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NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 – VOLUME 46, ISSUE 6
MONTHLY SPONSORS...... 4
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR...... 6
MESSAGE FROM THE BOARD...... 7 TECHNICAL ARTICLE
Characteristics of polygonal faulting in the Lea Park/Milk River Formations...... 9 UPCOMING EVENTS
Technical Luncheon...... 16 FRONT COVER Skaftafell, Iceland. Division Talks...... 18 Hanging basalt columns at Svartifoss (Black Falls) in Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland. The columnar structure within the basalt GEOCOMMUNITY is formed by rapid cooling and contraction of the intrusive lava. This unique waterfall GeoWomen Talk...... 27 has eroded down through the columns. Photo: Ryan Taylor SOCIETY NEWS
2019 CSPG Classic Golf...... 28
2019 – CSPG Mixed Golf 30th Anniversary Tournament...... 29
RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 5 LETTER FROM THE EDITOR
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR
Winter. Again. Everything is back to wouldn’t meet the major publications normal (silver grey days; very black, long stringent academic criteria. By all nights; white snows) and the skiers are means, give us a try. The Reservoir dreaming of deep powder and powder remains resolutely “No Page Fee”. blue skies. CSPG activities and events are in full swing, racing the Christmas break. Your September/October edition of the Reservoir was replete with the traditional Tom Sneddon This edition has a lead-off technical announcements for the CSPG October Professional Geologist (Alberta), article by Andy St-Onge entitled conferences. This month we feature a Professional Geoscientist (B.C.) retired Characteristics of polygonal faulting in synopsis of the Gussow “New Directions recently as Director of Geoscience and Outreach the Lea Park/Milk River Formations. All in Geosciences for Unconventional for APEGA, has been a member of the CSPG the technical divisions are active and Resources (October 15-16) and the tightly for over 40 years, and has pursued a career in the new Geothermal Division proudly focused Core Characterization Workshop geoscience since his university days. He has two presents an extended abstract from its (October 3) that was a cooperative degrees – both from Alberta: initially from the inaugural meeting in September. effort with the Society of Petroleum University of Calgary in 1969 (B.A. Geography), Engineers. Despite bad economic times, and from the University of Alberta (M.Sc. in On the topic of technical articles, we who a lot of good science is being done by Water Resources, Dept. of Civil Engineering, keep the good ship Reservoir afloat would CSPG Members and their associates. 1981). His initial industry experience was with like to make a pitch for more operational Amoco Canada in 1967-69 as a “Geophysical research manuscripts for inclusion in We also do a big reveal on the outcomes Professional Assistant” for seismic data future editions of the Reservoir. Jon from the August Mixed Golf Tournament management, processing, and seismic section Rotzien, who delivered an excellent (page 29), wherein your humble Editor preparations. “Stratigraphic Analysis of Sediment and team achieved notoriety as the least Gravity Flow Deposits and Implications” dishonest of the lot. It didn’t rain for once Tom has taken his broad geoscience experience presentation at the September Technical and a good time was had by all. If you – over 30 years of earth sciences experience, Luncheon, noted in passing his difficulty subject yourself to the Game of Golf, put including experimental watershed research, in getting a manuscript past the editorial the Mixed on your calendar for next year! hydrology, hydrogeology, environmental geology, oil boards of various publications. and gas prospect development, drilling programs, Well, that wraps it up for this edition. and extensive field work in minerals exploration The reason for passing on his submission Your Reservoir Team will have a crop of and development – in both government and was that they don’t do operational CSPG Centennial activities to report in industry, and applied it to the promotion of research reports in their publications. the coming months, so please watch for professionalism within the geosciences, through And, of yes, they also wanted a sizeable them here and in the weekly newsletter. his role at APEGA. fee for the privilege of printing acceptable We also look forward meeting as manuscripts. We feel that geoscientists many of you as possible at the annual are keen on learning about the ins and technical luncheon and holiday. Readers of The RECORDER, The Source, the outs of structures and sediments that CSPG Reservoir, and The PEG have seen Tom’s numerous articles on the role of the professional geoscientist.
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6 RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 MESSAGE FROM THE BOARD
MESSAGE FROM THE BOARD By: Laurie Brazzoni
Sustainability – certainly a word we hear in so many contexts today! The CSPG is working to ensure our mandate of “advancing the profession of energy geosciences” not only survives but thrives. Our organization needs to evolve to remain sustainable. With your help, we can do this! Facing our new reality of challenging economics, social license issues, and emerging technologies we clearly need to adapt. To be sustainable, flexible and nimble to roll with the punches the Board is working on Vision 2025. More on this as the board executive develop and refine the plan. Viability In the meantime - what can we as members industry bundles combining membership NOW! We’d truly appreciate your feedback. do to ensure the CSPG stays sustainable? fees with discounts on courses and If you haven’t received an email but would Two themes: financial viability and publications at a reduced rate. Please like to be part of this please drop us a line at relevance. Viability comes with increasing contact either [email protected] or [email protected]. membership numbers, or even just myself if you’d like to learn more. stable membership numbers! Reliable Last, a shout-out to the dedicated attendance at events such as Technical Relevance individuals rebuilding the CSPG mentoring Luncheons, courses, conferences, etc. Regarding the second theme of relevance – program – GeoMatch. Whether from keep our organization financially healthy. who better to help adapt to changing energy another country, or just new to the industry, Help us spread the word about the great needs than geoscientists? So many energy support will be offered to the mentees offerings the CSPG currently has, especially sources are accessed by the geosciences. discussing cultural norms, expectations, to colleagues and friends who are not The education, conference and divisions and other topics to aid in developing members and are missing out. Challenge of the CSPG are always striving to find the careers. They are in the process of matching yourself to bring along a non-member to an highest quality speakers and instructors up mentees with mentors. Please contact event this year and let’s see if we can flatten to bring us new research and technologies [email protected] if you are interested the decline in membership numbers. in a myriad of geoscience topics. Whether in participating. you are at the start of your career, or further Diving into the details, attached is a graph of along, there is always more to learn and We believe the CSPG provides many the membership numbers by category since new ways to generate value. You can help benefits for members - obviously the 2012. Total membership in the CSPG has by giving us feedback on what you’d like education component is a major draw declined about 25% from the peak in 2014; to see. Even better, volunteer to share your for members. The CSPG is a source no surprise to anyone reading this! The expertise or convince an expert at your of consistently excellent conferences, dark blue category, the free in-transition organization to share their expertise. Technical Luncheons, division talks, and membership, expired at the end of 2018 publications. The Bulletin historically and was not renewed. In order to keep The membership committee is working has been a go-to reference source; stay current members happy and encourage to reach out to as many organizations tuned for future plans to modernize this more people to join the CSPG the Executive as we can to gather feedback on current venerable repository of knowledge. Also, I Committee created the membership trends, what is working at the CSPG want to highlight the incredible networking director role in 2017. Membership is and what suggestions you may have for and social opportunities the CSPG provides tasked with retaining current members and improvement. We can also explain the – whether it is a Young Professionals attracting new members. membership bundles at this time. As of the event, mentoring through GeoMatch, or writing we’ve contacted approximately 120 To help corporations with the cost of organizations. If you have received an email (Continued on page 8...) individual memberships, CSPG has created and haven’t yet responded please do so
RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 7 (Continued from page 7...) just socialization opportunities like the word! We’d appreciate all feedback on how golf tournaments or the Road Race. So to keep relevant; we are always looking many opportunities to socialize, meet for more volunteers, speakers, writers, etc. new geoscientists, and re-connect with Come join and expand your network! colleagues. Our membership fee is small price to pay As my term on the CSPG board is for continuation of many years of fulfilling ending I am happy to announce the new our mission of advancing the profession of Membership Director. Genga Nadaraju energy geosciences and fostering scientific, will be assuming this role and is currently technical learning and professional transitioning. Please feel free to reach out to development. her at [email protected]. On behalf of the Board and staff at the The Board wants to make sure our CSPG, we wish you a wonderful holiday organization stays viable, we’d love a few season. more members to join and reap the benefits you already receive – so please be an ambassador for us and check around your organization and peer group. Grab a couple of friends and bring them to a division talk or a social event and help us spread the
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8 RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYGONAL FAULTING IN THE LEA PARK/MILK RIVER FORMATIONS By: Andy St-Onge1, PFS Interpretations Ltd., Calgary Alberta, [email protected], www.greatplainsstudy.com
Abstract In southwest Saskatchewan a strata- bound polygonal fault system has been identified on a 3-D seismic data in a Lower Campanian to Upper Santonian interval of fine-grained sediments. The faulting occurs in the Lea Park/Milk River Formations. The faults average ~450 m in length, have random strike directions and on average ~+/-5 m vertical throw. The 3-D seismic dataset imaging the faulting lies about 60 km east of the Hatton gas field producing from the Alderson Member of the Lea Park Formation. The pervasive faulting in the fine-grained reservoir can be dated using correlative offset bed movements in closely spaced wells and could have affected the in-situ reservoir permeability.
Introduction Strata-bound fault systems have been identified in over 100 basins worldwide. These fault systems contain extensive fracturing and faulting in absence of tectonic forces. The areally extensive networks of fractures and faulting have been identified in fine-grained sediments that can form colloidal suspensions (Cartwright, 2014). Shortly after deposition, the suspensions aqueously dewater, and normal faults initiate. The faults continue to grow in lateral distance and vertical throw until they intersect other similar faults and fractures. The fault traces have polygonal forms when viewed in a map sense; hence the name polygonal fault system (PFS). PFS have been recognized and their characteristics investigated, usually with 3-D seismic datasets acquired to image targets for drilling to extract hydrocarbons. Wellbore drilling density is low where PFS have been identified, as most PFSs Figure 1 – Outline of the Upper Cretaceous Campanian Pierre Shale Formation deposited within the have been identified along continental bounds of the Great Plains of North America (simplified from Robinson Roberts and Kirschbaum, 1995, margins where dense borehole drilling is via St-Onge, 2017). The rectangle is the approximate outline for Figure 3; the asterisk is the approximate not required for hydrocarbon production location of the 3-D seismic dataset discussed here. (Cartwright, 2011).
The aim of this paper is to present previously unreported faulting of the Upper Cretaceous Lea Park/Milk River Formations (Continued on page 10...)
RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 9 TECHNICAL ARTICLE
(Continued from page 9...) within the Great Plains polygonal fault system (GPPFS). The Cretaceous GPPFS is a large set of faults and fractures hosted in fine-grained Cretaceous strata deposited within the Western Interior Seaway (WIS, see Fig. 1). The GPPFS is the only PFS found to date that is extensively sampled with well control, 3-D seismic data, and outcrop.
Previously unreported faulting and fracturing in the Upper Cretaceous Lea Park/Milk River Formations is presented using a 3-D seismic dataset and accompanying well control from a location in southwestern Saskatchewan. The seismic data shows the characteristics of the extensive polygonal faulting and the well control enables the determination of the fault timing. The faulting occurred Figure 2 – Strat chart for the Milk River Formation in southern Alberta and northeast Montana (modified during the lower half of the deposition of from Payenberg et al., 2003, Ridgley, 2000 and Gilboy, 1987). the Lea Park Formation and the upper third of the Milk River Formation fine-grained sediments (as defined by Accumap well tops from HIS Markit for Saskatchewan wellbores). The faults average ~500 m in length, have random strike directions and on average ~+/-5 m vertical throw. The pervasive faulting could have affected the permeability of low porosity sediments. Moreover, the presence of the extensive faulting should encourage further investigation to examine other possible ramifications of the phenomenon within the Western Interior Seaway.
Geological Overview The Great Plains are underlain by sediments deposited in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (WIS). The seaway covered most of central North America during much of the Mesozoic from Texas to the Arctic Ocean when the North American continent was split into two land masses - Laramidia to the west and Appalachia to the east. Strata were deposited between the Cenomanian and the Campanian interval during rising and falling sea levels Figure 3 – Map showing the areal extent of Milk River gas reservoirs in southeast Alberta and southwest (Schröder-Adams et al., 2001). Coarse Saskatchewan (from O’Connell, 2002), as well as the approximate location of the 3-D seismic survey. to fine-grained sediment was deposited adjacent to the Sevier Orogeny to the west and sand and mud supplied by the North America craton to the east (Blakey, 2014). The WIS hosts a succession of sediments, including a large volume of continental muds and clays, bentonite, and other fine- grained material (see Schultz et al., 1980, Robinson Roberts and Kirschbaum, 1995, for example).
10 RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 Figure 5 – West to east seismic line that ties the wells shown in Figure 4. The data were tied to a sonic log and a 10/15-70/90 Hz. Xero phase wavelet convolved with the sonic log recorded in the 2-25-17-16W3 wellbore. Figure 4 – seismic base map showing the seismic line location for Figure 5 and the locations of the two wells shown in Figure 10.
During Coniacian to Santonian time, the sandy nearshore and foreshore facies of The dataset (Figure 4) for this work consists relative highstand conditions were present the Eagle Formation (in Montana) and Milk of a data volume totalling ~13 km2. The in the WIS (the Niobrara cyclotherm, River Formation and the marine, offshore data were acquired to image deeper oil and Robinson Roberts and Kirschbaum, shale facies of the Lea Park Formation gas targets within the Lower Cretaceous 1995). Fine-grained bentonitic muds, (Meijer Drees and Mhyr, 1981). Moreover, and Jurassic sediments that range from calcareous muds, lime and detrital muds Payenberg et al. (2003) showed that the ~950 to ~1000 m depth. The seismic data were deposited over a wide area. During Alderson Member is coeval with the deltaic were recorded using vertical component Campanian time, fine-grained pelagic Upper Eagle Formation of Montana, geophones and a dynamite source and muds were deposited as represented by U.S.A. The Alderson Member is commonly were processed to enhance P-wave energy. the Pierre Shale (homotaxially equivalent referred to as a portion of the Milk River The data were processed to a final stacked to the Lea Park Formation). Figure 1 shows Formation, or the “Milk River Equivalent” dataset and a post-stack time migration was the extent of the Pierre Shale (Figure 2 for (Meijer Drees and Mhyr, 1981; Gatenby and applied. stratigraphic column) as defined by outcrop Staniland, 2004). Recent studies suggest edges. The reader is referred to Schultz that the Alderson Member is, for the most The data fold at the zone of interest was ~10. et al. (1980) for a detailed description of part, several million years younger than The data has interpretable signal up to 100 the composition and properties of the the shallow marine–continental Milk River Hz based upon frequency intervals plotted Campanian Pierre Shale. Clay shale, Formation deposits in southern Alberta as separate displays to look for coherent siliceous shale, marlstone and bentonite (e.g. Payenberg et al., 2003; Pedersen, 2003, signal. Minor amounts of acquisition have all been observed and analyzed by via Lemiski, et al., 2011). Biogenic natural footprint (-20 dB compared to peak signal Schultz et al. (1980) within the WIS. gas is present in a sandy shale unit within reflection amplitudes) were apparent on the Alderson Member. the data down to the Westgate reflection. The Upper Cretaceous Alderson Member of the Lea Park Formation is a predominantly Seismic Data Figure 5 shows a west to east seismic line fine-grained, low-permeability interval of There is a paucity of 3-D seismic data within that intersects the 2-25-17-16W3 wellbore up to 200 metres of pervasively bioturbated the Upper Cretaceous production area; the where a 10/15-70/90 Hz. zero phase sandy mudstone containing significant 3-D seismic dataset used for this study was wavelet was convolved with a stretched proportions of swelling clays (Lemiski acquired about 70 km to the east (Figure 3). sonic log from the wellbore. The data et al., 2011). The Alderson Member is a The Lea Park and Milk River Formations are phase was deterministically estimated by shallow marine transitional facies between present but unproductive at this location. matching a stretched sonic log from 2-25-
RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 11 Figure 7 – Lea Park 3 seismic marker gradient map.
Figure 6 – Lea Park 1 seismic marker gradient map.
17-16W3 (Figure 5) to construct a least Gaussian distribution of fault lengths, with figure. This “correlation throw curve” shows square estimate of the wavelet at the well a mean fault length of ~500 m. The faults bed offsets from the middle of the Lea tie point. The 3% stretch is probably due have almost random strike direction. The Park Formation to about the upper third to seismic velocities being estimated with faulting for the Lea Park 1 and Lea Park 3 of the Milk River Formation (again, using a high frequency sonic log tool. The phase seismic reflections averaged ~ 5 m of throw Accumap formation tops). Deflections was rotated to 0˚ phase, so that a positive (~5 ms at 2,000 m/s interval velocity), as to the left indicate faulted sediments in impedance contrast (i.e. low to high velocity estimated by the Lea Park 3 to Milk River the 6-26 wellbore, and deflections to the with increasing depth) was displayed as a isochron offsets from a regional surface right show subsequent sediment infilling zero-phase peak reflection. (3rd order polynomial fit, not shown here) in the increased accommodation space. applied to the data shown in Figure 9. The Also shown on the cross section is a zone The three relatively shallow Lea Park seismic data show isochron variations in demarked as “offset perforations”. The 7-25 reflections have the lowest signal to noise any of the Lea Park 1, 2, or 3 reflections wellbore to the east was perforated in this ratio data within the dataset; these are the and the Milk River Formation reflection zone but not put on production. shallowest interpretable horizons. Two (by inspection, Figure 5). Figure 9 shows reflections from impedance contrasts the Lea Park 3 to Milk River isochron which Discussion within the Lea Park Formation are shown shows relative lows where the faulting The layer bound faulting presented here is here. The Lea Park 1 and Lea Park 3 occurred. consistent with polygonal faults identified gradient maps are the product of two 3x3 in fine-grained sediments in other areas. convolution masks (X = [-1 0 1, -2 0 2, -1 A simple two well cross section (Figure 10) Although the dataset was only about 13 0 1], Y = [-1 -2 -1, 0 0 0, 1 2 1]) applied to is instructive even though only two wells are km2, there were two other confidential the two-way traveltime values (Figures 6 used to exemplify the PFS faulting. Refer to datasets (totalling ~40 km2) that confirmed and 7). Figure 4 for the seismic line location and the observations in this study. The strat- the geology cross section location. The two- bound faulting, the polygonal nature of Observations well cross section shows highly correlative the fault traces, the apparent absence of The Lea Park 1 and 3 gradient maps show log signatures throughout the wellbores tectonic forces (as indicated by the almost faulting in either reflection (Figures 6 or ~400 m apart. The beds can be correlated random fault strike directions) and the 7). The fault geometry statistics for the Lea so that their offsets as a function of depth relatively small (~5 m) fault throws are Park 3 seismic horizon (Figure 8) shows a can be shown, as plotted at the right of the consistent with the criteria for polygonal
12 RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 Figure 8 - Lea Park 3 fault geometries. The fault lengths have somewhat of a Gaussian distribution and somewhat random strike direction.
Figure 9- Lea Park 3 to Milk River interpreted seismic horizon isochron map Figure 10 – A two well cross section showing bed correlations; the differences in is displayed on this plan view map. There are clearly many faults (purple) the correlations are used to construct the correlation throw curve on the right. evident on this display that appear as small grabens, but this effect may The two-log section location is shown in Figure 3; the wellbores are ~400 m apart. be due to the subvertical nature of the faulting. The 6-26 (west) and 7-26 The faulted interval start and end correlations are shown here and on the seismic (east) wellbores are shown by the arrows. line (Figure 5).
RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 13 TECHNICAL ARTICLE
faulting as discussed by Cartwright and appears the PFS continues up shallower CFIF>2.3.CO;2. Dewhurst (1998). into the Pakowki Formation, as some of the faulting has occurred after the deposition Cartwright, J., 2011, Diagenetically induced Polygonal fault systems are observed of the Lea Park 1 seismic marker. However, shear failure of fine-grained sediments almost exclusively in fine-grained rock there is no interpretable reflection above (Cartwright and Dewhurst, 1998). The this horizon. Due to the quickly changing and the development of polygonal fault Santonian – Campanian fine-grained Lea Park 1 two-way traveltime values systems, Marine and Petroleum Geology, sediments presented here cover a large between the wellbores, no attempt was v. 28 (2011), p. 1593-1610, doi: 10.1016/j. area within the outlines of the Western made to correlate the Pakowki Formation arpetgeo.2011.06.004. Interior Seaway; it may instructive to look bed offsets in adjacent wellbores. There for PFS faulting in other homotaxially are indications of faulting on the logs; it Cartwright, J, (2014) Are outcrop studies equivalent strata beneath the Great Plains. is recommended that a 3-D dataset with the key to understanding the origins of For example, Inks et al. (2010) reported recording parameters more suited to polygonal fault systems? Geology, v. 42 on the utility of imaging the Tiger Ridge shallow imaging but used to interpret the (6), p. 559-560, https://doi.org/10.1130/ Field in Montana with 3-D seismic data. shallower zones. This faulting may have focus062014.1. Inks et al. (2010) interpreted rotational been affected by the Milk River faulting fault blocks (each approximately 35 acres presented here. Deeper, beneath the Gatenby, W. and Staniland, M. 2004. in size) in the Eagle Formation sandstone Turonian Second White Speckled Shale Preliminary sedimentology of Milk River (Milk River equivalent). The fault blocks Formation, there exists a polygonal fault equivalent in the New Abby/Lacadena were interpreted to have occurred during system which initiated in bentonites gas fields, Saskatchewan. Canadian the Eocene Bearpaw uplift with subsequent within the Westgate Shale Formation (St- Society of Petroleum Geologists, Core gravity sliding. A PFS interpretation Onge, 2019); evidence of this can be seen Conference Abstract Book, p. 55–68, would simply modify Inks et al. (2010) on the rugose Westgate Reflection on the accessed on September 25, 2019, at: http:// interpretation to recognize that the faulting seismic line presented here (Figure 5). It is www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/ did not occur with the Bearpaw uplift, and, interpreted that the effects of this faulting documents/2015/20300gattenby/ndx_ in fact, occurred in situ (St-Onge, 2017). do not continue up into the Lea Park/Milk gattenby.pdf.html River Formations. It is reasonable to assume that the Gilboy, C., 1987, Aspects of the regional permeability of the Lea Park and Milk River Conclusions geological framework of low-permeability Formations would have been increased by A Lower Campanian to Upper Santonian shallow gas reservoirs in Upper Cretaceous the apparent pervasive amount of faulting polygonal fault system was identified on 3-D strata, southwestern Saskatchewan; observed on the seismic data. Maher et seismic data from southwest Saskatchewan 1n Summary of Investigations 1987, al., (2015) noted that fluid access along and faulting statistics were presented. The Saskatchewan Geological Survey; fractures may have occurred at outcrop faulting occurred within Milk River/Lea Saskatchewan Energy and Mines, of the Pierre Shale Formation in South Park fine-grained sediments as evidenced Miscellaneous Report 87-4. Dakota, creating permeability within the on the seismic data and well control. The shale. Other studies looking at the Lea Park faulting could have affected the in-situ Inks, T., Baclawski, P., Seaton, C., and and the Milk River and their homotaxial permeability. Other reservoirs of similar Estes, S., 2010, Productive wrench grabens equivalents with the WIS should look for age within the Western Interior Seaway imaged on 3D seismic, Tiger Ridge Field, evidence of PFS and its’ potential to affect should be investigated for evidence of the Blaine and Hill Counties, Montana, AAPG permeability. Moreover, there may be the pervasive faulting. Search and Discovery Article #20083. possibility to extend current Milk River/Lea Park Formation biogenic gas production Acknowledgements Lemiski, R., Hovikoski, J., Pemberton, G., in areas that may be polygonally fractured Andrew Dyke (403-781-6234) of TGS and Gingras, M., 2011, Sedimentological, (in a higher than current commodity price Canada Corp is thanked for making ichnological and reservoir characteristics environment). available the seismic data. of the low-permeability, gas-charged Alderson Member (Hatton gas field, There are a number of wireline log References southwest Saskatchewan): Implications correlation cross-sections in other Blakey, R., 2014, Paleogeography and for resource development, Bulletin of literature that span many 10’s of km of paleotectonics of the Western Interior Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 59(1), p. distance correlating Lea Park and Milk River Seaway, Jurassic-Cretaceous of North 27-53, doi.org/10.2113/gecpgbull.59.1.27. stratigraphy. Because of the potential for America, AAPG Search and Discovery structural differences over a small distance Article #30392, 72. Maher, H., Ferguson, S., Korth, R., Marshall, (see Figure 10), it is recommended to use J., and Pickett, L., 2015, Strata bound vein closely spaced two-well cross sections to Cartwright, J., and Dewhurst, D., 1998, array in the Pierre Shale, Lake Francis check correlative variations. Layer-bound compaction faults in Case, South Dakota, U. S. A., Rocky fine-grained sediments, GSA Bul- Mountain Geology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 153–165, There are two other PFS identified on letin, v. 10, n. 10, p. 1242–1257, doi: doi:10.2113/gsrocky.50.2.153. the dataset that are worth noting here. It 10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1242:LB-
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Meijer Drees, N., and Mhyr, D., 1981, The Schröder-Adams, C.J., Cumbaa, S.L., Bloch, Upper Cretaceous Milk River and Lea J., Leckie, D. A., Craig, J., Seif El-Dein, S. A., Park Formations in Southeastern Alberta, Simons, D.-J.H. and Kenig, F., 2001, Late CSPG Bulletin 29(1): pp. 42-74, available Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Campanian) for purchase at: http://archives.datapages. paleoenvironmental history of the Eastern com/data/cspg/data/029/029001/0042. Canadian margin of the Western Interior htm Seaway: bonebeds and anoxic events; Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, O’Connell, S., The unknown giants – low- Palaeoecology, v. 170, p. 261–289, https:// permeability shallow gas reservoirs of doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00259-0. southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, Canadian Society of Exploration Schultz, L., Tourtelot, H., Gill, J., and Geophysicists Convention, 2002, Calgary, Boerngen, J., 1980, Composition and accessed on September 25, 2019, at: properties of the Pierre Shale and equivalent https://cseg.ca/assets/files/resources/ rocks, northern Great Plains region, USGS abstracts/2003/105S0127.pdf Professional Paper 1064, http://pubs.usgs. gov/pp/1064b/report.pdf. Payenberg, T., Braman, D., and Miall, A., 2003, Depositional environments St-Onge, A., 2017. A Late Cretaceous and stratigraphic architecture of the polygonal fault system in central North Late Cretaceous Milk River and Eagle America, Geological Society of America formations, southern Alberta and north- Bulletin, 129(5): B31582.1, DOI:10.1130/ central Montana: relationships to shallow B31582.1 biogenic gas, Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, V. 51(2), p. 155-176, St-Onge, A., 2019, Polygonal fault systems: doi: 10.2113/51.2.155. a seismogenic nature to their initiation?, in review. Pedersen, P. 2003. Stratigraphic relationships of Alderson (Milk River) strata between the Hatton and Abbey-Lacadena Pools, southwestern Saskatchewan–preliminary observations. In: Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Summary of Investigations 2003, Volume 1, p. 1–11, accessed on September 25, 2019, at: https://publications.saskatchewan. ca/#/products/4678
Ridgley, J., 2000, Lithofacies architecture of the Milk River Formation (Alderson Member of the Lea Park _Formation), southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta - its relation to gas accumulation; in Summary of lnvest1gat1ons 2000, Volume I, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Sask. Energy Mines, Misc. Rep. 2000- 4.1., accessed on September 25, 2019, at: http://publications.gov.sk.ca/redirect. cfm?p=5008&i=88590
Robinson Roberts, L., and Kirschbaum, M., 1995, Paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior of Middle North America: coal distribution and sediment accumulation, USGS Professional Paper 1561, US Government Printing Office, QE501.4. P3R63. http:// pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1561/report.pdf.
RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 15 TECHNICAL LUNCHEON
Using Multivariate Analysis to Optimize Development in Western Canadian Unconventional Resource Plays
SPEAKER one model. Identifying and deriving data Tyler Schlosser | McDaniel & Associates features that offer the most predictive and interpretive capability to is important Time: 11:30 am doors open in arriving at a model. Advantages and Date: November 20, 2019 difficulties related to this workflow when Location: Hyatt Hotel, Imperial compared to more traditional reserves or development planning workflows are Ballroom 5/7/9, 700 Centre explored. Street SE, Calgary AB T2G 5P6 The challenges of model interpretation, CSPG member ticket price: $46.50+gst data dimensionality and correlation, Non-member ticket price: $55+gst integrating domain knowledge and Please note: The cut-off for ticket causal constraints, unexplained variance, sales is 4:00pm, November 13, 2019 model transparency and interpretability, and model application are discussed. ABSTRACT Progressing through the workflow from Predicting and optimizing production training to prediction to optimization performance, recovery and economics in is iterative and usually involves many large resource plays like the Montney and people. Applied workflow examples Duvernay requires integrating different and some findings from real projects for completion and field development types of information from a variety of done in the Montney and Duvernay optimization, performance prediction data sources. One of the most important are highlighted, including some field and a deeper understanding of the drivers sources of information to accomplishing development scenarios and economic of asset value and productivity. Tyler is this is a consistent and, hopefully, optimization results. also experienced in the technical and predictive geological model that provides economic evaluation of oil and gas reserves coverage across the entire play. A BIOGRAPHY and resources, probabilistic economic multivariate analysis workflow is outlined As Director of Business Intelligence at and commodity price forecasting, and risk which incorporates geospatial, geological, McDaniel & Associates, Tyler Schlosser modeling. fluid composition, completion, pad design applies his 16 years of machine learning and parent-child effect data together in experience to the oil and gas industry
16 RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 TECHNICAL LUNCHEON
Negative Emissions Technologies with Energy Production: Can Canada’s Oil & Gas Industry Help Reverse Climate Change?
SPEAKER Unfortunately, very few options for Steven Bryant | University of Calgary negative emissions are currently on the table. Society urgently needs more choices Time: 10:30-11:30am: geoLOGIC in order to allocate resources to greatest systems Holiday Social effect. The idea of coupling emerging 11:30am luncheon doors open technologies to capture CO2 from the atmosphere with familiar technologies Date: December 5, 2019 for injecting and producing fluids in Location: Fairmont Palliser, subsurface reservoirs is therefore quite Crystal Ballroom | 133 9th timely. This combination also addresses Avenue SW, Calgary AB T2P 2M3 many of the drawbacks of existing options.
CSPG member ticket price: $55.00+gst Canada has the resource base and Non-member ticket price: $65.00+gst technical expertise to handle the Please note: The cut-off for ticket subsurface technology and is home to the sales is 4:00pm, November 28, 2019 leading company that captures CO2 from the atmosphere. The “industry to deliver ABSTRACT the solution” can start right here. What is the role of the oil and gas industry in a future low-carbon world? Christiana BIOGRAPHY Figueres, the former executive secretary As UCalgary’s first Canada Excellence of the United Nations Framework Research Chair, Bryant leads an Convention on Climate Change, framed interdisciplinary research program in this question more starkly during the UN materials engineering for unconventional Climate Action Summit in September oil reservoirs. With a team of national 2019. She told a gathering of international and international collaborators, he is oil company CEOs they have the power bringing together advances in fields such “to either put a nail in the coffin of global as nanotechnology, novel materials and efforts [to mitigate climate change] or be microbiology to re-imagine how society the industry to deliver the solution.” can benefit from hydrocarbon resources with reduced environmental impact. In this talk I explain how the latter option To date this work has yielded more than is a very real possibility. Indeed, the oil a dozen inventions and four Startup and gas industry is uniquely positioned to companies. Previously he held the Bank of produce energy for which global markets America Centennial Professorship in the and infrastructure already exist, while Department of Petroleum and Geosystems simultaneously removing CO2 from the Engineering at the University of Texas at atmosphere – more CO2, in fact, than is Austin, where he directed the Geological released when consumers use the oil or CO2 Storage Joint Industry Project and the gas. Nanoparticles for Subsurface Engineering Industrial Affiliates Program. Bryant Negative Emissions Technologies came worked in industry research centers center stage in late 2018, as a series of in Europe for a decade before joining reports from the IPCC, Energy Frontiers academia. He has published 360+ times on Initiative, US National Academies et al. applications in production and reservoir concluded that avoiding emissions, for engineering and formation evaluation, example by capturing CO2 from flue gas, led major research initiatives involving is essential but no longer sufficient for industry partnerships and trained 140+ avoiding catastrophic climate change. graduate students and postdoctoral Now, and for many decades to come, we fellows. must also actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere.
RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 17 DIVISION TALKS
BASS TECHNICAL DIVISION TALK
The Sunset Prairie Formation: Insight on the Complexity of the Montney-Doig Boundary through the Integration of Sedimentology, Ichnology and Sequence Stratigraphy
SPEAKER and spiriferid brachiopods, terebratulid Fine-grained sand content, thickness of Carolyn Furlong | University of Alberta brachiopods, echinoderm spines and coarse-grained beds and bioturbation crinoid ossicles (which are quintessential intensity decrease with each proceeding Time: 12:00 pm components of the Middle Triassic fauna). parasequence. The result of this retrograde Date: Tuesday, November 5, 2019 stacking pattern and high net to gross sand in the lowermost parasequence produces Location: geoLOGIC Room (2nd Collectively, seven facies were identified and are ascribed to offshore, a “pseudo conventional” reservoir within Floor), Aquitaine Tower, 540- offshore transition and lower shoreface a dominantly tight sandstone/siltstone 5th Avenue S.W., Calgary depositional facies associations (Furlong interval. Elucidating the sequence et al., 2018b). Three shoaling-upward stratigraphic architecture allows for better ABSTRACT parasequences can be identified through prediction of potential reservoir intervals The Sunset Prairie Formation is a newly upward increases in grain size (up to very to optimize hydrocarbon recovery within named Middle Triassic formation in the fine-grained sandstone), bioturbation the Sunset Prairie Formation. Western Canada Sedimentary Basin and intensity and trace fossil size. Additionally, is found mainly in northeastern British a Glossifungites-demarcated discontinuity References Columbia (Furlong et al., 2018a). Sitting above surface and/or conglomeratic lag Furlong, C.M., Gingras, M.K., Moslow, the Montney Formation (one of Canada's deposit is observed at the base of each T. and Zonneveld, J-P. 2018a. The Sunset most important unconventional reservoir parasequence. The retrogradational Prairie Formation: Designation of a new intervals), the Sunset Prairie Formation stacking pattern of parasequences suggests Middle Triassic formation between the has the potential to contribute valuable an increase in relative sea level during Lower Triassic Montney Formation and hydrocarbon resources to wells drilled into deposition. The formation is bound by Middle Triassic Doig Formation in the Triassic horizons. This study incorporates unconformities. The lower unconformity Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. sedimentological and ichnological truncates the underlying Montney Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, characteristics of the Sunset Prairie Formation Formation. The upper unconformity, at v. 66, p. 193-214. to construct a sequence stratigraphic the base of the Doig phosphate zone, framework to understand depositional truncates the Sunset Prairie Formation Furlong, C.M., Gegolick, A., Gingras, M.K., dynamics and basin evolution. All of this is and, to the east, incises into the Montney Hernandez, P., Moslow, T., Prenoslo, D, useful for evaluating and predicting reservoir Formation. Two sequence stratigraphic Playter, T. and Zonneveld, J-P. 2018b. distribution and exploration potential of the frameworks are proposed for the Sunset Sedimentology and Ichnology of the Sunset Prairie Formation. Prairie Formation. The first interprets Middle Triassic (Anisian) Sunset Prairie the formation to represent lowstand Formation of the Western Canada The Sunset Prairie Formation is lithologically, systems tract during deposition of the Sedimentary Basin. Bulletin of Canadian ichnologically and paleontologically distinct lowermost parasequence, which is capped Petroleum Geology, v. 66, p. 215-236. from underlying and overlying strata. The by a maximum regressive surface; the formation consists of interbedded light overlying two parasequences represent BIOGRAPHY gray, pervasively bioturbated sandstone the transgressive systems tract. The second Carolyn Furlong recently received her and dark gray, diminutively bioturbated model interprets the entire formation to PhD in geology from the University of to non-bioturbated siltstone. Trace fossils represent a transgressive systems tract. Alberta. Her thesis focused on naming and within the unit include Asterosoma, Each model has strengths and flaws describing the Sunset Prairie Formation. Chondrites, Cylindrichnus, Diplocraterion, associated with its interpretation. Her previous research has focused on Helminthopsis, Palaeophycus, Phycosiphon, understanding the interplay between Planolites, Rhizocorallium, Rosselia, Scolicia, Regardless of which model is favoured, geology and biology within both modern Skolithos, Teichichnus, Thalassinoides and the retrogradational nature of the and ancient settings. Carolyn holds a B.Sc. Zoophycos. Paleontological assemblages parasequences cause the lowermost in earth science education from the State include bivalves, gastropods, lingulid parasequence to exhibit the thickest University of New York College at Cortland brachiopods (which all occur within packages (up to 7 meters) of pervasively and a M.Sc. in geology from the University the Montney and Doig Formations), bioturbated, very-fine grained sandstone. of Alberta.
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INTERNATIONAL DIVISION TALK
Driving Overland From Alaska To Argentina: A Grand Adventure SPEAKER Tom Feuchtwanger. P.Geol.
Time: Doors open at 11:30am Date: Wednesday, December 11, 2019 Location: Bottlescrew Bill’s Pub Calgary, 140, 10 Avenue SW, Calgary AB T2R 0A3 ABSTRACT After circumnavigating Africa overland independently, my wife Janet, and I struggled to settle back into our suburban middle-class lifestyle. We missed the adventures and adrenaline rushes. As a result, we built a ruggedized customized camper, sold our home, said goodbye to our sons and friends and in July 2010 and set off to drive from Prudhoe Bay Alaska, the most northerly driveable point in North America to Ushuaia Argentina, the most share some of the highlights, humorous was appointed VP Expl. at CS Resources, southerly driveable town in the world. and scary events, inspirational encounters a Western Canadian junior heavy oil We covered 65,000kms over a 18 month and mind-broadening encounters. producer. CS Resources pioneered the period traversing Canada, the USA, Mexico, applications of many technical innovations Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, For those of you considering or dreaming and reservoir development technologies Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Columbia, of undertaking such a road trip, this such as horizontal drilling and SAGD. Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay presentation will hopefully inspire you to Subsequent to CS being acquired in and Chile. In 2019 we returned to Ushuaia take the leap and do it! For those do not 1997, Thomas worked in senior executive and sailed to Antarctica. have that desire or circumstances which positions in several junior international allow you to do it, this presentation is an and Canadian companies including; This presentation will give you a sense opportunity to live vicariously through our President, CEO, Director Largo Petroleum of the landscapes, history, cultures, stories and experiences. Inc., VP Expl. Encounter Energy Inc., experiences and challenges of this classic Business Manager and New Ventures IFPT Pan-American overland journey. Driving Would we do it again? In a heartbeat. Canada Inc., President, COO, Director our own vehicle allowed us to wander off Vecta Energy Inc. and President, CEO, the beaten path, to stay a while or move BIOGRAPHY Director PetroMaroc Corporation Plc. on. It was a grand adventure. As well as Thomas Feuchtwanger graduated with Thomas remains actively involved in the seeing many of the famous tourist sites a Bachelor of Science (Hons) from international upstream sector through his and landmarks such as Machu Pichu and the University of the Witwatersrand in consulting practice XploreNow Inc and Iguazu falls we drove the backroads, the Johannesburg, South Africa in 1973. He CanAfrica Resource Consultants. Dalton Highway, the Carretera Austral of began his exploration career as a mineral Chile, Route 40 etc. We explored Patagonia, exploration geologist in Southern Africa. witnessed volcanic eruptions, and their In 1979 Thomas immigrated to Canada resulting devastation. We camped on the where he worked for 12 years at Gulf Salar de Uyuni the immense salt flats of Canada Resources Inc. Here he earned Bolivia avoiding the drug runners of the positions of increasing responsibility night. We stumbled into billionaires’ hide including Chief Geologist, Exploration way village, hiked through the Amazon Manager for Western Canada, and Business jungle and discovered nature’s wonder Unit manager for Gulf’s non-operated here and in many other wild places. We will tertiary EOR production. In 1992, Thomas
RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 19 TECHNICAL ARTICLE
GEOTHERMAL DIVISION TALK
Subsurface Characterization Methods For Multilateral Closed-Loop Geother- mal Systems. Case Study of Field Scale Technology Demonstration Project in Alberta, Canada.
SPEAKER transfer through rock and high drilling costs course for industry professionals and Jeanine Vany | Eavor of multilateral wells. Eavor Loop is a novel spearheaded new business initiatives for the closed loop system addressing these issues firm in unconventional resource plays. Time: 12:00 pm through the drilling of long, closed loop Date: Wednesday, multilateral wells in sedimentary basins. Jeanine holds an Honours B.Sc degree in November 27, 2019 This system can produce heat and power at Geology and Environmental Studies from temperatures between 100 and 180 degrees Saint Mary’s University and a Business Location: geoLOGIC Room (2nd Celsius. Essentials Certificate from the Haskayne Floor), Aquitaine Tower, 540- School of Business, University of Calgary. 5th Avenue S.W., Calgary This talk will demonstrate:
ABSTRACT • Standard geological and geophysical work The production of heat and electricity from flows for oil and gas prospecting can be geothermal energy is an old concept and has applied in closed loop geothermal settings been around since the early 1900’s. However, for the determination of geothermal many geothermal projects are plagued by gradient, permeability and rock type high up-front exploration costs and have financing difficulty because of the geological • The potential for scalability in sedimentary risk, namely low permeability, and many do basins across the globe not make it past the exploration phase. To solve these issues technologies such as hydro • Overview of the Eavor Lite Pilot near Sylvan shearing and production from hot dry rocks Lake, Alberta are pursued. Historically geothermal energy is produced from high capacity aquifers. Novel/Additive Information Recently the concept of production from enhanced geothermal systems through hydro • Implications for reduction in exploration shearing tighter aquifers or production from costs and the overall bankability of early hot dry rock is growing in popularity. Hydro- stage geothermal projects shearing is often met with uncertainty by local stakeholders because it is perceived as BIOGRAPHY fracking on the scale of that of the oil industry. Jeanine Vany is an APEGA registered Drilling into hot dry rock involves drilling professional geologist with a career spanning deep and costly wells into plutonic rocks over 15 years in the oil and gas industry. and has, in some instances, caused induced Her experience ranges from reservoir seismicity. characterization, drilling and operations to full field delineation strategies, asset The concept of producing geothermal energy management, and acquisition. Ms. Vany has from true multilateral closed loop systems, spent her career at foremost E&P companies whereby there is zero interaction with the such as EnCana, Devon and Total. She joined formation seeks to solve the problem of GLJ Petroleum Consultants in 2012, where permeability risk and avoids the negative she led the geoscience aspects of in-situ association to fracking and does not involve reserves and resource evaluations in addition ultra deep drilling into plutonic rocks. to working deep basin unconventional plays. With a passion for people, projects and Closed loop systems extract heat through technology development, Ms. Vany led GLJ’s the process of conduction which has first oil sands technology panel, created and challenges such as limited conductive heat taught GLJ’s In-Situ Resource and Reserves
20 RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 TECHNICAL ARTICLE
PALAEONTOLOGICAL DIVISION TALK
In addition to the main presentation by Mark Powers and Matthew Rhodes, Daegan Kovacs will provide a brief presentation. Discovering Mary Anning’s Jurassic Coast
SPEAKER contains a mostly continuous rock strata animals inhabited almost 200 million years Daegan Kovacs is a grade 11 home- spanning 185 million years of the Mesozoic, ago. I hope you enjoy Discovering Mary schooled student partnered with Willow and shows how the environment changed Anning's Jurassic Coast. Home Education and is an active member over that time. It spans a distance of 154km with the Alberta Palaeontological Society. from East Devon to East Dorset along BIOGRAPHY England's southern shores. It is well known Daegan Kovacs is a homeschooled student Time: 7:30pm for its incredible cliffs and equally amazing partnered with Willow Home Education. Date: Friday, November 15, 2019 fossils. I will focus on the 2 fossil sites that He is currently working towards a diploma, Location: Mount Royal I visited, one at Charmouth and the most finishing off his core grade 11 courses such famous one at Lyme Regis where none as Physics 20, Math 20-1, and English 20- University, Room B108 other than Mary Anning lived. I visited 1. His learning has taken him to natural museums at each site including a museum history museums in Drumheller, Bozeman, ABSTRACT named after Anning, and I will also speak San Diego, Nebraska, and London, England I travelled to England in the spring of 2018, about just who Ms. Anning actually was and as well as to sites in Western North America and while on vacation I went to the Jurassic some of the challenges she faced. Finally I and, as mentioned above, the Jurassic Coast Coast, a UNESCO world heritage site. It will speak about how different the fossils in England. His interests include vertebrate was designated under UNESCO because, of the Jurassic Coast are compared to most palaeontology, entomology, and zoology. despite being called the Jurassic Coast, it of Alberta's fossils, as was the world these SAVE THE DATE
August 15 19, 2021 | Banff Centre | Banff, AB, Canada
RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 21 TECHNICAL ARTICLE
PALAEONTOLOGICAL DIVISION TALK
Description of the first unequivocal dinosaur trackway from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation near Morrin, AB
SPEAKER rocks and therefore are more resistant to Born in Calgary Alberta and grew up in Mark Powers and Matthew Rhodes the effects of weathering. The Horseshoe Eckville Alberta. Passion for palaeontology Authors: Mark Powers1, Stephen Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada, has came from concurring his fear of dinosaurs Mendonca2, Matthew Rhodes1, Ryan produced a number of footprints of various at a young age after his mother took him to Wilkinson1, Matthew Pruden2, Philip dinosaur groups. However, these footprints see Jurassic Park in theatres at the tender Currie1 and Gregory Funston1 are often isolated, too incomplete to identify age of two. Despite a general interest possible track makers, or restricted to a pair in animals, he has always come back to 1. Department of Biological Sciences, of footprints. In 2017, a University of Alberta dinosaurs as the centre of his infatuation. University of Alberta team discovered the first unequivocal His particular interests focus around dinosaur trackway in the Morrin member predator-prey relationships with an inkling 2. Department of Earth and Atmospheric of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, near toward the predator side of the equation. Sciences, University of Alberta Morrin Alberta. Upon finishing highschool, his son, Adam Brozny-Powers was born. Mark took a few Time: 7:30pm The trackway is comprised of concretionary years off school, working and raising his son Date: Friday, November 15, 2019 casts of large tridactyl footprints. The before going back to pursue his dream of Location: Mount Royal preservation of the footprints is so detailed palaeontology. During his undergraduate that skin impressions are preserved on degree he served as an executive member of University, Room B108 several of the footprints. The underside the University of Alberta Palaeontological of one collected footprint even shows Society for a year and then two more during ABSTRACT evidence of invertebrate burrows through his master’s degree. He completed his Animal behaviour can be inferred from the cast of the heel. Three footprints are undergrad, specialization in paleontology, the traces they leave behind. This is true in series with alternating morphologies with distinction at University of Alberta for modern and extinct animals as their indicative of a left-right relationship, and started a master’s in 2017 with Dr. traces can be captured in the fossil record. suggesting a single individual track maker. Philip Currie, studying the snouts of These trace fossils are referred to as Other footprints were found at the site dromaeosaurid ‘raptor’ dinosaurs and their ichnofossils, and a variety of behaviours but cannot be confidently identified as biogeographical significance. can be represented by ichnofossils belonging to the same track maker, or a including, feeding, mating, burrowing, different individual. Many of the footprints Matthew Rhodes – BSc Paleontology, MSc and movement. Ichnofossils representing identified at the site are small, arcuate Systematics and Evolution dinosaur behaviour are most commonly casts which are similar to the footprints represented by footprints which give of the forefoot previously described for Born in Calgary Alberta and grew up in us indicators for locomotion and social hadrosaurs. This in combination with Nanton Alberta. Matthew has always behaviours. Footprints are preserved large, tridactyl pedal footprints, strongly had a sharp mind and an interest in when extinct animals step into soft suggests the track maker was a large pursuing knowledge. Like many children, substrates that morph around the track hadrosaur dinosaur. Given our knowledge dinosaurs offered a world of fascination makers foot. When this substrate hardens of the hadrosaurs which lived during this that enticed his imagination and inspired quickly, and is subsequently buried, it can time the track maker is most likely one of him to pursue science. He was involved in become lithified in the rock record to be three hadrosaur genera; Edmontosaurus, scouts where he developed his wilderness discovered later. The most common form of Hypacrosaurus, or Saurolophus. The skills as well as an appreciation for the preservation is depressions, that are molds spacing and orientation of the footprints natural world. He worked for several of the trackmakers feet, preserved on large suggests the animal was walking in a years at the Aviation museum in Nanton concreted slabs of rock. An alternative paleo north direction which may have as an interpreter and even appeared in a preservation, less commonly reported implications for migration hypotheses short film depicting World War II pilots in on, are natural casts of the track maker’s previously proposed for hadrosaurs. action. After highschool Matthew began feet. These occur when the animal leaves his undergraduate degree at the University the impression of its foot and this mold Biographies of Alberta where he spent several years in is then infilled with a sediment. During Mark Powers – BSc Paleontology, MSc the University of Alberta Palaeontological lithification it is the infills which become student Society as an executive member, joined a more concreted than their surrounding dodgeball team within Lister residence and
22 RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 TECHNICAL ARTICLE
acted as a residence assistant throughout most of his four years in lister, all while still graduating with honours from his undergrad in palaeontology in 2016. He then went on to complete a master’s in systematics and evolution with Dr. Philip Currie. His thesis focused on hindlimb reconstruction of coelurosaurian theropods and inferences on locomotion.
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RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 23 DIVISION TALKS
STRUCTURAL DIVISION TALK
“Foldastic” and “Faultastic” Deformation Features at the Base of the Lewis Thrust Sheet in the Kananaskis Area
LEADER panel gets at its steepest for this portion Normand Bégin, (Nanook Geo-Exploration of the Lewis Range examined, duplexes Inc.) and ramp anticlines are common. Thrust faults have m’s to 10’s m of displacement Time: 12.00 pm with a NE sense of displacement. Multiple Date: Thursday, November 7th, 2019 detachment horizons are present in the Location: Province Rooms (2nd thinly laminated carbonaceous units, with faulted offsets on thickly and massive Floor), Schlumberger Canada carbonate layers. The basalmost part of 200, 125 - 9th Ave SE Calgary the Lewis Thrust hangingwall section, on the backside (NE) of the summits, display ABSTRACT folded units with the interlimb angle typical The Lewis Thrust Fault extends over 450 km of a tight to almost isoclinal geometry. C-S in mapped view length, from the Rockies fabrics (top to the NE) in cataclasites are in Montana to the Southern Canadian observed in thinly laminated interbeds. Cordillera, where it dies into folded carbonate beds of the Mississippian- Collectively, those structures described age Rundle Group at Mount Kidd in the above could represent a broad strain Kananaskis Area. South of Mount Kidd and gradient from higher up to lower down in commercial hydrocarbon discoveries in along the Highway 40, the thrust juxtaposed the basal part of the Lewis Thrust Sheet in thrust-fold belts of the Canadian Rockies steeply SW-dipping (50-70 degrees) the Kananaskis Area. The folds, detachment Foothills, Llanos Foothills of Columbia, carbonaceous units of the Rundle Group and other shear-related structures would Zagros Belt of Kurdistan. For the last four in the hangingwall, against also steeply have been passively tilted to the SW, as years with Repsol Canada, he worked on SW-dipping clastic units of Mesozoic-age a result of motion on the easterly and projects in Papua New Guinea, Russia, in the footwall. Although complex folding underlying major imbricates like the Rundle Algeria and Bolivia. Since the late 1990’s, is somewhat visible in the hangingwall, and Misty thrust sheets. Further south in he has led several structural geology trips when driving by the highway and looking the Lewis Range such as Little Highwood for the industry Alberta, Kurdistan and up to the various summits of the Lewis Pass, the hangingwall section structurally Australia. Range, hiking and scrambling up peaks and above the Jurassic units consists mainly of ridges reveal far more spectacular views of a SW-dipping homocline in Mississippian the deformation features in the basal part units, with a much thinner sheared package of the Lewis Thrust Sheet. In the summer above the thrust. of 2019, several named and unnamed summits from King Ridge and northward to BIOGRAPHY Opal Ridge South were climbed, capturing Normand graduated with a BSc in a series of photos that outline a range of Geological Engineering at Laval University complex deformation features in the Lewis in 1985, then completed a Ph.D. in Geology Thrust Sheet, otherwise not present further at Queen’s University in 1989. He worked south along the Lewis Range in the vicinity as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Highwood Pass. of Calgary (1990-1992), then in mining exploration in the NWT for 2 years as a Heading from the Highway 40 and structural geologist and field mapper. northeastward to about three quarters of the He worked with the Foothills Research way up those summits, in the structurally Project (U of C) from 1994 to 1996, before highest levels of the Lewis Sheet, a train joining Talisman Energy as an exploration of broad open folding (100’s meters in geologist and structural specialist in various wavelength) with essentially no faulting is deformed belts around the world. Along observed. Higher up towards the summits with his teammates, he has successfully and structurally lower where the deformed geosteered over 50 wells with several
24 RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 DIVISION TALKS
STRUCTURAL DIVISION TALK
The Effects of Mechanical Anisotropy on the Development of an Orogenic Wedge
SPEAKER the wedge can be gained. Malcolm A. Lamb, Geosciences Manager Shale Petroleum Ltd. Field data (fracture orientations, bedding orientations, bedrock maps, and hammer Time: 12:00 pm seismic data), were combined with Date: Thursday, December 5, 2019 subsurface data (well log, seismic and Location: Province Rooms (2nd aeromagnetic data) to interpret the anisotropy and structures at the leading Floor), Schlumberger Canada edge of the orogenic wedge in the Southern 200, 125 - 9th Ave SE Calgary Canadian Rocky Mountains. The data indicate that strength anisotropy influences ABSTRACT the development and geometry at the The development of an orogenic wedge is a leading edge of the orogenic wedge. complex process that reflects the interaction of many components and rates. One of BIOGRAPHY these components, mechanical anisotropy, Malcolm has operated a private consulting is present in all bedded sedimentary rocks, practice in Calgary completing various and understanding its influence on the projects locally and internationally and development of the orogenic wedge is teaching field courses. He has also been important due to its influence on failure Geoscience Manager for Shale Petroleum geometry. By examining the structures at for the past 6 years. Before starting his the leading edge of an orogenic wedge with consulting practice, he spent over 20 years respect to the orientation of the mechanical at Schlumberger in a variety of technical anisotropy relative to the principal stress roles. Malcolm holds PhD from University directions, insight into the development of of Calgary.
2019 Membership Renewal
Make sure your membership is paid and up to date to ensure discounts at upcoming CSPG events and Conferences!
RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 25
2019 Membership Renewal
Make sure your membership is paid and up to date to ensure discounts at upcoming CSPG events and Conferences!
2019 Membership Renewal
Make sure your membership is paid and up to date to ensure discounts at upcoming CSPG events and Conferences! DIVISION TALKS
STRUCTURAL DIVISION TALK
Late Mesozoic Reactivation of the Snowbird Tectonic Zone and its Effects on Viking Formation Stratigraphic Architecture
SPEAKER Joarcam fields. At these producing fields, Sarah Schultz Geologist – Subsurface the Viking Formation is 20 – 30 m thick Geology & Geohazards, Alberta Geological and interpreted to have been deposited in Survey a low accommodation setting. Between the fields (and lying within the STZ), however, Time: 12:00 pm an anomalously thick (45 – 60 m) deltaic Date: Thursday, December 5, 2019 unit is preserved, recording the creation of Location: Province Rooms (2nd accommodation along depositional strike attributed to subtle differential subsidence Floor), Schlumberger Canada of the underlying Paleozoic carbonates 200, 125 - 9th Ave SE Calgary and Mesozoic siliciclastic units associated with basement reactivation. The timing of ABSTRACT such readjustments are well expressed by The Paleoproterozoic Snowbird Tectonic the progressive distortion of stratigraphic Zone (STZ) is a basement structure that datums internal within the Viking Fm. The was reactivated during the evolution second architecture occurs adjacent to the of the Western Canada Sedimentary SE fault margin of the STZ. There, the Viking Basin (WCSB). The STZ is a fault zone records the concurrent accumulation of in the western Canadian Shield that transgressive and regressive sedimentary trends southwest through central Alberta successions, manifest as lateral to the Cordilleran deformation front. juxtaposition of stratal packages showing Brittle faults associated that parallel this retrogradational and progradational basement structure have propagated stacking patterns, respectively. The resulting up into the overlying Paleozoic and stratal architecture demonstrates marked Mesozoic sedimentary cover, affecting the diachroneity of the maximum flooding Octavian Catuneanu, University of Alberta distribution of sedimentary environments surface (MFS) separating the transgressive as well as resulting stratal architectures. In systems tract from the highstand systems BIOGRAPHY the late Albian, the convergence of terranes tract. Sarah Schultz currently works as a geologist with the western margin of the North for the Alberta Geological Survey and is American craton led to the reactivation Incorporating the effects that basement focusing on the mapping of Triassic units in and subsequent differential subsidence reactivation imposed on the Viking west-central Alberta. within the STZ. During deposition of is integral to resolving the complex the Viking Formation, shorelines record depositional geometries that are present Sarah obtained her BSc Specialization significant along-strike variability in across the STZ. The fact that convergence Geology in 2014 from the University of orientation as a result of this tectonic of allochthonous terranes along the Alberta. She is nearing completion of her reactivation. Additionally, marked changes western margin of the North American PhD at Simon Fraser University, which in the thickness at different intervals craton occurred throughout Mesozoic focuses on creating a sequence stratigraphic of the Viking point to local changes in and Paleogene time suggests that other framework for the Viking Formation in accommodation space associated with formations may have been similarly central Alberta. The results of her PhD the STZ, complicating the recognition and influenced. Results of this study underscore thesis have been published in 2 journal correlation of stratigraphic surfaces in the the importance of recognizing the articles and presented at 8 conferences. study area. relationships between basement tectonics and stratal evolution of sedimentary Two conspicuous sequence stratigraphic systems that is key to resolving complex architectures have resulted due to stratigraphic architectures. this tectonic activity and concomitant differential subsidence. The first occurs Co-Authors of the Paper: James A. along the lowstand paleoshoreline trend MacEachern, H. Daniel Gibson, and Shahin preserved between the Judy Creek and E. Dashtgard, Simon Fraser University;
26 RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 GEOCOMMUNITY
GEOWOMEN LUNCHEON TALK
An Energetic Leader
SPEAKER Houston worked for Shell on both onshore Jen Russel-Houston and offshore projects where she developed expertise in reservoir evaluations, thermal Time: 12:00 pm production geology, and leading technical Date: Tuesday, November 26, 2019 teams. As Vice President, Geoscience and Location: geoLOGIC Room (2nd Land she oversees Osum’s geoscience evaluations as they relate to current assets Floor), Aquitaine Tower, 540- and guides the assessment of future 5th Avenue S.W., Calgary potential opportunities of interest to Osum. Dr. Russel-Houston is an active ABSTRACT member of APEGA and is the President Join GeoWomen of Calgary & the CSEG Elect of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Mentorship program for a presentation by Geologists. Jen is most content exploring Jen Russel-Houston, VP of Geoscience and the mountains with her husband and her Land at Osum and CSPG President-Elect. two boys, who accommodate her frequent Come and hear Jen’s story about her path stops to hunt fossils and look at outcrops. to success in the Petroleum Industry. Gain inspiration and insight into the choices, DIVISION INFORMATION attitudes and so much more that led Dr. For more information on GeoWomen of Russel-Houston to where she is now. Calgary, please visit www.geowomen.org
Free Event - Bring your lunch and questions GeoWomen of Calgary is a GeoCommunity - Everyone is welcome! of the CSPG www.cspg.org
BIOGRAPHY GeoWomen of Calgary is a member of Dr. Jen Russel-Houston, VP of Geoscience AWSN www.awsn.org and Land at Osum. Maximum word count for division abstract, Prior to joining Osum in 2008, Dr. Jen Russel- biography and information- 600 words
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2019 CSPG CLASSIC GOLF June 19, 2019 Elbow Springs Golf Club
On the morning of June 19, 2019 most of us woke up to a drenching downpour however by tee off time at 8 AM the rain had stopped and allowed the tournament to proceed as scheduled interrupted only sporadically by short periods of scattered showers.
Since 2014 the Classic has been changed to a 27-hole tournament made of three 9-hole matches using 3 different formats: individual, alternate shot and 2-person best ball. Players may register as a team or individually. There is a lunch break between match 2 and match 3 which allows for a time of networking and renewing friendships. It was conceived as an opportunity for sponsors to invite clients and spend the day in a social setting away from the business environment. Under the current regime the tournament can only accommodate 72 registrants.
The following is a list of the winners of the 9 flights:
Flight # Flight Name Flight Sponsor Flight Winning Team Flight 1 Paskapoo Little Rock Printing Mike Bell ; David Nordin Flight 2 Brazeau geoLOGIC Systems John Murray ; Brian Fyke Flight 3 Wapiabi MJ Systems Darren Hiscott; Nash Hayward Flight 4 Bighorn BMO Capital Markets Colin Thiessen; Richard Chisholm Flight 5 Blackstone ProGeo Consultants Daryl Curtis; Jeff Dutchak Flight 6 Mountain Park Continental Laboratories Ltd Colby Ruff ; Keith Raskob-Smith Flight 7 Rocky Mountain Chinook Consulting Services Deno Adams ; Foon Der Flight 8 Palliser AGAT Laboratories Ron Hill; David ; Middleton Flight 9 Pre Cambrian Typhoon Energy Ltd Bob Earle; Darren Lazaruk
Other trophies awarded are as follows: • The team judged to have the most fun: Jocelyn Frankow and Jacey Neumann wins the Bainbridge Trophy • The person judged to embody the spirit of the CSPG Classic: Rick Barlett wins the Quinn Memorial Trophy
The Classic Golf Tournament thanks the 2019 Sponsors:
Diamond Emerald Gold Silver AGAT Laboratories Chinook Consulting Belloy Consulting Cordax Evaluation Technologies geoLOGIC Systems Typhoon Energy MJ Systems Continental Labs Little Rock Printing PROGEO Consultants Pason Systems Keitech Consulting Weatherford RBC Securities Rockwell Consulting BMO Capital Markets Geo-Steering Solutions
Winners of the Paskapoo Flight: David Nordin Winners of the Bainbridge Trophy: Jocelyn Frankow Winner of the Quinn Memorial Trophy: Rick and Mike Bell and Jacey Neumann Bartlett
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2019 – CSPG MIXED GOLF 30TH ANNIVERSARY TOURNAMENT By David Middleton & Brenda Pearson 2019 co-chairs, CSPG Mixed Golf Committee
The 30th Annual CSPG Mixed Golf We recognize how our great sponsors (David Clyde), the rounds of golf donated tournament was held 23 August without came through for this year, and we by XRF Solutions (Thomas Weedmark) the usual smoke obscured skies and appreciate each and every one of and Rockhound Advisory Corp (Tyler torrential rain that usually plagues our them. The on-course beverage cart was Tolton-Ropchan), the golf bag from Rigsat tournament. I think all the golfers were in sponsored by geoLOGIC Systems, who (Terry Phillips), gift cards from Enersoft shock as the cool winds and clouds gave provided much appreciated drinks and (Stan Cena) and the always popular Belloy way to sunshine and short sleeve weather food throughout the course. All teams Petroleum Consultants (Brian Fyke) cooler to make the tournament a complete hit enjoyed a hot breakfast provided by AGAT filled with beer. with all the attendees. We are pleased to Laboratories, rode in golf carts sponsored report an increase in participation, with by Chinook Consulting Services, and During the delicious steak banquet dinner, 100 golfers attending, and the smiles and benefited from visiting hospitality tents sponsored by McDaniel & Associates good times should help ensure lots of and skill/challenge contests provided by Consultants, teams relived the good returning golfers in 2020. the ProGEO $10,000 hole in one and beat times and the missed shots that could the hack for Flames game tickets(James have put them in contention. In the end, The team low net trophy and tournament Ablett/Lisa Stickle) on hole #5, RPS Group the members, guests, sponsor players winner was the team of Karl Mirotchnik, Spin the wheel and KP on #8, and the AGAT and representatives enjoyed a great day Scott Rayner, Clayton Thompson & Josh Laboratories Hole-in-One contest on #17. catching up with colleagues, making new Townsend. The low gross score trophy Prize holes were additionally sponsored friends, and succeeded in delivering $2260 was taken by the team of Justin Besplug, by Belloy Petroleum Consulting, Chinook to support the CSPG Foundation. Brian Ard, Randy Smith and Thomas Consulting Services, Birchcliff Energy and Weedmark, and the Spirit Award “fossil MJ Systems. We certainly appreciated the I would like to thank the many sponsors, coprolite” trophy went to the most honest prize donations of two sets of clubs, travel golfers, and the greens-keeping, pro shop team of Scott Erickson, Lori Moores, Maria bag, and wine & gift card by Typhoon and catering team at Lynx Ridge Golf Neuwirth and Tom Sneddon. Energy (Foon Der), the framed print and course and especially the fine organizing golf balls donated by Hawk Machine Works committee of co-chair Brenda Pearson
Thank you to our 2019 Mixed Golf Sponsors GOLD SILVER
HOLE PRIZE DONORS Printing provided by: Enersoft Hawk Machine Works Rockhound Advisory Typhoon Energy Ltd. XRF Solutions
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Mixed Golf Low Net Team 2019 Mixed Golf High Gross Team 2019
(registration), Norm Hopkins (trophies), Jeff Boissonneault (sponsorship & signage), Rachel Lea (sponsorship), Darren Hiscott (teams) and Nash Hayward (course prizes) and our CSPG office support from Kristy Casebeer and Emma MacPherson. A big thank you to the geoLOGIC team and to ProGEO Consultants for all the pictures taken at the event. Hopefully, by the time this is published, all the pictures taken by various groups will be on the CSPG website.
Attending members and sponsors overwhelmingly expressed their enthusiastic support for continuation of the event, and we will plan for the tournament in 2020. We look forward to your attendance at next year’s tournament tentatively set for Friday, 21 August 2020 as we celebrate the 31st Annual tournament.
Geologic Sponsored Drink Cart
30 RESERVOIR ISSUE 6 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019
STUDENTS!
Did you know there is over $15,000 available in CSPG awards and scholarships?!
Please visit www.cspg.org/students for more information