Register in Screen Junkies' Honest Movie Trailers: a Sociolinguistic and Semantic Analysis

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A THESIS

AHMAD TARMIZI RAMIN

REG. NO. 130705017

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, AHMAD TARMIZI RAMIN DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR

OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT

OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED

ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A PAPER

BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER

DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT

DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS.

THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF

ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

Date : November 20th, 2017

Universitas Sumatera Utara COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : AHMAD TARMIZI RAMIN

TITLE OF THESIS : REGISTER IN SCREEN JUNKIES' HONEST

MOVIE TRAILERS: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC AND

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT

USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW

OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

Date : November 20th, 2017

Universitas Sumatera Utara ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,

Alhamdulillah, All Praise to Allah (SWT), The Almighty God, Who always blesses me, Who always gives me strength and ways that He (The Almighty God) has made me able to complete this thesis as one of the requirements to get my

Bachelor certificate in English Literature at Department of English, Faculty of

Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.

Furthermore, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to those who have helped me, supported me, motivated me and got me moving in completing and finishing my thesis. Those people are:

1. Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. Budi

Agustono, M.S.

2. Head of Department of English, Dr. Deliana, M.Hum. Not only does she

perform her duty as the Head of Department of English, she also has guided

me in writing my thesis and helped me with the schedules for my proposal

seminar and thesis examination.

3. Secretary of Department of English, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, P.h.D.

4. All lecturers of Department of English who have given me assistances,

valuable knowledge and facilities during my academic years whom I cannot

mention by names one by one. As your student, I deeply appreciate

everything that you have taught me.

5. My Supervisor, Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, SH., M.A. who has given his time to

guide me and encourage me to write and complete my thesis.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 6. My Co-Supervisor, Dra. Roma Ayuni Loebis, M.A. who has guided me and

corrected my mistakes in writing my thesis so that I could finish my thesis.

7. Special thanks and love to both of my parents (my mother and my late father)

who always supported me, helped me, motivated me during my academic

study at University of Sumatera Utara, so that I am able to study well,

complete my thesis and graduate. I wish my father could be at my graduation,

but he is in a better place now and I can only send him my prayers always.

8. Big thanks to all of my brothers and sisters who have encouraged, motivated

and helped me materially in completing my thesis.

9. Not to forget, I would like to give my big thanks and gratitude to all of my

friends at Department of English, whom I believe and know have shared

knowledge, inspiration and information regarding thesis writing and

motivated me to work harder. You guys are awesome.

I wish you all joy, happiness and good health. I have completed my thesis with all my strength and knowledge. I hope that my thesis becomes useful for many people who are interested in enriching their knowledge and studying about register or just English in general. And honestly, if someone says my thesis is not a perfect thesis, I will not be upset or angry because the truth is I am just a human being who is full of mistakes and in need to learn more and more.

Medan, November 20th, 2017

Ahmad Tarmizi Ramin Reg. No. 130705017

Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT

This thesis is entitled Register in Screen Junkies' Honest Movie Trailers: A Sociolinguistic and Semantic Analysis. The goals of this thesis are: (1) to explain the forms of register, such as the single form, complex form and phrasal form, (2) to describe the meanings of register, such as the primary meaning and secondary meaning. The researcher used descriptive qualitative method in this thesis. This thesis uses sociolinguistic and semantic approaches. The data of this thesis are the diction in utterances in five Disney honest movie trailers published by Screen Junkies Channel on Youtube, namely: Frozen (2013), Big Hero 6 (2014), Maleficent (2014), The Jungle Book (2016) and Pirates of the Caribbean (2003, 2006, 2007). The findings in this thesis are (1) in the form analysis, there are 52 units of register form: 24 lingual units of single forms, 15 lingual units of complex form and 13 lingual units of phrasal form, (2) in the meaning analysis, there are 36 units of register meaning: 20 lingual units of primary meanings and 16 lingual units of secondary meanings.

Keywords: Register, Form, Meaning, Honest Movie Trailers

Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini berjudul Register in Screen Junkies' Honest Movie Trailers: A Sociolinguistic and Semantic Analysis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk register, seperti bentuk tunggal, bentuk jamak dan bentuk frasa, (2) untuk mendeskripsikan makna-makna register, seperti makna primer dan makna sekunder. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiolinguistik dan semantik. Data penelitian ini adalah diksi bentuk tunggal, jamak dan frasa dalam honest movie trailers tentang lima film Disney yang diterbitkan oleh saluran Screen Junkies di website Youtube, yaitu: Frozen (2013), Big Hero 6 (2014), Maleficent (2014), The Jungle Book (2016) dan Pirates of the Caribbean (2003, 2006, 2007). Hasil analisis penelitian (1) dalam analisis bentuk terdapat 52 bentuk register: 24 bentuk tunggal, 15 bentuk jamak dan 13 bentuk frasa, (2) dalam analisis makna terdapat 36 makna register: 20 makna primer dan 16 makna sekunder.

Kata kunci: Register, Bentuk, Makna, Honest movie trailers

Universitas Sumatera Utara TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ………………………………...... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………...... iv

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………...... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………... vii

LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………….. xi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study……………………………………. 1 1.2 Problems of the Study………………………………………. 5 1.3 Objectives of the Study……………………………………... 5 1.4 Scope of the Study………………………………………….. 5 1.5 Significances of the Study…………………………………... 6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Review of Related Underlying Theories…………………. 7 2.1.1 Definition of Language…………………………………. 7 2.1.2 Definition of Sociolinguistics……………………...... 8 2.1.3 Definition of Semantics……………………………….... 9 2.1.3.1 Meaning…………...... 10 2.1.3.1.1 Primary Meaning……...... 13 2.1.3.1.2 Secondary meaning…………………………………… 14 2.1.4 Language Variety………………………………………. 14 2.1.5 Spoken Variety…………………………………………. 15 2.1.6 Register…………………………………………………. 15 2.1.7 Definition of Term…………...... 16 2.1.7.1 Types of Formations of Terms…………………………. 17 2.1.7.1.1 Single Form………………………………………… 18 2.1.7.1.2 Complex Forms………………...... 18 2.1.7.1.3 Phrasal Form……………………………………….. 18 2.1.8 Diction…………………………………………………. 19

Universitas Sumatera Utara 2.2 Review of Related Studies……………...... 20 2.3 Conceptual Framework………………………………….... 21

CHAPTER III: METHODS OF RESEARCH………………………………. 24 3.1 Research Method…………………………………………… 24 3.2 Research Design……………………...... 25 3.3 Sources of Data………………...... 25 3.4 Data Collection Procedures………………………………… 26 3.5 Data Analysis…………...... 27 3.6 Indicators of Register……………………………………….. 29

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 Form Analysis of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers…...... 34 4.1.1 Single Form Analysis.……...... 34 4.1.1.1 Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Frozen………...... 34 4.1.1.2 Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Big Hero 6…...... 36 4.1.1.3 Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Maleficent……...... 38 4.1.1.4 Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for The Jungle Book……………………………….. 41 4.1.1.5 Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean……………………… 44 4.1.2 Complex Form Analysis…………………………………. 47 4.1.2.1 Affixation Form Analysis……………………………… 47 4.1.2.1.1 Affixation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Frozen…...... 48 4.1.2.1.2 Affixation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Big Hero 6………………….. 48 4.1.2.1.3 Affixation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Maleficent...... 50 4.1.2.1.4 Affixation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for The Jungle Book……...... 51

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.1.2.1.5 Affixation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean..... 53 4.1.2.2 Abbreviation Form Analysis…………...... 54 4.1.2.2.1 Abbreviation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Frozen…...... 54 4.1.2.2.2 Abbreviation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Big Hero 6...... 55 4.1.2.2.3 Abbreviation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Maleficent...... 57 4.1.2.2.4 Abbreviation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for The Jungle Book.... 58 4.1.2.2.5 Abbreviation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean……………………………………………... 59 4.1.3 Phrasal Form Analysis……...... 60 4.1.3.1 Phrasal form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Frozen...... 60 4.1.3.2 Phrasal form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Big Hero 6...... 61 4.1.3.3 Phrasal form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Maleficent…………………….. 64 4.1.3.4 Phrasal form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for The Jungle Book……………… 66 4.1.3.5 Phrasal form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean……. 68 4.2 Meaning Analysis of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers……………………………...... 70 4.2.1 Primary Meaning...... 70 4.2.1.1 Primary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Frozen……………………...... 70 4.2.1.2 Primary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Big Hero 6………………...... 72 4.2.1.3 Primary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Maleficent…………...... 75 4.2.1.4 Primary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for The Jungle Book…………...... 76

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.2.1.5 Primary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean……………... 79 4.2.2 Secondary Meaning……………...... 80 4.2.2.1 Secondary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Frozen…………………………. 81 4.2.2.2 Secondary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Big Hero 6...... 81 4.2.2.3 Secondary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Maleficent……………………... 82 4.2.2.4 Secondary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for The Jungle Book…………...... 84 4.2.2.5 Secondary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean……. 87 4.3 The Most Dominant of Forms and Meanings of Register 90 4.3.1 The Most Dominant Forms of Register...... 90 4.3.2 The Most Dominant Meanings of Register……………...... 91 4.4 The Findings……………...... 92

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 93 5.1 Conclusion………………...... 93 5.2 Suggestions………….…...... 94

REFERENCES…………………………………...... 95

APPENDIX…………………….………………………...... 96

Universitas Sumatera Utara LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 : Indicators of Register…………………………………………… 29 Table 3.2 : Indicators of Register Forms……………………………………. 31 Table 4.1 : Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Frozen……………………………………………………. 36 Table 4.2 : Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Big Hero 6……………………………………………….. 38 Table 4.3 : Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Maleficent………………………………………………... 40 Table 4.4 : Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for The Jungle Book………………………………………… 43 Table 4.5 : Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean………………………………. 46 Table 4.6 : Abbreviation of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Frozen…………...... 55 Table 4.7 : Abbreviation of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Big Hero 6……………………………………………….. 56 Table 4.8 : Abbreviation of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Maleficent………………………………………………... 57 Table 4.9 : Abbreviation of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for The Jungle Book………………………………………… 59 Table 4.10 : Abbreviation of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean…...... 60 Table 4.11 : Word List of Primary and Secondary Meanings……………….. 89 Table 4.12 : Number and Percentage of Register Forms…………………….. 90 Table 4.13 : Number and Percentage of Meanings of Register……………… 91

Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Knowing every word is not enough to make a coherent conversation in

order to share ideas or information. We also have to pay attention to the context

of situation where the language is used in terms of formal and informal situation.

For example, people in religious places such as in a Mosque, a Church, and a

Temple usually speak in a polite language without any harsh words and when

they are at a bar, they will speak random things without caring about what words

come out of their mouths.

Language cannot be apart from the speakers. The language and its

speakers are affected by linguistic and non-linguistic factors. The linguistic factor

is the language itself. And the non-linguistic factor is social and situational

factor. The social factors are included status, gender, education, economic

background etc. And situational factors are included setting of place, setting of

time, various events, physical environment etc.

Many people in societies use different kinds of languages. In language,

there are many varieties which describe the changes in situation and factor. One

of the varieties is register. Register is a representation of language variety which

is based on its function. Usually, the patterns of register follow the existing ones,

but they develop, either by addition or by reduction, for register is dynamic that it

always flows with the development of a society. This phenomenon is approached

with the study of sociolinguistics and semantics. Halliday (1994: 53) explains

Universitas Sumatera Utara that register is a semantic concept defined as set of meanings related specifically with the context or situation from the field (place), tenor (subject) and mode

(media). To explain more about variation, Salzman (1998:167) also states that the way individuals speak varies not only according to their original and social dialects but also according to the context. The distinctive manner in which people express themselves in a particular situation is referred to as style.

People in a society use many kinds of languages. There are many language varieties which describe the changes in situation and factor. One of varieties is register. Different types of language variations occur in societies.

Society is a group of people that live together in a community that has the same rule, custom, tradition that control their ways of life and their attitudes. Merril

(1957: 20) says that society as a large number of persons engaged in social interactions. A society exists when many persons interact regularly and continuously on the basis of expectations of behavior whose meanings have been previously established.

It is common that every field or area has certain and specific terms that are related to the field which gives birth to language variation. For example, register in the field of economy, we can find specific terms such as devisen, gross, interest, profit and so on. Register is a variety of language based on the speaker. It means that language which is used based on what is being done and the nature of its activities. People in a certain community usually use a language that is different from other communities. The linguistic features (specific expressions, lexico-grammatical and phonological features) and the particular values of the three dimensions of field, mode and tenor determine the functional

Universitas Sumatera Utara variety of a language. These three parameters can be used to specify the context of situation in which language is used.

Many people in this era search the Internet for movie trailers pertaining movies they are interested to watch in order to get information on the movies, especially to get a little picture of what the movies are all about as well as the date of the movies released, so people can decide, whether they want to watch the movies or otherwise. The movie trailers they see on the internet are usually used for promotion to make people want to watch the advertised movies.

When discussing about popular online movie trailers, Screen Junkies comes to people’s minds as an online movie magazine and a YouTube channel founded by Andy Signore, Brett Weiner and Mitch Rotter and it is owned and operated by Defy Media that focuses on movies and television. The channel contains of many shows and one of them is Honest Trailers that are made to satirize the film the trailers are for. The video trailers are narrated by Jon Bailey.

The trailers are made in comedic ways to entertain the viewers as well as to explain the films in ‘honest’ ways. The trailers keep the viewers informed with information regarding the film in fun ways, whether there is something good in the film or otherwise. The trailers in the channel are not like other common trailers people usually see on the internet. The voice over in the trailers says things straightly to the point and is not afraid to state what he personally feels about the movie, which makes the trailers fun for the viewers to watch.

Universitas Sumatera Utara The use of language style in honest movie trailers give different and sometimes misleading meanings and understanding to the viewers, especially to non English speakers that the study of register in honest movie trailers is important to be done to make them understand more about the language style used in the honest movie trailers. When a viewer hears the voice over says, “Two giant cheekbones star in the modern retelling of Sleeping Beauty. This time from the villain's perspective”, the viewer might get the meaning wrong thinking the voice over talking about two big parts of human body flying in space in a movie called Sleeping Beauty. What it really means, is that the word star in this context of honest movie trailer means to perform in a movie or to be an actor, which is basically why those famous people who act in movies are called movie starts or super stars. The subjects that are described to star in the passage above are giant cheekbones for the reason that the actress that stars as the main villain is

Angelina Jolie who appears to have big cheekbones in the movie. So, the researcher is fascinated to perform a research on the honest movie trailers to dig deeper on register used in the trailers to give better understanding on what the trailers tell about.

The researcher in this research focuses on sociolinguistic and semantic analysis of register as a kind of language variation. The researcher sees a phenomenon of language styles or language varieties where based on the observation, the language in the honest movie trailers by Screen Junkies rather gives varied understanding to the viewers due to the styles of the language in the them. The register found in honest movie trailers sometimes gives confusion to the viewers who are not familiar with it where the voice over uses register that is rather rarely used in the daily conversation that it can get viewers, especially non

Universitas Sumatera Utara English speakers rather confused. This phenomenon pulls the researcher's

attention to perform a study on register in the honest movie trailers to find out if

the forms and the meanings of register in honest movie trailers can actually

explain the advertised movies.

1.2 Problems of the Study

1. What are the forms of register found in honest movie trailers by Screen

Junkies?

2. What are the meanings of register found in honest movie trailers by Screen

Junkies?

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1. To describe the forms of register found in honest movie trailers by Screen

Junkies.

2. To describe the meanings of register found in honest movie trailers by Screen

Junkies.

1.4 Scope of the Study

There are so many kinds of movie trailers that can be found on the

internet. This research is limited to honest movie trailers in a YouTube channel

called Screen Junkies. Also, in the channel alone, there are many honest movie

trailers published, so this research only uses honest movie trailers for Disney

Movies. The total videos used in this research are five videos, namely: Frozen

(2013), Big Hero 6 (2014), Maleficent (2014), The Jungle Book (2016) and

Universitas Sumatera Utara Pirates of the Caribbean (2003, 2006, 2007). And for the limitation of the

problems in the study, the writer limits the problems to the register found in the

honest movie trailers by Screen Junkies and the meanings of the register found in

the honest movie trailers.

1.5 Significances of the Study

1. This study is hoped to enrich references and studies about sociolinguistics,

especially on register in the field of movie trailers.

2. The findings of this research can be used to enrich the knowledge about

language styles, especially register to give better understanding when

watching videos online with different language styles.

Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Review of Related Underlying Theories

2.1.1 Definition of Language

Human beings naturally communicate using means of language,

that every community, nation or even family has their own language to

communicate with each other. We need language to communicate and

interact with others in daily life. Not only to communicate with each

other, but with language we can share or exchange our knowledge,

beliefs, opinions, wishes, threats, commands, thanks, promises,

declarations, feelings, etc.

Language can be divided into three forms. First, spoken language,

a language that is expressed directly by speakers to listeners (eg. an

interviewer asks questions orally to an interviewee and the interviewee

hears the questions directly, to which he is to respond). Second, written

language, a language which uses writing as a medium of expressing

desire from a writer to a reader (e.g. an office worker writes a letter for

leave of absence to his boss in hopes that the boss permits him to do so).

Third, gesture language or silent language, a language that uses body

movements or things such as hands, eyes, etc. (e.g. a man blinks one eye

to another man in signifies that the man wants the other man to trust him

about something). Thomas (2000: 6) says, “one of the obvious ways of

Universitas Sumatera Utara thinking about language is as a systematic way of combining smaller units

into larger units for the purpose of communication. It means that we

combine the sounds of our language (phenomes) to form words (lexical

items) according to the rules of the language we speak”.

2.1.2 Definition of Sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics is a study on language, related to the social

conditions, approached by specific social studies on sociology. Jendra

states (2010: 9),

Sociolinguistics is a branch of linguistics that takes language as an object of study, in a way that is usually distinguished from how syntax, semantics, morphology, and phonology handle it. It is a field that analyzes language as part of social property. The study explores the functions and the varieties of language, the contacts between different languages, attitudes of people towards languages use and users, changes of language, as well as plans on language.

Sociolinguistics is classified into two scopes of studies, covering

macro-linguistics and micro-linguistics. Trudgill (1992) explains that

macro linguistics refers to sociolinguistics areas involving the study of

relatively large groups of speakers, whereas micro-sociolinguistics is a

term used to cover the study of face to face interaction, discourse

analysis, conversational analysis and other areas of sociolingustics

involving the study of relatively small groups of speakers. Macro-

sociolinguistics is concerned with the study of language history and

development in the scope of society in general. Language planning and

language standardization are the examples of this study. Meanwhile,

micro-sociolinguistics is concerned with the study of language in specific

Universitas Sumatera Utara speech community with the scope of discussion such as behavior toward

language, style of speech, domains of language use, register, speech act,

etc. The first concentrates on the role of language society which analysis

communal behavior as a unit, while the other concentrates on the

individual behavior (Trudgill, 1992: 51).

2.1.3 Definition of Semantics

The term Semantics is traditionally defined as the study of meaning.

Palmer (1976: 1) says, “Semantics is the technical term used to refer the

study of meaning.” The term “semantics” is relatively of recent origin,

being coined in the late 19th century from a Greek verb meaning “to

signify”. This does not mean, of course, that the scholars first turned their

attention to the investigation of the meaning of words less than a hundred

years ago. The term semantics itself is a recent addition to English

language. Before the introduction of the term in 1890’s, the semantics

was once used in the th phrase Semantics philosophy to mean

“divination”. In the 17 century, Semantics did not appear until it was

introduced in a paper in the American Philological Association in the

1894 entitled Reflected Meaning: A point in Semantics. M. Breal had

coined the French term Semantique from the Greek, in the previous year.

However none of the terms above refers to meaning, but they refer to its

development, which is later know as “Historical Semantics”

The term Semantics then was treated as the “Science” of meaning

after M. Beal released a book entitled Semantics: studies in science of

meaning in 1900. this book also dealt with historical change of meaning.

Universitas Sumatera Utara Since then Semantics has been well recognized as one of the linguistics

studies and known as a scientific study of meaning in language. As

semantics is the study of meaning, the following is the definition of

meaning.

2.1.3.1 Meaning

We are all necessarily interested in meaning. We wonder about the

meaning of a new word. Sometimes we are not sure about the message we

should get from something we read or hear, and we are concerned about

getting our own messages across to others. We find pleasure in jokes,

which often depend for their humor on double meanings of words or

ambiguities in sentences. Commercial organizations spend a lot of effort

and money on naming products, devising slogans, and creating messages

that will be meaningful to the buying public.

One cannot determine a purpose or a context in a sentence without

understanding the meaning contained in it. Bolinger (1975:185) explains

that the term meaning is used in many ways, not all of them equally

relevant to language. Saying I didn’t mean to hurt him or exclaiming

indignantly what is the meaning of this! refers to an attention. Another

child means extra mouth to feed or Smoke means fire signifies an

inference. The German hund means ‘dog’ is a translation and so on.

The meaning of “meaning”, while is not linguistic itself, is closest to

language is that of the example a red light means ‘Stop’. It is not quite

the same as Smoke means fire. We do not make smoke in order to means

Universitas Sumatera Utara fire with it. Traffic lights, like words, are part of a communicative system with arbitrary values.

There are many meaningful ways of behaving which do not involve language. These are not limited to those types of behavior involving structured sets of conventional, accepted symbols like the left- right indicator lights on cars, the use of ﬂags at sea to convey various speciﬁc messages, or the many types of symbol involving body parts

(bowing, waving, nodding and shaking the head, the thumbs up/thumbs down signals, the hand signs used in baseball, etc.).

Riemer (2010: 3) states says that it is easy to agree that meaning is the heart of language. Meaning, we might say, is what language is for: to have a language without meaning would be like having lungs without air.

Only when sequences of sounds or letters have (or are judged capable of having) a meaning do they qualify as language: infants’ babbling and bird song, for example, use the same medium as human language which is sound, but since they do not, and cannot, express meaning (except, perhaps, to the infants or the birds) we do not consider them as examples of language in the full sense of the word. Meaning is also central to the experience of using language, as anyone knows who has ever listened to people talking in an unknown language. Not only does such a language fail to express any meaning; it is also often hard to catch hold of individual words: without knowing the meaning of an utterance, it is hard to identify the separate words which constitute it.

Universitas Sumatera Utara Psychologists are interested in how individual humans learn how they retain, recall, or lose information; how they classify, make judgments and solve problems. The word 'meaning' and its corresponding verb to

'mean' are among the most eminently discussable terms in the English language, and semantics have often seemed to spend an immoderate amount of time puzzling out the 'meaning of meaning' as a supposedly necessary preliminary to study of the subject. (C.K. Ognen and I.A.

Richards in Leech 1981: 1) explain meaning in a selection of the meanings.

1. An intrinsic property

2. The other words annexed to a word in the dictionary

3. The connotation of a word

4. The place of anything in a system

5. The practical consequences of a thing in our future experience

6. That to which the user of a symbol actually refers

7. That to which the user of a symbol ought to be referring

8. That to which the user of a symbol believes himself to be

referring

9. That to which the interpreter of symbol:

a. refers

b. believes himself to be referring

c. believes the user to be referring

Universitas Sumatera Utara According to Santoso (2003: 19), “Terdapat beberapa pendapat mengenai jenis makna yang tergantung pada sudut pandangnya. Makna berdasarkan konteks yang menyertai sebuah istilah dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu makna primer dan makna sekunder” ('there are some opinions regarding the types of meaning based on certain points of views. Meaning based on contexts found in term is specified in two parts, namely primary meaning and secondary meaning') (Santoso, 2003: 19)

2.1.3.1.1 Primary Meaning

Santoso (2003: 19) says, “makna primer adalah makna inti yang dimiliki oleh kata-kata. Makna primer berkaitan dengan makna leksikal, makna denotatif, dan makna literal, yaitu makna yang dimiliki atau dipahami tanpa bantuan konteks” ('primary meaning is the main term found in words. Primary meaning is related to lexical meaning, denotative meaning and literal meaning, which are the kinds of meanings that can be understood without contexts') (Santoso, 2003: 19).

From the explanation above, it can be said that primary meaning is the main meaning of words that is free from context in sentences.

Denotative meaning is also the main meaning, while literal meaning is meaning that is found in words or a unit of words. In short, primary meaning is the main meaning of a word that refers to the meaning of the word itself.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 2.1.3.1.2 Secondary meaning

Santoso (2003: 19-20) says, “makna sekunder adalah makna yang

bisa dipahami atau diidentifikasikan melalui kenteks. Makna sekunder

berkaitan dengan makna konotatif dan makna figuratif” ('secondary

meaning is meaning that can be understood or identified through contexts.

Secondary meaning is related to connotative meaning and figurative

meaning') (Santoso, 2003: 19-20).

From the explanation above, it can be said that connotative meaning is

additional meaning, while figurative meaning is the meaning that deviates

from what the word refers to. Grammatical meaning can be grouped into

secondary meaning as a grammatical meaning of a word, whether it is the

stem or verbal noun, it depends on the context of sentence or the context

of situation.

2.1.4 Language Variety

Every human being does not speak or use a language the same

way as other people for the reasons that language is a form of human

social behavior and communities and it has the tendency to split up into

groups, each displaying differences of behavior. It is all basically a

natural phenomenon in society. Hudson and Ferguson in Wardhaugh

(2010) state,

…Variety in terms of a specific set of ‘linguistics items’ or ‘human speech patterns’ (presumably, sounds, words, grammatical features, etc.) which we can uniquely associate with some external factor (presumably, a geographical area or a social group). Consequently, if we can identify such a unique set of items or

Universitas Sumatera Utara patterns for each group in questions, it might be possible to say there are such varieties as Standard English, Cockney, lower-class New York City speech, Oxford English, legalese, cocktail party talk, and so on (Wardhaugh, 2010: 23).

2.1.5 Spoken Variety

The spoken variety is basically different from the written one as

the spoken variety is characterized with its pronunciation, intonation and

stress, the written variety is dealt with punctuation marks, capitalization

or letters and spacing. Jendra (2010) states,

The spoken variety is basically distinguished from the written one as it involves supra segmental features, such as pronunciations, intonations, stress, tempo as well as the non-verbal ones, such as gestures and facial expressions in non-formal contexts the variety is usually more flexible than the written one. In a daily English conversation, people sometimes, pause, start, repeat or interrupt with noises such as ‘er’, ‘em’, ‘uh’, and say phrases such as you know, you see, well (Jendra, 2010: 40).

2.1.6 Register

and characteristics in language and that communication concerns with the

relationship between a language and the context in which it is used or

spoken. Bolinger (1975) explains,

A register is a variety that is not typically identified with any particular speech community but is tied to communicative occasion. It would be odd to think of people-at-home as a community, yet speech-at-home may be as different from speech- with-strangers as a local dialect is from the standard. One cannot be dogmatic about this because registers can easily become identified with particular groups (Bolinger, 1975: 358).

Universitas Sumatera Utara According to Halliday (1995: 67) who states that register is known

as scale, in the field of sociolinguistics, scale is referred widely to the

"variation according to the use", where dialect is referred to "variation

according to the user". The different between scale (register) and dialect

can be seen from in the acts of someone in writing or speaking while

putting himself in the situation with other people in a social context with

the complex communicative behavior, so that it can be said that dialect

refers to who you are and register refers to what you are doing. It can be

said that dialect is clearly different from register that dialect is the

variation of the person and register is the image of language that

interprets the formality of a phenomenon.

2.1.7 Definition of Term

According to Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah (Depdiknas,

2011: 65), “istilah adalah kata atau frase yang dipakai sebagai nama

atau lambang dan yang cermat mengungkapkan makna, konsep, proses,

keadaan, atau sifat yang khas dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi

dan seni dan ketentuan umum” (‘term is words or phrases that are used as

a names of symbols that can distinctly explain the meaning, concept,

process, situation or the characteristic in the fields of science, technology,

art or science in general’).

Universitas Sumatera Utara 2.1.7.1 Types of Formations Of Terms

The process of forming terms is related to the process of

morphology. Morphology is part of linguistics that studies the forms of

words and the effects of the changes in forms on the category and the

meaning of word (Ramlan, 2009: 21). The forms of terms are explained in

the following diagram.

Single

Formation of terms Complex

Phrase

3. The formations of terms in register (Ramlan 2009: 28-52)

The formations of terms are categorized into single form and complex

form. The unit of single form is a grammatical unit that contains of no

smaller units, while the complex form is a grammatical unit that comes

through morphological process. Morphological process is a process of

forming words from other units as the root forms. Such morphological

process gives affixes, repetitions and complexion (Ramlan, 2009: 51-52).

The formation of term can be in phrases that Ramlan (1987: 152) explains

that phrase is a grammatical unit of two words or more.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 2.1.7.1.1 Single Form

Ramlan (2009: 28) explains, “Bentuk tunggal merupakan satuan

gramatik yang terdiri dari satuan yang tidak lebih kecil lagi, sedangkan

satuan yang terdiri dari satuan-satuan yang lebih kecil lagi disebut

bentuk kompleks” ('the single form is a grammatical unit that contains of

no smaller units, while units contain of smaller units are known as the

complex form').

2.1.7.1.2 Complex Form

“Kata majemuk ialah kata yang terdiri dari dua kata sebagai

unsurnya” ('Complex words are words of two words as the stem')

(Ramlan, 2009: 76). The term of complex form is the result of

combination of two forms or more to become new lexical units. Complex

words have characteristics in their elements, one of which is root words

and the elements cannot be separated or changed in the case of formation.

For example the words "baby sitter" formed of two words "baby" and

"sitter" that the two words cannot be separated, otherwise the meaning

changes.

2.1.7.1.3 Phrasal Form

Ramlan (1987: 52) explains, “frase merupakan satuan gramatik

yang terdiri dari dua kata atau lebih” (‘a phrase is a grammatical unit of

two or more words’). The elements of phrase can be word or phrase. A

phrase can be formed with two words, as in “very sick”, “yesterday

morning” and “will leave”. A phrase can also be formed with three words

Universitas Sumatera Utara or more, as in the phrase “that school building”. Such phrase contains of

two elements, namely a phrase “school building” and the word “that” to

indicate location. A phrase can be formed in phrasal elements in whole, as

in the phrase "the child's new toy" which is formed with phrases "the

child" and "new toy".

2.1.8 Diction

The makers of movie trailers have to use interesting and attractive

diction in order to influence the costumers into going to watch the

advertized movies or buy the DVDs for the purpose that the movies

become successful. And in human languages, humans choose certain

words and arrange them together to make an utterance and to express

their minds. This process of choosing words to use in an utterance is

called diction. Keraf (2004: 24) says, "choice of words or diction is the

ability to differentiate the meaning of ideas and to find out words which

are proper with the situation, condition and the feeling of the hearer”.

This research mostly focuses on the diction of language in honest

movie trailers by Screen Junkies. Fasold (Hanafiah, 2016: 27) states that

sociolinguistics becomes a study because of the existence of diction.

There are many languages in society, where those languages are chosen

by the people as their means of communication. Therefore, the

explanation about the possibilities of the existence of diction depends on

the choice of language variation that a sociolinguistic study can be done

using statistics on the diction.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 2.2 Review of Related Studies

There are other researchers who have performed researches about register in different objects of studies and from different sources of data. They are namely:

Yetty Faridatul Ulfah (2010) has done a research in her thesis entitled,

“Register Analysis in English movie advertisements of WWW.21-Cineplex.com (A

Sociolinguistics Study)”. Ulfah employs descriptive method to describe and to interpret the data. In her thesis, she finds register in English movie advertisements by first characterizing the linguistics factors, such as the diction, language variety and figures of speech; second, characterizing non-linguistics factors; and third describing how both language variety and figure of speech characterize the register of English movie advertisement.

Noka Leoni Krisnawati (2013) in her paper entitled, “A Sociolinguistics

Analysis of Fashion Register in Cosmo Girl Magazine” Krisnawati employs descriptive method qualitative to describe and to interpret the data. In her paper, she finds that there are the linguistics forms: 4 data of noun, 1 datum of verb, 5 data of adjective, 2 data of compound word, 16 data of noun phrase and 3 data of adjective phrase. Based on the meaning, she finds 23 data in contextual meaning and 8 data in lexical meaning.

Alis Rahmadwati (2014) in her article entitled, “A Sociolinguistics Analysis of Register Used in Soccer Page of Social Media Facebook”. Rahmawati employs descriptive qualitative to describe and to interpret the data. In her paper, she finds that in linguistic form there are 13 data of noun, 1 datum of verb, 1 datum of verb, 1 datum of adjectives, 15 data of compound words, 1 datum of abbreviation, and 6 data

Universitas Sumatera Utara of noun phrases. She also finds there are two types of meaning: 9 data of lexical meaning and 28 data of contextual meaning.

Nina Artila (2014) in her thesis “Register Salon Kecantikan: Analisis

Sosiolinguistik dan Semantik” Artila employs descriptive qualitative method to describe and interpret the data. In her thesis, she explains about language variation based on its use in society, focusing in the environment of occupation with the data of utterances and written ones. She finds that there are reasons of utilizing saloon register terms in foreign terms, especially in English.

Amelia Purwaningrum (2016) also has done a research on register in her thesis entitled, “Register Parfum dalam Bahasa Prancis” where she describes the forms of perfume register as well as the meaning in French with the object of perfume lexicon register derived online. Purwaningrum employs the method of quantitative descriptive to describe and interpret the data. In analyzing the data of register, she employs apportion technique for data specification using data table.

2.3 Conceptual Framework

This research is about language register found in honest movie trailers published by Screen Junkies channel based on Youtube. This research basically studies the structures of language used in the honest movie trailers which are in the forms of the register and meaning of register therein.

In the language register of honest movie trailers studied in the research, there are three forms of register, namely single form, complex form and phrasal form. The single form is a grammatical unit that contains of no smaller units, while units contain of smaller units are known as the complex form. Complex words are words

Universitas Sumatera Utara of two words as the stem, where complex form is the result of combination of two forms or more to become new lexical units. A phrase is a grammatical unit of two or more words.

The term of register found in the honest movie trailers is studied based on the types of semantic meanings, namely: primary meaning and secondary meaning.

Primary meaning is the main meaning in words which is related to lexical meaning, denotative meaning and literal meaning that can be understood without contexts.

Secondary meaning is meaning related to connotative meaning and figurative meaning that can be understood through contexts. Information regarding this study on register is explained in the following conceptual framework.

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Trailers by Screen Junkies

Forms of Meanings of Register Register

Single Complex Phrasal Primary Secondary

Form Form Form Meaning Meaning

Affixation Abbreviatio

Finding

Drawing Conclusion

Picture 1: Conceptual Framework

Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER III

METHODS OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Method

Mason (2002: 1) explains that through qualitative research we can explore

a wide array of dimensions of the social world, including the texture and weave

of everyday life, the understandings, experiences and imaginings of our research

participants, the ways that social processes, institutions, discourses or

relationships work, and the significance of the meanings that they generate. We

can do all of this qualitatively by using methodologies that celebrate richness,

depth, nuance, context, multi-dimensionality and complexity rather than being

embarrassed or inconvenienced by them.

This means that it has an unrivalled capacity to constitute compelling

arguments about how things work in particular contexts. More than that though,

while not all qualitative researchers are on a mission to produce ‘the general

picture’ of how things work, the qualitative habit of intimately connecting

context with explanation means that qualitative research is capable of producing

very well-founded cross-contextual generalities, rather than aspiring to more

flimsy de-contextual versions.

In describing the research data, the writer uses descriptive method to explain

and to describe the data systematically. Hasan, (2002: 22) says, “…metode

descriptif ini digunakan untuk melukiskan secara sistematis fakta atau

karakteristik populasi tertentu atau bidang tertentu, dalam hal ini bidang secara

aktual dan cermat”, (‘…this descriptive method is used to describe facts

Universitas Sumatera Utara systematically, or the characteristic of certain population or certain fields, in this

case, it is the actual and accurate fields’).

3.2 Research Design

1. Collecting the data sources which are honest movie trailers published by

Screen Junkies channel on Youtube.

2. Identifying all register on screen junkies' honest movie trailers. The scripts of

the honest movie trailers are derived from the Internet to avoid mistakes.

3. Finding the synopsis or the plot of each movie presented by the honest movie

trailers. The synopsis or the plot is derived online.

4. Classifying the data based on the register used in the movie trailers.

5. Analyzing and interpreting the data and answer the questions addressed in the

problems of the study.

6. Drawing conclusion.

3.3 Sources of Data

Mason (2002: 52) explains that tather than produce a long and detailed

list of potential data sources, It is useful to provide a more generic set of

categories which represent ways of thinking about data sources. What follows is

such a set of categories, which encompass the most commonly used data sources

in qualitative research.

1) People (as individuals, groups or collectivities)

2) Organizations, institutions and entities

3) Texts (published and unpublished sources including virtual ones)

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4) Settings and environments (material, visual/sensory and virtual)

5) Objects, artefacts, media products (material, visual/sensory and

virtual)

6) Events and happenings (material, visual/sensory and virtual).

The data in this research are five videos made and published by Screen

Junkies channel based on Youtube. The population in this research is utterances

by the narrator of the videos, Jon Bailey which are typed and copied into written

data, which then to be analyzed for the purpose of the research

The Source of data in this research derived from a channel on Youtube

called Screen Junkies. The channel is picked because it contains many different

honest movie trailers, with the focus to critique the movie in entertaining ways.

Also, the language used in the trailers contain of English register which is

fascinating to analyze. The total videos used in this research are five videos,

namely: Frozen (2013), Big Hero 6 (2014), Maleficent (2014), The Jungle Book

(2016) and Pirates of the Caribbean (2003, 2006, 2007).

3.4 Data Collection Procedures

Mason (2002: 51-52) explains that if you start thinking in terms of this

distinction between data sources and methods it does not mean that you are

seeing data ‘out there’ as an already existing stock of knowledge, ready to be

collected. It is more accurate to speak of generating data than collecting data,

precisely because most qualitative perspectives would reject the idea that a

researcher can be a completely neutral collector of information about the social

world. Instead, the researcher is seen as actively constructing knowledge about

Universitas Sumatera Utara that world according to certain principles and using certain methods derived

from, or which express, their epistemological position. Therefore, as a researcher

you do not simply work out where to find data which already exist in a

collectable state. Instead you work out how best you can generate data from your

chosen data sources. For this reason, the term method in qualitative research

generally is meant to imply more than a practical technique or procedure for

gaining data. It also implies a data generation process involving activities that are

intellectual, analytical and interpretive.

The sources of data are collected from utterances which are honest movie

trailers, published by Screen Junkies channel on Youtube. By applying certain

criterion, the sample is taken from the source of data by taking the transcripts of

the criterion selected honest movie trailers from the internet to avoid textual

mistakes. After collecting the sample, the data are collected. The collected data

contain factors and forms of register in English honest movie trailers. The

linguistic factors of register are diction and language variety. The linguistics

forms, such as types of words, types of phrases and the lexical and contextual

meanings. Then, by using the data obtained from those techniques above, the

considering the data obtained from each of honest movie trailer.

3.5 Data Analysis

There are particular ‘schools of thought’, or theoretical approaches to

qualitative analysis, which is important to be familiar with, both for designing

your own research and for critically appraising qualitative research evidence. The

Universitas Sumatera Utara particular approach you take to any given study will depend on many factors, not least: the research question, the time you have available and funders’ priorities.

Glaser and Strauss in Lacey and Luff (2009: 9) explains that an inductive method of qualitative research which would allow social theory to be generated systematically from data. That is, theories would be ‘grounded’ in rigorous empirical research, rather than produced in the abstract. What is a theory? In this pack we take this to mean a generalisable idea or concept, gleaned from data, that helps to understand the social world in a new or more sophisticated way, and that can be tested in different settings. In other words, it is a way of thinking about and conceptualising data. It is an approach to research as a whole and as such can use a range of different methods.

The process of analyzing data in the method has to be done step by step in the correct order to obtain satisfying and precise results. The collected data are analyzed by conducting the following steps:

1. Collecting the data sources which are honest movie trailers published by

Screen Junkies channel on Youtube.

2. Watching the selected data, which are five videos of honest movie trailers for

Disney movies published by Screen Junkies Channel based on Youtube.

3. Finding the synopsis or the plot of each movie presented by the honest movie

trailers. The synopsis or the plot is derived online.

4. Finding the transcripts for the honest movie trailers online both on reach

engine and Youtube subtitles as well, in order to make the analysis more

accurate.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 5. Identifying all register in the transcripts. The transcripts of the honest movie

trailers are derived from the Internet to avoid mistakes.

6. Classifying the data based on the register used in the movie trailers. This

phase is carried out by looking at the diction, language variety, forms of

words and the meanings.

7. Analyzing and interpreting the data and answer the questions addressed in the

problems of the study. The data is easier to be interpreted when the results

have been explored.

8. Drawing conclusion and giving suggestions.

3.6 Indicators of Register

Table 3.1: Indicators of Register

No. Dimension Indicators Sub-indicators

1 a. Field 1) The purposes of

• Honest movie language

trailers communication

2) The problems of

language

communication

b. Tenor 1) The relation between

• Who is involved in the speaker

the language participants

communication - Close relation

• The characteristics between the

Universitas Sumatera Utara of the participants speakers

• The relation - Distant relation

between the between the

participants speakers

• The status of the 2) To whom the

participants speakers speak to

- The superior of

the speakers

- The same status

of the speakers

- Status beneath

the speakers

c. Mode 1) Accurate

• Spoken form 2) Clear and distinct

3) Short and compacted

4) Convincing

5) Standardized

2 a. Terminology forms 1) Specific diction

• Specific forms 2) Single forms

used in honest 3) Complex forms

movie trailers - Affixation

• Specific - Compound

expressions to - Abbreviation

deliver 4) Phrasal forms

Universitas Sumatera Utara communication

swiftly, precisely

and efficiently

b. Terminology 1) Primary meanings

meanings - Main meaning

• Limited terms - Essential

• Terms meaning

characterized as - Without context

lexical, sentences

grammatical and 2) Secondary meanings

phonological - Additional

specifically to meaning

deliver register - With context

meanings sentences

Processed form sources: Ramlan (2009), Hudson (1995)

Table 3.2: Indicators of Register Forms

No. Indicators Sub-indicators

1. Single forms 1) Main form

2) Contains no smaller units

3) Main word classes

- Nominal

- Verb

- Adjective

Universitas Sumatera Utara - Numeral

2. Complex forms a. Affixation 1) Prefix

2) Infix

3) Suffix

4) Simulfix

b. Abbreviation 1) Acronym, combination of a

word and a letter which is

pronounced as a word

2) Affixation to an acronym

3) Abbreviation, combination of

letters, pronounced by letters

3. Phrasal forms 1) Combination of two words or

2) Can be joined with a

conjunction

3) The forms do not exceed the

functions of clausal elements

a. Exocentric phrase

- The distribution is

different from the

element

b. Endocentric phrase

- The distribution is the

Universitas Sumatera Utara same with the element

c. Coordinative endocentric

phrase

- The distribution of the

equivalent elements

- Can be connected with

conjunctions ‘and’ or

‘or’.

d. Attributive endocentric

phrase

- The unequal elements

- Based on the centre and

attributive elements

e. Appositive endocentric

phrase

- Cannot be connected

with conjunctions ‘and’

or ‘or’.

- Each element is the

same

Processed form sources: Ramlan (1987)

Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Form Analysis of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers

The register in this research is in the forms of single, complex and phrasal

forms. The analysis is based on scripts of five videos on honest movie trailers

published by a Youtube channel named Screen Junkies. The honest movie trailers

for the analysis are five videos, namely: Frozen (2013), Big Hero 6 (2014),

Maleficent (2014), The Jungle Book (2016) and Pirates of the Caribbean (2003,

2006, 2007).

4.1.1 Single Form Analysis

The single form is a grammatical unit that consists of no smaller unit

(Ramlan, 2009: 28).In the single form analysis of honest movie trailers by Screen

Junkies, which are five videos, namely: Frozen (2013), Big Hero 6 (2014),

Maleficent (2014), The Jungle Book (2016) and Pirates of the Caribbean (2003,

2006, 2007). The following is the single form of register in this research which is

explained into five tables based on the movies. Each word in the table is included

with the meaning, taken from Oxford dictionary of the 8th edition.

4.1.1.1 Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for

Frozen

Here are the examples of single form of register in passages of the

transcripts for the Frozen Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis

Universitas Sumatera Utara is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs and a table.

(1) From the studio that finally learned how to make Pixar movies, and song writing duo behind Hasa Diga Eebowai comes the feature length music video for Let It Go – Frozen (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Frozen - 2013).

The single form in the transcript passage above is an English register for movie industries which has the meaning of a place where people produce movies or a movie production company. In the passage itself, the studio refers to Disney studio which is compared to Pixar studio as the two movie production companies produce well-sold and famous animation movies.

(2) And who could forget the completely unnecessary, unexplained magical troll rocks! When disaster strikes, watch Anna save the day by teaming up with — her sister, a merchant, a hot guy, and a snowman to defeat villain like — her sister, a merchant, a hot guy and a snowman. (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Frozen - 2013).

In honest movie trailers, the voice over frequently refer the main antagonists or the bad people in a movie as villain as it is common in movie making fields or film industries to use that word. Based on the theme of the move, the passage informs us that there is a distinct similarity of the characters, as one of main character of the movie befriends with the same characteristics of the people she is against with.

(3) Experience a clever twist on past Disney films; that teaches girls everywhere, they don’t need a prince to rescue them because all men are disgusting loners, greedy murderers, or lying, manipulative power- hungry sociopaths! (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Frozen - 2013).

Universitas Sumatera Utara The single form mentioned the transcript passage above has a few meanings one of which is an unexpected turn of event in a movie story line or the story in general, where this particular meaning is basically used in movie industries. Based on the theme of the movie itself, the passage above informs us that there is a difference in the morals of Disney movies in the past and in the present where in the past the moral said that girls needed a prince to save them and that they were all good-mannered and honest people and in the presents the moral is basically the opposite.

Table 4.1: Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Frozen No. Register Meaning

1 Studio A company or organization that makes films,

records or other artistic works.

2 Villain The bad person in a work of fiction; often the main

antagonist of the hero.

3 Twist An unexpected turn in a story, tale, etc.

4.1.1.2 Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Big

Hero 6

Here are the examples of single form of register in passages of the transcripts for Honest Movie Trailers for Big Hero 6 by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs and a table.

Universitas Sumatera Utara (1) Before you see the latest CGI kids' movie that adults will probably get more out of, revisit the Disney hit that made you laugh, cry, won an Oscar, and best of all, isn't Frozen: Big Hero 6 (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

What the voice over means by the words ‘won an Oscar’ is that the movie was nominated as one of the best animated movie of 2014 in the academy award.

Not only did the movie win an Oscar, the movie is loaded with other great things like the movie gives people spirit to go out more and the story can touch people’s feelings to be in an emotion. Despite, all of the great facts that the voice over states, he continues that such great achievements are no longer found in Frozen movie alone.

(2) Disney removed all the Marvel branding from and didn't tie into the Marvel Cinematic Universe, despite the fact that it has a team of quippy heroes going up against a forgettable villain with a vague plan, in a final battle with a sky-based doomsday device made of disposable robots, and an after-credits scene with Stan Lee (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

In the example transcript passage above, the voice over uses the word villain to refer to the main bad people in the move. The voice over implies that the movie has similar characteristic to the Marvel comic or Marvel Cinematic

Universe which is somewhat boring that the villain is not worth remembering with plain evil plan and other references to the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

(3) He's a protagonist with the hair of a Japanese anime and the tooth gap of every kid from recent western animation (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The single form in the transcript passage above refers to the main character plays in the movie. The voice over explains that the main character in the movie is not as so much different as other trending animated movies out there

Universitas Sumatera Utara that he is animated with Japanese style of hair with a gap between his teeth which is like other common western animated movies.

Table 4.2: Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for

Big Hero 6

No. Register Meaning

1 Oscar An Academy Award.

2 Villain The bad person in a work of fiction; often the main

antagonist of the hero.

3 Protagonist The main character, or one of the main characters, in

any story, such literary work or drama.

4.1.1.3 Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for

Maleficent

Here are the examples of single form of register in passages of the transcripts for Honest Movie Trailers for Maleficent by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs and a table.

(1) From the studio behind the animated classics that defined a generation and the bloated, gritty action reboot that defined this generation comes another Disney cash grab that will ruin everything you loved about another childhood classic (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

In this context of the transcript passage above, studio is a company that makes or produces movie. The voice over basically explains that the studio which

Universitas Sumatera Utara produces the movie (Disney) has made a movie that is less than good compared to their old movies of the same genre.

(2) Two giant cheekbones star in the modern retelling of Sleeping Beauty -- this time from the villain's perspective (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The word star in this context of honest movie trailer means to perform in a movie or to be an actor, which is basically why those famous people from movies are called movie starts or super stars. The subjects that are described to star in the passage above are giant cheekbones for the reason that the actress that stars as the main villain is Angelina Jolie who appears to have big cheekbones in the movie.

(3) where the character you loved for being pure evil and turning into an awesome dragon is no longer evil, and doesn't even turn into a dragon? (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The single form in the transcript passage above refers to a person who plays in the movie. The voice over explains that the character which is main antagonist is different from the previous movie of the same theme that in the movie her character is not so evil and that she does not get to turn to be a dragon as she is supposed to be in the other movie.

(4) Watch everything scary and fun about Maleficent get neutered by the same thing that neutered Darth Vader: backstory (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The single form in the transcript passage above refers to the previous events that happen in a movie or what is known as the flashback. The voice over compares the move to another movie produced by Fox company, Star Wars franchise that the two movies have one similar style, which is the backstory or

Universitas Sumatera Utara the flashback style where in Maleficent the backstory is not so satisfying that it makes one character of the other movie (Star Wars) neutered.

(5) So experience a more modern take on Sleeping Beauty where we learn the most important lesson of all: if your movie comes out after Frozen, true love only exists between two girls (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The single form in the transcript passage above means a recorded film or a movie. The voice over explains that Disney movie production has recently produced two movies, namely Frozen and Maleficent, where in the two movies, the stories convey one distinct similar lesson that can be taken that true love can only be found between two girls.

Table 4.3: Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for

Maleficent

No. Register Meaning

1 Studio A company or organization that makes films, records

or other artistic works.

2 Star To feature a performer or a headliner, especially in a

movie or an entertainment program.

3 Character A being involved in the action of a story.

4 Backstory The previous life and experiences of a character in a

dramatic work.

5 Take A scene recorded (filmed) at one time, without an

interruption or break; a recording of such a scene.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.1.1.4 Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for The

Jungle Book

Here are the examples of single form of register in passages of the transcripts for Honest Movie Trailers for The Jungle Book by Screen Junkies.

The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs and a table.

(1) From Jon Favreau, the guy who went from playing Mike in Swingers to becoming one of today's best directors, to one of the worst, to one of the best again (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The single form in the transcript passage above refers to a person who directs a movie project or production. The voice over explains that Jon Favreau as the director of the movie has gone through process of film directing that after playing in some movies he directs from good not so good movies to the good ones.

(2) Disney is remaking all their animated classics into live-action movies, and Jungle Book was next on the spreadsheet (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The single form in the transcript passage above means a computer simulation which is the program to create moving characters in the movie such the talking animals and all actions contained therein. The voice over explains that the Jungle Book is ready to be made by Disney movie production company.

(3) Now, they're giving a new twist to an old classic (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The single form above means unexpected turn or event in a movie. The voice over explains that the story line The Jungle Book is different from the

Universitas Sumatera Utara previous cartoon version of the movie where the new one has a new plot that is not in the previous one.

(4) this one has a plot (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The single form in the transcript passage above refers to the course of a story in a movie. The voice over explains in the honest trailer that the move is more interesting than the previous cartoon version of the movie, where the story line in the new one is more dense compared to the other one.

(5) Follow along on a young man's search for acceptance in this winning combination of The Lion King, a Ben Kingsley nature documentary, and a kid-friendly version of The Revenant. Geez, I hope there's no deleted scene where he sleeps inside of a rhino (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The word ‘scene’ in transcript passage above means the place, time, circumstance and other aspects that occur in a movie. The voice over in the trailer freely explains his expectation that the movie does not show a part where the main character sleeps inside a dead body of a rhino which happens in another movie entitled The Revenant.

(6) Kaa, a boa constrictor with sexy exposition eyes who proves that, whether she's playing a killer alien, a fancy iPod, or a giant snake, Scarlett Johansson's voice will probably still turn you on (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The single form in the transcript passage above refers to an opening section in a movie, by which background information about the characters, events, or setting is conveyed. The voice over in the trailer explains that a snack character in the movie named Kaa has exposition eyes, which means that she can show events that explain things through her eyes. The voice over frequently uses

Universitas Sumatera Utara that word in honest movie trailers to explain that one single thing can explain a lot in a movie.

(7) in a groundbreaking, definitive version of the story that's impossible to top, but Warner Bros. and Andy Serkis are gonna try in 2018 anyway (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The single form above means to be at number one position or basically to be the superior from others. The voice over explains in the honest movie trailer that such story of the movie is really hard to climb up to the top chart of the best movie list and he implies that other movie companies will try to commit the same action of movie remake in the next coming year.

Table 4.4: Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for

The Jungle Book

No. Register Meaning

1 Director One who directs; the person in charge of managing a

movie production.

2 Spreadsheet A computer simulation of such a system of recording

tabular data, with totals and other formulas calculated

automatically.

3 Twist An unexpected turn in a story, tale, etc.

4 Plot The course of a story, comprising a series of incidents

which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by

unexpected means.

5 Scene The place, time, circumstance, etc., in which anything

Universitas Sumatera Utara occurs, or in which the action of a story, play, or the

like, is laid.

6 Exposition An opening section in fiction, including novel, play and

movie, by which background information about the

characters, events, or setting is conveyed.

7 Top To be in the lead, to be at number one position (of).

4.1.1.5 Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for

Pirates of the Caribbean

Here are the examples of single form of register in passages of the transcripts for Honest Movie Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean by Screen

Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs and a table.

(1) Once upon a time, Johnny Depp was the most intriguing actor in Hollywood (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

The single form in the transcript passage above refers to a person who performs in a movie. The voice over explains in the honest movie trailer that

Johnny Depp who is the main character in the movie was a rising star in the past but today he becomes not as interesting to watch as he was in the past.

(2) Once upon a time, Johnny Depp was the most intriguing actor in Hollywood. Now, one hit franchise will usher in the end of his creative choices (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

Universitas Sumatera Utara The single form in the transcript passage above refers the collection of fictional works pertaining to a particular universe, including literary, film or television series from various sources. The voice over explain that Johnny Depp as the main character in the movie was once a great actor and now he plays in a movie that is only famous for a short period of time that according to the voice over, Johnny Depp has made a wrong choice for doing that.

(3) Turning him into a boring parody of himself. But who cares? Now he owns a f*cking island (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

The single form in the transcript passage above refers to a work or performance that imitates another work or performance with ridicule or irony.

The voice over explains that John Depp plays the same role in the movie as himself in real life but with some ridicule added in the character to make fun of himself. He also implies that it does not matter because in the movie he owns an island.

(4) Watch this Oscar-worthy match between actor and role as he hams it up with a trademark barrage of catchphrases, impractical escapes, and silly walks, in this half-drunk Keith Richards impression that really should be dead by now (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

The single form in the transcript passage above refers to a part or character plays by an actor or character. The voice over explains that Johny Depp as a talented actor plays an unusual character in the movie with some certain characteristics of his in the movie which makes him interesting to watch in the movie.

Universitas Sumatera Utara (5) and women dressed in cinema's least convincing boy disguises. (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

The single form in the transcript passage above refers to the art of making film. The voice over explains that there is a woman character named Angelica

(Penelope Cruz) who tries to look like Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp), a main male person in the move, yet despite in a disguise, she still looks like a woman for her face and body features.

(6) Mustache or not, I would totally pork that dude (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

This particular single form is frequently used by the voice over in his honest movie trailers. The meaning of the particular single form in the transcript passage above is to have sex with. The voice over explains that one character in the movie, Angelica (Penelope Cruz) disguises as a man Jack Sparrow (Johnny

Depp), yet her look still attracts men’s attention.

Table 4.5: Single form of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for

Pirates of the Caribbean

No. Register Meaning

1 Actor A person who performs in a theatrical play or film.

2 Franchise The loose collection of fictional works pertaining to a

particular universe, including literary, film or television

series from various sources.

3 Parody A work or performance that imitates another work or

Universitas Sumatera Utara performance with ridicule or irony.

4 Role A character or part played by a performer or actor.

5 Cinema A film.

6 Pork To have sex with.

4.1.2 Complex Form Analysis

The researcher analyzes the complex form of register in honest movie trailers for five of Disney movies, namely: Frozen (2013), Big Hero 6 (2014),

Maleficent (2014), The Jungle Book (2016) and Pirates of the Caribbean (2003,

2006, 2007). Ramlan (2009: 28) states that complex form is a grammatical unit that is formed from a morphological process.

4.1.2.1 Affixation Form Analysis

“Affix is an incomplete word-part (also called a ‘bound morpheme’)

that attaches (‘fixes’) either to the beginning or to the end of another word”

(Stern, 2001: 18). It is clear that an affix is a word attachment to a root or

stem that gives a word a different meaning. An affix literally “fixes” itself to

a root word or a stem word. An affix changes the meaning of a word. If an

affix is attached to the beginning of a word, it is called a prefix. If an affix is

attached to the end of a word, it is called a suffix. Some root or stem words

may have both an affix and a suffix or multiples prefixes and suffixes in order

to make new words and to change the meaning of the root or stem word.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.1.2.1.1 Affixation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest

Movie Trailers for Frozen

Here are the examples of affixation form of register in passages of the transcripts for Frozen Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs.

Welcome to Arendelle, a magical-ish, Scandinavian-ish country, that’s been cursed with eternal winter, even though their main export is ice (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Frozen - 2013).

From the example in the transcript passage above, the suffix –ish is attached to two words, magical, which is something related to magic and

Scandinavian, which is related to the country Scandinavia. The suffix –ish that forms an adjective and a noun means somewhat or approximately. In the context of honest movie trailers for Frozen, the narrator explains that the setting of place in the movie is somewhat magical because the main character can control ice with her hands and there are magical trolls in the movie as well. The narrator also explains that the country looks somewhat like the country Scandinavia because of the view and the look of it.

4.1.2.1.2 Affixation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest

Movie Trailers for Big Hero 6

Here are the examples of affixation form of register in passages of the transcripts for Big Hero 6 Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs.

Universitas Sumatera Utara (1) Before you see the latest CGI kids' movie that adults will probably get more out of, revisit the Disney hit that made you laugh, cry, won an Oscar, and best of all, isn't Frozen (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

From example in the transcript passage above, there is a prefix form in attached in the beginning of a stem word, which is re- attached to visit which basically means to go and meet. The prefix re- that forms a verb means again or to do something again. In the context of honest movie trailer, the particular verb refers to the action of watching a movie again or going to a movie theater again to see a high rating movie (Big Hero 6) that will give you certain reactions to it.

(2) Prepare for a movie based on a Marvel comic you had no idea existed, that Disney removed all the Marvel branding from and didn't tie into the Marvel Cinematic Universe, despite the fact that it has a team of quippy heroes going up against a forgettable villain with a vague plan, in a final battle with a sky-based doomsday device made of disposable robots, and an after-credits scene with Stan Lee (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

From the example in the transcript passage above, there is an affixation in the form of simulfix which is attached to the beginning and the end of the stem word remove, which means to discard something from something else. The simulfixes re- + (remove) + –ed form a past tense verb which means to discard something again.

Re- + (stem word) + -ed re- + (move) + -ed removed

In the context of honest movie trailer for Big Hero 6, the voice over explains that the movie which is produced by Disney discards branding from

Universitas Sumatera Utara Marvel, although the movie looks like it is produced by Marvel for certain reasons found in the movie.

4.1.2.1.3 Affixation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest

Movie Trailers for Maleficent

Here are the examples of affixation form of register in passages of the transcripts for Maleficent Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs.

(1) From the studio (Disney) behind the animated classics that defined a generation and the bloated, gritty action reboot that defined this generation comes another Disney cash grab that will ruin everything you loved about another childhood classic: Male- efficient...Male-fickant... Melee-fyckent... screw it, Sleeping Beauty (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

There is a prefix in the transcript passage above, re- which is attached to a stem word, boot. The prefix re- means “to do again” and the word boot means “the act or process of removing”. Fascinatingly, when the two words are combined, they form a noun where the meaning of which is slightly different from the stem word, yet still related. The meaning of such combination is “the restarting of a series storyline that discards all previous continuity”. In the honest movie trailer, the narrator explains that Maleficent is a movie of the same storyline as previous ones, yet this one, according to the voice over, is worse compared to the previous ones.

(2) Two giant cheekbones star in the modern retelling of Sleeping Beauty, this time from the villain's perspective -- where the character you loved for being pure evil and turning into an

Universitas Sumatera Utara awesome dragon is...no longer evil, and doesn't even turn into a dragon? (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

From the transcript passage above, there is an affix in the form of simulfix with the word re- attached in the beginning and a continuous participle –ing attached in the end of the stem word, tell which means “to narrate”. The simulfix re- + (tell) + -ing forms a noun which refers to the act of narrating a story.

Re- + (stem word) + -ing re- + (tell) + -ing retelling

In the context, of honest movie trailer for Maleficent, the voice over explains that Angelina Jolie, who is referred as “two giant cheekbones”, stars in a movie that is apparently similar to the story of the famous Sleeping

Beauty, yet this particular movie is told from the perspective of the bad person’s in the movie for reasons that is mentioned in the transcript passage.

4.1.2.1.4 Affixation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest

Movie Trailers for The Jungle Book

Here are the examples of affixation form of register in passages of the transcripts for The Jungle Book Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies.

The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs.

(1) Disney is remaking all their animated classics into live-action movies, and Jungle Book was next on the spreadsheet. So pull up your red diaper and join the pack for this well-written, visually stunning, action-packed movie with great characters...? Look, I'm not gonna lie; this thing is way better than it deserved to be (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

Universitas Sumatera Utara From the example in the transcript passage above, there is an affixation in the form of simulfix which is attached to the beginning and the end of the stem word make, which means “to create”. The word re- means

“to do something again” and the participle -ing signifies the tense of being simple continuous tense. The simulfix re- + (make) + -ing forms a continuous verb which refers to the act of creating.

Re- + (stem word) + -ing re- + (make) + -ing remaking

The voice over in the honest movie trailer for The Jungle Book explains that the Disney movie industry is producing a new movie based on the same storyline and theme from the previous one which was made in cartoon. The new one is shot with human characters or what is called “live- action movie”. And the voice over informs the viewer to be ready for the movie which is well made, says the voice over in the honest movie trailer.

(2) Enjoy a remake that didn't just improve on the original story; they also cherry-picked the only two good songs, then, for some reason, give a classic like "Bare Necessities" to two people who can barely sing and turn "I Wan'na Be like You" into a Christopher Walken solo number, and we all know how that turns out (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

In the transcript passage above, there is prefix re- which means “to do something again” and the prefix is attached to a stem word make which basically means “to create”. The combination between the prefix and the stem word forms a noun which means “a new version of something”, which in this case is a movie. In the context of honest movie trailers for The Jungle Book, the voice over explains that there has been a new version of The Jungle Book movie that we can watch now, in which the story is improved compared to

Universitas Sumatera Utara the previous one and that there have been some changes in the soundtracks of the movie.

4.1.2.1.5 Affixation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest

Movie Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean

Here are the examples of affixation form of register in passages of the transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean Honest Movie Trailers by Screen

Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs.

From the transcript passage above, there is a suffix. This type of suffix is hyphenated which means that the suffix describes a word that does not make an actual word when attached. The particular suffix from the transcript passage is –fication which is “a combining form of nouns of action or state corresponding to verbs ending in” or “simply, it is the act of process of or the result of”. The suffix is attached to a stem word Disney, which is a noun that refers to a film company. The combination of the suffix and the stem word forms a noun which refers to the result of Disney-related works.

The voice over explains that Disney, which is a film company which mainly produces children movies and cartoons has made a movie about pirates, which is loaded with violence and other things that are not suitable for children.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.1.2.2 Abbreviation Form Analysis

An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. It consists of a group of letters taken from the word or phrase. For example the word

January can be represented by the abbreviation Jan. Stern (2001: 2) states that abbreviation comes from Latin for ‘brief’ or ‘shortened’. It is a shortened or incomplete form of a written or spoken word or words. There are various types of abbreviations, and they go under different names. But you can also call all or any of the following by the generic name ‘abbreviation’.

4.1.2.2.1 Abbreviation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest

Movie Trailers for Frozen

Here are the examples of Abbreviation form of register in passages of the transcripts for Frozen Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs and tables.

It’s been three years since the last Disney musical, and 18 years since the last good Disney musical. Now the big D is back and adjusted for inflation with two princesses, two goofy sidekicks, and three different orphans (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Frozen - 2013).

The abbreviation mentioned in the example above stands for ‘Disney’, which is a movie production company that mainly produces children-alike movies. The words ‘the big D’ are usually used by young people in English speaking country to refer to names of things’ or people’s that start with the letter D and the voice over tries to do the same to reach younger generation of viewers.

Universitas Sumatera Utara Table 4.6: Abbreviation of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers for Frozen

No. Abbreviation Origin Meaning

1. D Disney A name of a movie production

company or usually referred as ‘Walt

Disney’.

4.1.2.2.2 Abbreviation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest

Movie Trailers for Big Hero 6

Here are the examples of Abbreviation form of register in passages of the transcripts for Big Hero 6 Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs and tables.

(1) Before you see the latest CGI kids' movie that adults will probably get more out of, revisit the Disney hit that made you laugh, cry, won an Oscar, and best of all, isn't Frozen: Big Hero 6 (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The abbreviation CGI mentioned above stands for Computer-

Generated Imagery which is known in movie industries as the computer software especially made for movie making done by movie editors and programmers to give special effects in the visual of a movie that is made. In movies, CGI makes the impossible possible where monsters, talking animals, flying human beings, magical creatures come to exist in visual ways. In the honest movie trailer, the voice over explains that Big Hero, as an animated

Universitas Sumatera Utara movie made with CGI, is a movie that can make people laugh, cry, win an

Oscar and it is not even the same movie as Frozen.

(2) After the sci-fi pessimism of Wall-E, experience a kids' film that's so into science, it turns it into magic justified by the tiniest bit of scientific mumbo jumbo (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The abbreviation mentioned in the transcript passage above stands for

Science Fiction, which is a movie genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes and extraterrestrial life. In the honest movie trailer for the movie, the voice over explains that Big Hero comes after another science fiction movie named

Wall-E and the movie is really full of science matters that it looks like it is magical explained in science utterances.

Table 4.7: Abbreviation of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers

for Big Hero 6

No. Abbreviation Origin Meaning

1. CGI Computer-Generated Special visual effects

Imagery created using computer

software

2. Sci-fi Science Fiction A genre of speculative

fiction with the concepts

of futuristic science and

technology.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.1.2.2.3 Abbreviation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest

Movie Trailers for Maleficent

Here are the examples of Abbreviation form of register in passages of the transcripts for Maleficent Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs and tables.

Watch everything scary and fun about Maleficent get neutered by the same thing that neutered Darth Vader: backstory, where you'll learn the answers to questions you never had like, what if Maleficent grew up in a low-rent Avatar rip-off? What if the original was full of generic CGI battle scenes? (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The abbreviation CGI mentioned in the transcript passage above stands for Computer-Generated Imagery which is known in movie industries as the computer software especially made for movie making done by movie editors and programmers to give special effects in the visual of a movie that is made. In the honest movie trailer for the movie, the voice over explains that the movie intrigues the viewers with questions, one of which is what if the original previous movie was full of generic CGI battle scenes because in the Maleficent, there are battles between different creatures.

Table 4.8: Abbreviation of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers

for Maleficent

No. Abbreviation Origin Meaning

1. CGI Computer- Special visual effects created

Generated Imagery using computer software

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.1.2.2.4 Abbreviation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest

Movie Trailers for The Jungle Book

Here are the examples of Abbreviation form of register in passages of the transcripts for The Jungle Book Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies.

The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs and tables.

So strap in for a movie full of incredible sets, photo-realistic animals, and the word "man-cub", in a groundbreaking, definitive version of the story that's impossible to top, but Warner Bros. and Andy Serkis are gonna try in 2018 anyway, because God forbid a CGI movie come out that doesn't include Andy Serkis (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The honest movie trailers for The Jungle Book also has the abbreviation CGI which stands for Computer-Generated Imagery which is known in movie industries as the computer software especially made for movie making done by movie editors and programmers to give special effects in the visual of a movie that is made. In the honest movie trailer for the movie, the voice over explains that the movie contains with photo-realistic of talking animals and it is full of the word “man-cub”. And the story of the movie is not very likely to come on top of the movie chart, yet the movie company ‘Warner Bros.’ and an actor Andy Serkis will try to make the same type of CGI movie in 2018.

Universitas Sumatera Utara Table 4.9: Abbreviation of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers

for The Jungle Book

No. Abbreviation Origin Meaning

1. CGI Computer- Special visual effects created

Generated Imagery using computer software

4.1.2.2.5 Abbreviation form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest

Movie Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean

Here are the examples of Abbreviation form of register in passages of the transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean Honest Movie Trailers by Screen

Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs and tables.

The abbreviation PG mentioned in the transcript passage above stands for Parental Guidance, which is used to describe something rude or potentially offensive for which the conversation requires adult supervision. In movies, PG is used to limit the use of harsh and curse words spoken by the characters to make the movie clean and suitable to be watched by children- alike viewers. In the honest movie trailers for the movie, the voice over explains that Disney has made a movie about pirates, rude people, yet in the

Universitas Sumatera Utara movie their words are supervised with PG that they do not say bad, harsh or

curse words.

Table 4.10: Abbreviation of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean

No. Abbreviation Origin Meaning

1. PG Parental Guidance Something that requires

adult supervision

4.1.3 Phrasal Form Analysis

In this research, the researcher analyzes the phrasal form of register in honest movie trailers for five of Disney movies, namely: Frozen (2013), Big

Hero 6 (2014), Maleficent (2014), The Jungle Book (2016) and Pirates of the

Caribbean (2003, 2006, 2007). In linguistics, a phrase is a group of words (or possibly a single word) that functions as a constituent in the syntax of a sentence, a single unit within a grammatical hierarchy. Stern (2001: 143) states that a phrase is a word or a coherent string of words headed by the type-word and functioning as a unit in a sentence.

4.1.3.1 Phrasal form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Frozen

Here are the examples of phrasal form of register in passages of the transcripts for Frozen Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is

Universitas Sumatera Utara elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs.

So gather the family and sing along on a musical journey; that’s all about the sound track! Featuring unforgettable songs like… the exposition song! (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Frozen - 2013).

The phrasal form in the transcript passage above consists of two words, exposition and song. The word exposition refers to an opening section in a movie, by which background information about the characters, events, or setting is conveyed. And the word song refers to a musical composition with lyrics for voice(s), performed by singing. The particular phrasal form is attributive endocentric phrase, the word exposition is the center element (up) and the word song is the attributive (atr).

The phrasal form is a noun phrase that refers to a song that conveys the background information about the characters, events, or setting. In the honest movie trailer for the movie, the voice over explains that the movie mostly focuses on the songs and one of the song is the exposition song which can explain everything there is to know about the movie.

4.1.3.2 Phrasal form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Big Hero 6

Here are the examples of phrasal form of register in passages of the transcripts for Big Hero 6 Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs.

Universitas Sumatera Utara (1) Prepare for a movie based on a Marvel comic you had no idea existed, that Disney removed all the Marvel branding from and didn't tie into the Marvel Cinematic Universe, despite the fact that it has a team of quippy heroes going up against a forgettable villain with a vague plan, in a final battle with a sky-based doomsday device made of disposable robots, and an after credits scene with Stan Lee (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The phrasal form in the transcript passage mentioned above consists of three words. The particular phrasal form is attributive endocentric phrase containing the center element (up) and the attributive (atr). The center element is after credit and the attributive is scene. The phrasal form is a noun phrase that refers to a short clip that appears after all or some closing credits have rolled and sometimes after a production logo of a film has run. In the honest movie trailer for the movie, the voice over explains that the story of the movie is taken from

Marvel comic that Stan Lee as the creator of Marvel comic makes an appearance in the movie and the after credits scene of the movie.

(2) He's a protagonist with the hair of a Japanese anime and the tooth gap of every kid from recent western animation. Thrill as this miniature version of Tony Stark makes inventions that will put everyone on Earth out of a job and immediately transforms his inherited health care robot into a killing machine. It's like Terminator 2, but in reverse (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The phrasal form in the transcript passage above consists of two words.

The particular phrasal form is attributive endocentric phrase containing the center element (up) and the attributive (atr). The center element of the phrasal form is

Japanese and the attributive is anime. The particular phrasal form is a noun phrase that refers to cartoon animations that are created in Japan. In the honest movie trailer for the movie, the voice over explains that the main character is

Universitas Sumatera Utara created with the hair of a Japanese anime with the tooth gap of characters from recent Western animation.

(3) He's a protagonist with the hair of a Japanese anime and the tooth gap of every kid from recent Western animation. Thrill as this miniature version of Tony Stark makes inventions that will put everyone on Earth out of a job and immediately transforms his inherited health care robot into a killing machine. It's like Terminator 2, but in reverse (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The phrasal form in the transcript passage above consists of two words.

The particular phrasal form is attributive endocentric phrase containing the center element (up) and the attributive (atr). The center element of the phrasal form is

Western and the attributive is animation. The phrasal form is a noun phrase that refers to the cartoon animations that are created in the Western countries. In the honest movie trailers for the movie, the voice over explains that the main character looks like both Japanese and Western animation characters and he also resembles Tony Stark, a genius character from the movie Iron Man.

(4) Experience a moving film about the power of friendship, forgiveness, and innovation...until it turns into a cookie-cutter superhero origin story with a dumb Scooby-Doo twist and a supporting cast that's literally forgettable. But who cares? Baymax is bay! (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The phrasal form in the transcript passage above consists of three words.

The particular phrasal form is attributive endocentric phrase containing the center element (up) and the attributive (atr). The center element of the phrasal form is superhero origin and the attributive is story. The particular phrasal form is a noun phrase that refers to the previous original story of superhero movies. In the honest movie trailer for the movie itself, the voice over explains that the story of

Universitas Sumatera Utara the movie starts off as a smooth moving movie and develops to be less interesting, yet Baymax is still a favorable robot character.

4.1.3.3 Phrasal form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Maleficent

Here are the examples of phrasal form of register in passages of the transcripts for Maleficent Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs.

(1) From the studio behind the animated classics that defined a generation and the bloated, gritty action reboot that defined this generation comes another Disney cash grab that will ruin everything you loved about another childhood classic: Male-efficient...Male- fickant...Melee-fyckent...screw it, Sleeping Beauty (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The phrasal form in the transcript passage above contains of two words that can stand alone or is independent. The particular phrasal form above is coordinative endocentric that the phrase contains of two same elements and the equivalence can be connected with the conjunctions ‘and’ or ‘or’. The phrasal form action reboot can be added with such conjunctions in the middle of the words and they still make sense.

a) Action and reboot b) Action or reboot

The particular phrasal form is a noun phrase that refers to the restarting of a series storyline of a live action movie. In the honest movie trailer for the movie, the voice over explains that Disney has made a live action reboot movie based on a cartoon movie that is not as good as the original.

Universitas Sumatera Utara (2) Two giant cheekbones star in the modern retelling of Sleeping Beauty -- this time from the villain's perspective -- where the character you loved for being pure evil and turning into an awesome dragon is...no longer evil, and doesn't even turn into a dragon? (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The phrasal form in the transcript passage above consists of two words.

The particular phrasal form is attributive endocentric phrase containing the center element (up) and the attributive (atr). The center element of the phrasal form is modern and the attributive is retelling. The phrasal form is a noun phrase that refers to a second subsequent telling of a story in modern styles. In the honest movie trailer itself, the voice over in the trailer explains that Angelina Jolie stars in another modern version of Sleeping Beauty with some differences between the two versions.

(3) So experience a more modern take on Sleeping Beauty where we learn the most important lesson of all: if your movie comes out after Frozen, true love only exists between two girls. Aw, yeah (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The example of phrasal form taken from the transcript passage above consists of two words. The phrasal form is attributive endocentric phrase which contains of the center element (up) and the attributive (atr). Modern is the center element and take is the attributive. This phrasal form is a noun phrase that basically refers to a movie made in modern styles. In the honest movie trailer for this movie, the voice over explains in it that Maleficent is made as the modern version of Sleeping Beauty made by Disney with a moral that true love can only be found between two girls (according to the voice over in the honest movie trailer).

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.1.3.4 Phrasal form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for The Jungle Book

Here are the examples of phrasal form of register in passages of the transcripts for The Jungle Book Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs.

The example of phrasal form taken from the transcript passage above consists of three words. This phrasal form is attributive endocentric phrase which contains of the center element (up) and the attributive (atr). Live-action is the center element and movies is the attributive. This phrasal form is a noun phrase that basically refers to movies with human characters and mostly real setting of place. As for the honest movie trailer, the voice over basically explains that

Disney is remaking their old cartoon movies into human character movies that one of which is The Jungle Book that the viewers have to be ready for this movie.

(2) You remember loving the original animated Jungle Book, even though it's really not that good. Now, they're giving a new twist to an old classic: this one has a plot. Follow along on a young man's search for acceptance in this winning combination of The Lion King, a Ben Kingsley nature documentary, and a kid-friendly version of The Revenant. Geez, I hope there's no deleted scene where he sleeps inside of a rhino (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

Universitas Sumatera Utara The phrasal form in the transcript passage above is attributive endocentric phrase which contains of the center element (up) and the attributive (atr). This phrasal form contains of two words, where deleted is the center element and scene is the attributive. This phrasal form is a noun phrase which basically functions as a noun and it refers to a scene in a movie production that is discarded for certain reasons. As in the honest movie trailer for this movie, the voice over explains in it that the story of The Jungle Book is better that the original one where the new one has a plot. For some reasons, this movie resembles a movie entitled The Revenant and that the voice over hopes there is no deleted scene where the main character sleep into a dead body of a rhino, just like in The Revenant.

(3) Journey deep inside a downtown Los Angeles blue screen studio, where a grown man spent months playing with a little boy in his underwear, that they turned into this...? Holy crap. There, you'll meet Mowgli, a parkour-loving orphan MacGyver who must leave the safety of his family to escape Shere Khan, a scary f***ing tiger (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The phrasal form in the transcript passage above consists of three words.

The particular phrasal form is attributive endocentric phrase containing the center element (up) and the attributive (atr). The center element of the phrasal form is blue screen and the attributive is studio. The particular phrasal form is a noun phrase that refers to a studio for movie production with the movie making techniques of blue background chromakey. The voice over explains in the honest movie trailer for this movie that the setting of place for this movie is basically in a blue screen studio and not in a real forest, yet the visual looks real.

Universitas Sumatera Utara (4) Enjoy a remake that didn't just improve on the original story; they also cherry-picked the only two good songs, then, for some reason, give a classic like "Bare Necessities" to two people who can barely sing and turn "I Wan'na Be like You" into a Christopher Walken solo number, and we all know how that turns out (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The example of phrasal form taken from the transcript passage above consists of two words. This phrasal form is attributive endocentric phrase which contains of the center element (up) and the attributive (atr). The word original is the center element and story is the attributive. This phrasal form is a noun phrase that basically refers to the story of the previous movie as the first or original one. The voice over explains in the honest movie trailer for The Jungle

Book that it is more improved compared to the original story and the differences can also be noticed in the soundtrack of the movies.

4.1.3.5 Phrasal form analysis of register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean

Here are the examples of phrasal form of register in passages of the transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean Honest Movie Trailers by Screen

Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used and the theme of the movie which is explained in paragraphs.

Once upon a time, Johnny Depp was the most intriguing actor in Hollywood. Now, one hit franchise will usher in the end of his creative choices, turning him into a boring parody of himself. But who cares? Now he owns a f*cking island. Pirates of the Caribbean (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

Universitas Sumatera Utara The phrasal form in the transcript passage above is attributive endocentric phrase which contains of the center element (up) and the attributive (atr). This phrasal form contains of three words, where one hit is the center element and franchise is the attributive. This phrasal form is a noun phrase which basically functions as a noun and it refers to the loose collection of fictional works that only achieves success once during any time in the existence or in other words it is only success for a little while. The voice over in the honest movie trailer for this movie explains that the main character in the movie (Johnny Depp) is not as famous as he was in the past for he now plays as a boring parody of himself in a movie.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.2 Meaning Analysis of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie Trailers

In this research, the researcher analyzes the meanings of register in Honest

Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies channel based on Youtube. The honest movie trailers in this research are five Disney movies, namely: Frozen (2013), Big Hero 6

(2014), Maleficent (2014), The Jungle Book (2016) and Pirates of the Caribbean

(2003, 2006, 2007). The meanings that are analyzed in this research are categorized into two types, primary meaning and secondary meaning. Primary meaning is basically meaning that can be understood without contexts, while secondary meaning is meaning that can be understood with contexts. The following is the analysis of meaning of register in Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies.

4.2.1 Primary Meaning

Santoso (2003: 19) states that primary meaning is the main meaning of

words. Primary meaning is related to lexical meaning, denotative meaning and

literal meaning, which is meaning that can be understood without contexts. The

following is the examples of primary meaning of register in passages of the

transcripts for Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The following is

examples of primary meaning of register in Honest Movie Trailers for five

Disney Movies.

4.2.1.1 Primary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Frozen

Here are the examples of primary meaning of register in passages of

the transcripts for Frozen Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The

Universitas Sumatera Utara analysis is elaborated based on the words used in the movie and the analysis is explained in paragraphs.

(1) And who could forget the completely unnecessary, unexplained magical troll rocks! When disaster strikes, watch Anna save the day by teaming up with — her sister, a merchant, a hot guy, and a snowman to defeat villain like — her sister, a merchant, a hot guy and a snowman. (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Frozen - 2013).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. In the context of honest movie trailers, the meaning of register is absolute or definite. The word villain means the bad person in a work of fiction; often the main antagonist of the hero.

(2) So gather the family and sing along on a musical journey; that’s all about the sound track! Featuring unforgettable songs like… the exposition song! (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Frozen - 2013).

The phrasal form of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is the meaning that can be understood without contexts. In the context of honest movie trailers, the voice over frequently mentions the words ‘exposition song’ to explain the functions of a soundtrack in a movie. The word exposition refers to an opening section in a movie, by which background information about the characters, events, or setting is conveyed. And the word song refers to a musical composition with lyrics for voice(s), performed by singing. Hence, exposition song refers to a song that conveys the background information about the characters, events, or setting.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.2.1.2 Primary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Big Hero 6

Here are the examples of primary meaning of register in passages of the transcripts for Big Hero 6 Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used in the movie and the analysis is explained in paragraphs.

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. In the context of honest movie trailers, the meaning of register is absolute or definite. The word Oscar, in the field of movie industries, it means an academy award for worthy actors or actresses based on their performances as a certain character in a movie.

(2) Prepare for a movie based on a Marvel comic you had no idea existed (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. The word movie refers to a recorded sequence of images displayed on a screen at a rate sufficiently fast to create the appearance of motion.

(3) Disney removed all the Marvel branding from and didn't tie into the Marvel Cinematic Universe, despite the fact that it has a team of quippy heroes going up against a forgettable villain with a

Universitas Sumatera Utara vague plan, in a final battle with a sky-based doomsday device made of disposable robots, and an after-credits scene with Stan Lee (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

In the context of honest movie trailers, the meaning of register is absolute or definite. The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The word villain refers to the bad person in a work of fiction; often the main antagonist of the hero.

(4) He's a protagonist with the hair of a Japanese anime and the tooth gap of every kid from recent western animation (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. The word protagonist refers to the main character, or one of the main characters, in any story, such literary work or drama.

(5) Prepare for a movie based on a Marvel comic you had no idea existed, that Disney removed all the Marvel branding from and didn't tie into the Marvel Cinematic Universe, despite the fact that it has a team of quippy heroes going up against a forgettable villain with a vague plan, in a final battle with a sky-based doomsday device made of disposable robots, and an after credits scene with Stan Lee (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The phrasal form of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. The word after is an adverb which means later in time. The word credit refers to the written titles and other information about the TV program or movie

Universitas Sumatera Utara shown at the beginning and/or end of the TV program of movie. The word scene refers to the place, time, circumstance, etc., in which anything occurs, or in which the action of a story, play, or the like, is laid. Hence, after credits scene refers to a short clip that appears after all or some closing credits have rolled and sometimes after a production logo of a film has run.

(6) He's a protagonist with the hair of a Japanese anime and the tooth gap of every kid from recent western animation. Thrill as this miniature version of Tony Stark makes inventions that will put everyone on Earth out of a job and immediately transforms his inherited health care robot into a killing machine. It's like Terminator 2, but in reverse (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The phrasal form of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. The words Japanese Anime refer to cartoon animations that are created in Japan or originally owned by Japanese movie industries.

(7) He's a protagonist with the hair of a Japanese anime and the tooth gap of every kid from recent Western animation. Thrill as this miniature version of Tony Stark makes inventions that will put everyone on Earth out of a job and immediately transforms his inherited health care robot into a killing machine. It's like Terminator 2, but in reverse (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The phrasal form of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. The words Western animation refer to the cartoon animations that are created in the Western countries or originally owned by Western movie industries.

Universitas Sumatera Utara (8) Experience a moving film about the power of friendship, forgiveness, and innovation...until it turns into a cookie-cutter superhero origin story with a dumb Scooby-Doo twist and a supporting cast that's literally forgettable. But who cares? Baymax is bay! (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

The phrasal form of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. The word superhero refers to a type of heroic stock character who possesses supernatural or superhuman powers and who is dedicated to fighting crime, protecting the public and usually battling supervillains. The word origin refers to the beginning of something. And the word story refers to a sequence of real or fictional events. Hence, the phrasal form superhero origin story refers to the previous original story of superhero movies.

4.2.1.3 Primary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Maleficent

Here are the examples of primary meaning of register in passages of the transcripts for Maleficent Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used in the movie and the analysis is explained in paragraphs.

(1) Watch everything scary and fun about Maleficent get neutered by the same thing that neutered Darth Vader: backstory (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The

Universitas Sumatera Utara meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. In the context of honest movie trailers, the word backstory refers to the previous life and experiences of a character in a dramatic work, such as the TV program and movie.

(2) From the studio behind the animated classics that defined a generation and the bloated, gritty action reboot that defined this generation comes another Disney cash grab that will ruin everything you loved about another childhood classic: Male- efficient...Male-fickant...Melee-fyckent...screw it, Sleeping Beauty (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The phrasal form of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. In the register in honest movie trailer, the word action refers to the events, either real or imaginary, forming the subject or a movie. And the word reboot refers to the restarting of a series storyline that discards all previous continuity.

Hence, the phrasal form action reboot refers to the restarting or a series storyline in live action version that discards the previous continuity.

4.2.1.4 Primary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for The Jungle Book

Here are the examples of primary meaning of register in passages of the transcripts for The Jungle Book Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies.

The analysis is elaborated based on the words used in the movie and the analysis is explained in paragraphs.

Universitas Sumatera Utara (1) Disney is remaking all their animated classics into live-action movies, and Jungle Book was next on the spreadsheet. So pull up your red diaper and join the pack for this well-written, visually stunning, action-packed movie with great characters...? Look, I'm not gonna lie; this thing is way better than it deserved to be (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The phrasal form of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. In the register in honest movie trailers, the words live-action means cinematography or videography that does not use animation. And the word movie refers to a recorded sequence of images displayed on a screen at a rate sufficiently fast to create the appearance of motion. Hence, the phrasal form live-action movie refers to movies with human characters and mostly real setting of place.

The phrasal form of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. The word deleted is the past participle of delete. The word scene refers to the place, time, circumstance, etc., in which anything occurs, or in which the action of a story, play, or the like, is laid. Hence, the phrasal form deleted

Universitas Sumatera Utara scene refers to a scene in a movie production that is discarded for certain reasons.

The phrasal form of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. The words blue screen refer to a blue background in front of which movie subjects are filmed and which allows a separately filmed background to be added to the final image. The word studio refers to a place where films are made. Hence, the phrasal form blue screen studio refers to a studio for movie production with the movie making techniques of blue background chromakey.

(4) Enjoy a remake that didn't just improve on the original story; they also cherry-picked the only two good songs, then, for some reason, give a classic like "Bare Necessities" to two people who can barely sing and turn "I Wan'na Be like You" into a Christopher Walken solo number, and we all know how that turns out (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

Universitas Sumatera Utara to the first in a series or versions. The word story refers to a sequence of real or fictional events. Hence, the phrasal form original story refers to the story of the previous movie as the first or original one.

4.2.1.5 Primary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean

Here are the examples of primary meaning of register in passages of the transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean Honest Movie Trailers by Screen

Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used in the movie and the analysis is explained in paragraphs.

(1) Once upon a time, Johnny Depp was the most intriguing actor in Hollywood (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. In the context of honest movie trailers, the word actor refers to a person who performs in a theatrical play or film.

(2) Turning him into a boring parody of himself. But who cares? Now he owns a f*cking island (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. In the context of honest movie trailers, the word parody refers to a work or performance that imitates another work or performance with ridicule or irony.

Universitas Sumatera Utara (3) Watch this Oscar-worthy match between actor and role as he hams it up with a trademark barrage of catchphrases, impractical escapes, and silly walks, in this half-drunk Keith Richards impression that really should be dead by now (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a

primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The

meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. In the

context of honest movie trailer, the word role refers to a character or part

played a performer or actor in a movie.

(4) and women dressed in cinema's least convincing boy disguises. (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a

primary meaning, which is meaning that can be present without contexts. The

meaning of register is absolute in the context of honest movie trailers. In the

context of honest movie trailer, the word cinema refers to a film.

4.2.2 Secondary Meaning

Santoso (2003: 19) states that secondary meaning is meaning that can be understood or identified through contexts. Secondary meaning is the additional meaning in words caused by the objective responses of the speakers. The following is the examples of secondary meaning of register in passages of the transcripts for Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The following is examples of secondary meaning of register in Honest Movie Trailers for five

Disney Movies.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.2.2.1 Secondary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Frozen

Here are the examples of secondary meaning of register in passages of the transcripts for Frozen Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used in the movie and the analysis is explained in paragraphs.

Experience a clever twist on past Disney films; that teaches girls everywhere, they don’t need a prince to rescue them because all men are disgusting loners, greedy murderers, or lying, manipulative power-hungry sociopaths! (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Frozen - 2013).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word twist refers to many things that are twisted or rotated. In the context of honest movie trailers, the word twist means an unexpected turn in a story or a movie or in other words twist is the unexpected events that occur in a movie.

4.2.2.2 Secondary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Big Hero 6

Here are the examples of secondary meaning of register in passages of the transcripts for Big Hero 6 Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used in the movie and the analysis is explained in paragraphs.

Before you see the latest CGI kids' movie that adults will probably get more out of, revisit the Disney hit that made you laugh, cry, won an Oscar, and best of all, isn't Frozen (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Big Hero 6 - 2014).

Universitas Sumatera Utara The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word revisit refers to act of going and meeting again. In the context of honest movie trailers, the particular verb refers to the action of watching a movie again or going to a movie theater again.

4.2.2.3 Secondary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Maleficent

Here are the examples of secondary meaning of register in passages of the transcripts for Maleficent Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used in the movie and the analysis is explained in paragraphs.

(1) Two giant cheekbones star in the modern retelling of Sleeping Beauty -- this time from the villain's perspective (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word star refers to any small luminous dot appearing in the cloudless portion of the night sky, especially with a fixed location relative to other such dots. In the context of honest movie trailer, the particular word means to feature a performer or a headliner, especially in a movie or an entertainment program.

(2) where the character you loved for being pure evil and turning into an awesome dragon is no longer evil, and doesn't even turn

Universitas Sumatera Utara into a dragon? (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word character has meanings two of which are as a distinguishing feature and the strength of mind. In the context of honest movie trailer, the particular word refers to a being involved in the action of a story.

(3) So experience a more modern take on Sleeping Beauty where we learn the most important lesson of all: if your movie comes out after Frozen, true love only exists between two girls (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word take refers to action of seizing or capturing. In the context of honest movie trailer, the particular word refers to a scene recorded (filmed) at one time, without an interruption or break; a recording of such a scene.

(4) From the studio (Disney) behind the animated classics that defined a generation and the bloated, gritty action reboot that defined this generation comes another Disney cash grab that will ruin everything you loved about another childhood classic: Male- efficient...Male-fickant... Melee-fyckent... screw it, Sleeping Beauty (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

Universitas Sumatera Utara an instance of rebooting in computing. In the context of honest movie trailer, the particular word refers to the restarting of a series storyline that discards all previous continuity in narratology.

(5) Two giant cheekbones star in the modern retelling of Sleeping Beauty -- this time from the villain's perspective -- where the character you loved for being pure evil and turning into an awesome dragon is...no longer evil, and doesn't even turn into a dragon? (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Maleficent - 2014).

The phrasal form of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word retelling means a second or subsequent telling, where it is not know what is retold without adding the context in the word. In honest movie trailer, the particular phrasal form refers to a second subsequent telling of a story in modern styles.

4.2.2.4 Secondary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for The Jungle Book

Here are the examples of secondary meaning of register in passages of the transcripts for The Jungle Book Honest Movie Trailers by Screen Junkies.

The analysis is elaborated based on the words used in the movie and the analysis is explained in paragraphs.

Universitas Sumatera Utara The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word director is one who directs; the person in charge of managing a department or directorate or production. Without contexts, the type of director that is mentioned or written is not known or understood, whether it is a director of department or section or it is a director of a film production. In the context of honest movie trailer, the particular word refers to the person in charge of managing a movie production.

(2) The year's best film about talking animals, which is really saying something because there's been, like, ten of 'em already and the year's not even done yet (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word film is basically related to movie, such as a thin layer of some substance used to project motion pictures, a medium used to capture images in a camera, a movie itself, and it is the act of recording a motion picture on photographic film. Without context, the meaning of the word is difficult to catch. In the context of honest movie trailers, especially in the transcript passage above, the particular word means a movie.

(3) Disney is remaking all their animated classics into live-action movies, and Jungle Book was next on the spreadsheet (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

Universitas Sumatera Utara The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word spreadsheet can mean a sheet of paper, marked with a grid, in which financial data is recorded and totals calculated manually. In the context of honest movie trailers, the particular word refers to a computer simulation of such a system of recording tabular data to create a movie, especially an animation movie.

(4) Now, they're giving a new twist to an old classic (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word twist refers to many things that are twisted or rotated. In the context of honest movie trailers, the word twist means an unexpected turn in a story or a movie or in other words twist is the unexpected events that occur in a movie.

(5) this one has a plot (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word plot can mean a secret plan to achieve something or a graph or diagram drawn by hand or produced by mechanical or electronic device. In the context of honest movie trailers, the particular word refers to the course of a story in a movie, comprising a series of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means.

Universitas Sumatera Utara (6) in a groundbreaking, definitive version of the story that's impossible to top, but Warner Bros. and Andy Serkis are gonna try in 2018 anyway (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for The Jungle Book - 2016).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word top means the highest part or component of an object. In the context of honest movie trailers, the particular word means to be in the lead, to be at number one position in the movie chart.

4.2.2.5 Secondary Meaning of Register in Screen Junkies’ Honest Movie

Trailers for Pirates of the Caribbean

Here are the examples of secondary meaning of register in passages of the transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean Honest Movie Trailers by Screen

Junkies. The analysis is elaborated based on the words used in the movie and the analysis is explained in paragraphs.

(1) Once upon a time, Johnny Depp was the most intriguing actor in Hollywood. Now, one hit franchise will usher in the end of his creative choices (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word franchise can mean the right to vote at a public election or referendum or an acknowledgment of a corporation’s existence and ownership, where the word cannot be understood without contexts. In the context of honest movie

Universitas Sumatera Utara trailers, the particular word refers to the loose collection of fictional works pertaining to a particular universe such as film or television series from various sources.

(2) Mustache or not, I would totally pork that dude (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

The single word of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word pork means the meat of pig. In the context of honest movie trailers, especially in the transcript passage above, the particular word means to have sex.

(3) Once upon a time, Johnny Depp was the most intriguing actor in Hollywood. Now, one hit franchise will usher in the end of his creative choices, turning him into a boring parody of himself. But who cares? Now he owns a f*cking island. Pirates of the Caribbean (Honest Movie Trailer’s Transcripts for Pirates of the Caribbean – 2003, 2006, 2007).

The phrasal form of register in the transcript passage above has a secondary meaning, which is meaning that cannot be understood without contexts. In general, based on Oxford dictionary, the word hit means to strike and the word franchise can mean the right to vote at a public election or referendum or an acknowledgment of a corporation’s existence and ownership. In the context of honest movie trailers, the phrasal form refers to the loose collection of fictional works that only achieves success once during any time in the existence or in other words it is only success for a little while.

Universitas Sumatera Utara Table 4.11: Word List of Primary and Secondary Meanings

No. Trailers No. Primary Meaning No. Secondary Meaning 1 Villain 1 1 Twist 1 Frozen 2 2 Exposition song 3 Oscar 1 2 Revisit 4 Movie 5 Villain 6 Protagonist 2 Big Hero 6 8 7 After credits scene 8 Japanese anime 9 Western animation 10 Superhero origin story 11 Backstory 3 Star 2 12 Action reboot 4 Character 3 Maleficent 5 5 Take 6 Reboot 7 Modern retelling 13 Live-action movie 8 Directors 14 Deleted scene 9 Film The Jungle 4 15 Blue screen studio 10 Spreadsheet 4 Book 6 16 Original story 11 Twist

12 Plot

13 Top 17 Actor 14 Franchise Pirates of 18 Parody 3 15 Pork 5 the 4 19 Role 16 One hit franchise Caribbean 20 Cinema Total: 20 16

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.3 The Most Dominant of Forms and Meanings of Register

4.3.1 The Most Dominant Forms of Register

Based on the analysis, the most dominant form of register in honest

movie trailers for five Disney movies is the single form with a total number

of 24 lingual units, whereas the total number of complex form is 15

(Affixation: 9, Abbreviation: 6) and a total number of phrasal form is 13

which makes it the less dominant form of register.

The reasons for the single form being the most dominant is that the

trailers try to grasp international viewers on Youtube that they use mostly

single form to explain about a movie as many people, especially non

English native speakers do not fully understand complex and phrasal forms

of register in English. Another reason is that many of the words used in the

trailers are nouns or things named with one word, such as: backstory, take,

oscar, twist, etc.

Table 4.12: Number and Percentage of Register Forms

No. Types of Forms Number of Forms Percentage

1 Single form 24 46.1%

Affixation 9 17.3% 2 Complex form Abbreviation 6 11.5%

3 Phrasal form 13 24%

Total 52 100%

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.3.2 The Most Dominant Meanings of Register

The most dominant meaning of register in honest movie trailers for

five Disney movies is primary meaning with a total number of 20, whereas

the total number of secondary meaning is 16. The reason for primary

meaning being the most dominant meaning of register is because primary

meaning is meaning that can be understood without context and the trailers

try not to give the viewers misunderstandings on the words used in the

trailers so that they can understand the message conveyed in an honest

movie trailer.

Table 4.13: Number and Percentage of Meanings of Register

No Types of Meanings Number of Meanings Percentage

1 Primary meaning 20 55.5%

2 Secondary meaning 16 44.4%

Total 36 100%

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.4 The Findings

The analysis focuses on five Disney honest movie trailers, which are five

videos, namely: Frozen (2013), Big Hero 6 (2014), Maleficent (2014), The

Jungle Book (2016) and Pirates of the Caribbean (2003, 2006, 2007).

The forms of register in this research are in the single, complex and

phrasal forms. The single form in this research has (24) lingual units which are

terms that consist of no smaller units: Frozen (3), Big Hero 6 (3), Maleficent (5),

The Jungle Book (7) and Pirates of the Caribbean (6). The complex form in this

research is the forms that consist of smaller units. The complex form is (15)

lingual units, which are in the forms of affixation: Frozen (2), Big Hero 6 (2),

Maleficent (2), The Jungle Book (2) and Pirates of the Caribbean (1) and

abbreviation: Frozen (1), Big Hero 6 (2), Maleficent (1), The Jungle Book (1) and

Pirates of the Caribbean (1). The phrasal form in honest movie trailers by Screen

Junkies has (13) lingual units: Frozen (1), Big Hero 6 (4), Maleficent (3), The

Jungle Book (4) and Pirates of the Caribbean (1).

The meaning analysis of register is categorized into two meanings,

namely: primary meaning, which is meaning which can be understood without

contexts or absolute meaning and secondary meaning which is meaning that

cannot be understood without contexts. The primary meaning in this research has

(20) lingual units: Frozen (2), Big Hero 6 (8), Maleficent (2), The Jungle Book

(4) and Pirates of the Caribbean (4). The secondary meaning in this research has

(16) lingual units: Frozen (1), Big Hero 6 (1), Maleficent (5), The Jungle Book

(6) and Pirates of the Caribbean (3).

Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the analysis that has been explained in the previous chapter, it

can be concluded that the forms of register in five videos of honest movie trailers

for Disney movies can be categorized based on the forms of register. The forms

of register in the honest movie trailers are single form, complex form and phrasal

form. There are found 24 lingual units of single forms and 15 lingual units of

complex form (9 lingual units of affixation form and 6 lingual units of

abbreviation form). There are also found 13 lingual units of phrasal form in

honest movie trailers. In total, there are 52 units of register form found in five

videos of Disney honest movie trailers.

The meanings of register in five videos of honest movie trailers for

Disney movies are categorized into two types of meanings, namely primary

meaning and secondary meaning. In this research there are found 20 lingual units

of primary meanings, which are meanings that can be understood without

contexts. The primary meaning is absolute and the words are used in honest

movie trailers. There are also found 16 lingual units of secondary meanings,

which are meanings that cannot be understood without contexts. In total, there

are 36 units of register meaning found in five videos of Disney honest movie

trailers.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 5.2 Suggestions

1. For further research about register, the researchers have to collect the printed

or written data. It is suggested that the researches collect the data directly

either spoken data or written data, such as books, newspaper, novels,

magazines, etc.

2. For readers who are interested in enriching their vocabulary used in honest

movie trailers, this research can be used to give them better understanding

and information on vocabulary used in honest movie trailers or movie making

fields.

Universitas Sumatera Utara REREFENCES

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Depdiknas. 2011. Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Yang Disempurnakan dan Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah. Bandung: Yrama Widya.

Hanafiah, Ridwan. 2016. Bahasa Komunikasi Partai Politik Lokal di Aceh. Tanggerang: Mahara Publishing.

Hasan, M. Iqbal. 2002. Pokok-pokok Materi Metodologi Penelitian dan Aplikasinya. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.

Hudson, R. A. 1996. Sociolingustics. UK: Cambridge University Press.

Jendra, Made Iwan Indrawan. 2010. Sociolinguistics the Study of Societies’ Languages. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

Keraf, Gorys. 2004. Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa. Florest: Nusa Indah.

Lacey, Anne and Donna Luff. 2009. Qualitative Data Analysis. USA: NIHR RDS EM.

Leech, Geoffrey. 1981. Semantics: The Study of Meaning. Harmonsworth: Penguin Books Ltd.

Mason, Jennifer. 2002. Qualitative Researching. London: SAGE Publication Ltd.

Merril, Francis. 1957. Society and Culture. England: Prentice- Hall

Palmer, F.R. 1976. Semantics: A new Jutline. London: Cambridge University.

Ramlan. 1987. Sintaksis. Yogyakarta: CV Karyono.

Ramlan. 2009. Morfologi Suatu Tinjauan Deskriptif. Yogyakarta: CV Karyono.

Riemer, Nick. 2010. Introducing Semantics. UK: Cambridge University Press.

Salzman, Zdenek.1998. Language, Culture and Society. England : Basford Ltd

Universitas Sumatera Utara Santoso, J. 2003. Diktat Pegangan Kuliah Semantik. Yogyakarta: FBS UNY.

Stern, George. 2001. Learners' Grammar Dictionary. Western Australia: Learners Publishing Pte Ltd

Thomas, Linda and Shan Wareing. 2000. Language, Society and Power. London: TJ International LTD.

Trudgill, Peter. 1974. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction. UK, Harmondsworth: Penguin Book.

Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2010. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Singapore: Willey- Blackwell.

Universitas Sumatera Utara APPENDIX

A. Frozen (2013)

From the studio that finally learned how to make Pixar movies, and song writing duo behind Hasa Diga Eebowai comes the feature length music video for Let It Go – Frozen.

Welcome to Arendelle, a magical-lish, Scandinavian-nish country, that’s been cursed with eternal winter, even though their main export is ice.

Meet Elsa, a manic-depressive princess with a confusing set of powers like snowblasting, dress-making, castle-building and creating life?

You’re alive?

Uh, I think so.

They kind of gross over that one. Fall in love with her adorkable sister, Anna, who spends 3 years of her adult life shut inside a castle, even though she could leave it any time.

And who could forget the completely unnecessary, unexplained magical troll rocks! When disaster strikes, watch Anna save the day by teaming up with — her sister, a merchant, a hot guy, and a snowman to defeat villains like — her sister, a merchant, a hot guy and a snowman.

You won’t get away with this!

I already have.

Universitas Sumatera Utara Happy now, Jezebel?

So gather the family and sing along on a musical journey; that’s all about the sound track! Featuring unforgettable songs like… the exposition song!

B. Big Hero 6 (2014)

Before you see the latest CGI kids' movie that adults will probably get more out of, revisit the Disney hit that made you laugh, cry, won an Oscar, and best of all, isn't Frozen: Big Hero 6.

Prepare for a movie based on a Marvel comic you had no idea existed, that Disney removed all the Marvel branding from and didn't tie into the Marvel Cinematic Universe, despite the fact that it has a team of quippy heroes going up against a forgettable villain with a vague plan, in a final battle with a sky-based doomsday device made of disposable robots, and an after-credits scene with Stan Lee. I mean, c'mon, this is the Marvel-iest non-Marvel movie ever.

Journey to a way less foggy, slightly more Asian version of San Francisco, and meet Baymax, an adorable combination of WebMD and a marshmallow. He's the inflatable robo-nurse everyone wants to cuddle with...until you realize he's voiced by the depressed, middle-aged comedy writer from 30 Rock. Ewww.

Watch Baymax team up with this super-orphaned hero Hiro...Hido? Is it "Hiro" or "Hido"? Whawhatever. He's a protagonist with the hair of a Japanese anime and the tooth gap of every kid from recent western animation (shows Hiccup from How to Train Your Dragon and Riley from Inside Out). Thrill as this miniature version of Tony Stark makes inventions that will put everyone on Earth out of a job and immediately transforms his inherited health care robot into a killing machine. It's like Terminator 2, but in reverse.

After the sci-fi pessimism of Wall-E, experience a kids' film that's so into science, it turns it into magic justified by the tiniest bit of scientific mumbo jumbo.

Yeah, um...Wingardium Leviosa! -- and watch as these scrappy college kids create billion-dollar inventions and get rewarded with...dinner, just like the NCAA.

Universitas Sumatera Utara Experience a moving film about the power of friendship, forgiveness, and innovation...until it turns into a cookie-cutter superhero origin story with a dumb Scooby-Doo twist and a supporting cast that's literally forgettable. But who cares? Baymax is bay!

So enjoy another entry in what might be a new Disney animated renaissance, that takes the cold, emotionless fields of science and engineering and transforms them into a heartwarming tale with the power of hugs, lots and lots of hugs.

C. Maleficent (2014)

From the studio (Disney) behind the animated classics that defined a generation and the bloated, gritty action reboot that defined this generation comes another Disney cash grab that will ruin everything you loved about another childhood classic: Male- efficient...Male-fickant...Melee-fyckent...screw it, Sleeping Beauty (Maleficent).

Two giant cheekbones (Angelina Jolie) star in the modern retelling of Sleeping Beauty -- this time from the villain's perspective -- where the character you loved for being pure evil and turning into an awesome dragon is...no longer evil, and doesn't even turn into a dragon...?

Why is he the dragon? You had one job, Disney!

Instead, watch as the sorceress whose name literally means "evil" mildly punks people, feels sorry, and is only mean because she was roofied and mutilated by her childhood love. Ughhh, have fun explaining that to your kids.

Watch everything scary and fun about Maleficent get neutered by the same thing that neutered Darth Vader: backstory, where you'll learn the answers to questions you never had like, what if Maleficent grew up in a low-rent Avatar rip-off? What if the original was full of generic CGI battle scenes? Was Maleficent's pet crow actually a human slave? Where did her stick come from? And did Maleficent spend most of her time creepily watching Sleeping Beauty grow up from a few feet away? Yes, she did, apparently.

But it's not just the Angelina Jolie show. Instead, spend time with one-dimensional caricatures, like the mean king (Stefan); the handsome prince (Philip); the cute

Universitas Sumatera Utara princess (Aurora); and the three fairies you loved from the original (Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather), who are now three hideous idiots whose stupidity borders on child abuse (Knotgrass, Thistlewit, and Flittle).

Way to f*ck up fairies, Disney.

So experience a more modern take on Sleeping Beauty where we learn the most important lesson of all: if your movie comes out after Frozen, true love only exists between two girls. Aw, yeah.

Sleeping Beauty: The Bad One.

We're gonna be honest, this wasn't our best trailer, but this wasn't Disney's best movie either. Next week's will be way better, trust us.

D. The Jungle Book (2016)

From Jon Favreau, the guy who went from playing Mike in Swingers to becoming one of today's best directors, to one of the worst, to one of the best again, comes the year's best film about talking animals...which is really saying something because there's been, like, ten of 'em already and the year's not even done yet. The Jungle Book.

Disney is remaking all their animated classics into live-action movies, and Jungle Book was next on the spreadsheet. So pull up your red diaper and join the pack for this well-written, visually stunning, action-packed movie with great characters...? Look, I'm not gonna lie; this thing is way better than it deserved to be.

You remember loving the original animated Jungle Book, even though it's really not that good. Now, they're giving a new twist to an old classic: this one has a plot. Follow along on a young man's search for acceptance in this winning combination of The Lion King, a Ben Kingsley nature documentary, and a kid-friendly version of The Revenant. Geez, I hope there's no deleted scene where he sleeps inside of a rhino.

Journey deep inside a downtown Los Angeles bluescreen studio, where a grown man spent months playing with a little boy in his underwear, that they turned into this...?

Universitas Sumatera Utara Holy crap. There, you'll meet Mowgli, a parkour-loving orphan MacGyver who must leave the safety of his family to escape Shere Khan, a scary f***ing tiger. Khan will do whatever it takes to keep his jungle safe, even if it turns him into a monster, while Mowgli will prove Shere Khan right by using man's destructive fire to stop him. So, wait, which one's wrong? This is a lot of depth for a kid's movie.

Enter a whole new world of Hollywood A-listers pretending to be animals who act just like those same Hollywood A-listers, like Baloo, a lovable old Bill Murray type; King Louie, a giant ape who appears whenever you play the cowbell...kind of like Christopher Walken; and Kaa, a boa constrictor with sexy exposition eyes who proves that, whether she's playing a killer alien (Under the Skin), a fancy iPod (Her), or a giant snake, Scarlett Johansson's voice will probably still turn you on.

Enjoy a remake that didn't just improve on the original story; they also cherry-picked the only two good songs, then, for some reason, give a classic like "Bare Necessities" to two people who can barely sing and turn "I Wan'na Be like You" into a Christopher Walken solo number, and we all know how that turns out.

So strap in for a movie full of incredible sets, photo-realistic animals, and the word "man-cub", in a groundbreaking, definitive version of the story that's impossible to top, but Warner Bros. and Andy Serkis are gonna try in 2018 anyway, because God forbid a CGI movie come out that doesn't include Andy Serkis. Hey, hey, guys? Y'know, sometimes it's okay to just, y'know, like, not make a movie.

Starring One Real Boy, A Bunch of Random Guys in Blue Bodysuits, Other Guys in Motion-Capture Leotards, Cute Little Hand Puppets, Giant Creepy Puppet Heads, Even Creepier Puppeteers, A Log, Some Grass, Flatscreen Monitors, Very Temporary CGI, Jon Favreau Pretending to Be a Bear, and A Whole Lot of Bluuuuescreen.

Jungle Book Too: The Wrath of Shere Khan.

So, I know we mentioned it when we did the original, but Jungle Book 2 is totally gonna set up TaleSpin, right? Please?

Universitas Sumatera Utara E. Pirates of the Caribbean – the trilogy (2003, 2006, 2007)

Witness the Disneyfication of pirates, history's most notorious foul-mouthed rapists and murderers, where the cursing is PG, rape becomes raid, and murder is physically impossible. Buckle your swashes for Curse of the Black Pearl, a straightforward adventure romp that everyone loved; then Dead Man's Chest, that everyone was sort of on board for, where they all betray each other to find a teleporting squid monster's heart; At World's End, that everyone was totally fed up with, where they all betray each other while the squid monster teams up with the British East India Trading Company, causing the pirate UN to release a sea goddess who's in love with the squid monster, except for when she isn't; and On Stranger Tides, that finally got -- wait, what? They made a fourth one? Ughhh, how many of these things can they do? They're based on a f*cking theme park ride, for God's sakes.

Johnny Depp shines as Jack Sparrow, the legendary pirate made out of dreadlocks and guyliner. Watch this Oscar-worthy match between actor and role as he hams it up with a trademark barrage of catchphrases, impractical escapes, and silly walks, in this half-drunk Keith Richards impression that really should be dead by now...kind of like Keith Richards.

Spend the rest of your time in the pale embrace of the boring lovers, Orlando Bloom and Keira Knightley, two perfect faces in the middle of a scurvy-ridden hellhole whose "will they/won't they" relationship will have everyone saying "Where did Jack Sparrow go?", until they're replaced in the fourth one by their cheaper, but just as pale equivalents.

Batten down the hatches for nearly ten overstuffed maritime hours of impossible sword fights, stupid wigs, terrible teeth, alcoholism, that song from the ride, and women dressed in cinema's least convincing boy disguises. Mustache or not, I would totally pork that dude.

Universitas Sumatera Utara