llE CONTRIBUTION OF RELIGIOUS CENTERS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN . A CASE OF UGANDA MARTYRSNAMUGONGO

BY

ARITU.JlJNA CLAIRE

1163-05054-06103

,t lUSi•:ARCII REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF ECONOMICS AND ENl IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQlflREMl~T\'TS FOH TME A WARD OF A BACHELOR OF TOURISM AND HOTEL IVlAN1\GEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL UNlVERSITY

SEPTl,:J\1 BER, 2018 Approval

I ce rti fy that th is research report under the title "The contribution of rel igious centers to the dc ve lop rncnt of to uri sm in Uganda.'' a case of Uganda Martyrs " has been carried out by Ar i1ujuna Claire and it is ready fo r submission to the College of Economics and Vla11agcrn ent. Kampa la Un i ersity with my approval.

Date .. J~,-~.C?. / -~-!.~......

MRS. 1HJWEEBY A NAKACWA KASOZI .S

(S UPERV ISO R)

ii Dedication

This research report is lovingly dedicated to my parents and other family members who have been my constant source of inspiration. They have given m~ the drive and discipline to tackle my iask with enthusiasm and determination. Without their love and support, this project would 1101 bei2:n made possible.

iii Acknowledgement

This study has been a long journey and I feel indebted to those who participated m their own ways to make il a succcs~;. I thank the almighty God for his special grace and protection over the (:ntire rh:-rioc! of my work. Special appreciation goes to my supervisor Mrs. Muweebya Nakacwa l

I also ,, ish lo acknowledge the support that I received from my family and friends during this di !Ti cull tink:.

Special Thanks go to my uncles. sisters and all brothers for the support and comfort I received li·nm th..:111 which enabled me accomplish this course with less difficulty. I vvill forever live to rernernber your efforts.

I \\ould also like to extend 111y acknowledgement to my friends for providing me the relevant infimnalion for the study which made this \Vork eomplete. Once again may God bless you all!

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration ...... i 1\pprov;ll ...... ii Dedication ...... iii .Ackno\vledgen1cnt ...... iv LIST()!·' T/,Bl.ES ...... vii LIST ()1-' PL;\TES ...... viii /\hslrac' ...... ix

AP.rER ()NE ...... 1 t.O l11tn1duction ...... l 1.1 13ackgrouncl 10 the study ...... 1 1.2 Stakme11t ol'thc problem ...... 3 I .J Ge1h:ral (Jb,iective ...... 3 l.l Specific Objectives ol'the study ...... 3 I .5 Research ()uestions ...... 3 1.6 S,:ope ol'thc study ...... 4 I.6. l Con lent scope ...... 4 1.6.2 (icographical scope ...... 4 1.6.3 Ti1nc Scope ...... , ...... 4

1.6.4 \i2,(nil1cancc of the study ...... , ...... 4 1.6.5 Opera1io1rnl definitions ...... 5

!A p·rEJ< 'rYV() ...... 6 l,l'l'El

IAPT.ER. ·rlJitEE ...... 10 RESE!\ RC: ll E:rll(JDiOJ,(>GY ...... 10 ·,.() lrtn1ductio11 ...... l 0 3.1 Research design ...... 10 ·,. I Study Area ...... 10 :L 1. l Hi:.;torical background ...... I I ·, .2 Study population ...... 12 3 .. :i San1ple Size ...... 12 3.•l San-ipling Techniques ...... 13 3.5.2 Prirnar) l)ata ...... 14 .1.5.3 Secondary Data ...... 14 3.6 Datn Collection Methods ...... 14 3.6.1 Questionnaires ...... 14 ·1.(J.2 Intervie\\' guide ...... 14 ·l.7 Data processing. analysis and presentation ...... 15 ·i.7. l [);ita proccssing ...... 15

\I 3.8.0 Data presentation ...... 15 3.8.1 [)ata analysis ...... 15 3.8.2 Data validity and reliability ...... 16 3.8.2.0 Validily of the data ...... 16 3.8.2.1 Reliability of the data ...... 16 3.8.2.2 Uhical Considerations ...... 16 3.8.2.3 ! imitations to the Stucly ...... 16

Ar·r1,·:1i F()UR. ············· ...... l8 RFSlJLTS /\.NJ) DISC:l:SS(()NS ...... 18 4.0 Introcluctio11 ...... 18 4.1 Dernographic Charnckristics ...... 18 •I.I. I Tile G1:ndt-r o I' respondents ...... 18 •I. I. 2 The Age o I' respondents ...... 19 1.1.3 The [dt1cJlion of R.::spondents ...... 19 1.1.3 Working l.xpcrie11c,;: ...... 20 •1.2 Co11tribulion of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo to Tourism development in Uganda ...... 20 U The challenges l~1eed by Uganda Martyrs Namigongo in tourists development in Uganda ... 24 1.1 The solutions to the challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Namugongo in developing tourism in uganda ...... 27

•CHlAP.fEI< 1VE ...... 31 SUIVIMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 31 5.0 lntrnduction ...... 31 5.1 Su1T1n1ar)' ol' the study ...... 31 5.1.1 The conlribulion ,.)f Uganda Martyrs Narnugoongo to the develop tourism in Uganda ...... 31 5.1.2 Tl1e challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Narnugongo in developing tourism in Ugancla .. 31 'i. 1.3 Tli,;; ~olutions to the challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Narnugongo in developing tourisIY1 in Ugancla ...... 32 '.i.J Conclusion ...... 32 5.·1 Rec:imrnendation to the Study ...... 33 5.5 l\rc::,1s or Further Research ...... 33

RE FEJ;~EN·CFS ...... 34 ,\PPEr•,:01( ...... '"··· ...... 36 -\IJl>l·'.Nl)IX I: RES EA RC H J:--✓ STRUMEN'l'S ...... 36 ,\Pf>FNDIX I: INTERVll::W GUIDE used in phase I ...... 36 :\PPFNDIX ll ...... 40 UGANDA MARTYRS SHRINE NA!VIUGONGO HISTORICAL GALLERY ...... 40

vi LIST OF TABLES

Table I Showing the gender of respondents ...... 18 Table 2: Showing the Age or Respondents ...... 19 Table 3· Showing the Education ofRespondents ...... 19 Table 4• Showing the Working Experience ...... 20 T:1hle 5· Uganda Martyrs Namugongo is contributing to the development of tourism in Uganda. ········· .. ·································· ...... 20 Table (i: \Jganda lVIanyrs attracts tourists to Uganda ...... 21 Table 7· Provides revenue to the governmen1 ,vhich influences tourism development ...... 21 T:1ble )•:: Uganda Martyrs Namugongo has recreation facilities to increase domestic tourism in Li nda. ·"······················ ...... 22 T:1ble 9 Uganda Martyrs \Jarnugongo has visitors who go there for leisure and recreation ...... 22 Table I 0: Uganda fvlartyrs Namugongo leads to infrastructural development in Uganda ...... 23 I ,1ble 11: Conllicts betwc.::n the religious leaders and the government ...... 24 l'uble I?: Political instabi ity and civil war are other factors that impede tourism development. 24 Table I \: Inadequate funds affect the smooth Running of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo ...... 25 ·r;1blc I: High rate of crime due to different offences can gain lot of media attention and can al"kct the touri~:t's cleslinarion choice ...... 25 Table 15: Terrorism is also another challenge that has been affecting the tourism industry in Uganda ...... 26 Table I 6: There is poor marketing of religious centers in Uganda and outside world ...... 26 Ltlilc I 1: Tourism development in Uganda is challenged with increased costs of tourism services ...... ·······•····················· ...... 27 Titblc I : Tl1L:rc is need for proper management and improvement of Religious Centers ...... 27 Ldilc I . R1.:alistic and effective marketing measures should be put in place for religious centers. ······························································································ ················· ...... 28 Tnble :·it): There is need for internal and external partne: ~hips in the promotion of religiou5" cc111.ers ...... 28 Ltlilt: :2 i: \,fore tourism facilities should be built to attract more tourists ...... 29 L1hle :1:J.: Religious ccnt:rs should also ensure respect and protection of local traditions and religiou,. pn1cticfs ...... 29

vii LIST OF PLATES

Plate I: 'v1ap showing Location Uganda martyrs catholic shrine ·'-lamugongo ...... 11 Plate 2: The Unique Architecture of Uganda Martyrs Shrine ...... 11 !)]ate 3: The execution ground at Uganda martyrs Namugongo ...... 12

viii Abstract

The study \Vas based on the contribution or religious centers to the development of tourism 111 Ugandn \\ith particular reference to Uganda Martyrs Namugongo. The study was based on three objectives that is (i) to find out the contribution of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo to tourism development in Uganda. (ii) lo establish challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Namugongo in rouri.crn developing in Ugancla: (iii) to suggest solutions to the challenges faced by Uganda \!lartyrs Namugongo in developing tourism in Uganda. The literature review consulted the accredited scholars and researchers.

,'\ Snrn1:de 01· 30 respondents was selected for the study purpose and the data was collected using ''.;irnple rnnciorn sampling technique toge1her with purposive sampling which helped the ccscarcher select tlH: speci fie categories of respondents.

Tile study findings shO\vcd that Uganda Martyrs Namugongo is contributing to the development of' touri •,rn. in l lgancla. a!tracls tourists to Uganda, provides revenue ll) the government which in!lucnces tourism development, has recreation facilities to increase domestic tourism in Uganda and also a1tracts visitors who go there for leisure and recreation.

TIie :;tudy ,ilso discovered that conflicts hetween the religious leaders and the government, ie1Tnrisin political instability and civil war impede tourism development. The study further revl:alcd that in,idequate l'unds affect the smooth running of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo, high rate of' ,.:ri1m: due to clim~rent offences such as murders, serious assaults and rape gain a lot of m,::dia ;1ltcntion and can ,iffect the tourist's destruction choice. The study therefore recommends

,h.il l J g::111d2 l\fortyrs Narnugongo should ensure respect and protection or local traditions and ce igi,JLh prnctices, especially their intangible legacy and '.here is need for proper management and improvement ol' lfga11da Martyrs Namugongo.

ix CHAPTER ONE

LO Introduction

This ch,1pler presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose, objectives of the study. res\~arch que'.,tions, scope, significance and operational definitions.

LI Background to the study

Tourism is supposed to be one of the most significant forces which crystalized our world in ,.:conomical poi11t of viev.. tourism brings prosperity and wealth for residents. it is the greatest ,:arner or glolxil export and foreign exchange and job u1-1pottunities was provided by these phu10111t.:na. In addition tourism has influence on culture, environment and society (Higgins­ Desbiolles. 2006).Development of tourism has been considered as a multidimensional concept and it is not jusl f'ocused on economic growth, some other concepts like social, cultural and even itica! impacts are inciucled in this definition and also tourism development as a holistic definition shou Id be addressed as a critical factor and also it is important to recognize and L111dersland theories which arc included in the term of tourism development. Critical ideologies vvhich si1apcd and formulated tourism development should be investigated as well (Sharpley and

!'cl, . ::002).

Tourist bch,1vior cnn be influenced by tourism and religious tourism; for example, destination and visitor product was determined by the aim of journey and also based on form of tourism 1~1,2 i Iitie; rnusl be prnvided for tourists. Religious tourism as any other form of tourii,m is seeking 1·or costumer and there should be competition for attracting more tourists (Weidenfeld, 2008). The ,.:(nccpl. or travel helps people to gain a better understanding towards human values,

,.:on1111011 respect as long as economic growth and prosperity and religious tourism has been playing a deceive role for unifying humanity and bringing development in social scales and to ild and reconstruct humans and human personality(Weidenfeld and Ron. 2008).

Tourism is not just the remporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places. Tourism includes many geographic, economic, environmental, social, cultural and noli1ica climcnsions ((1u1111, 2002:9). A tourism industry has a strong relationship with those

1 dimensions because of its dependency and impact on it, and the interests of its stakeholders. The movements of travellers with in a destination is organized and analyzed in various ways. The econornic dimension of tourism is diverse. In this study the economic dimension from a des1 ination perspective is central.

R,.:1 igiom tourism 111 Uprnda sometimes named as a spiritual tourism has been achieved dekrrn i ,,ant role all around the world. Income and technology are brought to countries which are planned in the licld of tourism and people were able to gain knowledge about other religious cemers (Tab and Padurenn, 2008). In Uganda, religion and spirituality are historically related to wurisrn a'.-; pilgrimage 1ravel is being considered as one of the oldest forms of tourism. Many of th,::- n:li1:,.iom sites are among the most visited tourism destinations in the world and in some areas

;:J :mge ,1urnber of pilgrirnage shrines are simultaneously significant cultural sites. Furthermore, the pre'.1~11cc or tourii;1s in a particular area has resulted in a rapid development in terms of :.iccmnrnodation. in i'rastructurc and service. As travelling to sacred destinations is considered a composition 01· religious experience and journey, it can be characterized as religious tourism. If

igi,)Lb tourism in Uganda is just considered as the religious journey, it would be impossible to

1n1y attention 10 other dimensions and impacts of tourism such as economical or cultural inllr.1cnc1.:~. thcrclc)rc. this concept was one-dimensional as :1: is suggested it can be ranged from

-;cclll:1r ro pilgrirnage tour sm (Dadpour and Sirat, 2009).

Tl H? n1a; n irnportance o I' tourism and especially religious tourism at Uganda Martyrs Namugongo lrns become rnanif~:st since human has been experienced the sense of curiosity in terms of knm\ ledgl: about cultures. nntures, shrines and etc. The concept of pilgrimage i~. formed and rc,:ogni1ecl i11 clll)' culture of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo all around the world for instance I li11d11ism or Islamic ideology: Judaism and Christianity are some of these well-known religious ick '[ he concept of pilgrimage is described as --A journey resulting from religious causes, ,:xtnnally to a holy site. and internally for spiritual purposes and internal understanding''. but nO\\adays this concept has been changed and il consists of deeper ;ssues and characterized in di l'lt'relll forms and defined as modern and new secuJ.,,:· travellin~ or traditional and old pi lgrirnage a11d these kind or concepts are experiencing a serious juvenescence al 1 over the world ,; Di nee. 2006 ).

2 l.2 Stalement of the problem

The encl of year prayer gatherings in Uganda have become a popular annual trend. The number of people attending these events arguably shoots up every year. Therein lives the potential for what can rig!niy be called religious tourism. lt is not just a visit to the Namugongo Martyrs shri111~. We need to re--imagine the tourism sector as a multifaceted industry. The capacity of il1i;,,e cl1urchcs 10 cause large movements of people is unequivocal, what the tourism ministry needs to do is transform these numbers into variable commodity additionally, theses churches co1wL:1H crusades and co11fe1-ences which attract celebrity pastors and evangelists, but sadly the u-ickk-down effect of :rnch visit:, has 1101 yet made a significant impact on our tourism industry

(]\c1, Visio11 Wednesday Jan 3, 2018). It is against this background that the study sought to find out the ~ontribu1ion oJ' religious centers to the development of tourisn, in Uganda with particular emphasis 011 Uganda rnarlyrs Namugongo. l.3 GcHl:ral Objcciive l'IH: general objective of the study was to find out the contribution of Uganda Martyrs t\),1mug(Jngo 10 the development of tourism in Uganda. l A Spedfic Ohjcc1ives of the study

!ind out the ccmtribution of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo to tourism development in Uganda. 1 . To estabi ish the challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Narnugongo in developing tourism .n Uganda. 111. To suggest the solutions to the challenges faced by Uganda Maliyrs Narnugongo in developi tourism in Uganda.

1.5 Research Questions

L What is lhc contribution of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo to tourism development 111 Jganda'?

3 11. What arc the challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Narnugongo in developing tourism in Uganda?

111. What are the solutions to the challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Namugongo 111 developing tourism in Uganda?

1 Content scope

Tile ~;tucly focused on the contribution of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo to the development of touri::m in lganda. The sludy examined the challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Namugongo in dcv,::lopi11g tourism in l 5a11da and the solutions to the challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs \Jarnugongo in developing tourism in Uganda. l.6.2 Gcoiiraphical scope

Tile study \Vas carried out at Uganda Martyrs Namugongo located Ill Kira Municipality 111 'vV,1kiso Districl. l.(d Time Scope

Tli1: slltdy focused on the contribution of religious centers and tourism development in the period between 201.5 , 20 l 7 and this period \Vas chosen because according to the ministry of tourism, Wildlik ancl Antiquities Uganda significantly registered increase in the inflow of tourists hence d11s period gave the study enough evidence to achieve the objectives.

1.(,.4 Si~:nifieancc of the ,,tudy

The research will provide empirical data for policy makers vvhich will assist them towards formulating appropriate policy on how Uganda Martyr~ Namugot i;o can contribute to the development or tourism in Uganda.

The study \\ill be used by the government of Uganda to determine or know how religious centers generate revenue.

4 Tl1is study is expected to be helpful to the programmers of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo in terms of improving Lhc shrine such thal the place can attract more tourists.

Tile study is to guide other future researchers intending to conduct similar study with literature l"CVIC\V.

L6.5 Operational definitions

Tourism cornprises the activities or persons travelling to and staying 111 places outside their unusual em ironment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposc:s nol related to th-~ exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited (Tala and Padurean. ?008).

Religion is \'iewcd as a \aSL variety of responses to what people consider as divine which either ,:ould be as :-;ingular or plural. It involves a system of beliefs, rituals, ethical codes and patterns of actio11s ( 11 iggins- Dcsbiol ks. 2006 ).

Tourism development: rcfors to the process of adding value tc• the activities of persons 1rnvclli to and staying in places outside their unusual environment. Tourism development is as pi:lllning a11cl implementation of strategies with the objective to develop the wuri~rn sector.

Rdif~ious Cen re is a rnulti-laith centre suitable for spiritual services, weddings, christenings, runcrah. rnemorinls, private prayer and seminars.

5 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVTFW

2.0 l11trodudion

This literature review provides the conceptual architecture and theoretical support for this rest:arcl, by grounding it on prior knowledge. It is an attempt to review the existing literature •e:atecl 10th,.: study.

2.1 TIH~ contribution of religious centers to tourism development in Uganda

Tourisrn has principally been concerned with the tourist experience of visiting, seeing, learning, ,.:njo:,in,!. and living in a different mode of tife (Stambouli~ and Skayannis 2013). In this sense.

,.:vtT) thing tlluri,ts go through at a destination can be experience, be i1 behavioral or perceptual, iti\1:: or crnotionat. or expressed or implied. To the stakeholders of tourism, such as tourists, dcslinmion marketers. local residents. and policy makers, the nature and scope or the experience olli:red by a

1:ornrno11 rni:;takc is assuming that a traveler must be of a particular religion in order to visit a ,;pcci fil' rcli mis sire. For example. although the Vatican holds special meaning for followers of · h,: C:atl,olic l11ilh. millions of non-Catholics also visit the Vatican both for ils spirituality and for it:- ;,rclii1ectural ocauly. A,baeen (2013).

R,,I ,giot1s c,.:nh~r has developed into a much larger and more segmented market. Today's religiou,. travel includes 111ultiple sub-niches that range from the luxury pilgrim2,ge market to baci

Rciigious tourism. however. is not only destination oriented. Jt can also imply attracting large segments of the market. Religious tourism is not only a visitation to a particular holy destination, but nia} also b,~ tnivel foe a humanitarian cause. for reasons of friendship or even as a form of

6 leisure. Religious travel can be the primary reason for a trip but it can also be part of a trip and provide a destination with additional attractions (Suleiman and Mohammed, 20 I 0).

R,~ligio11s tourism can be one of the most effective tools to foster inclusive and sustainable

,:kv 1,:loprncnt. for three reasons. Firstly. religious tourism raises awareness of our common hcritag,.?. \Vhich helps to ensure its preservation. Religious heritage sites have an immeasurable v,iluc in religious terms and as a source of public education, identity and pride. And 'Ne can f'Ci11vest the income from religious tourism in preserving our cultural heritage. Secondly, :·eligiou, tourism can contribute to community development and empowerment. When tourists rm:i:'t and show i111erest in the unique values of local cnmrnunities, these communities feel ,~rnpowcrccL Hoiden (20 I 0).

2.2 The ehallenges faced by religious centers in developing tourisrn in Uganda

Road snlt:ty and security is one of the concerns of visitors while they are traveling (Wilkis, Vvmson and Faulks, 2008). Until lately, safety and security issues had never been concern of iigrin1s. it is novv being changed to gaining of concern by religious tourist. For instance in Israel ,.ind Paksline places where there was no peace, visitors are not allowed for visiting (Suleiman

;.ind Mnlrnrnn1ed. 20 IO 1. This is for the sake of safety and politics. Safety or perceived safety is one focwr thal determine, choices of tourist to a particular destination. Tourist would go for a

:Jl•licLly lo a destination whe11 they percei\·e that destinmion is safe rather than worryrng for .',akty once die~, arc on holiday.

Suleirna11 and f\.fohammed (2010) noted that conflict between Israeli and Palestinian has affected th,.: tnu,·ism i11 [\llestinc e:;pecially in east Jerusalem. In addition, war was the factor that affected i.ouri~m (Curie. Skare and Loncare, 2004). War was also responsible for the decline of both iouri~t ik,w and the rcwnue gain from tourism during civil Vl'ar in Ethiopia (Ayalew Sisay, 20091. 'lerrorisrn is also another challenge that has been affecting the tourism industry in the in general. Due to terrorist attack in New York in 2001 at trade center and in Bali in 2002, the lourism industry was reduced by 0.6% workh,icle (UNWTO, 2002).

Cou11Lri,-'s with developed infrastructures receive more tourists ;han countries with poor in li·,1<:tructural clevelopment. For instanc,~, According (0 lghobor and Haidara (2012),

7 in frastn1cwral problem was one of the greatest challenges for tourism development in East Africa. Sornc of the infrastructural problems include: absence of telecommunication and elcctricitv. l1 la11ninL_: and implementing to have religious tourism business without product development is chailcngc because nothing can be done without products. Providing these products with unfair mice cculcl caus,: challenge for development of tourism business in particular cleslinalions. For in,L::rncc. this problem wa:; noticed in Ethiopia as challenge or determinant factor foi- low number of tnurist arrival co111pari11g with neighboring country such as Kenya (Yabibal Mulalem, 2010).

Poor methods and lack o I innovative techniques in promotion of tourism business in developing cou,1trii:-s of' 1\ fr1ca hinder tourism sector's contribution to economy of each country (lghobor ::ind Haidarn. 2012). In developed countries such as Spain, Portugal and Italy they have more lists of' pilgrnm1ges and religious fostivals in their promotional literature t1·,3n any other countries did (f\.olan md Nolan. 2008). R\~ligious tourism is bounded to certain seasonality though some have potcntial to vi-;itcd every cby.

Cucc;a and Riz10 (201 I) found out that seasonality is one of the features in cultural tourism practice in ~-icil:,1 and it \\as the cause for overcrowding and unsustainable tourism praclice in the a ·e,1. They had rcrnmmended that seasonality through policy intervention is needed in dcsti11atio11 11ta1 arc al'leclecl by seasonality. Therefore, it can be minimized through different m('( han1srns such as lax reduction on the off seasons, high promotion campaign, provide re,,-,ulati•.m tlrnL limits the number of visitors in particular destination, etc.

;u; Tlw solutions to th,~ challenges faced by religious centers iu developing tourism m

Ug,and~,

Rel 1giom heritage sites should become important meeting grounds for visitors and hosts. These cnrnunkrs are Cundamental to maintaining tourism as a force for good, for everyone, in all corners oi' the world. Religious tourism should attract millions of people united in respect and reverence for the \.vorld':; great religions. fhese are the very same values needed for cross- 1.:ultural understanding, for peace building, and to ward off the forces of darkness that threaten our sector. Cuccia ,md Ri/zo (20 I I).

8 Tourism should help to protect, not destroy. our religious heritage through using revenues from igious tourism in conservation. Tourism helps them to take pride in themselves, in their history. lraditions and en\'ironment. But this only happens if communities are fully engaged and irneurakd in the tourism experience around them. Thirdly, religious tourism builds cultural u11derstandi11g and peace. Whilst the expansion of religious travel is undoubtedly positive for wuri~m and a fence for good, it also presents us with severa! crucial chrrllenges (Gunn, 2012).

\Vmson and Faulks, 2001") observed that tourism should also ensure respect and protection of lo,:.al tr,1ditions and relig;ous practices, especially their intangible legacy. This ii, particularly important at religious sites. Lastly. we must ensure that social and economic benefits of religious rnun,rn reach host co1nr11u11ities, for this is a key principal or tourism for development. By work closer together. we can address these challenges and leverage the opportunities that :e1igiuu:-, tourism presc1Jt~;.

'vlcCrath (2007) stipulated that tourism industry requires variety as it is very essential capital and India is land of diversity. Here diversity is present in every walk of life. from natural such as air, and water to social factors such as language and behaviour all v~1 ries ft·orn place to place. l)ilgrirn:1gcs arc I1ot a destination only for our religious faith lmt they ai1;0 strengthen our national unit:, ai:d prn111 1Jlc brother hoodness also.

11;1 I (2iJ03) explained th1t tourist demand and tendency have been created experience and accordi11gly needed products should be provided for them.in order to visitor satisfaction different aspect:; of e;.:pansion should be accomplished by supply side of tourism and they should meet the ,.:ustorncr needs. Hall str,~ssecl that tourists experience has been shaped the bal.mce between .';up)ly :rnd demand and so it should be focused by policy makers and planners. This model has been criticiud by experts for ignorance of host community and residents role on the model and :.rnoL11er rcm;on for these kinds or criticism backs to its market oriented nature of this model. Critiqufs believe that if it is based on the Murphy vmrk, it :,hould be community oriented as well (Hall. 2003).

9 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

.3.0 rntroduction

Thi, scclion inciucks a description of the methodology that was used in the study. It is organized as lollmvs: lir'.a it presents the research design. population size, sampling design, then data col b:tion pn,cedurcs, and finally data processing and analysis.

J. I Rei,earch dt:sign

RL:scarc.:h design refers to thi.:: way the study is designed, that is the method used to carry out the re:,c::m:h iVlugc11cla and Muge11da (2003 ). The researcher employed cross sectional survey design.

Tl1i:, i~; because the study focused on the large population and gave explanation 011 the state of

::1f'foirs a:-; they exist al present. Cross sectional research design was used to collect qualitative and qu~mtitative data !'oiler,\ in;~ the specific objectives of the study and research questions.

Tl1i, is because qualitative research design gave the study better insight and understanding of the

;)h:,1orncna. ()uantitalivc approaches were used by the study to deal with tabulations and

wnH.:rical figure:; .

.:u Swdy Arca

Tile study was carried crnt al Uganda Martyrs Narnugongo located in ward. kira m .. 111i1:ip:tlity in . Narnugongo is approximately 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) north-east ol l da's capital Kampala.

Tile wwnship 1s bordered by Nsasa to the north, Soncle and Bukeerere to the easl. Bweyogercre to the south east, and directly to the south, Kyaliwajjala to the south-\\cst. and central Kirn to the west and north-west. The coordinates or Namugongo are oc•:23',B O"N. 3.,)39'57.0"E (Latitude: 0.395289; Longitude: 32.665835).0.

10 Plate 1: Map showing Location Uganda martyrs catholic shrine Namugongo

~.;,' \ ... 0 " ..: \.

IZAARA

La M artyrs Catholic Shrine Nomugongo NAMUGOHGO -·- '

KYALIWAJJALA TRADING CENTER

Source: Google Maps and Locations, 2018

3.1.1 Historical Background

Uganda Maityrs is located in Namugongo, this shrine marks the spot where Kabaka Mwanga II ordered the execution of 14 Catholics who refused to denounce their faith, including church leader Charles Lwanga who was burnt alive on or around 3 June 1886 - which is now celebrated as Martyrs' Day. The shrine represents an African hut. The Uganda Martyrs are a group of 23 Anglican and 22 Catholic converts to Christianity in the historical kingdom of Buganda, now part of Uganda, who were executed between 31 January 1885 and 27 January 1887.They were killed on orders of Mwanga II, the Kabaka (King) of Buganda. The deaths took place at a time when there was a three-way religious struggle for political influence at the Buganda royal court.

Plate 2: The Unique Architecture of Uganda Martyrs Shrine

Source: Primary Data, 2018

11 Plate 3: The execution ground at Uganda martyrs Namugongo

3.2 Study population

Nachmias and Nachmias, (2008) define population as the total collection of elements about which we wish to make some references. Brinker, (1998) defines a target population as a large population from which a sample population is selected. The target population was 50 but the study managed to get 30 respondents.

Departments Population Size Sample size

Religious Leaders 2 1

Tourists 3 2

Community Members 5 3

Staff members at Uganda Matyrs Namugongo 38 23

Officials from the Ministry 2 1

Total 50 30

3.3 Sample Size

A sample is a section of the population chosen to represent the whole population (Amin, 2005). The essence of sampling is to obtain data from a smaller particular sample which in turn increases efficiency by allowing generalisations to deduce about the population without necessarily having to examine every member. Respondent were divided into different strata according to the dep.artments. The study was carried out at Uganda Martyrs Namugongo and 30

12 respondents were selected using purposive sampling techniques. The composition of sample size was tabulated as below

Departments Population size Sample

Rel igio11s le:1ders 2 2

..., _____, -·---· - --·------+- ·----·-----·--- - ·----·------Tourist~ .) 2

·------··------______.. __ ------·--·-- Community members 5

·- Suff members 38 'Y',.. )

OrT1ciaL-. from th,~ ministry 2 2

Total 50 30 ---·-·---·--·-·-·----· ---...... ~------.. ------·-·-·- - --·-----

Suun:e: PrinWl'.J' Data, 2018

.3A Sampling Technique-:,

Tlic study employed a combination or techniques in the selection of respondents from the sample •,ilc and in thi:; case. purposive and stratified sampling methods were employed. Purposive -;a111pli11 is a sampling 1t~chnique that allows a researcher to use cases that have the required inl<'nnation wit Ii respect i.o the objectives of the study. Purposive Samrling was used in the study whiell dccickd on whom lo include in the sample. This sampling method was used to collect the rcqt11 information by :;electing key informant considered to be experts and possessing key in fonnmion. Cases of sul:jects were therefore hand-picked because they were informed or they po:--.3esscd the n:'quirecl drnracteristics. Aller determining a suitable sample size, the next important thing ,\as to determine the appropriate sampling technique that was used in obtaining a representative sample.

l3 .3.5 Da1,u collection

3.5.l Sources of Data

Due to 1:::11.urc of the stud: ✓ both primary and secondary data sources were used. This is because :lk st based on both first-hand information and already existing data; this implies that the

-;tudy opted to use primary and secondary data.

J.5.2 Primary Data

TIH: data was obtained fio111 the field. The study used self-administered questionnaires in the pr:lcess ur cnlkcting data from the target respondents.

J.5.3 Secondary Data

TIH: ~econdary data refers tu data obtained from the secondary sources. The data was collected lh1m i111crn,.:1. literature ·e,icw. journals. and newspapers. The resource center·s at Uganda Vlart:,:r:; h:arnugongo also backed up quantitative data.

J.6 DaLu Collection Methods

J.6. l QtH:stiomiaircs

Qu~·s1ionnai1'l:S "Vere used to collect data from the selected respondents using structured qu,:-;1io11s. Thc~.c contained both closed and open-ended questions. Cbsed ended questions were hclprul in gctli precis~ responses while open-ended quest ions were used lo get detailed in fonn:ition (ln the subjecc matter. The questionnaire was developed on a five point Likert scales n1t:asuri11g from Strongly agree as response 1 to Strongly Disagree as response 5 (Sekaran, 20 U J. , \II questions \Vere arranged in one direction and all the constructs were operationally dcfin,~d.

J.(l.2 Interview guide l'IH: study adopted lc)r structured interview 1,,vhich gave information to the respondents verbally ,lnn1gl1 fr1ce ,o focc co11v,:rsation. This method helped the study clarify the information needed.

14 .3.7 Data processin1~, analysis and presentation

J.7.1 D:ita processing

Tht~ t.b1a w,1s processed through editing, tabulating and coding

Editing

Tl1i:; helped the study ched: the completed responses with a purpose of detecting and eliminating

,;;1Tcrs a ,d iclen1irying vital i11fonnation that was essential in coding and tabulation.

This wcis done according to whether or not the response was in line with the objectives of the study and realistic lo the subject matter.

'Tal:rnl:a ion

Tlii; i111 olv(::d mainly the use of' simple statistical techniques like the use of tables, percentages ich 1cskd the significance of the information from which meaningful information was drawn .

.:u~.o IJ:ita presentation

,:\ ftcr editing. coding and analyzing data, tabulation was done which gave a clear presentation of dk: vnrinus 1\:sponses and significance of each interpretation. Frequencies and percentages were u~:cd i11 tabulation which portrayed statistics used in analyzing and interpreting the study. l'requency tables, aided in presentation of the collected data ,vhich made it summarized and llh)re undcrslanclable using statistical packages like Microsoft excel.

JX J Data a11alysis

Dau collected was subjected to some preparation which entails editing, coding and data entry bcfor;:: being su1n111arized. Editing detected errors and omissions, corrected them where possible and certified th:ll minimum data quality was achieved.

15 3.8.2 D:ita validity and reliability

The study ensured validity and reliability of the data collected in the following ways.

J.:~.2.0 Validity of the data

\/alidit) refers to the amount of systematic or built-in error in measurement (Norland, 1990). It is the correctness and reasonableness or data. To improve 1.he validity of the questionnaire, the •,h1dy ·sigm:cl the tools lo fit the study objectives. This ctered lor language clarity, relevance and rn111prcl1c11siveness ol'the content and standard length of questionnaire.

J.8.2.1 Reliability of 1the da la

Rl:liability rcf'ers lo randr,111 error in measurement. 11 indicated the accuracy or precision of the m,::.tsuring instrument (Norland, 2012). To establish the reliability ol'the instrument. a pilot study was carried oul. Questionnaires were aclminislered on the target population to check consistency ,JI the instrm11e11t >vvhile testi11g reliability.

J.8.2.2 1-:thka I Considr:rations

Pc ion tu conduct th<.: study was got from the managen1 ent of Uganda Martyrs Narnugongo which 'Mts accompanied by an introductory letter from the department of leisure and hospitality.

Permission vvas also got from the local authorities where the study \Vas conducted. All the rc:~pon(knts panicipated in the study after voluntarily consenting through signing the informed ,.:011.;cnl All the data \Vas hai1dled with confidentiality.

JX2.3 ,imitations to the Study.

Cornmunicming to some expected respondents was difficult clue to cultural differences, language barrier and differences in behaviors which limited the research study. However. to ensure

,.:ITl:ctiv-.: communication .. the researcher used English lang 1_iage which at least every respondent undcrs{(lod.

l6 I.,1ck ol' funds and time to carry out the study fully. However this problem was solved by the researcher through setting time aside for research and soliciting funds from family members.

S

I Inm:vcr th,.:: researcher approached the respondents during their free time and even convinced the management that the information obtained from them was to be treated ,;vith the highest degree of confidentiality.

17 CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1) I111rndtH:tion

This ch~1pter presents the findings on the contribution of religious centers to the development of wurism in l1ganda with 1:mphasis on Uganda Martyrs Uganda. The results in this section were presenlfd so as to e:,plore the data with respect to the research study objectives.

4.1 De11101~raphic Characteristics

Tl1ese include

4.1.1 Tile Geuder of respondents

Table I: Showi11g the gender of respondents

f-'requency ·---· ------·--·---·Percent 20 66.7

')") ,..l 10 _,.., .. J __30 .,___, ______100.0 '---···-··-.....-----·- .. --.---- Source: /Jrinwrr Data, 2018

Fn,ni t1ble I Lhc study re.suits indicated that rnost of the respondents vvere male 20(66.7%) and lcniale are I ocn.l 0/ci). This could be interpreted to the mean that rnajority of people who l1'!.:qu•cll!ed thc:se places were more male as compared to tlieir female counterpart5 even amidst tht~ local residents of those that participated in the study.

18 •·'- I .2 Tile Age of respondents

Table 2: Showing 1he Age of Respondents ·--·-··--·••·••·-- .. ..,---·----•-tt---..------·-----·· ('ategu1:1• Frequency Percent ·------.. --·------1 ·------•-1 l.ess than 2tJ 8 26.7 30-:39 year~ 6 20.0

ti 0-49 1 ear-; 6 20.0

'"'l'"l ... , 50 yerns and above IO .).1 ..)

!. T(Jtal ...... ,,_ ...... ----·----·---- ·----·-3_0..______I O_O_._o ... Soun:e: Primmy Data, 2018

1:rorn th 1.! resull in table :;_ majority of respondents were in the age bracket of 50 and above at

(3:1.3'1/o; .30-39 years and 40-119 years respectively were represented by 40% and the rest of the

respondcnL lied in between less than 29 years (26.7%). This means that the majority of the respondents IVho 1·rcqucnLxl the shrine \Vere still energetic.

-1. I .J The Education of Respondents

Table 3: Slrnwing the E:ducation of Respondents ...... -_, .. ,, ______Category Frequency Percent ----1------·--·-· Pr1 n1ary 5 16.7 ~·,ccondarv school 10 I )iplm!'!a 4 13.3 ,., lkgrec .) 10.0 ,., ~1bsters .) 10.0 ,., .., PhD .1 . .) Others 4 13.3 Total 30 100.0

Source: Primm-i- Data, 20 I 8

Fnn1 table:,. llit: rnajorit) oi' respondents had attained seco1'.iary educa1ion 10(33.3%), 5( 16.7%)

1\cr~: in prin1ar~. level. di1·,lon,a holders were 4( 13.3%). Those who had acquired bachelors were

\( 10%). 11Hi5lcrs ho Icier \Vet\.' 3( I 0'%). PhD level had I (3.3 1¼i), others were represented by

19 4( I J.3~'")· This implies that majority of the respondents had the required knowledge to relate the eortlr but ion or religious centres to tourism development.

.:L 1.3 Vvoddng Experienee

Table 4: Shcrwing the Working Experience ·-·-·--••o.•-·-·------·-··------·•---,,---•------·--···F'requenc:v Percent I klow 5 years 7

(>· I (J y .:·ars 11 36.7 11 15 5 16.7

')'~ ,., I 6 and above 7 ••.. ) • .J Total 30 100.0 •-•-•---••1~1••• ..-•,&<.-ta-4<1••--1--•-•~-----'----•------••--• ,_,. _____Jll,__., ____ I

S(lun:e: !'rinwrv Data. 2018

Table 4 indicates that nrn_jority of the respondents had served for 6--10 years 11 (36.7). 11-1:-- years were 5(16.7%). In addition respondents with a working

1.:\:p,.::ric11c,.:: belo\\ 5 years were represented by 23.3%. This implies that majority of the re:;r,01Hknts had got the infrlrmation pertaining to the contribution of religious centers to the dn(:loprnem of' lourisni ir· Uganda.

4.2 Co11lrihution of CJ;,tanda Martyrs Namugongo to Tourism devewpment in Uganda

T,1ble 5: Ur~anda Mart:1Ts Namugongo is contributing to the development of tourism 111 Uganda. ·-···--···---·-··------·------,,------··------·--·- ______Frequency ,__ Percent----·---· Strongly Agree 14 46.7 1\gn:c 9 30.0 Not sure 5 16.7 l)i 2 6.7 30 I 00.0 ·-·····--···· ...... _... _.. _. __ , ___ , ___ .•. _. __ _ Sourct": flrinwrr Duta, 2018

20 R,:sults from table 5 indicated that majority of respondents strongly agreed with 46.7%, agree were 9(10%). those vvho were not sure 5( 16.7%), and lastly those who disagree ,vere 2(6.7%). !'It i, 11"11:ans thaL U gand& Martyrs Narnugongo is contribt.ting towards a stream of tourist in Uganda and the revenue collected from religious centers by government. This revenue conmbutions to the development of tourism in various \,vays like infrastructure development.

Table 6: Cg:rnda Martyrs attracts tourists to Uganda ,______...... , ______., __ __ ,______Frequency , Percent Smrngly Agre1:· ------·-·16 53.3 1\grcc 8 26.7 N(!L Sure 10.0 10.0 --····---··--·-"·------·-----'---•------'----,---·--Total 30 100.0

S(lurcc: f>rin,ur)' Dula, 2018 l·ro n rnbk 6 results indi,:ated that majority of the respondents strongly accepted that Uganda 'v1ai-t:r•; Narnugongo attracts tourist to Uganda by 16(53.3%). those that agreed were 8(26.7%),

1 1( J 1) !~) \\Cr,: 1101 sure and those who disagreed were 3( I 0%). Most respondents observed that ncstic and internLtional tourists flock to Uganda Martyrs Namugongo every 3rd June of ,.,ach yc:Ir. This ~;ignifics drnt Martyrs Namugongo is one of the rnctjor religious attractions that

:.ill met t,"iurisls 10 Uganda.

Table 7: r•rovides revenue to the government which int1uences tourism development

·-···---·---- Categor:i1 Frequency Percent Strongly Agree 12 40.0 1\gn~e 13 43.3 ,.., Not sure .) [0.0 I li 2 6.7 Total ______30_... ______100.0 ,

Source: /Jrinwrr Dula, 2018

21 Tile results i'rorn table 7 indicated that majority of the respondents agreed with (43.3%), strongly

a~1 1-ce \\1.:re 12(40%), thoi;e ,vho were not sure ,,vere 3(10%) and disagreed were 2:(6.7%). This irnpli.?s that Uganda Martyrs Narnugongo provides revenue to the government vvhich influences wurism development in Uganda. This revenue is used to foster infrastructural development in the country.

Table 8: Uganda l'v1arlyrs Namugongo has recreation facilities lo increase c!orneslic tourism in

··-·-··--··-··-----·---·-·------( 'otep,my Frequency Percent ~ilrongly Agree 13 43.3 11 36.7 ,, ,, N(,l su,e 4 I .) . .) Uisag1\:c 2 6.7 30 100.0 ·-·····--·"""""-"""·-·------·-·------'-··------..J~---·-·--··-_,,·---· Suurct:: f>ri11wn Outa, 2018

1:rnrn rnblc 1': results indicated that majority of the respondents recogntLecl the fact that Uganda

\~artyr~ Narnugongo has recreation facilities to increase domestic tourism and strongly agreed

Ii 1.1(43.))%. agre,~ v,e!'f 11(36.7(1/ci), not sure were 4(13.3%) and 2(6.7%) disagreed. This ·-;ho,, s 111uch or th,.: J'(~novations carried out at the shrine to improve on recreation facilities

1\ i 11 ,1ttracl rnorc domestic tourists.

Tallie 9: Uganda Martyrs Nmnugongo has visitors who go there for leisure and recreation ,._, ____, ___ _ -·--·------( 'utcgmy Frequency Perce111 ·-·---···------Stt ongly Agree 9 30.0

,..,,.., "'I 10 _)_) . .) 2 6.7 [) i 7 ')'' " ·-·' . .) Strongly Disagree 2 6.7 Tot.~11 30 100.0

Source: [>rimarr D£lla, 2018

22 liro1T1 resulls in table 9 majority of respondents observed that there are visitors who go to Uitc:nda l'v1anyrs Namugongo for leisure and recreation and this adds on the revenue generated l'nlrn rt.::iigious centers. This was highly interpreted by strongly agreed with 9(33.3<%), those who agreed ,vere l 0C33.J<%). not sure were 2(6.7%), disagreed \Vere 7(23.3%) and lastly those who strong]) dis:1grcc \\ere 2(6.7'%).

Table lll: U1?,rnda Martyrs Namugongo leads to infrastructural development in Uganda.

1:!:~;~;:,.. ;;~~:-==~------·----•--i------F_r_e<_1u_~.:;.~~'.. ______P_e_rcei~---- • Strongly Agree 9 30.0 /\gree 9 30.0 Not sure 4 13.3 Oisagl'ee 5 16.7 ,.., Strongly Disagree .) 10.0 Total 30 100.0 ·-····----· .... ·---.. ----·------· ------·---·--·-

;.;uurce: />rin1wT /)(!fa. 2018.

Results l'nrn1 table IO indicated that those who strongly agreed were 9(30%), those who agreed

1vc1"<:: 9('\0%). 11N sure w,~re 'I (13.3%), those who disagreed were 5(16.7%), strongly disagree

1\1:1\: 3t I 0°/cJ). his implic.:s that Namugongo shrine has a positive impact on the infrastructural dcv~:lopn1em as a result ol'the income obtained from the tOL,tists.

\iu11tric·s with clcvelo1)L:d infrastructures receive more tourists than countries with poor in li·c1structural development. For instance, according to lghobor and Haidara (2012),

in li·astructural proble1,1 was one of the greatest challenges for tourism development in East

,\fr1c:1. Sornc of' the infrastructural problems include: absence of telecommunication and ,;:lcctricilv.

23 4.3 The challenges facedi by Uganda Martyrs Namigongo in developing tourism in Uganda

Table 11: Conflicts betw1.:en the religious leaders and the government ------·------_,_ _"_.., __ ··-·---·-·-·-·---·------~------Frequency Percem------Strongly Agree 11 36.7 1\grcc 9 30.0 Not Sure 5 16.7

Disagree .)" 10.0 Strongly Disagree 2 6.7 Ttilal 30 _____ .. __100.0 ·-····---··"··-.. --.------"------

Source: Prinwrr Dula, 2018

1:rorn lable I I. 111<\jority of the respondenls were 36.7% showing that conflicts between the religious leaders and the government affect smooth operation of religiuus centers. This is similar to Suleiman and Mohammed (20 I 0) who noted that conflict between Israeli and Palestine has all'cclcd the tourism in PaiesLine especially in East Jerusalem.

Table 12: Political instability and civil war are other factors that impede tourism development.

-·-· . ------·-...... ---·--•··---· : ( 'otegmy---- Frequency Percem Strongly Agree 9 30.0 15 50.0 Not Su1\: 2 6.7

.)" lO.O

Strongly Disagree ""_, . .) Tots I ------··---30 100.0

Source: f>rinwrr Dota. 2018

Rl:sults from table 12 highlighted that political instability and terror threats in the country causes the recluction in the number of tourists to religious centers. Respondents sighted the following in,~·icknts: \\alk lo walk. attacks on Mumbere's palace in Kasess, Age limit surge. This caused

24 wurists Lo c,1ncel their bookings to Uganda. This is in agreement with (Ayalew Sisay, 2009) who notl:d Ihat war was responsible for the decline of both tourists flow and the revenue gain from tourism during civil \Var in Ethiopia. Terrorism is also another challenge that has been affecting the tourism industry in the world in general. Due to terrorist attack in Nev,1 York in 2001 at trade cemer and in Bali in 2002, the tourism industry was reduced by 0.6% worldwide (UNWTO,

2002).

Table U: Inadequate funds affect the smooth Running of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo.

•-•-•--••-•••"-"-•-----•-•---"-1/"---M---- -·- ( ·u1cgmy Frequency ------·Percem ··-····--·····----·-·--·----·-·-·------Strongly Agree 9 ----30.0

'),.) ") 10 _).) . .) Not Sul'e 6 20.0 I )i.-;agrt:e 4 13.3 ,, ,., Strongly Disagree .) ..) Total 30 _.., _____100.0 ------Source: Prinwrr Dula. 20/R

1-·rom table U results indicalecl that inadequate funds limit the operations of the religious centers (31.3'1/o). respondents were able to view this in relation to -:ibscnee of the donors to support and ,.:nnstrucL heller facililies for tourists.

Table 14: High rate of crime due to different offences. ____ ,, __ , ( 'ull'POIT --·------,. u . Frequency Percem______Strongly Agree 10 33.3 /\gree 11 36.7 4 13.3 I )isagrc..:e 4 13.3 ,., ,., Strongly Disagree .) . .) Total 30 -----100.0

Source: Primmy Data, 2018 1:·rnni the findings in tabk 14 respondents highly agreed on crimes that occur like murders. rape of worni211. serious assaults and children who go missing ,vhile visiting the shrines. This is evident during ] rd June each year where some people carryout illegal activities which gives a negative image to Uganda Martyrs Namugongo and the religious activities carried out on that day. Sucl1 activiLies can gain a lot media attention which afftGts the tourists destination choice.

Table 15: Terrori.sm is also another challenge that has been affecting the tourism industry in Uganda.

( ·ateg(!/y Frequency-----1----- Perce11l____ ., ___ Stro1wlv.... ) .., A,z.re1:•.~ 12 40.0 8 26.7 Not Sure 4 13.3 I) i sa g1"s.:e 4 13.3 Strongly Disagree 2 6.7

' Total 30_...., ., .. ___100.0 , ·-····--·"'""·"-" ... --.---·--·-"--•---''--- ______Sou re e: Primw:r Duta. 2018

Fron1 tnblc l S. majority o the respondents observed that terrorism is one of the major challenges 1.hal aff,:cl the tourism industry. this was at the rate of (40%). This is because security is paramount in the tourism :sector.

Table l6: There is poor marketing of religious centers in Ui~anda and outside world.

Frequency Percem Strongly------Agree 13 43.3 /\gn~c 5 16.7 Not Sure 3 I ().0 f)i 7 23.3 Strongly Disagree 2 6.7 ...... Total ____ .,, ..... _,,~fl--•------.. -•-~-,------__ ,, __ '" __ ,. ___30 ...._ ___ !00.0

Source: Prinwrr D£1fa. 2018

26 R1.:sults in table 16 indicated that there is poor marketing oLeligious centers at the rate of 43.3%. Rd:gio11s centers have ignored the effect of marketing within and outside the country. This nnkes the religious centers with their attractions and activities to be less popular.

'L1bk l7: Tourism development in Uganda is challenged with increased costs of tourism

, ( 'utcoorv,.., . Frequency Percent -·--·-••·•------·----·------·------·,.,,..) "' Strongly Agree 10 .L) . .) 1\grcc 8 26.7 Not Sure 2 6.7 Disagree 6 20.0 Strongly Disagree 4 13.3 Total 30 100.0 •-••••---·•••U•-•-•------•-•------·----

;;<1L11-cc: l'rim{ll:r Data, 2018

From 1 result~; in table 17 it is evidence that increased costs of tourism services affect people u lr,ivcl 1·or foith based tourism and as a result this has an impact on the country tourism i:lcv~:lopincni.

4A Thr solu1 ions to the challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Namugongo in developing lou in Uganda

Table 18: There is need for proper management and improvement of Religious Centers

Frequency Percent Strongly Agree ------·--11 36.7 1\gn:e 4 13.3 N(,[ Sur~ 8 26.7 6 20.0

'I ') Strongly Disagree .) ..) ·-··---··~·-·-·------·-----'-----·-·Total -----··------·....._ 30 ______100.0

27 R,:sults in wbk 18, indicated that 36.7% strangely agreed that there is need for proper rnanagcrncnt of Uganda Martyrs Narnugongo. Watson and Faulks, (2008) observed that tourism should also ensure respect and protection of local traditions and religious practices, especially their intangible legacy. This is particularly important at relisious sites.

Table 19: Realistic and effective marketint~ measures should be put in place for religious r.:enlers. -·-·--·-·· _.. __ ,______, ------··--

Strongly Agree 11 36.7

') ... ) ') Agree 7 , __ ,.. ) Not Sure 4 13.3 Disagree 6 20.0 Strongly Disagree 2 6.7 , Total 30 100.0 ·-····-·-· .. ···-·-.. -·--·---·-·---~--'---- Source: Primw:r Data, 2018

R,:stilts li-clm table 19 indicated that there is need to improve on the marketing techniques for the ,"\~ igious centers in Uganda. This will increase the number of tourist and the revenue generated

:iLd, centt,rs. There is rdso need to ensure that social and economic benefits of religious wuri~m reach host co1n111u11ities. for this is a key principal of tourism for development. By 1vnrk n~, clos(:'.I): togethec these challenges can be addressed and leverage the opportunities that igi,;,)us centers present tn the tourism industry.

Table 20: There is need for internal and external partnerships m the promotion of religious cemers ------· rc·~:legm~r ·------· Frequency--- Percem .. _.,.., __ ~, 1tT> 11 f I) A ~u-ce 11 36.7 9 30.0 4 13.3 Disagree 2 6.7 Strongly Di:;agree 4 13.3

30 __ ..,_.,.,. ___100.0 •-•••••••-••n••-••-u-••----••----- 28 Source: Primru:r Data, 2018

Results frorn table 20 indicated that there is a need to allow more internal and external partnerships in the prornoi:ion of religious centers with (36.7%). This will attract more tourists to come thus increasing on the revenue of religious center hence aiding their proper functioning and managcrnenL.

Tahle 21: lvlore tourism facilities should be built to attract more tourists _..,__ Frequenc:JJ Percem--·-- Strongly Agree -- 12 40.0

'),, ') Agree 7 , __) . .) Nol Sure 5 16.7

') Disag1\::c .) 10.0 .., Strongly Disagree .) 10.0 ·1 otal 30 100.0

Soun:e: Primm:v Dula. 2018

1:·rom table :1.1, Lhe results ernphasized that there are need to increase tourists facilities in order to

::iuract 1·nore tourists among the religious centers. This is supported by respondents ,vho strongly :,1~:rced '.vilh '10% showint,\ the value of' tourists· facilities in increasing customer enjoyment and sali:;fac1io11. Hence customer retention

Table 22: Religious centers should also ensure respect and protection of local traditions and igious practices. --·--··-·--- -·-·---·------·----·--- Frequency Percent

·-·---··--·-----·------·------·--")•I ") Strongly Agree 10 .).) ..) 1\grcc 9 30.0 10.0 4 13.3 Strongly Disagree 4 13.3 ·-····--••~•--·-·---·---·-·---~----·------Total ·--·----~------·30 100.0

29 Source: Primcn:v Data, 2018

From table 22. results indicated that religious centers should ensure respect and protection of local traditions represented by (33.3%). Respondents highly agreed on the fact that the government ought to implement laws governing religious centers. Therefore calling on the board or the religious centers to observe and respect the traditiona \ customs.

30 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

:S.O Jutroduction

This clnpler presents the summary of findings, conclusior: and recommendations and areas for l'unher research

:S. I S1U111mary of the study

5.1.l The contribution of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo to the development tourism in

Ug,anda

\!lajoril) or respondents :;trongly agreed with 46.7%, that religious centers are contributing to stream ol' tourist in Uganda. This is in line ,vith 40% of the respondents vvho strongly agreed that igious center contribution to government revenue collection.

R,:sponde11ts or I 2( 40%) Strongly agreed that religiou:, centers benefits through revenue col lecti()ll to the govern1rn:nt.

Vlajocit> of' the responde11ts recognized the fact that Uganda Martyrs Namugongo has recreation l'acilities to increase domestic tourism and strongly agreed with 13(43.3%).

5.1.2 The 1:lrnllcni~cs faced by Uganda Martyrs Namugongo in developing tourism m Ugand,,

36.~'% thl: respondents agreed that conflicts bet\veen the religious leaders and the government a!Tcc1 smooth operations uf religious centers.

31 From the findings respondents at (36.7<%) highly agreed on crimes that occur like murders, serious assault and rape of children and women ,vhile visiting the Martyrs Narnugongo on every f'1June ,,ere also among the challenges affecting the image of the center.

Fun hennore. terrorism was taken to be another challenge that affects the tourism industry; with a rare of (40%).

S.1.3 solu1ions to the challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Namugongo in developing loud:,m in Uganda.

In relerc:nce Lo solutions that the study observed, 36.7% strongly agreed that there is need for proper 1mmage1ne11t of Uga11da Martyrs Namugongo, this can easily reduce on the poor rna11agcrnen I or religious centers.

Inadequate Jindi11g by the government was also sighted as another solution with 33.3%. Majority ,.)r the respuncknts agreed with the statement that the Religious centers ought to respect and protect local lrnditions especially intangible legacy as some of the solutions to challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Narnugongo in developing tourism in Uganda.

5..3 Condusion

Uganda Martyrs Namugongo has significantly contributed to the numbers of tourists who come rd :o Uganda l

\\Omen and murders. terrnrism. The study looked at need for proper management respect and protection or local traditions especially intangible legacy acequate funding by the government as some o['tlle solutions to the challenges faced by Uganda fVfr"tyrs Namugongo.

32 SA Recommendation to the Study

Basing ,mfindings 1he stuc{v recommends that:

11 Religious centers should ensure respect and protect local traditions and religious practices, especially their intangible legacy.

11 There is need for proper management and improvement of religious centers by the government.

11 Uganda Martyrs Namugongo should properly manage its solid waste.

11 isolh government and Uganda martyrs Namugongo should have internal and external partnerships.

11 The govcrnmenL should fund religious centers

11 Both gmernment and Uganda Martyrs Namugongo should intensity marketing efforts.

5.5 Areas of Further Research

11 The role of Uganda Tourism board 111 marketing religious centers as a tourist's destination.

11 i;!_esolutions to challenges faced by religions centers

33 REFERENCES

,-\1 lcn.T (20 l 5 ). Tourism developmenl and marketing strategies: A n1odern perspective, Burr Ridge IL: Richard D. lrwin Inc.

Arbaeen.P.(2013). Tourism. technology and compelitive strategies, Oxford: CAB International.

Ayalc\\ S. ( :?.009). Towards quality coastal tourism. Integrated quality management (!QM) of i::0,1,tal wurisl destinalions. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European ( \l1n1nu11itics. 156 pp.

Cucc:a.13. and I< izzo.R. ('.lO 11 ). 13iodiversity and Tourism: conflicts on the world's seacoasts and :';tn1Lcgi,:s for their solution. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 343 pp.

Cu1·ic. ~;. and I nncare.E. (:'.00 11). Technology strategies for the hospitality industry, Pearson­ Prrntici: Hall. :';ew Jersey.

Dadpour.R. &Sinn.I. (2009). Geography ofTourisrn.Florcnce, KY and USA Routledge.

Diga11cL D.(2006). Tourism Information Technology, CAB! Publishing, Oxford, England, ISl:IN Cl 19')-181-·5.

Gu 1111. W. (2(HP). Information Technology and Tourism-A challenging relationship. Springer, >-Jc,, York.

I la u: ,:?.O(rl ). Ebusin,.,s:; for Tourism: Practical; guidelines for de.:tinations and businesses, 'vladrid: World Tourism Organisation. lloldcn.1~. C:Wl 0). Information and Communication Technologies 111 Tourism 2002:Springer­ V,:rlag Vienna ISBN 3-21 I-H:"3780-9 lghobor. \,\. ancl i laidara,0. C'O 12).Global Distribution Systems in the Tourism lnclustry, World Tourism Organisation. Madrid.

VlcGrml1.W. (2007). Tourism Information Technology. CAB, Oxford Nolan.I-I. and Nolan. E.(2008). Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2001: J)roceedings or the International Conference in Montreal, Canada.

Sharplev.S.D. &Telfer.W. (2002).Tourisrn and growth of religious centers in Uganda, 4th edition.

Sim cha _I. ('.)0 I ).

Strnnboulis.\11. and Skayannis.R. (2013). Partnership step by step: a practical model of partnership fonnation· and Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 13 (4): p.13.

St1lci1mu1.D and Mohammed.T. (2010). Tourism and economic growth of Uganda, 4th edition.

Lda.L:.R. & i>adurean. W. (2008).Religious centers and development of tourism in Uganda, 1st ,.:dition.

\VeidenleldY. 008). International Friends of Nature; presented to the seventh meeting of the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD

\Vilkis. 'vii'. rn1cl Faulks, f.(2()08). The development ofreligi,,us centers and its contribution to the

GI )P or !he Clllllltry.

'/ahibaL M. (:2010).Handbook o Consumer Behaviour, Tourism and the [nterne1 Haworth Press lnc .. U. edition.

1~:11r(lpan11n. "\V,:idcnfeld Institute for Strategic Dialogue"

35 APPENDICES

APPENDIX I: RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

D,~ar Rfspondenl.

I arn led ,'\ritujuna Claire from Kampala international university. I kindly request you to spare your valuable ti Ille and respond to the following questions. The purpose of this study is to gain a ckar understanding about the contribution of religious centers to the development of tourism in

Uganda at Uganda martyrs 11a111ugongo. your answer will b: taken as a secret and 1101 disclosed to anyone and thus there is no need of writing your name on the questionnaires.

APPEt\lHX l: INTERVIEW GUIDE used in phase 1

a) Uoes Uganda Manyrs Namugongo attract tourists from other countries?

b I Whal at!nicts the t,Jurist to come to Uganda Martyrs Namugongo?

c) eJeasc I isl the categories of'tourists who come to Uganda Martyrs Namugongo'?

en i lmv does Ugancl,1 Martyrs Namugongo contribute to the development of tourism 111 Jganda'? e; i)oes Uganda fVlaityrs Namugongo have solutions to the challenges faced m its role of 1.ourism dcv1.,loprncnt i11 Uganda?

I') las Uganda Martyrs Namugongo contributed to the increase in the demand for tourism

in Uganda? g) las t.:ganda Martyrs Namugongo contributed to tourism development in Uganda? SECTION A: BACKGROUND INFORMATJON

I. Sex: :Viale ( ) F1::111alc ( )

:~. Age brackd

Less 29( ) 30-39 yems ( )

LI 0--19 vears ( )

50 year'.; ancl above ( )

36 3. Lcvel of education

( )

Secondary school ( ) Diplom:1 ( )

De):trcc ( )

\~asters ( )

Pl D ( ) 01 hers ( pJea,;e specify) ......

.'.J. I lov, many years have you been in this organization? 13dJw :, years ( )

6-ll)ye;1rs ()

I I I ~ ( )

I 6 w1cl above ( ) l nst ructions hir scc1 ions B, C and D tick ( \) the appropriate box that shows the extent to which you agree \\itli the f<.)llov,ing statements, vvhich have been drafted from the objectives of the study and rmcd 011 the 5 point likert scale where (SDA), strongly disagree, (DA), Disagree, (NS), Not

•..;ur,:. (A) :'\grec. (SA) Strongly Agree. Scale: SA I, A = 2, NS 3, DA= 4 and SDA 5.

,\PPlrt'\DlX 2: QtESTIONNAIRE USED IN PHASE 2

Rak no\\ much you agree with the contribution of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo to tourism dev.::loprnent in Uganda by ticking against the spaces belmv.

37 SECTION A; CONTRIBUTIONS OF UGANDA MARTYRS NAMUGONGO TO TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA

------·······- ·------Res po nscs tdbutions ··---,-----, 2 3 4 5

a ~- • -~-• •- -- - 5 Lg2nda Mar1yrs Namugongo iscontributing to the devcloplllent of tourism in Uganda. --· Lg::.nda yrs attracts tourists 10 Uganda. -, -· I P1w.•icle~; revenue Lo the government which influences

lCllll ism development --· L ganda f'vfartyrs Namugongo has recreation facilities to inc1\:ase local tourism in Uganda. - -· 9 Uganda Martyrs Namugongo has visitors who go their lcisme and recrcatiun -- 1da Martyrs Namugongo leads to infrastructural de,,~loprne11t in Uganda.

::mCTION H: The challenges faced hy lJganda Martyrs Namugongo in tourism development in Uganda

6. t,)llo\\ ing are statements based on the challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Namugongo in touri'..111 ckveloprne111 in Uganda.Indicate the extent to which you agree with them.

I ····--··--·-··-·. --····----·------~ i Responses I Challenges I ·, 2 .) 4 5 11 Con llicts between the religious leaders and the government Political instability and civil war are other factors that impede tourism development. ------·-·------*------1 :; I11adequale funds af'foct the smooth running of Uganda Martyrs

38 11 High rate or crime clue to different offences such as murdering, scri\)US assault and rape can gain lot of media attention and can , aflc~ct the tourist choices.

' -- --- ··------·- ·--·- __ ,_____ --·----·--·- ----i----1 1 •;; Terrorism i~. also another challenge that has been affecting the tourism industry in Uganda. --·-····-·•·------·--·------I 6 There is poor rnarketing ol' religious centres 111 Uganda and outside \'\oriel.

.. ··-·-·-·· .. ·--··-·+----11-----, 17 To11ris111 ckvcloprne111 111 Uganda is challenged with increased costs ol'tourisrn services.

------·- - --·····-·- ---~~-~ SECTION C: The solutiions to the challenges faced by Uganda Martyrs Namugongo to the

lou risrn development in Uganda

7 l~,llowin,5 are :e;t;1temcnts based on the solutions to the challenges faced by Uganda \/iart:,T·, Nainugongo Lo tne tourism development in Uganda. lndicate the extent 1o which you arn:c witli tilcn1.

. Responses Solu1ions ··-·-·· ···--·-··· . --·····-,-·--r--·--l 2 4 5 -· - I g Tlh:TC i:, nct:d l()r proper management and improvement of Ugand,1 religious centers in Uganda affects tourism

dc 1 'elopmcnt. i<) Realistic and effective marketing measures should be put in pl,1ce !'or Uganda religious centers, -· 1,() Tih:TC i:e; need i'or internal and external partnerships in the promotion or touris111 si Les and centers ·- - - --···-- --·- -·------····- -- ··--- 21 M(lrf tot1rism f~1ci!iti,~s should be built so as to attract many tmrists. ·-··- -·---··--·----·------· Uganda religious centers should also ensure respect an,'. protection or local traditions and religious practices, especially tlwir intangible lefacy.

39 Ggaba Road, Kansanga ·1H1 l

COLLEGE OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

OFFICE OF THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY

11 th June, 2018

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN,

Dear Sir/ Madam,

RE: PERMISSION TO CONDUCT .A .RESEARCH STUDY IN YOUR PROTECTED AREA

With reference to the above· subject, this is. to certify that, ARITUJUNA CLAIRE REG .NO. 1163-05054~06103 is a bonafid~ student of Kampala International University pursuing aBachelors Degree in Tourism and Hotel N1anagement.

She is currently conducting .a field research entitled "The Contribution of Religious Centers to the Development of Tourism in Uganda. A case study of Uganda Martyrs Namugongo". ·

This area has been identified as a valuable so:..irce of information pertaining to her research project. The purpose of this letter therefore is to request you to avail her with the pertinent information as regards to her study.

--- ..... --.... -----~--'l>------~--·------·---•-1••1••~- ..... P,:r:p(orin._q tfie 'Heigfits