karlonkaplon PACIFIC historical SOCIENSOCIEIY PROCEEDNSproceedings THIRD ANNUAL conference MPHMPHS 10 APRILk I1 L 1982

preslPRESIpresidentspresidentisDENTIS MESSAGE with this publication of the proceedings of the third MPHS conference and the anticipation of the fourth conference for 30 april 1983 it appears that our mormon pacific historical society is now definitely off the ground we are genuinely grateful to those loyal supporters who have stuck with us since the beginning and also those who have learned what it is we are about and have since joined forces with us ours is a great cause we hope to increase not only knowledge about the mormon church in the pacific nations but also pride in being associated with an activity about which there is still a great amount of ignoranceignoranceignorance ignorance which we through our MPHS may help dispel our theme for the 1982 conference make friends with the past suggests another reason for the study of historythathistory that it is just plain good fun to learn something so vital and interest ingng that can provide us with such great satisfaction if MPHS has helped in doing that we are most pleased many thanks to lance chase for chairing the conference and for compiling these proceedings his secretary yvonne lowe has also been a great help to us this past year at our business meeting this year we will be electing three new members to our executive council the council in turn will select the new officers for the coming year hopefully next year you will find a new name at the conclusion of the presidents message in the meantime its been fun best wishes kenneth baldridge president

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 1982851982831982 8583 kenneth baldridge president 1984 rex frandsen vice pres 1983 carl fonoimoana 1983 joseph spurrier treasurer 1983 ishmael stagner 1985 lance chase exec sec 1984 marvalee tahauri 1985 glenn lung 1984 leruth tyau 1985 indicates when term expires TABLE OF MMTSCONTENTS J elliot cameron remarks at mormon pacific historical so howard lowe WALTER MURRAY GIBSON RENEGADE OR SAINT former clety meeting president camerons first official act as chairman of acctacca dept univ of hawaii phd indiana the new president of BYU HC was to welcome the 1981 MPHS con univ author of A penny earned bookcraft and numerous ference attenders he continued what is hoped will become articles in accounting 41 a tradition by welcoming guests at the 1982 MPHS conference with the following message 1 marvalee tahauri MEMORIES OF ROSE NAAIEONO YOUNG former relief society president BYU HC graduate businesswoman a B shumway A TONGAN missionary JOURNAL HISTORY AS ANEC- mother of five and according to her husband marvelous eric wife 51 DOTE vice pres BYU HC phd univ of vir author of ton ga tongan code of laws 1850 intensive course in tongan ishmael stagner HAWAIIAN MUSIC AND DANCE SOME MORMON IN served LDS mission tonga 3 FLUENCES alsocassoc professor of education doctorate from BYU bishop of na fox CLIO AND CALLIOPE WRITING imaginative HISTORIES OF arizona state former organizer the CJ makua mahalo 62 THE PACIFIC formerly vice pres BYU EC chairman CIACLA di laia vision currently prof of english BYU director of BYU center for study of christian values in literature 12 inoke funaki THE EARLY beginnings OF THE MORMON CHURCH ON EUA RAPELANAPELA ISLAND TONGA paper not ready publication printing for at conjunction 1983 MPHS ned asl4ocassoc prof ed psych BYUHCBYU HC tongan LDS to in conjuction with the conference dr time alsoc first play napela was performed drama earn a doctoral degree bishop 2nd ward williams this original laie tells the story of the first hawaiian alii to become a mormon the book of mormon into hawaiian panel A most enjoyable part of the conference consisted of a later translated panel discussion memories of CCH 1955 57 by millie and ke- awe enos jackie chang elaine makaio and william montgomery glenn lung statistical GROWTH OF THE LDS CHURCH IN SAMOA AND TONGA former bishop and stake pres regional presentarepresentsrepresentaRe tive of the 12 administrative assist to the director for temporal affairs 20 the kekauoha sisters rahab au ruby enos bella lin kee popular laie singing group daughters of bishop poi kekauoha born and reared in laie 27 edward clissold assignmentkonaassignment eonaKONA 1921 presided over most of the hawaii LDS institutions including the oahu stake hawaii temple 3 times japanese mission both in japan and hawaii hawaii mission zionszion security as manager chairman of the bd of trustees of church college of HI dir of the polynesian cultural center 28 2

J ELLIOT cambronCAHLRONCAMERON radREMARKS1arksbarks AT ORMOHMORTION PACIFIC historical SOCIETY MEETING the words A schoolboy once wrote the biography of benjamin franklin in april 10 19821942 these words he was born in boston walked to philadelphia got married and aloha discovered electricity franklin however probably had about as many welcome episodes in his life as are found in the odyssey I1 arrived at this campus the evening before this meeting in 1980 my the episodes of our lives are those experiences that give life its color first official act was to greet you I1 am most pleased to be invited back interest purpose joy and reward we also have lots of episodes which we this year obtain through reading discovering living suffering enjoying and just I1 do not have great words of wisdom to impart this morning the older being one such episode has been recorded as follows I1 grow the more interest and concern I1 have about history ive never been to switzerland but imism told that thefollowingthe following prophesy homer the blind greek poet who lived nine centuries BC wrote two was made by lucius gratus a catholic priest in 1729 AD this along with great literary masterpieces one is call the iliad it is the story of some of hisbis other words may be found in the university library at basel switzeriaswitzerlaSwitzerlazeria the tenyeartelitellten year battle of ilium or troy the other is called the odyssey it was copied for us by samuel E bringhurst while he was on a mission there it has to do with the experiences of odysseus sometimes called ulysses in 1910 the oldtimeold time gospel and the gifts thereof are lost false during the ten years he and his soldiers required to traverse the doctrines prevail in every church in the world all we can do is to exhort 300 miles of islanddottedisland dotted sea between the battleground of troy and his people to be just and fear god shun evil and pray prayer and purity may home island of ithaca near greece cause an angel to visit a deep and depressed soul but I1X tell you in a the odyssey is 11000 lines long several centuries after it was written hundred years god will have spoken aristotle wrote a digest of it which was only 79 words in length it follows 411 I see a little band of people led by a prophet and faithful elders A certain man is awayfromaway from home for a number of years being closely persecuted burned and murdered but in a valley that lies on the shores of watched by poseidon and strippstrippedd of all his companions while his affairs a great lake they will grow and make a beautifulabeautiful land having a temple of at home are in such shape that his money is being squandered by wooers ofof magnificient splendor and they will also possess the priesthood of old his isife ifs artesnieni hishiphig son is babeingb0 plated against after being shipwrecked having teachers deaconsetcdeacons etc by a storm he arrives home makingmilking himself known to some and attacks the from every nation will the believers be gathered by speedy messengers mooerswooers with the result that he is saved and his enemies destroyed and then will god almighty speak to the disobedient with thunder and lightning that says aristotle is the real story of the odyssey all of the and destruction such as has never been heard of in history before rest of the story is merely episodes but what an exciting array of BYU InterinterhousingHousing bulletin 19641964y episodes they are and how thrillingly homer tells about them quoted from touyou who are heehere today to present papers will have obtained information sterling W sill from others who have recorded episodes I1 would hope that each of us is As aristotle did we might write the record of our own lives in 79 words recording information which might be used to enhance the work of future but alt1houalthoughah3h the storystony may be ralrrraixai alql the episodes would not ind meaning toI1 0 historians 3

robert lbuitouisabu s stevenson said that everyone should always carry with him at least two bocksbooks he shouldhaveshoulshoulddhavehave one book to read from and another book to write in as our two biggest problems probably come from not understanding and not remembering this problemisprobproblemistproblemlemisis so great that god himself seems to have given it a great deal of attention 4kiwkwheneverr nations have gone without scriptures for very long their faith and righrigheousnessrighteousnessbrigheousness havesoonhave soon slipped away one of the great tragedies of our livesisliverislivesilves is that scriptures titsitzit on shelves unopened when the lord has said and these wordsworde which I1 ccminndcommondcogmond thee this day shall be in thine heart andthouand thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children and shaltshallshailshait talk of them when thou sittertsittest in thine house and when thou walkistwalkest by the way and when thou liest down and when thou risestrinest up beutdeut 66766 7 today those of you who will present papers have already had a growing experience through preparation those of us who listen will have grown because you aleateare willing to share againaga in welcome to PUPYU hawaii may your day be oneffoneof long remembrance eric B shumwayShlimway in the first place thejournalthebhe journal is a product of a literary adolescent mormon pacific historical society conference talk saturday april 10 1982 who wrote most of it after he had been totally immersed in the tongan culture thinking and speaking only tongan for over two years the document is full HISTORY AS AN ANECDOTE of secondsecondlanguagelanguage interference what offends is more a lack of rhetorical my purpose today is toco discuss some experiences and events during aymy restraint than of truthful intent there is the twisted grammar the bloated mission in tonga 195919621959 1962 which from the perspective now of two decades style in which every noun is accompanied by a heavy adjective the unidimen- constituted certain rights of passage in my growth as a human being and a sional point of view in which the missionary seems to be the chief figure latterlatterdayday saint my material is taken largely from my missimissionaryonaryconary journal1 in a drama whose other characters stand vaguely in the wings coming to life typically what happened to me in tonga by way of an elevation of consciousness only when his oversized shadow passes over them there is too much interpreting and spiritual maturity is duplicated repeatedly in every mission of the church and not enough telling the irritating author intrusion on the subject the but perhaps there are some insights and aberrations which may interest a victimizing of true poignancy by overwrought description overlooking these church history in the pacific buff and which may offer up a footnote here matters of style one can find in the journal the cumulative testimony of or an anecdote there to validate a larger more compelling story and deep gratitude for the sustaining force of a heavenly fathers love at the outset I1 want to comment briefly 0onn my lovehatelove hate relationship there is proof that the weak things of god are made useful for his purposes with my missionary journal june 22 of this year marks the 20th anniversary and are blessed of my return from my mission to the tongan islands on three or four occasions my arrival in tonga was a rude and painful awakening to thespecialtheehe special as I1 recall during these two decades I1 have opened my journal each time requirements of a missionary in the tongan mission in myraymay minds eye tonga I1 have hastily closed the journal with feelings of chagrin and embarrassment wastwestwas someexoticsome exotic paradise inhabited by a sweet simple people As the old these negative feelings I1 suspect had something to do with my formal education passenger boat the tafuatofua glided cautiously toward the nukualofanukulalofa wharf in english literature and language since my mission I1 totemote my first response to the tongan islands 1 I thrill at the beauty with the opportunity to address this conference on the subject of my of this place we are passing many small islands close enough to see the missionary experiences I1 determined to read the journal straight through beaches and the palm trees silhouetted against the morning sky two or three without stopping to be critical or derogatoryderagatory I1 determined to suppress sailboats are scurrying afar to some island in ththecheechainchainchein 11 what peace any inclination to find fault with the writing and hold a straight face at little what serenity and what a change of point of view as just a few minutes later juvenile attempts to fathom the obvious this exercise has been valuable elder helquist my traveling companion and I1 were being jostled down the for I1 believe I1 have discovered the real value of this record as well as gangplank into a dock milling with a dark gibberishgibberishspeakingspeaking multitude the reasons why my critical sensibilities have been offended by it the suffocating stench of the wharf and the seeming indifference of the dock 4 3

of culturalculturalshockshock identitycrisisidentity crisis insufferable homesickness and despair workers the overwhelming humidity and a total communicabilitynoncommunicabilitynonnoncommunicabi lityilcy of the my emotional survival seemed so tentative that I1 had to be on my guard constantly tongan language made a deep and frightening impression on me to avoid reminders of how far away from home I1 was even the sight of a it was several minutes before we noticed a short pudgy manroanmoan in his early church magazine a be honest with yourself poster a church hewsnews could conjure 7037019dressed7019 dressed meticulously in white trousers and a greycoatgraycoatgrey coat dark glasses up feelings of hopelessness swinging an umbrella walking toward us As I1 recall president coombs was the tongans were very friendly but in my condition their friendship more business than warmth he announced to elder helquist that he would was frequently misinterpreted I1 was invited to a luau in HaahaiaheiahaapulouhalapulouHalahea pulou translated be the mission secretary for his entire mission it was a terrible disappoint clan of the shroud which featured bats baked whole in coconut milk and ment to elder helquist I1 was somewhat disappointed in not being given that wrapped in taro leaf I1 shall never forget opening the little bundle and assignment myself as palpable fears began to come over me as I1 contemplated staring at the grinning skull of a large bat known as the flying fox endless proselyting in such a primitive place my fears were exacerbateexacerbatedd by president streams of visitors came in unannounced to our missionary quarters of course coombs blunt announcement to me elder shumway you will be going out to they would want to practice their english it was several months before the bush early tomorrow you will be stationed out at mua and will be in I1 realized the tongans felt that the cure for homesickness is to be constantly charge at first of eight tongan missionaries dont stick your head in liahonaliaLlahona in the presence of friends for them there is no comfort in privacy many and dont you come down here toco nukualofanukulalofa until you can speak tongan weve of these visitors were tongans who had finished their ownmissionsown missions they not got room for you here were full of stories of the heroic exploits of former missionaries from zion no suddenly the hostility of the environment was exceededbyexceedexceedededbyby the hostility one will ever match john groberg or ah if only you could speak tongan of the mission president and there was no comfort in his declaration that likeelderlikeilke eldereider banks this constant praising of previous elders was hardly there were no tongan missionary lessons and no materials for learning the the appropriate antidote for a despairing elder consumed by the fear of failure language except the bible and the book of mormon I1 felt the first wave I1 attended my first public meeting with the saints two days after I1 of intense homesickness very similar to that disease elder W 0 faser described arrived As I1 sat in theche meeting looking at them they looking at me I1 in his journal after he arrived in tonga in 1906 when you get that kind asked myself why do they stare at me so without even smiling how will of homesickness you wish your mother hadnt had you I1 learn this nestmost impossible language and teach these stupid staring people the november ath9th entry in the journal concluded with tommorowTommorow I1 hit and missionaries I1 can see no romantic tropical beauty at all in my situa- the bush with my native companion vakapuna the language seems impossible tion ironically as I1 wept on the standfromstand from despair the people watching and never have I1 felt more need for the lord the next journal entry was weme wept because as several commented later they saw that I1 was touched made over three months later february 25 1960 by the spirit of the meeting the experiences of the first fburf6urebur weeks were described in the journal to make matters worse I1 was plagued by the insufferable smell of body toward the close of niymy mission in march 1962 they are full of typical instances 5 6

on legs and arms and by the constant oil which tonpanstongans apply liberally their little sermon far exceededmyexceedexceedededmymy deserts but ffromraftromm then on the tongan people make capa the whole village was one pounding of the mulberrymalberry bark to tapa cloth never failedf A lied to reward with praise and expressions of appreciation every made my for days I1 heard fn my huge percussion section that ears ring it stumbling efeffortfortforc I1 made to speak the language I1 gave that samsemsame talk every sleep sunday and many times in between adding a line here and a new exarexprexpressionessionassion tongan people were immensely friendly again to their creditcredic the there my spirit fed anon the compliments blaueoiaueolaue okulokucoku vave ene poto the me from beginning but they had no they hadahad a great dealofdealoedealdeai of love for the lesleaiea fakaaaka tonga my how fast he is learning to speak tongan unfortunately would make no relationship I1 was thether one pity they concessions in our whatwaswhalwhat was nourishing food to my wounded spirit in the beginning of my mission who ce behavior on my part was not tolerated had to change for them etaincertain became on occasion a dangerous indulgence of my vanity later on example the time I1 to wash mmy own clothes outside of our for first tried the triumphant little talk anon the first sunday did not cure my depression quarters I1 received a sharp reprimand from ana malohlfooumalohifolou the wife of the what did cure it was a special experience which I1 knew to be for the first tongan missionary who livedd in a tongan taletaiefalefaie behind the missionary tivelive little time in my life an unmistakable genuine i spirlspirtspiritualtualtuai communication it came 1 was my washing was a public apartmentapartmentament I made to understand that clothes as comfort inthein theche fourth week at a pointpaint of distress when feelings of worthless- to of the branch what will the nonmembers think of us insult the sisters branchwhat ness and humiliation were so intense I1 felt I1 could not continue as a missionary rictheytheychey from scrubbing own clothes I1 resisted briefly ictheyif see our eldereiderel der zion his there was no visitvisitationationo no thunderclap niyonlyanly a quiatquietqufet7 inexillcableinexplicable sweet trying to explain through my tongan companion vakapunaVak apuna aboutabout washandwearwashandwash and wear force penetrating my heart and making impressionsimpressionssesions on my mindinmind in words of clothing drip drying the need to be careful with delicate fabric it all promise that I1 could understand namely that I1 was acceptable before the came across as smugness on my part lord now thatthetchacchecchetichati I1 would16vewould iovelove these people as my own flesh that I1 would learn week I1 myself become a non person I1 desperately in that first felt fast to speak their tongue fluently and my words would be weetsweetsi and palatable wanted t6tato be I1ovedloved and accepted by these people ones selfselfsecuritysecurity often toco them in tturncurnarniurniI1 promisepromisedato&toto use the giffingiftingift in a singlemindejsinglemindedsingleroinded effort to depends on what people think of you I1 was feeling so bad about myself I1 testify of the truth of the gospel to as many people as might cross my path had no confidence the people felt positive toward me I1 was sure they were while this experience did not totally eliminate my homesickhomesicknessess sndand talking about me the raised eyebrows the snickers the frequent use of my occasional fears of failure I1 felt a surge of faith and energy I1 had the word salagi2alagipaipat apt the only word I1 could recognize the movement of people allael not quite felt before I1 went anon a language binge memorizing and retaining at will in and out of the missionary headquartersallheadquarters allailali became a form of tyranny asS high as seventyfiveseventy five new wordswordsw a day in the next few weeks I1 went through that increased my loneliness there was no way that I1 could establish selfselfworthworth a series of euphoric highs as the lord blessed my efforts including president without being able to speak the language I1 had to become fluent in the coombs announcement ataat a district conference five weeks after I1 had arrived tongan language this awareness was my immediate salvation I1 spent many in tonga that I1 had learned the language through and by the gift of tongues hours memorizing a threelinethreechree lintline talk and testimony which I1 gave the first sunday threelint the journal entry response to this compliment reads 111 I was filled at thatchatchetchabcheb iwaswas in tonga the positive acclaim I1 received from the people for that 7 8 time with the most real sense of appreciation to heavenly father for the of theche little leantolean to others lay heavily against the plaited walls from the outside the mat on which I1 sat was just a little island on spiritual help and gift I1 received that day for I1 had truly given all I1 the dirt floor four small children naked and dirty tugged at my white shirt yelling Palanpalangipaianpalenxi palangi white nanman white man had in energy study and practice which was a small percent but deune lord made up the rest suddenly thecheehe doorway was darkened by the intensityinmensityimmensity of the anthermolhermother wife protector and ruler of this tropical abode one roar from her the mastery of the language ofcourseof course was not immediate I1 was not was enough to shake the housesendinghouse sending the pigs chickens and children fleeing in every direction sweat streamed fromfro her masses as she scratched spared the humiliation experienced by many secondlanguagesecond language learners I1 made her gnarled and matted head it wasnt long before the prayer was said and I1 started the flannelflannelboardboard demonstration I1 was hot flea ridden my share of embarrassing mistakes one day I1 proclaimed to a group of well sticky and tired as I1 got into the lesson I1 started to bear testicestitestimonymony of the divinity of the gospel A peaceful inner warmth came into my wishers at a wedding celebration that the custom of kissing the bride after heart as I1 realized words were being puiputpucpue into my mouth by the spirit andaim they were being understood by thischis woman her eyes never left me the ceremony was similar in tonga and america unfortunately instead of her soul was hearing the message and I1 was impressed with these wordswords iain my mind this is just one of the many precious spirits of god who saying kiss I1 said circumcise another time when I1 was saying goodbye wantsto believe but who is bound by poverty and ignorance to a sweet lady we had taught I1 thought I1 was saying it is too bad that since that titimecimezimeme I1 have never really noticed the things I1 go through to reach certain individuals I1 have slept manyany times in dirty places we have to part what I1 actually said was it is lootoocoozoo bad that I1 must eaten bats the meat of dogs horses whales and jellyfish but whatever circumstance I1 have found myself in I1 asam so heavily rewarded by out- now be weaned from your breast pouringspourings of the spirit and of love for these people after thefirstthe first seven or eight weeks of strugstrugglebiesgletbieg prayer fasting work sometimes my fervor led to overconfidence andradandbadand bad judgment as in the i the spirit of missionary workfilledwork filled me with a passion that sustained itself case of a near disastrous public meeting we heldheidhold in the centercennercenger of one of throughout my two and a half years iinn tonga especially in those early months the most hostile villages in tonga we had held our meetings previously when the challenges of the language and the newness of the culture kept me in that village in the honehome of a highly rerespectedspectedpecked cilcitcitizenizen only a few people amblehmblehumbledd constantly before the LOlordrd nearly every entry in the journal during showed up to these meetings I1 wanted to move closerclosetclosekciosek to the center of town this period of time concludes withwichwlch a prayer of gratitude sometimes in english for better exposure we 9secured a small singleframesingle frame home with a tin roof tcuredtoured sometimes in tongan and a ptpleapieaea for help I1 ceased prpraying in english after which stood rightt across thechee streetfromscreelstreetscreet fromerom the methodist church the idea the first month on my mission was hatthacthatthab our voices would carry for a long way to the yards and houses of the journal records several early instances of how the spirit of teaching the people around the church several older missionaries tried to persuade and testimony overcame the shocks of poverty and cultural dispadisparityrityricy the me not to be so bold and in their words combative I1 reminded them that following is an account of a visit to a very poor family in the village of I1 was in charge and all would be well I1 nearly paid dearly for that mis- pea tongatapuTonga tapu four months after I1 arrived in tonga judgment for no sooner had we started the meeting than rocks began raining I1 was sitting dpiectedlvdelectedlywithwithwichwlch mv companion in a dirty and inlerahlemiqerahle on the small house and through the doorway we all scrambled for cover little tongan hut waiting fortor the woman of the house to put on her clothescloches so we could begin our cottage meeting the vardyard was filled with mud not wanting to be intimidated I1 insisted that we continue the service only I1 felt the readyalreadyil sofamiliarso familiarfamicami liarilar invasion of fijian fleas marching stesteadilyadill tipup my every part A large pig lay stretched in one of the two doorways to be met with catcalls and insultinsults from outside at the conclusion of our meeting during the question and answer time several men of the village 9 10 which many them have A missionary ifflffiss constantly being called entered and asked questions that I1 could hotnothocnoc handle well the meetingm ended of belief of is in chaos upon tqfastto fasteast pray or administer to someone awin distress such astheagtheas theuhe wife name was laukauhaukau when she was eight months one of the greatest blessings of my mission was the unmitigated loyalty of one of our missionaries her 1 go with her husband and love of my fellowtonganfellow tongan missionariesmissionarmissionalmiss ionarlonar lesies their love was shown most of pregnant I visited them in fatal village to tractingtrading some when we returned from our work she informed all in the way they pushed meroemoe and molded meroemoe and kept me constantly before laukauhaukau had been ill for time

1 us she had been to seiseesed her doctor about her pregnancy she had not felt the public at first I felt that this insistence that I1 go bublipublipublicc became womb many days doctor told her that the baby was dead 9a form of persecution but it kept me humble and forced me to constantlyconstatly life in her for the and mustmast be removed immediately or the mothers life would be in try to speak roymoy best perhaps hullhuilmulimuil kinikini 63 years old was my most piti- that it nast would be no less and my greatest teacher in the tongan language and custom one day danger also laukauhaukau flatly told the doctor thatchatchac there operation from zion to give her a blesbiesblessingg we were Pravelingtraveling by tugboat across the channel from tongatapuTonga tapu to eua the she would simply ask her missionary it moment me lay my hands upon a woman of such faith voyage though but a few hours was always treacherous and sickening I1 was a fearful for to 1 spare next morning samiu remember stepping onto the little boat early that morning the stench of I prayed mightily unto the lord to the child the gme 4ykv1tpfa mepp 09 a his wife had been diesel oil and farm animals was so heavy I1 felt my gorge rising the deck smecame to nukualofa t9tato tttsutenteuell that at four oclock ar by a sharp kicks in her womb the baby was alive and well the was full of people animals and plantation crops what I1 didnt lose of awakened was informed laukauhaukau my breakfast because of the smell I1 was sure the highseaswouldhigh seassees would take care doctors were amazed that the baby alive again but that and baby must be removed by Ceasceasareanarean of As we teamedsteameds out to sea I1 gripped the rail tightly and leaned over she would never deliver it normally the 1 from journal 1 I met laukauhaukau the next for the inevitable suddenly I1 could hear elder kinikkinikiniiniluilul speaking to the section I quote excerpts here the mewe and 1 remain longenourlongenougionglong enoughoug crowded passengers in a voice that rang above the whir of engines and the week she was overjoyed at seeing andinsistedinsisted that I longen and bussed mumbling timecimetimestimeocimeo sounds of animals my dear countrymen we are most fortunate today to have to allow her to fix a meal she cried fussed all the 1 who saved my as our fellow traveler a youngwhiteyoung white man from america who is here to give I just havent got enough to give this servantofservantservantofof the lord 1 had meal she had prepared she asked me again you a special message in your own tongue he is dying to address you I1 baby after I finished the shehad introduce to you elder eric shunwayshumway from america to administer to her so she could have the baby normally she had been in

1 hhoues we administered her again and rushed to I felt great irritation at kinikinisKinikinis lack of consideration for my illness itlight9ht labor for several hours9urs to was mother and so that nevertheless he pullpulipulledmepullededmeme away from the railing and bade mmee speak the the hospital her baby born without pain to the fast spirit was present I1 spoke for the entire length of the crossing words the doctors only heard about it from the nurse who delivered it came easily and fluently I1 did not lose mv breakfast jnn frymypry twogwo and aa half years as as missionary I1 had five companions with

1 1 aboulaboutaboebo U months I1 in the before going to tonga I had never seen such faith to heal and to be whom I aveduveditypo in thehe odorelders0 atquartersairs for t nine lived beaked 1 homehomb nukulalpfft 0a companion I1 each day of the healed as I witnessed among the tongaitongantongen saints I1 had heard all my life about mission hamh9m in nukualafa without tradedcraded the faith of the polynesiansPolynesians but I1 was somewhat unprepared fortorfoc the depth 11 12 week with one of the married missionaries living in thevarioustheuhe various villages surrounded by four or five elderly women with knives and sticks in thelitheirthele hands the women were dressed in tongan mourning costumes with large on longatapulongatongatapuTonga tapu the mission president who seemed so unkind in the beginning filthy mats tied around their waists their long kinky hair stuck straight out in all directions their anger was all the more frightful because had become a close and very loving influence in my life president coombs of their appearance they are forbidden by tongan custom to comb their hair or bathe their body during the mourning period thus they looked was very trusting As a supervising elder on tongatapuTonga tapu I1 pretty much came exactly like satans angels and I1 was soon to find out they played the part perfectly making threatening gestures with bush knives they and went as I1 pleased there was a surge in the number of baptisms in the yelled such things as well rip you apart and cut you to little pieces you are baptized into that fools church mission the annual baptisms of 1960 and 61 were several times the average if even though my companion at the time was a wellrespectedwell respected high annual baptisms of the entire previous decade the success was due to one chief from a nearby village when I1 appeared on the scene the hostility toward rachel becamebecome even more spectacular nafe and I1 were conducted principalprincipal cause we were simply teaching moremoimozre than we were working in branches immediately inside the house ministers from each of the churches in the village including the seventh day adventist congregationcongregationwerewere there I1 was blessed to be able to work in every major island group and most to confront us they accused us of everything from sheep stealing to wife stealing the husband much changed from three days earlier said 1 tongan by of the outer islands I absorbed the culture and language the you dont know my wife like I1 do she only wants to join the church so she can dance there is probably some man she is after in your church method of strict observation and imitation my tongan mannerisms frequently at that moment rachels older sister rivedirarrived in the tongan family irritated the mission secretasecretaryryt who was always needling meroemoe for what he called hierarchy the oldest sister has more authority thanchan the parents the sisters name was dove but she was screaming like a madwoman she my oratorical raifailingsrailingslings instead of speeches after one street meeting he beat rachel severely with a stick I1 was so alarmed at what looked like sure death for rachel I1 was ready to make it my last stand too attended in downtown mukualofnukualofaMuku alof a he told meroemoe later that he would never go hear fortunately my companion pulled me down and said you will only make worse you do anything assure the family and the people that me speak again never by pc it if elder youll convert anybody reamingscreaming and waving there will be no baptism solsooso I1 assured the familyandfamily and we rose to leave at which point dove dragged rachel into the house andproceededand proceeded to beat your arms at him was his only commentary about the meeting that was the her in front of all the ministers we left the house amid jeers anda nd pointing fingers dove yelled something at us that we didnt catch first time I1 realized that I1 had thoroughly assimilated the tongan pulpit but the crowd went crazy with laughter I1 really felt that we were leaving rachel to a martyrs fate nafe did not seem concerned he manners merely said grimly not even policemen and the law dare break the traditiotraditionn and the right of the oldest in the family to discipline the other siblings but there were several mannerspanners among certain tongans which were totally I1 couldnt sleep that night just thinking about the awful experience incompatible toco my naturenatures particularly the vioviolencelence of their discipline rachel must be going through the following sunday we visited the branch in that village As I1 gave the concluding speech in the sacrament meeting to and a a com children wives there is in the journal pathetic account of cl I1 noticednoticedthroughthrough the window a limping figure making its way up the rutty road to the chapel it was rachel carrying her sixsixmonthmonth old munitysmunitys hostility toward a young woman on the day of her baptism her husband baby to church rachel walked up the steps and sat down among the saints I1 changed my subject and spoke directly to her on the words of jesus had previously agreed to her joining the church and all was arranged for christ blessed are they that are persecuted for righteousness sake kingdom of heaven rachel was baptized two weeks us to up and for theirs is the pick her take her to liahona where the baptism would be held later with her husbands permission the following is excerpted from the journal the potential of violence against the missionaries was very real in before we reached her home 1 I1 could somethingwassomethingwaqwaswesweg up in the village tell something some areas of tongatapuTonga tapu and vavau however after my investiture with a indeed the whole town was in an uproar about rachels baptism in the mormon church when we was arrived rachel standing pathetically outside chiefly by thechethitchetchee high noble nukuanuku the likelihood of any person abusing her home wearing a delicate white dress for her newbirthnew birth 11 she was title me personally or any of my missionaries was very slim however one of our 14 13 today fofoahofoa ward with its new brick chapel Is one of the most active in one were up a night malanga new converts and elderly missionary beaten alteralcerelcer tonga town of hoftohofao the missionary was in his reference in the little indiscreet when one has a tendency to strut and preen in the mission field a thousand and abominable church the new convert made fun of the church to the great things can happen toco put him in his place I1 confess that my missionary now when we baptized people community of his forefathers five in the there journal is full of instances which demonstrate the rise and fall cycle of seemed be cause a town emergency new and old members to real for alike humility success pride failure despair and then humility again it the heat of persecution felt wasmasas fun frankly to be the only white person in many of the islands where the town was full of rough men who were neither employed nor in school I1 lived and visited I1 enjoyed the celebrity especially after having received they were subsistence farmers who spent afternoons drinking kava and doing my title I1 was welcome everywhere mischief auter the mormon missionaries had been run out of town gang alteratlerafteratterauler this but vanity is especially deadly to missionary work I1 was brought to of boys told tuituipulotupulotu the only longstandinglong standing member of the church in the Tul my knees many times and reminded from what source I1 really had my strength community that the next mormon missionary white or brown who set foot and being when I1 was stationed in vavalucavaluvavau the missionary work there had fofoahofoa would be shot the journal entry reads in ignited into great successes and many baptisms we were riding a crest of on monday afternoon I1 and sione koki went out to fofoahofoa to see the saints newlywonnewly won credibility with many nonnonmembers inevitably I1 began to exaggerate and the new converts As we parked the car in front of the home of tullTulituipulotupulotu members she came running out wringing her hands and crying oh elder shumway my own mind how much success was due toio my efforts and influence you cant visit here today you must go this is a wicked village in this men are waiting you or any other hormonmormon would these evil just for othermormon it of one ego surgeries I1 needed be terrible if they did anything to you she raved begged and cried the following is an account of the several for us to leave it was in tuipulotustulipulotus home that the new convert and missionary several times in my mission were beaten up six months before I1 assured her that no one was going approval of mission president I1 took of the missionaries co and show me was with the the all to be hurt asked her to where this murderous clique one a 200 away in vavau on a twodaytwo day fishing and camping trip to of the outermost she pointed to vacant lot about yards where about ten large was a tongan fellows were sprawled out on the grass beating ground islands in vavau this recreational activity reward for the the with men we on beach bush knives and whittling sticks they had seen us drive up in the cumulative hard work of these wonderful slept the swam swapped discussed scriptures car I1 told tuipulotu I1 wanted to go to them oh no drank coconut water fished stories little talk and generally youre not she said she made a move to stop me but I1 assured her debiteddebated doctrine relaxed again tioiiono one would dare do anything me FaivaoLa whole that to faivaola the me the of snorkelsnorkelinging seemed comical to me even my own bravado my tongan companion several of the missionaries introduced to art situation and on around island among my meager however was glad to stay at the car leaving my basket of books spearfishingspear fishing the shallow reef the full was a octopus and several small when I1 wrote to in the car I1 walked across the streetscreetstreec towardthistowardcowarddowardmoward chis group of young men prizes little fish this my 1 I1 exaggerated somewhat the I1 walked right toward them my apparent boldness took them by surprise parents about the activity I fear that my achievements tonga tiny and giving no one a chance speak I1 myself shaking significance of fishing in children to first introduced up octopus from each of hands and sat down on the ground in midst we old women catch fish and pick squid and off the reef their their no mom my octopus story with newspaper were an they were very laugh my dailynodallydailydaliydelly big deal shared the local friends in instant willing to at stories you 1 and asked questions about america and cowboys and editor can imagine my chagrin a few weeks later when I received arizona indians newspaper were RICKY for one hour we laughed and joked and they seemed to forget their a copy of the front page of that the headlines SHUMWAY CATCHES OCTUPUSOCTOPUS WINSWLNS RESPECT OF TONGAN PEOPLE our house hatred and shoot the Morcormonsmormonsmons when I1 got up leave nins andtheirtheir threat to to and she was read english well I1 extenderextended them an to attend our malanga thatchatchac night girl master of irony caricature that invitation theres happened see newpapernewnewspaperpaper read headlines and stood nothing wrong with just coming to I1 said you bet they she to the clipping the listen me mock bowing deeply Shumshumwaywaytways 1 respect chorused together and you men can lielpkielp us keep the peace I1 invited before in admiration she said I youyoutyoug laughter the story and I1 you can count on us Sasamuelmueimuel they said A few weeks later a branch then burst into devilishdevilishlaughter circulated of the church was established formally in fofoahofoa counting the children have not lived it down to this day over 20 members of the church were present 16 is15 of the doctors say that shee must be brought out of her coma with that he

my frequent lessons in humility were usually not comic in nature many journal seized her violently called her by nawename slapped her face called her no response never did regain conscious- entries are prayers and pleadings for forgiveness and help to overcome special name again shook her but still hola problemsroblemsrobproblemslems one of these problems was a nearcrisisnear crisis of faith recorded in an ness away 1 a deep I1 as alone finishedunfinishedae entry about the death of rolaroiaholallola motuapuaka when hola passed I fell into depression felt 1 during my week tonga hola was the wife of the highest chiefly attendant in the kingdom of as betrayed and as unworthy as I had ever felt first in

1 1 was me thanks a very tonga motuapuaka she hadbadbedhed married him attended the methodist church for I simply went to bed and wept I a dark hour for to one 1 was so in the begin- years and had just become active again in the church hola had become deathly wise and tender mission president the I felt hostile 1 1 was saved from complete despair he opened my door ill with a very difficult pregnancy my companion and I1 visited her many ningng I think perhaps I 1 remember nothing about what times in her home and in the hospital we fasted for her several times walked in and sat on the bed I specifically peace co my 1 was next and administered to her each time she was anointed she would make a brief he said but his words spoke to heart I relieved the was having a recovery but then became ill again we administered to her on several day to find out that motuapuaka had announced that his wife graveside occasions each time promising life to her and the baby mormon funeral which would be held at the graveside funerals tonga coombs 1 spoke to the intensity of holas suffering and the helplessness of her husband were the custom in president and I at the funeral Tongans most whom were not membersmembers of the church motuapuaka and the doctors were most pitiful to me I1 felt assured that she would livetive over 5000 tongans of never he was baptized chethe church in 1979 to day and so promised motuapuaka somehow I1 had it in my mind that a miraculous has remarried intoltheinto this recovery was exactly what was neededtoneeded to jar the nobilitynobilitylooseloose from the state he remains a fast friend of the shumwaysShumways among many 1 had among the tongan people church I1 saw motuapuaka as the key As I1 recall I1 made this point several the sweet relationships I 1 1 most highly my association with tongan children I1 seemed times ininmymy prayers I1 felt no joy in my work as long as hola was ill I think I cherished I1 was sure the lord would not let us down everything was at stake the to appeal to them and they certainly appealed to me everywhere I1 would queen herself was aware of what was b paingp ningaing with hola go in my little ford anglia if I1 met a group of children at the side of 1 them saw so few people and when the message came ar hola was in distress and would I1 please come the road I would stop and talk to they white tongan 1 them and aioliivaeioelo ferherber a blessing I1 panicked realizing that the request had come most of them had never heard a white person speak I would ask from motuapuaka himself we arrived at the hospital to find hola in a deep to remember my name and greet me anytime they saw me in or out of the car coma her grand dignified husband stood at her bedside quite unwilling or along the road children in every village received the same invitation to show the fear that he no doubt felt we blessed hola again to recover until I1 could drive from one end of the island to the other in any direction and to live to raise her baby then we stood aside to offer whatever comfort and hear choruses of children shouting as I1 went by sameuisameulsamediSameui sameul sameetsameutSame ut we could give to motuapuaka the nurses attending her were very alarmed I1 have often wondered if this acquaintance with so many of the children of doctors had been in and out all day momentarily three of the best tongan tonga did not help to soften the hearts of parents towardcoward the mormon missionarmissional physicians in the kingdom entered holanoiauolallola isas not responding I1T heard one

10 17 IS

uhe I1 am touched by 1 many important thingsaxeehingthingssaxesaweareaee recorded in theiournalthe journalurnal ies I remember one little boy especially who madewade an ifilimpactifilpactvaccpact on my life other thing theIo account of the humble tongan branch president who in the fury of a because of his faith the following is a journal entry entitled A childs the home from testimony 150mileanhour150 mile an hour hurricane saved his little singlesingleframeframe certain by simple command inid the name of jesjesus christ and by the we had labored a lot with TatauvellTau velivellveiluveltuvell anausabauanau and their little boy viliami dedestructionstruction a viliami was fourtour years old the Tau hadkad high father tauvellveli attended which I1 bear I1 command you yea this whole school and was pretty cocky about what he knew tauvell had stopped power of the holy priesthood his wife from being baptized but permitted little viliami to be blessed completelythroughoutcompletely throughout this wind I1 am equally in the church and to attend primary and even sunday school tauvell house to remain solidly and would have nothing to do with the church several missionaries had an elderly lady whopwho a week and a hahalflf before I1 visited him but their visits always ended in a quarrel with tauvell touched by the account of usually making them look ridiculous and silly ararrivedrived at her doorstep saw in a dream the white man who would bribringng her one rainy afternoon my companion and 1 Tau andiandlI passed by tauvelisvelis place she did not see the face of the white man we could see him and his wife in their little fale pelto or kitchen a gospel ofpeaceof peace and salvation and were impressed to stop and them we parked the and made visit car was sure of identity because of a bright red birthmark a dash for the little hut entering and sitting down without saying clearly but she his a word this is permissible in the tongan custom among those with whom 1 anam moved by the account of the mormon husband whose newly you are acquainted my sixtythreesixty three year old companion hulihullhuilmullmuli kinikini on his neck I was not as fast as I1 he came in dripping wet we asked a chance for begs him to find his way back during a hurricane to their to talk about the gospel tauvell said it was ok if we wouldnt make converted wifewi fe too much noise for was and we little viliami ill asleep could see her primary rollbookpollbooklbook with which she was entrusted him curled up under a tapa cloth blanket by his mother we offered a devastated house to search for rol prayer and elder kinikini gave the discussion on the apostasy in heherhenr first calling in the kingdom of god tauvell was not in the mood for anything but arguing we muddled 1 am moved by the greatness and love of the tongan people for through the discussdiscussionionlon on the apostasy and I1 proceeded with the lesson most of all I on the restoration thinking perhaps helieieehee would show a more that little example my companion insisting ohon my eatinbatineating9 the only eatmeatmead in his house respect for me when I1 reached the part in the discussion about peter kinikini james and john appearing to the prophetProplietilet joseph smith to give him the watching me and I duduckling while his hungry children sat around higher priesthood tauvelitauvell just hooted rohoh thats what you mormons a little say or what smith said but who was with smith verify thats to this own meatless supper of taro andbreadfruitand breadfruit said kinikini manifestation no one absolutely no one he could have made it up waiting for their you know you mormons knoworor did think of that where was a witness who hey had privilege no one 1 I want them to be able to tell their children that tthey hadtkehadthethe a of god could eat and be filled I1 felt a bit discouraged with this fellow and with myself for not of going without so thatschatachacathatthauchau servant makingmak ing it clear thatchatnhatchac joseph was not alone but before I1 could answer my way his wonders to perform one of the his question suddenly little viliami sprang up from under his tapa god moves in a mysterioussterious cloth his black eyes blazing his long curly hair matted against his my was my own transformation in the mission hot sweaty little face and said furiously in a high childs voice greatest wonders perhaps in life tauvelitauvellTau veli children in tonga their parents by name call their first and the comfort of a personal testimony gained among dont you know anything havent you ever heard of oliver cowdery field and the strength the angels came him and joseph you one to smith cant count two an written but highly precious missionary thats two testimonies didnt you know that and whats wrong with an elicelectit people and recorded in illlii your church anyway jesus was baptized in the river jordan and put under the water and then brought out of the water but your church sprinkles journal little babies fromtrom a little cup belorebefore they know anything do you believe that you hitehatehicehace my church because its the right church it was a powerful moment for this man and for us tears appeared in tauvelisTau velis eyes and he bowed his head in shame little viliami product of the haateiloHaateilo branch primary lay down as quickly as he had gotten upunsups and slept we finished the lesson withwichwlchwi th a testimony and a prayer yea even babes did open their mouths and utter marvelous things jay fox dyffCYU london centre 27 palacellailalya ace court 2 london w2wa2 england residentpresidentp what do you want it to be the accountant of course got the job clio and calliope what you want history to be may not be as easy as this story writing imaginative Storieshistoriesi of the pacific suggests but the impression that it often is what people want it to be has been on my mind a great deal lately many of these impressions As I1 boainbenin this paper this morning I1 feel the need to echo the have come because of recent revivals of a familiar controversy in the linningbelinninghotpnningbeginningbe to one of wallace stegnerssteggersSteg ners essays on writing history in church of what the spirit of writing LDS church history ought to be which hehp says one without valid membership in the community of his- the current debate stems first from a general authoritys talk a few BYU speech nodsgods torians is not entitled to opinions about the profession but he may years ago in 1976 ezra taft benson warned us in a rods 1 have impressions 1 1 althoughthough I am not jnan historian I1 have some def hand in our nations history that an undesirable impressions iliteiritearite about what history is and what it can be to be most humanistic emphasis on history is not confined only to secular history effective here in the pacific what it can be is akin to a joke an there have been and continue to be attempts made to bring this philos- ophy into our own church history again the emphasis is to underplay accountant friend of mine told me recently it seems a lawyer a revelation and gods intervention in significant events and to inor- humanize prophets of god so that their human frailities dinadinatelytely the 2 statistician and an accountant were all being interviewed by the become more evident than their spiritualspiritualqualqualitiesqualquai itiesaties presidpresidenttnt of a company for a position this company was having some summer 1981 in an address entitled the mantle is far trnijbletraumptrnump in the of with the IRS during tthehe interview the president asked them greater than the intellect elder boyd K packer declared to CES a keykoy far question what is the sum of2ofofa 2 2 the lawyer who was the educators that there is no such thing as an accurate objective his- firfirl I totn be askeaskedediedv said that before he could answer that important tory of the church without consideration of the spiritual powers that iiftion heho would have to check the laws involved research out pre- 3 attend this work to ignore thesthesethesepowerspowersepowers elder packer said is to vious cases that dealt with the questionquest ionlon see what the precedents accommodate the enemy in the history we write he sees a strong wreawegrewwe thy etc thethuihu the statistician was asked the same question whatwha t testimony of joseph smith and his successors asa s prophets and a testi- i I1 the sum 01 2 2 oi 22 helieilefie said he would have to gather some data mony of the church as the only true and livinlivinalivinqachurch1churchchurch upon the face lot thehienie ia ilotliot sililitiesi1possibilities and make a projection finally the accountant of the whole earth D & C 130 quoted by packer as necessary canecamecamp in and askpd wiswils asked the same question what is the sum of 2 2 qualifications he emphasized this L1 j saying ilelle looked at the president looked around him to make sure no one else was in the room I1 did not talk about academic qualifi- tried the door to insure it was locked pulled down now you obviously noted that cationscations facts understanding and scholarship can be attained by the window work three qualifications blind behind the presidents desk then whispered to the personal study and essential course the 3

1 you I have named come by the spirit to the individual cant receive attempts to discuss serious issues in public have been something less UKIIUK by study by academic inquiry tiu II secular training or or scientific than fruitful simply because we all seenseem to find it difficult to stay investigation on issues at hand and end up indulging instead in various evasions and ad hominemhoroinero judgments I1 can see nothing in principle wrong with makimakl n argument response making an that a friend or colleague not to mention a brother in da boldholdhotdboid specific and candid to both the benson and in the gospel has made an error in something he has written or that his beliefs aremistakenareane mistaken on some issues such an argument would patterpackerpacter D professor clear- statements michael quinn an associate of history ly not imply that the person against whose opinions the criticisms were directed was immoral or unwelcome in the lords kingdom say- at byllpyllry11 addressed a group of history students at BYU in his paper ing that there are errors or mistakes in the historicalhist6ricalhistoricalcical essays that chronicle narrate and interpret the restoration of the gospel of d on being a mormon he calltcaletcalled ftrwnferwn historian said both of these attitudes jesus christ is clearly not a way of kicking the persons who wrote history out the church errors or mistakes disqualified werewore jaundiced views mormon writing and that of if horekreiekleieviere ecclesiastical of history one for the lords kingdom there would be no community of saints and if errors or mistakes disqualified historians we would not have then went on to write an apologia for his own attempts to use the written much history 6 killsskills of scholarship in research and documentation to emulate the the various approaches in these were recently examinessamplesexamineslAes of sacred history in approach and philosophy and to help the controversies by dr howard Sear at a january 98219821 panel at saints understand the vitality of mormonism from a position of know classified searleatsearlesearieleat atthethe univer- sity of utah on the uses and abusesofAbuseabuses of writing mormon history as ledleableledipdqeahleleable strength professor quinn found it discouraging to be sof falling into basic approaches 1 extreme natu sm regarded as subversive by men he sustains 5 thus you see the polar- three naturalismralirail 2 extreme supernaturalsupernaturalism ism and 3 a combined approach surely part ities in perception the muddle us extremes due to what we perceive another commentator louis midgleyHidmidgley in a paper delivered to the of that leads astoustoto is history to be dr searles definition given at this same forum was wtucstornn historyllis tory association in october 1981 A critique of mormon that history is contemporary thoughtandthoughthought and analysis of all that has historians the questionOueque tion of faith and history rejects the mormon tand been done said and thought by people in the past 4 now the writerswiltens who are trying to find a middle ground between joseph smith felt thought and analysis part of are OK but what was as a prophet or fraud tiuchliuchlluchmuch of the history they write attempts to that definition done said and thought by people past can never rationalize the imaoesimanesimaney and content of divine revelation for felt in the fully be known short of revelation by mortals in certain human purposes more important than his criticism of these direct this life part of the conflict in debates about history is due to a failure middle niaundersnundersnrnunders is flidgleysmidqleys description of the spirit under which to recognize of place such controversies unfortunately occur that historians like writers literary fiction constructs on isolated facts if weweregewerewe were more skillful in analyzing in mordonmormon the context of the academic community it has been next to constructs we would given same impossible to discuss important issues without generating hurt feel these realize that the facts the ings and I1 one unfortunate factional animosities this is believe constructs will be every writing depending on that of the primary reasons why we rarely if ever have a serious discus- different for sion of anything weme are ships passing night my previous like in the writers views and motives 5 6 history in this view is first something we put into words with it is usually easy to see the false element in such writwritinginqing which have builtinbuilt in cultural assumptions second it is a structure but difficult to see it in our own to see that history is a kind of thitthat is somethingsoinpthinq created not occurring naturally and third it is fiction would help us be more selfselfconsciousconscious about the whole process a narrativnarrative soiethingsomcthinqsomething that has a storylikestory like rendering it is not so of writing it we would not then be so compulsive about finding the nruh a record of what actually happened as it is an imposing of one true rendering of an event we would look more to the writers pattern and meaning on socalledso called facts the old aristotelian artistic and moral motives for the rendering he comes up with distinction that history presents the actual and poetry the imagi- unfortunately we are captivated by a view that gained prominence nable should always he qualified by remembering that when dealing in the last century that fiction and history result in distinctively with thetiie past we are usually imaginatively recounting what rightmight have different written forms As one commentator on the historyhisiory of ideas have happened in the present I1 can say sione is on the mat and puts it verify it by looking rutbutdut in speaking of the past we may never be most nineteenthnineteenthcenturycentury historians did not realize that the facts stiresure with thethpohp finite senses if there ever was a mat if sione was do not speak for themselves but that the historian speaks for them speaks on their behalf and fashions the fragments of thelastthepastthe past into evePVPeverevev on it when he was on it or who sione was for that matter a whole whose integrity isinis in its representationrepresentationa a purely discursive one novelists might be dealing only with imaginary events whereas it is1 much like askinaaskinq what really happened in the french revolution historians are dealing with real ones but the process of fusing events whether imaginary or real into a comprehensible totality theretherp arearp only about six hundred versions that try to answer that capable of serving as the object of a representation is a poetic process here the historians must utilize precisely the same tropological tuequestionqupstionque t i on strategies the same modalities of representing relationships in words that the poet or novelist uses in the unprocessed historical record I1 maintain further that the form in which we write our histories and in the chronicle of events which the historian extracts from the iecordrecord the facts exist only as a congeries of contiguously related arearc perspectives that are arrived at mainly on the basis of conscious fragments these fragments have to be put together to make a whole of a particular not a general kind and they are put together in the or unconscious aesthetic or moral judgments not on the basis of a same ways that novelists use to put together figments of their imaginations to displadisplay an ordered world a cosmos where only disorder method that is as supposed by many to be objective accurate and or chaos might appear 9

scivntifisticntificc I1 have with flaudenllaydenflayden white serious doubts about historys thus we see that many historians continue to treat their facts status as either a rigorous science or a genuine art 8 at least it as though they were given and refuse to recognize unlike most is not a science like a natural science scientists that they ateareane not so much found as constructed by the I1 an speakingspeak inq rather abstractly but I1 must continue on a little kinds of questions which the investigator asks of the phenomena before moremoye with idea this 10 him if you are beginning to disagree with what I1 am suggesting here it is this attitude toward history that has caused writers such think for a moment of a historian whose interpretations you disagree

17L 7 7 aas wallace1 licelycenyce stebneriteqnersteqner a nonnonmormonmormon who writes fairly successfully teltellingling like the excitement of phrasemakingphrase making often tempts a writer about us to champion the writing of imaginative histories histories into misrepresentation but the excitement of analysis the excite- ment of generalization can do the same and the laudable lust for which aeareave keilkeliheilheiiwell rpsearchedresearched but which are labeled as fiction or some absolute accuracy can lead to dullness can cause a man to proffer a set of notes instead of a finished book as if one did not write his- other form ofot literature uhenlihen we recognize history as pattern con- tory but collected it dramatic narrative is simply one means by which a historian can struct structurestructureturp or whatever you wish to call it which we impose on make a point vividly to imagine historiography without this possibi bilityability is like imagining christ without his parables or abraham hapliharpenindsr0nr in the past this realization is motivation for some writers lincoln without his anecdotes calliope and clio are not identical twins but they are sisters loto10 want to create literary forifofiformatsratsnats for historical events as an alter- history a fable agreed on is not a science but a branch ofot literature an artifact made by artificers and sometimes by artists like fiction native to traditional expository history stegner relates the following it has only persons places and events to work with and like fiction it may present them either in summary or in dramatic scene conversely jorystory lo10 emphasize the high position hehp livesfivesgives to literature as a fiction even fantastic fiction reflects so much of the society that produces it that it may have an almosthistoricalalmost historical value as record posihilitypossibility for historical renderingrenderinqing objective and sociological novels come very close to history the difference being principally that history reports the actual fiction the typical kerentrecentlyHerent ly I1 asked a doctoral candidate who was embarking on a history of berlin since world war II11 if he intended to dramatize the porsonalitiepersonalities and events of those twenty years haswasmas he going to write stegner further reminds us that the particulars may not be true yet inan analysisanaann lysis or a story how would his book be affected if as he un- coveredrovelcovel pd his material he came upon people who played protagonist and the message may still be valid an example of a poem about the anlalonistantaqonistantagonist embodying in themselves significant forces of the cold war how would he handle the challenges and confrontations the suspense pacific that may not square in every detail with the actual practice the climactic scenes clearly he would encounter such things ruthut when I1 asked my question he looked at me and so did some of the it describes is vernice peres poem heritage yet its message is eminent historians on his committee with a slight quizzical smile 1T pere I oaas thinthinkinqthinkingkinq like a journalist or a novelist not like a historian unimpeachable ratnatat this point in the presentation vernice read llelieileliv hihad not studied and they had not trained him to approach his dierdieydleydissertationtation in any such modgodmood as that they had trained him to probe her poem printed below 7.7 foror cause and consequence to exhaust sources to analyze to gener aliealleaile from tested facts pretty obviously they considered the analy- tical approach the only intellectually respectable one obviously heritage they thought treating those explosive two decades as drama would eiilainervnlanlor the dependability of the result in holdinaholdinq him to an intellectually rigorous method they were take the sharpened pipipi pi shell beyond all question sound rutdutput I1 think they dismissedtoodismissed too lightly piece of paua bird bone inlin approach that would have been for that particularsegmentparticular segment of history razorbladerazor blade if you like the most proper one the postwar history of berlin will not be properly carve upon my face the marks written until it is narrated A good book on berlin may be a pastiche of maoritangaMaori tanga let the blood spurt of communiques conferences polipotipoliciescies ultimaultimatumstums and abstract forces and dribble down my chin laflhfihe ljrqatyjreaj book on berlin is going to be a sort of iliad a story that like the moko of the old women dramatizesdratnaldrainal izes a power struggle in terms of the men who waged it which wrapped in blankets round the cooking fire does not mean at all that it will be intellectually deficient rub the juices in the wounds it is not the presence of dramatic narrative that makes false history charcoal vegetable dye india ink false falseness derives frohfromfront inadequate or inaccurate information make beautiful the design like faulty research neglected sources bias bad judgment misleading the young fern curled across the moon implication and these afflict the expository among us about as often or the kiwi feathers in grandfathers proud cloak as they afflict the narrative it is true that the excitement of story seek the patterns of the lauaspauas inner shellisheildshellsheilsheli

15 10 beautifully lyric piece which remains faithful to the curl of kumara vine written diaries I1 karanga iracefracefacerace the call of the across the marae and journals but which iinn the noseflutenose flute in the night chichiswhichisis literary its artfulness ilcelice the flesh like the teko stare tekos his work called LKPpreacher and the slave is labeled a novel but thefherhe soft flesh lip membrane skin eacher it cut tatisticsstatistics on my face is as wellresearchedwell researched as any expository history although he invented 111111if 1 age place of birth race villaqplafle canoe vilviivillafle tribe characters scenes motivations randnandandaandj7.7 diadladialogueloque he spent four to five carve deeply eraseeraspcrasp doubt as to who years interviewing people who knew joe hill the world war I1 martyr in I1 am ilseushuse sharpened pipipi pi the shell the book read manuscripts newspaper visited a state prison birdblidh ml bone razor blade trial files nseuseUs them harshly lacerate and walked through a mock execution so he would know how a man in that my leqacyuponipqacyupon me where who can read allaliail situation aouwouwouldld feel he even utilized actual letters in the last part will perceive that I1 am my place takinatakino of the book yet he called the book an act of the imagination 12 onor this vast marae still that is the pacific truth in labeling is important in these matters if theoreticallylv weWP call home theoretical we have what we perceive as pure actual history on one end and pure poem to one my verniceveinice read this recently of literature classes imaginedhistoricalimagined historical fiction on the other end there can be difficulty alliloiloll lylimyll althouqhalthough they knew virtually nothing about polynesian tattooing with the ground in between stegnerssteggersSteg ners fictional work it seems to me they almost to the person saw the theme of identity in the poem and is thetypethe tyoetype we ought to emulate he creates an imagined strucstructureturcture fforfonir the power of the feelings as fritfeltfeit vernice read it his historical novels but only afafterter he has exhausted the research tpqnpraegner himself a practitioner own he writes is of his theories possibilities and he is careful to label his works either fiction hijorical novels and novel cistic history the mormon hiJhlahiahrtorualorical novelisticistic histories his of or history fawn brodie on the other hand calls her biographies wotwardwoowardwo twardd migration inq Z i on a kind wrstuai the gaherngGathergatherinqgathering of zion is special of history histories but they are really something in between history and literature llelie1 lidrartp izodizpd in writinqwriting book as chtracterizedcharacterized his intention that follows they go under the guise of history but her constructs are transparently fictional and rhetorical is no wonder that vardis fisher in hnbetbelhel fly intention in the theringgatheringfiagia of zion was clearly novelistic in its it emphaamphaoiiiphisisis on humarhuman 1 ntefjs t buthut in I1 wanted be interesttefas historical that to review hono man knows llyflymy a number of years ago saw faithfalthiiithftilfaithfidtidtinfid to fact and record where the events of the migration of brodies history wereweveweye riotnot dramatic I1 them in summary so except a few chapters told for that that book was more a novel than a biography and predicted that this is essentially narrative history but it is history if I1 under- stand the tonntennterm 11 13 brodie would turn novelist in her next book and that she should dennisdennnenn i s petrie recent study ultimately the writhritinghariting of modermodey n 1 in fiction I1 recommend that you read the chapter ordeal by handcart in the book his hrit literary biogrbiogybiographyfeelsBiography feels the indiscriminate mixing of the two can or better still the shorter version that appeared in volume four of that to confusion he gigivesves the example of the novel ragtime darkoarkclark and thomas out of the best books that shorter essay is a lead ultimate 11 12 doctorotq6s in which noctorouhas ctnibinedcoigbined historical and imaginary characters in the thanethenetheme efof this conference today Is make friends with the past

a manner that makes many readers exceedingly uneasy about his distor- I1 feel more friends will be gained through this method than through 14 tiont ionlon of truth other methods here in the pacific my impimpressionressi on is however that lierlleriierllerhapiorhapshap I1 should summarize by now asking where should all this certain standards should be followed these are primarily stegnerssteggersSteg ners he1 Icidicidinqleadingleid inq u0uaus it is to these points in the midst of controversies own rules for writing imaginative history the trick is to make the overovey th writing of mormon history we would do well to remind ourselves twin cuttingcutting tools of sound research and a sense of the dramatic woitwortwork 15 of what history for the most part is an act of the imagination in together like scissor blades let me give a few examples of how which interpretative patterns are placed on events in allaliatlati except this might bedonebe done successfully although nordhoff and halls bounty simple attempts to us some chronicles it convince of particular point trilogy may not be in omeome estimates a literary classic it does offer of0 f vieuviewv i ev because mj people still think it is an objective scien some exemplary qualities for the writer of imaginative history in the iiiitiiititicbitic exerciseovereyeroyer cise we should behp careful not to mix the actual or the pacific imaginative under the guise of one or the other truth in labeling is when nordhoff and hall began their work on a novel dealing with crucial especially in mormon writing if you accept these ideas you the mutiny on HMS bounty they had research done for them in th will hetiplyplyn more open to some literature as history such literary render british museum and other sources in london on the history of the lihriturlium of history are lacking particularly here in the pacific dis bounty as well as life in the british navymavy in the eighteenth and cn111hantedtinntpd as I1 am with many socalledso called objective histories I1 would nineteenth centuries they obtained copies of blichbliqhbliqhss letters andanano c ilue mormon 1 liiiiilitlik to issueue a call for more imaginative histories I make the court martial as well as plans of the ship A man from the british thiihilthilthis callcailcalitiiill for at least two important reasons navy even built a model for them of the bounty various documents were liltliiiiililmistt I1 rank the artistic rendering of truth a little above the added by their american publishers and sent to the authors in tahiti historical rendering of it because a good work can be representative for mutiny on the bounty they chose a fictitious narrator named of experience as a whole it is for this very reason that the scrip- roger byam who was based on an actual midshipman named peter heywood tures use allegories parables poetry and figurative language it although they did not follow heywoods experience in every detail is also kartpartkayt of the reason the temple ceremonies are presented as they did adhere to the essentials in the records of the british dramatic narrative in other words it is often more universal than admiralty captain blighs log book of the 3618 mile voyage after history second for the pacific where public performance is so much he and eighteen of his men were set adadriftriftinin a twentythreetwenty three foot long a part nfof the culture mormon histories rendered as poetry fiction boat is the main source for the next volume in the trilogy hennenmen against drama or even sorgwillsorgsong will have a much wider appeal and audience than the sea this voyage is narrated by thomas ledward a surgeon who other forms 13 14 actually survivedurvived the voyaqevoyage his medical experience qualified him as nordhoff proved the narrative specialist having the talent to get a story started keeping it going with the eternal variations of and a nltablenlnotableiviiabletabietable witness of the mens suffering durinoduring their remarkable then and then which every writer must have and knowing where to end it hall true to his attentive ruminative nature was the descrip- voyihpvoyaqv tive specialist and the thoughtful philosophical pauser for the occasional and yet on the other hand meditations nordhoff citcajmjjijjindpitcairns island the last and bloodiest of the three volumes trimmed halls romantic excesses to the realistic bone hall added body and fullness to nordhoffsNord hoffs austerity and leanness nordhoff i ai somewhat softened view of those violent years because nordhoff having the better ear handled the dialogue hall more discursive did the expository sections it was a perfect marriage of talent and hallnailnali11 have the story retold by alexander smith years after the in the one making up for what the other lacked16lacked 16 identi dentdont have taken place smith tsastjasijaswas the only survivor of the original had research in finding what had already been fiftfnii iceniconteen inenmen who landed at pitcairn in an authors note to pitcairns ironically their on might never have island rordhorchoffhordhoffnordhoffnordHord hoff and hall relate some of the problems in reconstructing fictionalized this subject been better they the eventevents of thosetho e years written the three novels they thought only one novel existed a childrens book actually at that time there were really four novels various and discrepant accounts have been preserved concerning us they proceeded thinking story had been under thetholihlipIIP eventsvents of thetiletilo eighteen years between these dates each of these fortunately for the accounts is remarkable for its differences from the others if for nothing else and all contain discrepancies and improbabilities of treated this could be a valuable lesson for aspiring novelists who human behaviour which can scarcely be in accordance with the facts lilo authors therefore after a careful study of every existing account think some subjects have been overdone of the fictional accounts have adopted a chronology and a sequence of events which seem hav selected work to them to render more plausible the play of cause and effect certain virtually only nordhoff and halls is remembered detaildetails which would add nothing to the narrative and are too revolting loilotfoifor llifalifthp printed page have been omitted I1 am much encouraged by ned williams attempt to do on a much ilivalivhe history of those early years on pitcairn was tragic perhaps on napela what morhoff and have done inevitably so fifteen men and twelve women of two widely different smaller scale in his play norhoff hall eakesvaceraceseauesyacc kierevivrewierewere set down on a small island one of the loneliest in the bounty story I1 am impressed reading the source docu- nornovworwormid at1 the end of a decade although there were many children only with the after one man and tenton women were dead had come left of the sixteen fifteen a fusing from a to violent ends these are the facts upon which all the accounts agree ments ned used that his play is coherent of elements if at times in following flows and the narrative blood overfreely documents thetiletlle play horror seems to pile on horror it is not because the authors would variety of quite carefully selected and researched have it so was so in pitcairn history it which many you will see evening uses reports of to butnut the outoutcomecoinecolnecolbe of those early turbulent years was no less extra- of this visitors ordin ciry the to ordinary than threads of chance which led the settlement of the george Q cannons 1 Ka laupapa hawaiian genealogy chapters from islandi s I a nd allatlati who kerewere fortunate enough to visit pitcairn colony during napelas the f quarter of the nineteenth century aqree that presented a first abree it my mission janiejamejanle hictenerandflichalichberandnerand A grove days rascalss in paradise voritavoritabirveritnhlehirhlfbir ocluremclurepicture of the golden bocboeage first rascai ijtjaradjje andrew jensons church chronologyChrono fogytogy alterwalterIJ murray gibsons diary in doinadoinq their riqrigorousorous research nordhoff and hall formed a thomas B trums book the shepherd saintsanit of lanai the 1864 deseret remarkably coordinated team according to their biographer paul L news letters between edward partridge hawaii mission president and briand W M gibson lorrin A thurstons memoirs of the hawaiianhawaihagai ianlan revolution

18 15 and i rankralikvalik W McGncfihiesmcghiesmcghieyhies the life and intrigues of W M gibson MA ihrsi university of hawaii 1958 from these and other sources

NOTES nedhedneffmeff hrhiehorhoe I leaned several of the highlights and important events and hovenwoven them into a narrated dramatization that condenses many historical detailIf tailtaiitali into a presentation that has and will acquaint many of the ithethe sound of mountain water garden city new york doubledayDouble davday saints in hawaii with a keyvey figure in the spiritual growth of the 1969 Fp 205 chiltchctiihch linkeilnilink e the play ends with one of the narrators john 2devotionaldevotional speeches of the year 1976 provo utah BYU press 1977 appp 310311310 311 parler ayinqsayincj butnutrutbut the life of lonatanalonatana napela is not just the story 3 young brigham university studies vol 21 summer 1981 p 262 of nymy family it is the story of the spirit and nobility of the fafaith-ith 4 bidibid p 273 tilttlfitful bakalianhawaiiannawainawal ianlan saints 5 from quinns unpublished manuscript I1 hophoehope it is alynlyonly one of many such histories of this area that 6frompfromfronfrom midgleys unpublished manuscript thiothrothrouilithtoiiqhuIli hicahisAhistoricalorical research and artistic rendering will bring to the 7 sunstonesuns tone review 2 vol 2pap2 p 15 people of hawaii and other islands an imaginative history of the 8metahistoryHetameta imagination hetahistoryhistory the historicalj in nineteenth century europe john froflohopttnsptfnsptons un prpresss 73 p 2 people and events of the pacific that they may never read about if baltimore universityveisijeisi fy es 1 V 27 9haydenahaydenQ they are only found in history textbooks in this way we may indeed hayden white tropics of discadisc2discourseurse baltimore lohndohnjohn hopkins 1978 p 125 make hfriendlendslonds with and perhaps for the past 10 ibid p 43 11 tegnerstegner p 209 12 ibid appp 206 207 13 quoted by robert A rees in truth as the naughterHa uhter of time notes toward an imaginative mormon history dialogueniaPiapla loue A journal of mormon thought 6 nos 3 A& 4 1971 17 14 west lafayettelayayetteLayayette indiana purdue university press 1931 p 214211 15 stegner p 205 16 new in search of paradise york duelldueil sloan & panipcni co 1906 vlic111311

19 2 hormonmormon pacific historical society glenngienn Y M lung third annual conference one week with about lh1 weeks for bailmailnaglnagimaglmagi to reach tonga for faster communications lg19 april 19821902 telephone andmwang telex service is fairly dependable statistical GRPWTHGROWTH OF THE LDS CHURCH IN sahaSAMAsamaaSAMOA anandAMD tomaTOWATONGA COVEREOTGOVERNIUM infoinationiwosowcism my presentation today has to do with the growth and status of the LDS church in american samossamoa is a protectorate of the united states accordingly its lifeslifestylefylekylekyie tonga and samoa samoa two samoa actually is countries western and americanUwrican sanoasamoa is noticeably oneoremoremoze westernized than its sister country wages and the standard of living inspirational stories by the history makers such as prebprespros eric shunwayshumway prespros pat dalton arehigherare higher while costsofcoeteof goods and serviservicescesarareazei e lower also there are moremonemove goods and or bishop inokienoki funaki serve to stir and build our souls but they contribute to or services available more coercecommerce become part of statistics statistics that help us to measure to project to plan western samoa is an independent monarchy headedbeaded by a primprime minister itzt has a and to succeed struggling economy based on export of locally grown food the people group themselves to better understand the growth of the LDS church in these three countries a into villages governed by chiefs called bataibalaibatalwataiwatalpatai this contributes to a strong feeling of little social studies is in order what they call raafaafralafrasa samoa or the samoan way land in samoa is obtained both by PRINCIPAL ISLANDS fee staplesimple purchase and lease rental american samoa is made up of the tultutuilaTuflullaluliacuila islands the largest of which is tutuila tongas monarchyonarchy is headed by a king who is supported by 33 tobiesnobles tongas eco- pago pago where the capital of is located plus three others called the mmuammumanuaa islands nomy is also based anon agriculture and fishing and money is a difficult commodity to western samoa has two main islands of upolu and savaii the capital abiaapia is obtain the people here also growgroup themselves into villages which conecome under juris- on upolu all islands of samoa are mountainous and lush with vegetation diction of the various dobiesnoblesdabies all land is tonga is owned by the king and it can be among the hundreds of islands of the kingdom of tonga the principal island is leased through the fiebigfiobig to whoawhom it is assigned Tongatonqataputongataputapu where the capital nukualofa is located tongataputongafcapuTonga laputapu is totally flat and sumarsSVWKKSSUMMARY appears from the air to be covered with coconut trees the large island of eua is just these descriptions provide the setting in which the LDS church finds itself for offshore on the east of tongatapuTonga tapu about eighty miles to the north is the haapaihalapal island the spreading of its gospel message living in a backward economy by modern standards group and another 180 miles further north is the vavau island group there are other the people in samoa and tonga maintain their sweet polynesian nature and are quite islands but these are the main ones for the LDSLOS church vavau is tropical lovely literate through efforts of the governments and the various churches the LDS church and samoa mountainous like operates 3 high schools 10 middle schools and 6 elementary schools there with a total DISTANCE AND transportation enrollment of well over 5000 students in the church all three countries are supervised from area headquarters which is THE LDS CHURCH IS SAMMSAMOA AND tomaTOWATONGA located in honolulu hawaii for both the ecclesiastical and temporal arms of the church tonga american samoa is 2700 miles from honolulu or 5ah5h hours by jet airplane that mormon missionaries first arrived in samoa in 1888 and by 1891 were also in is farther away than from hawaii to los angeles teaching the gospel statistical records are not available to accurately chronicle the there is no direct flight from hawaii to western samoa travellersTravellers must connect growth of the church in these three countries the stories we hear of these countries with another airplane which is a 45minute45 minute flight come from the journals the hearts and minds of those who live there and generally have paper will tonga is about 3300 miles from hawaii or a lslh hour flight frornofronenofrom western samoa not found their way into statistics therefore most of the remainder of this some travellerstravellers prefer to fly to tonga through fiji or new zealand this is a longer deal with the condition of the church as it stands now and some information from the more expensive route but they feel it provides better and more dependable service most recent years air transportation to these countries is spotty and often problematic there is tomaTOWATONGA was slowed tonga by a rule that no boat service to these three countries from hawaii all LDS shipments by boat to for years missionary work for the church greatly in these countries must come from new lealandzealand or the west coast of the US transportation permitted only 12 single foreign missionaries in the country at one time that rule stil by to the haapaihalapaiwalapai and vavau islands is by small airplane or the governmentownedgovernment owned ferry exists today it was only in the most recent decades that the problem was overcome communications the calling of local tongan saints as full time missionariesi frofrom 1977 to 19801990 under high point communications arearc reasonably good mail service from hawaii to samoa is about president slonesionestone latu of the tonga mission convert baptisms in tonga reached a averaging 2780 baptisms each year during that same period missionaries serving full 3 4 sanoaSAMOABANDA i1 fortortov nvmikudlovejoveragedjove raged 283 mcimeiandmcl reached a peak of 326 lato 1980 at thalthatchatchalghat timenimeglae tongstonga enjoyed the

1 sanoasamoa not have same the country not permitting foreign misaiaa iilflirstloll hest number ulof rillfillrilifullfuli I timetifnierinnie missionaries per capita of any other region in the church did the obstacle of pebbling lbsalsoaisaaaa entering grew a pace and inlu bothbullibolli ttinTttrinatintcingnin indand aboasilcoasilcoyamoa isslonarlcsmissionaries coonlycocommonlyonly lived in the lureshomesbomesimmes of the saintssainta thisthia lonarles therefore it at facterfaeterfastertaeler because of their family system living a holswholewhoie was baptizedbedged when liojoiniruitu iirihadbad the advantage of putting the lsslonarieemissionaries in close relationship with local eobersbobersemberseomembersbersbera village of it frequently occurred that hole village bapti sed dinto&into missionaries weremaramauaweg fortunate enough to convertconvect thebaebaazaswas chief or akaiagaiwataimetalwakai therefore by the autiautt it iltiu navegavefivenive direct involvement by the saintssainta in missionary work it also kept a high the wet atal eadcodandeodend 1981 aenosawasage hadbad a membership of US are grouped 2 regions ivlI v I olof01 ofnioniorymlhhioniry conscitiusnessrunmciousncks among the saintasaints however it created rnoproblemprobleas of crowded of salabeno 36513 these into ivi nge 1.1 1.1 ndeadeukk opup 10 and theae are wadsmadewaasade up over 105 wardawardswandsmaudawaudawanda and branches 1 assil thellietiiethoiho ibifiircanviwe atif privacy in oesome cases little talesfalestalea such as this picture of smailsmall of stakes these in turn nde of samoa many 1 121 tonga saadasaaoasance ny members through migration to khekhabhe united sanoasamoa was I rdrond ialolululislelasletasie were provided aean iaalonarymissionary quarters into the last year alspie 12121 x 12 utlelikeulto lost thetha states following bhe daaesaaeown pattern as tonga in using manyny as rumasumanwasmasman suchhuchhueh isaisismaim thisghisghinih picture of wood structure have been built which have no electricity or also successful in thetha local saints a plumbing liit in simply a bedbudbcdbedcoombudcoombedroomcooM the missionaries are still fedfad by the members and they full tilbiltimtimekime isslonariesmissionaries in 1979 they hitbithikhibbik high point of having 263 full timetl mission- tonga missionaries in sanoasamoa8 with and ilkils tonga IMrr ither their bathroombathrooms or restroomrestroo of the chapelschapela which are usually close by hiasionbiasionmission aries like live the saints lllte snallsnailsmall baabadobodrwbedroobbedbedroomnoabrooB quartetsquarters areseeaeeaxeegeega wagbeingmag fortoteorfoggot the missionaries khe yebrayearsyeara irinirioirloarienarlenarieh ithhisinits be eastlyeasily identified by their white shirts the missionary sistersslaters can likewise lag built laslonaries in thathe lastlostiaalisekisak six their

I1 missionaries averaged 1950 convert baptismsbaptibeeses pekperpeg year with a high of 25982590 baptismsbaptiseseesems in lirlie fiiicdni tiedthed crinfrimcrimfrom iferifnrafarhrar because of their tasteful solid color dresses and their taovalaataolvalas issiooariea 19891980 saaoaa population LOS intititstis iteitulisttitetiselie meantmeanecaiulicabulicairleiuliirieme vctlttghoumcameetlughouses for worship services wetmetmermerewere vanwenwawverywery prfitiveprialtiveprialtive and totally in isso because samoaIs ieIs largerlauger than tongas theirtheftkheir ids percent of the population to below tonga iiioiioiliilriiiiirqua it thisthihthin inIH a typical eetinghuuaemeetinghouse on tongatapuTonga tapu picturepictures half galvanizedgalvanisedeed iraniron on total la just that of ghe samoa 1 1 ao also theahe principal mosisana of transportation in and bereherebarebegehege too 11IHIIIIIM1o10 ansianaianal hilfhalbalhiir fcrocto roadrondfrond on top which has since been replaced by one like this picture llalxlaf ie ahaans the navenage chapels soxogewogmog 3 allesaliesmiles apart by end 19812981 1Al mrilrrnsakoak d ru hrickbrick cascadeIHCIIC isidabidgisidg however here isto a meetinghouse in vavau which isto still in church has tried to have not ore than lieshlasblas the of there

1 boy were 75 mosto9bousesetingnouses saskasamoa owned by bhe 3 showing maps upolu SaSava evvluribelueine Iiixliyioy piepicturepic turrture rfof roco frond tale the breakthrough in constructing seetlegbouseseetlnghousesitnft in the church elidesslidesnildes of vailliliiiiils 1 golgot eorfogtog tonga moramoreone 11 andtutalleand tutuilaeululia with a dotdist fortot every meetinghouse actually had ore meetinghousesMeetinghouses 1.1ii occuriiiriirredoccurretiretiresi in early 1980 when the smallswatiamail oasis design about 20120 x 40140 was created for 11 norry mage 201 i I1 members butbulbuk anymotor thenkhenkhem weremare the smallsmail 20 x 40401 oasia variety while almost of sambassamoaasamoas maimalmiilmilinill rigrootlimgrootiiieib linlim ifnf about 20 obersobera picture of new wood oasis meetinghouses owned by the balbat of witwir oasis all asonrymasonry andaraanaarm slew1 compete 411 meetinghouses luirdichurrhchurch initsitytty iunionlunritlubritluntonnatongaritrrtnit linnthenthunuinn raisereisaroseruseroae frofrom 56 into 1979 to 68 in 1980 to 87 in 1981 of course the full chapels were of full sleesize these figures with I in eyl oif irdlediadlrdizd rliiiclseisacloavisacloapelspelspets were still being constructed for the larger church units boutabout 23 of these allelian ofoil bewail lkahka tonga samoan hagenavenava wrewee i liirlii4ischnitnishis housen arearv masimanimamiifiiinrymasionrymansionryonry coitstructionconstruction Isin fact magazine articles in the country frequently likeaikekikeike saints have great difficulty obtaining cash they live largely 1 samoa an was 1980 receiving iierrier i iliflistilie clashyninitihyilashytihybehykehy hormonmormon chapelachaperiadolserus walking lato the principal leansweansmeansweana of transportation and off the Ilansiansland in western experiment tried in in tithing in produce enjoyed wiw tixilyt ry intsi havehavu chapt4sfliihfligh le not oreworemore than 3 ilesglealiesmiles apart accordingly ostoatsootwostwoot of the seatingseatinghousesbeetinghouseshouses kind such as shown here picture of truckload of this reasonable nowsnomnowmow newly program lgbiili11.11 lorfor ninniehinniesingle wininwards thistills slide shows the distribution of eetinghousesmeetinghouses in tonga map success under the announced church building requiring tithing faith-

.1 syr samoa shonhobholiiiuliishowillshotwillwillwihl i1 lotdot sigforcorair each meetinghouse fulfulnessness tithing in kind will be extended throughout salesawasawe eventually it isto also being arrorilltiaccordloij tototiov a mkerylrecenteritertl church news week ending 27 march 1982 both tonga and samoa considered for Ttongaungong a I I LOSLDS today both tonga and sawa walls areaueauw rising for each temples both IIitaitu11 tiieilia foreign countries of the world in the percent of the population that isto in tamasanasuna sala at of their ihnthat wisuiswasmanwan lititietriteerhieerbietietiu in 14701970 when 1760z or about i54wls480 of tongas 90000 population vasvaawaswaa temples are about at the sasame stagisstage of construction samoas templelempietempie is located in insibnIDSIAS ilirrrthere were about I1 stakes then comparedcowcom pared to 7 now they were still neabernuabernumber one in posega right at the front entrance of the church college of wesleenwesternwesteen sanoasamoa tongsstongas complet1cps 1980 with 184818.48 of1 thetirrtirecheebe people being LDS in tonga sanoasamoa followed closecloae behind in second teepletempietemplekemplekempie ieto being built alongside the front entrance of liahona high school cabpletiqn piaveplaveilie wilhwith 159921599315.992 orair about 2700027.000 of samoas people being LDSLOS in 1970 and 1413z1413i in1 1980 of these teeplestemples isto expected around the endand of this year thisthia will be the crowning bring them a newnemnownom height votal IISlisils S mvburshipmemliership in tonga at the encene if 1981 was 26529 I1 was told that it would blessing for the saints in these countries to to of spiritual hffititeiye closerelonerclomer luto 16xxj60uo ittf so many of the LDS didnt leave tonga for hawaii and the mainland aturltynsturlty INUS niehe11teme saintssaines are divided into 3 regions made up of 7 stakes which in turn are SUMMARY myy sa manager presidingpres iding work eilemademile upii off over 105 wards and branches it has been priviprivilegelegit as in the rres bishoprics office to samoa KKIIFRKIIT rfi10rt ON VVIAGF frohFRUHFROM 3 MARCH 1982 MRRICANEHURRICANE with the saints in tonga andendasaaroaso sakabakabama and to visit their very lovely countries nithbilthwithbrith the ansanymany facing them soaiasome aand some econoeiceconomic they araereaua generally good members problem th cultural at of the church all around you can vicegice that sweet spirit of polynesia the simplicity and the devotion thattharthertherethera is so uchmuchwuch acremorsmoremonewone that can be said of saadasaaoasamoa and tonga but the 21 5 purpose of this presentation was to give a very brief overview of the church there it is my hope that you have just a little better understanding and appreciation for our sister countries in the south pacific many of their number live right here among us in iialiaItahawaiiwailwallwali

212 7 1 1 M I

14 r 4 r I1 04 0 40 ji

ji

914 gor uiaula ia x soroor V 1 6 r

lp I1 lualnaJUN

ID IN c VI r- in r ta r c

74

I1 nin lf

23

kfiafiviivil

i8ia

c C 40ao v3va 4o 0000.00 0c

05 n-cf 4 0 t u pip 000ooo e v x jaj6 0 0 co 00oo

fA 00t lp 0diloil 0 Q

S riiril c CZ ot ir-lirliaIIA tap30 soissols s silsails1111 vii2or 0 o I1T 1 virdirv ni liitiitil14714.7 iils I 1 S 5 IT c VI

2 1 il 40 yo UP 1 0 ti q0qa

fr atyt

44otioiaOVI

1

0 by

the kekauoha sisiefaeegeluelgpluaeap third annual MMMPHS conference bruBWBXU healdhealuhauaii ccnpiscapuscwpus laie 10april10 aprilapuli 1982

LAIE I1 raiKAKAL zu laielaleIAIEUUZ LWLAND CFCP THE nowsFLOWERS oanposedcimposedolmcomposedOanCimposed by alvin K isaacs for the sis- oanposedcimposedcomposedOanCimormposed by a young man fromeromeromoyrameromm pahoapauoa valley ter theuthethemthemordsordswordswores are most appropriateappeteappere farforfae of this lovely island of oahubahu he was then such a choice land a iiiirkrikarlerarkeraiLer1 of the hawaiian infantry of the 2nd world war called the 298 these young 1 nani wale no oe laie i ka hilu men were carping in laie prior to going over ka aina hookipahookipa na malihinemalimalphinehine eier seaseas and his nawnamnane was kaneaiakala A family of fithitfhtaunchstaunch ambersmmbersmanbers in our church he has 2 ike ia kou nani kou hamhana noealnoeau sinceyince passed anon beyond this existence kaulanakeaulana no oeop laie toho e kam oi laie land of the flflowersadersoders with its re- 3 he hoku alalakaiakali laietalelale kuubuu hane frain of ginger lei puuhonua valenaevagenage malemaemage no na hana roamoamma kanae twilight over laie where shadows fall beneath the waves 4 hanohano wale oe kouvu lelaawelalaHa nani trusting me here in laie telling me I1 na hana pili lani no na kini lehulehulehulehu that youll always be minejustmine just mine laie land of the flowers where 5 behe aina aloha a hemolelehemolele no shadows fall beneath the wavesmavesmoves he aina ua lako na pono no aapaupau 1 6 hea akuam ka inoa E o maimalmat NNINANI ILAZE eo laie A knownmown throughout laie kam iu no e kam very popular song the i laie oi church in hawaii and is sung in all gather- ings in laie and abroad the conosercanccnoserposer was raskalaska kalso who husband pele was a member laielaleIAIETA KUU almainaalnaAIM ALMALOHA luikalulka kaiokalokallo of imposedcmposedconpased by a son of laie charlesall laniaumaniau a large family in laielale kamauoha howho has since left this existence and only has been joined by his wife afoon 1 nani laie i ke ala ona pua I1 ka within the last five years uluwehiwehi aoaloago ka plinapaina boikebolke Aai oe i kounouwu nani i ka malamaiamalanalanamalanmaianmalamalamamaimaalanaaianamalama 1 laie kulu aina aloha aina hoohoohihiholohihiholohosohihihihl a ka aaolo10 ka uwiladwila mali malihinihini chorus nani ike haaheo ka ka pookelapolokela 0 hawaii neinelnet kara puuhanuapuuhonua 0 laie i lilliiwilkailkaii la i ka lahui luna aoaloaso lanihuliLanihuli la ka hoku kaulanakeaulana ia marikinama kahikinamahikina repeat 2 0 kou ummau malamaiamoala pua aalaaada limie ia mai e ka kakanimakani 2 nani laniltalaniloaLaniloa i ka dmehu ehu 0 ke kai hoohenoheno me ka nahina puana nainalmaimal kaiedkaledka ieoleo hone hanohano no oe e ia nei hi laie I1 hoapili oe no beauty hole ia ualwaiwalmai makaikalmakaimakalmakalikalimakalik alikalkaiapi aka malihinimalihini 3 hiehle no 0 lwwwlilanihuliLanihulihullhuil me na kukuikukul malanamalama lanaianalamaiama kaulanakeaulana oe ma hawaii nei ka Paraparadaisodaiso 0 submitted by sister isabella kekauoha ka noana lin kee assisting her are her sisterssissipters rahab kekauoha au and ruby kekauoha enos nuu nani chorus laie fulu aina aloha aina na runti uluwehi aahlcehinehinahinehlwehl rupapaipa 0 ka aina laie ka halehaighalg laalalaiala ku kilkiiklikilakilakimkilakimmilakiMkilaakila I1 ka pollpoli 0 ihenolelhemdle e

27 2 assignment TO KONA

edward L clissold my compancompanionionlon elder roscoe cox was one of his strongest mi- sionssionariesaries was fluent in the language and would be of great help the assignment to kona came to me while laboring at laie to me as I1 strove to learn the language from E wesley smith the mission president I1 had been in the he told me I1 would go by ship to hilo since the ships to islands four months having arrived july 27 1921 I1 was the kona side of the big island were infrequent and that from married and left my wife in salt lake city expecting a child in 1 would be taken kona by one of the members with a car december hilo I to in going by car he said I1 would be passing through kau and I1 had spent one month in the oahu conference wahiawaWahi awa south kona on the way to Nanapoopoopoopoo both of which areas were in waialuaWai alua pearl city and waialaewaianae areas I1 was then transferred the southern hawaii conference to laie to work in the temple the temple had been in operation brother sam john an elder in the hilo conference had been less than two years and the ordinance work was carried on largely asked by by president smith to take me to kona we left by the temple president his assistant the recorder and the letter at 500 in the morning not long after leaving the boundaries missionaries needless to say I1 enjoyed this work immensely of the hilo sugar plantation we entered the ohia and femfern forests and in the three months formed a lasting love for the temple and fea became as we ascended and when we reached the its ordinances these thicker volcano area we were surrounded by great trees ferns and a when I1 told the missionaries and the saints in laie about variety of vegetation my assignment the usual question was what have you done to we had lunch at the volcano house and I1 was intrigued by deserve this banishment kona had the reputation of being the the columns of steam rising around us from the hotel lanai most primitive area in the mission and since there was no trans- all we looked across two miles of black lava constituting the floor portationpor tation available for missionaries laboring there involved a only a portion was great deal of walking of the old kilauea crater small of it still active evidenced on the far side by a column of steam and smoke I1 left laie with some regrets on november 15 in honolulu we went on in brother johns T model ford without incident for a day and a night before the ship sailed for the big island along the forests across kau desert and through the planta- I1 had several discussions with prisidentpresidentpr4sident smith he told me that tion towns of cahalapahala and naalehuNaalehu we crossed several laval flows I1 was going to the largest conference in the mission that in one or two so recent that the roads through the flows had not the 130 mile length of the conference there were about 300 been paved and consisted of crushed and rolled lava saints and because of their being widely scattered over the area we arrived at Nanapoopoopoopoo in the late afternoon of november 17 it was difficult to organize and operate branches he said that

28 3 4 to find elder roscoe cox and elder boyd davis at the mission the next morning brothers john and davis left to return to home busily engaged making sandwiches for the conference to be hilo brother cox and I1 sat down to make plans for our work held the next day he said that he had heard from president smith that I1 was spend- after dinner as we sat around in the lamplight there being ing much time and effort studying the language and for that no electricity in the house elder cox told us that the house reason had been sent to kona to be tutored by him and to labor belonged toco a brother and sister makekau of honolulu since with people most of whom spoke only hawaiian I1 told elder cox leaving kona they had given it rent free for the use of the that I1 was determined to learn the language that in setting mission like most kona houses it stood on stilts making a me apart as a missionary elder melvin ballard had stated that I1 free space underneath the outside walls of which were lattice was being sent to the right place that I1 would find the food and the area enclosed used mostly for storage of one kind or palatable the conditions agreeable and that the language would another be given to me as a gift I1 added that I1 expected this blessing elder cox described the limits of the conference 130 miles only after the maximum effort on my part that I1 had been memo- long and from the top of the mountain to the seashore and about rizing ten hawaiian words a day since I1 first went to laie and his and elder boyds work he told me that my clothes polished that I1 would greatly appreciate his help his answer was that shoes and a serge suit were not suitable for kona and that I1 from that time forth we would converse in hawaiian As I1 found should get much heavier shoes and have a khaki suit made the myself unable to give expression in hawaiian I1 was to revert trousers of which should be made as riding pants to accommodate to english only long enough to give him the thought and he putteesputteenput tees the full uniform consisted of the khaki suit khaki would tell me how to say it in hawaiian shirt black tie and a lauhala hat the shoes were made useful this program was very frustrating to me and on many by nailing a half sole made from the tread of an automobile occasions I1 could have resorted to violence as he interrupted me tire elder cox and elder davis were wearing such clothes and and particularly as he pulled my coat tail when I1 was speaking brother cox said thatchatthacchac all of the missionaries on the big island and used english in anything but the words necessary to introduce who labored in the country districts and had much walking to do myself I1 had the good sense however to know that it was all over lava flows wore this type of clothing I1 went to bed for my benefit and so persevered very favorably impressed with the south hawaii conference and after our discussion we made a tour of the large yard and elder cox ay new companion elder coxs vegetable garden he was growing carrots sweet potatoes tomatoes squash and beans and there were numerous

29 5 6 papaya and banana trees on the lot the ground had a volcanic after three or four days at the mission home we packed our base and was only suited for garden in spots between the rocks faikispaikis small suitcase and left Nanapoopoopoopoo for a tour of our where much digging had pulverized the lava and rotting vegetation district to the north in traveling from the mission home on the had made soil seashore up to the county road which encircles the island a elder cox explained that he and elder davis depended distance of about three miles we passed the coffee mill and largely upon the garden for food as the nearest store was three the drying platforms this plant exuded a pungent odor not miles away and very little fresh food was obtainable at it from the coffee bean but from the drying husks that cover the bean their diet consisted of vegetables and fruits from the yard the climb was steep and required some effort the traffic saloon crackers in cans some canned jellies meats condencondensedsed was sparse and very seldom did any vehicle pass which offered any milk diluted to pour over boiled squash and fish and poi when relief to us from our strenuous walking given to them by the saints our conference district extended from the volcano on the when I1 asked about the source of water I1 was told the people south and east around to Punapunanahulunahulu on the north except for the in kona depended almost entirely upon rain for their drinking kau desert and 18 miles between kahukukahuhu and papa the county water each house had a large tank into which the tin roof road ran through little villages and clusters of homes valleys and gutters drained the rains were sufficiently heavy I1 learned that the area of the big island is about 4000 and frequent to keep the tanks full most of the time but square miles being two thirds of the total area of all the occasionally the sediment coming through the tap indicated that islands and that the population of the big island was around the water was getting low in the tank 60000 people making the population density about 15 persons to with no electricity dependence was placed upon a kerosene the square mile the people lived largely on the seashore or stove for cooking A portable tin box was set over the burners along the highway there being very little usable land in between when an oven facility was needed in the whole length of kona some 75 or 80 miles there were no on one occasion soon after arriving we bought a package of agricultural products other than coffee and fruit in fact the raisins at the store and when I1 read a recipe for raisin pie on whole area is the western slope of mauna loa from a distance the package I1 thought I1 would venture it we had no flour or the slope looked so gradual one could imagine riding up on it shortening but I1 borrowed a small amount from the mother of the on a bicycle but there being no plateaus or flat places areas owner of the mission home the pie turned out pretty well and to be used for school playgroundsplay grounds athletic fields etc had elder cox was delighted to be made by cutting into the moutain side and leveling

30 7 8

coffee groves along the highway were owned or operated from this journey I1 learned two important things firstf that largely by japanese occasionally an hawaiian home would have a I1 was greatly blessed in having a wonderful companion a man few trees the hawaiians living in the area depended upon dry- full of faith and diligence friendlyandfriendly and understanding deeply land taro for poi and every family had some area or contact at in love with the work of the lord and the hawaiian people secondly the beach for fishing these two staples fish and poi augmented I1 got a fairly good idea of the pattern of missionary work in with canned corned beef and fruits and vegetables constituted kona at that time the saints being scattered as they were and the mainstay of the hawaiians diet transportation being practically nill the chapels were only we had several chapels scattered through the district all partly filled on sunday and the branch organizations were far of which were old and situated on parcels of land where there from being complete this necessitated the teaching of widely were outcroppings of lava and the inevitable guava and lantana different ages of children in one class and as there was little bushes no attempt had been made or was being made to beautify lesson material in hawaiian it became necessary to translate the chapel sites it was thought sufficient to keep the path to the reading material for the older group the front door open and keep the building clean since the missionaries only two in this large district were As cox and 1 walked along highways we greeted elder I the I1 unable to be at but one chapel each sunday several weeks would people at work in their yards and stopped to talk when ever pass before a particular branch could be visited again and in the opportunity afforded a conversation one early morning we saw meantime the work would be entirely under the direction of the a suntanned man approaching us I1 said this japanese is up branch president and his helpers the sunday meetings were augmented early brother cox said he is not japanese he is hawaiian by cottage meetings which were held by the missionaries as they As we passed I1 said ohayochayo gozaimasu brother cox said traveled from place to place and were able to gather the saints aloha nui the man answered good morning and walked on in a home As the missionaries visited the saints in a particular elder cox knew well the areas where the saints and other area to give notice of a cottage meeting they would contact non hawaiians lived and we were continually breakingawaybreaking away from the members and invite their attendance at the same time they smooth highway to climb up or down to these homes we were would promote such gospel conversation as was appropriate and always warmly received and invited to stay if evening was leave tracts coming on on this trip we were gone from the mission home the infrequency of the attendance of missionaries at the for 21 laysdays slept in 19 different homes and walked about chapel meetings because of the size of the district and the lor10 miles difficulty of travel resulted in nuchmuch of the contact with the

31 9 10 saints being made in cottage meetings the prime responsibility in the1920stheche 1920s the hawaiians were at the height of their of the missionaries was to keep in touch with the members where political powers others of the population malihinismalibinismalimallmailhinisbinis except ever they lived to hold cottage meetings as frequently as possible a few haoleshables had not become sufficiently assimilated to be to proselyte among non members inviting them to services and deciding factors at the polls As a result practically all holding leadership meetings with the branch officers whenever elective offices were held by hawaiiansHawaii ans they were the leg- possible this program relegated true missionary work teaching islaislatorstors the county supervisors the county clerks and treasurers non members to the second of the elders responsibilities the police and police court judges the court attendants and record keeping was no small task as diligent elders were school teaching staffs they did much of the road building and continually finding members who had moved into the area or had maintenance and were the principal laborers at the docks been inadvertently overlooked by previous missionaries the japanese in kona were mostly of the first generation and elder coxs work as conference president was to keep a few of them understood english they had come to hawaii as complete record of our visits and of the branch organization indentured plantation workers and had spread out into the com- meetings the cottage meetings and the ordinances that were munitiesmunities seeking their own livelihood after their contracts were performed we had an occasional baptism of a child who had completed reached the age of eight and after one intensive campaign through- the haoleshables living in the area mostly in the plantation out the whole district had a special baptismal day on which 19 towns at the ranch centers and ports were in supervisory adults and children were baptized and confirmed into the church positions either in commerce the sugar plantations and mills this pattern of missionary work was pleasant and gratifying or on the ranches many of thenthem could trace their roots back as the members responded so joyously to the missionary visits to the first missionaries or the adventureadventureousous who came seeking and the cottage meetings to the missionary who wanted to opportunities in new fields spend all of his time carrying his message to the nonmembernon member As to the religion of the people in kona it was somewhat as however the pattern left much to be desired follows the hawaiiansHawaii ans of a naturally religious nature the population of the kona area consisted mostly of hawaiiansHawaiians belonged either to the catholic the calvin or the mormon church japanese haoleshables and a few each of other races the mormons were in the minority and although the mission the hawaiiansHawaiians with few exceptions were the older people had been in the islands seventy years conversion of the natives and the very young the older teenagers and the young married was slow couples having left for school or to work in more lucrative the japanese were mostly budhistsbuddhists they had their own areas

32 it 12 temples and their worship was quiet and unseen the language I1 was eager that the wife hear our message and made it a barrier isolated them from close association with the other point to talk to her at length several times she finally found races and eliminated them as prospects for proselyting herself debating whether she should embrace mormonism her the haoleshables living in kona claimed a variety of religious husbands religion and bring with her her three children into persuasions those who were descendants of the original calvin the church or continicontinueAe studying the literature and attending her missionaries were devout supporters of the protestant church in own church which she did regularly at kealakekuaKealakekua until such tinedinetimecime kealakekuaKealakekua how deeply their religious background influenced as a church organization was effected in kailua which could offer their lives I1 didnt know but they seemed content with their her children the degree of excellence in religious instruction church connections and it supplied the real or imagined need of that they were receiving at her own church she explained this some relationship with god dilemma to me one day and then added that she hoped I1 would agree contacts with these people and the faculties of the schools that she owed it to her children to take them to her own church afforded welcome opportunity for discussing the gospel in english for the time being they seemed to enjoy the visits of the missionaries were always I1 saw clearly that if she had the faith she could join the hospitable frequently offering bed and board for a day or two church and with her talents and prestige help build in kailua but somewhat indifferent to the missionaries message hostmost of an organization which would be entirely satisfactory to her my them had automobiles and could travel to their own chapel an vocal answer however was that I1 was sure in time she would join imposing one in kealakekuaKealakekua in the center of the kona area the church and I1 hoped until that time came she would continue to one of such contacts which was a joy to make was a family study and teach her children from the church literature which her living in kailua the main port of kona the father of the family motherinlawmother in law made sure was in their home was a member of the church but had been inactive for many years across from their modemmodern home was the courthouse and along mainly because of the lack of a branch organization in his area side of it the county jail the jailer was on our list as an he had a fine modern home a lovely wife and three children and investigator and like paul of old we finally baptized him and the missionaries were always welcome there the welcome was his family they became stalwarts and around this family a especially warm when the fathers mother from ogden was visiting substantial branch was eventually built in kailua with the family she had been a relief society president was a another pleasant contact was at the ranch in puuanahulu very faithful latterlatterdayday saint and took a motherly interest in this was the center of a large cattle operation and sonesome of our the missionaries and their welfare members worked for the owner hewe were always welcome at the

33 13 14 ranch headquarters and never failed to be invited to stay over- I1 have said nothing in this paper so far about the climate night we accepted the hospitality with gratitude but were and the beauty of nature in kona the climate could be described never able to reciprocate to the point of accepting our their with slight modification by one word perfect only occasionally gift the gospel were the stostormsm heavy or the sun too hot most of the time the of these fine haole people throughout our district were all temperature was delightful with little variance the year around completely absorbed the management of own whether in their affairs and the seasons only slightly marked by an over abundance of was growing raising commercecomnercemerce or fishing it coffee cattle rain or lack of it enterprises and had time or interest to give to young little As a result of these more or less even climatic conditions missionaries who devoted their time to walking through the area and fertile soil where the lava had not covered it fruit visiting and working with the hawaiian people trees flowers and native vegetation grew luxuriantly elder cox and I1 found that many of them had not previously kona bananas are of the finest the avocados are equal to been visited by the missionaries and became quite apparent that it any grown in the islands many avocado trees grow on the side many elders laboring in kona felt that of the three categories of the highway and we would frequently stop to pick some or eat living there the haoleshables in administrative positions in commercial a ripe one always carrying a spoon and a little sugar in our and agriculture pursuits the japanese working largely in the faikispaikis mangoes were abundant and delicious as were glavasguavas coffee industry and the hawaiiansHawaii ans the hawaiians were the only pineapples where planted grew vigorously the flowering tress ones they could effectively reach and hence of their efforts all in june and july made some areas a veritable paradise were directed towards the development of the church among the only a botanist would attempt to enumerate the species and hawaiiansHawaii ans varieties of the vegetation on one occasion after elder cox and I1 became the senior left As one walked or rode along the highway wherever there was elder I1 made a point to of the haole people living it visit all an opening or clearing on the lower side of the road a beautiful in kealakekuaKealakekua including the minister of the protestant church vista was to be had of the lower slope the shoreline sparkling he welcomed me and my companion and his wife prepared a lovely in spots with sandy beaches and again with white foam splashing lunch for us but he politely declined to discuss religion with high as the waves dashed against the lava rocks us or hear our message he bade us god speed in our labors beyond the shore as far as the eye could see was the calm implying that we should continue as the missionaries had been blue ocean marked by currents that gave it the appearance of blue doing devoting ourselves to the religious welfare of the hawaiians on blue patch work these markings on the sea werewere called

aj7j 1 15 16

the pathway oftheof the gods and hence the name of the principal knowing it highway town kealakekuaKealakekua elder cox and I1 labored together until april of 1922 when one of the most interesting activities of the kona area was we left the district togoto go to the mission conference at laie the loading of cattle for shipment to honolulu the cattle boats about two weeks prior to this I1 had a dramatic and specific ful- would anchor about 100 yards off shore in deep water and send in fillfillmentment of the promise given me by elder ballard no doubt an barges to the very edge of the water the cattle would have been important part of the fulfillment was the great urge I1 had to corraleecorraledcorraled at beach stations the night before and in the early learn the language and the heirhelohelheiheip received as I1 studied and built morning the cowboys would lasso the steers and one by one gallop a vocabulary them down through the surf throwing the lasso rope to one of the As elder cox and I1 visited the saints day by day most of crew of the barge who would then pull the animal into the water them hawaiian I1 listened to the hum of his hawaiian speech with- until it floated and tie it by the horns to the gunnel of the barge out the slightest understanding of what he was saying sentence uhenwienmienwhen cattle were tied all around the barge it was rowed out melted into sentence and paragraph into paragraph until it all to the ship and there the animals were lifted one by one by the seemed like one interminable word horns or by a sling under the body up into the ship one day and I1 can remember the time and place it was at kona was also noted as a great fishing area and one could a saints home in holualoaHolualoa about midmorningmid morning brother cox was seldom look out to sea without seeing fishing boats anchored a sitting up on the lanaitalkinglanai talking to an elderly hawaiian woman short way off shore or father out plying back and forth as the I1 was sitting on the lowest step playing with some smooth pebbles fishermenfishermen trolled for the larger specimens some of the all of a sudden I1 became conscious of brother coxs speech and swordfish taken from the kona area have been the largest caught began to clearly understand many words that I1 had memorized I1 on record seemed to feel a buzz in nymy ear at that moment and to my great whenever our travels took us to a port our first interest elation realized that I1 was hearing and understanding everything was to call at the post office for forwarded mail on december elder cox was saying from thatthetchatchac day on I1 understood completely 15 we were at kailua lleile arrived at kailua in the early morning all that he said in hawaiian and understanding greatly increased and at the post office I1 received a short note from my sisterinsister in my fluency in speaking law in salt lake city stating that my wife had given birth to a elder cox was pleased with my progress in the language to baby girl on december 5 although I1 had been expecting word of the point that he persuaded the mission president to call upon this event when it actually arrived I1 was stunned particularly me at conference to speak and to state as he introduced me that to try to realize that I1 had been a father for ten days without

35 17 18

I1 would speak in hawaiian I1 evidently came up to his expectations represented some 75 to 100 miles one way as he congratulated me warmly after the meeting we left the Nanapoopoopoopoo area after the sunday morning meetings huchmuch to my delight at the conference we were reassigned to and walked as far as kealla kona with two additional missionaries elders leo alienallenailen and after several visits along the road evening found us at the kendall williams to assist us elder cox took one and I1 the home of a nonmembernon member who always treated us with great kindness other as we began again our labors in the conference and hospitality this time was no exception and she invited us I1 dreaded the time to come when elder cox and I1 would be to stay with her for the night separated it occutxedoccunpa however when president smith came to As we chatted after dinner she told us that she had been kona to dedicate the chapel in october I1 wrote in my diary on teaching school for 34 years and in that time had had 14 children october 19 1 I1 dont suppose I1 will be fortunate enough to have her husband was a judge in a nearby village As we said goo- another companion like him in fact I1 believe missionaries of dnight we told her that we would be off very early in the morning his caliber are very much in the minority helihellheiiheilwell aloha nui ia in order to get over the lava flows before the sun became too hot oe koki mau no ke aloha she made no comment but when we arose at 500 am she was already elder kenneth weaver was sent to replace elder cox he in the kitchen preparing breakfast for us arrived on october 29 A veteran of0 country missionary work we started at 600 visited some saints at papa and dropped he easily accommodated himself to our conditions and routine down the long rough trail to milolii on the seashore here we I1 had been notified by president smith that I1 would be trans- visited all of the saints in the village and accepted the hosp- ferred in december elder weaver knew of this and suggested that itality of a good member who gave us for dinner the bestshebest she had we go through the conference together this we did going first some sour poi and very salty fish out of a barrel A fork full to north kona the saints responded quickly to elder weavers of the fish prompted a swift spoon into the poi bowl to counteract easy and friendly manner they listened enrapt as he spoke and the salt then as we swallswallwedswallowedwed the sour poi it wasnt so hard to expressed their happiness in his appointment to preside over them get back to a little more fish after returning to napoopoouapoopooNaUapoopoo we made preparations to go to A big banana or some other piece of fruit would have finished the south As we talked about the trip we decided we would go off the meal but there was none to be had without purse or scrip depending entirely upon the goodness of the following day we hiked back up the trial and on some 18 the people to take care of us there being very little traffic miles to waiohinu we had several members of the church here and through the area we expected to cover most of it by walking which I1 was particularly interested in visiting a school teacher who 19 20 was not a memberofmember of the church later her grandson joined the we left before the sun came up and walked for several miles church and she supported him as he served a mission with us in along the beach towardthetoward the little town of Punapunaluupunalualuu the drinking japan water at hapaiswas partly brabrackishbraakishbra&jshakish and it was difficult to quench we learned in waiohinu of some members who lived on the our thirst completely As we walked along in the heat of the homesteads below waiohinu and of a family who lived down at the rising sun I1 became very thirsty and rationedrmtionedmentioned it to eldeideldereider heaverweaver seashore in a place called kamilo we spent a day going through he agreed thatitthatisthatchacchab it was hot and that we had a long distance to go the homesteads visiting the people and the night with a good before we would get any relief we finally left the seashore and brother and sister As we approached their home in the dark cut up over the lava plateau toward naalehuNaa lehu As we walked my the dogs began to bark and the lamp went on when we were thirst increasea and I1 finally decided that nothing would within hearing distance we called out our names and as we quench it but an orange I1 repeated this to elder weaver several approached the house there was considerable bustling about and times and finally he became a little irritated and said why some little time elapsed before the door was opened do you keep talking of oranges there is no possibility of we were warmly welcomed and after visiting with the family finding an orange tree in this desert and having a bite to eat were asked to spend the night with finally we went through a fence and in the distance saw a them when we went to bed we found the warmth of the parents Vatgatwateringering trough for cattle I1 thought here at last was the still in the mattress they had arisen from their own bed possibility of quenching our thirst As we approached the trough and changed the linen to make a bed for us I1 noticed some yellow object on a board that partly covered it the following morning we walked down to the seashore and I1 fixed my eye on this object and as we came closer and closer I1 spent the day with brother and sister havalhapai he had seen us realized that I1 was looking at several oranges brother weaver approaching as the area above his house was treelesss and desert- said what in the world is this I1 cant believe myraymay eyelleyesleyes like in the time between seeing us and our arrival he went into we took the oranges they were not even warm from the sun the bay and caught two lobsters these his wife prepared for our and were fresh As I1 peeled one the thought occurred to me why dinner and they were delicious would we have oranges and water at the same place then upon this family lives in this isolated spot extracting a meager examining the water trough I1 found that the outlet from the pipe living from fishing and a small garden they were so pleased to coningcoming down over the plateau into the trough was tightly boarded have visitors that we spent all the next day with them when we up to protect it from breakage by the cattle leaving available said goodnight we told them that we would be off early in the morning only water unfit for human consumption

37 21 22

we ate the fruit and went on our way rejoicing restaurant near the sugar mill and would we please go there and we made canynanymany guesses as to how the oranges got there but eat before the meeting our remonstrances were to no avail finding no satisfactory solution decided that sincepince we were in when we entered the restaurant the chinese cook welcomed us and the lords work and were traveling without purse or scrip they told us to sit down and our dinner would be ready shortly had been placed there through the intervention of sonesoaesome friendly in a few minutes he brought us each a big steak with vege- unseen messenger tables and hot bread we finally reached the county voadgoadroad and as we walked along we had a good meeting and a good rest the following morning toward cahalapahala we passed a herd of cattle I1 told elder heaverneaverweaver we left cahalapahala to walk to the volcano some 18 nilesmiles distant that having had nothing but poi and fish other than the lobster at the last little store in the village we saw a pile of and oranges for several days I1 would really enjoy a good steak peanuts in the window I1 suggested to brother weaver that we buy he countered with the statement that there was a very slight some to eat on the road he reminded me that we were traveling possibility of our getting steak at the homes of our members or without purse or scrip and shouldnt be spending money for peanuts friends I1 agreed and we went on in cahalapahala we visited our most active family and asked if kieviewe had not gone very far however when a little japanese we might hold a cottage meeting at her home she agreed and we boy called after us and upon coming up to where we were standing put out to visit the several houses inviting the people to the reached into his pockets and put peanuts into our hands he meeting made no comment but smiled and ran back to the village before leaving Nanapoopoopoopoo we had arranged for our mail to be As elder weaver and I1 walked along we marveled at the forwarded to cahalapahala calling at the post office we each received occurnmoesoccuresnces of the last two days which had given us convincing a letter or two and elder heaverweaver got a small box sent by his proof that the lord is mindful of not only the simple needs but mother As he opened it and found a half dozen red apples care- the wishes of his servants hevie had expressed a desire to quench fully packed I1 reminded him that he had expressed a desire for our thirst with oranges the oranges were supplied elder weaver an apple as we walked along the road and saw some mangoes which had wished for an apple it was waiting at the post office we were too green to eat thought we would like a beef steak and our good member antici- uhenwhen we came back to the members home at dinner time she pated our wants and ordered it for us at the restaurant how the apologized saying that she had little in the house that would be little boy knew we wanted peanuts we never learned he may have palatable to us and so had ordered our dinner at the chinesechinese seen us looking at them in the store window or heard my remark

38 23 24 but here again our wish was supplied and the principles of the gospel my learningmylearning of which preceded As I1 tell the story of my labors in kona I1 see the faces of his so many people who though I1 have not seen them for years remain e the dear lady mentioned above not a member of the chuch fixed in my memory and dear to my heart here they are at random but out of the goodness of her heart and a great christian spirit a A sister near the volcano wife of a rancher he not a she welcomed and entertained missionaries in her honehome she was member but she a most devoted one deprived of church attendance 55 years old had taught school for 34 years and had had 14 because of the islationisolation of her abode she read the scriptures children regularly and made up for her lack of association with the members f another hawaiian from kalaoakalaba who was assigned to me as by heaping hospitality and love upon the missionaries when they a companion for a short period he had a slight disfigurement came to her home in his face and unruly hair the combination of which would have bab A dear couple down in kamilo living alone on the denied him any prize at a beauty show but if a picture could seashore eking out a living from the sea they too far from a have been taken of his spirispirlspiritt it would have taken a blue ribbon chapel or even from other church members carried on their own we slept together on the floor on the ground and on rough lau- worship in their humble home and patientpacientpatiently1yay waited for the mission- hala mats oft times I1 would look at his face as he slept and aries to come and spend a night or two to me looking through the outward to the inward he was beautiful c A little baby born to a mother married to a nonmembernon member kona with its climate its sights its fragrance its on the kahukukahuhu ranch the most beautiful baby I1 have ever seen mountains and seashores its clouds and blue skies and mostly d A family at realia the mother had died and the father its people will ever be dear to me there I1 learned the meaning was raising five sons and a daughter their home was a mile or of love and felt the great joy of full service in the work of so above the county road and could be reached only by foot or the lord on the back of an animal these were pure hawaiiansHawaiians all of I1 anam not a poet but occasionally I1 indulaeindulge in sentimental the children spoke english learned at school but preferred to doggerel I1 wrote these lines in my scrapbook soon after use hawaiian when at home with their father he was the presi- leaving kona dent of the pahoehoe branch and never missed a meeting the oldest of his sons became my missionary companion for several weeks and I1 shall ever treasure the days spent with him listening to his wonderful hawaiian speech and trying to teach him english

39 25

KONA there are no grass shacks in kona and hawaiians dont wela ka hao tho sometimes steel guitars are heard on the beach at hoonaunau but that isnt the charm of kona its a deeper more subtle thing it is more than a song in the moonlight or the swish of the hula swing

it may be the swaying palm trees or the slope of the coffee grove it may be the spray of the waves oer the rocks or the calm of a sheltered cove perhaps its the swetofswepofsweep of the hillside stretching up up under the clouds or maybe the break in the forest where the tumbling lava crowds

the ocean pathways glisten when seen from the high winding road how picturesque the old native with his donkey carrying a load

like the charm of a lovely lady whose virtue with beauty combines to weave the spell of her presence and no one point defines

so kona and her people the slope the clouds and the sea combine in sweetsweetperfusionperfusion to bring enchantment to me 2

and published a remarkable book in the hawaiian language called sanitary halterwalterwaiter murray gibson shepherd LDS leader of lanai instructions for hawaiianshawailansHawaii ans this book was a manual on medical hygiene to aid the hawaiian people who were dying off rapidly from diseases introduced by one of the most influential exciting colorful and perhaps least haoleshables understood men of the rilneteenthfflneteenth ftnturysenturyventury was walter hurraymurray gibson gibson became the champion of causes benefiting the polynesian people with the church of jesus christ of latter day saints out of his life this factor in addition to hihiss stature as the most dominant figure in the as well as its polynesian members who had revered him almost as if he were hawaii legitegitegllegislatureslature induced kalakaua who had a personal admiration for him divine his activities at lanai became meaningless so he left hisMs holdings to take the unprecedented step of appointing gibson to not one but a number there in the hands of his two sons his daughter and soninlawson in law and set out of political offices for honolulu to a brighter more exciting drama of public life every man who spoke to gibson seemed to be impressed and captivated by one of his first acts in honolulu in 1872 was to purchase a newspaper him his charm and personality were coupled with a most ingenious outlook which he renamed nuhounouhou and began publishing in the hawaiian language to and and one of the wisest political minds of the times most important of all for the hawaiian people with the aid of his exceptional oratorical ability the hawaiian people loved and trusted him he talked to them in their own in both english and hawaiian and the power of his hawaiianhawaiianlanguagelanguage newspaper language and they considered every word he spoke as hawaiian gospel gibson he played a significant role in electing prince lunaliloLuna lilo as king of the through the advertiser described hawaiianhawaiians as a dignified unassailable hawaiian kingdom followed by david kalakaua thirteen months later february 12 deancleanmean and upstanding people it made sense for kalakaua to keep such a man 1874 after the untimely death of lunaliloLuna lilo this was followed by the creation as close as possible to the throne of a special electoral district on lanai which enabled gibson to run unopposed in his new capacities gibsons first notable accomplishment was his from this district as a legislative delegate from a foolproof elective base development of a new monetary system for the island nation the new money following a painless election in 1878 he became a member of hawaiis legislative was printed in san francisco and the bills featured kalakauas robust frame assembly this was followed by the creation of a postal system gibson himself designed from his base as a prominent legislator and as adviser to king kalakaua and printed the postage stamps for the hawaii island kingdom gibson attracted attention all over hawaii by bringing about the erection of because of excessive debts incurred by the hawaiian government from a large imposing statue of king kamehameha and by planning and arranging a financing kalakauas world tour from the coronation extravagance of king successful world tour of king kalakaua in 1881 in whichalakauawhichkalakauawhich Kalakaua visited many kalakaua and queen kapiolani from the erection of the magnificent lolaniiolani of the v id most prominent rulers palace and from financing the effect of a number of irresponsible laws and estenberenteptenberept fiberEnber 4 1880 gibson purchased hawaiis most influential newspaper decrees kalakauas cabinet was forced to resign on haymay 18 1883 on the the c mmiercial0mmercial advertiser at approximately the same time he wrote

41 3 4 following day walter hurraymurray gibson was presented to the public as premier leaving on july 12 1887 for san francisco on the sugar freighter J D spreckles of the kingdom of hawaii and its minister of foreign affairs and arriving in san francisco on august 6 1887 he spent the following five in 1884 and 1885 gibson through diplomatic means attempted to set up a months from august 10 until january in and out of st marys hospital and confederation of pacific island states under the protection of king kalakaua died january 21 1888 of tuberculosis of the lungs of hawaii impatient with oceania lethargy in 1886 he initiated expansion by halterwaiterwalter hurraymurray gibsons body was returned to honolulu and on february 18 the use of force and advocated invasion and occupation if necessary efforts 1888 from ten in the morning until six in the evening it lay in state where were to be directed toward samoa tonga the cook island group tahiti and thousands viewed his remains through a windowed coffin included among the the gilbert islands in that order A one ship navy was commissioned and mourners were thebusinessthe business and government officials of hawaii but most sent to samoa for this purpose had it not been for the excessive use of numerous were hawaiian people who grieved profusely long obituaries were alcohol by the captain of the ship george gresley jackson and some of the carried in newspapers throughout the united sates and in the leading cities crew and gross incompetence by some of the emissaries sent to samoa particularly of europe allaliail acknowledged his intellect and statesmanship and admitted that john edward bush and his secretary henry poor a confederation of the two he wore his virtues with style flair and splendor we now who murray gibson kingdomkingdoms would very likely have become a reality insteadfourinstead four german warships recognize walter was and his place in hawaiian sailed into apia harbor and established timasesetamaseseTimaTama sese as king of samoa under the political history but we are not as interested here in this aspect of his protection of the german empire life as in his mormon years so let us go back to the beginning and consider gibsons political enemies exploited international indignation over the the series of events which led to him becoming a member of the church of jesus military expedition to samoa and the humiliation of the people at home over christ of latter day saints its failure this put gibson in a defensive position and his government in the family of john gibson emigrated from northidbw1&nortturberlatod4 englandEhgiandgland disrepute he quickly lost support of the haole population sometime in the early 1830s to montreal canada they moved to new york city in the early 1880s a hawaiian league was formed composed of dual in 1837 and from there walter now a young man hired out to drive a carriage citizencitizenedciticiel zoneded largely Pioprotestanttestant americans the league in turn formed a citizen from newmew york city to the pendleton district of south carolina militia corps called the honolulu rifles it Is a mystery how gibson came to be known as a respected and educated the honolulu rifles captured gibson in july 1887 and would have man he mentions only brief encounters with classroomclassroomsclassroomsandsandand teachers he lynched him and his soninlawson in law fred hayselden who was visiting him if it gives more credit for his education to his travels by land and by sea and to had not been for the efforts of james H wodehouse a british commissioner much time spent in the back woods of the carolinas who claimed it would cause an international incident if a british subject his parents who now had a large family followed him to south carolina should be executed in such a manner instead he was banished from hawaii but he was too much of a free spirit to spend much time within the confines 5 6

of a family and largely lived alone the meeting of his mate Is best described out of the lower atlantic and across the indian ocianocean arriving in the strait by himself separating sumatra and java in the middle of december 1851 the dutch officials became suspicious a pompous man of aritibritibritishsh birth wandering in when I1 was yet a boy I1 met in my wanderings in the immediately of backwoods of south carolina a and my fair gentle girl of a converted american ship completely empty of cargo own age who had never been more than halfdayshalf days ride from from nowhere skippering theplantationthe plantation of her father we often sauntered together the andseekingand seeking no cargo the problem came to a head when a letteriettertetter was taken in the still woods of milwee on summer days we would wade barefooted the shallow streams deep barefootedthebarefootedthe cross the and rapid person graham the soohSoofsoofcananhanancanan mate of the ship creeks with mutual help of hands to our tottering steps from the of charles thesoote first as we walked the swinging unsteady trunk that bridged them government was about to send ships of war to over hewe would rest beneath the dense shade at the foot of stating that the american some great and our boyish and tree talk girlish fancies whichwhichgibsongibson would be available to take ere long I1 was a man and we were married efteexteexterminaterminateaminate allaliail the dutch after possession of the state his wife rachel soon gave birth to a daughter which they named talula the effect of this letter was to put gibson in the prison of weltevreden followed by a son john andand then a second son henry at thetneane birth of whom three years of imprisonment the dutch apparently wanting to get rid of rachel died in childbirth after him with no further embarrassing implications finally allowed him to escape gibson made a try for a short time to care for his children alone with he was picked up by the american clipper ship 11hH B palmer and in several the aid of a backcountrybackcountry wet nurse for the newborn boy he tinallyfinally gave up months was back in americainamerica and left the three children with rachelsracheleRache parents lr gibson proceeded to washington DC where he made a frantic appeal to he set out for new york a man in his early twenties with the soft the state department to aid him in drawing up a case for restitution against diction of a southern gentleman which he proceeded to cultivate to vocal the netherlands but the dutch were patient and persistently argued that perfection he emerged as a tall mildmanneredmild mannered man assuming an aristocratic gibson was guilty of high treason as charged bearing that he retained for the remainder of his life it was 1845 and he As he wandered through the halls of congress trying to keep alive support was anxious to start his great adventure and ambition in life by going to sea for his dying claim he came to know dr john M bernhisel delegate from the so he signed on as an apprentice seaman and began to master the art of utah to the united states house of representatives seamanship and navigation territory utah was mormon country and bernhisel was a member of the church of jesus after a year on an iron steamship he was back in new york as the skipper christ of latterlatterdayday saints the church was having serious trouble with the of a sailing vessel after several successful voyages one around the horn united states government at this time to california and return he and a small crew set out on an expedition for june 1858 the new york times reported that approximately a year adventure in earlier walter murray gibson had submitted to bernhisel a plan for the mormons for nearly seven months their little ship wallowed and rocked its way mormon to emifemioemlo e from utah to new guinea according to the article the

43 8 7

jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints in president youngs office by brigham leaders approved the plan and bernhisel submitted it to president buchanabuchan& young himself assisted by heber C kimball and daniel H wells was and the united states governmentGovern nent in early 1858 the gogovernmentverment rejected it it day gibsons 38th birthday who was now 16 as being too costly for taxpayer support the before his daughter talula years of age was baptized and confirmed on the same two months in new york a few months after this article appeared gibson wrote date following their baptisms both gibson and his daughter received bernhisel that he intended soon to visit utah having arrived at st louis their endowments in the lake endowment house gibsons relationships in may 1859 he wrote ahead directly to president brigham young salt early with members of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints indicate it has been in my heart many years to propose to you and your oceania 1.1 spoke people emigration to the islands of he was genuinely to and sincere in profession in this wise to dr bernhlselbernhisel at washington three years ago that attracted the faith his my when a boy upon java it was in heart to dwell in thought Is clear that there was respect and trust between president young and the isles afar off that have not as said the lord by it heardmymoymyroy fame have seen my glory isaiah heard neither and gibson on april 9 1860 walter murray gibson was called on a month6month6 I1 have spent many years among the isles of wait for the mission to the eastern states he served a successful mission and because lord and while I1 lay in a dungeon on the island of java a voice me you show way a people who sasaidsaldid to shall the to shall build of his humor and oratory was often compared by his audiences to mark twain up a kingdom in these isles whose lives of power shall run around VWmy purposes changed the earth of life were from that hour back in salt lake city on november 13 1860 president young called him for I1 have thought again and again that your people were the people and yet as often rejected the ideaideal but now I1 have resolved to a mission to china japan the east indies and the malay islands come into your midst and declare the burden of my spirit president young and heber C kimball gibson apart his mission gibson wrote also that he had his three children with him so he could set for to the orient on november 19 1860 the next day gibson received not one not travel rapidly but he did arrive in salt lake city in september 1859 but three missionary commissions impressively adorned with ribbons and seals president young told gibson that he should investigate the work of the and signed by president young kimball and wells as the presidency Morcormonsmormonsmons if he found the restored gospel as taught by adherents to the church first he was also advisedad that if he had the opportunity he should look in on the of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints to be the truth he would be baptized and vised saints in hawaii ordained an elder then president young would send him and a few other elders accompanying gibson on his june 15 departure from san francisco by the to that people in the pacific in this way gibson could do more good than bark yankee was his daughter talula the party reached honolulu on june 30 in any other way 1861 after a fifteenfifteendayday voyage A short time after his arrival in honolulu the two men evidently impressed each other favorably gibson took gibson began to meet quietly with the hawaiian Morcormonsmormonsmons he told them that he president youngs advice he resolved to spend the winter in salt lake city had come to charge and to do a great work in midst and study mormonism take their gibson found the church members in the islands sadly disorganized to walter murray gibson was baptized on january 15 1860 in salt lakes understand how this came about is necessary to look back briefly the city creek by herber C kimball he was confirmed a member of the church of it 9 10

mormon missionary hawaii first effort in involved ten men under the direction purchase of more land brigham young wrote gibson on october 31 1861 that of elder hiram darkclark who arrived in honolulu in 1850 elder darkclarkmark soon he was gratified with reports of gibsons work your labors and experience became discouraged and left to do missionary work in the south pacific of in your present field wrote president young will not only be highly

george Q the missionaries who stayed in hawaii elder cannon became the beneficial to you in your proposed future field but will at the same time be leader he helped to found the first branch of the church at kealakouKeala kou maulmaui very advantageous to the poor saints among and for whom you and your in 1851 he quickly learned the hawaiian language and with the aid of a associates are laboring convert Jonjonatanaatana H napela translated the book of mormon into the hawaiian gibson reported numerous baptisms 130 on kauai 20 at halpio hawaii language 1854 in the latter part of the missionary efforts became very and about 30 at KDkahalakohalahala and hilo hawaii he asked a bishop wing in honolulu successful when the church had about 40004000baptizedbaptized members in hawaii a to get certificates printed up in honolulu from time to time because a great gathering place called the city of joseph was established at lalawaipalawaipalawal on the many persons from all islands were sending for their papers mormons island of lanai because of the troubles the were having in utah with gibson wrote toward the yearendyear end 1861 indicating satisfaction with what johnsons army approaching brigham young 1857 wrote in he had done so far in the hawaiian islands

1 I think best for all the elders with one ortwo it ortho 1 I continue to abide at the hawaiian zion lalawaipalanaipalawaiPa lawai on exceptions to come home any if there are faithful saints this islandI1 s 1 and chiefly employed in organizing the labour of the there they are experienced enough in the work to stand firm in hawaiian saints the faith while those who are filled with the lust of the flesh with you had wind up will float off the current better the I1 have built a good meeting house here a dwelling house whole business and am now engaged in a large school house 50 by 20 feet we have 82 children on lalawaipalawaiPa lawai and is noted for being the consequently when gibson had gone it arrived the missionaries been for healthiest and most prolific spot in all the kingdom I1 have sown 52 acres in wheat planted 5 sugar cane on maulmaui 5 approximately years and any in three left the converts without personal in corn and preparing to plant about 5 in rice I1 have set out to funds here out of soil to advance me on my from on raise the the leadership the headquarters of the church his arrival at lahaina way to malaysia however I1 am well content with what I1 have to do here wherever I1 may get hereafter gibson wrote in his diary the hawaiian islands take the place of the I1 have sent 3 white and 14 native brethren out on missions malay archipelago in my thoughts after seeing lalawaipalawai valley on lanai and there have been added 520 to the church 1 I will plant my stakes here and make a home for the rest of my days at the beginning of 1862 gibson wrote in his diary of his rejoicing in seeing disorganized gibson the state of church in hawaii decided to the beauties of lalawaiPapalawailawai in his way of life there and in the devotion of his delay his trip to the orient and try to put the church in the islands back in parishioners he saw himself as their father and allowed thentheuthem to see him as order he chose to locate in the patasal valley of lanai and direct the an exhalted person temporarily he seemed to have put aside thoughts of gibson activities of the church in all the islands from there began moving on from lanai to other islands of the sea preaching building planting baptizing and adding to the funds for the we have been turning over the mellow soil I1 never saw richer loam and already the corn and the wheat look beautiful and full

t5ta n 12

of promise I1 joy in watching the hope of harvest I1 wonder why lanai is my calmest and healthfulhealthfulestest home thus far I1 have all men are not fanfarmersners I1 love the earth been alternating for many days between plans of labor here for years and a purpose of speedy departure here Is a fitting place for communing with a better world there Is no vice and riot of cities here there Is no pride and yet I1 anam peaceful I1 am hated and thwarted and yet I1 am and noisy pomp of courts no hypocritic pretensions of stately cheerful and loving the valley smiles like a lover I1 have churches no plunder of armies no ambitions of kings saved a good amount of the crop after much battling with the peelua grubs the sun wind and stray stock in raising stock now what Is there here A sweet vallevalievailevalleyinvalleyvaileyyinin a beautiful we have done better my nockflockfiock of goats has steadily grown to island an island of curious caves and coral borders washed by about 200 and I1 have killed fifty or more sheep and fully 500 the everlasting blue sea and in this sweet valley there Is a turkeys little band a community of men and women who are devoted to me they are full of wonder full of interest and like little gibson had been trying unsuccessfully to get the minister of interior children under me likeilke little children under a fathers hand prince lot kam to take action to help him buy land from the government by gibson had learned the hawaiian language so quickly that in september early july it seemed that faaleleahaaleleaHaa lelea would after all be willing to sell the 1861 he had preached his first sermon in hawaiian he had also translated lalawaipalawai land after backing down on his original agreement this made parts of the book of doctrine and covenants aadamd a summary of the life of consideration of the matter of government assistance in getting more land on joseph smith into hawaiian gibson wrote that from september 1861 to lanai more urgent because it would eliminate all doubts that lalawaipalawai would january 1862 about 650 wallanshawaiiansHa had been baptized there were now in the continue to became the permanent gathering place islands about 1200 reliable cormonsMormormonsmons and some 2000 or 3000 who were of an in his petition gibson argued that if the government would sell or lease indifferent character land to him his organization would assume complete responsibility for its he informed president young that he had set up an organization similar to development he further stated that besides promoting agriculture he had the main body of the church he had created offices for the titletitlelovingloving directed the building of dwellings a meeting house and a schoolhouse he HawaiiHawallansans this Is of interest because it is quite dearclearoear that gibson kept had organized an industrial school in which eightytwoeighty two children and some the authorities in utah informed of what he was doing to adapt the church adults participated the school provided a common school education with organization to the circumstances in hawaii special attention to the english language in an apparent reference to A continuing problem was the difficulty in acquiring enough land vocational education gibson said principles of science connected with although the hawaiian governmentgoverment took no decisive action against gibson he useful manufactures are made familiar girls and boys are schooled felt it was hostile toward him the hawaiian government wants me to go away separately talula being in charge of the girls some women with children he wrote in his diary and what Is more particular the landlord of lalawaipalawaiPa lawai also take part and care of infants Is part of the instruction gibson also faaleleahaaleleaHaa lelea wants to back out of his bargain and not let us have the land on said he was planning to build a hospital and devote some attention to the the temsterras proposed or on any terms training of nurses and yet he was happy on lanai in summary then at a time when the hawaiian population was undergoing alaterabatera later president of the LDS church alma L smith and william W cluff a catastrophic decline gibson offered hope of agricultural development accompanied them as interpreters those serving as interpreters had earlier better education and better health in return and to continue the been on missions for the church to the islands development he wantedwanted to buy or lease about 15000 acres of governmentgoverment land they sailed for honolulu by the clipper bark onward and arrived there on this would be in addition to the patakai land he was trying to buy from march 27 1864 they left a few days later for maulmaui by the nettlenettie merrillhernhermmern 11 and 31 ezra T snow faaleleahaaleleaHaa lelea reached lahaina on march captain fisher benson lorenzo the king rejected gibsons petition for a charter of incorporation for alma L smith and william W cluff got in the first landing boat joseph lalawaipalawalpalawaiPa lawallawai but gibsons efforts began to have favorable effects having F smith did not get into the boat because he had a premonition of disaster considered a move to kauai and looking for land elsewhere in the other As they headed for shore in the rough waters a huge wave capsized the small islands and considering a move deeper into oceania gibson finally obtained boat both captain fisher and lorenzo snow were nearly drowned in fact it snow most of the concessions he desired from faaleleahaaleleaHaa lelea and the governmentgoverment was claimed that elder had been under the water for twenty minutes when in late 1863 eight hawaiian elders jointlyjoi ntlyantly wrote a letter to a he was pulled out he was finally revived by mouth to mouth resuscitationres us citation missionary in utah who had earlier worked among them they told of gibsons when lorenzo snow had sufficiently recovered the investigating party activities and asked the former missionarys advice after being translated crossed the rough channel between lahaina and the bay of manele lanai gibson the letter was put into the hands of brigham young and he read it to those arriving the evening of april 2 and his daughter appeared to be present of the quorum of the twelve at their regular meeting on january 18 surprised to see the investigating party he was busy making ready for the 1864 in the letter the hawaiian elders charged gibson with the following semiannualsemi annual church conference to be held beginning april 6 near was a he had 1 selling church positions and priesthood offices for from 25 gibsons house large hollowed out rock deposited to 100 each there a copy 0off the book of mormon and other writings wearing temple robes 2 claiming brigham young had no authority in the hawaiian islands he had consecrated the rock as the cornerstone of a future temple he then 3 taking possession of lanai for himself covered the rock with brush and tabooed it gibson stated that if anyone dared 4 taking from the church members all of their possessions uncover it he would be struck dead 5 playing the tyrant over the hawaiian cormonsmormonsMormons elders joseph F smith riqalmalnaainaalma L smith and william W cluff visited the president young appointed two of the quorum of the twelve ezra T rock together with talula cluff pulled the brush away exposing the rock to benson grandfather of ezra benson secretary of agriculture under taft the wind and sun the hawaiiansHawa lians saw this and waited for cluff to be struck president eisenhowereisenElsenhower and lorenzo snow who later became president of the dead for profaning the rock but no lightning struck LOSLDS churchtochurchroChurch to go to hawaii and investigate elders joseph F smith also the investigating party found that gibson had taught the hawaiians to look

47 15 16 upon him as an exalted person in his presence they had to crawl on their I1 am pleased after an absence of over seven years to return hands and knees the old way of entering the presence of royalty and await and meet with you again we have been referred to here as strangers did we not travel on foot and preach the gospel to his bidding to arise this people for eight years visiting you in your houses administering to the sick eating such food as you eat depriving the investigators also found that gibson had organized the males on lanai ourselves of the comforts and blessings of home and friends for the gospel and your sakes did we set a price on the offices young and old in military companies and was drilling them in the arts of war of the priesthood we conferred on you did we exact tribute from you to purchase lands for us and our heirs now when you he had indicated to them according to some of the hawaiiansthathawaliansjthat when they contrast the labors of pukuniahi george Q cannon and his associates and us who 6cameame after them with our friend here who were well enough trained a ship would come for thanthenthebthem they would sail off assumed to be your leader and boasts of what he has done you say whether we are strangers among the hawaiian people to the south seas take control of island after island and organize an empire in the afternoon elder benson and elder snow spoke briefly explaining of the pacific the purpose of their inquiries in the evening of april 7 there was a ahenwhenmhen the semiannualsemi annual conference was about to convene on april 6 in the priesthood meeting with a large attendance elder snow asked gibson meetinghouse on lanai gibson arrived with apostles benson and snow rearnear the by what authority do you claim the right to preside over the hawaiian entrance he told the apostles to go in that he had to go back to his room mission A few minutes later he made a tardy dramatic entrance ignoring the presence gibson sent talula to get his commission from president young which was of elders snow and benson he called for the first hymn after that he called elaborately decorated with ribbons and seals he said 1 I think gentlemen on elder duffcluff to offer a prayer brother duffcluff turned to apostles benson you will not fail to recognize the names of brigham young and his two and snow believing he should defer to them but they asked duffcluffmuff to proceed counselors here 1 I think gentlemen you will not deny their authority then after a second hymn without conferring with anyone gibson began to brother snow replied why brother gibson this document does not speak appoint you to preside over the hawaiian mission of the church you have my dear red skinned children you are my children and I1 am your father am I1 not many answered yes I1 presume you are assumed that authority all anxious to know why these strangers have come among us I1 am as much at a loss to know what they have come for as you elder benson summed up the case are we have thoroughly investigated the charges preferred did I1 not come here and find you like a flock of sheep against brother gibson by several of your native elders and scattered and without a shepherd did I1 not gather you into found them substantially true he was not appointed to come this fold and have I1 not fed you when these strangers were here and preside over this mission in ordaining apostles high before your true shepherd and father came did you not have to priests seventies and bishops he assumed authority that feed and clothe them instead of their feeding and clothing you belongs exclusively to the first presidency of the church as your father Is doing his claiming that he had equal authority with president brigham young was most absurd his purchasing this land of lalawaipalawaiPa lawai he went on like this for about half an hour then ezra T benson arose and having the deeds made to him and his heirs was a fraud and a robbery for all these unlawful acts we disapprove of this and called on joseph F smith to talk course and say he is not the president of this mission and we ask you saints to sustain us in this decision 17 18

elder benson and elder snow asked gibson to sign the land over to the joseph PF smith alma L smith and william W duffcluff to try to put church church he refused he said he would go his own way he had received no affairs in the islands in order the two apostles arrived in salt lake city counsel from president young and he did not owe anything to the church on may 29 that same afternoon they reported on their investigation at he said he would try to keep his influence over the wallanshawaiiansHa and those who a meeting in the tabernacle after their report president young stated left him would receive no benefit from the land briefly that the charge against walter M gibson was not for owning property nevertheless at the april 7 priesthood meeting all except one of the or forclaimingfor claiming it for no one cared how much he had if he only used it for native mormons voted against elder bensons motion to disapprove of gibsons the benefit of the poor who had given it but the charge was his persistent actions even so the investigators advised the native mormons to leave refusal to be dictated by the priesthood president young then moved that lanai and return to their homes otherwise they would be disfellowshipdisfellowshlppeddisfellowshippedped gibsons excommunication be ratified which the congregation did unanimously the branches would be reorganized although the hawaiian mormons on lanai supported gibson at the investigation elder benson and his associates returned to lahaina on april 8 and that they soon began to realize thatheteathethat he was not what he purported to be by the end evening they held a council meeting at which they voted to cut gibson off from of july 1864 most of the hawaiian mormons on lanai had gone back to their the church among their findings were the following former homes on other islands only some seven or eight families remained

1 he had ordained officials without authority for money with gibson 2 he had bought land for the church in his own name joseph F smith john R young and william W cluff soon left for utah 3 he had sought contributions under threat of disfellowship leaving alma L smith and benjamin cluff to care for the affairs of the

4 he had refused to acknowledge the authority of brigham young hawaiian mission these two were soon joined by francis A hammond and 5 he was trying to use the church to build a temporal pacific empire george nebeker whose primary mission was to find a new gathering place in 6 he had departed from the gospel introduced pagan superstitions early 1865 they purchased a 6000acre6000 acre site at laie oahubahu for 14000 gibson himself apparently had little doubt about what action the this site had been recommended and approved by joseph F smith prior to his investigators would take the day after the priesthood meeting on lanai he departure for utah wrote to brigham young in conclusionconclusionwewe should consider what manner of man was walter murray

I1 cannot forget my love and regard for your person gibson how are the accomplishments of his life to be evaluated although you have dealt precipitately and harshly with me my daughter remembers tenderly your interesting familyifarllyfamily I1 there are three logical alternative evaluations of gibson regarding the think and feel that though my spirit has not responded to your call and we are now in different channels that yet my course years during which he was a member of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday will never lead me into an attitude that will be hostile to you or the work you direct saints the first is that in gibsons youth he developed a dream of power elder snow and elder benson left honolulu in mid april leaving elders wealth and dominion for himself over an empire in the dutch east indies or

49 19 20 a kingdom of oceania this permeated his thinking and every act throughout completely disorganized and the converts were without formal education and his entire life consequently he was never really converted to mormonismMonnon isaism lacking almost entirely in the experience and discipline associated with an and understood few of its principles at the time he was baptized the LDS organized church it Is evident for the most part that he kept president church seemed to be a convenient vehicle to use for accomplishing his life brigham young informed by letter of his activitesactlvltesactivities and progress perhaps consuming empirebuildingempire buildingbunding aspirations if he was never converted to mormonismMonnon isrism with his limited knowledge of the organization of the church he did the best his excommunication had very little meaning and perhaps his actions which that could be expected of him under the circumstances and excommunication may indicate that he may have been a rather poor emissary of the LDS church have been a rather harsh judgment should not be judged harshly As to a final judgment whether walter hurraymurray gibson was a renegade or another logical conclusion is that gibson was a mormon apostate and a saint the decision Is left to you renegade of the first order he so perverted and made a mockery of the offices of the priesthood and the ordinances of the gospel that gods forgiveness could not soon be expected rather than accept gods appointed prophet and apostles he took the power upon himself and caused his disciples to worshiptoworship him as a god such behavior is a sin of the worst proportions

A further possible conclusion is that he was sincere in the faith throughout his entire mormon years and acted to the best of his ability in furthering the gospel as he understood its priciplespriciprinciplesples under the circumstances he found among the hawaiian people note that he had no association with the early members of the church in new york ohio missouri or illinois his conversion was rather rapid and came from self study he was exposed to latterlatterdayday saints in salt lake city for only a scant few months during which time he was busy preparing and making public speeches on subjects other than mormon doctrine there Is no record of him holding any office in church organizations or of having leadership responsibility in any priesthood callings prior to his arrival in hawaii evidently he was severely limited in his knowledge of church organizations and procedures he found the church in hawaii when he arrived in 1861 almost MEMORIES OF ROSE NAAIEONO YOUNG by 2 narveleemarveleeHarmarvelee soontahaurisoon Tahauri scrub anyvisitinganylvisitinganyeny visiting grandchilds face ears and teeth with a normonmonnonmormon pacific historical society washcloth dipped in the chilling ambercoloredamber colored water of the third annual conference april 10 1982 kula hills with the help of my auntie ethel who lived with byuhawaiiBYU hawaii campus laielate hawaii my grandparentsmygrandparents she would dress and fussfuserubsrubbrube over us until it was time to follow those sturdy black shoes on the ten minute her name wasae rose naaieonohaaieono young but we called hertutuher tutumutu trek which took us to tutu ladys church lady it was an affectionate name for the beautiful the pulehupulphu chapel stood stark and simple in a large lot hawaiian woman who was our erandmothererandmrandmotherenandgrandmothermother bordered on all sides by lichencoveredlichen covered walls of lava rock my memories of her reach back into the aidaldmid 1950a1950e she I1 remember the timid feeling that would creep up inside of me comes to my mind against the cactusstuddedcactus studded countryside of as dark hawaiian people would greet sister young and extend pulehupulphu kaulkauimauimaul where she and aymy grandfather ah vawa young lived their brown palaspeinspalms to shake my skinny hand I1 tried to stay in view of haleakalahaleakalas9 distant slopes my grandmother wabwasas a close to the folds of her dress especially when we entered the natural part of the old island setsettingisettingstingi she was serene and small front entry of the chapel where priesthood brethren dignified a tall fullfullfiguredfigured woman whose deepdeeps gentle flanked the walls like blacksuitedblack suited sentries eyes were framed by a pillow of grey hair swept up in a mod- once inside our shoes made hollow echoing sounds on the gigibson ified bson girl style dark wooden floor A window or two would rattle as someone durine summers spent at tutu ladys house there were lifted a window sash to dispel the nighttime cold in the building morninremorningsmorn ineeinRe when I1 would watch her standing in front of a mirror burly men in tight jackets would stride up to the speakers off to the side of the dining room pulling her grooming brush platform and take their places on single chairs lined behind through mass that long plush of hair when loose the strands the pulpit A heavysetheavy set girl with an armload of notebooks fanned out like thousands of wirywizy threthreadsadetadeo catching the glint would hurry to seat herself at a slanted desk at the front left of the pulehupulphu sun from a window at her left she would always of the chapel looking very official as she glanced around the amateamareamaze me by quickly gathering and twirling the whole magnifi- room and scribbled notes one cent fluff into large knot on the top of her head and I1 remember my grandmother singing with the congregation fasttbditfaswfedit with the bluest hairpins I1 ever saw slipping into her aged hands holdiholdingnj the hawaiian hymn book with a discernable a flowing muumuu she would proceed to silky then lace her quiver I1 thought it unusual but pleasant to hear her voice thickheeledthick heeled shoes up to the ankles in song for her verbal communications with me were short it was on morninaomineabominemorninpepe like these that she would properly

51 4 3

minimal comments in hawaiian or english aithoAlthoalthoughuph my mother was a mormon like her mother and siblings marriage with myy catholic had it was only after we had drodpedthedroopedthedroopedthe sacrament cups into elbeibbiblince the interfaith father made me a non byproduct monument barksdbarkedmarked the deacons snailsmallamali lauhala basket that I1 began to dread the nonsectariansectarian this thourhtthought of separating to class pulehupulphu as the area herewhere the first LDS branch webwaswesas organized Ha wabwasas no more to mee a the whole junior sunday school notmetmot alongside the chapel in the wailanwallanhawaiian islands but it than from sabbath duty to my grandmother rose I1 never in a oneroomone room wooden building sitting on a cold bench I1 distraction fro knew 1 was playing eteyte shadow church history selfselfconsciouslyconsciously bore the stares of thecountrythe country children and knewlI icheinhein tie of remeder one morning when our walk to the chapel did wished somewhat defensively that they would blow their noses Iremeberiremember ohs not end sunday school pains was the day 1 went with the social discomfort ravenavegave mee reason on orboreeoreworemore than one occasion in this I meeting to slip out under the guise of thirst tutu lady to a relief society work pulehupulphu notwetmetwot in the allpurposepurpose sunday school the pulehupulphu churchchurchgroundsgrounds were far orboremorewore interesting than the sisters all building and were busy up paraphparaphanaliaanalia when we sunday school recitations behind the chapel itself was a builbullbulidinedina setting their my grandmother properly soe as rier moopuna hure cistern protruding from tietsethe ground but because I1 mistook arrived erandarandmother introduced hertier marys daughter 1 matronly nods and smiles it for a cesspool I1 keetaykeptaykeptmy distance and concentrated instead marybmabysnarys and I felt that the acceptance upon the front yard features there were warswarewarm boulders for a contained more blessed than the curious stares of my peers small child to scale and bigeyedbig eyedoyed cows in a panini pasture sunday school we made day pressing cutting and beyond the wall willowy pepper trees moved their drooping patchwork blocks that kaleidoscopic branches with the slightest briesebriezebreeze Jacejacajacarandarandsranda blossoms fell basting scraps of fabric into flowers and fans 1 very busy threading the elderly like purple parasols frofromsrom a gnarled tree outside the classroom I recall being kept needles for eyesight and trembling hands made and off to the right in the shade of that tree was myy favorite sisters whose fallinefailing that amusement of all a marblemarbie monument standing on a tiered base simple task a project in itself 1 know was the influence of that meeting or my I1 would trace the raised lettering on its metalmetai plaque and I dont if it own admiration for tutu ladys needlework that prompted me to measure the eraduatedgraduated base with my patentleatherpatent leather shoes titimeme ask herner an embroidery lesson that summer pleased by my nassed pleasantly this way with only the calls of redhoodedred hooded for she penciled a larrelareelarge hibiscus onto some white sack- cardinals to ripple the pastoral stillness at times I1 scrunched interest cloth and patiently taught me how to outline her sketch with ainatayalnstaainahv the far side of the marblemarbie structure concealing myself orange from anyones view bright thread 5 6 throughoutbut my childhood was the only way 1 knew rose Through this I naulneuineulmaulmaui telephone company in upper paispaiapeiapela she was courted by naaieono young L my loving tutu lady who served me chewy ah vawa young a nonmembernon member salesman who came around with goodies hawaiian pancakes on cold kula morningswornmorningel who me in to called for the girls at the phone company their marriage in 1917 was kaukau 1 had tromped in the pastures daydaytdays who made after I all a hawaiianchinesehawaiian chinese union which was quite common during the bathbathtimetime a ticklish torture by scouring my earthstainedearth stained feet orid orldworld war one years after gaining family man status my with a black lava rockrooknookrockirocks and who tucked me into bed with sweet frangrandfatherprandfatherdfdeatherather or tutu man as we called him was exempt from scented quilts of her own making when she died of cancer military berservicesservleetvicet he was also lacking in finances rose went 1965 1 was years in october I sixteen old headhemdahead and bought a half acre of kula land from the father of in february of 1966 after months of personal introspection tinelnvinin fookpook tom it cost her 9000900090.00 and adjoined the land of her and missionary discussions 1 chose to become a latterdayday saint I latter stepfathertootewtow ratherfather makau kaawa Sheshwshealsoalso purchased lumber and hired like my mother and grandmother aulpaul ellaeilaeliablia of molokai to build their home thus establishing was not 1980 when I1 was to be it until called relief some security for her futuresuture family society president of my ward that I1 realized I1 had been A year later in 1918 rose bore her first child at home blessed with a legacy through conversations with my mother I1 a daughterdauphter named agnes who was later found to be mentally 1 was president generations discovered that I thethirdthe third in three retarded although the neighborhood accepted aggie some family matriarchspatriarchs naturally 1 was aware aymy own of I of mothers officials recommended institutionalization for her my grandparents position while 1 was growing up but 1 had never been aware I I of would not be separated from theirtheirair dauphdaughterter and chose instead my own tutu lady giving over years of service to the thirty to raise the child at home assuming all responsibility for her church as president the pulehupulphu women of health and hygiene my thoughts have often turned to her as I1 have experienced aggie had onebadonebahone bad eye and an ear that sometimes emitted a contemporary the past two years by examining one of trials in discharge my mother remembers tutu lady applying bluing to notebooks and directing specific inquiries to her old relatives the infected ear a practice of the time which was believed and family 1 have been able to glimpses of her friends I catch to draw out pus despite her handicaps however agnes was not in church and home during early 1900s administration the the a helpless child she could walk eedffeedreed herself use the bathr- rose naaieonohaaieono was bomborn on sept 14 1889 kula maui the oom boa in oom and hear and understand simple instructions there were of moses andnd agnes kamekona naaieono she was rirthairthr1rth child also times when she would spit on guests tear their clothes or corverconveror avertedted to church when she was about years old convertedverted the thirteen remove her own clothing and she was not exempt from discipline an during her young adult years worked as an operator for the

53 7 8

rose young was to be violet kele a& lifetime resident of pulehupulphu still recalls called the sixth relief society president when she was a young neighbor girl two years older than my of nauibmauismauie pulehupulphu branch in a larrelareelarae black ledger shecarefullyshe carefully auntie agnes she remembers tutu lady dressing agnes and walking noted the preceding presidencies in the hawaiian languagelanguages probprespros mua with theethenthem to church argieargleangieaggieangleaggio was about six years old preb hoomakahoomana isia ai ke kukulakukulu ia ana oka hui nanawaleamanawaleaNanaManawalea a pulehupulphu neinelnet hoopaihoopaahoopata isia elder was a wooden bridge violet says that crossed a joseph PF saithsnithsmith aole maopopo ka oakahikioakamakahikimakahiki ame there ka la ame ka mahinamahine deep gully on the way to the chapel the spaces between the past presidents of the relief society of pulepuiepulehupulphuhu confirmed by elder joseph PF saithsalthsmith no record of boards were widel you could see right through agnes wouldnt year day and month prespros cross bridge sandsendbendstand on the side and cover her ears probpreb kuaana kekoa that shed I1 hoakukamoakuka counselor hanakahi kaluaai two lady always had to put her abasahabanasarms tight 2 keahinuikeahonuiKeah onui keolanui with hands tutu kuukupuuku treas kawahaluakawahaluaporsytheforcytheforaythe and walk side around aegleaggleaggie with her to the other pres piilani kaahaaina 1 1 remember lady older years escorescorting a I roakukamoakuka hanakahi kaluaai I still tutu in her tinga 2 kawahapaaKawahapaa grownupgrown up agnes out of a back room to the front porch my grand- kuukupuuku sis kawahaluaKawaha lua forforsythePorsytheeythe mother out her hair clipped her nails and let her soak up making an insertion that the next presidents were chosen some sunshine asrieaggie stillcouldstill could not speak the only sounds by branch president john lonaiona shehe continued the listlists made were loud outbursts frightened me because of she that prebprobprespros esther cockett suddenness I1 hoakuka lily eldrege their 2 beatrice P forsytheforfoePoreythesythebythe sse mary I1 once sat in the living room watching aggisaegleaggie place house- kakauolelo secsee forsythePorsythe hold items in strange locations after her mother had stepped out rose listed prespros cockett a second time with new officers to the wash house for a minute when tutu lady returned she recording her own nanenamenang amongemong then asae an assistant secretary the gave her a hard slap and a good scolding inhin hawaiianawa iianlianllan which made list went onioneong me sorry her nevertheless even in my preteenpre teen years feel for pres mary forsythePorsythebythe 1 could see my grandmother cared for auntie agnes with a 1 hoakuka keolakoala kekapai I that 2 poepoe kaiamaKalamakaiakalamahialkalamahiaiKalamahiaihial love and patience that was very special kakauolelo loulaLouialouiapaioloulskpaloPaiopeiopelo kanoe piialii pres my otherotharmother mary was bomborn in 1921 three years after agnes keolakoalakeala kekapai boa 1 hoakuka poepoe kalaaahiaikalamahjaj M and another daughterthelaadaughter thelmtheim followed two years later on 2 loulslouisLOUJBK paiopalo kakauolelo kanoe piialii and sarah puhi jan 30 1923 tresstreaseress sis poepoe on feb 4 1923 only lvefiveriveive days after the babysbabylebirthbaby lebirthbirthhirth 11 12 made menen my man its farmferm orlintedorimted nature promising only daily toil and food of real stateestate other aen wealthy but y tutu never had beybwbey&nct tushus persm&mfwtpersshdt for the table rose worked hard to put the family lands into the drive to look hisnis cantot practical use laboriously transforming grassmattedgrass matted pasture it was the same lhmattersinlh matters concerning the church not even the religious example wife nor frequent by into vegetable fields and flower gardens of his visits mission- could bakemikemake him aspire to a orsoreworemore perfect family I1 remember peeking at the chicken coops behind thetho house aries hishi existence by gospel sniffing at the pig pens near the old avocado tree and assured principles 1 a gawking at nursing calves from behind clusters of castor oil I understand that while he proved to be sufficient ho hum cause my leaves my grandparents had kept up the ainininiminifarmmini fermfarm operation provider his hohum attitude did exasperation in upon long after their children had left the nest grandmother who had to rely her growing children for running household and ah wa young I1 anam told was more of a reader than a assistance in the fulfilling her charitable lady did not laborer although he had never gotten past the sth8thesth grade he duties because tutu didiotdidnot drive the children often ran read everything from detective stories to law books to the errands for her and the pulehupulphu countryside bible As far back as myy mother can rememberdemember he had always in the 20s 30s rolled like ocean by been a notary public for the upcountry people peckingpeekingpacking out deeds dry swells toward the and mountains accessible only a meandering thread of a road originating in wailukuWailuku honeshomes wills and mortgages with only two fingers at the typewriter ere were hyphenated by wide stretches of farmland and pasture and A devout democrat he was appointed district magistrate of hana are most082 including my grandmotherprandmother were without in 1931934 by chief justice james coke and had no trouble interpreti- ost of the residents frand telephones family edeadeeedemadewede necessary ako store ng the lawlawalaws that camacame under his jurisdiction because he also the calls at a small pake enterprise near a gulch between the performed marriages some hawaiians jokingly called hishinhim the located chapel home not having immediate communication kahuna pule or minister one acquaintance called him the and the state of was granted as part of the country lifestyle my fivefiva and tantenton cents judge nevertheless his circle of friends taken for mothermokher says was nothing 1 to walk a mile or two just included such island notables as harry mossman henry holsteinmolstein other it barefoot a message or some poipol to a needy family harold riesrleerice lincoln mccandless and other influentials who to deliver walking or hitching were senators representatives and county chairmenchairman the proselyting missionaries after from wailuku to were always assured of temporary despite the factthatfact that he was a shrewd selfselflearnedlearned man rides kula lodging youngs home the husband of YVY general he was notnotmot overly ambitious As lonionionglong as he had food to eat and at sister president elainecannonElaine Cannon was among the many to whom she gave shelter cigars to smoke he was satisfied his keen advice and knowledge

55 9 10

finally she records the own details of her calling that document costs of the time for examplesexamplei consciously taking her place in the pulehupulphu branch history mar 17 1953 la hanau okaka hui 0 manawaleaManawalea 3503503.50 kohoukoahou papa pres R S anniversary isia kela fresfree hou i ka la 3 feb no buka moolelomoo 1501.50 makahikiMakahiki 1923 hoopsax ia e elder cowlybowly J piialii ka lelo 150 keawe puhi for the record book no ka lipinelapine no ka kolea 70yo70.70 called by the branch pres feb 3 1923 set lei apart by cowlybowly puhipuhl for the ribbon for the feather lei elder J Pilplipiialiialiiailiaill keawe no ka lopi 35035 ele pokalpokaa 1051.05 pres rose N young for 3 skeins of yarn 1 no ka abhauauhau tax 25 hoakuka isabella newton 700 2 anna K kaolulekaolulakaolulo 7007.00 june 5 135013.50 heat go monthamonths was soyu 9090.90 nine after she called to be president roses ginger and garlic 5050.50 soda 2102.102 loio10.10 baby thelmatheima suffered from a falifallfellfelifeilfail the neighbors say it ice so tat673u resulted in the dangerous hull apulopulopu condition thelma died 16.50 a society party at paispaiapala park no doubt on oct 11 1923 rose was five months pregnant at the time 1650 for relief meticulous notes leave the another daughter anyamy was boabomborn in feb 1924 there were including whole families her impression she kept a careful watch on the modest treasuredtreatreasureysurey more family additions at 2year2 year intervalsinterintervalsiintervalasinzervalsivalasvains ethel waswaa born ir that pulehupulphu branch members also had nanymany church activities 1926 and oliver her last child and only son was boabomborn in 1928 the warmly by my family there were I1 imagine that these years oustmust have been trying ones for which are recalled mothers hawaiian concerts ballroom type dances easter egg hunts and her raising agnes overcoming the lossloseiose of thelmatheimarhelma caring fortorhornor which my grandmother and her women helped the other young children and tending to her church duties christmas parties for prepare her schooling only went about asan far as the ath4th grade but she to kele smiles and shakes her head in was a tireless conscientious worker family friend violet childhood those were the best rose channeled a good portion of her energy into relief fond remembrance of her she says the tree would be all decorated society activities and bazaars which were the principle means christmas parties chapel no more electricity of financing the womens auxiliary the various relief societies with candles right inside the you know and santa claus he would jump in from the within the district frequently held joint bazaars in wailukuWailuku the we would get good presents one time I1 got a harmonica where she would sellseliseilbellbeli her needleworkn seed letsleis and succulent window we walked home together cold but mango seed along with the other contributions of the pulehupulphu afterwards nightnighttimetinetinbtime all women her notebook is filled with brief financial entries never windimindimindrmindowindo was good fun the young family maintained a simple rustic lifestyle 13 14 she would graciously give theethenkheethemkhem the front bedroom relocating Gonegenegenealogygonealogyalogy meeting at the home of sissibsig miriama the children into the other two bedrooms somehow she washed tauatau&tauteueau a& aoieaoleabie hiaenemimenegimene aolesolo pule no bongsong no prayer M J genealogy work for sissibsig tauatau a her guests clothes by hand as there was no nachinemachine and presentpresents 1 2 committee members I1 member sometimes slipped theethenkhenthemkhewkhem canned goods before they went tractintrachintradingg secretary rose H young nymy grandfather apparently accepted the hostess role of his there are no more notes on the pulehupulphu branch Geneology wife even cooking for the young elders on occasion unless committee perhaps my grandmothers minutes are an all too some overzealousover cealouszealousxealous sidereldereiderolder preached against his paka ciparelgarcigar familiar account of how some projects quickly lose steam habit nymy tutu man remained for the most part indifferent through mortal neglect our own computerassistedcomputer assisted programs being to the missionariesminsionarieiprosencepresence no exception to this strange phenomenon today rose young continued to perform her duties with unquestion- rose youngs service as relief society president extended able dedication I1 was simultaneously impressed and amused from 1922923 to 1947 over the years she assisted in births and with the unpretentious nature of the minutes she kept as dressed the deadtdeadsbeadsdeada she mothered missionaries and offered compa- secretary to the newly formed and short lived Geneology ssion to many families in july of 1951 she was again sustained committee of pulehupulphu always writing in hawaiian she recordsso ricord to be relief society president seserving as long as her health dec 22 1935 I1 rose haaieononaaaeono young and anna kanoho kaolulakaolulo werewore called to a committee to search out permitted in the early sixties she began to experience a the genealogy of this pulehupulphu branch as well as all those who desire to do their reneirenekgeneigenealogylogy presiding at weight losslose which the doctors mistakenly attributed to ulcers this meeting was elder charley ako we beanbeuanbegan with hymn 53 from the deseret sunday school songbooksonesong book my tutu mans health was also on the decline in those prayer by elder kalawaia charley ako gave the lesson on doing sonegenegonegenealogylogy papers for the people of years when I1 was just getting into the swingowing of high school pulehupulphu there were t6 families assembled at this meeting they were filled with joy as they filled but there seemed to be lesslose time to spend leisurely weekends in the names of parents grandparents and so forth one cent for each paper the meeting closed with a and summers up country hymn from the DSSSBOSSSB closing prayer by pulehupulphu branch prebprobprespros james piialii and then my grandfather died on july 11 1964 and tutu lady wabwasas suddenly a widow I1 dont recall much of that transi- meeting of jan 1936 anna kaolulo conducting opening hymn from neiemelameiamole 0 ziona 53 prayer by tion period in her life although I1 missed tutu man I1 believe rose HN young meeting becanbeeanbegan with one member ready the 1 my own be more to Oomeomcompletepletepiete her genealogy sissibsig winnie Keolkeolanuianulanui I was too involved in adolescent concerns to kealoha and molina were full ofdf jojorjoy in seeking out their genealogy closing hymn g54 nelneimelme ie 0 ziona and sensitive to my grandmothers situation prayer 2 committee members 2 members 1 genegenealogylogy work A few weeks after my grandfathers passing I1 saw tutu lady again my auntie ethel had driven her down to our wailuku

57 15 16 honehome and althousalthoughrh her visit webweswasas a rarity in itself I1 preliminary announcement had even been made eberearememberember the occasion because of the startling change in her I1 was fascinated in overhearing these bits and pieces appearance webweswasas no BUUBUUmuumuu there loose with bright flowers to I1 had just done a high school report on clairvoyancy and extra- 14jhep nonow frames float about hem thin frame i there were no highlacedhigh laced sensory perception and the academic interest made me anxious waswaeweeas black shoes instead she dressed in a smart beige suit to ask tutu lady of thisethese experiences ignorant as I1 was to and her nylonsheathednylon sheathed feet were nestled in a pair of cream gifts of the holy spirit grey warwarm colored flats the pillow of hair the smile and one day I1 finally found uyielfmyself alone with my arandgrandmothermother the quiet bannermanner were aymy tutu lady 1 still but I almost I1 dont know the circumstances which caused me to be in kula at reluctantly sensed was a period change that this of for her the timeszimmei I1 dont even recall if the rest of the family were on for her children even for me I1 dont think I1 would have the premises we were facing each other across her kitchen understood at the tiretimetima if anyone had told me that my grandmother table eating a meal which she had prepared my stomach was on way to temple her honolulu to receive her endowments knotted in nervous anticipation of what I1 was about to ask 64 my in november of married sister had a little bayboy we children did not make it a habit to elicit information of a the first grandchild for my parents the first greatgrandchildgreat grandchild personal nature from our elders or from any family member lady A few months 1965 oymy parents for tutu later in for that matter I1 eventually mustered the courage to blurt surprisingly announced that we too were going to have a new out Is it true that you dream of flowers before a baby is born baby I1 dont know how the others felt but my youngest she looked mildly surprised for a silyglieeilysauespue second I1 know she wabwas brother wabwas 9 years old and nothing could have delighted me hadnt expected the question but then she laughed and nodded more than the thought of having a sweet baby sister to pamper in a shy sort of way and began to explain the rosecarnationrose carnation it had to be a sisters three brothers were enough and I1 was relationship to babies born in the family only girl home the eirlmirl at im disappointed in myself that I1 cant remember more it was durinadurine this time that I1 began to hear of a special specifics from our conversation which was a truly uncommon ability which my grandmother possessed she was often able to exchange tutu lady spoke in maltingnainalRaitineting broken english often predict births by the manifestation of certain flowers in her injecting the work meemea the hawaiian equivalent of watcha dreams A carnation usually predicted a boy and a girl was macallitmacallie when she paused to recollect memories or grope always a rose had to my mother or my aunt she confided that for english words that I1 would understand she had known of her first greatgrandsonsgreat grandsons coming before the through her gestures and simple explanations I1 learnedlearned

58fzq 17 18 that a red rose had symbolized the cominscooingcoming of my sister I1 looking back I1L can hardly baysayeay that I1 was dirctldirectly was foretold by a pink rose my uncle oliver before becoming involved in the emotional strain surrounding tutu ladys the father of four girls was the subject of one unforgettable final months and weeks in this life nevertheless although dream in which he dived into a pool 0of water and emerged with I1 was a 16 year old with her own comings and goings neither a whale bouquet of roses was I1 unaware of or unaffected by all that was happening my curiositywascuriosity was urgingsurging inside did you dream anyanythingthinA around me for mommys baby I1 asked I1 overheard lowspokenlow spoken accounts of how aymy grandmother had she sailedsmiled and nodded her head white rose she said beenseen tsyteymy tutu man in a dream one night she had described him without hesitationhesitations but mea as being clean and well dressed with a coat over his arm she posed a hand in midairmid air and looked away trying to she had wanted to speak to him but he said he was too busy that express the vision in her mind he had a meeting to attend I1 heard the adults commenting that I1 waited watching herherstrugglestruggle to find words to describe sometimes the veil becomes very thin when a person is near the rose she frowned slightly fluttered her hand what dathdeath they also felt the dream was an indication that the exact word she did come up with I1 cannot recall however I1 temple work done on behalf of aymy grandfather had been accepted know I1 came away with the distinct impression that there was an by him imperfection in the flower not strong not healthy not my aunt once spoke of a puzzling dream my grandmother had ionelonelonaiona fresh but nevertheless a rose I1 felt that everything my before she had gone through the tempietempletempleitempled A man dressed in white grandmother told me was the simple and sincere truth had come to her home and elvenbiven her a book she said he had carried in the succeeding months her health dwindled drastically in one hand a strange white hatthatlhat it looked like a cooks hat and by the time cancer of internal organs was discovered there another time she envisioned a beautiful young woman in her dreams was nothing that could be done when asked if she was thelma the young woman answered yes kind neighbors kept company with tutu lady when aymy mother on the last day of my grandmothers life we made the trip or aunt could not be at her side they said she was not to kula and gathered around the frail figure lying on a bed off agnes worried about herself but raswabwas concerned about when the to the side of the dining room she lay where I1 used to watch time came who could love her care for her physical needs a robust tutu lady brushing her hair before sunday school the home what mizhtmiifrhtmicht happen to asaleaggie if she had to be moved from her silence was awkward but none of us children dared speak tutu and friends in pulehupulphu lady sailedsmiled weakly and saidneidneld something

59 19 20 shebshesashes talking to you my mother said to me encouraging I1 revisited the pulehupulphu home summer with my me to stepstop closer tutu lady sokeboke softly again but I1 couldnt last children many things have chanchancedsredgred but the past quite understand her I1 looked to my mom for help spirit of the lingers the wide porch the sammelsames my she said you look nice my mother smiled front is still sameibames grandparents once sat there and waved to occasional earbcarsearecareeans passing on the lower I1 stood in mute embarrassment why had I1 chosen to wear kula road blooming is tutu flower mardongardenpardon where a newnow bright orange capri setbetsotnot at such a time still ladys rarden she worked in boots an old muunuumuumuu and a floppy my mother prodded me to respond say thank you to rubber straw while we among tutu lady hat chased butterflies thezhebhe rose and pikake fragrances the standsstandbs for the tiny grape vineyard have long thankothankonthank you tutuladyTutu Lady t said obediently stand collapsed but the stubborn vines bear in the nymy grandmother managed a tired but beautiful smile it was still fruit hot sun so do heavyladenheavy laden mango trees loquat our last meeting she died peacefully that evening in the the the old tree the stormcrippledetorastorastorm crippled avocado tree the scraggly kaiwiwaiwi tree presenprenenpresencece of her own children after the rest of us had returned as though the land in membrymemory my grand- to wallukswailukuwallukuWailWalluku it is still lives her mothersmo thera presence the evidence of her care very stronga the very next morning I1 watched my father drive my mother is the same holds true with the people of the land they to the hospital where she delivered by C section a little speak fondly herihers name your stillborn girl our poor white rose of her they bless her tutu lady they say was a kind senerousonerous woman she had served the lord the following day this child was buried in the same plot with simple enduring faith with her grandmother rose in a family graveyard that still the children the fruits of rose naaieono young carry on overlooks the kula house and all of central kauikaulmaui of service today my mother mary soon of ailukuvailvaliwailukuWailuku my grandmothers passing in 1965 seemed part of an inevit- her tradition allaliail has ivenelveneiven over twentyfivetwenty five years of service as a society able change that was occurring on the upper slopes of the island relief president on branch ward or stake levels besides the newly completed kula highway offered quick access to some district being actively involved in many community functions of the choicest lands on maui and businesses and residents roses fourth daughter anyamy akina is a registered nurse alike were beginning to look toward these areas with thoughts of francis hospital and an active member of auwaiolimu ward development in mind A newnow LDSLOS chapel had been completed in at st my grandmothers youngest daughter ethel young of pulehupulphu Pukalani and the antiquated pulehupulphu chapel with its stately has taught seminary over 20 years she works as a guidance marble monument was soon to be designated as a purely for community college historical site counselor at maui 60 21

oliver young laIs a retired police officer and has served asan a bishop for manyyearsmany yearbyears in kaunakakai molokai he was recently ordained to be patriarch there for about 16 years now my auntie agnes now 64 years old has lived on oahu with a kind foster family who cares for three other handicapped adults as well she readily recognizes her sisters when they combconecome to visit healthy and strong but forever a child in this life aggie does not have a greygray hair on her head yet five living children twelve grandchildren and sixteen greatgrandchildrengreat grandchildren so far are her posterity we have partaken of the fruit otherof her hands and of her spirit when I1 was impressed to write this paper I1 thought I1 might discover some miracles and significant events to color nauishaulskaulsnaulamaulsmauis early LDS church history my grandmother being a leader among the women at the turn of the century instead I1 discovered the quiet miracle of my own tutu lady and a part of myself that had unknowingly received her benevolent testimony today I1 pay tribute to rose naaieono young and again speak my last words to hebhenhersherg thank you tutu lady your legacy lives

61 2

john kamealoha almeida called the dean of hawaiian composers for of hawaiian compositions although he Is pure portuguese na makua mahalo laia hormonmormon influences on hawaiian music and dance his thousands many of his songs are now classics probably the mostroostmoost popular being 6 sk 11 bt T lesu heme ke kanakakekanakaKe waiwai has been blind since the age of ten but was very helpful in raising money for the church through luaus and hula when the na makua mahalo laia awards were first envisioned it was intended shows throughout the 1930s and 1940s he is presently eightsixeight six years that their scope would remain limited to basically LDSLOS people who had disting- 190s old uished themselves in the performing arts for various reasons it has not been possible to retain this earlier restricted focus of the awards As a alice namakelua aunty is 90 years young and is remarkably spry and result even though recipients tend to be mainly drawn from LDSLOS ranks church active in her days she was a singer dancer translator composer membership is not the prime criterion for selection rather recipients are lecturer genealogist and slackstacksiacksiecksleckslackkeystackkeykey guitar artist she had a best- judged on the depth and quality of the contributions they have made to the selling album when she was eightytwoeighty two years old and still attends hawaiian cultural community an examination of the two sets of recipients church functions as best as she can she studledstudiedstudded hawaiian music for might better illustrate the criteria of the awards a period of time under the tutelage of hawaiis last queen lilluokalani

na makua mahalo laia I1 march 20 1980 drr mary kacenakawena pukui author historian lexicographer lecturer hula and chant genealogist lyricist composer and dancer she bill alliloaalitloaalwiloa lincoln born in kahalakohala hawaii to a longtimelong time hawaiian instructor holds two honorary doctorates and has received numerous awards through- family falsetto singer hula instructor composer and still active out the in 1981 she was nominated for the nobel prize in litera- performer his hula troupes helped to raise money for the building state her two hanal daughters pat and pele were great kurmukummu hula in of the honolulu tabernacle and performed at the dedication of the ture own kacenakawena is presently in a honolulu convalescent home church college of hawaii in 1958 their right her husband napoleon was raised in losepajosepa the hawaiian community in lolani luahine dancer chanter and teacher popular exponent of the utah and she was married by judge abraham fernandes the man who bap- ancient hula forms although was a she also great comic hula dancer tized Liliulilluokalanililiuokalaniokalani hedHerherfamilyher family the makekau clan are still very active in the church and the 1982 na makua laia recipients were she remained friendly and supportive of the church all her life she died in november 1978 alfred apaka sr A fivetermfive term hawaii legislator brother apaka was alvin kaleolanikaleiolaniKaleolani isaacs a composer prolific of hawaiian music includ- a very longtimelong time fixture on the hawaiian musical scene his baritone ing hulas songs chants and comic hulas he he has also written serious voice carried the hawaiian musical message worldwideworld wide in the 1930s and music such an anthems hymns movie scores and cantatascantatas his children 190s1940s although now in his eighties he still sings on occasion his and grandchildren continue carry on to his musical traditions add- late son alfred jr was a popular and beloved musician and singer tioitionallynally he has been very as a church member having active served in in his own right a number of church positions including his stake high council solomon bright sr uncle sol is still a very spry and active septdaseptua edith kanakaolekanakaloleKanaka iolelole chanter musician fumukumu hula author translator generiangederiangenerian his family have been musicians for many years and through composer and dancer winner of the two na hoku hanohano awards the uncle sols presidency of the hawaii musicians union a number of state of hawaii order of young distinction the 1979 brigham university mormon musicians and singing groups got their start his composition hawaii campus distinguished award service and the order of ke aliialliailiaill hawaiian cowboy and his rendition of lilluokalani basso profundaproprofundofundo nauahipauahlpauahi from the kamehameha schools LDSLOS traditional funeral services composition viivilwillwillWillwilltwill waivaliwatwailwali are considered true hawaiian classics were held for her in september 1979

62 3 t

andy cummings andy cummings cant remember a time when he hasnt been kacenakawena pukui A strict disciplinarian and articulateandarticulate speaker of the playing his ukulele and singing a song his tenor voice hathas been heard hawaiianhawallanlanguagelanguage her style of hula Is the more traditional slow worldwideworld wide particularly through his affiliation with the airlines indus- stately and dignified form with understated body motion and movement try his LDS roots go back to the old lanakila and auwalolimuauwaiolimu wards she and her husband george are now on an LDSLOS mission in san diego his composition waikiki is considered a hawaiian classic california eleanor hiram hoke she is probably the last of the templetrainedtemple trained aunty nevertheless hula kapu dancers aunty eleanor was trained at a hula heiau located harriet ne also not a member of the church harriet kinship church and members when close to where the kuiiimakullimakullama hotel now stands she was taught by her two has had a very close with the its of molokai the three kukunakupuna most often tutus keakaokalaKeaka okala kanahele and lulkaluika pele who gave up the dance after people talk about the island mary aunty ku both LDS and they taught the young eleanor having been raised in lalelaiela ie aunty eleanor mentioned are the late aunty lee clara was pelekunukunu valley of still has many relatives living there aunty harriet aunty harriet raised in the Pele colokamolokamolokaiI1 I1 where among other things she was taught the hula by the great lena guerrero aunty lena and her family have been mainstays in the hula master kaookaloo the dances of molokai are known for their great church for years and years she goes the temple whenever her still to mysticism and metaphysical power and aunty harriet through her students health permits her hawaiian music and hula traditions go way way deep has tried to retain those forms and traditions and many of her former students and proteprotegesgeAs are now major fumukumu hula and performers she was recognized by the hawaii legislature in 1982 sarah pule A longtimelong time very active member of the church aunty sarah for her many contributions and accomplishments has been known for her poets gift and musicians ear her husband akoni for many years represented his district in the state legislature sarah kailikeakalikaiiKall ikea aunty sarah is a girl who for many years lived laie even though his community calling wasweswa s that of a park custodian her on kauai where she and her husband have been taking care of the menehuneMene hune home area of kohalakahala has had an influence on other famous daughters and gardens in nawillwillnawtliwili she Is regarded highly among hula scholars for sons such as kamehameha edith kanakaoleKanaka ioielolerole bill lincoln and now aunty her knowledge of the menehuneMenehune dances of kauai which are among the old- sarah while she has written many hawaiian songs only a small number est dances in the hawaiian repertoire of them are known chiefly through the popularity of the singing of the lim family who are her ohana theodore kelsey he Is not a member of the church but this man has nonetheless had close dealings with church members and church families emma kapiolani farden sharpe aunty emma is also not a member of the particularly the kekahuna and paishon families of waialaewaianae and nanakulinanakullNana kulikullkuil LDS church but has performed for and in behalf of the church and its A hawaiibornhawaii born haole he learned hawaiian by talking to older hawaiian functions for years on the island of haulmaulmaui A public school teacher people outside his fathers store in hilo he later spent much time for many years and a member of the famous farden family of maui singers with many hawaiian chanters such as kuluwaimaka paleapaleepa leaiea and others brought dancers and composers aunty emma learned her hula from the fumukumu hula to the lalani village in waikiki by george mossman in his nineties kuhaibuhai likua who came out of retirement in his seventies to teach her now he is still translating and collecting old hawaiian chants she also studied with joseph llalaoleilalaolelialalolellalalialailala olelole and kacenakawena pukui

sally moanikealamoanlkeala wood naluai aunty sally was for fourteen years the kauikaulkaull zuttermelsterzuttermeisterZuttermelstermeister aunty kauikaulkaull learned her hula from her uncle sam hawaiian section dance instructor at the polynesian cultural center pua hataHalahaaheoheo who was a policeman LDS branch president and fumukumu hula prior to that she had a hula studio of her own for over forty years pua haaheo taught hula in his later life and only to three fulltimefull time she was raised in kahana valley and had as her lucy instructors logan students of which kaull was one through the years aunty kauikaulkaullkeull has munson pua kauikaulkeul haaheo lokalialogalia montgomery keakaokalaKeaka okala kanahele and

63 5

attempted to retain the traditions form and style of her uncle whilewhite adding her own nuances interpretations and touches As a result her dances are characterized by a smoothy flowing grace and rhythm that tends to understate the physical demands of her hula form she has also composed a classic mele hula nawa pua 6ka I1 limaiimailmaillma which is included in the repertoire of all serious hula dancers through her daughter noenoe and her granddaughter hauoli her traditions continue to be perpetuated

thus this review cursory though it has been hopefully gives further emphasis to the claim for laie and the church as being an important in- fluence on the creation and development of hawaiian music we have left a number of people out napua stevens poire vicki IIIihiihl111I1 4 rodgrigues and genoa keawe for example but then there will be other times and other awards perhaps it might be well to remember these words of kamehameha 1 E oni wale no oukousoukou I1 kuubuu pono aolenolenoiewole E pau movehovemove forward with my unfinished vision

e4ea