From Baroque

to BOP

and BEYOND * * * *

An extended and detailed history and examination of the Western music known as Classical and as Jazz, and the fight/conflict/ intercourse/blending, fusion and marriage between them. � By Lynn René Bayley

AN E-BOOK PUBLISHED ON THE INTERNET FOR FREE READING AND STUDY.

ENJOY…AND LEARN!

The greater the contrast, the greater the potential. Great energy only comes from a corre- spondingly great tension of opposites. – Carl Jung

Acknowledgements My thanks to Brent Fischer for providing me with the full version of his father’s Piece for Soft Brass, Woodwinds and Percussion, as well as several of Clare Fischer’s compositions not recorded until late in his life; to Alice Russell for her kind permission to allow me to use the description of the Lydian Chromatic Concept in this book; to Diane Bayley for introducing me to the jazz-classical works of J.J. Johnson, Allyn Ferguson and Yusef Lateef; to Joe Pearce for sending me a blurb on the music of Daniel Schnyder; to Keith Nichols for his kind information on the Tom Satterfield arrangement of Lime- house Blues; to Peter Mintun for uploading the rare recordings of Dana Suesse’s music; to Alonzo Levister for kindly providing me with recordings of his Bedrock Suite and excerpts from Blues in the Subway as well as the final title of this book; to Bruce Wolosoff for directing me to the remarkable mu- sic of Vijay Iyer; and to Levister, Wolosoff, Byron Olson, Charles Ruggero and David Balakrishnan for reading my manuscript and offering positive feedback and corrections. I was indeed lucky to have had someone or something to fall back on at virtually every point in the collection of recordings and con- sideration of directions to take in writing this book, and if I have forgotten to thank anyone, please con- sider yourself thanked!

From Baroque to Bop and Beyond © 2016 by Lynn René Bayley all rights reserved including right of reproduction.

CONTENTS

Preface 1

I: Why Search for Consensus? 4 Early jazz: roots and influences. Scott Joplin, Eubie Blake, Claude Debussy, Erik Satie, Joseph Lamb, Bunk Johnson, Jelly Roll Morton, James Reese Europe, Luckey Roberts, Igor Stravinsky.

II: The First Wave (1919-1926) 15 Sidney Bechet, Wilbur Sweatman, Stravinsky, James P. Johnson, Darius Milhaud, Edward Burlin- game Hill, Paul Hindemith, Morton, New Orleans Rhythm Kings, George Gershwin, Bix Beider- becke, John Alden Carpenter, Louis Armstrong, Alexandre Tansman, Red Nichols.

III. The Second Wave (1926-1935) 28 Stefan Wolpe, Beiderbecke, Roger Wolfe Kahn, Morton, Tiny Parham, Nichols, Gershwin, Arm- strong, Paul Whiteman, Erwin Schulhoff, Earl Hines, Maurice Ravel, Constant Lambert, Duke Elling- ton, Fletcher Henderson, Bohuslav Martinů.

IV: The Liberal-Communist War On Jazz; Schillinger, Tatum, Foresythe 55 Theodor Adorno and Arnold Schoenberg vs. Joseph Schillinger. The Boswell Sisters, Joe Venuti- Eddie Lang, Don Redman, Red Norvo, Isham Jones, Reginald Foresythe, Art Tatum, Ellington.

V: Swing: The Good, the Bad, and the Commercial (1935-1944) 76 Bunny Berigan, Beiderbecke, Norvo, Roy Eldridge, Lester Young, Coleman Hawkins, Benny Good- man, Jan Savitt, John Kirby, Django Reinhardt, Whiteman, Glenn Miller, Artie Shaw, Chick Webb, Meade Lux Lewis, Adele Girard, Sy Oliver, Sonny Kendis, Paul Laval, Mildred Bailey, Benny Carter, Shep Fields, Donald Lambert, George Shearing, Claude Thornhill, Ellington, others.

VI: Meanwhile, Back at the Ranch… 113 Alec Wilder, Vladimir Dukelsky, Dana Suesse, Morton Gould, Walter Gieseking, Tansman, Samuel Barber, Robert Russell Bennett, Alexander Tsfasman, Martinů.

VII: The Emergence of Bop and Stricter Classical Formality (1945-1953) 128 Boyd Raeburn, George Handy, Stravinsky, Leonard Bernstein, Eddie Sauter, Tatum, Ellington, Don Phillips, Shaw, Dave Brubeck, Dizzy Gillespie, George Russell, Hawkins, Charlie Parker, Ralph Burns, Gil Evans, Thelonious Monk, Stan Kenton, Pete Rugolo, Franklyn Marks, Lennie Tristano, Miles Davis, Charles Mingus, Modern Jazz Quartet, Clifford Brown, Sauter-Finegan, Wilder.

VIII: Jazz Concertos, Cool Jazz and Modern (1954-1966) 166 Mel Powell, Armstrong with the New York Philharmonic, Rolf Liebermann, André Hodeir, Marty Paich, Suesse, Gould, Ellington, Matyás Sieber, Leonard Salzedo, Tony Scott, Leith Stevens, Franz Waxman, John Lewis, Alonzo Levister, Herbie Nichols, Earl Hines, Allyn Ferguson, Fred Katz, Cecil Taylor, Gil Evans, Brubeck, Russell, J.J. Johnson, Jacques Loussier, Hall Overton, John Coltrane, Eric Dolphy, Ornette Coleman, Gunther Schuller, Johnny Richards, Sauter.

IX: Surviving Free Jazz (1962-1974) 220 Sonny Rollins, Ellington, Bill Evans, Clare Fischer, Dolphy, Rod Levitt, Lalo Schifrin, Coleman, Hugo Montenegro, John Williams, Russ Garcia, Don Ellis, Michael Mantler, Cecil Taylor, Pēteris Plakidis, Chick Corea, Warren Smith, Moondog, Hines, Oscar Peterson, Toshiko Akiyoshi.

X: George Russell 267

XI: Charles Mingus 284

XII: Fighting Against Fusion (1974-1990) 302 Keith Jarrett, Hank Levy, Corea, Hines, Akiyoshi, Peterson, Claude Bolling, Mingus, Terry Riley, Kronos Quartet, World Saxophone Quartet, At Ensemble of Chicago, Friedrich Gulda, Paul Schoen- field, Loussier, Turtle Island String Quartet, Willem Breuker, Charlie Haden, Mingus.

XIII: Revivals and Recreations; The Sociology of Jazz 334 Supersax, Stéphane Grappelli, Yehudi Menuhin, Frank Vignola, Stocholo Rosenberg, Dick Hyman, Bob Greene, Pam Pameijer, Stephanie Trick, Paolo Alderighi, Red Wing, Vince Giordano, Bill Chal- lis, Bratislava Hot Serenaders, Wynton Marsalis, Enrico Tomasso, Sir Simon Rattle.

XIV: Hanging in There (1990-2005) 358 Richard Rodney Bennett, Akiyoshi, Jack Reilly, Jack Walrath, Rabih Abou-Khalil, Katz, Yusef La- teef, Henry Threadgill, Breuker, Byron Olson, Marsalis, Erik Friedlander, John Harbison, Oliver Lake, Süher & Güher Pekinel, Ellis, Bob Chilcott, Duende.

XV: Nikolai Kapustin 394

XVI: Moving On (2005-2015) 408 Jelly Roll’s Ganjam, Gordon Goodwin, Guillermo Klein, Dick Hyman, Maria Schneider, Norwegian Army Band North, Bruce Wolosoff, Stephan König’s jazz Bach, Romain Baud, Joseph Lulloff and Charles Ruggiero, Threadgill, Loussier, Geoff Sheil, Sophie Dunér, John Yao, Mike Mower, Raleigh Dailey, John Carisi, Martial Solal, Laurie Altman, Valentin Radutiu, Gene Pritsker, Anders Koppel, Aki Takase and Ayumi Paul, Vijay Iyer.

XVII: Daniel Schnyder; the Re-Write of Spring 443

XVIII: Conclusions and Observations 465

Index 474

The Recordings 487