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Integrated Management Plan Clam Fishery

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Integrated Management Plan Clam Fishery INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLAN CLAM FISHERY EASTERN NEW BRUNSWICK AREA GULF REGION INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLAN CLAM FISHERY EASTERN NEW BRUNSWICK AREA GULF REGION 2001-2006 ii w:clams/2001/clam management plan 2001-2006 INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLAN CLAM FISHERY Eastern New Brunswick Area 2001-2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of tables ..................................................................................................................v Glossary……………………………………………………………………………vi Introduction....................................................................................................................1 Background ................................................................................................................... 1 1. Overview of the fishery............................................................................................ 3 2. Stock status report……………………………………………………………..14 3. Long-term management objectives …………………………………………...21 4. Management measures and conservation and harvesting plans ………………23 5. Current management problems ……………………………………………….25 6. Detailed management measures for 2001……………………………………..29 7. Conservation and protection program and strategies for 2001………………..31 8. Industry responsibilities ………………………………………………………32 9. DFO Roles and responsibilities ………………………………………………33 Appendix 1: Map and description of statistical districts ………………………..35 Appendix 2: Management of Contaminated Fisheries Regulations ………..…..36 iii w:clams/2001/clam management plan 2001-2006 Appendix 3: Contaminated soft-shell clam fishing licence …………………….38 Appendix 4: Log book ………………………………………………………….49 Appendix 5: Licensing policy for the commercial clam fishery in the Gulf Region ………………………………………………………………50 Appendix 6: Prototype and specifications for a mechanical harvester ………...51 Appendix 7: Regulations governing the commercial clam fishery in the Eastern New Brunswick Area ………………………………………………….52 Appendix 8: Scientific and technical publications ………………………….…54 Appendix 9: Management plan evaluation criteria ……………………………55 Appendix 10: Conservation and protection plan evaluation criteria …………..56 Appendix 11: Notice to fishers ………………………………………………...57 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………....58 Contributors …………………………………………………………………….59 iv w:clams/2001/clam management plan 2001-2006 LIST OF TABLES 1. Numbers of licences by statistical district (2000) 2. Licences issued, 1994 to 2000 3. Landings and landed value by statistical district – soft-shell clam 4. Landings and landed value by statistical district –bar clam 5. Landings and landed value by statistical district – bay quahaug 6. Life cycle of the soft-shell clam v w:clams/2001/clam management plan 2001-2006 GLOSSARY Approved shellfish area(1): a category of classification applied to a shellfish area that has been approved by the shellfish sanitation monitoring agency for production or harvesting purposes for direct marketing, without depuration. This category assignment is made following a sanitary survey conducted by the shellfish sanitation monitoring agency, in accordance with chapter 2 of the Canadian Shellfish Program Manual of Operations. An approved shellfish area may be temporarily closed when a public health emergency has been declared, as, for example, in the event of a hurricane or flood. Clam: a term denoting a number of species, including the soft-shell clam (Mya arenaria), the bar clam (Spisula solidissima), the bay quahaug (Mercenaria mercenaria) and the razor clam (Ensis patula). Closed shellfish area(1): an area where harvesting is temporarily or permanently prohibited, except to holders of special licences specifying the use to which the harvested shellfish are to be put. Coastal fisher: means a fisher who is not part of a core enterprise and who holds at least one key commercial non-vessel based licence. Key commercial non-vessel based licences for the Eastern New Brunswick Area are bay quahaug, bar clam, soft-shell clam, eel, gaspereau, oyster and smelt. Conditionally approved shellfish area(1): a shellfish area that has been conditionally approved by the shellfish sanitation monitoring agency. A conditionally approved shellfish area must meet the same criteria as an approved area during a foreseeable period. That period is subject to conformity to established water quality standards as set forth in a master plan. A conditionally approved shellfish growing area is temporarily closed by the shellfish sanitation monitoring agency if it ceases to meet the criteria required for an approved area. Core enterprise: means a fishing unit composed of a fisher (head of enterprise), registered vessel(s) and the licences he holds and which has been designated as such in 1996 under the following criteria: For bonafide fishers: have bonafide status and hold one key licence (snow crab, category A lobster, groundfish other than handline, scallop, tuna or herring). For non-bonafide fishers: hold either two key licences (shrimp, snow crab, lobster A and groundfish ITQ only) or one key licence and have fished for a full season with vi w:clams/2001/clam management plan 2001-2006 minimum landings of $25 000 from his own licences for two of the years 1993, 1994 and 1995. Ecosystem: the basic ecological unit consisting of a life environment and the organisms, animals and plants living in it. Integrated fisheries management plans: are aimed at enhancing the conservation and sustainable use of fishery resources. Plans incorporate conservation, management and scientific requirements for a fishery and also spell out the process and implementation of resource management, conservation and protection measures. The process provides the basis for a more integrated approach between DFO sectors as well as for a more meaningful participation of all stakeholders. Integrated fisheries management plans in effect set the stage for co-management arrangements by ensuring transparency, establishing overall allocations between sectors and fleets, providing relevant contextual information and ensuring that clients and stakeholders are consulted on the overall goals and strategies for the management of each fishery. Relaying(1): transferring shellfish from a closed area to an approved area for natural biological depuration, using the environment as a depuration system (Houser 1964). Shellfish area(1): an area in which shellfish grow or which is suitable for shellfish growth. Watershed: a geographic term designating an area draining into a single body of water, such as a bay (the Caraquet Bay watershed) or a river (the Aboujagane River watershed) and includes ground water, surface water and wetlands. (1) Canadian Shellfish Program Manual of Operations, DFO and Environment Canada. vii w:clams/2001/clam management plan 2001-2006 INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLAN CLAM FISHERY Eastern New Brunswick Area 2001-2006 INTRODUCTION This management plan applies to the commercial clam fishery in that part of the Eastern New Brunswick Area contained between statistical districts 63 and 80 (see appendix 1), and covers the years 2001 to 2006 inclusive. It is designed to promote sustainable development, an ecosystemic approach, integrated management and a prudent approach as intended by the Oceans Act. This plan is designed to be applied in conjunction with a yearly update in which specific management measures concerning harvesting, notably fishing areas, seasons and catch limits, may be adjusted in accordance with conservation requirements. BACKGROUND The term “clam” denotes various bivalve molluscs found along Canada’s Atlantic coast. The main commercial species, in order of abundance and economic importance, are the soft-shell clam (Mya arenaria), the bar clam (Spisula solidissima) and the bay quahaug (Mercenaria mercenaria). The harvesting of these three species, and also the razor clam (Ensis patula), is regulated by the Maritime Provinces Fishery Regulations. Based on statistical data from 1994 to 1998, the mean annual value of the commercial clam fishery in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence is closed to $ 8 million with landings of 5 million metric tons. Soft-shell clams account for 57 per cent of all landings and 60% of landed value, thus the most important species. Bay quahaugs account for 26 per cent of all landings and 29% of landed value. Bar clams account for 17 per cent of all landings and 11% of landed value. The New Brunswick soft-shell clam fishery is characterized by manual harvesting methods, as a moratorium on the use of mechanical shellfish harvesters has been in force in that province since 1985, shortly after such harvesters had first been introduced. In all, nine mechanical harvesting licences were issued; of these, the only one still active is held by a 45’ boat operator who fishes in Northumberland Strait. 1 w:clams/2001/clam management plan 2001-2006 Since 1990, the harvesting of clams in contaminated areas has been regulated by the Management of Contaminated Fisheries Regulations. Since 1993, when the Maritime Provinces Fishery Regulations were issued, only holders of commercial clam fishing licences are allowed to harvest clams commercially. In January 1994, the Eastern New Brunswick Area held six meetings for public consultations with clam fishers, with a view to soliciting their recommendations concerning licensing and management measures for the soft-shell clam, bar clam, bay quahaug and razor clam fisheries. Up to that time, there had been no clam fishery management plan at all; the only management tool had been the regulations. Harvesting had barely been monitored, the
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