Injured/Sick/Dead Kea Response Protocol
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Injured/sick/dead kea Response Protocol Kea Conservation Trust (KCT) Best Practice Standard -2.0 Contact: [email protected] Version 4. www.keaconservation.co.nz April 2017 Contents 1.0 Purpose 2.0 Background 3.0 Scope 4.0 A quick overview: Flowchart 5.0 Injured/sick kea 5.1 Who to contact 5.2 Assessment 5.2.1 History 5.2.2 Distance Examination 5.2.3 Physical Examination 5.3 Common injury types recorded in kea and their signs 5.3.1 Non-specific signs of ill health 5.3.2 Shock 5.3.3 Trauma 5.3.4 Ingestion of foreign objects 5.3.5 Poisoning 5.4 Catching and temporary containment 5.5 Getting veterinary treatment 5.6 Safety 5.7 Reporting 5.8 Reimbursement of expenses 5.9 What happens after treatment? 6.0 Dead kea 6.1 Who to contact 6.2 Processing the body 6.3 Reporting 7.0 Acknowledgements 8.0 References 9.0 Appendix 9.1 Expenses – reimbursement form 9.2 Local volunteer contacts list 9.3 Assessment check sheet/injured-sick kea report form 9.4 Incident report form - dead kea 9.5 How to submit a specimen for post-mortem 9.6 Huia Wildlife Submission form 9.7 Safe kea transport container details Version 4. www.keaconservation.co.nz April 2017 1.0 Purpose The purpose of this document is to ensure that i) injured/sick kea are consistently and appropriately assessed, provided with supportive care, transported to receive medical attention and injury reported and ii) dead kea are correctly processed, sent away for post mortem and cause of death recorded in an appropriate database. This is intended to help identify specific threats in local areas which in turn will help with threat mitigation. 2.0 Background Kea are neophilic – i.e. they love (and are attracted to) anything new in their environment. As a result some have a tendency to interact with humans and human property, often to their detriment. Kea continue to be found dead or injured as a result of illegal shooting/blunt force trauma, vehicle strike, interactions with traps, predation, interaction with high voltage cables and ingestion of baits, heavy metals (lead), and other foreign objects (e.g. rubber, string). Cause and prevalence of injury/death may be related to location and this information is important to capture. To date there has been no consistent procedure for attending to injured/sick kea across the South Island/DOC conservancies and information on who to contact including direction for volunteers has been unclear/difficult to find. Currently DOC’s generic wildlife policy states that “only animals with a good chance of making a complete recovery in a reasonable timeframe should be considered for treatment and rehabilitation.” However, assessing in the first instance if a kea is likely to make a complete recovery is very difficult and as such it should be encouraged that all injured/sick kea are, at the very least, transported to a veterinarian for assessment and, a decision on the bird’s fate made at that time. Reporting and recording of kea injuries or deaths (location, number and cause) has also not been centralised to allow for ease of searching. This SOP seeks to develop an information resource to support volunteers who care for injured/sick kea and to enable appropriate and effective recording of incidents for the ongoing benefit of kea conservation. 3.0 Scope This document will identify 1) process and contacts for helping and reporting injured/sick kea and 2) process for reporting, testing and recording of dead kea. It will also identify any sources of funding required to assist in reimbursement of volunteer expenses. The document also provides basic information on assessment of sick and injured kea, possible reasons and signs of illness/injury and forms for reporting. The information given is not intended to be a complete reference for the treatment of kea, but instead provides support for initial pick up and transport of kea to wildlife veterinary specialists. Further information on assessment and treatment of birds may be found in Morgan, 2008. It is envisaged that this SOP will be expanded as new information becomes available. Version 4. www.keaconservation.co.nz April 2017 4.0 A quick overview: Flowchart - What to do if an injured/sick/dead kea is found Injured/ Kea assessed Are you able to take into your local sick kea (distance/physical exam) DOC office or to *DOC approved and deemed to need volunteers? (refer appendix 9.2) found medical care (check sheet completed appendix 9.3) YES NO (office is not open or is too far away) DOC to complete check sheet Contact the KCT (KCT to complete (if not already completed) and check sheet (if not already send to the **KCT completed) and send to DOC) Search contacts list for approved local volunteer kea holders/carers/transporters and vets and organise transfer (refer appendix 9.2) Vet assessment (vet care can be done locally) Volunteers – apply to KCT for expenses to be reimbursed (appendix 9.1) YES NO (injuries need specialist care): organise transfer to Wildbase Hospital (through DOC) Treatment Treatment successful (kea Organise release with unsuccessful (kea dies able to be released (wild original contacts (KCT and or is euthanased) or captive)) DOC) Dead kea recovered Version 4. www.keaconservation.co.nz April 2017 Dead kea Are you able to take the body into your local *DOC office or recovered DOC approved volunteers (refer appendix 9.2)? YES NO (Office is not open or too far away) DOC to complete incident Contact the KCT – KCT to complete incident report (appendix 9.4) and send report (appendix 9.4) and send to *DOC. to the **KCT Body to be sent directly to Wildbase Pathology (refer section 6.2) Body to be processed and sent with report to Wildbase Pathology (Massey University) for post mortem/testing (refer section 6.2 and appendix 9.5 and 9.6) Post mortem returned to DOC Body returned to KCT vet for and KCT for records samples (if required) then DOC/iwi for storage * Department of Conservation ** Kea Conservation Trust Version 4. www.keaconservation.co.nz April 2017 5.0 Injured/sick kea 5.1 Who to contact Currently there are limited DOC funds to enable injured/sick kea to receive medical treatment. As such, a network of volunteers South Island wide, supporting existing official organisations (DOC, KCT, Wildbase Hospital, Air NZ etc) is vital to ensure kea receive the care they need. Volunteers fall under 3 categories; 1) transporters – people who are prepared to transport injured/sick kea to holders/vets/flights; 2) temporary kea holders – individuals/facilities able to hold kea while awaiting treatment/release or to hold longer term while receiving therapy (eg chelation treatment for lead poisoning) and 3) veterinarians able to administer treatment pro bono (in collaboration with Wildbase Hospital). Volunteers are able to apply for support from the KCT for reimbursement of fuel and consumable items (medical supplies etc). Reimbursement will be dependent on availability of local funds (refer appendix 9.1 for an expenses claims form). A list of volunteers and official organisation contacts is being compiled and will be added to as new people come forward. This will allow DOC and KCT personnel to search by location and by volunteer category (holder/rehabilitator, transporter, vet). Refer appendix 9.2 for table of current contacts (by category and location). If there are no contacts in your area, please contact the KCT prior to seeking local veterinarian attention. 5.2 Assessment Any assessment should include 1) collection of the birds history (see 5.2.1), 2) a distance examination (see 5.2.2) and 3) a physical examination (see 5.2.3 and refer to appendix 9.3 for assessment check sheet (for a more thorough assessment, refer to Morgan, 2008)). Any kea brought in for treatment (whether veterinary assistance is required or not), should be colour banded before release for easy identification. What does a healthy kea look like? A healthy kea will be bright and quickly responsive to visual and audio stimulus, stand with weight evenly distributed on both feet, move all limbs freely and with a balanced gait and have sleek, glossy plumage. Weight range c.700g-1kg (gender dependent - males are heavier than females). A kea which displays physical and behavioural responses opposite to the above may be in serious trouble. It is important to note that a bird displaying obvious signs of distress or shock is likely in a dire situation. This is due to the ‘preservation reflex’ in birds which refers to the fact they will mask any signs of illness to reduce unwanted attention of predators or possible rejection by their flock (Cannon 1991, cited in Morgan, 2008). Signs of distress/shock include unresponsiveness, mouth gaping and shallow, rapid respiration. If a kea has been captured easily by a member of the public its condition is potentially life threatening. 5.2.1 History – A detailed history should first be taken from the person who has found the bird. Questions should include the following: Where and when was the bird found? What was it doing at the time? What did it do in response to being approached and caught up? Has it been offered any food/water (and has it consumed any)? Has it passed any droppings and if so how did they look (amount, colour and consistency)? Has it received any first aid care or medications? 5.2.2 Distance examination If the kea has not been caught and only presumed unwell, it is important that a distance examination is carried out to ascertain whether the bird needs to be caught for a physical exam.