Programming Cocoa with Ruby
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Practical Ruby Projects: Practical Ruby Projects Ideas for the Eclectic Programmer
CYAN YELLOW MAGENTA BLACK PANTONE 123 C BOOKS FOR PROFESSIONALS BY PROFESSIONALS® THE EXPERT’S VOICE® IN OPEN SOURCE Companion eBook Available Practical Ruby Projects: Projects Ruby Practical Ideas for the Eclectic Programmer Dear Reader, You’ve learned the basics of Ruby, and you’re ready to move on to the next level— trying out advanced techniques, mastering best practices, and exploring Ruby’s full potential. With this book you’ll learn by experience while you tackle an exciting series of varied but always practical programming projects. What is an eclectic programmer, you ask? He or she is an inquisitive thinker Practical who likes to play around with new concepts, a person who is project-oriented and enjoys coding, a person who doesn’t mind some technical depth folded in with creative excursions, and a person who is always looking for fresh ideas. This book is a little different from other computer books. It is meant to be entertaining, exciting, and intellectually challenging. Inside you’ll find a collec- tion of diverse projects, ranging from the creative to the practical, written as a nod to all the great Rubyists I’ve been privileged to know. Each chapter dives into Ruby Projects new topics and approaches meant to exercise your programming muscles. You’ll start by building a cross-platform music environment, progress to drawing animations using scalable vector graphics, and then move on to prac- tical problem solving using simulation. In addition, you’ll implement your own turn-based strategy game and build a Mac-native RubyCocoa interface to it. -
Rapid GUI Development with Qtruby
Rapid GUI Development with QtRuby Caleb Tennis The Pragmatic Bookshelf Raleigh, North Carolina Dallas, Texas BOOKLEET © Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distin- guish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial capital letters or in all capitals. The Pragmatic Starter Kit, The Pragmatic Pro- grammer, Pragmatic Programming, Pragmatic Bookshelf and the linking g device are trademarks of The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC. Qt® is a registered trademark of Trolltech in Norway, the United States and other countries. Useful Friday Links • Source code from this book and Every precaution was taken in the preparation of this book. However, the other resources. publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for dam- • Free updates to this PDF • Errata and suggestions. To report ages that may result from the use of information (including program list- an erratum on a page, click the ings) contained herein. link in the footer. To see what we’re up to, please visit us at http://www.pragmaticprogrammer.com Copyright © 2006 The Pragmatic Programmers LLC. All rights reserved. This PDF publication is intended for the personal use of the individual whose name appears at the bottom of each page. This publication may not be disseminated to others by any means without the prior consent of the publisher. In particular, the publication must not be made available on the Internet (via a web server, file sharing network, or any other means). -
Debugging at Full Speed
Debugging at Full Speed Chris Seaton Michael L. Van De Vanter Michael Haupt Oracle Labs Oracle Labs Oracle Labs University of Manchester michael.van.de.vanter [email protected] [email protected] @oracle.com ABSTRACT Ruby; D.3.4 [Programming Languages]: Processors| Debugging support for highly optimized execution environ- run-time environments, interpreters ments is notoriously difficult to implement. The Truffle/- Graal platform for implementing dynamic languages offers General Terms an opportunity to resolve the apparent trade-off between Design, Performance, Languages debugging and high performance. Truffle/Graal-implemented languages are expressed as ab- Keywords stract syntax tree (AST) interpreters. They enjoy competi- tive performance through platform support for type special- Truffle, deoptimization, virtual machines ization, partial evaluation, and dynamic optimization/deop- timization. A prototype debugger for Ruby, implemented 1. INTRODUCTION on this platform, demonstrates that basic debugging services Although debugging and code optimization are both es- can be implemented with modest effort and without signifi- sential to software development, their underlying technolo- cant impact on program performance. Prototyped function- gies typically conflict. Deploying them together usually de- ality includes breakpoints, both simple and conditional, at mands compromise in one or more of the following areas: lines and at local variable assignments. The debugger interacts with running programs by insert- • Performance: Static compilers -
Specialising Dynamic Techniques for Implementing the Ruby Programming Language
SPECIALISING DYNAMIC TECHNIQUES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE RUBY PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2015 By Chris Seaton School of Computer Science This published copy of the thesis contains a couple of minor typographical corrections from the version deposited in the University of Manchester Library. [email protected] chrisseaton.com/phd 2 Contents List of Listings7 List of Tables9 List of Figures 11 Abstract 15 Declaration 17 Copyright 19 Acknowledgements 21 1 Introduction 23 1.1 Dynamic Programming Languages.................. 23 1.2 Idiomatic Ruby............................ 25 1.3 Research Questions.......................... 27 1.4 Implementation Work......................... 27 1.5 Contributions............................. 28 1.6 Publications.............................. 29 1.7 Thesis Structure............................ 31 2 Characteristics of Dynamic Languages 35 2.1 Ruby.................................. 35 2.2 Ruby on Rails............................. 36 2.3 Case Study: Idiomatic Ruby..................... 37 2.4 Summary............................... 49 3 3 Implementation of Dynamic Languages 51 3.1 Foundational Techniques....................... 51 3.2 Applied Techniques.......................... 59 3.3 Implementations of Ruby....................... 65 3.4 Parallelism and Concurrency..................... 72 3.5 Summary............................... 73 4 Evaluation Methodology 75 4.1 Evaluation Philosophy -
The Ruby Intermediate Language ∗
The Ruby Intermediate Language ∗ Michael Furr Jong-hoon (David) An Jeffrey S. Foster Michael Hicks University of Maryland, College Park ffurr,davidan,jfoster,[email protected] Abstract syntax that is almost ambiguous, and a semantics that includes Ruby is a popular, dynamic scripting language that aims to “feel a significant amount of special case, implicit behavior. While the natural to programmers” and give users the “freedom to choose” resulting language is arguably easy to use, its complex syntax and among many different ways of doing the same thing. While this ar- semantics make it hard to write tools that work with Ruby source guably makes programming in Ruby easier, it makes it hard to build code. analysis and transformation tools that operate on Ruby source code. In this paper, we describe the Ruby Intermediate Language In this paper, we present the Ruby Intermediate Language (RIL), (RIL), an intermediate language designed to make it easy to ex- a Ruby front-end and intermediate representation that addresses tend, analyze, and transform Ruby source code. As far as we are these challenges. RIL includes an extensible GLR parser for Ruby, aware, RIL is the only Ruby front-end designed with these goals in and an automatic translation into an easy-to-analyze intermediate mind. RIL provides four main advantages for working with Ruby form. This translation eliminates redundant language constructs, code. First, RIL’s parser is completely separated from the Ruby in- unravels the often subtle ordering among side effecting operations, terpreter, and is defined using a Generalized LR (GLR) grammar, and makes implicit interpreter operations explicit. -
Programming Cocoa with Ruby Create Compelling Mac Apps Using Rubycocoa
Extracted from: Programming Cocoa with Ruby Create Compelling Mac Apps Using RubyCocoa This PDF file contains pages extracted from Programming Cocoa with Ruby, published by the Pragmatic Bookshelf. For more information or to purchase a paperback or PDF copy, please visit http://www.pragprog.com. Note: This extract contains some colored text (particularly in code listing). This is available only in online versions of the books. The printed versions are black and white. Pagination might vary between the online and printer versions; the content is otherwise identical. Copyright © 2009 The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their prod- ucts are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial capital letters or in all capitals. The Pragmatic Starter Kit, The Pragmatic Programmer, Pragmatic Programming, Pragmatic Bookshelf and the linking g device are trademarks of The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC. Every precaution was taken in the preparation of this book. However, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages that may result from the use of information (including program listings) contained herein. Our Pragmatic courses, workshops, and other products can help you and your team create better software and have more fun. For more information, as well as the latest Pragmatic titles, please visit us at http://www.pragprog.com Copyright © 2009 Brian Marick. -
Ruby Objective-C Smalltalk-80 Typing
MacRuby (the bloodthirsty) Mario Aquino http://marioaquino.blogspot.com 1 MacRuby vantz ta drink yer blud 2 JRuby MacRuby IronRuby 3 4 Ruby Objective-C Smalltalk-80 Typing dynamic dynamic/static dynamic Runtime access to yes yes yes method names Runtime access to class yes yes yes names Runtime access to yes yes yes instance variable names Forwarding yes yes yes Metaclasses yes yes yes Inheritance mix-in single single Access to super method super super super root class Object Object (can have multiple) Object (can have multiple) Receiver name self self self Private Data yes yes yes Private methods yes no no Class Variables yes no yes Garbage Collection yes yes yes From http://www.approximity.com/ruby/Comparison_rb_st_m_java.html 5 Syntactic Comparison obj.method parameter [obj method:parameter] NSMutableArray *items = items = [] [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; ‘Heynow’ @”Heynow” 6 Objective-C: Categories #import <objc/Object.h> #import "Integer.h" @interface Integer : Object @implementation Integer { - (int) integer int integer; { } return integer; } - (int) integer; - (id) integer: (int) _integer; - (id) integer: (int) _integer @end { integer = _integer; #import "Integer.h" return self; } @interface Integer (Arithmetic) @end - (id) add: (Integer *) addend; @end #import "Arithmetic.h" @implementation Integer (Arithmetic) - (id) add: (Integer *) addend { return [self integer: [self integer] + [addend integer]]; } 7 Ruby: Open Classes class Integer attr_reader :integer def integer=(_integer) @integer = _integer self end end class Integer -
Arduino: a Quick-Start Guide
Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com> What Readers Are Saying About Arduino: A Quick-Start Guide The most comprehensive book on the Arduino platform I have read. Loaded with excellent examples and references, Arduino: A Quick-Start Guide gets beginners up and running in no time and provides experi- enced developers with a wealth of inspiration for their own projects. Haroon Baig Creator of the Twitwee Clock, http://www.haroonbaig.com Excellently paced for those who have never experimented with elec- tronics or microcontrollers before and packed with valuable tidbits even for advanced Arduino tinkerers. Georg Kaindl Creator, Arduino DHCP, DNS, and Bonjour libs The Arduino platform is a great way for anyone to get into embedded systems, and this book is the road map. From first baby steps to com- plex sensors and even game controllers, there is no better way to get going on the Arduino. T o n y Williamitis Senior embedded systems engineer I recommend this engaging and informative book to software develop- ers who want to learn the basics of electronics, as well as to anyone looking to interface their computers with the physical world. René Bohne Software developer and creator of LumiNet Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com> Arduino A Quick-Start Guide Maik Schmidt The Pragmatic Bookshelf Raleigh, North Carolina Dallas, Texas Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com> Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their prod- ucts are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial capital letters or in all capitals. -
Eventmachine Что Делать, Если Вы Соскучились По Callback-Ам?
EventMachine Что делать, если вы соскучились по callback-ам? Николай Норкин, 7Pikes Что такое асинхронность? 2 Наша жизнь синхронна и однопоточна 3 Наша жизнь синхронна и однопоточна 3 Асинхронность в вычислительной технике Работа Ожидание 4 Асинхронность в вычислительной технике Работа Ожидание 4 Reactor 5 Reactor Ожидание событий Events Event Loop Callbacks Обработка событий 5 EventMachine 6 Когда нам нужен EventMachine? 7 Когда нам нужен EventMachine? • Работа с сетью (HTTP, TCP, e.t.c) • Работа с ФС • Запросы к БД • любые другие операции, вынуждающие процесс ждать 7 Параллельные запросы 8 Threads threads = [] responses = [] responses_mutex = Mutex.new request_count.times do threads << Thread.new(responses) do |responses| response = RestClient.get URL responses_mutex.synchronize { responses << response } end end threads.each(&:join) 9 Время Threads 25 22,5 20 17,5 15 12,5 10 7,5 5 2,5 0 10 50 100 200 500 1000 10 Память Threads 1 200 1 080 960 840 720 600 480 360 240 120 0 10 50 100 200 500 1000 11 EventMachine responses = [] EventMachine.run do multi = EventMachine::MultiRequest.new request_count.times { |i| multi.add i, EM::HttpRequest.new(URL).get } multi.callback do responses = multi.responses[:callback].values.map(&:response) EventMachine.stop end end 12 Время Threads EventMachine 25 22,5 20 17,5 15 12,5 10 7,5 5 2,5 0 10 50 100 200 500 1000 13 Память Threads EventMachine 1 200 1 080 960 840 720 600 480 360 240 120 0 10 50 100 200 500 1000 14 Быстродействие 15 rack require 'rubygems' require 'rack' class HelloWorld def call(env) -
Learn to Program Second Edition
Prepared exclusively for Reed Kennedy Learn to Program Second Edition Chris Pine The Pragmatic Bookshelf Raleigh, North Carolina Dallas, Texas Prepared exclusively for Reed Kennedy Pragmatic Bookshelf Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial capital letters or in all capitals. The Pragmatic Starter Kit, The Pragmatic Programmer, Pragmatic Programming, Pragmatic Bookshelf and the linking g device are trademarks of The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC. Every precaution was taken in the preparation of this book. However, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages that may result from the use of information (including program listings) containedherein. Our Pragmatic courses, workshops, and other products can help you and your team create better software and have more fun. For more information, as well as the latest Pragmatic titles, please visit us at http://www.pragprog.com Copyright © 2009 Chris Pine. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmit- ted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN-10: 0-9766940-4-2 ISBN-13: 978-1-934356-36-4 Printed on acid-free paper. P2.0 printing, April 2010 Version: 2010-5-5 Prepared exclusively for Reed Kennedy Contents Preface to the Second Edition vii Introduction x What Is Programming? ...................... -
Practical Partial Evaluation for High-Performance Dynamic Language Runtimes
Practical Partial Evaluation for High-Performance Dynamic Language Runtimes Thomas Wurthinger¨ ∗ Christian Wimmer∗ Christian Humer∗ Andreas Woߨ ∗ Lukas Stadler∗ Chris Seaton∗ Gilles Duboscq∗ Doug Simon∗ Matthias Grimmery ∗ y Oracle Labs Institute for System Software, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria fthomas.wuerthinger, christian.wimmer, christian.humer, andreas.woess, lukas.stadler, chris.seaton, gilles.m.duboscq, [email protected] [email protected] Abstract was first implemented for the SELF language [23]: a multi- Most high-performance dynamic language virtual machines tier optimization system with adaptive optimization and de- duplicate language semantics in the interpreter, compiler, optimization. Multiple tiers increase the implementation and and runtime system, violating the principle to not repeat maintenance costs for a VM: In addition to a language- yourself. In contrast, we define languages solely by writ- specific optimizing compiler, a separate first-tier execution ing an interpreter. Compiled code is derived automatically system must be implemented [2, 4, 21]. Even though the using partial evaluation (the first Futamura projection). The complexity of an interpreter or a baseline compiler is lower interpreter performs specializations, e.g., augments the in- than the complexity of an optimizing compiler, implement- terpreted program with type information and profiling infor- ing them is far from trivial [45]. Additionally, they need to mation. Partial evaluation incorporates these specializations. be maintained and ported to new architectures. This makes partial evaluation practical in the context of dy- But more importantly, the semantics of a language need namic languages, because it reduces the size of the compiled to be implemented multiple times in different styles: For code while still compiling in all parts of an operation that are the first-tier interpreter or baseline compiler, language op- relevant for a particular program. -
Extendingruby1.9
Extending Ruby 1.9 Writing Extensions in C Dave Thomas with Chad Fowler Andy Hunt The Pragmatic Bookshelf Raleigh, North Carolina Dallas, Texas Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial capital letters or in all capitals. The Pragmatic Starter Kit, The Pragmatic Programmer, Pragmatic Programming, Pragmatic Bookshelf and the linking g device are trademarks of The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC. Every precaution was taken in the preparation of this book. However, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages that may result from the use of information (including program listings) contained herein. Our Pragmatic courses, workshops, and other products can help you and your team create better software and have more fun. For more information, as well as the latest Pragmatic titles, please visit us at http://www.pragprog.com. Copyright © 2010 The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN-10: ISBN-13: Printed on acid-free paper. 1.0 printing, November 2010 Version: 2010-11-11 Contents 1 Introduction 5 2 ExtendingRuby 6 2.1 Your First Extension ........................... 6 2.2 Ruby Objects in C ............................ 9 2.3 TheThreadingModel .........................