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Um Lugar Extremo Do Tejo

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Um Lugar Extremo Do Tejo Projeto Final de Mestrado para Obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Arquitetura UM LUGAR EXTREMO DO TEJO Projeto de Reabilitação do Forte da Trafaria para um Centro de Artes e Tecnologia Joana Candeias Coelho | Licenciada Orientação Científica Professor Doutor José Manuel Aguiar Portela da Costa Júri Presidente: Professor Doutor Daniel Maurício Santos de Jesus Vogal: Professor Doutor Luís Miguel Cotrim Mateus Documento Definitivo Lisboa, FAUL, Março 2020 UM LUGAR EXTREMO DO TEJO Projeto de Reabilitação do Forte da Trafaria para um Centro de Artes e Tecnologia Joana Candeias Coelho | Janeiro 2020 IV Um Lugar Extremo do Tejo Agradecimentos Agradeço a todas as pessoas que contribuiram para a realização deste trabalho e que me motivaram todos os dias a fazer mais e melhor. Não sendo possível agradecer individualmente a cada uma, dedico uma especial atenção: Ao professor José Aguiar, que me orientou e demonstrou estar sempre disponível para me auxiliar. Por me incentivar a arriscar e a melhorar, levando-me a criar uma nova perspetiva sobre a reabilitação. Aos meus pais e irmã, que sempre me apoiaram e motivaram a ultrapassar os obstáculos e a alcançar objetivos, tornando-me na pessoa que sou hoje. Ao Filipe, que aguentou os momentos mais críticos deste percurso, sem nunca desistir de me motivar e apoiar. À Mónica, uma grande companheira que caminhou comigo e que tornou as noitadas mais fáceis, nunca deixando desistir. À minha família e amigos, que ao longo deste percurso acreditaram no meu sucesso, demonstrando um grande carinho e amizade que contribuiu para a realização e conclusão deste trabalho. Obrigado a todos por estarem do meu lado. V Joana Candeias Coelho | Janeiro 2020 VI Um Lugar Extremo do Tejo Resumo A reabilitação de preexistências é um tema cada vez mais presente na nossa sociedade, sobretudo onde o território é fortemente marcado por edifícios devoluto e espaços vancantes, o que merece um olhar mais atento. Com o pós-guerra foram diversas as estruturas militares que caíram em desuso e consequente abandono, resultando num vasto património histórico e artístico que deve ser alvo de projetos que os devolvam à cidade e à estima pública, resgatando-os da decadência em que se encontram. Perante esta questão, o presente trabalho incide sobre a necessidade de reutilizar o património militar devoluto, com um grande potencial para a regeneração urbana e para o desenvolvimento de novas centralidades. O principal foco é o território da Trafaria, que apesar da importância histórica e do património militar que alberga, enfrenta problemas de integração na cidade e de envelhecimento da população residente, fatores que levam ao seu isolamento e degradação urbana. Neste sentido, o projeto tem como finalidade a requalificação e consolidação da frente ribeirinha da Trafaria e a reabilitação do Forte da Trafaria através da inserção de novos usos, procurando atrair mais população para esta zona da cidade e potenciar o desenvolvimento sócio-económino local. Esta intervenção tem como fim a reintegração das estruturas militares na sua envolvente e na comunidade e, em simultanêamente, a valorização da memória e identidade do Forte Militar. Palavras-chave: Forte Militar; Trafaria; Reabilitação; Limite Urbano; Centro de Artes VII Joana Candeias Coelho | Janeiro 2020 VIII Um Lugar Extremo do Tejo Abstract The rehabilitation of preexisting structures is an increasingly present theme in our society, especially where the territory is strongly characterized by vacant buildings and empty spaces that deserve a more attentive look. With the post-war context, many were the military structures that fell in disuse and, consequently, in abandonment, resulting in a large range of historical and artistic patrimony which should be targeted by projects that return it back to the city and public respect, rescuing it from the decay it currently they currently face. Taking this topic into account, the present work focuses in the necessity of reusing the vacant military heritage, that shows a big potential for the urban regeneration and for the development of new centralities. The main focus is Trafaria’s territory that, besides it’s historic significance and the military heritage it holds, faces integration problems towards the city and also the aging of the population it shelters, factors that lead to urban isolation and degradation. Thus, the project aims rhe requalification and consolidation of Trafaria’s riverfront and the rehabilitation of Trafaria’s Fort through the implementation of new uses, so as to attract new population to this part of the city, boosting the local socioeconomic development. This intervention aims the reintegration of the military structures in it’s surroundings and in the local community and, simultaneously, the military’s fort valorization and memory. Key-words: Military Fortress; Trafaria; Rehabilitation; Urban Limits; Arts Center IX Joana Candeias Coelho | Janeiro 2020 X Um Lugar Extremo do Tejo Índice RESUMO VII ÍNDICE XI ÍNDICE DE IMAGENS XIII 1| INTRODUÇÃO 1 1.1| Enquadramento Temático 2 1.2| Objetivos 4 1.3| Metodologia 5 2| OS FORTES E O SEU VALOR CULTURAL 7 2.1| Património Militar 9 2.1.1| Património Militar como parte do Património Cultural 11 2.2| Conservação do Património Militar 13 2.3| O Sistema Defensivo da Margem Sul 15 3| A TRAFARIA E A DEFESA DE LISBOA 23 3.1| Formação de um Território 25 3.2| Estruturas Militares na Trafaria 29 3.3| O Forte da Trafaria 35 3.3.1| Caraterização dos Espaços 42 4| CASOS DE ESTUDO 51 4.1| Museu San Telmo 53 4.2| Cidadela de Cascais 59 4.3| Faculdade de Artes e Arquitetura da Universidade de Évora 63 5| UM CENTRO DE ARTES E TECNOLOGIAS 69 4.1| Programa 71 4.3| Plano Urbano 73 4.3| Proposta Arquitetónica 76 6| CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 85 7| BIBLIOGRAFIA 89 ANEXOS 93 XI Joana Candeias Coelho | Janeiro 2020 XII Um Lugar Extremo do Tejo Índice de Imagens 01. Forte da Trafaria XIX Fotografia da autora 02. Castelo de Almada após reparações de 1810 3 https://almada-virtual-museum.blogspot.com/search?q=defesa+de+lisboa 03. Carta Topográfica Militar da Península de Setúbal, 1813 16 Centro de cartografia FAUL 04. Proposta de evolução das fortificações da Margem Sul 19 Desenho da autora 05. Mapa de estudo das estrututas militares existentes sobre o território 20 Desenho da autora 06. Um pescador da Trafaria, 1919 26 http://olhai-lisboa.blogspot.com/2010/11/pescador-da-trafaria.html 07.Trafaria, vista geral e Rio Tejo 27 https://almada-virtual-museum.blogspot.com/2014/07/trafaria-e-cova-do- vapor-em-1946.html 08.Impacto do silos sobre a paisagem 28 Fotografia da autora 09. Estruturas militares na Trafaria 30 Desenho da autora 10. Torre de S. Sebastião vista do Rio Tejo 31 https://www.patrimonio.pt/post/2019/03/10/torre-velha-da-caparica-ou-a- desvalorização-do-património 11. Conjunto do Forte da Trafaria 32 Fotografia da autora 12. Bateria de Alpena 33 http://ruinarte.blogspot.com/2009/11/as-baterias-de-alpena-trafaria.html 13. 1ª Bateria da Raposeira 33 Fotografia da autora 14. Quartel do Grupo de Artilharia nº4, 1909 34 https://mar-da-costa.blogspot.com/2017/05/a-trafaria-em-1908.html 15. Planta do Forte da Trafaria, 1700-1900 35 Infraestruturas do Exército XIII Joana Candeias Coelho | Janeiro 2020 16. Planta do lugar da Trafaria 1793 37 Infraestruturas do Exército 17. Presído Naval na Trafaria: planta 2º pavimento, 1910 39 Infraestruturas do Exército 18. Proposta de estudo de evolução do Forte da Trafaria 40 Desenho da autoria 19. Vista aérea do Forte da Trafaria 42 Autor desconhecido 20. Aspeto atual da muralha do Forte 43 Fotografia da autora 21. Vista da Praceto Porto de Lisboa e do Forte 43 Fotografia da autora 22. Numeração do edificado 44 Desenho da autora 23. Edifício 1 e 2 - antiga habitação dos oficiais 44 Autora: Mariana Rodrigues 24. Edifício 3 - fachada da Igreja e dragoeiro 46 Autora: Mariana Rodrigues 25. Edifício 3 - interiores 46 Fotografias da autora 26. Edifício 4 - fachada do edifício das celas prisionais 46 Fotografias da autora 27. Edifício 4 - interior do edifício e das celas 47 Fotografias da autora 28. Edifício 5 - antigo refeitório e patamar 47 Fotografias da autora 29. Edifício 6 - fachada e interiores 48 Fotografias da autora 30. Edifício 6 - vista sobre o conjunto, edifício 3 e 5 48 Fotografias da autora 31. Anexos 49 Fotografias da autora 32. Edifício 7 - fachada principal 49 Fotografias da autora 33. Relação entre o novo volume e a preexistência 53 https://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/18/san-telmo-museum-extension-by- nieto-sobejano-arquitectos/ XIV Um Lugar Extremo do Tejo 34. Fachada principal do antigo convento dominicano 54 https://www.santelmomuseoa.eus/index.php?option=com_ flexicontent&view=items&id=5200&cid=1&Itemid=23&lang=en 35. Relação entre o novo volume com a envolvente urbana e natural 56 https://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/18/san-telmo-museum-extension-by- nieto-sobejano-arquitectos/ 36. Maquete do projeto do Museu de San Telmo 56 http://www.arch2o.com/san-telmo-museum-nieto-sobejano-arquitectos/ arch2osan-telmo-museum-nieto-sobejano-arquitectos-34/ 37. Fachada metálica com alguma vegetação 57 https://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/18/san-telmo-museum-extension-by- nieto-sobejano-arquitectos/ 38. Conexões entre o edifício novo e antigo 57 https://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/18/san-telmo-museum-extension-by- nieto-sobejano-arquitectos/ 39. Planta do piso térreo 58 https://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/18/san-telmo-museum-extension-by- nieto-sobejano-arquitectos/ 40. Corte transversal 58 https://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/18/san-telmo-museum-extension-by- nieto-sobejano-arquitectos/ 41. Conexão entre volumes 59 https://www.archilovers.com/projects/73904/cascais-citadel-hotel.html 42. A Cidadela de Cascais antes da intervenção 60 https://www.goncalobyrnearquitectos.com/citadel-of-cascais-home 43.
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