Annual Report 2005-2006
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Soonerstart Automatic Qualifying Syndromes and Conditions 001
SoonerStart Automatic Qualifying Syndromes and Conditions 001 Abetalipoproteinemia 272.5 002 Acanthocytosis (see Abetalipoproteinemia) 272.5 003 Accutane, Fetal Effects of (see Fetal Retinoid Syndrome) 760.79 004 Acidemia, 2-Oxoglutaric 276.2 005 Acidemia, Glutaric I 277.8 006 Acidemia, Isovaleric 277.8 007 Acidemia, Methylmalonic 277.8 008 Acidemia, Propionic 277.8 009 Aciduria, 3-Methylglutaconic Type II 277.8 010 Aciduria, Argininosuccinic 270.6 011 Acoustic-Cervico-Oculo Syndrome (see Cervico-Oculo-Acoustic Syndrome) 759.89 012 Acrocephalopolysyndactyly Type II 759.89 013 Acrocephalosyndactyly Type I 755.55 014 Acrodysostosis 759.89 015 Acrofacial Dysostosis, Nager Type 756.0 016 Adams-Oliver Syndrome (see Limb and Scalp Defects, Adams-Oliver Type) 759.89 017 Adrenoleukodystrophy, Neonatal (see Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome) 759.89 018 Aglossia Congenita (see Hypoglossia-Hypodactylia) 759.89 019 Albinism, Ocular (includes Autosomal Recessive Type) 759.89 020 Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Brown Type (Type IV) 759.89 021 Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Tyrosinase Negative (Type IA) 759.89 022 Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Tyrosinase Positive (Type II) 759.89 023 Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Yellow Mutant (Type IB) 759.89 024 Albinism-Black Locks-Deafness 759.89 025 Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy (see Parathyroid Hormone Resistance) 759.89 026 Alexander Disease 759.89 027 Alopecia - Mental Retardation 759.89 028 Alpers Disease 759.89 029 Alpha 1,4 - Glucosidase Deficiency (see Glycogenosis, Type IIA) 271.0 030 Alpha-L-Fucosidase Deficiency (see Fucosidosis) -
Sphingolipid Metabolism Diseases ⁎ Thomas Kolter, Konrad Sandhoff
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1758 (2006) 2057–2079 www.elsevier.com/locate/bbamem Review Sphingolipid metabolism diseases ⁎ Thomas Kolter, Konrad Sandhoff Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany Received 23 December 2005; received in revised form 26 April 2006; accepted 23 May 2006 Available online 14 June 2006 Abstract Human diseases caused by alterations in the metabolism of sphingolipids or glycosphingolipids are mainly disorders of the degradation of these compounds. The sphingolipidoses are a group of monogenic inherited diseases caused by defects in the system of lysosomal sphingolipid degradation, with subsequent accumulation of non-degradable storage material in one or more organs. Most sphingolipidoses are associated with high mortality. Both, the ratio of substrate influx into the lysosomes and the reduced degradative capacity can be addressed by therapeutic approaches. In addition to symptomatic treatments, the current strategies for restoration of the reduced substrate degradation within the lysosome are enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), cell-mediated therapy (CMT) including bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and cell-mediated “cross correction”, gene therapy, and enzyme-enhancement therapy with chemical chaperones. The reduction of substrate influx into the lysosomes can be achieved by substrate reduction therapy. Patients suffering from the attenuated form (type 1) of Gaucher disease and from Fabry disease have been successfully treated with ERT. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ceramide; Lysosomal storage disease; Saposin; Sphingolipidose Contents 1. Sphingolipid structure, function and biosynthesis ..........................................2058 1.1. -
Genetic Ablation of Acid Ceramidase in Krabbe Disease Confirms the Psychosine Hypothesis and Identifies a New Therapeutic Target
Genetic ablation of acid ceramidase in Krabbe disease confirms the psychosine hypothesis and identifies a new therapeutic target Yedda Lia, Yue Xub, Bruno A. Beniteza, Murtaza S. Nagreec, Joshua T. Dearborna, Xuntian Jianga, Miguel A. Guzmand, Josh C. Woloszynekb, Alex Giaramitab, Bryan K. Yipb, Joseph Elsberndb, Michael C. Babcockb, Melanie Lob, Stephen C. Fowlere, David F. Wozniakf, Carole A. Voglerd, Jeffrey A. Medinc,g, Brett E. Crawfordb, and Mark S. Sandsa,h,1 aDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; bDepartment of Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949; cDepartment of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada; dDepartment of Pathology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104; eDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045; fDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; gPediatrics and Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and hDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 Edited by William S. Sly, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, and approved August 16, 2019 (received for review July 15, 2019) Infantile globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe disease) is a generated catabolically through the deacylation of galactosylceramide fatal demyelinating disorder caused by a deficiency in the lyso- by acid ceramidase (ACDase). This effectively dissociates GALC somal enzyme galactosylceramidase (GALC). GALC deficiency leads deficiency from psychosine accumulation, allowing us to test the to the accumulation of the cytotoxic glycolipid, galactosylsphingosine long-standing psychosine hypothesis. We demonstrate that genetic (psychosine). Complementary evidence suggested that psychosine loss of ACDase activity [Farber disease (FD) (8)] in the twitcher is synthesized via an anabolic pathway. -
The Multiple Roles of Sphingomyelin in Parkinson's Disease
biomolecules Review The Multiple Roles of Sphingomyelin in Parkinson’s Disease Paola Signorelli 1 , Carmela Conte 2 and Elisabetta Albi 2,* 1 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Advances over the past decade have improved our understanding of the role of sphin- golipid in the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease. Much attention has been paid to ceramide derived molecules, especially glucocerebroside, and little on sphingomyelin, a critical molecule for brain physiopathology. Sphingomyelin has been proposed to be involved in PD due to its presence in the myelin sheath and for its role in nerve impulse transmission, in presynaptic plasticity, and in neurotransmitter receptor localization. The analysis of sphingomyelin-metabolizing enzymes, the development of specific inhibitors, and advanced mass spectrometry have all provided insight into the signaling mechanisms of sphingomyelin and its implications in Parkinson’s disease. This review describes in vitro and in vivo studies with often conflicting results. We focus on the synthesis and degradation enzymes of sphingomyelin, highlighting the genetic risks and the molecular alterations associated with Parkinson’s disease. Keywords: sphingomyelin; sphingolipids; Parkinson’s disease; neurodegeneration Citation: Signorelli, P.; Conte, C.; 1. Introduction Albi, E. The Multiple Roles of Sphingomyelin in Parkinson’s Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease (ND) Disease. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1311. after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent breakthroughs in our knowledge of the molecular https://doi.org/10.3390/ mechanisms underlying PD involve unfolded protein responses and protein aggregation. -
Farber Lipogranulomatosis
Farber lipogranulomatosis Description Farber lipogranulomatosis is a rare inherited condition involving the breakdown and use of fats in the body (lipid metabolism). In affected individuals, lipids accumulate abnormally in cells and tissues throughout the body, particularly around the joints. Three classic signs occur in Farber lipogranulomatosis: a hoarse voice or a weak cry, small lumps of fat under the skin and in other tissues (lipogranulomas), and swollen and painful joints. Affected individuals may also have difficulty breathing, an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), and developmental delay. Researchers have described seven types of Farber lipogranulomatosis based on their characteristic features. Type 1 is the most common, or classical, form of this condition and is associated with the classic signs of voice, skin, and joint problems that begin a few months after birth. Developmental delay and lung disease also commonly occur. Infants born with type 1 Farber lipogranulomatosis usually survive only into early childhood. Types 2 and 3 generally have less severe signs and symptoms than the other types. Affected individuals have the three classic signs and usually do not have developmental delay. Children with these types of Farber lipogranulomatosis typically live into mid- to late childhood. Types 4 and 5 are associated with severe neurological problems. Type 4 usually causes life-threatening health problems beginning in infancy due to massive lipid deposits in the liver, spleen, lungs, and immune system tissues. Children with this type typically do not survive past their first year of life. Type 5 is characterized by progressive decline in brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) function, which causes paralysis of the arms and legs (quadriplegia), seizures, loss of speech, involuntary muscle jerks ( myoclonus), and developmental delay. -
HHS Public Access Author Manuscript
HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptJ Registry Author Manuscript Manag. Author Author Manuscript manuscript; available in PMC 2015 May 11. Published in final edited form as: J Registry Manag. 2014 ; 41(4): 182–189. Exclusion of Progressive Brain Disorders of Childhood for a Cerebral Palsy Monitoring System: A Public Health Perspective Richard S. Olney, MD, MPHa, Nancy S. Doernberga, and Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, MDa aNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Abstract Background—Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined by its nonprogressive features. Therefore, a standard definition and list of progressive disorders to exclude would be useful for CP monitoring and epidemiologic studies. Methods—We reviewed the literature on this topic to 1) develop selection criteria for progressive brain disorders of childhood for public health surveillance purposes, 2) identify categories of disorders likely to include individual conditions that are progressive, and 3) ascertain information about the relative frequency and natural history of candidate disorders. Results—Based on 19 criteria that we developed, we ascertained a total of 104 progressive brain disorders of childhood, almost all of which were Mendelian disorders. Discussion—Our list is meant for CP surveillance programs and does not represent a complete catalog of progressive genetic conditions, nor is the list meant to comprehensively characterize disorders that might be mistaken for cerebral -
Soonerstart Automatic Qualifying Syndromes and Conditions
SoonerStart Automatic Qualifying Syndromes and Conditions - Appendix O Abetalipoproteinemia Acanthocytosis (see Abetalipoproteinemia) Accutane, Fetal Effects of (see Fetal Retinoid Syndrome) Acidemia, 2-Oxoglutaric Acidemia, Glutaric I Acidemia, Isovaleric Acidemia, Methylmalonic Acidemia, Propionic Aciduria, 3-Methylglutaconic Type II Aciduria, Argininosuccinic Acoustic-Cervico-Oculo Syndrome (see Cervico-Oculo-Acoustic Syndrome) Acrocephalopolysyndactyly Type II Acrocephalosyndactyly Type I Acrodysostosis Acrofacial Dysostosis, Nager Type Adams-Oliver Syndrome (see Limb and Scalp Defects, Adams-Oliver Type) Adrenoleukodystrophy, Neonatal (see Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome) Aglossia Congenita (see Hypoglossia-Hypodactylia) Aicardi Syndrome AIDS Infection (see Fetal Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) Alaninuria (see Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency) Albers-Schonberg Disease (see Osteopetrosis, Malignant Recessive) Albinism, Ocular (includes Autosomal Recessive Type) Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Brown Type (Type IV) Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Tyrosinase Negative (Type IA) Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Tyrosinase Positive (Type II) Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Yellow Mutant (Type IB) Albinism-Black Locks-Deafness Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy (see Parathyroid Hormone Resistance) Alexander Disease Alopecia - Mental Retardation Alpers Disease Alpha 1,4 - Glucosidase Deficiency (see Glycogenosis, Type IIA) Alpha-L-Fucosidase Deficiency (see Fucosidosis) Alport Syndrome (see Nephritis-Deafness, Hereditary Type) Amaurosis (see Blindness) Amaurosis -
Dysregulation of Autophagy As a Common Mechanism in Lysosomal
University of Birmingham Dysregulation of autophagy as a common mechanism in lysosomal storage diseases Seranova, Elena; Connolly, Kyle J; Zatyka, Malgorzata; Rosenstock, Tatiana R; Barrett, Timothy; Tuxworth, Richard I; Sarkar, Sovan DOI: 10.1042/EBC20170055 10.1042/EBC20170055 License: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY) Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (Harvard): Seranova, E, Connolly, KJ, Zatyka, M, Rosenstock, TR, Barrett, T, Tuxworth, RI & Sarkar, S 2017, 'Dysregulation of autophagy as a common mechanism in lysosomal storage diseases', Essays in Biochemistry, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 733-749. https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20170055, https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20170055 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: Checked for eligibility: 08/01/2018 General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. -
Diagnosis of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Krabbe Disease, and Farber Disease After Uptake of Fatty Acid-Labeled Cerebroside Sulfate Into Cultured Skin Fibroblasts
Diagnosis of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Krabbe Disease, and Farber Disease after Uptake of Fatty Acid-labeled Cerebroside Sulfate into Cultured Skin Fibroblasts Tooru Kudoh, David A. Wenger J Clin Invest. 1982;70(1):89-97. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI110607. Research Article [14C]Stearic acid-labeled cerebroside sulfate (CS) was presented to cultured skin fibroblasts in the media. After endocytosis into control cells 86% was readily metabolized to galactosylceramide, ceramide, and stearic acid, which was reutilized in the synthesis of the major lipids found in cultured fibroblasts. Uptake and metabolism of the [14C]CS into cells from typical and atypical patients and carriers of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), Krabbe disease, and Farber disease were observed. Cells from patients with late infantile MLD could not metabolize the CS at all, while cells from an adult MLD patient and from a variant MLD patient could metabolize ∼40 and 15%, respectively, of the CS taken up. These results are in contrast to the in vitro results that demonstrated a severe deficiency of arylsulfatase A in the late infantile and adult patient and a partial deficiency (21-27% of controls) in the variant MLD patient. Patients with Krabbe disease could metabolize nearly 40% of the galactosylceramide produced in the lysosomes from the CS. This is in contrast to the near zero activity for galactosylceramidase measured in vitro. Carriers of Krabbe disease with galactosylceramidase activity near half normal in vitro and those with under 10% of normal activity were found to metabolize galactosylceramide in cells significantly slower than controls. This provides a method for differentiating affected patients from carriers with low enzyme […] Find the latest version: https://jci.me/110607/pdf Diagnosis of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Krabbe Disease, and Farber Disease after Uptake of Fatty Acid-labeled Cerebroside Sulfate into Cultured Skin Fibroblasts TOORU KUDOH and DAVID A. -
Batten Disease
Batten Disease Batten disease (Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses) is an inherited disorder of the nervous system that usually manifests itself in childhood. Batten disease is named after the British paediatrician who first described it in 1903. It is one of a group of disorders called neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (or NCLs). Although Batten disease is the juvenile form of NCL, most doctors use the same term to describe all forms of NCL. Early symptoms of Batten disease (or NCL) usually appear in childhood when parents or doctors may notice a child begin to develop vision problems or seizures. In some cases the early signs are subtle, taking the form of personality and behaviour changes, slow learning, clumsiness or stumbling. Over time, affected children suffer mental impairment, worsening seizures, and progressive loss of sight and motor skills. Children become totally disabled and eventually die. Batten disease is not contagious nor, at this time, preventable. To date it has always been fatal. Click here to return to the top of the page What are the forms of NCL? There are four main types of NCL, including a very rare form that affects adults. The symptoms of all types are similar but they become apparent at different ages and progress at different rates. Infantile NCL: (Santavuori-Haltia type) begins between about 6 months and 2 years of age and progresses rapidly. Affected children fail to thrive and have abnormally small heads (microcephaly). Also typical are short, sharp muscle contractions called myoclonic jerks. Patients usually die before age 5, although some have survived a few years longer. -
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Improved Diagnosis and Prognosis
rJhlly /_ o I ME TACTIROMATIC LEUKODYS TR IMPROVED DIAGNOSIS ANI) PROGI{OSIS by Mohd Adi Firdaus TAN B.Biomedical Sc. (Hons) Department of Paediatrics The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date submitted: z8 March 2o,o,6 THESIS SUMMARY mole prevalent lysosomal storage Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is one of the births in Australia' The major cause of disorders with a reported incidence of I in 92,000 (ASA); this lysosomal enzyme, together this disease is the deficiency of arylsulphatase A of sulphatide' The with an activator protein, saposin B, is needed for the catabolism nervous system results in progressive subsequent accumulation of sulphatides in the central neurorogical function with a fatal outcome demyerination that reads to severe impairment of juvenile patients. for the more sevefely affected infantile and - l);. .1 MLD patients for more thanz' years' Bone marrow transprantation has been carried out in diffrcurt and remains a challenge However, successfur treatment of this disorder is often onset of neurological symptoms' At because patients are usually diagnosed after the in peripheral blood leucocltes present, MLD is diagnosed by measurement of ASA activity diagnosis is usually only obtained after and cultured skin fibroblasts. However, a definitive tests. The need for auxiliary tests is extensive testing with an arcay ofauxiliary laboratory (ASA-PD) mutation or ASA-PD/MLD' due to the presence of the ASA pseudo-deficiency low ASA enzyme activity' These which leads to clinically normal individuals who have conventional enzyme analysis; patients cannot be distinguished from MLD patients by MLD since saposin B deficiency is furthermore, normal enzyme activity cannot rule out also known to cause the disorder' and a simple skin fibroblast In this study, immune-based ASA activity and protein assays, a sulphatide quantification assay sulphatide-loading protocol, were developed. -
Inborn Errors of Metabolism As a Cause of Neurological Disease in Adults: an Approach to Investigation
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;69:5–12 5 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.69.1.5 on 1 July 2000. Downloaded from REVIEW Inborn errors of metabolism as a cause of neurological disease in adults: an approach to investigation R G F Gray, M A Preece, S H Green, W Whitehouse, J Winer, A Green In 1927 Archibald Garrod presented the Hux- LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES ley Lecture at Charing Cross Hospital1 Out of The lysosome is an intracellular organelle this lecture emerged the concept of an “inborn involved in the degradation of various complex error of metabolism” whereby an inherited lipids, glycoproteins, and mucopolysaccha- defect may lead to the accumulation in cells or rides. Defects in specific enzymes lead to the body fluids of a metabolite which in itself may accumulation of complex catabolic intermedi- predispose to disease. The disorders cited as ates. Although the process occurs in utero the examples were all adult onset disorders. age of onset of clinical symptoms can vary sub- Today there are over 200 known inborn stantially. Alleles are known which are associ- errors of metabolism; however, the vast major- ated with a milder, later onset phenotype. This ity of cases reported are of childhood onset may be related to the presence of significant (<16 years of age). In part this may reflect the residual functional enzyme activity resulting in fact that the paediatric forms of the disease are a lower rate of accumulation of the intermedi- more severe and hence more easily recognis- ate metabolite. The clinical symptoms of the able.