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Discovering Environmental and Social Justice in Amitav Ghosh’S Sea of Poppies

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Discovering Environmental and Social Justice in Amitav Ghosh’S Sea of Poppies PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DISCOVERING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN AMITAV GHOSH’S SEA OF POPPIES A Thesis Presented As Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement to Obtain the Magister Humaniora (M.Hum) in English Language Studies By: Anna Anganita Theresia Latumeten 156332035 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI APPROVAL A THESIS DISCOVERING ENYTRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN AMITAY GHOSH'S SEA OF POPPIES Patrisius Mutiara Andalas" S.J.. S.S., S.T.D. Thesis Advisor Yogyakarta, Novemb er l, 2011 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THESIS DEFENSE APPROVAL PAGE }ISCOYERING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN A]VIITAV GIIOSHOS,S'EH OF POPPTES by Anna Anganita Theresia Latumeten Student Number: l5$32A35 Defendetl before the T'hesis Committee antl Declared Acceptatrle TIIESIS COMMITTEE Chairperson : Paui*s Sarrvoto, Ph.D Secretary : Dra. Novita Ilewi, M.S., M,A (Hcns.). Ph.D Members 1. Sri Mulvani Ph.D =Ro 1)-J{, Yogyakarta, Novemb er 2$, 2017 ate Prograin Director University Budi Subanar, SJ. ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This is to certiff that all the ideas, phrases, and sentences, unless otherwise stated, are the ideas, phrases, and sentences of the thesis writer. The writer understands the full consequences including degree cancellation if she took somebody else's ideas, phrases, or sentences, without proper reference. Yogyakarta, Novernb er l, 2017 A L\"^'A{' t/' , )_-_-__ Anna Anganita Theresia Latumeten iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERI\IYATAAN PERSETUJUAN , PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIATI T]NTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Anna Anganita Theresia Latumeten NIM :156332035 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: DISCOVERING EI\IVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE I { IN AMITAV GIIOSH'S SEA OF POPPIES beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpusatakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mernpublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akadernis tanpa perlu memintaizin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Dernikian pernyataanini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada Tanggal 1 Novernber 2017 Yang menyatakan I /)',^/,'e'h'1'L ' Anna Anganita Theresia Latumeten lv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank Jesus Christ for all of His blessing. I give my gratitude to my thesis advisor, Patrisius Mutiara Andalas, S.J., S.S., S.T.D. for his constructive insight, help, and correction. I thank my lecturers in English Language Studies, Paulus Sarwoto, Ph.D and Dra. Novita Dewi, M.S., M.A. (Hons), Ph.D for the insightful class discussions. I also thank family; my parents H. Carl G. Latumeten and Tormaida E. Sitanggang, and my brothers Ducke Cristie Elias Latumeten and Denny Fladymier Kennedy Latumeten for their utmost support. I would like to thank my friends from ELS, especially from B Class of 2015. I also would like to thank my friends from Literature stream; mbak Sophia, mbak Angel, mbak Sabrina, mbak Ludmila, and Wibi. My special gratitude goes to Febby Winda Pelupessy, Jeanne Arini Ratna Suwanto, Wanda Rizky Kinanty, Maria Consolacion Regala Catap, Marschall Eirence Metekohy, Yosafat Barona Valentino, Flavianus Batan, and mbak Atyaka Laksmitarukmi for the friendship I cherish so much. Lastly, I would like to thank the academic staff of ELS for their helping hands. v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL ........................................................................................................... i THESIS DEFENSE APPROVAL PAGE ........................................................... ii STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ................................................................... iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN ................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ viii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ ix CHAPTER I .......................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 A. Backround of the Study ............................................................................ 1 B. Problem Formulation ................................................................................ 8 C. Significance of the Study ......................................................................... 9 D. Chapters Outline ..................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER II ....................................................................................................... 11 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................. 11 A. Review of Related Studies ..................................................................... 11 B. Review of Related Theory ...................................................................... 29 CHAPTER III ..................................................................................................... 46 THE EFFECT OF COLONIZATION ON THE NATURE AND THE PEOPLE IN GHOSH‘S SEA OF POPPIES ..................................................................... 46 A. The Effect of Colonization on the Nature .............................................. 46 B. The Effect of Colonization on the People .............................................. 56 CHAPTER IV ...................................................................................................... 65 RESISTANCE AS A MEANS TO DISCOVER THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN GHOSH‘S SEA OF POPPIES ........................... 65 A. The Early Resistance .............................................................................. 65 B. Migration and Resistance ....................................................................... 69 vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER V ....................................................................................................... 85 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 85 A. Significance and Achievement ............................................................... 87 B. Relevance ............................................................................................... 92 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 95 vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Latumeten, Anna Anganita Theresia. 2017. Discovering Environmental and Social Justice in Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies. Yogyakarta: The Graduate Program in English Language Studies, Sanata Dharma Univeristy. This thesis explores the effect of colonization on the nature and indigenous people, as well as to explore how the effect of colonization is resisted as a means to discover the environmental and social justice. This thesis examines a novel entitled Sea of Poppies (2008) that is written by Indian writer Amitav Ghosh. In raising this topic, it is expected that this thesis is able to take part in the rising awareness of environmental and social justice. This thesis uses postcolonial ecocriticism as the main theory to help in analyzing the text. The debate of the need to bring the issue of postcolonialism and ecocriticism, the relationship between human and the nature in the colonial setting, along with the discussion of resistance in search for environmental and social justice, are brought together in seeing the environmental and social issues raised by the novel. There is an apparent shift in nature‘s role for the indigenous population. Nature and indigenous people previously have a harmonious relationship before the arrival of the colonial. The settlement of the colonial brings about impacts to India in two ways: the exploitation of their nature and the exploitation of indigenous population. Resistance comes as a reaction of the double forms of exploitation. Keyword: postcolonial ecocriticism, resistance, environmental justice, social justice viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Latumeten, Anna Anganita Theresia. 2017. Discovering Environmental and Social Justice in Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies. Yogyakarta: Program Pasca Sarjana Kajian Bahasa Inggris Universitas Sanata Dharma. Tesis ini membahas tentang efek kolonalisasi terhadap alam dan orang- orang pribumi, dan juga membahas tentang resistensi sebagai usaha untuk menemukan environmental justice dan keadilan sosial. Tesis ini membahas novel berjudul Sea of Poppies (2008) yang ditulis oleh penulis India bernama Amitav Ghosh. Dengan mengangkat topik ini, tesis ini dapat
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