M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT For EXPANSION AND CHANGE IN PRODUCT MIX
By M/s. SANSKAR CHEMICALS AND DRUGS PVT LIMITED
At
S.F. No. 457/3A, 457/3C, 457/4A, 457/4C, 457/4C (Part) Ammoor Village, 12/5 (Part) Chettithangal Village, Taluk: Walajah District: Vellore State: Tamil Nadu ToR Issued 18th December, 2018
Baseline Monitoring Period – Mid January- End April 2019
Public Hearing Conducted on: 2nd January, 2020.
EIA Consultant HUBERT ENVIRO CARE SYSTEMS (P) LTD, CHENNAI (NABET Accredited vide Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1619/RA0083)
August 2020
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Acknowledgement
The following personnel are gratefully acknowledged for their fullest support in collection, compilation of needful data regarding the project and kind co-operation in fulfilling the report on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report of M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Private Limited. M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Private Limited,
1. Mr. Dinesh Kumar, Managing Director 2. Mr.Karthikeyan, Factory Manager
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Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization
I, Dr. J. R. Moses,“Expansion hereby and confirm Change that in theProduct below Mix” mentioned experts prepared the EIA/EMP for the proposed at S. F. No. 457/3A, 457/3C, 457/4A, 457/4C, 457/4C (Part) Ammoor Village, 12/5 (Part) Chettithangal Village, Walajah Taluka, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu and also confirms that I shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.
Signature:01.08
Date: .2020
Name: Dr. J. R. Moses
NameDesignation: of the CEOEIA Consultant Organization
NABET Certificate No & Validity : Hubert Enviro Care System Private Limited, Chennai.
: NABET/EIA/1619/RA0083 valid till 29.09.2020
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Declaration of Experts Contribution to the EIA
I hereby certify that I was involved in the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA with the support of the followingEIA CoTeam-ordinator Members.
Name: Mr. Vamsee Krishna Navooru 01.08.2020 Signature: Contact Information: Date:
Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., # A-21, Phase III, Behind Lion Club School, Thiru-vi-ka Industrial Area, Guindy, Chennai –600032 Website:Tamil Nadu, www.hecs.in India Email: [email protected] Functional Area Experts (FAEs):
Functional Duration of S. No. Name of the Expert Signature Areas Involvement
1. AP FAE Dr. J R Moses July 2018- till date
2. AQ FAE Dr. J R Moses July 2018- till date
3. WP FAE Dr. J R Moses July 2018- till date
4. SHW FAE Mr. A. Manoharan July 2018- till date
5. SE FAE Mr. V. Dhivakar July 2018- till date
6. EB FAE Mr. A. Manoharan July 2018- till date
7. HG FAE Mr. Mallikarjuna Rao July 2018- till date
8. LU FAE Mr. Venkateswarlu July 2018- till date
9. RH FAE Dr. J R Moses July 2018- till date
10. SC FAE Mr. A. Manoharan July 2018- till date
AP - Air pollution monitoring, prevention and control 4 | P a g e M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
AQ - Meteorology, air quality modeling and prediction WP - Water pollution monitoring, prevention and control SHW - Solid and hazardous waste management SE - Socio-economics EB - Ecology and biodiversity HG - Hydrology, ground water and water conservation LU - Land use RH - Risk assessment and hazards management
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Contents 1 Introduction...... 16 1.1 Project Background...... 16 1.2 Overview of Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Private Limited...... 17 1.3 Purpose and Status of Report...... 17 1.4 Project Proponent...... 17 1.5 Brief description of Nature, Size, location of the project & its importance to the country 18 1.5.1 Nature, Size & Location of the project ...... 18 1.5.2 Need for the Project and its Importance to the Country/Region ...... 25 1.6 Export Possibility ...... 25 1.7 EIA study ...... 25 1.8 EIA cost...... 26 1.9 Scope of the study ...... 26 1.10 Objectives of the Study ...... 28 1.11 Methodology adopted for the Study ...... 29 1.12 Applicable Regulatory Framework...... 29 1.13 ToR Compliance...... 32 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION...... 42 2.1 Type of Project...... 42 2.2 Site location...... 42 2.3 Existing Environmental setup...... 48 2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation ...... 49 2.5 Proposed Schedule for Approval & Implementation...... 49 2.6 Technology & Process Description...... 49 2.6.1 Process Description ...... 49 2.6.2 Products Manufactured ...... 49 2.6.3 Detailed Manufacturing process description ...... 50 2.7 Raw material requirement...... 51 2.7.1 Source of supply of Raw material & marketing area of final products ...... 52 2.8 Storage facility for Raw Material and Products...... 52 2.9 Resource Optimization/Recycling and Re-Use Envisaged in the Industry...... 52 2.9.1 Solvent Recovery & Re-Use...... 52 2.10 Project description including Drawings showing Project Layout, Components of project 53 2.10.1 Project layout, components of project...... 53 2.11 Resource requirement...... 56 2.11.1 Land requirement and Land use planning...... 56 2.11.2 Water requirement...... 57 2.11.3 Power and Fuel requirement ...... 58 2.11.4 Manpower requirement...... 59
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2.11.5 Solid and Hazardous waste management...... 59 2.12 Infrastructure facilities...... 60 2.13 Machinery & Equipment Details...... 61 2.14 Description of Mitigation Measures Incorporated Into the Project to Meet the Environmental Standards...... 61 2.14.1 Land environment...... 62 2.14.2 Soil contamination...... 63 2.14.3 Air Environment ...... 63 2.14.4 Noise environment ...... 64 2.14.5 Water Environment ...... 65 2.14.6 Biological Environment...... 66 2.14.7 Solid waste management...... 67 2.15 Project Cost...... 68 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT...... 70 3.1 Preamble ...... 70 3.2 Study area ...... 70 3.3 Description of the study area...... 71 3.4 Environmentally/Ecologically Sensitive Areas ...... 73 3.5 Physical Conditions...... 79 3.5.1 PIA District Profile ...... 79 3.5.2 Climatic conditions ...... 79 3.5.3 Natural resources of district...... 79 3.5.4 Land Use & Land Cover...... 84 3.5.5 Topography ...... 89 3.5.6 Geology of PIA district ...... 92 3.5.7 Geomorphology of PIA district...... 92 3.5.8 Hydrogeology of PIA district ...... 96 3.5.9 Drainage pattern in PIA district ...... 98 3.5.10 Soil in PIA district...... 100 3.5.11 Seismicity...... 100 3.6 Meteorology...... 102 3.6.1 Meteorological Conditions...... 102 3.6.2 Meteorological Data Collection ...... 102 3.6.3 General Meteorological Scenario based on IMD data...... 102 3.6.4 Meteorological Scenario during Study Period...... 104 3.6.5 Site Specific Meteorological data during Study Period...... 104 3.6.6 Atmospheric Inversion ...... 105 3.7 Ambient Air Quality ...... 105 3.7.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations ...... 106 3.7.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Techniques and Frequency ...... 108 3.8 Noise Environment...... 112 3.8.1 Results and Discussion ...... 112
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3.8.2 Observations...... 114 3.9 Water Environment ...... 115 3.9.1 Surface water resources ...... 115 3.9.2 Surface water quality assessment...... 115 3.9.3 Results and Discussion ...... 122 3.10 Ground water resources...... 123 3.10.1 Ground water quality...... 123 3.11 Soil as a resource and its quality ...... 128 3.11.1 Soil quality ...... 128 3.11.2 Results and Discussion ...... 132 3.12 Biological Environment...... 132 3.12.1 Flora ...... 132 3.12.2 Fauna ...... 134 3.13 Socio economic status...... 136 3.13.1 Socio Economic Aspects...... 136 3.13.2 Social Economic Profile of the study area...... 138 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 147 4.1 Introduction...... 147 4.2 Construction phase ...... 147 4.3 Operation phase...... 147 4.3.1 Land environment...... 148 4.3.2 Soil environment...... 148 4.3.3 Air Environment ...... 148 4.3.4 Impacts due to Traffic and Transportation...... 156 4.3.5 Noise environment ...... 157 4.3.6 Water environment...... 158 4.3.7 Biological Environment...... 159 4.3.8 Solid waste management...... 160 4.3.9 Socio-Economic Environment ...... 160 5 Analysis of Alternatives ...... 162 5.1 Introduction...... 162 5.2 Alternate site Analysis ...... 162 6 Environmental Monitoring Program...... 164 6.1 Introduction...... 164 6.2 Objectives...... 164 6.3 Environmental Management Plan during Construction phase...... 165 6.4 Environmental Management Plan during Operation phase...... 165 6.5 Post Project Environmental Monitoring...... 166 7 Additional Studies...... 169 7.1 Public Consultation ...... 169 7.1.1 Reply to the issues raised by the public during Public Hearing on 02.01.2020....171 7.2 Rehabilitation and Resettlement...... 180
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7.3 Risk Assessment...... 180 7.4 Disaster Management Plan ...... 180 7.5 Emergency Management Plan (On Site)...... 181 7.6 Hazard Identification and Safety System...... 181 7.7 Chronology of events and product details...... 186 8 Project Benefits...... 190 9 Environmental Management Plan...... 192 9.1 Introduction...... 192 9.2 Objectives of EMP...... 192 9.3 EMP roles and responsibilities ...... 193 9.3.1 Safety, Health and Environment policy...... 195 9.4 EMP for Operational Phase...... 196 9.4.1 Air quality...... 196 9.4.2 Noise Environment...... 197 9.4.3 Water and wastewater management ...... 197 9.4.4 Rainwater harvesting and Ground water recharging ...... 197 9.4.5 Solid and Hazardous waste management...... 198 9.4.6 Land Environment ...... 199 9.4.7 Biological Environment...... 199 9.4.8 Socio economic environment ...... 200 9.5 Available safety system...... 200 9.5.1 Fire Extinguisher...... 200 9.5.2 Spill Emergency Mitigation Procedure ...... 201 9.5.3 Occupational Health Centre (OHC)...... 202 9.5.4 First aid Boxes ...... 202 9.6 Work Zone Monitoring Equipments ...... 202 9.7 Occupational Health and Safety program ...... 203 9.7.1 Operational phase...... 203 9.7.2 Occupational Health Monitoring...... 203 9.8 Corporate social responsibility ...... 204 9.9 Corporate Environmental responsibility...... 204 9.10 Cost Estimate for Environment Management Plan (EMP)...... 205 9.11 Greenbelt development plan ...... 205 10 Summary & Conclusion...... 210 10.1 Project location & description ...... 210 10.2 Baseline study...... 210 Project Influenced Area (PIA)/Study Area...... 210 10.2.1 Meteorological Environment ...... 210 10.2.2 Disaster Management Plan ...... 213 10.2.3 On site emergency plan ...... 213 10.2.4 Project Benefits...... 213 10.2.5 Conclusion...... 214
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11 Disclosure of Consultant ...... 216 11.1 Brief Profile of Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Limited (HECS)...... 216 11.2 Quality Policy of HECS...... 217 11.3 QCI-NABET - EIA Accreditation...... 217
List of Table
Table 1-1Existing and Proposed product details and their capacities ...... 16 Table 1-2 Details of Project Proponent...... 18 Table 1-3 Project Site co-ordinates ...... 18 Table 1-4 Salient features of the project site ...... 19 Table 1-5 Applicable Acts and Rules ...... 29 Table 2-1List of Industries within 10km radius from the project site...... 48 Table 2-2 Nearest Human settlement ...... 48 Table 2-3 Time schedule for completion of project...... 49 Table 2-4 Existing and Proposed products with capacity...... 49 Table 2-5 Raw materials and storage details...... 51 Table 2-6 Details of solvents ...... 53 Table 2-7 Land Area Break up details ...... 56 Table 2-8 Water requirement Breakup for Existing and Proposed ...... 57 Table 2-9Power and Fuel requirement details...... 59 Table 2-10Man power requirement ...... 59 Table 2-11Solid Waste Generation and Management ...... 59 Table 2-12 Hazardous Waste generation and Management...... 60 Table 2-13 List of Machineries &Equipment ...... 61 Table 3-1 Environmentally Sensitive Areas within 15 km radius of the project boundary...... 73 Table 3-2 Agricultural activities in Vellore District (Year 2015-16) ...... 81 Table 3-3 District land use/land cover statistics for Vellore district ...... 84 Table 3-4 Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10 km radius of the study area ...... 85 Table 3-5 Geomorphology of the study area ...... 93 Table 3-6 Climatological Summary – Vellore Region (1971-2000) ...... 103 Table 3-7 Meteorology Data for the Study Period (Mid Jan – End April 2019)...... 105 Table 3-8 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations...... 106 Table 3-9 Analytical Methods for Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters...... 108 Table 3-10 Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants ...... 109 Table 3-11 Day and Night Equivalent Noise levels ...... 114 Table 3-12 Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters ...... 115 Table 3-13Details of Surface water sampling locations ...... 116 Table 3-14Surface Water Monitoring Results...... 118 Table 3-15Surface water Standards (IS 2296:1992) ...... 121 Table 3-16 Ground water potential in Vellore district (as on March 2011) ...... 123 Table 3-17 Details of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Locations...... 123 Table 3-18Groundwater monitoring results...... 125 Table 3-19 Soil Quality monitoring locations ...... 129 Table 3-20 Soil monitoring results ...... 131
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Table 3-21List of flora observed/reported in the study area...... 133 Table 3-22 List of Fauna observed/reported in the study area...... 134 Table 3-23 Social Indicators ...... 136 Table 3-24 Educational Infrastructures ...... 137 Table 3-25 Socio economic analysis: Health care...... 138 Table 3-26 List of villages in the study area ...... 138 Table 3-27 Summary of Socio-economic indicators within the study area...... 139 Table 3-28 Summary of Employment and Livelihood within the study area ...... 140 Table 3-29 Details of Education facilities within study area ...... 140 Table 3-30 Literates population and the percentage within the study area ...... 140 Table 3-31 Health facility within the study area ...... 142 Table 3-32 Drinking water sources in the study area...... 143 Table 4-1 Existing stack emission details...... 151 Table 4-2 Proposed stack emission details ...... 151
Table 4-3Estimated Top 10 Highest Concentrations of PM10 Obtained Through Modeling ...... 152
Table 4-4Estimated Top 10 Highest Concentrations of PM2.5 Obtained Through Modeling ...... 153 Table 4-5Estimated Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide Obtained Through Modeling ...... 154 Table 4-6Estimated Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Oxides of Nitrogen Obtained through Modeling ...... 155 Table 4-7 Total Maximum GLC’s from the Stack Emission...... 156 Table 4-8 Existing & proposed vehicular movement per hour...... 156 Table 4-9Traffic Volume after Implementation of the Project ...... 157 Table 5-1 Connectivity of the site ...... 162 Table 6-1 Post Project Environmental Monitoring Program ...... 166 Table 9-1EMC Responsibility ...... 194 Table 9-2 Air Pollution Control Measures ...... 196 Table 9-3 Fire and safety systems...... 200 Table 9-4 CER Activities...... 205 Table 9-5 Estimated budget for EMP (Capital and Recurring cost)...... 205
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List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Project location Index map...... 22 Figure 1-2 Administraitve map of Study Area ...... 23 Figure 1-3 Topo map of Study Area ...... 24 Figure 2-1 Environmental Sensitive areas within 15 km radius of the project site ...... 43 Figure 2-2 Satellite Imagery of the project site ...... 44 Figure 2-3 Satellite Imagery of 10 km radius from the project site...... 45 Figure 2-4 Satellite Imagery of 5 km radius from the project site...... 46 Figure 2-5 Satellite imagery of 1 km radius from the project site...... 47 Figure 2-6 Site Layout...... 54 Figure 2-7 Site Photographs...... 55 Figure 2-8 Green belt Photographs ...... 56 Figure 2-9 Water balance chart for existing facility...... 57 Figure 2-10 Water balance chart for the proposed expansion ...... 58 Figure 2-11 Waste Management Concept ...... 67 Figure 3-1 Satellite Image of the study area of the project ...... 72 Figure 3-2 Environmental sensitive areas covering within 15km radius of the study area ...... 78 Figure 3-3 Geology and Mineral Map of Tamil Nadu ...... 83 Figure 3-4land use pattern of Vellore district ...... 85 Figure 3-5Land use pattern of the study area ...... 87 Figure 3-6 Land use/Land cover map of the study area ...... 88 Figure 3-7Physical map of Tamil Nadu...... 89 Figure 3-8Topo map of the study area...... 90 Figure 3-9 Contour map of study area...... 91 Figure 3-10 Geomorphology pattern of the study area ...... 94 Figure 3-11 Geomorphology map of the study area...... 95 Figure 3-12 Hydrogeology of PIA district...... 97 Figure 3-13 Drainage map of the study area...... 99 Figure 3-14 Seismicity map of India...... 101 Figure 3-15 Specific Wind rose for the Study Period (Mid-January – End April 2019) ...... 104 Figure 3-16 Atmospheric inversion level at the project site ...... 105 Figure 3-17 Map showing the ambient air quality monitoring locations ...... 107 Figure 3-18 Trends of measured Ambient Air Quality in the study area ...... 111 Figure 3-19 Map showing noise monitoring locations...... 113 Figure 3-20 Map showing Surface water monitoring locations with the study area ...... 117 Figure 3-21 Map showing the ground water monitoring locations...... 124 Figure 3-22Map showing soil monitoring locations ...... 130 Figure 4-1 Windrosediagramfor the zone (15th Jan, 2019 – 30th April, 2019) ...... 149
Figure 4-2 Predicted 24-Hrs GLC’s of PM10within 10 km Radius of the Study Area...... 152
Figure 4-3 Predicted 24-Hrs GLC’s of PM2.5 within 10 km Radius of the Study Area ...... 153
Figure 4-3 Predicted 24-Hrs GLC’s of SO2 within 10 km Radius of the Study Area ...... 154 Figure 4-4 Predicted 24-Hrs’ GLC’s of NOx within 10 km Radius of the Study Area ...... 155 Figure 4-5 Waste Management Concept...... 160 Figure 7-1 Public Hearing Advertisements ...... 169 Figure 7-2 Notice issued for Public Hearing...... 170
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Figure 7-3 Public Hearing Photos...... 170 Figure 9-1Environmental Management Cell...... 193 Figure 9-2 EHS Policy ...... 195 Figure 9-3 Rainwater Harvesting Photographs ...... 198 Figure 9-4 Fire safety system ...... 201 Figure 9-5Greenbelt Photographs ...... 207
List of Annexure
Annexure No Description 1. Land deed letter 2. Consent for establishment 3. Renewal of Consent order 4. Site layout plan 5. Topo map of the study area 6. Product MSDS 7. Raw material MSDS 8. Raw material storage details 9. Manufacturing process details 10. Ash utilization letter 11. Soil testing report 12. Hazardous waste authorization letter for Spent catalyst and chromium & chromium (III) 13. CEPI index for critically polluted areas 14. Raw data of AAQ monitoring 15. Expenditure towards Occupational Health and Safety 16. Medical Health checkup reports 17. Proposed STP and MEE Specifications 18. Water Supply Agreement 19. Stack Emission Test Report 20. Risk Assessment Report 21. Biological Environment Study report
List of Appendix
Appendix No. Description 1 ToR 2 Executive Summary 3 Newspaper advertisements, TNPCB minutes & NGO Copy 4 PH Compliance Report - Photographs
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5 Land Classification Certificate 6 Compliance Statement for Office Memorandum- F. No. 22-23/2018-IA.III (Pt) Dated: 31.10.2019 7 Public Hearing presentation 8 Latest Photographs of Ammoor Eri Dated: 24.03.2020 9 Form-5 for Existing facility 10 Analyzing the Depth of Ground water in the project study area by using Piezometer Dated: 29.05.2020
List of Abbreviations SCDPL Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Private limited KLD Kilo Liters per Day MEE Multiple Effect Evaporator IBEF Indian Brand Equity Foundation NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training QCI Quality Council of India EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ToR Terms of Reference SPCB State Pollution Control Board CPCB Central Pollution Control Board TNPCB Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board TSDF Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility ETP Effluent Treatment Plant HSD High Speed Diesel GLC Ground Level Concentration PUC Pollution Under Control OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration BDL Below Detectable Limit BLQ Below level of Quantification CSR Corporate Social Responsibility EMC Environmental Management cell DMP Disaster Management Plan IMD Indian Metrological Data MSDS Material Safety and Data Sheet PPE Personnel Protective Equipment
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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1 Introduction
1.1 Project Background
The company was originally under the name of J.R.P Intermediate Private Limited, incorporated on 2nd February 2000CTE Proceeding no: T11/TNPCB/CHEM/F.15979/RS/A/VLR/09 dated: 24.07.2009 (for Air), CTE Proceeding no:T11/TNPCB/CHEM/F.15979/ RS/W/VLR/09dated 24.07.2009(for water). Later it was taken over by M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Private Limited in the year 2009 to manufacture synthetic organic chemicals and drugs without any change in products and quantity.
In order to meet the needs of the market, the company proposes to manufacture additional products within its existing premises at Survey No. 457/3A, 457/3C, 457/4A, 457/4C, 457/4C (part) Ammoor village, 12/5 (Part) Chettithangal village, Walajah Taluka, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. The details of the existing and proposed products with the capacities are provided in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1Existing and Proposed product details and their capacities
Quantity (MT/Month) Total quantity after S. No Products Existing Products Proposed Products expansion
1. Poly Allamine Hydrochloride 20 Retained 20 2. Isopropanol Hydrochloride 40 Retained 40 3. Non ferric alum 90 Dropped 0 4. Basic chromium Sulphate 90 Dropped 0 5. Spent caustic lye solution 10 Dropped 0 6. Linagliptin - 0.15 0.15 7. Vildagliptin - 1.5 1.5 8. Trityl olmesartanmedoximal - 2 2 9. Allyl Isopropyl acetyl urea - 5 5 10. Diacerine - 0.2 0.2 11. Sitagliptin - 1 1 12. Lexoprofen - 2 2 13. Isopropyl bromide - 10 10 14. Allylbromide - 6 6 15. Hydrogen Bromide - 25 25 Total 250 52.85 112.85 By products 1 Spent Sulphuric acid 81 Retained 81
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2 Gypsum 60 dropped - Total 141 - 81 Note: 1. As per Consent to Operate(renewal) order no:F.0190VLR/RS/DEE/TNPCB/VLR/W/2020 dated 03.07.2020 for 5 products with total capacity of 250 MT/month and 2 by products of capacity 141 MT/month which is valid upto 31.03.2021.
2. Non ferric alum, Basic chromium Sulphate and Spent caustic lye solution are dropped from the existing product and Gypsum from existing by-product.
1.2 Overview of Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Private Limited
The increasing demand of the product has prompted the promoters to undertake manufacturing of some selected chemicals and drugs. The existing production capacity is 250 MT/Month with 5 products and 2 byproducts with the capacity of 141 MT/Month. The proposed capacity is 52.85 MT/Month with 10 new products. Total capacity after expansion would be 112.85 MT/Month with 12 products and one by product of 81 MT/Month. Land document is attached as Annexure 1. The unit has been engaged in the manufacturing of Polyallamine Hydrochloride, Isopropanol Hydrochloride, Non ferric alum, Basic Chromium Sulphate and spent caustic lye solution (with a capacity of 250 MT/Month) and producing by product in the form of Spent Sulphuric acid and gypsum with a combined capacity of 141 MT/Month. Now the unit proposes to manufacture additional products such as linagliptin, Vildagliptin, Trityl Olmesartan Medoximal, Allyl Isopropylacetyl urea, Diacerine, Sitagliptin, Lexoprofen, Isopropylbromide, Allylbromide and Hydrogen bromide.
1.3 Purpose and Status of Report
With the growing demand, the unit proposes to manufacture additional products within the existing facility. The existing production capacity is 250 MT/Month with 5 products, 2 by- products with capacity 141 MT/Month. The proposed capacity with 10 new products will be 112.85 MT/Month.
1.4 Project Proponent
M/s. Sanskar chemicals and Drugs Private Limited is a private firm incorporated in 2009. It is classified as Non-Government Company. Details of Project proponent is given in Table 1-2.
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Table 1-2 Details of Project Proponent S No. Item Details
1. Name R. Dinesh Kumar
2. Designation Owner
3. Address House No. D.No 47 Millers road, rainbow raj bhawan, Kilpauk, Chennai.
4. Pin Code 600010
5. E – mail [email protected]
6. Telephone No. 9600018218
1.5 Brief description of Nature, Size, location of the project & its importance to the country
1.5.1 Nature, Size & Location of the project
The proposed project is located at survey no. 457/3A, 457/3C, 457/4A, 457/4C, 457/4C (part) Ammoor village, 12/5 (Part) Chettithangal village, Walajah Taluka, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. The total land area is 3745.18 sq. meters. The project falls in SOI Topo Sheet No. 57/O, 57P/5 and lies between 12057’50.15” N 79020’33.49”E (Center Co-ordinates). The site co-ordinates of the project site are given inTable 1-3.Project location index map is shown inFigure 1-1. The Administrative map of the project location is appended in Figure 1-2and Toposheet Map is appended in Figure 1-3.The salient features of the project site are represented in Table 1-4. Table 1-3 Project Site co-ordinates
Geographical Co-ordinates S. No Site point Latitude (N) Longitude (E)
1. Center co-ordinates 12057’50.15” 79020’33.49”
2. A 12057’52.05” 79020’33.05” 3. B 12057’51.97” 79020’34.55” 4. C 12057’48.47” 79020’33.75” 5. D 12057’48.47” 79020’32.69”
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Table 1-4 Salient features of the project site S. No. Particulars Details
1. Name of Company M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs private limited
2. Project name Expansion and Change in Product mix S.F. No. 457/3A, 457/3C, 457/4A, 457/4C, 457/4C (Part) Ammoor Village,12/5 (Part) Chettithangal Village, 3. Location Taluka: Walajah District: Vellore State: Tamil Nadu
Site co-ordinates 12057’50.15” N 4. (center co-ordinates) 79020’33.49” E
Project Activity, Category as per EIA 5. Project schedule 5(f)- Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing, Category A. Notification 2006 and its amendments Quantity (MT/Month) Total S. Products Existing Proposed Quantity after No Products Products expansion Poly Allamine 1 20 Retained 20 Hydrochloride Isopropanol 2 40 Retained 40 Hydrochloride 3 Non ferric alum 90 dropped 0 Basic chromium 6. Product details 4 90 dropped 0 Sulphate Spent caustic lye 5 10 dropped 0 solution 6 Linagliptin - 0.15 0.15 7 Vildagliptin - 1.5 1.5 Trityl 8 - 2 2 olmesartanmedoximal Allyl Isopropyl acetyl 9 - 5 5 urea
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10 Diacerine - 0.2 0.2 11 Sitagliptin - 1 1 12 Lexoprofen - 2 2 13 Isopropyl bromide - 10 10 14 Allylbromide - 6 6 15 Hydrogen Bromide - 25 25 Total 250 52.85 112.85 By products 1 Spent Sulphuric acid 81 Retained 81 2 Gypsum 60 dropped 0 Total 141 81 Note: 1. As per Consent to Operate (renewal) order no: F.0190VLR/RS/DEE/TNPCB/VLR/W/2020 dated 03.07.2020 for 5 products with total capacity of 250 MT/month and 2 by products of capacity 141 MT/month which is valid upto 31.03.2021. 2.Non ferric alum, Basic chromium Sulphate and Spent caustic lye solution are dropped from the existing product and Gypsum from existing by product. The total plot area is 3745.18 sq. m (0.925 Acres). Land documentis attached as 7. Total Land area Annexure 1. We are proposing to increase our greenbelt area from 597.40 Sq.m (15.95%) to 1498.07 Sq.m (40%) by converting open area and rearranging facilities. 8. Greenbelt area Proposed Layout plan of the project site demarcated with greenbelt area is attached in Annexure-5. Existing 2 nos products retaining with 60 MT/Month and 1 by product 81 MT/Month. Proposed product 9. Newly proposed 10 nos products with 52.85 MT/Month. with capacity Total 12 nos products with 112.85MT/Month. By product retained: 1 no with 81 MT/Month. The existing water requirement is 5 KLD. Water The total water requirement for the proposed project is 20 KLD. 10. requirement Fresh water requirement is 12.2 KLD. Source of water: Private tankers.
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Existi Descripti Proposed After Expansion ng Treatment Units on (KLD) (KLD) (KLD) Waste water and 11. Domestic 1.6 0.8 2.4 Existing-Septic tank mode of disposal Proposed- STP (3 KLD) Existing-Solar Industrial 0.5 5.5 6.0 Evaporation pond Effluent Proposed- MEE(10 KLD)
After Details Existing Proposed Source Expansion Power Requirement 116.56 23.31 139.87 TANGEDCO (kVA) 12. Power requirement Backup- 100 50 150 D.G. sets (kVA) Fire wood 75 25 100 Local party (MT/Month) HSD Authorized petrol 400 100 500 (Lit/Month) bunks
Description Permanent Manpower (Nos) Existing 25 13. Proposed 10 Total 35 Stack Existi Propo Source heigh Pollution control measures ng sed t (m) Boiler (1 No) 5.0* - 20 Stack Reactor vessel 6* *4 10 Common scrubber with stack (10 Nos)
14. Air Pollution Sources D.G. set (1 No) 100* 200 4 Stack *Note: 1. After expansion 100 kVA DG will be replaced by 200 kVA DG whose fuel is 500 litres/month 2. Boiler capacity is 5.0 TPH (Form-1 only - 1 number is mentioned). 3. 6 No of reactors only at the same time. We are planning to run the batches in campaign basis.
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Figure 1-1Project location Index map
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Figure 1-2 Administraitve map of Study Area
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Figure 1-3 Topo map of Study Area
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1.5.2 Need for the Project and its Importance to the Country/Region The Indian pharmaceutical industry ranks third globally by volume of production and accounts for around 10% of the global production. Low cost and skilled manpower are key factors supporting growth of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. According to the Department of Pharmaceuticals, the Indian pharmaceutical industry employees around 3,50,000 people. Pharmaceuticals Industry in India is expected to be worth US$ 55.39 billion by 2020. Indian pharmaceuticals market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 18% by 2020 driven by the ageing and growing population, rising income levels, emerging medical conditions and new diseases. The market for consumption of drugs and pharmaceuticals is ever increasing with human population; societies that are acquiring phenomenal purchasing power and with it, the consciousness and desire for an overall well-being, the production volume will be forced to keep increasing.
The industry produces drugs belonging to all major therapeutic groups. In order to meet the market demand, M/s. Sanskar Chemicals & Drugs Private Limited (SCDPL) proposes to expand its existing production facility by adding new products.
1.6 Export Possibility
Indian pharmaceutical industry, with a current market size of approx. $27.57 billion is expected to reach a mark of $55 billion by 2020 according to a report by the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF). In the next three years, India is projected to be among the top three pharmaceutical markets in terms of growth rate and the sixth largest market globally in absolute size.
India accounts for 20% of the global exports in generics. In the financial year 2016, India exported Pharmaceuticals products worth $16.89 billion, with the number expected to reach $40 billion by 2020.
1.7 EIA study
M/s. SCDPL as a part of the compliance to the regulatory requirement - to obtain Environmental Clearance from MoEF& CC, has appointed Environmental Consultants accredited by National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET)-Quality Council of India (QCI), New Delhi.
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The work of undertaking field studies and preparation of Form- 1, PFR, EIA/EMP report under ‘A’ category, has been assigned to M/S. Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd.(HECS), Chennai by the project proponent. M/s. HECS is accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Education &Training (NABET), Quality Council of India for Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry (Dyes & dye Intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates) of Schedule 5 (f) vide Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1619/RA0083 dated 3rd November 2017 valid upto 29th September 2020.
1.8 EIA cost
EIA study was undertaken by HECS for an amount of Rs 8,40,000/ and additional work order of Rs 2,00,000/- for field monitoring and analysis.
1.9 Scope of the study
The scope of the study is based on EIA notification 2006, APPENDIX III Generic Structure of Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Work mentioned includes an assessment study of proposed Expansion and Change in Product Mix and their impact on the region. This study puts forward the most effective ways to protect the environment from increasing pollution caused by the burgeoning industrial development and recommendations for environmental-friendly development initiatives in the region. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impact, whether positive or negative, that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects, i.e., aiming at “Sustainable Development” due to the project activities.
This EIA report presents the existing baseline scenario and the assessment and evaluation of the environmental impacts that may rise during the operational phase of the project. This report also highlights the Environmental Monitoring Program during the construction and operation phases of the project and the post project monitoring program along with Environmental Management Plan to be adopted. In terms of the EIA Notification of the MoEF&CC dated 14th September 2006 and subsequent amendments the generic structure of the EIA document will be as under:
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Introductory information is presented in this Chapter. The introduction chapter provides background to the project, project proponent and describes the objective of this document. The purpose and organization of the report is also presented in this chapter.
Chapter 2: Project Description
This Chapter includes Project Description and Infrastructure Facilities delineating all the industrial and environmental aspect of the industry of M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt. Limited operation phase activities as well as process details of proposed products.
Chapter 3: Description of the Environment
This Chapter provides baseline status of Environmental Components (Primary data) delineating meteorological details of the project site and surrounding area.
Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
This Chapter presents the analysis of impacts on the environmental and social aspects of the project as a result of establishment of plan and thereby suggesting the mitigation measures.
Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Sites)
This chapter includes the justification for the selection of the project site from Environmental point of view as well as from economic point of view so that the technology will be affordable to the member units of the industrial area.
Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Program
This chapter will include the technical aspects of monitoring, the effectiveness of mitigation measures which will include the measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules etc.
Chapter 7: Additional Studies
This chapter will detail about the Public Consultation sought regarding the project (if applicable). It will also identify the risks of the Project in relation to the general public and the surrounding environment during construction and operation phases of the plant and thereby presents
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Disaster Management Plan. Social impact assessment and R&R action plans and any other studies carried out for the project as specified in the ToR.
Chapter 8: Project Benefits
This chapter deals with improvement in physical and social infrastructures, employment potential and other tangible benefits.
Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan
This is the key Chapter of the report and presents the mitigation plan, covers the institutional and monitoring requirements to implement environmental mitigation measures and to assess their adequacy during project implementation.
Chapter 10: Summary and Conclusion
This chapter summarizes the information given in Chapters in this EIA/EMP report and the conclusion based on the environmental study, impact identification, mitigation measures and the environmental management plan.
Chapter 11: Disclosure of the Consultant
Names of consultants engaged in the preparation of the EIA/EMP report along with their brief resume and nature of Consultancy rendered are included in this Chapter.
1.10 Objectives of the Study
To ensure environmental considerations are explicitly addressed and incorporated into the development decision-making process. To anticipate and avoid, minimize or off-set the adverse significant biophysical, social and other relevant effects of this project proposal. To protect the productivity and capacity of natural systems and the ecological processes which maintain their respective functions To promote development that is sustainable and optimizes resource use as well as management opportunities. To fully recognize the scope and requirements of the ToR and comply with the same. The major objective of this study is to prepare a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment Study within the study area i.e 10 km radius from the project.
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1.11 Methodology adopted for the Study
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impact, whether positive or negative, that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects, i.e., aiming at “Sustainable Development” due to the project activities.
1.12 Applicable Regulatory Framework
The EIA process followed for this EIA report is composed of the following stages: 1. Study of project information. 2. Screening & Scoping. 3. Environmental pre-feasibility study & application for approval of TOR. 4. Collection of detailed project management plan/report. 5. Baseline data collection. 6. Impact identification, Prediction & Evaluation. 7. Mitigation measures & delineation of EMP. 8. Risk assessment and safety & disaster management plan. 9. Review & Finalization of EIA Report based on the TOR requirements. 10. Conducting Public Hearing for the Project. 11. Submission of Final EIA report for implementation of mitigation measures & EMP as well as necessary clearances from relevant Authority.
The following Acts and Rules are applicable to the proposed project:
The details of Acts and Rules with applicability to the proposed project are given inTable 1-5. Table 1-5 Applicable Acts and Rules
Act and Rules S. No Purpose Objective Applicability applicable New projects, As the proposal is for expansion Expansion and change in product mix Protection and EIA Notification 2006 modernization, scheduled under category 5(f) 1. Improvement of the and its amendments. change in product Environmental clearance from Environment mix of the existing Ministry of Environment, Forest & project Climate Change is applicable.
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Act and Rules S. No Purpose Objective Applicability applicable New projects, The Water Expansion Consent to Establish and Consent (Prevention and modernization, Prevention, control to Operate from State Pollution 2. Control of Pollution) change of product and abatement of Control Board to be obtained for Act, 1974 and its mix of the existing water pollution expansion project amendments. project, Existing plants New projects, Expansion The Air (Prevention Consent to Establish and Consent /modernization, Prevention, control and Control of to Operate from State Pollution 3. change of product and abatement of air Pollution) Act, 1981 Control Board to be obtained for mix of the existing pollution and its amendments. expansion project. project, Existing industries The Hazardous and other waste Management, (Management, Handling and Prevention, Control Hazardous waste Authorization Handling and 4. Transboundary and abatement of from State Pollution Control Board Transboundary Movement of pollution to be obtained Movement Rules) Hazardous waste 2016 and its amendments. Management of solid (non- Solid waste authorization from The solid Waste hazardous) waste Prevention control and SPCB. Proper collection, 5. Management Rules, as per the resource conservation segregation and disposal as per 2016 provisions of the Rules Rule
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Act and Rules S. No Purpose Objective Applicability applicable New projects, The Environmental Expansion/moderniz Environmental Standards as Protection and (Protection)Act,1986 ation change of specified are to be complied. 6. Improvement of the and its Amendments product mix of the Submission of Environment Environment existing project, Statement on yearly basis to PCB Existing industries New projects, Expansion/moderniz Noise control measure. The Noise Pollution To protect the workers ation change of Comply with Noise standards and 7. (Regulation and and public from noise product mix of the submission of monthly report to Control) Rules, 2000 related problems existing project, PCB Existing industries New projects, Control of workplace Expansion/moderniz The Factories Act environment, and Factory License from Factory ation change of 8. 1948 and its providing for good inspectorate. product mix of the amendments. health and safety of existing project, workers Existing industries New projects, Boiler act contain the Expansion/moderniz law related to The Indian Boiler Act, ation change of The Act is applicable to all Boiler 9. registration and 1923 product mix of the (Water tube and fire tube boilers) inspection is steam existing project, boiler Existing industries New projects, Expansion/moderniz Check the pollution Adequate environmental measures The Central Motor ation change of 10. load of vehicles inside are put in place to check the Vehicle Act, 1988 product mix of the the plant vehicular emissions. existing project, Existing industries
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Act and Rules S. No Purpose Objective Applicability applicable New projects, To Ensure that the Expansion/moderniz drugs and cosmetics The Drugs and ation change of sold in India are safe, The manufactured products were 11. Cosmetic Act, 1940 product mix of the effective and conform as per the act and its regulations. existing project, to state quality Existing industries standards
1.13 ToR Compliance S. No Terms of Reference Compliance
A. Standard TOR 1 Executive Summary Brief executive summary is given as Appendix 2.
Introduction
M/s Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai. (NABET Accredited vide Certificate No. i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET NABET/EIA/1619/RA0083 Valid upto 29.09.2020) 2 accreditation Details provided in Chapter 11.
Details provided in Chapter 1, Section 1.4. ii. Information about the Project Proponent
iii. Importance and Benefits of the Project Details provided in Chapter 8. Project Description
i. Cost of project and Time of completion Details given in Chapter 2, Section 2.5. Products with their capacities are given in Chapter ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project 1, section 1.1. 3 Products with their capacities are given in Chapter iii. If expansion project, details of existing products 1, Table 1.1. with capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if No additional land is required for the project as the any. project involves addition of new products.
iv. List of Raw materials and their source with mode List of raw materials and their source are provided of transportation in Annexure 8. v. Other chemicals and materials required with Not applicable quantities and storage capacities
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S. No Terms of Reference Compliance
Details on emission & sources are provided in Chapter 4, Section 4.3.3
Details on effluent generation are provided in vi. Details of emission, effluents, hazardous waste Chapter 2, section 2.14.5. generation and their management Details on Hazardous waste generation and their management are provided in Chapter 2, section 2.11.5.
Water requirement details are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.11.2.
vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of Power requirement details are given in Chapter 2, supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, Section 2.11.3. man-power requirement (regular and contract) Man power requirement details are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.11.4.
viii.Process description along with major equipments Detailed manufacturing process is given in and machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative) Annexure 9. from raw material to products to be provided ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed Details given in Chapter 7, Section 7.6. safety systems x. Expansion/ modernization proposals (a) Copy of all Environmental Clearance(s) including amendments thereto obtaining for the project from MoEF&CC/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest monitoring report of the Regional office of the Ministry of Environment and Not applicable Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report (b) In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not obtaining the provisions of the EIA Consent for establishment document is attached notification 1994 and/or EIA notification 2006 as Annexure 4. shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish / No objection certificate and Existing consent orders is attached as Annexure Consent to Operate (in case of units 3. operating in prior to EIA notification 2006, Chronology of project is detailed in Chapter-7, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained section 7.7 from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further compliance report to the conditions of
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S. No Terms of Reference Compliance
Consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. Site Details
i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, justification for Project site location details are given in Chapter 2, selecting the site. Whether other sites were Section 2.2. considered ii. A Topo sheet of the study area of radius of 10Km and site location on 1:50,000/ 1:25,000 scale Topo map of the study area is provided in Chapter on an A3/A2 sheet (including al eco-sensitive areas 3, section 3.5.5. and environmentally sensitive places) No alternate site is considered for the proposed iii. Details w.r.t option analysis for selection of site project as the project involves expansion and change in product mix only.
iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the Site co-ordinates are given in Chapter 1,section site 1.5.1. v. Google map Earth downloaded of the project Details given in Chapter 2, Section 2.2. site vi. Layout maps including existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within Site layout plan is attached as Annexure 4. an industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of 4 Industrial indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if Site photographs are given in Chapter 2,Section applicable) plant site, existing, show photographs 2.11.1, Figure 2-7. of plantations/ greenbelt, in particular viii. Land use break-up of total land of the project site (indicate and acquired), government/ private- Land use break-up details are provided in Chapter agriculture, forest, wasteland, water bodies, 2, Section 2.11.1. settlements, etc shall be included (not required for industrial area) ix. A list of major industries with name and type within the study area (10 km radius) shall be Details given in Chapter 2, Section 2.3. incorporated. Land use details of the study area) x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological Details given in Chapter 3, Section 3.5.8. status of the study area shall be included. xi. Details of drainage of the project upto 5km radius of the study area. If the site is within 1Km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence Details given in Chapter 3, Section 3.5.9. frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum of Flood of the river shall also be provided (mega green field projects) xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is Land deed letter for the project site is attached as not complete, stage of the acquisition process and
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S. No Terms of Reference Compliance
expected time of complete procession of the land. Annexure 1.
xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with Not Applicable state Government policy Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable)
i. Permission and approvals for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and Not Applicable recommendations of the State Forest Department (if applicable) ii. Land use map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site Not Applicable delineating the forest land (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 Ha) iii. Status of application submitted for obtaining the stage of Forest Clearance along with latest Not Applicable status shall be submitted iv. The projects to be located within 10 Km of 5 the National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly Not Applicable authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon. v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the Not Applicable State Government for conservation of schedule of fauna, if any exists in the study area. vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 to the Not Applicable Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife. Environmental Status
i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micrometeorological date using temperature, Details given in Chapter 3, Section 3.6.6. relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall 6 ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based on CPCB Details given in Chapter 3, Section 3.7.1. guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone, sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks Attached as Annexure 14. of all stations as per frequency given in the
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S. No Terms of Reference Compliance
NAAQM notification of Nov. 2009 along with- min- max, average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA report iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (1000m upstream and downstream of discharge point) Details given in Chapter 3, Section 3.9.2. and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/ MoEF&CC guidelines. v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of No polluted stretch of river identified nearby project river identified by the CPCB/MoEF& CC, if yes site. give details vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum 8 locations Details given in Chapter 3, Section 3.10.1. shall be included vii. Noise level monitoring at minimum 8 locations Details given in Chapter 3, Section 3.8. shall be included viii.Soil characteristics as per CPCB guidelines Details given in Chapter 3,Section 3.11.1. ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of Details given in Chapter 4, section 4.3.4. materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If schedule-I fauna and Details given in Chapter 3, Section 3.12. found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation plan shall be prepared and furnished xi. Socio-economic status of the study area Details given in Chapter 3, section 3.13. Impact and Environmental Management Plan
i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the stack emission based on site- specific meteorological features. In case the 7 project is located on a hilly terrain, AQIP modeling shall be done using inputs of the Details given in Chapter 4, Section 4.3.3. specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed.
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S. No Terms of Reference Compliance
ii. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location Details given in Chapter 4, Section 4.3.3. map showing the location of the project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. iii. Water quality modelling- in case of discharge in No effluents or liquid will be discharged outside the water body facility. iv. Impact of the transport of raw material, end products on the surrounding environment shall Transport of raw materials and finished products be assessed and provided. In this regard, and wastes through road ways only. options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport conveyor-cum- rail transport shall be examined. v. A note on treatment of waste water from different plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete Waste water generation and mitigation measures scheme of effluent treatment, characteristics of are given in Chapter 4, Section4.3.6. untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) rules. vi. Details of stack emission and action plan for Details given in Chapter 9, Section 9.4.1. control of emissions to meet standards. vii. Measures for fugitive emission control Details given in Chapter 9, Section 9.4.1. viii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management, Copies of Details of Hazardous waste generation are given in MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous Chapter 2, Section 2.11.5.EMP for the same is waste in cement plant also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, detailed in Chapter 9, section 9.4.5. recycle/ reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. ix. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as Fly ash will be sold to brick manufacturers. per Fly Ash notification, 2009. A detailed plan of Document for the same is attached as Annexure action shall be provided. 10.
x. Acton plan for the green belt development plan in 33% area i.e., land with not less than 1500 trees per Ha. Giving details of Species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be Details given in Chapter 9, Section 9.11. included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated.
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S. No Terms of Reference Compliance
xi. Action plan for rain water harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to Details given in Chapter 9, Section 9.4.4. use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reuse the water requirement from other sources. xii. Total capital cost and recurring cost /annum for environmental pollution control measures shall Details given in Chapter 9, Section 9.10. be included. xiii. Action plan for Post-project environmental Post project monitoring plan is given in Chapter 6, monitoring shall be submitted section 6.5. xiv. Onsite and offsite Disaster (natural and Man- made) preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment Details given in Chapter 7, section 7.4 & 7.5. and damage control. Disaster Management Plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. Occupational Health
1. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the Expenditure towards OHS is attached as occupational health & safety of all contract and Annexure 15. casual workers 2. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the worker’s health is being evaluated by pre-designed format, chest x- rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far and near vision, colour vision and any other Medical Health checkup reports enclosed as ocular defect), ECG, during pre-placement and Annexure 16. periodical examinations give the details of the 8 same. Details regarding last month analysed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. 3. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are Permissible Exposure level (PEL) if these are not within PEL, Details given in Chapter 9, Section 9.7 what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL. So that health of the workers can be preserved. 4. Annual report of health status of workers with Medical Health checkup reports enclosed as special reference to Occupational Health and Annexure 16. Safety Corporate Environment Policy
9 Does the company have a well laid down M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs private limited Environmental Policy approved by its Board of will adhere to the Safety, Health and Environment Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA policy and place it at appropriate places in the
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S. No Terms of Reference Compliance
report factory premises and record. Details provided in Chapter 9, Section 9.3.1, Figure 9-2. M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs private limited will adhere to the Safety, Health and Environment policy and place it at appropriate places in the Does the Environment Policy prescribe for factory premises and record. Details provided in standard operating process/ procedures to bring Chapter 9, Section 9.3.1, Figure 9-2. into focus any infringement/ deviation/ violation A dedicated Environmental Management Cell of the environemnt or forest norms/ conditions? (EMC) will be in force to bring into focus of any If so, it may be detailed in the EIA infringement/ deviation/ violation of the environemnt. Details provided in Chapter 9 and Section 9.3.
What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the Reporting mechanism detailed in Chapter9, environemntsl issues and for ensuring Section 9.3, Figure 9-1 and Table 9-1. compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. Does the company have system of reporting of non-compliances/ violations of environemntal norms to the Board of Directors of the company Reporting mechanism detailed in Chapter9, and/or Stakeholders or stakeholders at large? section 9.3, Figure 9-1 and Table 9-1. This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the Site layout indicating all the facilities is enclosed as 10 labour force during construction as well as to the Annexure 4. casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)
i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5% of the project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise 11 Social Commitment based on public Hearing CER activities shown in Chapter 9, Section 9.9, issues and item-wise details along with the Table 9-4. bound action plan shall be included. Socio- Economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. Any litigation pending against the project and/ or any direction/ order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the 12 Not Applicable section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance /ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case.
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S. No Terms of Reference Compliance
A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of Point wise ToR compliance is provided in Chapter 13 above TOR 1, Section 1.13.
B. Specific Terms of Reference for EIA studies for Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry (Dyes & Dye Intermediates; Bulk Drugs and Intermediates Excluding Drug Formulations; Synthetic Rubbers; Basic Organic Chemicals, Other Synthetic Organic Chemicals and Chemical Intermediates) Details on solvents to be used, measures for solvent Details of solvent to be used are given in Chapter 1 recovery and for emissions control. 2, section 2.9.1 and Annexure 8.
Details of process emissions from the proposed unit 2 Details given in Chapter 9, section 9.4.1. and its arrangement to control
Ambient air quality data should include VOC, other 3 process specific pollutants like NH3, Chlorine, HCl, Details provided in the Chapter 3, Section 3.7.1. HBr, H2S, HF, etc., (as applicable)
Work zone monitoring arrangements for hazardous 4 Details given in Chapter 9, section 9.6. chemicals
Detailed effluent treatment scheme including Detailed effluent treatment scheme including 5 segregation of effluent streams for units adopting segregation of effluents is provided in Chapter 2, ‘Zero ‘Liquid discharge. Section 2.14.5.
6 Action Plan for odour control to be submitted Details provided in Chapter 9, section9.4.1.
A copy of the Memorandum of Understanding signed 7 with cement manufacturers indicating clearly that they NA co-process organic solid/hazardous waste generated
Authorization/Membership for the disposal of liquid 8 effluent in CETP and solid/hazardous waste in TSDF, Hazardous waste authorization letter is attached if any as Annexure 12.
MEE salts will be disposed off to TSDF as this 9 Action plan for utilization of MEE/dryers salts. being Hazardous waste.
Material safety data sheet for all the chemicals being MSDS of raw materials and products is attached 10 used/will be used as Annexure 6 and Annexure 7.
11 Details of incinerator if to be installed. No incineration activity in the facility
Risk assessment for storage and handling of 12 hazardous chemicals/solvents. Action plan for NA handling & safety system to be incorporated
Arrangements for ensuring health and safety of 13 Details given in Chapter 9, section 9.7. workers engaged in handling of toxic materials
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CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Type of Project M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and drugs Private Limited (SCDPL) is an existing manufacturing unit involved in the manufacturing of Synthetic Organic Chemicals and Drugs. SCDPL is currently manufacturing 5 products with the production capacity of 250 MT/Month, 2 by-products with a capacity 141MT/Month. SCDPL proposes 10 new products with the production capacity of 52.85 MT/Month. After expansion, SCDPL will produce 12 products with the capacity of 112.85 MT/Month (5 existing and 10 new products) and one by-product with capacity 81 MT/Month. The existing and proposed products details are provided in Table 1-1.
The industry produces drugs belonging to all major therapeutic groups. In order to meet the market demand, M/s. Sanskar Chemicals & Drugs Private Limited proposes to expand its existing production facility by adding new products.
2.2 Site location The project site is situated at survey no. 457/3A, 457/3C, 457/4A, 457/4C, 457/4C (part) Ammoor village, 12/5 (Part) Chettithangal village, Walajah Taluka, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. The project site falls in the 57O/8, 57P/1 and 57P/5 of SOI topo sheet and lies between the latitude 12057’48.47” N to 12057’52.05”N and longitude 79020’32.69”E to 79020’34.55”E
The Environmental sensitive areas demarcated in Figure 2-1 with distance within 15km radius of the project boundary. The Google satellite imageries around project site, 10km, 5km and 1km radius around the project area are appended in Figure 2-2, Figure 2-3, Figure 2-4 and Figure 2-5.
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Figure 2-1 Environmental Sensitive areas within 15 km radius of the project site
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Figure 2-2 Satellite Imagery of the project site
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Figure 2-3 Satellite Imagery of 10 km radius from the project site
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Figure 2-4 Satellite Imagery of 5 km radius from the project site
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Figure 2-5 Satellite imagery of 1 km radius from the project site
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2.3 Existing Environmental setup
The list of existing industries within 10 km radius of the project site is given in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1List of Industries within 10km radius from the project site
Distance in S.No Name Direction Km 1 Sundaram Industries 2.01 SW 2 Stahl India Ranipet 2.6 WSW 3 Indira Industries 2.65 WSW 4 Greenland packing industries 2.94 SW 5 Ultramarine & Pigments Ltd 3.04 WSW 6 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 3.05 W 7 SNAP Industries 3.12 W 8 Kas Industries India Private Limited 3.25 S 9 Thirumalai Chemicals Ltd 3.29 WSW 10 Pan-tec Precision Engineering 4.01 S 11 Balaji Oil industries (P) Ltd 4.1 W 12 Bluebird overseas Pvt. Limited 4.59 W 13 SS packing Industries 5.04 SSE 14 G.K. Wood Industry 5.13 SSE 15 Kumar Engineering works 5.91 SSE
Nearest Human Settlement: The nearest human settlement from the project site is provided in Table 2-2. Table 2-2 Nearest Human settlement S. No Name Distance in Km Direction Population (Census 2011) 1 Chettithangal 1.3 SW 7780 2 Vanapadi 1.48 WSW 5334 3 Manthangal 1.8 SSW 2905 4 Ammoor 2.74 NE 12513 5 Ranipettai 3.67 SSW 50764 6 Velam 3.97 NE 6247 7 Pinji 4.6 S 902 8 Kalmelkuppam 4.69 NNW 5203 9 Lalapettai 5.22 NW 4264
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10 Maniyambattu 7.22 SW 5258
2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation
SCDPL is currently manufacturing 5 products with a capacity of 250 MT/Month, 2 by- products with capacity 141 MT/Month. Addition of 10 new products with a capacity of 52.7 MT/Month. Dropping the production of 3 products and one byproduct. After Expansion, SCDPL will produce 12 products with a capacity of 112.85 and one by- product with capacity 81 MT/Month.
2.5 Proposed Schedule for Approval & Implementation
The time schedule for the completion of proposed expansion project is given in Table 2-3.
Table 2-3 Time schedule for completion of project
Particulars Time schedule Obtaining ToR Dec 2018 Obtaining Environmental Clearance October 2020 Obtaining Consent for Establishment November 2020 Erection and installation of machinery January 2021 Manufacturing of new products March 2021
2.6 Technology & Process Description
2.6.1 Process Description This section deals with raw materials requirement, process, material balance and solvent recovery etc. The Manufacturing process for each product and its material balance is given in Annexure 9.
2.6.2 Products Manufactured
The products manufactured within the existing facility and the proposed product details are given in Table 2-4.
Table 2-4 Existing and Proposed products with capacity
Quantity (MT/Month) Total quantity after S. No Products Proposed Existing Products expansion Products
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Quantity (MT/Month) Total quantity after S. No Products Proposed Existing Products expansion Products 1. Poly Allamine Hydrochloride 20 Retained 20 2. Isopropanol Hydrochloride 40 Retained 40 3. Non ferric alum 90 Dropped 0 4. Basic chromium Sulphate 90 Dropped 0 5. Spent caustic lye solution 10 Dropped 0 6. Linagliptin - 0.15 0.15 7. Vildagliptin - 1.5 1.5 8. Trityl olmesartanmedoximal - 2 2 9. Allyl Isopropyl acetyl urea - 5 5 10. Diacerine - 0.2 0.2 11. Sitagliptin - 1 1 12. Lexoprofen - 2 2 13. Isopropyl bromide - 10 10 14. Allylbromide - 6 6 15. Hydrogen Bromide - 25 25 Total 250 52.85 112.85 By products 1 Spent Sulphuric acid 81 Retained 81 2 Gypsum 60 dropped - Total 141 - 81 Note: 1. As per Consent to Operate (renewal) order no: F.o. 0190VLR/RS/DEE/TNPCB/VLR/W/2020 dated: 03.07.2020 for 5 products with total capacity of 250MT/month and 2 by products of capacity 141 MT/month which is valid upto 31.03.2021.
2.Non ferric alum, Basic chromium Sulphate and Spent caustic lye solution are dropped from the existing product and Gypsum from existing by-product.
2.6.3 Detailed Manufacturing process description
The detailed Manufacturing process description along with material balance is attached as Annexure 9.
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2.7 Raw material requirement
Various raw materials will be required for the manufacturing of the proposed products. Adequate storage facilities with optimum inventories are provided for the raw materials and products. List of raw materials and storage details are given in Table 2-5. Table 2-5 Raw materials and storage details S No Raw material Quantity(kg/month) Physical status Storage 1. Xanthan moiety 91 solid HDPE carboy 2. 2-(chloro methyl)-4methyl quinazoline 59 solid HDPE carboy 3. Sodium carbonate 250 solid Bag 4. N-methyl pyrrolidine 227 solid HDPE carboy 5. Acetone 12000 liquid Barrels 6. Boc-(R) -3-amino piperdine 57 solid HDPE carboy 7. Potassium carbonate 1000 solid bag 8. L-Proline 1101 solid HDPE barrels 9. Oxolyl chloride 1216 solid HDPE carboy 10. DMF 2000 liquid HDPE barrels 11. MDC 4000 liquid HDPE barrels 12. Ammonia solution 200 liquid HDPE carboy 13. Sodium bi carbonate 200 solid Bags 14. Hexane 2000 liquid MS barrels 15. Chloro acetyl chloride 511 liquid HDPE barrels 16. TEA 1500 liquid HDPE barrels 17. Iso propanol 12000 liquid HDPE barrels 18. Trifluro acetic acid 540 liquid HDPE barrels 19. P2O5 308 solid HDPE carboy 20. Potassium carbonate 1000 solid bag 21. THF 4000 liquid MS barrels 22. Ethyl acetate 6000 liquid HDPE barrels 3-Amino 23. 540 solid HDPE carboy tricycle(3.3.1.1) decan1-ol 24. Imidazole Ester 930 solid PP carboy 25. TTBB 2419 solid PP carboy 26. KOH 419 solid HDPE carboy 27. Sodium chloride 500 solid Bags 28. Potassium iodide 140 solid HDPE carboy 29. Chloro compound 763 liquid MS rubber lined carboy 30. Activate carbon 5 solid Bags 31. Sodium sulphate 50 solid Bags 32. Hyflow 25 solid Bags 33. Dimethyl malonate 7500 liquid HDPE barrels 34. Isopropyl Bromide 10000 liquid HDPE barrels 35. Sodium methoxide 7000 solid HDPE carboy 36. Sodium Hydride 1000 solid MS barrels 37. Allyl bromide 6000 solid HDPE barrels 38. DMSO 5000 liquid HDPE barrels 39. THF 4000 liquid MS barrels
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40. Ethyl acetate 6000 liquid HDPE barrels 41. Aloe emodine 536 solid PP carboy 42. Acetic anhydride 89 solid PP carboy 43. Sulphuric acid 25000 liquid MS tank 44. Chromic acid 79 solid Bags 45. Dimethyl acetamide 1421 solid Bags 46. 2-Phenyl propanoic acid 1429 liquid HDPE barrels 47. Bromo sulphonic acid 286 solid Bags 48. Formaldehyde 286 liquid HDPE barrels 49. Methyl 2oxocyclopentane carboxylate 1157 solid Bags 50. Toluene 6000 liquid MS barrels 51. Urea 500 solid Bags 52. Ethanol 714 liquid HDPE barrels 53. Sodium boro hydrate 47 solid Bags 54. Acetic acid 579 liquid HDPE barrels 55. NaOH 46 liquid MS barrels 56. Mandalic acid 277 solid Bags 57. Phosphoric acid 44 liquid HDPE barrels 58. HBr solution (48%) 14000 liquid HDPE barrels 59. Allyl alcohol 2900 liquid HDPE barrels 60. Sodium Bromide 32000 solid Bags 61. Ethanol 714 liquid HDPE barrels 62. Isopropyl ether 2857 liquid HDPE barrels 63. 2,4,5-trifluro phenyl acetic acid 579 liquid HDPE barrels 64. Thionyl chloride 300 liquid GI Barrels 65. Meldrum acid 459 solid Bags 66. Side chine 510 solid Bags 67. Methane sulphonic acid 30 solid Bags 68. Ammonium acetate 48 liquid HDEP barrels
2.7.1 Source of supply of Raw material & marketing area of final products
The raw materials are obtained from local suppliers and mode of transportation by road.
2.8 Storage facility for Raw Material and Products
Adequate storage facilities with optimum inventories are provided for the raw material and products.
2.9 Resource Optimization/Recycling and Re-Use Envisaged in the Industry
2.9.1 Solvent Recovery & Re-Use
Solvents play an essential role in chemical processing for controlling the reaction rate, facilitating heat and mass transfer and enabling product separation and purification, which cannot be replaced easily with other alternatives. Various Chemicals are proposed to be used
52 | P a g e M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report during the process of manufacture of the proposed products. There is no recovery or recycling process involved. Table 2-6 Details of solvents
Physical/chemical S. No Raw material Unit Storage Quantity properties 1 Iso propanol kg /month Liquid Drums 18000 2 Acetone kg/Month. Liquid Ppfrp tank 12000 3 Methyline Di chloride kg/month Liquid Ms tank 13000 Methyl iso butyl 4 kg/month Liquid Barrels 3000 ketone 5 Methanol lit/month Liquid Barrels 5000 6 Di methyl Sulpoxide kg/month Liquid Barrels 1200 7 THF kg/month Liquid SS tank 7000 8 Hexane kg/month Liquid Barrels 5000 9 Sodium methoxide Kg/month Liquid Barrels 3000
2.10 Project description including Drawings showing Project Layout, Components of project
2.10.1 Project layout, components of project The total land area is 3745.18 sq. meters. Land document is attached as Annexure 1. We are proposing to increase our greenbelt area from 597.40 Sq.m (15.95%) to 1498.07 Sq.m (40%) by converting open area and rearranging facilities. The project site layout plan demarcating various units within the plant and the boundaries with land use pattern is appended in Figure 2- 6&Annexure 4. Site photograph are appended in Figure 2-7.
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Figure 2-6 Site Layout
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23.12.19 23.12.19 23.12.19 Solvent Storage Boiler House Boiler Fuel Area Godown
23.12.19 23.12.19 23.12.19 Reactors Reactors Entrance
Figure 2-7 Site Photographs
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23.12.19
Figure 2-8 Green belt Photographs
2.11 Resource requirement
2.11.1 Land requirement and Land use planning
The total land area is 3745.18 sq. meters. The land area breakup details are provided in Table 2-7.We are proposing to increase our greenbelt area from 597.40 Sq.m (15.95%) to 1498.07 Sq.m (40%) by converting open area and rearranging facilities. Table 2-7 Land Area Break up details
Area (sq.m) S. No Description Existing Proposed Total % 1 Building, storage and facility 1149.17 694.94 1844.11 49.24 2 Open area 1728.63 -1728.63 0 0.00 3 Green belt area 597.4 900.67 1498.07 40.00 4 Road and pavements 269.98 133.02 403 10.76 Total land area 3745.18 0 3745.18 100
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2.11.2 Water requirement
The existing water requirement is 5 KLD. The total water requirement for proposed project is 20 KLD. Fresh water requirement is 12.2 KLD. Recycled water is 7.8 KLD. The water requirement will be met from private tankers. Water requirement breakup is provided in Table 2-8. Water balance chart for existing and proposed quantities are provided in Figure 2-9 and Figure 2-10. Table 2-8 Water requirement Breakup for Existing and Proposed After Expansion Existing (KLD) Proposed (KLD) S. No Description (KLD) Total Loss Total Loss Total Loss 1 Cooling Tower 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 3.5 3 2 Domestic usage 2 0.4 1 0.2 3 0.6 3 Process 1 - 4 1 5 1 4 Boiler - - 3 2.5 3 2.5 5 Green belt - - 4 - 4 - 6 Washing - - 1.5 0.5 1.5 0.5 Total 5 1.9 15 5.7 20 7.6
Figure 2-9 Water balance chart for existing facility
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Figure 2-10 Water balance chart for the proposed expansion
Proposed STP and MEE specification is attached in Annexure-17.
2.11.3 Power and Fuel requirement
The existing power requirement is 116.56 kVA. The Power supply is from TANGEDCO. DG set is used as an alternate source of power during power failure. Diesel and Fire wood are the
58 | P a g e M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report major fuels for Existing and Proposed expansion facility. The details of power and fuel requirement are given in Table 2-9. Table 2-9Power and Fuel requirement details Power requirement Total after Details Unit Source Existing Proposed Expansion Power Requirement kVA 116.56 23.31 139.87 TANGEDCO Backup (DG ) kVA 100* 200 200 D.G. set Authorized Diesel (0.4) Lit/Month 400 500 500 petrol bunks Boiler TPH 5.0* - 5.0 Firewood Fire wood MT/Month 75 - 75 Local party *Note: 1. After expansion 100 kVA DG will be replaced by 200 kVA DG whose fuel is 500 litres/month 2. Boiler capacity is 5.0 TPH (Form-1 only - 1 number is mentioned)
2.11.4 Manpower requirement
The proposed project will generate employment opportunities to the local population. At present 25 persons are employed in the industry. After expansion 10 more persons will be employed. The Manpower details are provided in Table 2-10.
Table 2-10Man power requirement Description Permanent Existing 25 Proposed 10 Total after expansion 35
2.11.5 Solid and Hazardous waste management
2.11.5.1 Solid waste management Solid waste generation during the operation phase is summarized in Table 2-11.Ash Utilization letter attached as Annexure 10. Table 2-11Solid Waste Generation and Management Total after S. Quantity Collection Treatment / disposal Waste expansion No method method Existing Proposed (kg/day) Organic Local bin including 1 6.75 2.7 9.45 Bins (kg/day) food waste Inorganic TNPCB Authorized 2 4.5 1.8 6.3 Bins (kg/day) dealers
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Ash from Sold to brick 3 Fire wood 1500 1750 3250 Bins manufacturer (kg/Month) Note: Manpower- Existing: 25 Nos, proposed: 10 Nos and total: 35 Nos
As per CPCB guidelines: MSW per capita/day =0.45
2.11.5.2 Hazardous waste management
The Hazardous wastes will be stored in isolated area above concrete platform under roofed shed. These wastes will be segregated & stored and will be disposed to TNPCB authorized dealers/recycler/TSDF within a stipulated period of time (90 days).
Hazardous waste materials will be properly disposed as per the Hazardous and Other wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules 2016. Agreement will be made with TSDF approved dealers for safe disposal of hazardous wastes. Hazardous waste authorization letter for spent catalyst, Chromium and Chromium (III) is attached as Annexure 12. The type of hazardous waste and the quantity generated are detailed in Table 2-12. Table 2-12 Hazardous Waste generation and Management Quantity After Mode of S No. Schedule Type of the Hazardous waste Existing Proposed expansion Disposal Discarded containers/ barrels/liners contaminated with 1. 33.1 - 40 40 hazardous wastes / chemicals (kg/month) Will be disposed to 2. 17.2 Spent catalyst (T/Annum) 972 - 972 TNPCB Chromium and/or Chromium (III) authorized compounds concentration limit 3. A4 4320 - 4320 recyclers equal to (or) more than 5mg/l (T/Annum) 4. 5.1 Spent oil (T/Annum) - 60 60
5. 35.3 MEE salts (Kg/hr) - 20 20 TSDF
Note: Chromium and/or Chromium (III) compounds are not currently used due to market scenario. 2.12 Infrastructure facilities
During operation phase, the office room, rest room and canteen are being provided to the employees for existing and the site layout is enclosed as Annexure 4.
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2.13 Machinery & Equipment Details
The Plant Facilities have been designed and set up with the objective to carry out almost all chemical reactions and processes. As the proposed project will be carried out in the existing premises, the existing infrastructure facilities will also be utilized with the addition of some new machinery and utilities for the proposed project. The list of machinery &equipments of existing & proposed expansion are provided in Table 2-13.
Table 2-13 List of Machineries &Equipment
Description of Main Quantity S. No Capacity Total Machineries Existing Proposed 3.2 KL, 1.2 KL, 2KL, 1. SS reactor 2 KL, 6KL, 2 KL, 3.2 6 3 9 KL, 3.5 KL, 5 KL 2. GL Reactor 3 KL - 1 1 3. Cooling tower 3.1 KLD 2 - 2 4. Chilling plant 39 TR 1 1 2 5. SS dryer 48 trays - 48 trays 48 trays 6. SS dryer 96 trays - 96 trays 96 trays 7. Boiler 750 kg/hr 1 - 750 kg/hr
2.14 Description of Mitigation Measures Incorporated Into the Project to Meet the Environmental Standards Construction Phase Impact assessment during the construction phase of the project is of importance as the construction activities lead to adverse effects on the environment on a short term basis. The major activities that are undertaken during this phase are civil works, mechanical works, machinery works and transportation works. During the construction phase, the following activities among many are considered to be important towards creating environmental impacts: Site preparation (fencing, boundary & clearing of site). Excavation, backfilling and levelling Hauling and dumping of earth materials & construction spoils. Foundation works. Fabrication erection of Steel structures such as, tanks, pipelines and sheds.
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Construction of internal roads, drains & water supply. Painting and finishing. Cleaning, landscaping and plantations.
Operation Phase From an environmental perspective, this phase is of paramount significance due to its potential to invoke long-term impacts. The adverse effects that are likely to occur during this operational phase of the project are: Air Pollution (gaseous emissions), Effluent generation, Noise generation, Solid waste generation etc.
2.14.1 Land environment Impacts The activities carried out during the construction phase will involve a change in the land use, which will pose the following impacts on the land environment. Compaction of soil and a change in the soil structure due to the use of heavy construction vehicles and machineries. Removal of soil from the site. Mixing of the topsoil and subsoil. Dispersion of dust.
Mitigation measures Employing techniques such as restricting access during wet conditions, using protective boarding and low ground pressure machineries to minimize compaction of soil. The removed soil will be properly stored for subsequent reinstatement. Reuse of excess excavated material for road development, green belt development and landscaping. A well-designed closed depository for storage of construction materials to prevent land/soil pollution. Effective stabilization of altered landforms to minimize soil erosion and the potential for water pollution (e.g. Vegetation). Reuse of construction wastes such as sand, brick, gravel, cement for developing internal road and project structures.
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2.14.2 Soil contamination
Impacts
Potential impacts on land environment due to hazardous and Municipal Solid Wastes generation from various operations in the project site. Sludge generation during production process, chemical waste including toxic waste, discarded containers/ Barrels/ Liners contaminated with Hazardous wastes/ chemical, spent catalyst, spent oil, Sludge from ETP are the source of hazardous waste. Poor management of such materials/wastes from the operations is a potential risk of soil contamination.
Mitigationmeasures
Good housekeeping and best practices of waste handling will be adopted to eliminate/minimize the risks of soil contamination. The wastes generated will be stored in temporary storage facility and transferred to nearby Recycling facility or Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (TSDF). Waste minimization techniques will be adopted in order to minimize the generation of wastes.
2.14.3 Air Environment
Impact
HSD is used as a fuel for D. G. sets. D.G. set (200 kVA) is kept as stand by and used in
case of power failure only. D. G. set will emit pollutants, principally NOx, SO2 and PM. Fire wood is used as a fuel for Boiler (5.0 TPH) Vehicles used for transport of material will also contribute to the air emissions.
Mitigation Measures
The D.G. Sets will be provided with a stack height of 4m to allow dispersion of the pollutants. D. G. Sets will be properly maintained so that emissions will be under statutory limits. Emissions from the DGs will be analyzed for their impacts on the GLC for various distances. Boiler will be provided with a stack height 20m to control pollutants.
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Most vehicles used will be PUC certified hence the effect will be reduced to some extent.
2.14.4 Noise environment
Impacts
Noise generation sources during operation phase are classified into two categories: A. Stationary sources due to operation of heavy duty machineries at the project site like Boilers, DG sets, Cooling towers, boiler feed water Pumps etc. B. Mobile sources corresponding to mainly vehicular traffic for staff mobilization, materials, material transportation, liquid fuel transportation to project site, etc. Vibrations are expected to be generated by various activities associated with the proposed project during operational phase. The impact of vibrations beyond the site would be negligible during normal operation phase. However, the impacts on workers engaged in the plant area would be considerable due to occupational exposure.
Mitigation measures
The major noise generating equipments like DG sets, Boiler Feed water pumps etc. will be enclosed in an acoustic enclosure designed for an insertion loss of 25 dB (A) and silencers to other equipments. Major noise generating equipment will be designed with 85 dB (A) ensuring cumulative noise at 1.0 m remains at 85 dB (A). The occupational noise exposure to the workers in the form of eight hourly time weighted average will be maintained well within the prescribed Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard limits. Acoustic silencers will be provided in equipment wherever necessary. Use of personal protective equipments/devices such as ear-muffs, ear plugs etc. will be strictly enforced for the workers engaged in high noise areas. Periodic maintenance of the equipment to be used in the developmental works will be carried out. Worn out parts will be replaced and rotating parts will be lubricated to minimize noise emissions.
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Implementation of greenbelt for noise attenuation will be undertaken: shrub plantation; landscaping with horticulture; and tree plantation at vehicle parking areas and along approach roads. Ambient noise levels will be monitored at regular intervals during operational phase of the project. Vibration generating sources and their platforms should be maintained properly to minimize vibrations and related impacts.
2.14.5 Water Environment
2.14.5.1 Existing water resources Impacts The sewage generation from the existing unit is 1.6 KLD going through Septic tank. After expansion, total sewage generation will be 2.4 KLD and it will be treated through 3 KLD STP. Treated water will be reused for gardening. Presently, the effluent generation from the existing industrial activities like process, cooling tower and boiler feed is 0.5 KLD. It is put in solar evaporation pond. Total industrial effluent generation after the proposed expansion will be 6 KLD and same will be treated through MEE (10 KLD). MEE permeate will be reused for cooling tower, washing and other utilities. MEE condensate will go through AFTD and salt will be disposed through TSDF. Thus Zero liquid discharge will be accomplished. ZLD outlet will be connected through online sensors -pH, conductivity, BOD and COD along with effluent inlet and outlet online flow meters. Mitigation Measures Existing and Proposed Water balance diagram are given in Figure 2-9 and Figure 2-10and proposed zero liquid discharge is shown. The effluent generated from the process, Boiler, Cooling Tower and washing will be treated in MEE. The condensate from the MEE will be reused in the manufacturing process. Hence, the unit will maintain “Zero Liquid Discharge” after proposed expansion. Sewage will be treated in STP and recycled for green belt development. On implementation of above, there will be no outfall of waste water.
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2.14.5.2 Surface water bodies
Impact Roof top Rainwater harvesting system with recharge pits (4 Nos) are available which is shown in Figure 9-3. The existing miscellaneous spillage of Chemicals during rain fall atmosphere can be collected in to Storage tank which is transferred to Solar evaporation pan. After EC this Miscellaneous Spillage of Chemicals during rain fall atmosphere can be collected to Storage tank which is transferred to MEE and excess runoff send to harvesting pits. The above control any contamination in surface drainage due to operation of project could collapse the system and will have serious impacts to the water resources especially the availability of potable water in the PIA area. The impacts will be high in the core area especially the 1.0 km radius area. Therefore, the efficiency of the Zero waste discharge will be ensured with proper regulatory and institutional arrangements.
Mitigation Measures The following measures are proposed as a part of development to improve the ground water scenario and also to ensure that ground water is not contaminated.
Strategic plans such as implementing the following structures for rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharging purposes in project site will be adhered.
The existing miscellaneous spillage of Chemicals during rain fall atmosphere can be collected in to Storage tank which is transferred to Solar evaporation pan. After EC this Miscellaneous Spillage of Chemicals during rain fall atmosphere can be collected to Storage tank which is transferred to MEE and excess runoff send to harvesting pits. Excess runoff connected through external drain after proper monitoring with online sensors- pH, conductivity, BOD and COD.
2.14.6 Biological Environment
Impacts on migratory paths for wildlife and forest blocks
There are no identified migratory paths for major and minor wildlife in the project site and the study area. The identified fauna which are observed at the project site and in the study area are
66 | P a g e M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report local species only. Therefore, the proposed project operations are not likely to have any adverse impact on the paths for avid-fauna. Mitigation Measures
Discharge of wastes/wastewater without treatment into the water bodies during the operation phase would not be allowed. Awareness will be given to workers about the importance and conservation of terrestrial ecology and biodiversity.
2.14.7 Solid waste management
Impacts due to Solid waste generation
Solid waste are likely to be generated which can be broadly categorized as Hazardous Waste and Municipal Solid Waste. Further, the generated Municipal Solid waste includes Biodegradable; Recyclable and Inert compounds are disposed as per Table 2-11. Harzardous waste generation and their disposal methods are given in Table 2-12. As seen above the impacts are minimized and controlled without affecting the local environment.
2.14.7.1 Solid waste management
Strict guidelines will be put in place in order to manage the solid waste generation during the operational phase of the development. The main goals of the guidelines will be to ensure adopting recycling techniques and encouraging sorting of solid waste at source into organic and inorganic wastes. Waste management is given in Figure 2-11.
Figure 2-11 Waste Management Concept
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2.15 Project Cost
Total Capital Cost of the proposed project is Rs. 4.25 Crores.
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CHAPTER 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
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3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Preamble
This chapter depicts the establishment of baseline for valued environmental components, as identified in and around the proposed project with an area 0.925 Acres (0.3745 Ha) located at Survey No 457/3A, 457/3C, 457/4A, 457/4C, 457/4C (Part) Ammoor village, 12/5 (Part) Chettithangal village, Walajah Taluka, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu. The primary baseline data monitored covered three (3) months i.e., from Mid-January – End April 2019, and secondary data was collected from published data. The primary baseline data was generated by M/s. Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, a MoEF&CC approved & NABL Certified Environmental Testing Laboratory for the following Terrestrial environmental components.
Meteorology: Temperature, Relative Humidity, Rainfall, Wind Speed & Direction- Section: 3.6.2
Ambient Air Quality: Particulate matter <10 micron size (PM10), Particulate matter <2.5
micron size (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide
(CO), Lead (Pb), Ozone (O3), Benzene (C6H6), Benzo (a) Pyrene (C20H12), Arsenic (As),
Nickel (Ni), Ammonia (NH3), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)- Section: 3.8.2. Ambient Noise Levels: Day equivalent noise levels, Night equivalent noise levels - Section: 3.9 Inland Water Quality: Groundwater Quality, Surface Water Quality- Section: 3.10.3 & 3.10.1 Soil Quality- Section:3.11 Ecology- Section:3.12 Socio economic status- Section: 3.13
3.2 Study area
A 10Km radial distance, with the project site as the epicenter has been identified as the general study area/ Project Influence Area (PIA) for assessing the baseline environmental status. The core study area is the project area and its immediate surroundings to the tune of 1.0 Km radius from the boundary. Further the Project Impact/Influence Area (PIA) is 10Km from the boundary of the core area.
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3.3 Description of the study area
As described in Chapter 1, M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Private Limited is situated at survey no 456/3A, 457/3C, 457/4A, 457/4C (part) Ammoor village, 12/5 (part) Chettithangal village, Walajah Taluka, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu. The project site is ~3.07 km away from the NH4 towards SW direction and ~3.03 km away from SH124A towards SW direction. The co- ordinates of the plant area is 12057’48.47” N to 12057’52.05”N and longitude 79020’32.69”E to 79020’34.55”E.An overall idea of the study area with reference to the physical conditions are presented for better understanding in the following sections before proceeding into the section on the prevailing environmental conditions of the study area. Figure 3-1shows the Satellite image of the study area of project.
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Figure 3-1 Satellite Image of the study area of the project
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3.4 Environmentally/Ecologically Sensitive Areas
The environmentally sensitive areas covering an aerial distance of 15 km PIA (Project Influence Area) from the project boundary is given in Table 3-1and Figure 3-2.
Table 3-1 Environmentally Sensitive Areas within 15 km radius of the project boundary
S. Areas Proposed project location boundary in Km No Areas protected under international conventions, 1. national or local legislation for Nil their ecological, landscape, cultural or other related value Distance Sl. No Description Direction (Km) 1 Ammur RF 1.82 ENE Areas which are important or 2 Palar River 5.06 WSW sensitive for ecological reasons 3 Ponnai / Bahuda River 7.29 SW – Wetlands, Watercourses or 2. 4 Tiruvalam RF 7.89 WSW other water bodies, coastal 5 Punganur RF 8.84 SW zone, biospheres, mountains, forests 6 Kaveripakkam Lake 9.93 ESE 7 KilMinnal RF 10.96 WSW 8 West Bank Main Canal 12.28 NW 9 Punganur RF 13.77 WSW Areas used by protected, important or sensitive species of Nil 3. flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration Inland, coastal, marine or 4. Nil underground waters
5. State, National boundaries Nil
6. Defence installations Nil Densely populated or built-up 7. Ranipettai with a population of 50764. area
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S. Areas Proposed project location boundary in Km No
Distance S. No Hospitals Direction (~ km) 1. Nithyasugam clinic 1.85 E 2. Thirumalai mission hospital 2.38 SW Nithyasugamayurvedic 3. 1.92 SSE hospital 4. MM hospital 2.92 SSE 5. Dr.L.ShanthiVimala clinic 3.70 SSW 6. Scudder memorial hospital 3.76 SW Government urban primary 7. 4.44 SE health center 8. Kavitha hospital 4.65 SE Government headquarter 9. 4.64 SE hospital 10. Dr. Ganesh hospital 4.76 SSE 11. Lakshmi Prasad hospital 4.70 SSE 12. Lavany hospital 4.67 SE Dr.J.P.multispeciality clinic, 13. 5.18 SSE walajahpet Vellore district headquarter 14. 4.42 SSE -Areas occupied by sensitive hospital man-made land uses Walajah government hospital 15. 4.46 SSE 8. (hospitals, schools, places of building 2 worship, community facilities) 16. Walajah govt. OP building 4.58 SSE Schools and colleges S. Distance (~ Schools and collages Direction No km) 1. The Geekay world school 0.80 ESE 2. Little flower convent school 1.61 ESE LFC matric higher secondary 3. 2.73 NE school 4. Govt. higher secondary school 2.78 NE VRV girls higher secondary 5. 3.82 SSW school Gangadhar Govt. aided 6. 3.57 SSW matriculate school Pincushion Montessori 7. 3.25 SW international school 8. Balsam school 2.85 SW 9. Balsam academy 2.62 SW 10. Vedavallividyalaya 2.21 SW 11. Government high school 1.28 SW 12. Ranippettai engineering collage 8.03 SE
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S. Areas Proposed project location boundary in Km No
Shri Sitheshwarapolytechnique 13. 8.03 S college Govt. Boys higher secondary 14. 6.68 SSW school AnnaiSarada Matric Hr.sec 15. 6.72 SSW school 16. Saraswathi school 6.49 SSW 17. Govt. school Tajpura 8.54 SSW 18. Shri Shantiniketan School 7.16 SSW Thiru G Varadharajaluchettiar 19. 7.04 SSW higher secondary school
Vedanikethan matriculated 20. 6.54 SSW higher secondary school SSS college of arts, science and 21. 6.10 SW management C.Abdul Hakeem collage of Arts 22. 7.94 SW and Science M.M.E.S. womens arts and 23. 7.96 SW science collage C. Abdul Hakkem college of 24. 8.18 SW Engineering &Technology
25. Hindu vidyalaya CBSE school 3.92 WSW 26. CSI matriculate school 4.16 WSW SIPCOT government higher 27. 4.37 WSW Sec.school St. Thomas nursery and primary 28. 4.50 WSW school 29. Christ the king school 4.91 WSW Sri vijayvidyalaya nursery and 30. 3.40 W primary school Arignar Anna govt. arts and 31. 5.85 SE science college for women’s Tmt. Lakshmi loganathan matric 32. 7.62 SSW school 33. Sri Rama Krishna school 6.18 SW Industries
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S. Areas Proposed project location boundary in Km No
S. Distance Industries Direction No (~km) 1. Sundaram Industries 2.01 SW 2. Stahl India Ranipet 2.6 WSW 3. Indira Industries 2.65 WSW 4. Greenland packing industries 2.94 SW 5. Ultramarine & Pigments Ltd 3.04 WSW 6. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 3.05 W 7. SNAP Industries 3.12 W Kas Industries India Private 8. 3.25 S Limited 9. Thirumalai Chemicals Ltd 3.29 WSW 10. Pan-tec Precision Engineering 4.01 S 11. Balaji Oil industries (P) Ltd 4.1 W 12. Bluebird overseas Pvt. Limited 4.59 W 13. SS packing Industries 5.04 SSE
14. G.K. Wood Industry 5.13 SSE
15. Kumar Engineering works 5.91 SSE
Areas containing important, high quality or scarce resources, (groundwater Nil 9. resources, surface resources, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, minerals)
Areas already subjected to SIPCOT Ranipet is ~2.88 km in WSW direction, having CEPI score 79.38. pollution or environmental (NGT Order No : 1038/2018 Dated: 10.07.2019) damage. (those where existing 10. legal environmental standards are exceeded)
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S. Areas Proposed project location boundary in Km No Areas susceptible to natural The project location is falls under Zone III (Moderate risk category). As per hazard which could cause the Vulnerability Atlas of India, There is no susceptible to natural hazards like project to present subsidence, landslides, erosion, flooding or extreme or adverse climatic environmental problems, conditions. 11. (earthquakes, subsidence, Note: landslides, erosion or extreme Seismic Zone-II : Low risk or adverse climatic conditions) Seismic Zone-III: Moderate Risk Seismic Zone-IV: High Risk Seismic Zone-V: Very high Risk
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Figure 3-2 Environmental sensitive areas covering within 15km radius of the study area
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3.5 Physical Conditions
3.5.1 PIA District Profile
Vellore, the Head- Quarters of Vellore District is situated in 12' 35' N and 79' 9' E. Vellore also known as the fort city is the headquarters of the Vellore district. Vellore has a rich heritage of history-y ranging from the Pallavas & Cholas ruled till the freedom struggle and hence it is a tourist destination. Vellore district is spread across 5920 Sq km with a population of 3.4 million. The district is strategically located between Karnataka, AP and the industrial hub of TN. Hence the connectivity & transport network density is good. 56% of land in Vellore is used for agricultural activities to produce Paddy, Millets & other Cereals, Pulses, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Gingelly and Cotton. Source: http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/2016-17/dip.vellore.2015.16.pdf
3.5.2 Climatic conditions
Vellore district receives rainfall from both southwest and northeast monsoons. The annual normal rainfall (1901-80) for the district is 949.8 mm. The contribution of southwest monsoon ranges from 45 to 52 percent, whereas it ranges from 30-43 percent due to northeast monsoon. The district enjoys a tropical climate. The highest temperatures are recorded during May and June. The mean daily minimum and maximum temperature are 18.2 to 36.8° C. The relative humidity ranges from 37 to 85 percent.
Source: http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/TamilNadu/Vellore.pdf
3.5.3 Natural resources of district
3.5.3.1 Flora and Fauna [
Generally the hilly and mountain areas of the district are observed in the projections of the Eastern Ghat ranges as the forest is deciduous in nature. The ordinary plants such as tamarind, teakwood, sandal wood, ven-teak, casuarina, bamboo etc are common in the forests. Regarding fauna, although no special and distinguishing variety are available in the district, the western region and in particular the mountainous tracts possess some wild animals. Bison is seen in small numbers on the Jawadhu Hill ranges and tiger is occasionally seen. Black bears, hyenas, sambar, spotted deer, jungle sheep, barking deer, antelope, and varieties of snakes including the king cobras are spread over different regions of the district. Monkey exists in several places in the district. The skeleton of gigantic elephant caught in the Chengam forest region is kept for
79 | P a g e M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report the view of visitors in the Madras Museum. The most common birds of South Indian species are seen in the district.
Source: http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3304_PART_A_DCHB_VELLORE.pdf
3.5.3.2 Forest resources
Dense forest is found in many mountain ranges of Jawadhu region. Many forest areas has been classified as Reserve Forest in Gudiyatham, Katpadi, Wallajah, Arakonam, Arcot, Vellore, Vaniyambadi, Ambur and Tirupathur taluks. The forest products include firewood, bamboo, casuarina and to a lesser extent sandal wood and timber such as teak, rose wood etc. These are mostly extracted illegally by poachers.
Source:http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3304_PART_A_DCHB_VELLORE.pdf
3.5.3.3 Irrigation
Irrigation sources in the district are poor and the agriculture depends on seasonal rainfall. Rivers and tanks are used sparsely as these become dry soon. Tube wells and dug wells are chief sources of irrigation. The rivers Palar, Ponnai and the Pennai River meet a good part of the irrigational needs and “anaicuts” have been constructed across them. Channels have been dug in the sandy belts and rivers to tap the water. During rainy seasons, the flood water is diverted in to the channels dug connecting anaicuts built across the rivers in different taluks. The three important anaicuts are built across Palar, Ponnai and Pennaiyar. The Palaranaicut irrigates land in Wallajah and Arakonam taluks. The anaicut across Ponnai River also irrigates smaller area in these taluks. For irrigation of agricultural lands, there were 604 canals and 110,220 wells (for irrigation only) besides 57,055 wells used for domestic purposes in 2009-10. There were 1355 tanks in the district, out of this 420 have ayacuts of 40 hectares or more while remaining tanks have ayacuts of less than 40 hectares. Kaveripakkam Lake, covering an area of 6 sq.kms, is a major tank in the district which irrigates large area of land. The water from the lake, whenever it is filled, irrigates land in 33 villages depending on water availability, the cultivation is done in 2-3 times a year.
Source: http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3304_PART_A_DCHB_VELLORE.pdf
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3.5.3.4 Agricultural Resources
Rice, Maize, Ragi, Sugarcane, Pulses, Groundnut, Banana and Coconut, are cultivated extensively in Vellore district, while Cotton is cultivated in a few places. The total land used for cultivation of these crops is 2,76,062 ha. The major crop in Vellore District/ Palar basin is paddy.
Table 3-2 Agricultural activities in Vellore District (Year 2015-16)
S. No Crop Area (in Hect.)
1 Paddy 51.771
2 Cholam 0.029
3 Cumbu 0.729
4 Maize 3.347
5 Ragi 4.281
6 Sugarcane 7.297
7 Onion 0.056
8 Fruits and vegetables 9.761
9 Gingelly 0.107
10 Groundnut 3.105
11 Coconut 20.674
12 Sunflower 0.040
13 Cotton 0.094
14 Greengram 1.205
15 Black gram 0.925
16 Chillies 0.905
17 Turmeric 0.413
Source:cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s31651cf0d2f737d7adeab84d339dbabd3/uploads/2018/10/2018102337.pdf
3.5.3.5 Mineral Resources Mineral base is found to be spread across for the district. It is one of the most important factors for the industrial development of the area.
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Major Minerals Minor Minerals
Vermiculate Black granite
Quartz Color granite
Rough Stone
Earth & Brick earth
Source: http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/2016-17/dip.vellore.2015.16.pdf
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Figure 3-3 Geology and Mineral Map of Tamil Nadu
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3.5.4 Land Use & Land Cover [
The total geographical area of Vellore district is 6077 sq.km. The total area of Agriculture Plantation is 416.87sq.km. Forest, Forest Plantation cover is 15.3 sq. km. Build up Urban area is 110.98sq.km. Details of Land use/Land cover statistics for Vellore district is given in Table 3-3. Land use pattern of Vellore district are given in Figure 3-7.
Table 3-3 District land use/land cover statistics for Vellore district
Area S. No Division of Land Use/Land Cover % Sq. Km Acres Ha 1. Buildup, Urban 110.98 27423.71 11098 1.82 2. Buildup, Mining 13.03 3219.78 1303 0.21 3. Agriculture, Plantation 416.87 103010.66 41687 6.86 4. Forest, Evergreen/ Semi evergreen 237.63 58719.56 23763 3.91 5. Forest, Forest Plantation 15.3 3780.71 1530 0.25 Barren/ unculturable/ Wastelands, Salt 6. 9.38 2317.84 938 0.15 Affected land Barren/ unculturable/ Wastelands, Sandy 7. 0.81 200.16 81 0.01 area Wetlands/Water Bodies, 8. 111.16 27468.19 11116 1.83 River/Stream/canals 9. Buildup, Rural 97.8 24166.87 9780 1.61 10. Agriculture, Crop land 2593.47 640859.40 259347 42.68 11. Agriculture, Fallow 486.59 120238.82 48659 8.01 12. Forest, Deciduous 1111.98 274775.82 111198 18.30 13. Forest, Scrub Forest 309 76355.45 30900 5.08 Barren/ unculturable/ Wastelands, Scrub 14. 271.01 66967.93 27101 4.46 land Barren/ unculturable/ Wastelands, Barren 15. 10.77 2661.32 1077. 0.18 rocky Wetlands/Water Bodies, 16. 281.2 69485.93 28120 4.63 Reservoir/Lakes/Ponds Total 6077 1501652 607698 100 (Source: bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in)
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LULC Information (2011-12) for Vellore Buildup, Urban
Total Geographic Area: 6077 Sq. Km Buildup, Mining
Agriculture, Plantation 3.91% Forest, Evergreen/ Semi evergreen 0.15% 1.82% 0.25% Forest, Forest Plantation 0.18% 0.21% 0.01% 4.46% 4.63% 6.86% Barren/ unculturable/ 5.08% 1.83% Wastelands, Salt Affected land 1.61% Barren/ unculturable/ Wastelands, Sandy area Wetlands/Water 18.30% Bodies, River/Stream/canals Buildup, Rural
8.01% 42.68% Agriculture, Crop land Agriculture, Fallow
Forest, Deciduous
Forest, Scrub Forest
Barren/ unculturable/ Wastelands, Scrub land Barren/ unculturable/ Wastelands, Barren rocky Wetlands/Water Bodies, Reservoir/Lakes/Ponds
Figure 3-4 Land use pattern of Vellore district
3.5.4.1 Land use pattern of the study area
Total project study area is 314.99 sq. km. land use/ Land cover statistics of 10 km radius of the study area is given in Table 3-4and Land Use pattern of the study area is given in Figure 3-5. LULC map of the study area is given in Figure 3-6.
Table 3-4 Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10 km radius of the study area
Area S. No Description Percentage (%) Sq. km Acres Hectares
Cropland 140.08 34606.76 14008 44.47 1. Fallow land 52.34 12930.6 5234 16.62 2.
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Deciduous 13.77 3401.879 1377 4.37 3. Plantation 9.79 2418.62 979 3.11 4. Scrub land 13.36 3300.588 1336 4.24 5. Rural 12.18 3009.069 1218 3.87 6. Scrub Forest 7.56 1867.698 756 2.40 7. Urban 17.73 4380.197 1773 5.63 8. River/ Stream/ Canals 18.86 4659.363 1886 5.99 9. Reservoirs/ Lakes/ Ponds 23.27 5748.854 2327 7.39 10. Evergreen/ Semi-evergreen 1.57 387.8685 157 0.50 11. Barren Rocky Area 0.13 32.1165 13 0.04 12. Mining 2.78 686.799 278 0.88 13. Forest Plantation 1.35 333.5175 135 0.43 14. Sandy Area 0.15 37.0575 15 0.05 15. Salt Affected Area 0.07 17.2935 7 0.02 16. Total 314.99 77818.28 31499 100
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0.88% 0.43% 0.04% 0.05% Cropland Fallow land 0.50% 0.02% Deciduous 3.87% 5.99% 7.39% Plantation 2.40% Scrub land 5.63% 44.47% Rural Scrub Forest Urban River/ Stream/ Canals Reservoirs/ Lakes/ Ponds 16.62% Evergreen/ Semi-evergreen 3.11% Barren Rocky Area 4.24% Mining 4.37% Forest Plantation Sandy Area Salt Affected Area
Figure 3-5Land use pattern of the study area
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Figure 3-6Land use/Land cover map of the study area
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3.5.5 Topography [
The highest mountain in the district is the JAVADHU HILLS, which covers the eastern part of Tirupattur Taluk. The elevation of the JAVADHU HILLS is 2500 feet above mean sea level with peaks rising upto 4200 feet. The Yelagiri Hills lie in the central part of Tirupathur taluk with an altitude of 3200 feet. The major rivers of the district are the Palar and Ponnai and these rivers being seasonal, will almost be dry and sandy and are not of much use for sustained irrigation. Black soil is seen in the tanks and the river beds and rest of the areas are found with red loamy soil. Physical map of Tamil Nadu is shown in Figure 3-7. Topo map of the study area is shown in Figure 3-8 and contour map is shown in Figure 3-9.
Source: http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/2016-17/dip.vellore.2015.16.pdf
Figure 3-7Physical map of Tamil Nadu
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Figure 3-8Topo map of the study area
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Figure 3-9Contour map of study area
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3.5.6 Geology of PIA district
Geologically, the district is covered by crystalline rocks of Archaean age comprising of , granites, genesis, quarter sites etc. Alluvium occurring in the district is of fluviatile origin and restricted to the course of rivers and major systems. The alluvium consists of gravel, fine, coarse sand clay. Groundwater occurs under water table conditions in the weathered and jointed rocks of the crystalline basement. Water levels range between 2 to 29 m in crystalline rocks and 2 to 8 m cartulary deposits depending on topography. The groundwater extraction points are mostly in the form of open dug – wells of diameters ranging between 6 m to 10 m, these wells vary in yields. There are several groundwater extraction points in the river Palar bed in the form of infiltration wells and galleries and water from these structures is supplied to the major regions located along the river course including a few industries too. In some of the areas bore wells supply water for drinking and industrial use. The Palar River and tributaries are seasonal rivers. Water flows only during the rainy seasons while throughout the year there is barely any flow, the district, therefore, relies mostly on rain water and ground water.
Source:http://www.researchpublish.com/download.php?file=ASSESSMENT%20OF%20GROUNDWATE R-5550.pdf&act=book
3.5.7 Geomorphology of PIA district [
The following major geomorphic landforms have been identified from LANDSAT (MASS) and Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) data.
Structural hills Residual hills Plateaus Valley fills Pediments Buried pediments Pediplains Alluvial plains
A number of lineaments have been identified from remotely sensed data. In the eastern and southwestern part of the district, the predominant trend of lineament is NE-SW, whereas in the central part, both NE-SW and NW-SE trending lineaments have been identified. Traces of major
92 | P a g e M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report lineaments identified in the area have been shown in hydrogeological map of the area. Vellore district can be classified into two major physiographic divisions viz., i) Hilly terrain in the eastern and southwestern parts and ii) Plain regions in the eastern part. The landscape in the hilly terrain is undulating to rugged, flanked by hill ranges belonging to Eastern Ghats. The major hill ranges in the district are those belonging to Jawadu, Elagiri and Kalrayan hills. The eastern part of the district is a gently undulating plain dotted with isolated hillocks with sharply rising peaks, sloping towards east.
Source:http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/TamilNadu/Vellore.pdf
Geomorphology pattern of the study area is given in Table 3-5. Major portion of the study area is of Denudational origin consisting of Pediment- Pediplain complex. Geomorphology pattern of the study area is given in Figure 3-10. Geomorphology map of the study area is given in Figure 3-11.
Table 3-5 Geomorphology of the study area
S. No Description Area (Sq. km) Percentage (%)
Denudational Origin - Pediment - Pediplain Complex 200.71 63.72 1. Denudational Origin - Moderately dissected hills and Valleys 27.91 8.86 2. Structural Origin - Low Dissected Hills & Valleys 0.89 0.28 3. Fluvial Origin - Active Flood Plain 43.08 13.68 4. Anthropogenic origin 0.27 0.09 5. Water bodies/Tanks 42.13 13.38 6. Total 314.99 100
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Denudational Origin - Pediment - Pediplain Complex
Denudational Origin - Moderately dissected hills and Valleys
0.09% 13.38% Structural Origin - Low Dissected Hills & Valleys 13.68%
8.86% 63.72%
Fluvial Origin - Active Flood Plain 0.28%
Anthropogenic origin
Water Bodies/Tanks
Figure 3-10Geomorphology pattern of the study area
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Figure 3-11Geomorphology map of the study area
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3.5.8 Hydrogeology of PIA district
Vellore district is underlain by geological formations ranging in age from Achaean to Recent. In the crystalline formations comprising charnockites, gneisses and granites. In the consolidated formations, primary depositional features such as grain size are the major controlling factors.
Ground water occurs under phreatic conditions in the weathered zone and under semi confined conditions in the fractures. The thickness of weathered zone varies from less than a meter to about 15 m in the area depending on the topography. Potential aquifer zones are also developed in these rocks by fractures persisting to depths, particularly along lineaments and their inter sections. The depth of dug wells in crystalline formations varies form 8 – 19.5 m bgl. Fracture zones have been encountered in the well down to a depth of 116 m bgl in the borehole drilled by CGWB. The thickness of alluvium along the course of Palar River ranges from 8 – 12 m.Hydrogeology map of PIA district is given in Figure 3-12.
Source:http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/TamilNadu/Vellore.pdf
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Figure 3-12 Hydrogeology of PIA district
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3.5.9 Drainage pattern in PIA district
Palar River is the major river draining the district, flowing towards east for a distance of about 295 km. It runs parallel to the hill ranges of the Eastern Ghats for a major part of its course. It has a vast flood plain in the lower reaches, but is dry for major part of the year. Ponnaiyar, Cheyyar, Pambar and Malattar are some of the major tributaries of Palar draining the district. Almost all the streams are ephemeral in nature and are mostly structurally controlled. Drainage pattern of the study area is given in Figure 3-13.
Source: http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/TamilNadu/Vellore.pdf
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Figure 3-13Drainage map of the study area
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3.5.10 Soil in PIA district [[
Containing complex mineral compounds, the soil is thin layer of earth’s crust made up of disintegrated and decomposed rocks. It constituted with the natural resources which supports to the growth of plants on earth. The central and southern parts of the district are mostly hilly and the eastern portion is almost a stretch of unbroken plain. In the western part, the land rises gradually towards the Mysore plateau along the Chittoor district. The soil is mostly of the red ferruginous variety both sandy and loamy, with black area accounting for about 16%. The black soil is found mostly in the neighbourhood of the rivers of Palar, Ponnai and in the ayacuts of a few big tanks. The black soil occurs in Arakonam, Wallajah, Arcot and Tirupathur Taluks. The black type loam soil is found mostly in Arakonam and Gudiyatham taluks in larger areas than in other taluks while red loam soil is found in all the taluks.
Source:http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3304_PART_A_DCHB_VELLORE.pdf
3.5.11 Seismicity [
As per Vulnerability Atlas of India, the project location / study area falls under Zone III (Moderate risk category). Seismicity map of India is shown in Figure 3-14.
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Figure 3-14 Seismicity map of India
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3.6 Meteorology
Baseline ambient air quality assessment gives the status in the vicinity of site and is an indispensable part of Environmental Impact Assessment studies. Significant changes, in predominant winds and weather conditions are observed in winter, summer and post-monsoon seasons apart from the local topographic influences. The baseline status of air environment in the study area is assessed through a systematic air quality surveillance program.
3.6.1 Meteorological Conditions
The regional air quality is influenced by the meteorology of that region. The principal weather parameters that influence the concentration of the air pollutants in the surroundings are wind speed, wind direction and temperature. The meteorological data is useful for proper interpretation of the baseline data. It is used as input for air quality dispersion models for predicting the post project environmental scenario i.e. ground level concentrations due to proposed utilities like boiler, DG sets, etc.
3.6.2 Meteorological Data Collection
Available secondary data pertaining to the meteorological parameters ware obtained from the IMD Climatological tables. In addition, baseline meteorological data (primary data) was generated during the study period (Mid-January – End April 2019). The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) i.e. IS:8829 and Indian Meteorological Department (IMD).
3.6.3 General Meteorological Scenario based on IMD data
The nearest Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) station located to project site is Vellore. The Climatological data for Vellore (12055’ N and 79009’E), published by the IMD, based on daily observations at 08:30 and 17:30 hour IST for a 30 year period, is presented in the following sections on the meteorological conditions of the region. The monthly variations of the relevant meteorological parameters are reproduced in Table 3-6.
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Table 3-6 Climatological Summary – Vellore Region (1971-2000)
Relative Mean Predominant Rainfall Vapour Pressure Temp (oC) Humidity Wind Wind Directions (mm) HPa Month (%) Speed (From)* Daily Daily No. (kmph) Total 8.30 17:30 8.30 17:30 08:30 17:30 Max. Min. days 86 52 21.5 19.5 5.6 Jan 29.7 17.8 9.4 0.8 NE NE 82 45 22.8 19.8 5.9 NE NE Feb 32.5 19.3 4.5 0.3 77 38 24.6 19.7 6.0 S SE Mar 35.7 21.3 12.3 0.8 71 39 28.2 22.6 7.0 S SE Apr 38.1 24.7 24 1.3 65 43 27.9 24.4 6.5 W SW May 39 25.9 65.9 4.2 66 50 26.7 25.6 8.3 Jun 36.6 25.6 76.8 5.2 W SW,W 70 53 26.3 25.5 7.3 Jul 34.9 24.7 129.3 7.1 W W 73 57 26.4 26.4 6.5 Aug 34.2 24.2 144.7 8 W SW 77 62 27.6 27.6 5.1 Sep 34.1 23.5 185 8.7 W SW 83 68 28.0 27.0 4.2 Oct 32.3 22.3 146.2 8.1 W NE 86 68 25.8 24.7 4.5 Nov 29.9 20.6 147.7 7.4 NE NE 87 64 23.3 22.1 5.5 Dec 28.7 18.7 84.5 4.0 NE NE 39 25.9 185 8.7 87 68 28.2 27.6 8.3 Max. 28.7 17.8 4.5 0.3 65 38 21.5 19.5 4.2 Annual wind Min. Predominant- NE Avg/Tot 33.8 22.4 1030.4 56.0 77 53 25.7 23.8 6.1 al.
As per the above IMD Climatological data, following observations can be drawn:
Daily maximum temperature of 390C and the daily minimum temperature of 17.80C were recorded in the months of May and January respectively. Maximum and minimum relative humidity of 87% and 38% were recorded in the months of December and March respectively. Maximum and minimum rainfall of 185 mm and 4.5 mm was recorded in the months of September and February respectively. Annual Total Rainfall is 1030.4 mm. Maximum and minimum Mean wind speed 8.3 Kmph and 4.2 Kmph was recorded in the months of June and October respectively. Annual predominant wind direction is North East.
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3.6.4 Meteorological Scenario during Study Period
Meteorological scenario in and around the project site is an essential requirement during study period for proper interpretation of baseline air quality status. Meteorological data was collected during the study period (Mid Jan–End April 2019).The wind rose of the study period is given inFigure 3-7.
Figure 3-15 Specific Wind rose for the Study Period (Mid-January – End April 2019)
3.6.5 Site Specific Meteorological data during Study Period
The meteorological data of study period was used for interpretation of baseline status and to simulate the meteorological conditions for prediction of impacts in modeling studies. Meteorology Data for the Study Period (Mid Jan– End April 2019) is given in Table 3-7.
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Table 3-7 Meteorology Data for the Study Period (Mid Jan – End April 2019)
S. No Parameter Observation Min Temperature: 190C 1. Temperature Max Temperature: 390C Avg Temperature: 28.620C 2. Relative Humidity Range 72.12% 3. Average Wind Speed 3.5 m/s 4. Predominant Wind Direction North East to South West
3.6.6 Atmospheric Inversion
Atmospheric inversion level at the project site was monitored; the results observed at the site during the study period are as follows: Average atmospheric temperature: 28.620C Average Relative humidity: 72.12% Average Wind speed: 3.5 m/s
The daily inversion level calculated based on the average temperature and average wind speed at the project site and the maximum inversion height is derived by the graph plotted based on the average temperature and average wind speed. The daily inversion level at the project site varies from 50 to 1750m during 6 AM to 6 PM, the maximum recorded at 5 PM, April 2019. This is shown in Figure 3-16.
Figure 3-16 Atmospheric inversion level at the project site
3.7 Ambient Air Quality The selection criteria for monitoring locations are based on the following: Topography/Terrain Meteorological conditions Residential and sensitive areas within the study area Representatives of regional background air quality/pollution levels and
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Representation of likely impacted areas
3.7.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
To evaluate the baseline air quality of the study area, Eight (08) monitoring locations were identified as per IMD Climatological data – Vellore Region (1971-2000). The annual predominant wind direction is from North East to South West. A map showing the Ambient air monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-17 and the details of the monitoring locations are given in Table 3-8. Table 3-8 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Station Type of Distance Azimuth Location Code Wind (~km) Directions A1 Project site - - A2 Ammur u/w 2.62 NE A3 Walajapet c/w 4.53 SSE A4 Arcot c/w 6.37 SSW A5 Karai d/w 4.01 SW A6 Tanthai Periyar Nagar d/w 2.81 SW A7 Ranipet – SIPCOT c/w 4.98 W A8 Kalpudur c/w 3.98 NNW
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Figure 3-17 Map showing the ambient air quality monitoring locations 107 | P a g e M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
3.7.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Techniques and Frequency
Ambient air quality was monitored twice in a week for One (01) season covering 12 weeks from during Mid January – End April 2019. PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, Pb, NH3 , C6H6, C20 H12, As, Ni, were monitored on 24 hourly basis and O3, CO and VOC were monitored on eight hourly basis. Sampling was carried out as per Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) monitoring guidelines at each location. Analytical methods used for analysis of parameters are given in Table 3-9.
Table 3-9 Analytical Methods for Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters
S. Sampling Parameters Analytical method NAAQ standards: 2009 No Time
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), IS:5182(Part-2):2001 1. 50 (Annual) 80(24 Hours) 24 Hours μg/m3 (Reaff:2006) Nitrogen Dioxide 2. 3 IS: 5182 (Part - 6): 2006 40 (Annual) 80 (24 Hours) 24 Hours (NO2), μg/m Particulate Matter 3. 3 IS: 5182 (Part - 23): 2006 40 (Annual) 60 (24 hours) 24 Hours (PM2.5), μg/m Particulate Matter 4. 3 IS:5182 (Part– 23): 2006 60 (Annual) 100 (24 hours) 24 Hours (PM10), μg/m IS:5182(Part–10):1999 5. CO mg/m3 2 (8 hours) 4 (1hour) 8 Hours (Reaff:2006) IS:5182(Part–22):2004 6. Pb, μg/m3 0.5(Annual) 1(24 hours) 24 Hours (Reaff:2006) 3 7. O3, μg/m IS: 5182 (Part – 9): 1974 100(8hours) 180 (1hour) 8 Hours
3 APHA(air) 2nd edition 8. NH3, μg/m 100(Annual) 400(24 hours) 8 Hours (Indophenol-blue method) IS:5182(Part–11):1999 9. Benzene, μg/m3 5 (Annual) 5 (Annual) 24 Hours (RA:2009) Benzo (a) pyrene, IS:5182(Part– 10. 1 (Annual) 1 (Annual) 24 Hours ng/m3 12):2004(RA:2009) 11. Arsenic, ng/ m3 APHA (air) 2nd edition 6 (Annual) 6 (Annual) 24 Hours In house method (AAS 12. Nickel ng/ m3 method) based on CPCB 20(Annual) 20(Annual) 24 Hours guidelines volume 1 Volatile Organic PID (Photo-Ionization 13. -- -- 8 Hours Compounds (ppm) Detection) Method IS 5182 (part 19):1982(Ref 14. Chlorine μg/ m3 -- -- 2 Hours 2003) Hydrochloric acid (μg/ 15. NIOSH Method -- -- 2 Hours m3) Hydrobromic acid (μg/ 16. NIOSH Method -- -- 2 Hours m3) 17. Hydrogen sulphide IS 5182 (part 7) : 1973(Ref -- -- 2 Hours
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(μg/ m3) 2003) Hydrogen fluoride (μg/ 18. NIOSH Method -- -- 2 Hours m3)
3.7.2.1 Observations
The variations of the pollutants PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, Pb, O3, NH3 , C6H6, C20 H12, As, Ni, VOC were monitored out of which 12 parameters are compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), MoEF&CC Notification, November, 2009. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data (Mid January – End April 2019) for the study area is given inTable 3-9and trends of measured ambient concentrations in the study area were graphically represented in Figure 3-18. Table 3-10 Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants Tanthai Ranipet Project Ammur Walajapet Arcot Karai Periyar - Kalpudur Parameter NAAQS site s Standards Nagar SIPCOT A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Min. 50.9 48.4 46.8 51.8 47.6 54.3 59.3 45.9
PM10 Max. 72.6 69.0 66.6 73.8 67.8 77.4 84.5 65.5 100 Conc. Avg. (24 Hours) 61.1 58.1 56.1 62.1 57.1 65.1 71.1 55.1 (µg/m³) 98th 72.2 68.6 66.3 73.4 67.4 76.9 84.0 65.1 ‘tile Min. 20.9 20.4 21.1 17.0 19.5 18.9 22.5 17.5
PM2.5 Max. 29.8 29.0 30.1 24.2 27.8 26.9 32.0 24.9 60 Conc. Avg. (24 Hours) 25.1 24.4 25.3 20.3 23.4 22.6 26.9 20.9 (µg/m3) 98th 29.6 28.9 29.9 24.0 27.7 26.7 31.8 24.7 ‘tile Min. 7.8 6.3 6.8 8.4 7.9 9.8 10.4 5.9
SO2 Max. 11.1 8.9 9.8 12.0 11.3 13.9 14.8 8.4 80 Conc. Avg. (24 Hours) 9.3 7.5 8.2 10.1 9.5 11.7 12.4 7.1 (µg/m3) 98th 11.0 8.9 9.7 11.9 11.2 13.8 14.7 8.4 ‘tile Min. 16.8 15.4 15.9 17.2 13.7 17.7 19.8 14.6 Max. 23.9 22.0 22.7 24.5 19.5 25.2 28.2 20.8 NO2 Conc. 80 (µg/m3) Avg. (24 Hours) 20.1 18.5 19.1 20.6 16.4 21.2 23.7 17.5 98th 23.8 21.9 22.6 24.4 19.4 25.1 28.0 20.7 ‘tile BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ Pb (μg/m3) Avg. (24hour) (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) CO BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Avg. 4(1hour) (mg/m3) (DL (DL (DL 0.05) (DL (DL (DL (DL (DL 0.05)
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Tanthai Ranipet Project Ammur Walajapet Arcot Karai Periyar - Kalpudur Parameter NAAQS site s Standards Nagar SIPCOT A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05)
O3 (μg/m3) Avg. 180(1hour) 11.7 9.6 10.4 12.2 11.4 9.8 12.7 11.0 400(24 NH3 (μg/m3) Avg. 8.11 6.28 7.38 7.96 7.31 7.63 8.91 5.87 hours) BLQ BLQ BLQ Benzene BLQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ BLQ BLQ Avg. 5 (Annual) (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (μg/m3) (LOQ 1) 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) 1) 1) 1) Benzo (a) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ BLQ BLQ pyrene, Avg. 1(Annual) (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ 1) 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (ng/m3) 1) 1) 1) BLQ BLQ BLQ Arsenic (ng/ BLQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ BLQ BLQ Avg. 6 (Annual) (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ m3) (LOQ 2) 2) (LOQ 2) (LOQ 2) (LOQ 2) 2) 2) 2) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ Nickel BLQ (LOQ BLQ Avg. 20 (Annual) (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (ng/m3) 10) (LOQ 10) 10) 10) 10) 10) 10) 10) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL (DL BDL BDL (DL BDL (DL TVOC(ppm) Avg. - (DL (DL (DL (DL 0.1) 0.1) (DL 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) BLQ(L BLQ( BLQ( BLQ(LO BLQ(LOQ BLQ(LO BLQ(LO BLQ(LOQ HCl (μg/m3) Avg. - OQ LOQ LOQ Q 140) 140) Q 140) Q 140) 140) 140) 140) 140) BLQ(L BLQ( BLQ( Chlorine BLQ(LO BLQ(LOQ BLQ(LO BLQ(LO BLQ(LOQ Avg. - OQ LOQ LOQ (μg/m3) Q 145) 145) Q 145) Q 145) 145) 145) 145) 145) BLQ( BLQ( BLQ(L BLQ(LO BLQ(LOQ BLQ(LO BLQ(LO BLQ(LOQ HBr (μg/m3) Avg. - LOQ LOQ OQ 35) Q 35) 35) Q 35) Q 35) 35) 35) 35) BLQ( BLQ( BLQ(L BLQ(LO BLQ(LOQ BLQ(LO BLQ(LO BLQ(LOQ H2S (μg/m3) Avg. - LOQ LOQ OQ 6) Q 6) 6) Q 6) Q 6) 6) 6) 6) BLQ(L BLQ( BLQ( BLQ(LO BLQ(LOQ BLQ(LO BLQ(LO BLQ(LOQ HF (μg/m3) Avg. - OQ LOQ LOQ Q 350) 350) Q 350) Q 350) 350) 350) 350) 350) Note: BDL (Below detectable limit); DL (Detectable limit); BLQ (Below Limit of Quantification); LOQ (Limit Of Quantification)
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Figure 3-18 Trends of measured Ambient Air Quality in the study area
3.7.2.2 Results and Discussion
Statistical analysis (minimum, maximum, arithmetic mean and 98-percentile values) of the ambient air quality in study area for the study period are given in Table 3-10. The results of such analysis are pictorially presented in Figure 3-18. The ambient air quality has been monitored at 8 locations for 13 parameters including 12 parameters as per NAAQS, 2009 within the study area. The average baseline levels of PM10 (55.1- 71.1 µg/m³), PM2.5(20.3-26.9 µg/m³), 3 SO2 (7.1-12.4 µg/m³), NO2 (16.4-23.7 µg/m³), O3 (9.6- 12.7 µg/m ), are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Industrial, Commercial and Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study period from Mid January – End April 2019.
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3.8 Noise Environment
The prevailing ambient noise level at a particular location is nothing but the resultant (total) of all kinds of noise sources existing at various distances around that location. The ambient noise level at a location varies continuously depending on the type of surrounding activities. Ambient noise levels have been established by monitoring noise levels at eight (08) locations in and around 10Km distance from project area during, the study period using precision noise level meter. The noise monitoring locations in the study area were selected after giving due consideration to the various land use categories. The land use categories include commercial, residential, rural and sensitive areas. Noise levels were recorded on an hourly basis for one complete day at each location using pre- calibrated noise levels. A map showing the noise monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-17.
3.8.1 Results and Discussion [
Based on the recorded hourly noise levels at each monitoring location, the day equivalent (Ld) and night equivalent (Ln) were calculated;
Ld: Average noise levels between 6:00 hours to 22.00 hours. Ln: Average noise levels between 22:00 hours to 6.00 hours.
The comparison of day equivalent noise levels (Ld) and night equivalent noise levels (Ln) with the respective CPCB stipulated noise standards for various land use categories are shown in the Table 3-11 and the map showing noise monitoring location is given in Figure 3-19.
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Figure 3-19 Map showing noise monitoring locations
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Table 3-11 Day and Night Equivalent Noise levels
Distance Noise level in Locat CPCB Standard S. (km) from Azimuth dB(A) Leq Environmental Location ion No Project Direction Lday LNight Setting Code Day Night boundary (Ld) (Ln) 1 Project site N1 Within Site 61.7 52 75 70 Industrial 2 Ammur N3 2.62 NE 64 53.7 65 55 Commercial 3 Walajapet N4 4.53 SSE 65.2 53 65 55 Commercial 4 Arcot N5 6.37 SSW 70.7 53 65 55 Commercial 5 Karai N7 4.01 SW 51.2 42.6 55 45 Residential Tanthai 6 N6 2.81 SW 52.1 40 55 45 Residential Periyarnagar Ranippettai 7 N8 4.98 W 70.5 68 75 70 Industrial SIPCOT 8 Kalpudur N2 3.98 NNW 49.6 40.8 55 45 Residential
3.8.2 Observations
Based on the above results, following observations are made:
The 8 locations under the study constitute of 3 locations in residential areas, 3 in commercial areas and 2 in industrial area. It was observed that within the Residential areas, noise levels (Day and Night) are well within the standards prescribed by CPCB. Within the commercial areas, Day time noise levels have significantly increased at Arcot and Walajapet. However, the night time noise levels are well within the limits prescribed by CPCB. Noise levels within the project site are well within the limit prescribed by CPCB.
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3.9 Water Environment
3.9.1 Surface water resources [
Palar River is the major river draining the district, flowing towards east for a distance of about 295 km. It runs parallel to the hill ranges of the Eastern Ghats for a major part of its course. It has a vast flood plain in the lower reaches, but is dry for major part of the year. Ponnaiyar, Cheyyar, Pambar and Malattar are some of the major tributaries of Palar draining the district. Almost all the streams are ephemeral in nature and are mostly structurally controlled. Source: http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/TamilNadu/Vellore.pdf
3.9.2 Surface water quality assessment
To establish the baseline status of water environment, the existing representative sampling locations for surface water within a radial distance of 10Km from project site have been selected as per CPCB guidelines of Water Quality Monitoring through an adequate survey of the project area. Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters are given in Table 3-12.
Table 3-12 Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters
S. No Parameter Measured Test Method 1. pH (at 25°C) IS:3025 (Part - 11): 1983 (Reaff: 2006) 2. Electrical Conductivity IS:3025 (Part - 14): 1983 (Reaff: 2006) 3. Turbidity IS 3025 (Part 10): 1984 4. Color IS:3025 (Part- 4) 1983 (Reaff 2006)
5. Total Hardness as CaCO3 IS:3025 (Part - 21) 1983 (Reaff 2006)
6. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 IS:3025,1 (Part - 23) 1986 (Reaff 2009) 7. Fluoride IS 3025 (Part 60): 2008 8. Cadmium IS:3025 (Part 41) 1991 9. Calcium IS 3025 (Part 40): 1991 10. Magnesium as Mg IS 3025 (Part 46) 1994 11. Sulphate IS 3025 (Part 24): 1986 rd 12. Nitrate APHA 23 Edition (4500 NO3B) 13. Chloride as Cl- IS:3025 (Part - 32) 1988(Reaff 2009) 14. Total Dissolved Solids IS:3025:1(Part - 16) 1984 (Reaff 2006) 15. Chromium as Cr IS:3025 (Part - 52) 2003 (Reaff 2009) 16. Lead as Pb IS:3025 (Part - 47) 1994 (Reaff 2009) 17. Arsenic as As US EPA Method 200.8 18. Selenium as Se US EPA method 200.8
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S. No Parameter Measured Test Method 19. Zinc as Zn IS:3025 (Part - 49) 1994 (Reaff 2009) 20. Sodium as Na IS:3025,5(Part - 45) 1993 (Reaff 2006) 21. Potassium IS 3025 (Part 45) 1993 22. Temperature IS:3025 (Part - 9) 1983 (Reaff 2006)
23. Chemical oxygen demand as O2 IS:3025 (Part-58)-2006 24. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) IS:3025 (Part - 38)1989 (Reaff 2009) 25. Manganese as Mn IS: 3025 (Part 59):2006 26. Mercury as Hg US EPA Method 200.8 27. Nickel US EPA Method 200.8 28. Copper as Cu IS:3025 (Part - 42)1992 (Reaff: 2009) nd 29. BOD,5 days @200C as O2 5210B APHA22 Edn 2012
The prevailing status of water quality at Eight (08) sampling locations for surface water was assessed during the study period and the same are presented in Table 3-13. Surface water quality results are provided in Table 3-14. A map showing the surface water monitoring locations is given as Figure 3-20. Due to unavailability of water, water sample was not collected from lake near Edapalayam. Table 3-13 Details of Surface water sampling locations S. Sampling Distance from Project Direction from project Name of the Water body No code Boundary boundary 1 Lake near Walajapet SW1 4.63 SSE
2 Lake near Toppukana SW2 7.52 SSW
3 Pond near Karai SW3 3.95 SW Lake near Thanthai 4 SW4 2.26 SSW periyarnagar 5 Lake near Maniyampattu SW5 5.25 WSW
6 Settithangal lake SW6 0.96 SW Lake near Edapalayam (No 7 sample was taken as water was SW7 2.64 WNW not available ) 8 Lake near Kalpudur SW8 4.34 NNW Note: Due to unavailability of surface water in the study area, only 7 surface water samples are collected and analysed.
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Figure 3-20 Map showing Surface water monitoring locations with the study area
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Table 3-14Surface Water Monitoring Results
SW 1 SW 2 SW 3 SW 4 SW 5 SW 6 SW 8 S. Name of the Units Lake near No parameter Lake near Lake near Pond near Lake near Settithangal Lake near ThanthaiPriyar Walajapet Toppukana Karai Maniyampattu lake Kalpudur Nagar 1 pH at 25°C - 7.62 6.88 7.37 7.25 6.68 7.14 6.84
2 Turbidity NTU 4 1.2 8 7 1 4 1.5 Total 3 Suspended mg/l 9 2 18 16 1 9 3 Solids µmhos/c 4 EC @25°C 3890 713 4068 4126 608 561 1095 m Total 5 Dissolved mg/l 2487 449 2510 2677 366 342 722 Solids Total 6 Alkalinity as mg/l 278.7 160.7 180.3 262.3 99.2 94.3 197.5 CaCO3 Total 7 Hardness as mg/l 620.5 165.9 500.4 600.5 182.6 170.2 250.3 CaCO3 Sodium as 8 mg/l 575 49 600 612 39 35 100 Na Potassium 9 mg/l 40 3 42 43 4 3 7 as K Calcium as 10 mg/l 96.19 33.05 72.14 104.21 39.86 36.07 56.11 Ca Magnesium 11 mg/l 92.34 20.24 77.76 82.62 20.15 19.44 26.73 as Mg 12 Carbonate mg/l BLQ(LOQ.1) BLQ(LOQ.1) BLQ(LOQ.1) BLQ(LOQ.1) BLQ(LOQ.1) BLQ(LOQ.1) BLQ(LOQ.1)
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SW 1 SW 2 SW 3 SW 4 SW 5 SW 6 SW 8 S. Name of the Units Lake near No parameter Lake near Lake near Pond near Lake near Settithangal Lake near ThanthaiPriyar Walajapet Toppukana Karai Maniyampattu lake Kalpudur Nagar 13 Bicarbonate mg/l 340 196 220 320 121 115 241 Chloride as 14 mg/l 1097.61 91.03 1247.1 1276.8 74.23 71.12 207.85 Cl Sulphate as 15 mg/l 188.34 40.51 191.94 177.74 53.46 49.71 62.15 SO4 Nitrate as 16 mg/l 5.8 4.6 7.2 4.9 4.3 3.6 4.17 NO3 17 Phosphate mg/l 0.48 3.54 1.2 0.26 4.97 0.14 9.64
18 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.52 0.44 0.58 0.51 0.45 0.32 0.41 BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 19 Cyanide mg/l (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 20 Arsenic mg/l (LOQ 0.005) (LOQ 0.005) (LOQ 0.005) (LOQ 0.005) (LOQ 0.005) (LOQ 0.005) (LOQ 0.005) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 21 Cadmium mg/l (LOQ0.001) (LOQ0.001) (LOQ0.001) (LOQ0.001) (LOQ0.001) (LOQ0.001) (LOQ0.001) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 22 Chromium mg/l BLQ(LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 23 Copper mg/l BLQ(LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) 24 Iron mg/l 0.18 1.49 0.24 0.23 1.29 0.21 1.98 BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 25 Lead mg/l BLQ(LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 26 Manganese mg/l 0.331 0.304 0.488 (LOQ 0.05) (LOQ 0.05) (LOQ 0.05) (LOQ 0.05) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 27 Mercury mg/l (LOQ 0.0005) (LOQ 0.0005) (LOQ 0.0005) (LOQ 0.0005) (LOQ 0.0005) (LOQ 0.0005) (LOQ 0.0005)
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SW 1 SW 2 SW 3 SW 4 SW 5 SW 6 SW 8 S. Name of the Units Lake near No parameter Lake near Lake near Pond near Lake near Settithangal Lake near ThanthaiPriyar Walajapet Toppukana Karai Maniyampattu lake Kalpudur Nagar BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 28 Nickel mg/l BLQ(LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 29 Selenium mg/l (LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) (LOQ0.005) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 30 Zinc mg/l BLQ(LOQ0.1) (LOQ0.1) (LOQ0.1) (LOQ0.1) (LOQ0.1) (LOQ0.1) (LOQ0.1) Dissolved 31 mg/l 5.9 5.2 5.6 5.7 5.3 6.1 5.1 Oxygen 32 COD mg/l 8 72 152 104 192 5.6 200 BOD 3days 33 mg/l 1.6 12 25 17 33 1.2 34 @27°C
Note: BLQ: Below Level of Quantification, LOQ: Limit Of Quantification, BDL: Below Detectable Limit, DL: Detectable Limit, NTU: Nephelometric Turbidity Unit, mg/l: Milligrams per Liter
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Table 3-15Surface water Standards (IS 2296:1992)
S.No Parameters Unit A B C D E
1 Colour Hazen 10 300 300 ------
2 Turbidity NTU ------
3 pH -- 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5
4 Conductivity µS/cm ------1000 2250
5 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 500 --- 1500 --- 2100
6 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l ------
Total Hardness as 7 mg/l 300 ------CaCo3
8 Calcium as Ca mg/l 80.10 ------
9 Magnesium as Mg. mg/l 24.28 ------
10 Sodium Na mg/l ------
11 Potassium mg/l ------
12 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 --- 600 --- 600
13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 400 --- 400 --- 1000
14 Phosphate mg/l ------
15 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 20 --- 50 ------
16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.5 1.5 1.5 ------
17 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 ------
18 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 0.2 0.2 ------
19 Cadmium mg/l 0.01 --- 0.01 ------
20 Chromium, Total mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 ------
21 Copper mg/l 1.5 --- 1.5 ------
22 Iron mg/l 0.3 --- 50 ------
23 Lead mg/l 0.1 --- 0.1 ------
24 Zinc mg/l 15 --- 15 ------
25 Manganese mg/l 0.5 ------
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26 Selenium mg/l 0.01 --- 0.05 ------
27 Mercury mg/l 0.001 ------
28 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6 5 4 4 ---
29 COD mg/l ------
30 BOD mg/l 2 3 3 ------
Class A – Drinking water without conventional treatment but after disinfection.
Class B –Water for outdoor bathing.
Class C – Drinking water with conventional treatment followed by disinfection.
Class D – Water for fish culture and wild life propagation.
Class E – Water for irrigation, industrial cooling and controlled waste disposal
3.9.3 Results and Discussion
Surface water sample results are discussed below: Water sampling results are compared with Surface water standards IS 2296:1992. pH in the collected surface water samples varies between 6.68 to 7.62 which is within the limit of IS 2296:1992. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) value of collected surface water sample ranges from 342 mg/l to 2677 mg/l. The Total hardness value of the collected surface water sample ranges between 165.9 mg/l – 620.5 mg/l. BOD value of the collected surface water samples ranges between 1.2 mg/l and 34 mg/l. COD value of the collected surface water varies from 5.6 mg/l to 200 mg/l. The concentration of heavy metals like As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni and Se in the collected surface water samples are observed to be below the detectable limit.
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3.10 Ground water resources
Vellore district can be broadly classified as hilly terrains and plain regions. The East of Eastern Ghats lies the Palar plain region. The region is mostly undulating and sloping towards east. The river Palar in its course is successively enriched by the tributaries Malattar, Koundinyanadhi, Poiney and Cheyyyar. Palar is not a perennial river and occurrence of flood is very rare and of very short duration. River Palar has good thickness of Alluvium all through.
Table 3-16 Ground water potential in Vellore district (as on March 2011)
Net ground water availability (in MCM) 592.80 Existing Gross Ground water draft for all the users (in MCM) 621.44 Stage of Ground water development (in %) 105% Categorization of district Over exploited Source:https://www.twadboard.tn.gov.in/content/vellore-district
3.10.1 Ground water quality [
Total Eight (8) ground water monitoring locations were identified for assessment in different villages around the project site based on the usage of sub surface water by the settlements/ villages in the study area. The groundwater results are compared with the desirable and permissible water quality standards as per IS: 10500 (2012) for drinking water. Groundwater quality monitoring locations are given in Table 3-17 and results are given in Table 3-18. A map showing the ground water monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-21. Table 3-17 Details of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Locations
Distance (km) from Project Station Code Location Azimuth Directions boundary GW1 Project Site - - GW2 Ammur 2.62 NE GW3 Walajapet 4.53 SSE GW4 Arcot 6.37 SSW GW5 Karai 4.01 SW GW6 TanthaiPeriyarnagar 2.81 SW GW7 Ranipet - SIPCOT 4.98 W GW8 Kalpudur 3.98 NNW
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Figure 3-21Map showing the ground water monitoring locations
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Table 3-18Groundwater monitoring results
DW DW GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 Standard Standards S s (IS (IS 10500: N Parameters Unit 10500: TanthaiP 2012) Project Walajape Ranipet- o 2012) Ammur Arcot Karai eriyarnag Kalpudur Permissib site t SIPCOT Acceptab ar le Limit le Limit BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 1 Colour Hazen 15 5 (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) 2 pH - NR 6.5 to 8.5 7.59 7.97 7.43 7.45 8.37 7.09 8.18 8.24 BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 3 Turbidity NTU 5 1 (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) Total BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 4 Suspended mg/l - - (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) (LOQ 1) Solids Electrical µmhos/ 5 Conductivity - - 1421 841 1103 2413 1310 1219 1623 364 cm 25◦C Total 6 Dissolved mg/l 2000 500 882 515 730 1529 804 738 1018 226 Solids Total 7 Alkalinity as mg/l 600 200 189 193 270 256 246 180 238 97 CaCO3 Total 8 Hardness as mg/l 600 200 490 230 360 583 431 340 370 125 CaCO3 Sodium as 9 mg/l - - 132 47 71 264 72 92 164 10 Na Potassium 10 mg/l - - 9 3 4 25 5 6 11 1 as k Calcium as 11 mg/l 200 75 84.17 36.07 80.16 114.5 104.21 76.15 84.17 34.07 Ca 12 Magnesium mg/l 100 30 68.04 34.02 38.88 72.15 41.32 36.45 38.88 9.72
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DW DW GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 Standard Standards S s (IS (IS 10500: N Parameters Unit 10500: TanthaiP 2012) Project Walajape Ranipet- o 2012) Ammur Arcot Karai eriyarnag Kalpudur Permissib site t SIPCOT Acceptab ar le Limit le Limit as Mg Chlorides as 13 mg/l 1000 250 277.13 98.98 128.46 560 148.46 193 346.42 22.27 Cl- Sulphate 14 mg/l 400 200 78.29 57.62 75.19 175.17 127.83 111.65 79.69 28.76 (SO4) Nitrates(NO3 15 mg/l NR 45 3.41 2.47 2.65 5.8 5.2 2.96 4.15 2.47 ) BLQ BLQ 16 Phosphate mg/l - - 0.08 0.07 0.09 (LOQ (LOQ 0.07 0.39 0.08 0.02) 0.02) Fluoride as 17 mg/l 1.5 1 0.19 0.24 0.21 0.57 0.47 0.28 0.27 0.18 F- BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 18 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 0.01 (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 19 Cyanide mg/l NR 0.05 (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 20 Cadmium mg/l NR 0.003 (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ (LOQ 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001)
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DW GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 DW Standar Standards ds (IS S Parameter (IS 10500: Unit 10500: Project TanthaiPe Ranipet- No s 2012) Ammur Walajapet Arcot Karai Kalpudur 2012) site riyarnagar SIPCOT Permissibl Accepta e Limit ble Limit BLQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ 21 Chromium mg/l NR 0.05 (LOQ 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 22 Copper mg/l 1.5 0.05 (LOQ0.0 (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) (LOQ0.01) 1) BLQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ 23 Total Iron mg/l NR 0.3 (LOQ 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 24 Lead mg/l NR 0.01 (LOQ0.0 (LOQ0.00 (LOQ0.00 (LOQ0.00 (LOQ0.00 (LOQ0.00 (LOQ0.00 (LOQ0.00 05) 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) BLQ Manganes BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ 25 mg/l 0.3 0.1 (LOQ e 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) BLQ Mercury BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ 26 mg/l NR 0.001 (LOQ 0.0005) 0.0005) 0.0005) 0.0005) 0.0005) 0.0005) 0.0005) 0.0005) BLQ Nickel BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ 27 mg/l NR 0.02 (LOQ 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) BLQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ 28 Selenium mg/l NR 0.01 (LOQ 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) BLQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ BLQ (LOQ 29 Zinc mg/l 15 5 (LOQ 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) Note:BLQ: Below Level of Quantification, LOQ: Limit Of Quantification, BDL: Below Detectable Limit, DL: Detectable Limit, NTU: Nephelometric Turbidity Unit, mg/l: Milligrams per Liter.
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3.10.1.1 Results and Discussions
Summary of analytical results are presented below:
All the ground water analytical results are compared with IS 10500:2012, drinking water standards. The pH of the collected ground water sample ranged from 7.09 to 8.37 which are within the acceptable limit of IS 10500:2012. The concentrations of fluoride in the collected ground water sample ranged from 0.19 to 0.57 mg/l which are well within the acceptable limit of IS 10500:2012. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) value of the collected ground water sample varied from 226 mg/l to 1582 mg/l, where TDS value of some of the samples exceeds the acceptable limits but TDS values of all the collected ground water samples are within the permissible limits of IS 10500: 2012. Total hardness of the collected ground water sample ranged from 125 mg/l to 583 mg/l, where Total Hardness value of most samples exceeds the acceptable limits but all are within the permissible limits of IS 10500: 2012. The Total alkalinity as calcium carbonate, Magnesium and Chloride are well within the permissible limits of IS 10500:2012. Sulphate content of the collected ground water samples ranged from 28.76 to 175.17 mg/l, which is well below the acceptable limit of IS 10500:2012. Most of the heavy metals concentrations in the collected ground water samples are below the limit of quantification and all are well within the limits prescribed by IS 10500:2012.
3.11 Soil as a resource and its quality
Soils have been classified into 1) Sandy soil 2) Sandy loam 3) Red loam 4) Clay 5) Clayey loam and 6) Black cotton soils. The red loamy soils are generally observed at the highest elevations whereas the black cotton soils invariably occupy the valley areas. Other types of soils are found at Intermediate elevations.
3.11.1 Soil quality
In order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land use categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Eight (08) locations in the study area. Soil analysis was carried as per IS: 2720 methods. Soil quality monitoring locations
128 | P a g e M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report are given in Table 3-19 and the results are given in Table 3-19. Map showing the soil monitoring locations is given as Figure 3-17.
Table 3-19 Soil Quality monitoring locations
Location Code Location Distance (Km) w.r.t project site Direction S1 Project Site - S2 Ammur 2.62 NE S3 Walajapet 4.53 SSE S4 Arcot 6.37 SSW S5 Karai 4.01 SW S6 Tanthaiperiyarnagar 2.81 SW S7 Ranipet- SIPCOT 4.98 W S8 Kalpudur 3.98 NNW
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Figure 3-22Map showing soil monitoring locations
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Table 3-20 Soil monitoring results
Tanthaiperiyarna Ranipet - Project site Ammur Walajapet Arcot Karai Kalpudur S. No Parameters Units gar SIPCOT S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 - Sandy Clay Sandy Sandy Clay 1 Soil Texture Clay Clay Loam Sandy Clay Loam Clay Clay Loam Loam Loam 2 Sand % 52.4 42.5 78.2 68.4 44.26 60.2 42.4 42.4 3 Silt % 10.4 8.3 9.4 9.2 25.54 8.3 10.2 5.4 4 Clay % 37.2 49.2 12.4 22.4 30.20 31.5 47.4 52.2 5 pH - 6.22 5.1 7.24 6.92 7.1 7.06 7.24 6.08 6 Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 94 69.9 110.3 77 82.24 90.34 70 88.2 7 Infiltration Rate cm/hr 32.0 33.0 30.0 19.0 27.0 18.0 28.0 16.0 8 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.22 1.32 1.24 1.28 1.4 1.28 1.36 1.3 9 Cation Exchange Capacity meq/100 gm 18.9 25.6 6.3 11.5 15.9 16.3 25.1 26.8 10 Moisture content % 5.5 3.26 2.48 2.33 2.3 4.82 5.4 2.4 11 Water Holding Capacity % 20.1 19.8 22.4 22.3 20.9 24.5 21.4 23.7 12 Organic Carbon % 0.160 0.540 0.040 0.160 0.420 0.350 0.820 0.380 13 Organic matter % 0.28 0.93 0.07 0.28 0.72 0.60 1.41 0.66 14 Nitrogen as N mg/kg 154 301.97 138 154 400 342 561.65 372 15 Phosphorus mg/kg 40.28 36.2 17.47 15.54 39.26 29.54 40.04 46.69 16 Potassium mg/kg 160 94 180 170 154 140 172 120 17 Calcium mg/kg 121.45 268.59 207.52 174.19 266.16 105.56 285.98 163.80 18 Magnesium mg/kg 75 49 96 158 122 120.08 200 90 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 19 Boron mg/kg (DL0.1) (DL0.1 (DL0.1) (DL0.1) (DL0.1) (DL0.1) (DL0.1) (DL0.1) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 20 Cadmium mg/kg (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) (LOQ 0.1) 21 Chromium mg/kg 95.59 21.64 20.29 4.17 9.08 6.78 8.57 8.99 22 Copper mg/kg 10.26 21.64 15.29 5.28 6.29 7.91 7.19 6.68 23 Iron mg/kg 14061.57 24147.17 20947.49 16144.47 10851.02 15209.49 11300.54 10349.56 24 Manganese mg/kg 77.26 153.05 139.83 24.47 54.22 43.99 35.93 41.93 25 Zinc mg/kg 19.58 14.78 5.62 6.95 3.25 1.49 4.37 7.27 Note: % -Percent, mg/kg - Milligrams per kilogram, cm/hr - Centimetres per hour, gm/cc - Grams per Cubic Centimeter, μs/cm-microsiemens/centimeter, meq/100g-milliequivalents per 100 grams, BDL – Below Detectable Limit, DL – Detectable Limit, BLQ – Below Limit of Quantification, LOQ – Limit of Quantification
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3.11.2 Results and Discussion
The pH of the soil samples ranged from 5.1 – 7.24 indicating that the soil is slightly acidic to neutral in nature. Conductivity of the soil samples ranged from 70 – 110.3 μS/cm. As the EC value is less than 2000 μS/cm, the soil is found to be non-saline in nature Nitrogen content in the collected soil samples ranges from 138 mg/kg to 561.65 mg/kg. Phosphorous content in the collected soil samples ranges from 15.54 mg/kg to 46.69 mg/kg. Potassium content in the collected soil samples ranges from 94 mg/kg to 180 mg/kg.
3.12 Biological Environment
Study of biological environment is one of the most important aspect for Environmental Impact Assessment, in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and biodiversity. Generally, biological communities are the good indicators of climatic and edaphic factors. Studies on biological aspects of ecosystems are important in Environmental Impact Assessment for safety of natural flora and fauna information on the impact of environmental stress on community structure serves as an inexpensive and efficient early warning system to check the damage to a particular ecosystem. The biological environment includes mainly terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem. The study of terrestrial ecology within the study area of 10 Km radius was carried out through field investigation as well as Secondary data collected. Detailed Biological report attached as Annexure 21.
3.12.1 Flora
This section describes terrestrial ecology of the area based on reconnaissance survey and information gathered from secondary data available for the area. List of flora reported/observed in the study area is given in Table 3-21.
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Table 3-21List of flora observed/reported in the study area
S. No Botanical Name Family Name Common Name IUCN status Tree 1 Embilica officinalis Phyllanthaceae Toppi NA 2 Albizia amara Fabaceae Usilai NA 3 Albizia lebbeck Fabaceae Siridam NA 4 Syzygium cumini Mytraceae Naval NA 5 Terminalia catappa Combretaceae Nattuvadumai NA 6 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Mamaram DD 7 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Murungai NA 8 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Veppai LC 9 Ficus religiosa Moraceae Arasa maram NA 10 Cocos nucifera Arecaceae Tennai NA 11 Borassus flabellifer Arecaceae Talam NA 12 Peltophorum pterocarpum Fabaceae yellow flametree NA 13 Prosopis juliflora Fabaceae Mulmaram NA 14 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae Ashoka maram NA 15 Acacia auriculiformis Fabaceae Australian wattle LC 16 Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Fabaceae Mallam Konnai NA 17 Albizia falcataria Mimosaceae -- NA 18 Pithecellobium dulce Fabaceae Kodukapuli - 19 Ficus hispida Moraceae Pei-atthi NA 20 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Vilva maram NA 21 Couroupita guianensis Lecythidaceae Naagalingam LC 22 Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae Savukku NA 23 Senna auriculata Fabaceae Avaarai NA 24 Gliricidia sepium Fabaceae Vivasaaya Thegarai NA Herb 25 Solanum trilobatum Nightshade Thoodhuvalai NA 26 Crotolaria verrucose legume Salangaichedi DD 27 Barringtonia acutangula Lecythidaceae Samudra Pazham LC 28 Abutilon indicum Mallows Thuthi NA 29 Abrus precatorius Legumes Kundumani DD 30 Asparagus racemosus Asparagaceae Thannir-vittan LC Grass 31 Digitaria bicornis Poaceae Menmaiyana kutai pul DD 32 Chloris montana Poaceae - LC 33 Heteropogan contortus Poaceae - LC 34 Saccharum officinarum poaceae Karumpu LC 35 Cynodon dactylon poaceae Arugambil LC Shrub 36 Calatropis gigantea Apocynaceae Erukku NA 37 Cascabela thevetia Apocynaceae Pachaiyalari NA 38 Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae Irumpaalai NA Creeper
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39 Clitoria ternatea Fabaceae - NA 40 Diplocyclos palmatus Cucurbitaceae Aivirali NA 41 Hemidesmus indicus Apocynaceae - NA 42 Gloriousa superba Colchicaceae Kallappai Kilangu LC
LC- Least Concern, NT- near Threatened, EN- Endangered, NA-Not yet assessed, DD -Data Deficient, VU-Vulnerable, IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Source: https://www.tntreepedia.com/location-result/?id=Vellore
3.12.2 Fauna
For the documentation of the faunal biodiversity of the study area with respect to wild mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and insect species a baseline survey was conducted in the study area. Domestic – The domestic animals are mainly mammals like Cow, Goat, Cat, Dog etc. found commonly in the study area.
Wild Animals – Since the natural forests constitute less portion of the forest area wildlife does not offer a wide spectrum of species. Some reptiles and amphibians can also be seen with a number of bird species. List of fauna and avifauna reported/observed in the study area is given in Table 3-22. Table 3-22 List of Fauna observed/reported in the study area S.No Botanical Name Family Name Common Name IUCN Amphibia 1 Bufo melanostictus Bufonidae Toad LC 2 Hyla arborea Hylidae Tree frog LC 3 Rana cyanophlyctis Bufonidae Frog LC 4 Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Bufonidae Bull Frog LC Mammals 1 Bandicota bengalensis Muridae Sind Rice Rat LC 2 Cynopterus sphinx Megabat Short-nosed Fruit Bat LC 3 Funambulus palmaram Sciuridae Three striped palm Squirrel LC 4 Herpestes edwardii Herpestidae Indian Grey Mongoose LC 5 Rattus norvegicus Muridae Field mouse LC 6 Felis chaus Felidae Jungle cat NA 7 Canis aureus Canidae Jackal NA 8 Helogale hirtula Herpestidae Mangoose NA 9 Anathana ellioti Tupaiidae Madras treeshrew LC Reptiles 1 Ahaetulla nasuta Colubridae Pachai pambu LC 2 Bungarus fasciatus Elapidae Banded Krait LC 3 Calotes ellioti Agamidae Elliot's Forest Lizard LC 4 Chameleo zeylanicus Chamaeleonidae Indian chameleon LC
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5 Eryx johnii Boidae Indian sand boa LC 6 Daboia russelii Viperidae Kannadi Viriyan LC Butterfly 1 Graphium agamemnos Papilionidae Tailed jay NA 2 Hypolimnas bolina Nymphalidae Great egg fly NA 3 Junoria almanac Nymphalidae Peacock pansy LC 4 Pachliopta hector Lin. Papilionidae Crimson rose NA 5 Papilio demoleu Papilionidae Lime butterfly NA Birds 1 Ardea purpurea Ardeidae Purple Heron LC 2 Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae Common Kingfisher LC 3 Athene brama Strigidae Spotted Owlet LC 4 Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae Cattle egret LC 5 Centropus sinensis Cuculidae Crow Pheasant LC 6 Chloropsis aurifrons Chloropseidae Golden-fronted Leafbird LC 7 Clamator jacobinus Cuculidae Pied Crested Cuckoo LC 8 Copsychus saularis Muscicapidae Magpie robin LC 9 Dicrurus paradiseus Dicruridae Racket tailed drongo LC 10 Dicrurus adsimilis Dicruridae King Crow LC 11 Egretta garzetta Ardeidae Little egret LC 12 Elanus caeruleus Accipitridae Kite LC 13 Francolinus pondicerianus Phasianidae Grey Francolin LC 14 Galerida cristata Alaudidae Crested Lark LC 15 Gallus sonneratii Phasianidae Grey jungle fowl LC 16 Motacilla maderaspatensis Motacillidae Large pied Wagtail LC 17 Nectarinia asiatica Nectariniidae Purple Sun Bird LC 18 Pavo cristatus Phasianidae Indian Peafowl LC 20 Psittacula krameri Psittacidae Rose ringed Parakeet LC 21 Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae Red vented Bulbul LC 22 Spilornis cheela Accipitridae Crested Serpent-eagle LC 24 G. sonneratii Phasianidae Grey jungle fowl NA 25 Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae Myna NA 26 Accipiter badius Accipitridae Shikra NA 27 Alauda gulgula Alaudidae Oriental Sky Lark NA 28 Bubo bengalensis Strigidae Indian Eagle Owl NA 29 Corvus splendens Corvidae House Crow NA 30 Dendrocitta vagabunda Corvidae Rufous Treepie NA 31 Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae Black Drongo NA 32 Eudynamys scolopacea Cuculidae Asian Koel NA 33 Perdicula asiatica Phasianidae Jungle bush quail LC
Note: LC- Least Concern, NT- near Threatened, EN- Endangered, NA-Not yet assessed, DD -Data Deficient, VU-Vulnerable, IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
Source:https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/list
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3.13 Socio economic status
Vellore district was ranked 3rd in terms of the highest population in Tamil Nadu State. The population of the district is 39,36,331 which comprise of 19,61,688 male and 19,74,643 female populations.
Source:http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3304_PART_A_DCHB_VELLORE.pdf
3.13.1 Socio Economic Aspects [
A socio-economic study was undertaken in assessing aspects which are dealing with social and cultural conditions, and economic status in the study area. The study provides information such as demographic structure, population dynamics, infrastructure resources, and the status of human health and economic attributes like employment, per-capita income, agriculture, trade, and industrial development in the study area. The study of these characteristic helps in identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts on socio-economic and parameters of human interest due to proposed project developments. The parameters are: Demographic structure Infrastructure Facility Economic Status Health status Cultural attributes Awareness and opinion of people about the project and Industries in the area. Table 3-23 provides the certain important social indicators of Vellore district in Tamil Nadu. Table 3-23 Social Indicators S.No Social Indicators Vellore 1 Decadal variation % 13.2 2 Urban population % 43.2 3 Sex ratio 1007 4 0-6 age group % 10.35 5 Population density (Persons per square Km) 648 6 Scheduled caste population % 21.85 7 Scheduled tribe population % 1.85 8 Literacy rate % 79.17 10 Main Workers % 34.55 11 Marginal Workers % 8.36 12 Cultivators % 10.37 13 Agricultural labourers % 23.20 14 Workers in household industries % 8.08 15 Other workers % 58.36
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Source:http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3304_PART_A_DCHB_VELLORE.p df
3.13.1.1 Population and Household Size [
The population of the district is 39,36,331 which comprise of 19,61,688 male and 19,74,643 female populations. Rural population in Vellore district is2,234,344and urban population is 1,701,987.Total numbers of households in the Vellore district is926,999. Source: http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3304_PART_A_DCHB_VELLORE.pdf
3.13.1.2 Sex Ratio [
As per 2011 Census there are 996 females for every 1,000 males in Vellore district. The sex ratio of 0-6 age group is 944 for district. Source: http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3304_PART_A_DCHB_VELLORE.pdf
3.13.1.3 Scheduled Caste (SC) & Scheduled Tribes (ST)
Vellore district has Scheduled Caste population of 860212which accounts for 21.85 % of total population of the district. It has Scheduled Tribe Population of 72955 which accounts for 1.85% of total population of the district. Source: http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3304_PART_A_DCHB_VELLORE.pdf
3.13.1.4 Education & Literacy
The study of the education and literacy profile in the region is relevant in order to have an understanding whether the proposed project can utilize skilled human resources available within the area. According to 2011 census data, the literacy rate in the Vellore district is 79.17 %. The literacy rate has been the major determinant of the rise or fall of the other indicators. The accessibility of Primary and Upper Primary education has increased the literacy rate as well as reducing the dropout rate. Table 3-24 shows the details of education infrastructures. Table 3-24 Educational Infrastructures
Total schools Rural Schools Type of school Government Private Government Private Primary 1439 660 1307 401 Primary + Upper Primary 460 84 410 44 P + UP+ Secondary + Higher Secondary 13 122 8 68 UP only 0 1 0 1
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UP + Secondary + Higher Secondary 175 63 138 11 P + UP + Secondary 13 79 11 55 UP + Secondary 174 25 166 15 (Source:District Information Systems on Education (DISE report card 2016-17))
3.13.1.5 Health Facilities
Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Health Sub-centres (HSCs) are providing the preventive, curative and rehabilitative health care services to the rural people. The district has good number of public health systems accessible and affordable apart from the private health facilities. The Health Facilities given in Table 3-25. Table 3-25 Socio economic analysis: Health care Name of the District Type SC PHC CHC SDH DH Total Public 455 104 20 13 1 593 Vellore Private 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total 455 104 21 13 1 594 (Note: SC (Sub Center), PHC (Primary Health Center), CHC (Community Health Center), SDH (Sub District Hospital), DH (District Hospital) (Source:National Health Mission, as on April 24, 2019)
3.13.1.6 Economic Activity & Livelihood Pattern
The relevance of economic activity and livelihood pattern is important in the context of the Study. Depending on the existing situation one can predict the impact of the project activity on the economy of the region. The total land area (rural) of Vellore district is 425900.7 Ha. In Vellore district, as per the Census 2011, there were a total of 16,89,330 workers, comprising 1,75,108 cultivators, 3,91,955 agricultural labourers, 1,36,415 house hold Industry workers, 9,85,852 other workers. Source: http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3304_PART_A_DCHB_VELLORE.pdf
3.13.2 Social Economic Profile of the study area [
The villages and towns covering less than 10 km radius from the boundary of the project site are taken for the study. Table 3-26 Shows the list of locations which comes under the study area. Table 3-27 shows the socio-economic indicators within the study area. Table 3-26 List of villages in the study area S. No Location S. No Location 0-5 km 1. Ammoor 2. Ranipettai 3. Chettithagal 4. Vanapadi 5. Chithathoor 6. Lalapettai 7. Kalmelkuppam 8. Velam 9. Maniyambattu 10. Pinii
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S. No Location S. No Location 5-10 km 11. Walajapet 12. Narasingapuram 13. Navlock garden 14. Arcot 15. Tajpura 16. Ammanathangal 17. Anandhalai 18. Bagaveli 19. Chennesadram 20. Ekambaranellur 21. Gudimallur 22. Jambukulam 23. Katharikuppam 24. Kattarampakkam 25. Kesavanankuppam 26. Kolatheri 27. Mangadu 28. Marudalam 29. Marudampakkam 30. Muppaduvetti 31. Musiri 32. Ozhughur 33. Padiyampakkam 34. Poongodu 35. Sekkadikuppam 36. Sembarayanallore 37. Sengalnatham 38. Sikarajapuram 39. Sripadanallore 40. Thagarakuppam 41. Thalangai 42. Thalanur 43. Thengal 44. Thirumalaicheri 45. Valluvambakkam 46. Veppalai 47. Vanghur 48. sengadu
Table 3-27 Summary of Socio-economic indicators within the study area
Study area S.No Particulars Unit 0-5 Km 5-10 Km 1 Number of villages in the Study Area 7 33 Nos. 2 Number of Towns in the Study Area 4 5 Nos. 3 Total Households 10643 43099 Nos. 4 Total Population 44332 175333 Nos. 5 SC Population 8393 30000 Nos. 6 ST Population 2214 1066 Nos. 7 Total Working Population 18171 74635 Nos. 8 Main Workers 16045 62193 Nos. 9 Marginal Workers 2488 12442 Nos. 10 Cultivators 2872 7450 Nos. 11 Agricultural labours 3126 13720 Nos. 12 Household Industries 1653 3565 Nos. 13 Other Workers 13043 49945 Nos. 14 Literates 29479 126305 Nos. (Source:Census 2011) A walk-through survey was conducted by visiting rural place within the 10 km radius. While doing so, many interactions with various people like farmers, women, labours, teachers, health workers, etc. were conducted.
3.13.2.1 Employment and Livelihood within study area The summary of employment and livelihood within the study area is given in Table 3-28.
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Table 3-28 Summary of Employment and Livelihood within the study area Study Area S.NO Type of workers 0-5 Km 5-10 Km Main Marginal Main Marginal 1 Cultivators 2437 435 6783 667 2 Agri. Laborers 2504 622 9563 4157 3 Household Industries 1533 120 2602 963 4 Others 11778 1265 43290 6655 (Source:Census 2011)
3.13.2.2 Educational Infrastructure within study area The district has good primary and secondary education infrastructure in urban and rural areas. The people around the study area are well connected to educational infrastructure. The educational facilities within the study area are summarized in Table 3-29. Table 3-29 Details of Education facilities within study area Numbers S. No Type of School 0-5 Km 5-10 Km 1 Government Pre-Primary school 15 60 2 Private Pre-Primary school 4 16 3 Government Primary school 12 73 4 Private Primary school 3 10 5 Government Middle school 5 29 6 Private Middle school 0 4 7 Government Secondary school 2 7 8 Private Secondary school 0 2 9 Government Senior Secondary school 1 2 10 Private Senior Secondary school 0 0 (Source:Census 2011)
Table 3-30 shows the literates population and the percentage within the study area.
Table 3-30 Literates population and the percentage within the study area
Sl. No Name Total Population Literates Population % Literates 0-5 Km 1 Ammoor (TP) 12513 8982 71.78 2 Ranipettai (M) 50764 41117 81 3 Chettithangal (CT) 7780 5714 73.44 4 Vanapadi (CT) 5334 3860 72.37 5 Chithathoor 801 570 71.76 6 Lalapettai 4264 2979 69.86 7 Kalmelkuppam 5203 3798 73 8 Velam 6247 4407 70.55 9 Maniyambattu 5258 4199 79.86
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Sl. No Name Total Population Literates Population % Literates 10 Manthangal 2905 358 12.32 11 Pinji 902 94 10.42 5-10 Km 1 Walajapet (M + OG) 47498 35991 75.77 2 Narasingapuram (CT) 11454 9053 79.04 3 Navlock Garden (CT) 20171 15775 78.21 4 Arcot(M) 55955 44382 79.32 5 Tajpura (CT) 8075 5804 71.88 6 Ammananthangal 4221 3339 79.10 7 Anandhalai 8365 5920 70.77 8 Bagaveli 1456 951 65.32 9 Chennesamudram 3201 2140 66.85 10 Ekambaranellur 1933 1281 66.27 11 Gudimallur 1968 1207 61.33 12 Jambukulam 3301 2196 66.53 13 Katharikuppam 1213 366 30.17 14 Kattarampakkam 2105 1466 69.64 15 KesavananKuppam 1169 858 73.40 16 Kolatheri 936 614 65.60 17 Mangadu 3659 2582 70.57 18 Marudalam 4702 3119 66.33 19 Marudampakkam 2085 1391 66.71 20 Muppaduvetti 4162 3082 74.05 21 Musiri 1397 995 71.22 22 Ozhughur 3596 2481 68.99 23 Padiyampakkam 2197 1190 54.16 24 Poongodu 349 278 79.66 25 Sekkadikuppam 959 563 58.71 26 Sembarayanallore 2265 1735 76.60 27 Sengalnatham 2535 1505 59.37 28 Sikarajapuram 5541 4335 78.23 29 Sripadanallore 663 514 77.53 30 Thagarakuppam 2810 1589 56.55 31 Thalangai 2510 1697 67.61 32 Thalanur 4570 2999 65.62 33 Thengal 1586 1046 65.95 34 Thirumalaicheri 2269 1666 73.42 35 Valluvambakkam 3442 2453 71.27
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Sl. No Name Total Population Literates Population % Literates 36 Veppalai 1826 1210 66.27 37 Vanghur 4112 2578 62.69 38 Sengadu 4721 2880 61.00 (Source:Census 2011)
3.13.2.3 Health facility within the study area The majority of people visit nearby Hospitals/health services provided by the Government. The area has got good public health facilities at easily reachable distances. There was no major health issues reported in our survey. Even for any minor ailments they contact medical facilities immediately as it is very accessible to them. The local transport facilities and the communication facilities are the main reasons to get immediate medical attention. The incidents of institutional delivery are high due to awareness, education, economic development, proximity to health delivery system. The Infant mortality rate and the maternal mortality rate have significantly reduced. The health facilities within the study area are given in Table 3-31. Table 3-31 Health facility within the study area Numbers S. No Type 0-5 Km 5-10 Km 1 Community health centre 1 0 2 Primary health centre 1 2 3 Primary health sub-centre 5 26 4 Maternity and Child Welfare Centre 1 6 5 TB hospital/Clinic 1 2 6 Hospital Allopathic 0 0 7 Hospital Alternative Medicine 0 0 8 Dispensary 1 2 9 Veterinary hospital 0 3 10 Mobile health clinic 0 0 11 Family Welfare Centre 1 2 (Source: Census 2011)
3.13.2.4 Drinking water facilities within the study area We found that in all the villages, the drinking water connectivity is well established. The bore wells and piped water are main sources of drinking water. Table 3-32 shows the drinking sources in the study area.
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Table 3-32 Drinking water sources in the study area
Tap Water- Tap Water Covered Uncovered Tube Others Hand Pump Spring River/Canal Tank/Pond/L Treated Untreated Well Well Wells/Borehole (Status S. NO Name (Status (Status (Status ake (Status (Status (Status (Status (Status (Status A(1)/NA( A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) 2)) 0-5 Km 1 Chithathoor 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Lalapettai 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 Kalmelkuppam 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 Velam 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 5 Chithathoor 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 Maniyambattu 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 7 Manthangal 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 8 Pinji 1 1 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 1 9 Chithathoor 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 Lalapettai 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 11 Kalmelkuppam 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 5-10 Km Ammananthan 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 gal 2 Anandhalai 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 Bagaveli 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 Chennesamud 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 ram Ekambaranell 5 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 ur 6 Gudimallur 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 7 Jambukulam 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 Katharikuppa 8 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 m Kattarampakk 9 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 am KesavananKu 10 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ppam 11 Kolatheri 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 12 Mangadu 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 13 Marudalam 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
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Tap Water- Tap Water Covered Uncovered Tube Others Hand Pump Spring River/Canal Tank/Pond/L Treated Untreated Well Well Wells/Borehole (Status S. NO Name (Status (Status (Status ake (Status (Status (Status (Status (Status (Status A(1)/NA( A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) A(1)/NA(2)) 2)) Marudampakk 14 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 am 15 Muppaduvetti 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 16 Musiri 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 17 Ozhughur 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 18 Padiyampakka 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 m 19 Poongodu 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 Sekkadikuppa 20 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 m Sembarayanal 21 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 lore 22 Sengalnatham 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 23 Sikarajapuram 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 24 Sripadanallore 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Thagarakuppa 25 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 m 26 Thalangai 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 27 Thalanur 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 28 Thengal 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Thirumalaicher 29 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 i Valluvambakk 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 am 31 Veppalai 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 32 Vanghur 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 33 Sengadu 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 Note: A – Available; NA – Not Available (Source: Census 2011)
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3.13.2.5 Summary The Socioeconomic profile of the study area shows that the majority of people in the study area work in non-agricultural sector. They have good educational infrastructures and the people in the study area are well connected to the educational infrastructures. The average literacy rate of the study area is 69.03 % which is less than the district literacy rate of 84.5 %. The people in the study area are well connected to Government primary health centres and Primary health sub- centres and also they have emergency ambulance service “108” which active all over the state.
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Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
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4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
4.1 Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse. It aims to predict environmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the predictions and options to decision-makers. By using EIA both environmental and economic benefits can be achieved, such as reduced cost and time of project implementation and design, avoided treatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws and regulations. The main purpose of identifying the impacts is that it helps in adopting appropriate mitigation measures for the adverse consequences if any. The impacts on the environmental indices viz. air, water, soil, noise, biological and socioeconomic conditions are scrutinized methodically and assessed.
The most likely impacts on the environment due to the proposed project need to be appraised during the two different phases of the project namely pre-operation/construction phase and operation phase. The particulars on impacts that could be triggered on the environmental attributes by the activities of the proposed project are discussed below.
4.2 Construction phase
Impact assessment during the construction phase of the project is of importance as the construction activities lead to adverse effects on the environment on a short-term basis. The major activities that are undertaken during this phase are civil works, mechanical works, machinery works and transportation works.
4.3 Operation phase
From an environmental perspective, this phase is of paramount significance due to its potential to invoke long-term impacts. The adverse effects that are likely to occur during this operational phase of the project are: Air Pollution (gaseous emissions), Effluent generation, Noise generation, Solid waste generation etc.
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4.3.1 Land environment
The proposed expansion is for products only and no additional area is required for expansion. Hence there will not be any change in land use pattern of the surrounding area.
The sewage generated will be treated in STP and recycled for green belt. The industrial effluent will be treated in Neutralization Tank and MEE. Salts from MEE will be sent to TSDF and condensate will be recycled to boiler, cooling tower by maintaining ZLD (Zero Liquid Discharge), hence there will be no discharge on land premises.
4.3.2 Soil environment
4.3.2.1 Impacts
During operational phase, there will be chances of soil contamination due to improper working of machineries or during transportation of raw materials or finished products. Spillage of chemicals during loading, unloading and transfer, leakage of pumps etc. Impact on soil environment may be due to solid waste disposal and hazardous waste storage and handling.
4.3.2.2 Mitigation Measures
Since the proposed expansion will be carried out within the existing premises, there will not be any change in soil quality of the area. Regular maintenance of plant machineries will be carried out and proper care will be taken while loading, unloading and transfer of materials to avoid any soil contamination. Regular maintenance of Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE) to ensure efficient operation. Domestic wastewater is being disposed of in septic tank and the same practice will be followed for the proposed expansion project. The hazardous waste generated is stored and handled as per the Hazardous and Other wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules 2016and the same practice will be followed for the proposed expansion project.
4.3.3 Air Environment
Base line data reveals that ambient air quality in the study area for the Parameters PM10, PM2.5
SO2 & NOX, are well within the permissible Limits as prescribed by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Industrial Area, Residential, Rural & Other areas.
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Utility requirements will be met by Diesel Generator and wood-fired Boiler, which contribute primarily to emissions of Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen.
4.3.3.1 Meteorological data
The meteorological data for the monitoring period, i.e. from 15/01/2019 to 30/04/2019 was considered for the study. Data included for AERMET were daily wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, precipitation, and solar radiation recorded during the period. AERMET reformats meteorological data so that it can be used as input for AERMOD model. Meteorology considered for modelling is shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1Wind rose diagram for the zone (15th Jan, 2019 – 30th April, 2019)
4.3.3.2 AERMET process
For the 3 phase AERMET processing of the meteorological data, specifications of the land use in the area are required to determine the terrain roughness for modelling. The land use was characterized for in and around the site. The surface characteristics for the site and
149 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report surroundings were selected and used to calculate the Albedo, Bowen ratio and surface roughness parameters.
4.3.3.3 AERMOD process
AERMOD Software Version 8.0.5 was used for air dispersion modelling and is applicable to a wide range of buoyant or neutrally buoyant emissions up to a range of 50 km. In addition to more straight forward cases, AERMOD is also suitable for complex terrain and urban dispersion scenarios.
AERMOD is a steady-state plume model. In the stable boundary layer (SBL), it assumes the concentration distribution to be Gaussian in both the vertical and horizontal. In the convective boundary layer (CBL), the horizontal distribution is also assumed to be Gaussian, but the vertical distribution is described with a bi-Gaussian probability density function (pdf). This behavior of the concentration distributions in the CBL was demonstrated by Willis and Deardorff (1981) and Briggs (1993). Additionally, in the CBL, AERMOD treats “plume lofting,” whereby a portion of plume mass, released from a buoyant source, rises to and remains near the top of the boundary layer before becoming mixed into the CBL. AERMOD also tracks any plume mass that penetrates into the elevated stable layer, and then allows it to re-enter the boundary layer when and if appropriate. For sources in both the CBL and the SBL AERMOD treats the enhancement of lateral dispersion resulting from plume meander.
The controlled emissions from stacks are estimated and used for the air dispersion modeling as shown in Table 4-1. Maximum incremental values for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX have been represented as pictorial concentration contours and as tabular concentration values in following sections.
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Table 4-1 Existing stack emission details
Stack Details Emission per stack (g/s) Exit Source Fuel used No of Height Dia Temp Velocity PM SO2 NOx Stack (m) AGL (m) (°C) (m/s) Boiler Fire Wood 5TPH x 1 1 20 0.3 150 10 0.03 0.014 0.04 2.5TPD No Diesel DG x 1 No 0.4 KL per 1 5 0.15 250 9 0.0296 0.0276 0.418 Month Total Emission (g/s) 0.06 0.042 0.458
Table 4-2 Proposed stack emission details
Stack Details Emission per stack (g/s)
S.No Stack details (°K) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX Height (m) Height (m) Dia. Exit Velocity (m/s) Temp Boiler 6.188E- 9.596E 1 20 0.4 8.2 399 3.713E-03 1.569E-02 (Wood) 03 -03 Diesel 1.926E- 2.037E 1.155E-05 3.241E-04 2 Generator 4 0.14 14.3 427 05 -05 200KVA Process 3 Stack- Wet 6 0.12 3.5 302 - - - - Scrubber
Note:
1. The Stack emissions test results have been attached as Annexure 19. 2. The scrubber efficiency is 90%. Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds, Hydrochloric Acid and Sulfuric Acid from the process stack are well controlled to Below the Limit of Quantification (BLQ).
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Figure 4-2Predicted 24-Hrs GLC’s of PM10within 10 km Radius of the Study Area
Table 4-3Estimated Top 10 Highest Concentrations of PM10 Obtained Through Modeling UTM coordinates (m) Distance from Conc. Direction from S.NO Centre of Sources Latitude (E) Longitude (N) (µg/m3) Source Centre (Km) 1 318206.3 1435761 0.01779 2.81 NW 2 316206.3 1438751 0.01446 6.31 NW 3 323206.3 1434765 0.01348 3.14 ENE 4 316206.3 1437754 0.01314 5.58 NW 5 322206.3 1434765 0.01311 2.31 ENE 6 323206.3 1433768 0.01238 2.97 E 7 324206.3 1433768 0.01124 3.96 E 8 317206.3 1436758 0.01113 4.18 NW 9 319206.3 1432772 0.01096 1.40 SW 10 322206.3 1433768 0.00999 1.98 E 152 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
Figure 4-3Predicted 24-Hrs GLC’s of PM2.5 within 10 km Radius of the Study Area
Table 4-4Estimated Top 10 Highest Concentrations of PM2.5 Obtained Through Modeling Distance from UTM coordinates (m) Conc. Direction from S. No Center of Sources (µg/m3) Source Center E N (Km) 1. 318206.3 1435761 0.01068 2.81 NW 2. 316206.3 1438751 0.00868 6.31 NW 3. 323206.3 1434765 0.00809 3.14 ENE 4. 316206.3 1437754 0.00789 5.58 NW 5. 322206.3 1434765 0.00787 2.31 ENE 6. 323206.3 1433768 0.00743 2.97 E 7. 324206.3 1433768 0.00675 3.96 E 8. 317206.3 1436758 0.00668 4.18 NW 9. 319206.3 1432772 0.00658 1.40 SW
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10. 322206.3 1433768 0.00599 1.98 E
Figure 4-4Predicted 24-Hrs GLC’s of SO2 within 10 km Radius of the Study Area
Table 4-5Estimated Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide Obtained Through Modeling
UTM coordinates (m) Conc. Distance from Direction from S. No 3 E N (µg/m ) Centre of IP (~Km) Centre of IP 1. 318206.3 1435761 0.02758 2.81 NW 2. 316206.3 1438751 0.02243 6.31 NW 3. 323206.3 1434765 0.02086 3.14 ENE 4. 316206.3 1437754 0.02038 5.58 NW 5. 322206.3 1434765 0.02029 2.31 ENE 6. 323206.3 1433768 0.01916 2.97 E 154 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
7. 324206.3 1433768 0.01741 3.96 E 8. 317206.3 1436758 0.01724 4.18 NW 9. 319206.3 1432772 0.01696 1.40 SW 10. 322206.3 1433768 0.01543 1.98 E
Figure 4-5Predicted24-Hrs’ GLC’s of NOx within 10 km Radius of the Study Area
Table 4-6Estimated Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Oxides of Nitrogen Obtained through Modeling Distance from UTM coordinates (m) Conc. Direction from S. No Center of Sources (µg/m3) Source Center E N (Km) 1. 318206.3 1435761 0.04544 2.81 NW 2. 320206.3 1433768 0.0383 0 3. 316206.3 1438751 0.03667 6.31 NW 4. 323206.3 1434765 0.03529 3.14 ENE 5. 322206.3 1434765 0.03423 2.31 ENE 155 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
6. 316206.3 1437754 0.03335 5.58 NW 7. 323206.3 1433768 0.03247 2.97 E 8. 324206.3 1433768 0.02928 3.96 E 9. 319206.3 1432772 0.02892 1.40 SW 10. 317206.3 1436758 0.02856 4.18 NW
4.3.3.4 Conclusion
Maximum pollutant concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx observed due to proposed expansion for a 24hr-average period have been studied. The total increase in air pollutant concentrations above baseline status to estimate the percentage increase and summarized in Table 4-7. Table 4-7 Total Maximum GLC’s from the Stack Emission Predicted Distance % contribution in Maximum Total Direction Conc. at NAAQ from Existing Pollutant Conc. Conc. from source standard Center of Concentration (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Source (µg/m3) Source Levels
PM10 84.5 0.0177 84.5177 100 3.2 NNE 0.021 PM2.5 32 0.0106 32.0106 60 3.2 NNE 0.033 SO2 14.8 0.0275 14.8275 80 3.2 NNE 0.186 NOx 28.2 0.0454 28.2454 80 3.2 NNE 0.161
4.3.4 Impacts due to Traffic and Transportation The vehicular movement for the proposed project is given in Table 4-8.
Table 4-8 Existing & proposed vehicular movement per hour
Total Existing vehicles PCU Total PCU Proposed S. Type of vehicles Existin Propose after Factors after project vehicles No Vehicle trips/ g PCU d PCU project IRC (SP implementati trips/ Day Day implementa 41) on tion 1 Cars 51 51 10 10 61 1 61 2 2 wheelers 346 173 25 12.5 371 0.5 185.5 3 3 Wheeler 52 41.6 15 12 67 0.8 53.6 4 Truck / Lorry 49 171.5 13 45.5 67 3.5 217 Total 498 437.1 63 80 561 5.8 517.1
Based on the traffic for the proposed project, the expected LOS due to the project is given in Table 4-9. 156 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
Table 4-9Traffic Volume after Implementation of the Project
For the Volume of Road Capacity LOS Volume (V) V/C Ratio Traffic Classification Road Traffic (C) Category* Existing 498 437.1 3600 0.121 A Free Traffic Flow Proposed 63 80 3600 0.022 A Free Traffic Flow Total 561 517.1 - 0.143 A Free Traffic Flow *LOS categories are A-Free Flow, B- Reasonably Free Flow, C-Stable Flow, D-Approaching unstable flow, E- Unstable flow, F- Forced or breakdown flow
Due to propose project there will be slight increase in the vehicular movement but the level of service (LOS) anticipated will be Free Flow.
4.3.5 Noise environment
4.3.5.1 Impacts
The noise generated during the operational phase can be divided into two categories A) Stationary source due to heavy duty machineries at the project site such as DG sets pumps etc. B) Mobile source corresponding to mainly vehicular traffic for staff mobilization, materials, material transportation, liquid fuel transportation to project site, etc. Vibrations are expected to be generated by various activities associated with the proposed project during operational phase. The impact of vibrations beyond the site would be negligible during normal operation phase. However, the impacts on workers engaged in the plant area would be considerable due to occupational exposure.
4.3.5.2 Mitigation Measures
The major noise generating equipment like DG sets will be enclosed in an acoustic enclosure designed for an insertion loss of 25 dB (A) and silencers to other equipment etc. Major noise generating equipment will be designed with 85 dB (A) ensuring cumulative noise at 1.0 m remains at 85 dB (A). The occupational noise exposure to the workers in the form of eight hourly times weighted average will be maintained well within the prescribed Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard limits.
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Adequate PPE will be provided to the staff exposing to noise risks. Implementation of additional greenbelt for noise attenuation will be undertaken: shrub plantation; landscaping with horticulture; and Tree plantation at vehicle parking areas and along approach roads. Various standards pertaining to vibrations are formulated by statutory bodies like Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS), which is being practiced would be continued to mitigate the workers’ health effects due to vibrations.
4.3.6 Water environment
4.3.6.1 Existing water resources
Impacts
The existing water requirement is 5KLD which will be increased up 20 KLD after proposed expansion. At present water requirement is met from private tankers.
There may be risk of ground water and surface water contamination due to wastewater generation and handling from the industrial activities like process, boiler, cooling & washing activities.
Mitigation Measures Wastewater will be segregated into Domestic and Industrial effluent. Sewage will be treated in STP and treated sewage will be recycled for green belt development and industrial effluent will be sent to Neutralization tank and MEE. The treated effluent will be used within the process and Zero liquid discharge concept will be maintained; hence no adverse impact is envisaged due to the proposed expansion project on the environment. The Specification of proposed STP and MEE is given in Annexure 17.
4.3.6.2 Surface water bodies Impacts
The surface water and groundwater are the life line of the villages. All the ponds in the area are working as recharge sites for the under lying groundwater and hence the surface water and ground water systems are acting like a single unit and therefore cannot be seen in Isolation.
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Any contamination in surface drainage due to operation of project could collapse the system and will have serious impacts to the water resources especially the availability of potable water in the PIA area. The impacts will be high in the core area especially the 5.0 km radius area. Mitigation Measures Zero Liquid discharge will be ensured with proper regulatory and institutional arrangements.
4.3.6.3 Wastewater generation Impacts
The source of wastewater generation from the project is as follows:
Industrial process wastewater/effluent cooling water blow down Domestic wastewater/Sewage Equipment cleaning and floor washings, etc. The untreated wastewater if discharged into nearby surface water may affect the surface water and/or if disposed off on land without treatment may pollute the ground and surface water.
Mitigation Measures
Wastewater will be segregated into Domestic and Industrial effluent. Sewage will be treated in STP and treated sewage will be recycled for green belt development. Industrial effluent will be sent to Neutralization tank and MEE. The treated effluent will be used within the process and Zero liquid discharge concept will be maintained.
4.3.7 Biological Environment
There are no National Parks or Wild Life Sanctuary within the study area No rare or endangered flora and fauna reported within the study area. The proposed expansion is for products only and does not involve any additional area requirement or construction. Hence there will not be any cutting of natural vegetation and chances of alternation of crop production and pattern of the area due to proposed expansion. 159 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
4.3.8 Solid waste management
4.3.8.1 Impact due to solid waste generation
During operation phase, various types of solid waste are likely to be generated which can be broadly categorized as Hazardous Waste and Municipal Solid Waste. Further, the generated Municipal solid waste generation includes biodegradable, recyclable and inert compounds. The details of solid waste generation and its management proposed are discussed in Chapter 2, Section 2.9. If the solid waste generated is not properly managed and disposed in unauthorized manner, it will impact on soil quality, groundwater and air quality.
4.3.8.2 Solid waste management
Strict guidelines will be put in place in order to manage the solid waste generation during the operational phase of the development. The main goals of the guidelines will be to ensure adopting recycling techniques and encouraging sorting of solid waste at source into organic and inorganic wastes. Waste management is given in Figure 4-6.
Figure 4-6 Waste Management Concept
4.3.9 Socio-Economic Environment
4.3.9.1 Employment opportunity
The project will have positive impacts mainly due to the employment opportunities. At present 25 staff are placed in the existing unit which will be increased to 35 after proposed expansion. The preference will be given to local people for employment.
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Chapter 5 Analysis of Alternatives
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5 Analysis of Alternatives
5.1 Introduction
The proposed project involves expansion and change in product mix within the existing facility so no alternate sites were considered.
5.2 Alternate site Analysis
M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs is a Private Limited company, engaged in the manufacturing of synthetic chemicals and drugs. In order to meet the needs of the market, the company proposes to manufacture additional products within its existing premises at survey no. 457/3A, 457/3C, 457/4A, 457/4C, 457/4C (part) Ammoor village, 12/5 (Part) Chettithangal village, Walajah Taluka, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. The connectivity of the site is given in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1 Connectivity of the site
S No. Description Name of Connectivity Distance (~km) Direction 1. Nearest Highway NH4 3.07 SW 2. Nearest State Highway SH124A 3.03 SW
3. Nearest Railway Station Walajah road junction 2.08 NE
4. Nearest Airport Vellore Airport 30.04 WSW 5. Nearest seaport Chennai port 103 E 6. Nearest major city Vellore 18.5 WSW Since the project is for expansion and change in product mix, no alternate site was considered. The existing site has all the facilities and good connectivity.
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Chapter 6 Environmental Monitoring Program
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6 Environmental Monitoring Program
6.1 Introduction
Environmental monitoring is required to protect the public and the environment from toxic contaminants and pathogens that can be released into a variety of media including air, soil, and water. Air pollutants include Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, and Volatile Organic Compounds, which originate from sources such as vehicle emissions, power plants, refineries, and industrial and laboratory processes.
The plan framed for the intended facility will describe:
The details of the proposed mitigation measures taken for safeguarding the environment at the project site as well as in the vicinity of the industrial site Details of management plans (Greenbelt development plan, Solid waste management plan etc.) Post project environmental monitoring programme to be undertaken after commissioning of the project. The associated cost components of the pollution control systems that will be installed at the site.
For each of the environmental attributes, the monitoring plan specifies the parameters to be monitored, location of monitoring sites, frequency and duration of monitoring and it also denotes the applicable standards, implementation and supervising responsibilities.
6.2 Objectives
To provide a database this can be used to determine any short or long-term environmental impacts of the Project
To verify the environmental impacts predicted in the EIA study
To monitor the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures employed
To determine project compliance with regulatory requirements, standards and Government policies
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To provide an early indication and suggest appropriate additional or remedial measures should any of the environmental mitigation measures or controls fail to achieve acceptable standards.
To ensure that the areas of environmental concern identified during EIA process are carried through to, and appropriately considered and incorporated into the detailed design and tender stage of project
To take remedial action if unexpected problems or unacceptable impacts arise
To implement water quality, air quality and noise impact monitoring programme during the operational phase
To conduct regular reviews of monitored data as the basis for assessing compliance with defined criteria
6.3 Environmental Management Plan during Construction phase
For the proposed project expansion will take place within the existing premises. No additional construction activities are involved.
6.4 Environmental Management Plan during Operation phase
The control measures which will be imposed to mitigate the impacts caused during the operation phase of the project are as follows:
DG sets will be maintained regularly to ensure stack emission quality within the desirable limit. Adequate protective measures will be provided in the form of ear muff/ear plugs to the workers working in high noise areas. All the necessary noise protective equipment will be provided to the workers exposed to high noise. Used spent oil from DG sets would be carefully stored in HDPE in dedicated covered facility and disposed off according to the guidelines of hazardous waste (management, handling & Transboundary movement) rule 2008. Use of chemical fertilizer will be avoided by using green manure/organic manure obtained from garden waste & STP sludge. Species and trees suitable for the local soil and agricultural conditions will be selected for green belt development.
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Rainwater harvesting system will be implemented for the sustainability of underground water system. Processed water will be re-circulated within the process where possible. No waste or waste material will be discharged to the ground.
6.5 Post Project Environmental Monitoring
The goal of having a post project monitoring (PPM) is to ensure that, an action has been implemented in accordance with the conditions specified, that appropriate measures corresponding with those required and the conditions imposed on the action have been adequately met. In the process, PPM is supposed to provide essential feedback about the actual environmental impacts of the project and also check if the implementation of the environmental management plan is having the desired mitigative effects.
Monitoring Program
After commissioning of the project, post project monitoring of environmental parameters will be carried out at regular intervals. The monitoring programme in different areas of the environment has been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies. The post project monitoring program is summarized in Table 6-1.
Table 6-1 Post Project Environmental Monitoring Program
S. Area of Number of Sampling Frequency of Parameters to be Analyzed No Monitoring Stations Sampling Wind speed and direction, Hourly and Daily 1. Meteorology One Temperature, Relative Humidity, basis. Atmospheric pressure, Rainfall. Ambient Air Twice a week:24 All the 12 parameters asper NAAQs, 2. 2 Stations (In downwind) Quality hourly period including VoC, HCl, HBr, Chlorine 4 (two within plant Ambient Equivalent Continuous 3. Noise premises and two outside Once every season Sound Pressure Levels (Leq) at day plant premises) and Night time. pH, Temp, Conductivity, TSS, TDS, Main Plant Effluents Weekly 4. Liquid Effluents BOD, Phenol. STP Monthly pH, TSS, BOD & COD Exhaust from DG 5. 2 Monthly PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx& CO set
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S. Area of Number of Sampling Frequency of Parameters to be Analyzed No Monitoring Stations Sampling
6 Boiler stack 1 Monthly PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx& CO
7 Process stack 1 Monthly PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx& CO
Vehicular Periodic monitoring 8 Parking area Air emission and noise, PCU Emissions of vehicles
Solid waste / Check conformance to Quantity and Quality 9 Hazardous Periodically HWM rules monitoring waste
Two Locations within the Physico chemical properties, 10 Soil Yearly Once Project Site Nutrients, Heavy metals
Terrestrial Within 10km, around the 11 Once in three years Symptoms of injuries on plants Ecology project
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Chapter 7 Additional Studies
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7 Additional Studies 7.1 Public Consultation The project is categorized ‘A’ category as per EIA Notification 2006 and Public Hearing is mandatory as per ToR obtained. Hence draft EIA report has been prepared as per the F.No.IA- J-11011/361/2018-IA-II(I) dated18th December 2018 and submitted for Public Hearing. Public Hearing paper advertisement was published in Indian Express and Dinamani newspapers on 26.11.2019. Publication details and TNPCB minutes are enclosed as Appendix 3. The Public Hearing for this project was conducted on 02.01.2020 (11.00 AM) at TSR Mahal, Walajah Road, Opposite of Railway Station, Amoor, Walajah Taluk, Vellore 632501. The newspaper advertisement details are shown in Figure 7-1.Notice issued for public hearing is enclosed as Figure 7-2.Public Hearing photographs are shown in Figure 7-3.
Figure 7-1 Public Hearing Advertisements
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Figure 7-2Notice issued for Public Hearing
Figure 7-3 Public Hearing Photos
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7.1.1 Reply to the issues raised by the public during Public Hearing on 02.01.2020 S.No Issue raised by the public Proponent’s Reply 1. ThiruA.R.S.Arulraman, SIPCOT, Ranipet. 1. Hazardous wastes are being stored He said that due to the operation of chemical properly and disposed as per PCB units at SIPCOT, Ranipet area the nearby norms. Photographs are enclosed as villages was severely affected with respect to Appendix 4. Form 5 submitted to water, air and land environment. He also TNPCB is attached as an Appendix pointed out that the unit authorities -9. have not properly stored the hazardous 2. No chemical waste is discharged into solid wastes generated by the unit in a the ground. scientific manner and hence the ground 3. For expansion, 10 KLD MEE is water in that area was getting polluted and proposed for Zero Liquid Discharge also due to the discharge of chemical (ZLD). waste. He also stated that he is not supporting for the proposed expansion activities of M/s Sanskar Chemical Drugs Pvt Ltd., 2 Thiru.Saravanan, ManthangaI. 1. TNPCB has clarified that the public He stated that the public living in and hearing has been properly around the villages were not properly announced on 26.11.2019 in both informed about conducting the public English (Indian Express) & Tamil hearing for the unit of M/ s Sanskar (Dinamani) newspapers. Newspaper Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Ltd. He also advertisements are attached in stated that due to the operation of Chapter 7, Section 7.1. industries like M/s Thirumalai Chemicals 2. Agricultural activities are not affected Ltd and M/s Malladi Drugs & and crops are not damaged in the Pharmaceuticals Ltd., at Ranipet SIPCOT, local environments. Photographs have spoiled the livelihood of public in the area attached in Appendix 4. nearby villages of Chettithangal, Manthangal and Vanapadi. Further, he added that, due to the operation of M/s Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt.
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S.No Issue raised by the public Proponent’s Reply Ltd, the nearby agricultural lands was getting damaged. Further the agricultural activity was considerably reduced due to the shortage of rainfall. He also reiterated to stop the expansion activity of the unit. 3 Thiru.Chandran, Chettithangal. 1. Raw materials and nature of He pointed out that the details like raw chemicals details were provided in materials, product, nature of chemicals the public hearing presentation which used in the process were not clearly is attached in Appendix 7. explained in the power point presentation. 2. However details of raw materials, He also stated due to the operation of product, nature of chemicals used in M/s.Thirumalai Chemicals Ltd and M/s. process and process description Malladi Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd were clearly explained in EIA report, located at SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Chapter 2, Section 2.6, 2.7 & 2.8. the entire SIPCOT area was get affected 3. Ground water monitoring had been and the ground water also got polluted. done and it is found to be The expansion proposal of the unit of M/s satisfactory. Groundwater analysis Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt. Ltd. results are provided in Table 3-18 of will further spoil the ground water. He also Chapter-3. informed that because of the operation of 4. There had been no complaints of any this unit, the aged persons, children are health hazards to the proponent from affected by various disease and dialysis local neighbourhood and community. is being done even to the children. Hence, he reiterated not to give permission for the expansion proposal of the unit. 4. Thiru. Perumal, Manthangal . 1. Detailed baseline monitoring from He stated that due to the operation of Mid Jan – End of April 2019 has M/s Thirumalai Chemicals Ltd and M/s been done for the project. The lab Malladi Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd reports are attached as Annexure 11. located at SIPCOT Industrial The analysis covered 8 locations in Complex, the surrounding villages like different directions within 10 km Manthangal, Chettithangal and Ammoor radius surroundings. 172 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
S.No Issue raised by the public Proponent’s Reply were affected and both ground water and 2. The unit is always ready to allow the drinking water in that area got polluted. public in their industrial process He also requested toconduct detailed section to clarify the withdrawal / investigationregardingthe quality of disposal of water for their ground water in the wells located within manufacturing process. 10 KM surrounding of the unit so as to assess the pollution level. He also requested to conduct soil test to ascertain the qualityof soil in that area. He also requested the unit authorities to allow the public in to their industry process section and to clarify the withdrawal of water for its manufacturing process. He stated the unit authorities can commence the project only after clarifying the doubts raised by the public. 5. Thiru.Sivakumar, Manthangal: 1. The land classification certificate He asked to inform about the distance has been taken from DTCP. As criteria for the establishment of chemical per the guidelines, the industry industry from the residential area. He also was established in 2009. questioned that whether the unit of M/s Attached as Appendix 5. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt. Ltd is 2. As per land classification, the established as per the guidelines. He project site is correctly located. also said that since the chemical unit is located within the agricultural area, he opposed the expansion activities of the unit and requested to close the unit immediately. 6. Thiru. S.C. Mani, Navalpur 1. At present solar evaporation He stated that after setting of Special pond is provided for effluent Economic Zone at Ranipet, the units discharge. like M/s Thirumalai Chemicals Ltd and 2. After expansion, Industrial waste
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S.No Issue raised by the public Proponent’s Reply M/s Malladi Drugs and Pharmaceuticals water will be treated in MEE and Ltd located at SIPCOT, Ranipet both the salts from MEE will be sent to ground water and drinking water were TSDF. spoiled and colour has been changed. 3. Condensate will be reused in the The agricultural lands are also affected process. So, the unit does not and the cattle were died because of the cause any adverse effect on the discharge of chemical wastes from environment. these chemical units. He requested the TNPC Board Officials to take necessary steps to prevent the discharge of chemical waste water from these units. He opposed the proposed expansion activity. 7. ThiruJayakumar, Ammoor: 1. Private tankers are used for their He stated that the SIPCOT, Ranipet domestic and process activities. area has been declared as second worst Water supply agreement letter is polluted area in the world. He stated attached as Annexure 18. that the ground water in that area was 2. At present solar evaporation spoiled due to the operation of this pond is provided for effluent chemical unit. He also requested to clarify discharge. about the source of water supply to the 3. After expansion, Industrial waste unit of M/s Sanskar Chemical Drugs Pvt water will be treated in MEE and Ltd., He also stated that the Ammoor salts from MEE will be sent to Eri located nearer to the unit was spoiled TSDF. due to the operation of the unit. 4. Condensate will be reused in the Hence, he requested to close down process. So, the unit does not the unit immediately for prevention of cause any adverse effect on the further spoiling of the Ammoor Eri. environment. 5. Ammoor Eri is located at a distance of 3.3km in NE direction and there is no possibility of our effluent or sewage or surface
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S.No Issue raised by the public Proponent’s Reply runoff to affect the water bodies. 6. However, we try to take sample for analysis during March 2020. But there is no water available in Ammoor Eri. Photography evidence is attached as an Appendix 8. 8 Thiru Jothi, Chettithangal : No comments. He stated that since all the public are against the proposal of expansion activities, he also opposed the expansion of the unit. 9. Thiru.Gajendiran, Chettithangal: 1. Ground water samples were He stated that due to the operation of taken and analyzed. The units M/s Triveni Chemicals and M/s sampling results are mentioned Sanskar Chemical Drugs Pvt Ltd., the in Chapter 3, Table 3-18. ground water has been spoiled due to 2. At present solar evaporation the discharge of effluent by the unit. pond is provided for effluent Hence, he reiterated to close down the discharge. So, there is no unit permanently. discharge of effluent from this unit. 3. For expansion, 10 KLD MEE proposed for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD).
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S.No Issue raised by the public Proponent’s Reply 10 Tmt. Umamaheswari, Chettithangal: Tmt. Umamaheswari’s agricultural land She stated that she is having 2Acres of is at a distance of 150m in east direction. agricultural land adjacent to this unit. Photographs are attached as Appendix Due to operation of the above unit her 4. These photographs show the exact fertile land was spoiled and unfit for current status of the land. agricultural activities due to the discharge of effluent. Hence,she requested to close down the unit permanently.
11 Thiru. Gopi, Chettithangal: 1. For the existing unit 20 workers He requested to clarify why the unit from have been employed from the SIPCOT.He also pointed out that the local villages. For the expansion authorities were not offered any job will prefer to give employment for opportunities to the local people. He local as possible. also stated that due to the operation of 2. Baseline reports are provided in this industry Air and Water has been Chapter 3, Section 3.7. All the already affected. He raised question about results are stated, parameters the source of water supply to the unit. are within the limit only. He .also pointed out that the total quantity 3. For source of water, private of raw water required by the unit is 5000 tankers have been used for their litres as mentioned in the Power Point domestic and process activities. Presentation and he clarified that only Water supply agreement letter is 2500 litres of waste water was treated as attached as Annexure 18. mentioned by the unit representative 4. Water Balance calculation, and questioned about the remaining treatment and reuse quantities quantity of 2500 litres of water. He details are clearly explained in mentioned that unit utilizes raw materials Chapter 2, Figure 2-10 & Table like Potassium Nitrate and other 2-8. chemicals which areused for producing 5. Initially the unit was explosive materials. This kind of explosive manufacturing Potassium Nitrate. materials are lifethreatening to the It was stopped long back. The neighbouring people and he requested latest Consent copy is attached
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S.No Issue raised by the public Proponent’s Reply to cancel the licence issued to the unit as Annexure 2. It shows the and close down the factory permanently. approved product details. 12 Thiru. Babu. Ammoor: 1. Public Hearing has been properly He stated that the public announced on 26.11.2019 in both inthenearbyvillages were not aware of the English (Indian Express) & Tamil public hearing meeting and publicity was (Dinamani) newspapers. not properly given. He also stated that Newspaper advertisements are the unit is withdrawing the water for its attached in Figure 7.1. operation from the nearby Ammoor Eri 2. We are not taking water from thereby creating ground water scarcity to ammoor eri and we are sourcing the public in that vicinity exists. He water from private tanker and also requested the Officials to inspect agreement is attached in and ensure whether the Effluent Treatment Annexure 18 system of the unit is properly operated. 3. As already mentioned, we are He also stated due to the operation of open for inspection by Public or M/s Thirumalai Chemicals Ltd and M/s any other agencies. Malladi Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd located at SIPCOT Industrial Complex, the entire surrounding villages were affected and the agricultural and ground water were also affected due to the discharge of trade effluent.Hence, he opposed the expansion activities of this unit. 13 Thiru.Rajivgandhi. Chettithangal : Already replied. He stated that the representatives of the unit has not clearly explained the effluent treatment system provided for treating the effluent in the power point presentation. He also stated due to the operation of M/s. Thirumalai Chemicals
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S.No Issue raised by the public Proponent’s Reply Ltd and M/s. Malladi Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd located at SIPCOT Industrial Complex, the ThandalamIake was found to be polluted. He also added that the agricultural lands located around the unit are being affected due to the discharge of effluent by the unit and opposed for the expansion of the unit 14 Thiru Sandeep, Chettithangal: 1. Detailed baseline monitoring from He stated that around 5000 Acres of lands Mid Jan – End of April 2019 was including ground water, surrounding theunit done for this project. The have got spoiled due to the discharge of analysis covered 8 locations in effluent by the unit. Hence, he also different directions within 10 km requested to take water and soil samples radius. around 5 Km radius of the unit and to 2. Ground water samples and soil verify the present nature of the water samples were taken and and soil quality. He also requested to analyzed. The sampling results close down the unit permanently are mentioned in Chapter 3, Table 3-18 & Table 3-20. All results shows all the parameters are within the limits. 15 Thiru. Mani, Chettithangal: 1. The land classification certificate He stated that his 3 Acres of land located has been taken from DTCP. As adjacent to this chemical unit getting per the guidelines, the industry spoiled and hence he requested to was established in 2009. close down the unit permanently. Attached as Appendix 5. 2. As per land classification, the project site is correctly located. 3. Latest photos of 3 acres land is attached as an Appendix 4. 16 Thiru. Ramachandran, Chettithangal: As valid TNPCB consent order is 178 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
S.No Issue raised by the public Proponent’s Reply He requested the authorities to close available on date and there is no down the unit so as to save the ground requirement to close down. water, land and environment. 17 Thiru. Ramesh, Chettithangal : He stated that the agricultural lands 1. At present solar evaporation located in and around the unit have been pond is provided for effluent damaged due to the operation of this discharge. So there is no chemical unit and to avoid the further discharge of effluent from this damage to agricultural land, he unit. requested not to give permission for the 2. Industrial waste water will be expansion activities. treated in MEE and salts from MEE will be sent to TSDF. Condensate will be reused in the process. Nearest agricultural land photographs enclosed as Appendix 4. 18 Thiru Sakthivel, Velam TNPCB confirmed that the Public He stated that the public in the Hearing event has been properly near by villages were not aware of the announced on 26.11.2019 in both public hearing meeting and publicity was English (Indian Express) & Tamil not properly given and since the people (Dinamani) newspapers. Newspaper living in this area are getting affected advertisements are attached in Chapter by this chemical unit, he opposed the 7, Section 7.1. expansion activities 19 Thiru. Loganathan, Chettithangal 1. The land classification He asked how permission was granted certificate has been taken from to this chemical industry which is DTCP. As per the guidelines, surrounded with agricultural lands. He the industry was established in also informed that the ground water has 2009. Attached as Appendix 5. been considerably reduced and come 2. As per land classification, the down to 800 feet below the ground level. project site is correctly located.
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S.No Issue raised by the public Proponent’s Reply He also stated that stagnation of effluent 3. Ground water is available with foaming was found in the nearby around approximately 42-172 ft agricultural lands and it is difficult for in the surrounding areas (1km cattle farming in that area. He also radius). Photograph of stated that air pollution was caused by the Piezometric study is enclosed unit and requested to close down the as Appendix 10. industry permanently. 4. Photographs show the status of agricultural land and current cultivation as enclosed an Appendix 4. 5. Photographs are attached as an evidence for few of the cattle farming in the surrounding areas from the unit.
7.2 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Since the proposed land area is in possession of Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt. Ltd., no rehabilitation and resettlement issues are applicable for this project.
7.3 Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment report given as Annexure 20.
7.4 Disaster Management Plan
An onsite emergency plan is attributed to the response plan that contains and minimizes the effects due to emergencies within the installations which have a potential to cause damage to people and facilities within the installation premises. The salient features of Disaster Management Plan include
Emergency shutdown procedure Electrical Power Failure & Key Utility failures Fire protection system Emergency safety equipment & Reporting and response to emergency Emergency Help from nearby industries and tie up with nearby industries 180 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
Emergency Control Room - is the focal point in case of an emergency from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. It will be equipped with Internal and P & T telephones, Paging system and Emergency siren. An On-site emergency plan will be prepared and kept at plant premises to deal with emergencies and prevent disasters.
7.5 Emergency Management Plan (On Site)
To provide effective planning, communication and to ensure discipline while mitigating identified emergencies at the earliest utilizing available resources, safety gadgets and systems. Synchronized action from all the internal and external agencies at the earliest to initiate corrective and preventive action. To minimize the human injury and illness during emergency mitigation, priority is given to rescue of incident victim/s, rendering them first aid onsite and if required providing further medical services at the earliest, which is available nearest to our plant. To minimize damage to property, general environment or work environment. To effectively refer and utilize this revised onsite emergency plan while conducting on site emergency and preparedness response drills and also during real emergencies. To identify any deviations during above drills and real situations to ensure any identified and recorded observations for continual corrective actions and preventive actions.
7.6 Hazard Identification and Safety System
Hazard Identified In the Factory
1. Health hazard due to exposure to chemicals and chemical spillages. 2. Fire hazard due to use of flammable chemicals. 3. Fire and explosion hazard due to various chemical reactions.
Scenario Based Emergency Actions
1. Action plan in case of Solvent leakage from flange joints or from bottom valve etc.,
a. Shift In-charge / Safety Head shall be informed immediately.
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b. Access the situation. c. Only trained personnel shall approach the area using suitable personnel protective equipments. d. Stop leakage by closing isolation valve. e. Stop hot work in surrounding area. f. Isolate the power supply of the respective area. g. Other than the needy all shall evacuate the area. h. Cover drains / isolate from other plants with the help of sand or soil. i. Affected persons shall move to fresh air and seek medical help further.
2. Action plan in case of Fire or Explosion
a. Shout and break MCP.
b. Trained personnel shall fight the fire with suitable PPEs.
c. Extinguish with DCP / CO2 / Foam Extinguishers installed at site.
d. In case the fire not controlled with the use of portable fire extinguishers, use fire hydrant system and mobile foam unit for solvent fire.
e. Isolate the power supply of the respective area.
f. Other than the needy all shall evacuate the area.
g. Cool down nearby receivers / service tank, reactors etc by water spray.
h. Isolate interconnection of tanks, reactors, service tank, charging valves, receivers etc.
i. Other pipelines are to be checked for isolation.
j. Close / isolate the drains with sand or soil.
k. Affected persons shall be given first aid and moved for medical attention.
3. Action plan in case of Toxic Release
a. Shift In-charge / Department Head shall be informed immediately. b. Check the wind direction; decide route of escape and evacuating persons shall run perpendicular to the wind direction and not against / along the wind direction. c. Evacuating personnel should use wet handkerchief on their nose. 182 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
d. Inform the neighborhood if required and if they are likely to be affected. e. Ensure that only essential personnel are in the affected areas. f. Rescue the persons trapped / injured. g. Person present in other buildings should close their windows and doors to prevent any entry of leaked gases. h. Trace the source of leakage or spillage and isolate the system from other equipment. i. Isolate the electrical supply to the affected area. j. Trap the leakage into a suitable scrubber. k. Affected persons shall be given first aid and moved for medical attention.
4. Action plan in case of Electric Fire or Shock
a. Isolate the power supply to the affected area immediately before approaching the site.
b. Do not use water for extinguishing the fire. Use CO2 type or DCP type or dry sand to extinguishing the fire.
c. Remove any flammable or combustible material from the vicinity of the incident.
d. Remove the affected person to an open area and check his breathing.
e. If he is unconscious and not breathing initiate artificial resuscitation procedure.
f. Do first aid for any burn injury.
g. Physically isolate the burnt electrical components. Do not energize till the entire circuit is checked with megger or other devices with safety mechanisms.
5. Action plan in case of leakage or rupture of Solvent / Fuel storage tanks
a. Area shall be evacuated immediately and cordoned off.
b. Affected persons shall be thoroughly washed using clean water and given necessary medical aid.
c. Personnel entering the area should make use of suitable personnel protective equipments.
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d. Leaked tank must be depressurized immediately by transferring remaining quantity into another tank or container.
e. Leakage source must be traced and plugged.
f. Isolate the nearby electrical points and prevent any fire being brought nearby. As a precaution mobilize extra fire extinguishers to the spot to tackle fire if caught. Spilled material spreading should be contained in a dyke and transferred to container or it must be absorbed on sand or earth.
g. The contaminated sand or earth must be neutralized and then dumped at safe place or burned in the fire pit. (flammable liquids should not be absorbed by combustible solids like saw dust or combustible fibres)
h. If a spilled material in to the trench of electrical cables, then it shall be drained with natural gradient and wash with large quantity of water continuously after de energizing the cable.
i. If a spilled material gets into the storm water drain or sewer line then it must be flushed with a continuous flow of large stream of clean water till it is neutralized fully.
6. Action plan in case of Compressed Gas Cylinder Leakage
a. Move the cylinders to well ventilated area, and barricade the area. Never try to repair the leaks when the equipment under pressure.
b. Immediately contact supplier to get the necessary information and help.
c. If fire catches to cylinder, do not try to extinguish the cylinder fire. Only cool (by pouring water) and protect the nearby equipments from the safe distance.
7. Action plan in case of Water Reactive Chemical Spillage
a. Do not put water on the spill. b. If it is liquid, use neutralizing agent and inert material like dry sand to absorb spillage. c. If it is powder / crystalline, avoid generating dusty conditions, sweep up material. d. Decontaminate spill site with suitable neutralizing material.
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e. Wash the spill area.
8. Action plan in case of Leakage through Pipe Line, Barrel / Drum a. If the leak in a pipe line, immediately stop the supply to corresponding pipe line b. If the leak in a barrel or drum, do not move or transport that barrel or drum. c. Immediately transfer that content to another non leak barrel or drum. d. Transferred barrel / drum should be compatible with the material. e. To remove the spilled material from that area, procedure to be followed based on the nature of material / chemical.
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7.7 Chronology of events and product details
Year Products Quantity EC CTE CTO Remarks (T/Month) No. 2000 The company was originally under the name of J.R.P Intermediate Private limited,incorporated on 2nd February 2000. 2009 1. Potassium nitrate 150 - CTE Proceeding no: - 2. Ammonium chloride 70 - T11/TNPCB/CHEM/F.15979/ 3. Calcium chloride 50 - RS/A/VLR/09dated 24.07.2009(for Air) CTE Proceeding no: Total:3products 270T/Month T11/TNPCB/CHEM/F.15979/ RS/W/VLR/09dated24.07.2009(for water) 2010 1. Potassium nitrate 150 - CTO: 18302dated valid till - 2. Ammonium chloride 70 - 17.08.2010(Air); 22266 3. Calcium chloride 50 - dated17.08.2010 valid till 31.03.2011 CTO Proceeding no Total:3products 270T/month - T11/TNPCB/CHEM/F/- 15979/RS/W/VLR/2010 dated17.08.2010 2011 1. Potassium nitrate 150 - - CTO: 18302 dated Valid till 2. Ammonium chloride 70 - 09.12.2011(Air)proceeding no: 30.06.2012 3. Calciumchloride 50 - DEE/TNPCB/VLR/F.0349/R S/A/2011 CTO: 22266proceedingno: Total:3products 270T/month - DEE/TNPCB/VLR/F.0349/R S/W/2011
1. Isopropanol hydrochloride 40MT/M - CTE: Proceedingno: - First 2. Polyallylaminehydrochloride 20MT/M - DEE/TNPCB/VLR/F.VLR034 expansion 2013 3. Nonferricalum 90MT/M - 9/RS/A/2013dated 4. Basicchromium sulphate 90MT/M - 1.04.2013(for Air) CTE:Proceeding 5. Spentcausticlyesolution 10MT/M - no:DEE/TNPCB/VLR/F.VLR034
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Total 5 products 250 MT/M
9/RS/W/2013dated 01.4.2013 1. Isopropanol hydrochloride 40MT/Month - - CTO: proceeding no: valid till 2. Polyallylaminehydrochloride 20MT/Month - F.VLR0349/RS/TNPCB/DEE 31.03.2014 3. Nonferricalum 90MT/Month - /VLR/A/2013dated 4. Basicchromium sulphate 90MT/Month - 19.7.2013(for Air) CTO: 2013 5. Spentcausticlye solution 10MT/Month - Proceeding no: F.VLR0349/RS/TNPCB/DEE /VLR/W/2013dated Total 5 products 250 MT/M 19.07.2013(for water)
1. Isopropanol hydrochloride 40MT/Month - - CTO: Proceeding no: valid till 2. Polyallylaminehydrochloride 20MT/Month - F.0190VLR/RS/DEE/TNPCB 30.06.2017 2016 3. Non ferricalum 90MT/Month - /VLR/A/2016 dated 4. Basic chromium sulphate 90MT/Month - 19.07.2016(for Air) CTO: 5. Spent caustic lye solution 10MT/Month - proceeding no: By product details F.0190VLR/RS/DEE/TNPCB 1. Spent sulphuric acid 81MT/M - /VLR/W/2016dated 2. Gypsum 60MT/M - 19.07.2016(for water)
Total 7 products (5main products + 390 MT/M - 2 byproducts)
1. Isopropanol hydrochloride 40MT/Month - - CTO Proceeding no: valid till 2. Polyallylaminehydrochloride 20MT/Month - F.0190VLR/RS/DEE/TNPCB 31.03.2020 2017 3. Non ferric alum 90MT/Month - /VLR/A/2017dated 4. Basic chromium sulphate 90MT/Month - 29.06.2017(for Air) 5. Spent caustic lye solution 10MT/Month - CTO Proceeding no: F.0190VLR/RS/DEE/TNPCB Byproduct details /VLR/W/2017dated 1. Spent sulphuric acid 81MT/M - - 29.06.2017(for water) 2. Gypsum 60MT/M -
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Total 7 products(5main 390 MT/M - products+2byproducts)
1. Isopropanol hydrochloride 40MT/Month - CTO Proceeding no: valid till 2. Polyallylaminehydrochloride 20MT/Month - F.0190VLR/RS/DEE/TNPCB 31.03.2021 /VLR/A/2020 dated 2020 3. Non ferric alum 90MT/Month - - 03.07.2020(for Air) 4. Basic chromium sulphate 90MT/Month - CTO Proceeding no: 5. Spent caustic lye solution 10MT/Month - F.0190VLR/RS/DEE/TNPCB Byproduct details /VLR/W/2020 dated 03.07.2020(for water) 1. Spent sulphuric acid 81MT/M - - 2. Gypsum 60MT/M -
Total 7 products(5main 390 MT/M - products+2byproducts)
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Chapter 8 Project Benefits
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8 Project Benefits
The project will provide employment opportunities for additional population. The corporate social responsibilities which will be taken up by the company will improve the well-being of the society and the corporate responsibilities towards the protection of the environment will help in conserving the ecosystem. The products manufactured at this facility will be exported which will aid in adding to the revenue of the nation. The Existing and proposed green belt will enhance the green coverage in the area & aesthetics. Rain water harvesting will enhance the ground water table. During the project implementation, demand for goods and services required for the project will directly or indirectly contribute to the growth.
Thus, the proposed expansion project will benefit both the local as well as Indian economy.
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Chapter 9 Environmental Management Plan
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9 Environmental Management Plan
9.1 Introduction
Environmental Management Plan is a plan or programme that seeks to achieve a required end state and describes how activities that have or could have an adverse impact on the environment, will be mitigated, controlled, and monitored.
The EMP will address the environmental impacts during the design, construction and operational phases of a project. Due regard must be given to environmental protection during the entire project. In order to achieve this number of environmental specifications/ recommendations are made.
9.2 Objectives of EMP
The EMP has the following goals: Identifying those construction activities that may have a detrimental impact on the environment; Detailing the mitigation measures that will need to be taken, and the procedures for their implementation Establishing the reporting system to be undertaken during the construction. An integrated plan for monitoring, assessing and controlling potential impacts once the project has been approved and all permits and conditions granted. Facilitate a continual review of post construction and operation activities. Preparation of afforestation or Greenbelt Development scheme. Preparation of rain water harvesting scheme and energy conservation actions To prepare a detailed action plan for implementation of mitigation measures. Measure the effectiveness and success of proposed mitigation measures.
The EMP also serves to highlight specific requirements that will be monitored during the development and should the environmental impacts not have been satisfactory prevented or mitigated, corrective action will have to be taken. The document should, therefore, be seen as a guideline that will assist in minimizing the potential environmental impact of activities.
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9.3 EMP roles and responsibilities
Environmental Management Cell (EMC)
Each industry should identify within its setup a Department/Section/Cell with trained personnel to take up the model responsibility of environmental management as required for planning and implementation of the projects. Environmental Cell consisting of Managing Director and departmental heads will be created for efficient management of the environmental activities in the industry. The EMC will handle all issues related to different environmental attributes; it will be responsible for overall environmental and social management in project being undertaken. The EMC will be responsible for the technical planning, implementation and monitoring of all environmental mitigation and compensation measures
Figure 9-1Environmental Management Cell
This section describes the organizational structure and responsibilities for implementation of the EMP as shown in Table 9-1. Managing Director of the company will be responsible for total environmental management.
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Table 9-1EMC Responsibility
S. Name & Responsibilities No. Designation Establish an environment management cell. Responsible for overall environmental management. Regularly coordinate with Safety head and take feedback regarding all the activities performed under EM and give Dinesh Kumar directions to succeeding component. 1 (Managing Provide sufficient funds for environmental management cell to reduce the environment Director) impacts. Any deviations in Non compliance and violations of Environmental norms will be discussed in board. Keep aware the Management about all the activities performed under EMC. Prepare Management Information System (MIS) reports and budget for environment P.Karthikeyan 2 management program. (Plant Manager) To deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the conditions prescribed by TNPCB. To ensure, implement and follow all the required safety procedures & facilities, avoid the unsafe act & conditions, organizing safety trainings, mock drills, availability of Mr. Vivekananthan 3 onsite &off site emergency plans. Plan & implement Good safety committee. (Safety Dept head) Non compliance / violation of environmental norms, if any are reported to EHS Head and immediate required action is taken.
Preparation of SOP and other related documents. Sampling the effluent at different stages and analyzing to check the efficiency of the plant such as pH, COD, BOD, TDS and alkalinity. Record the readings in the log sheet and preparation of daily report. Coordinating with outside agency to carry out the AAQ, stack, Fugitive emission, noise 4 Executives level monitoring and water quality parameters checking.Preparation of monthly returns (Form No.1, Form No.3 & analysis report), Form No.13, Form No.4, Form No.5Ensuring Plant and Process Safety Treatment and disposal of trade effluents and sewage effluent as per consent. Hazardous waste management handling and disposal. Plant and maintain adequate numbers of trees and gardens around the Industry Applying and getting the consent of operation of air & water and authorization to store the hazardous waste In addition to the above, company has Safety Health & Environment (SHE) policy to adhere with standard operating process in order to comply with the statutory and bring into focus any infringement of any norms and directives with regards to the SHE and to take further corrective actions.
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9.3.1 Safety, Health and Environment policy
M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs private limited will adhere to the Safety, Health and Environment policy and place it at appropriate places in the factory premises and record.
Figure 9-2 EHS Policy
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9.4 EMP for Operational Phase
9.4.1 Air quality
The major sources of emission are boiler stack and D.G sets (in case of power failure). Stacks will be provided with adequate height. Development and maintenance of Green belt within the premises will attenuate the air pollutants. Regular monitoring of process, boiler, DG-Stacks and Ambient air quality will be carried out. APC measures are provided in Table 9-2.
Table 9-2 Air Pollution Control Measures
Stack height (m) S. No Source Pollution control measures Existing Proposed 1 Boiler 20 - Stack 2 Reactor vessel 6 - Common scrubber (Wet scrubber) with stack 3 D. G. sets 4 - Stack
Following measures are adopted to mitigate the impacts of pollutants on the ambient air quality: On loading/offloading and storage areas will be paved to reduce dust emission. Water sprinkling on inner road to prevent re-suspension of dust into ambient air due to movement of heavy vehicle etc. Regular servicing and maintenance of equipment to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Vehicular speed will be limited to 20km/hr on areas of unconsolidated or unsealed soil associated with the immediate site work.
Odour Control Odour can be of some sensitivity in chemical industries. However in his case majority inputs are odorless and only few have pungent nature and are handled in closed fashion.
Mitigation Measures Organic gaseous emissions (odorous and toxic) will be routed through vent condensers, finally connected to scrubbers All the process vents will be routed through vent condensers to the localized scrubbers for keeping the odour nuisance in and around the plant under control.
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All the vent headers will be installed properly. Closed loop filling systems will be in place and hence spillage will be avoided. Figure to be added
9.4.2 Noise Environment
The major source of noise pollution in the industry are DG sets, Reactors, Air compressors, Feed water pumps. Care should be taken to reduce the noise generated during construction. The DG set room, compressors and pump room is isolated from the outside environment and proper acoustic arrangements are available to control the noise generated. Use of well-maintained machinery and vehicles will considerably help in this matter. To prevent the hearing damage to workers, ear plugs and muffs will be provided and job rotation will also be practiced. Plantation and landscaping will be designed in additional area to ensure that there is a green belt all around the project area so that further noise attenuation is achieved. All efforts will be made to maintain the noise level within the proposed premises around 50 dB (A) in day time & 40 dB (A) during nigh time.
9.4.3 Water and wastewater management
Industrial waste water will be treated in MEE and salts from MEE will be sent to TSDF. Condensate will be reused in the process. Domestic waste water will be treated in STP and recycled for green belt development. Measures will be implemented to prevent seepage of liquid material into ground water where it could contaminate ground water. Measure will be followed to prevent the contamination of hydrological features by diesel, grease, oil etc derived from the working area.
9.4.4 Rainwater harvesting and Ground water recharging
The total amount/quantity of water i.e., received in the form of rainfall over an area is called the rain water endowment of that area, out of which the amount of water that can be effectively harvested is called the rain water harvesting potential.
The collection efficiency accounts for the fact that all the rain water falling over an area cannot be effectively harvested due to losses on account of evaporation, spillage or run off etc., the
197 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report existing unit is having rain water harvesting facility in the form of rain water harvesting pits having 3’ diameter. Four such harvesting pits are available in the existing facility. Rainwater harvesting photographs is shown in Figure 9-3.
Figure 9-3 Rainwater Harvesting Photographs
9.4.5 Solid and Hazardous waste management
Solid waste management
The source of Municipal solid waste in the industry will be from the domestic use. Solid wastes generated will be stored and disposed to municipal authority.
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Hazardous waste management The Hazardous wastes will be stored in isolated area above concrete platform under roofed shed. These wastes will be segregated & stored and will be disposed to TNPCB authorized dealers/recycler/TSDF within a stipulated period of time (90 days).
Hazardous waste materials will be properly disposed as per the Hazardous and Other wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules 2016. Agreement will be made with TSDF approved dealers for safe disposal of hazardous wastes. Hazardous waste authorization letter for spent catalyst, Chromium and Chromium (III) is attached as Annexure12.
9.4.6 Land Environment
Following measures are proposed to mitigate negative impact during operational phase of the project on the land environment.
Emissions from DG and boiler are effectively controlled by stacks & process emissions by scrubbers and therefore deposition of air pollutants in and around the premises and surrounding area is not envisaged. Disposal of solid waste is carried out through authorized vendor. No effluent is discharged directly on land without treatment Hazardous materials are prohibited to be drained or dumped in the premises. Accidental spills shall be cleaned, reported and monitored. Thus, no impact on land is envisaged due to discharge of gaseous emission, solid waste or liquid effluent from the proposed expansion of production capacity and product change.
9.4.7 Biological Environment
The project activity does not require tree cutting during project expansion. Also, the study zone does not have any ecologically sensitive location and hence, the plant activities are not expected to have any impact on ecology and biodiversity.
Air emissions, liquid effluent disposal and solid waste generation are likely to have some impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. However there will be no net increase in air pollution. Solid wastes will be collected and disposed of properly. Hence, negligible impact on ecology is expected.
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9.4.8 Socio economic environment
Recruitment of local workers from the study area. Periodic maintenance and emission check of vehicles shall be ensured to restrict air pollution. The enroute will be restricted to the major roads state and National Highways. Periodic health checkup camps will be organized by the project authority for the employees. The impact on the environmental pollution from the proposed expansion project during operation phase, necessary precautionary measures will be taken care and follow the environmental management plan.
9.5 Available safety system
9.5.1 Fire Extinguisher
The company has trained personnel for firefighting and intends to improve the firefighting skills of employee by conducting frequent training on Fire fighting. The unit has 40 Nos. of different types (CO2 extinguisher, Sand bucket, Foam extinguisher) of portable fire extinguishers placed in all prominent places of the factory. Table 9-3 shows different type’s fire extinguisher available.
Table 9-3 Fire and safety systems S. No Name of the equipment Quantity (Nos) 1 Dry Chemical Powder 12
2 CO2extinguisher 4 3 Auto DCP 2 4 Sand buckets 16 5 Aqueous Film Forming Foam Extinguisher 3 6 Foam Extinguisher 3 Total 40
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Figure 9-4 Fire safety system
9.5.2 Spill Emergency Mitigation Procedure
Spill Kit is kept in all Emergency cupboards.
Once the spill is observed, Spill Kit shall be collected from the nearest area/emergency cupboard installed and neutralizing agent (if required) based on the nature of the spill. In case if the spill is not controlled, immediately declare the emergency as per emergency response procedure.
While handling the spill, use most appropriate PPE's like chemical suit, acid/ alkali proof hand gloves, face shield, safety goggles, gum boots or even respiratory masks with suitable cartridges.
Once the spill is controlled using Sorbent pad/Boom collect in a double polythene bag and secure with the plastic ties. Dispose it as per applicable disposal procedure.
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9.5.3 Occupational Health Centre (OHC)
M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs private limited will have agreement signed with Thirumalai Mission hospital for their valuable service during emergency along with 24/7 ambulance facility.
9.5.4 First aid Boxes
A first aid kit is a collection of supplies and equipment for use in giving first aid. First Aid boxes are available in Security Room and Admin Block. First Aid items will be issued to injure only by authorized persons.
Following are the contents of First Aid Box,
a. Dettol – Antiseptic solution b. Ciplox – Eye Drops c. Soframycin – Skin ointment d. Silverex – Burn ointment e. Betadine – Microbicidal solution f. Iodex – Pain reliever g. Sterilized Cotton Wool h. Surgical Paper Tape i. Small Sterilized Dressings j. Medium Sterilized Dressings k. Roller Bandage – 5 cm wide l. Roller Bandage – 10cm wide m. Band Aid n. Crocin / Paracetamol Tablet
9.6 Work Zone Monitoring Equipments
The unit will have multi gas / toxic gas and oxygen detectors in that multi gas detector can be used to check oxygen, LEL, VOC, CO and H2S concentration in atmosphere and also in confined spaces like inside the reactor, overhead tanks, underground tanks, sump etc and oxygen detector can be used for checking oxygen concentration in atmosphere and also in confined spaces like inside the reactor, overhead tanks, underground tanks, sump etc.
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The unit will also have Hydro Carbon Sensors (HCS), installed in all critical areas and these will provide the alarm once the set level is crossed.
9.7 Occupational Health and Safety program
M/s. Sanskar chemicals and Drugs private limited provides a safe and healthy work environment to its employees by conducting annual medical check-ups for all the employees. The main objectives are:
Maintenance and promotion of workers health and working capacity. Improvement of working environment by following well-being program for its employees. Monitor the workplace to maintain industrial hygiene practices. Development of work culture in a direction which will support health and safety at work and thereby promoting positive social climate for smooth operation that will enhance productivity. Employees undergo annual health check-up. All personnel are provided with personal protective equipments individually as required.
9.7.1 Operational phase
General functions of the safety committee will be;
1. Conduct routine workplace inspections. 2. Provide Personal Protective Equipment. 3. Develop and implement safe work procedures and rules. 4. Provide on-going safety training & Enforce safety rules and appropriate discipline. 5. Promote safety awareness and reduce the potential for injury/loss. 6. Identify workplace hazards. 7. Enforce of safety rules, measure safety performance & reduce frequency/severity of injuries.
9.7.2 Occupational Health Monitoring
Medical Surveillance Program: Medical surveillance program is essential to assess and monitor employees' health and fitness both prior to employment and during the course of work; to determine fitness for duty and to provide emergency and other treatment as needed. Effectiveness of a medical program depends on active involvement of employees. M/s. Sanskar
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Chemicals and Drugs Private Limited’s medical surveillance program will include the following major elements;
1. Developing an OH-IH Medical Surveillance Program. 2. Pre-Employment Examination and Periodic Medical Examinations 3. Determination of Fitness for Duty. 4. Communications. 5. Emergency Medical Treatment. 6. Medical Records. Pre-Employment Screening / Examinations - All employees will be subjected to pre- placement medical examinations to determine their fitness for the jobs on site. Potential exposures to the work environment will be considered before placing an employee on the job.
Periodic Medical Examinations - Periodic medical examination is the same as the pre- employment screening and may be modified according to current conditions, such as changes in the employee's symptoms, site hazards or exposures.
Comparison of sequential medical reports with baseline data is essential to determine biologic trends that may mark early signs of adverse health effects, and thereby facilitate appropriate protective measures. The frequency and content of examinations are normally one year. Apart from this for workers working in Hazardous area, medical examination is conducted by Doctor Authorized by Factory Inspectorate.
9.8 Corporate social responsibility
The company is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfill the social obligations, company will employ semi-skilled and skilled labour from the nearby villages as much as possible and also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages by appointing local contract workers.
9.9 Corporate Environmental responsibility
The capital CER budgets of Rs. 4.25 Lakhs had been embarked for the local Community development within the vicinity of the study area as budget classification given below. The capital budget is arrived by considering more than 1.0% of the total project cost of Rs. 4.25 Crores as per the Project Cost estimate. However as per the OM No: 22-23/2018-IA.III(Pt), CER
204 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report fund should be 2 times more than normal in case of CPA. Total budget for CER will be Rs. 8.50 Lakhs. Detailed CER activities are shown in Table 9-4. Table 9-4 CER Activities
Sl. No Description of Beneficiary 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023 2023-24 1 Solar Lights for Chettithangal Village 2.00 - 2.00 -
2 Water RO system in Chettithangal village - 2.00 - -
3 Green Belt development to nearby villages - - - 2.5
Sub total cost INR(Lakhs) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.5
Grand Total INR (Lakhs) 8.50
9.10 Cost Estimate for Environment Management Plan (EMP)
The cost estimate for Environment Management Plan is provided in Table 9-5.
Table 9-5 Estimated budget for EMP (Capital and Recurring cost)
S. No Description Capital cost (in lakhs) Recurring cost (in lakhs) 1 Stack 4 0.4 2 Scrubber 3 0.3 3 Exhaust pipe 1 0.1 4 MEE 125 12.5 5 Green belt development 5 0.5 5 STP 20 2.0 6 Misc 3 0.3 Total 161 16.1
9.11 Greenbelt development plan
Green belts are effective in controlling of air pollution. Green plants act as an absorbent for pollutants and acts as a sink for pollution. Plants grown to function as pollution sink are collectively referred as greenbelts. An important aspect of a greenbelt is that the plants are living organism with their varied tolerance limit towards the air pollutants. A green belt is effective as a pollutant sink only within the tolerance limit of constituent plants. Apart from function as pollution sink, greenbelt would provide other benefit like aesthetic improvement of the area and providing 205 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report suitable habitats for birds and animals. As per the rules and regulations laid by Ministry of Environment and Forest, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Board (SPCB), it is legally mandatory to earmark 33% of the project area for greenbelt development to promote integration of environmental issues with industrial development projects. Green belts are an effective mode of control of air pollution, where green plants act as absorbent for pollutants and acts as a sink for pollution. Plants grown to function as pollution sink are collectively referred as greenbelts. An important aspect of a greenbelt is that the plants are living organism with their varied tolerance limit towards the air pollutants. A green belt is effective as a pollutant sink only within the tolerance limit of constituent plants. Apart from function as pollution sink, greenbelt would provide other benefit like aesthetic improvement of the area and providing suitable habitats for birds and animals. As per the rules and regulations laid by Ministry of Environment and Forest, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Board (SPCB), it is legally mandatory to earmark 33% of the project area for greenbelt development to promote integration of environmental issues with industrial development projects. As the project site is coming under critically polluted area, it is necessary to maintain 40 % of greenbelt. In order to fulfill the mandatory requirement of 40% of green belt, 1498.07 sq. m of the total land area, i.e., 40 % of total land area is allotted for greenbelt.
Existing Species:
• Neem Tree
• Eucalyptus Tree
• Black Plum Tree
• Pongamia Tree
• Betel Tree
• Ashoka Tree
• Subabul Tree
• Peepal Tree
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23.12.19
Figure 9-5 Greenbelt Photographs Selection of plants for Greenbelt: The main limitation for plants to function as scavenger of pollutants are, plant’s interaction to air pollutants, sensitivity to pollutants, climatic conditions and soil characteristics. While making choice of plants species for cultivation in green belts, due consideration has to be given to the natural factor of bio- climate. Character of plants mainly considered for affecting absorption of pollutant gases and removal of dust particle are as follows. For absorption of Gases: Tolerance towards pollutants in question, at concentration, that is not too high to be instantaneously lethal Longer duration of foliage Freely exposed foliage Adequate height of crown Openness of foliage in canopy Big leaves (long and broad laminar surface) Large number of stomatal apertures For Removal of Suspended Particular matter: Height and spread of crown. Leaves supported on firm petiole Abundance of surface on bark and foliage
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Roughness of bark Abundance of auxiliary hairs Hairs or scales on laminar surface Protected Stomata.
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Chapter 10 Summary and Conclusion
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10 Summary & Conclusion
10.1 Project location &description
The proposed project is located at survey no. 457/3A, 457/3C, 457/4A, 457/4C, 457/4C (part)Ammoor village, 12/5 (Part) Chettithangal village, Walajah Taluk, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. The total land area is 3745.18 sq. meters. The project falls in SOI Topo Sheet No. 57/O8, 57P/5 and lies between 12057’50.15” N 79020’33.49” E (Center Co-ordinates).
M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Private Limited (SCDPL) is an existing manufacturing unit involved in the manufacturing of synthetic organic chemicals and drugs. SCDPL is currently manufacturing 5 products with the production capacity of 141 MT/Month, 2 by products with capacity 141 MT/Month. SCDPL proposes 10 new products with the production capacity of 112.85 MT/Month. After expansion, SCDPL will produce 15 products with the capacity of 112.85 MT/Month (10 existing and 5 new products) and one by-product with capacity 81 MT/Month. The total capital investment on the project is INR 4.25 Crores.
10.2 Baseline study
Project Influenced Area (PIA)/Study Area
A 10 Km radial distance with the proposed project site as the epicenter has been identified as the General study area for assessing the baseline environmental status. The core study area is the project area and its immediate surroundings to the tune of 1.0 Km radius from the boundary. The project area is the land where the project is being developed.
10.2.1 Meteorological Environment A. Ambient Air Quality
The ambient air quality has been monitored at 8 locations for 13 parameters including 12 parameters as per NAAQS, 2009 within the study area. The average baseline levels of PM10
(55.1- 71.1 µg/m³), PM2.5(20.3-26.9 µg/m³), SO2 (7.1-12.4 µg/m³), NO2 (16.4-23.7 µg/m³), O3(9.6- 12.7 µg/m3), all the parameters are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Industrial, Commercial and Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study period from Mid-January – End April 2019.
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B. Noise Environment
8 locations under the study constitute of 3 locations in residential areas, 3 in commercial areas and 2 in industrial area. It was observed that within the Residential areas, noise levels (Day and Night) are well within the standards prescribed by CPCB. Within the commercial areas, Day time noise levels have significantly increased in locations Arcot and Walajapet. However the night time noise levels are well within the limits prescribed by CPCB. Noise levels within the project site are well within the prescribed limit.
C. Surface water quality
Surface water samples were collected from eight locations within 10 km radius of the study area.
Water sampling results are compared with Surface water standards IS 2296:1992. pH in the collected surface water samples varies between 6.68 to 7.62 which is within the limit of IS 2296:1992. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) value of collected surface water sample ranges from 342 mg/l to 2677 mg/l. The Total hardness value of the collected surface water sample ranges between 165.9 mg/l – 620.5 mg/l. BOD value of the collected surface water samples ranges between 1.2 mg/l and 34 mg/l. COD value of the collected surface water varies from 5.6 mg/l to 200 mg/l. The concentration of heavy metals like As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni and Se in the collected surface water samples are observed to be below the detectable limit. D. Ground water quality
In the study area,
All the ground water analytical results are compared with IS 10500:2012, drinking water standards. The pH of the collected ground water sample ranged from 7.09 to 8.37 which are within the acceptable limit of IS 10500:2012. The concentrations of fluoride in the collected ground water sample ranged from 0.19 to 0.57 mg/l which are well within the acceptable limit of IS 10500:2012. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) value of the collected ground water sample varied from 226 mg/l to 1582 mg/l, where TDS value of some of the samples exceeds the acceptable
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limits but TDS values of all the collected ground water samples are within the permissible limits of IS 10500: 2012. Total hardness of the collected ground water sample ranged from 125 mg/l to 583 mg/l, where Total Hardness value of most samples exceeds the acceptable limits but all are within the permissible limits of IS 10500: 2012. The Total alkalinity as calcium carbonate, Magnesium and Chloride are well within the permissible limits of IS 10500:2012. Sulphate content of the collected ground water samples ranged from 28.76 to 175.17 mg/l, which is well below the acceptable limit of IS 10500:2012. Most of the heavy metals concentrations in the collected ground water samples are below the limit of quantification and all are well within the limits prescribed by IS 10500:2012.
E. Soil quality The pH of the soil samples ranged from 5.1 – 7.24 Conductivity of the soil samples ranged from 70–110.3μS/cm. Nitrogen content ranged from 138 mg/kg to 561.65 mg/kg Phosphorous ranged from 15.54 kg/ha to 46.69 kg/ha. Potassium content ranges from 94 to 180 mg/kg
F. Biological Environment
There are no identified migratory paths for major and minor wildlife in the project site and the study area. The identified fauna which are observed at the project site and in the study area are local species only. Therefore the proposed project operations are not likely to have any adverse impact on the paths for avid-fauna.
G. Socio economic status
The Socioeconomic profile of the study area shows that the majority of people in the study area work in non-agricultural sector. They have good educational infrastructures and the people in the study area are well connected to the educational infrastructures. The average literacy rate of the study area is 69.03 % which is less than the district literacy rate of 84.5 %. The people in the study area are well connected to Government primary health centres and Primary health sub-
212 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report centres and also they have emergency ambulance service “108” which is active all over the State.
10.2.2 Disaster Management Plan
The salient features of Disaster Management Plan include
Emergency shutdown procedure Electrical Power Failure & Key Utility failures Fire protection system Emergency safety equipment & Reporting and response to emergency Emergency Help from nearby industries and tie up with nearby industries Emergency Control Room - is the focal point in case of an emergency from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. It will be equipped with Internal and P & T telephones, Paging system and Emergency siren.
10.2.3 On site emergency plan
To provide effective planning, communication and to ensure discipline while mitigating identified emergencies at the earliest utilizing available resources, safety gadgets and systems. Synchronized action from all the internal and external agencies at the earliest to initiate corrective and preventive action. To minimize the human injury and illness during emergency mitigation, priority is given to rescue of incident victim/s, rendering them first aid onsite and if required providing further medical services at the earliest, which is available nearest to our plant. To minimize damage to property, general environment or work environment. To effectively refer and utilize this revised onsite emergency plan while conducting on site emergency and preparedness response drills and also during real emergencies. To identify any deviations during above drills and real situations to ensure any identified and recorded observations for continual corrective actions and preventive actions.
10.2.4 Project Benefits
The project will provide employment opportunities for additional population.
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The corporate social responsibilities which will be taken up by the company will improve the well-being of the society and the corporate responsibilities towards the protection of the environment will help in conserving the ecosystem. The products manufactured at this facility will be exported that will aid in adding to the revenue of the nation. The Existing and proposed green belt will enhance the green coverage in the area & aesthetics. Rain water harvesting will enhance the ground water table. During the project implementation, demand for goods and services required for the project will directly or indirectly contribute to the growth.
10.2.5 Conclusion
To carry out the EIA study 10km buffer zone was considered around the proposed expansion site. Studies were conducted within the buffer zone against standard and criteria, to obtain the information regarding the existing status of environment, for predicting the impacts if any due to expansion activity and EMP regarding the project. The studies on different environmental parameters did not show any long term impact with respect to the background concentration level mandated by CPCB/ IS 10500:2012/NAAQ for noise, water, soil and Air. Appropriate models and techniques were used to predict the impact of the proposed expansion project. However, the Potentials impacts identified are temporary in nature, to minimize impacts at every level of development, mitigation measures were suggested. It can be concluded on a positive note that after the implementation of the mitigation measures and environmental management plans, the proposed project activities during the operation phase would be manageable.
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CHAPTER – 11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
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11 Disclosure of Consultant
In order to assess the potential environmental impacts due to the proposed project at S. F. No. 457/3A, 457/3C, 457/4A, 457/4C, 457/4C (Part) Ammoor Village, 12/5 (part) Chettithangal Village, Walajah Taluka, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Private Limited, has engaged Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Limited, Chennai to undertake EIA study. The nature of consultancy service rendered covers terrestrial environmental assessment.
11.1 Brief Profile of Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Limited (HECS)
Enviro Care Systems was started in the year of 1997 by Dr. J.R.Moses with the vision to serve the world in all environmental related problems by completing the latest technological advancements available.
In the year 2004, Enviro Care Systems became Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd after having collaboration with Hubert Stavoren B.V. for higher Technology.
The company provides total pollution control solutions to several industries like Thermal Power Plant, Pharma, R&D Facilities, Electroplating and Manufacturing, IT Parks, Residential Complexes, Dairies, Food Processing, Textile mills, Breweries, etc.
The company is specialized in executing projects right from concept development, supply, erection, commissioning and operation on turnkey basis. HECS has successfully executed more than 200 environmental engineering projects for various industrial sectors both in India and overseas.
HECS has state-of-art facilities to provide quality environmental consultancy and engineering solutions.
Strength of HECS
Number of Employees
Total no of Employees : 779 No of Employees engaged in EIA : 105 Consultancy : 25 Laboratory : 80 Projects : 13 216 M/s. Sanskar Chemicals and Drugs Pvt Limited EIA/EMP report
Operation & Maintenance : 556
11.2 Quality Policy of HECS
11.3 QCI-NABET - EIA Accreditation Consultancy Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai NABET Certificate No NABET/ EIA/ 1619/ RA0083 Valid up to 29/09/2020 MoEF Reg. Lab F.No. Q-15018/13/2016-CPW
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