DOCSLIB.ORG

The Seat of Justice in the House of Love: Toward an Ecclesial Theory of Justice

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Seat of Justice in the House of Love: Toward an Ecclesial Theory of Justice Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2016 The Seat of Justice in the House of Love: Toward an Ecclesial Theory of Justice James Grant Gholson Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Ethics in Religion Commons Recommended Citation Gholson, James Grant, "The Seat of Justice in the House of Love: Toward an Ecclesial Theory of Justice" (2016). Dissertations. 2281. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/2281 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2016 James Grant Gholson LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO THE SEAT OF JUSTICE IN THE HOUSE OF LOVE: TOWARD AN ECCLESIAL THEORY OF JUSTICE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM IN THEOLOGY BY JAMES GRANT GHOLSON CHICAGO, IL DECEMBER 2016 Copyright by James Grant Gholson, 2016 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank all of the people who made this dissertation possible, starting with the staff and faculty in the Theology Department at Loyola University Chicago. Whereas everyone in our department is beholden to the inimitable Catherine Wolf in one way or another, I am particularly because of the extreme patience she showed to me as I struggled to navigate the various bureaucratic processes of graduate school life. In addition to being a careful and helpful reader of the drafts of this text, Dr. William French is responsible for introducing to me the crisis at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, which originally got me thinking about a justice in the church. From Dr. Michael Schuck I learned to think seriously about the problem of the relation of the individual to her society, and the ideas I first thought through in a paper written for his class form the backbone of the first chapter of this work. Moreover, I greatly appreciate his willingness to accept a position on my dissertation committee at a relatively late date in the process of the project’s completion. I cannot begin to name the debt I owe to my director, Dr. Hille Haker, who shepherded this project in the long years from its infancy to its completion. While challenging many of my epistemological, methodological, and ethical assumptions, she was never less than a model of Christian charity, and I am a better thinker and a better person because of her. iii I would like also to acknowledge my wonderful son James, who intuitively seemed to know just when to interrupt my writing in our home study at those times when I felt I could no longer concentrate on writing. And what can be said about the many contributions of my wife Erica, except that without her inexhaustible support, encouragement, and love you would not be reading this dissertation right now. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................... iii PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE: FRAMEWORK FOR AN ECCLESIAL THEORY OF JUSTICE ............. 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 Prolegomena to a Postliberal, Ecclesial Ethics ....................................................................... 7 Karl Barth ................................................................................................................................. 7 Ludwig Wittgenstein ............................................................................................................ 13 Hans Frei ................................................................................................................................ 18 George Lindbeck ................................................................................................................... 22 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 29 The “Standard Account” of Christian Ethics ........................................................................ 31 Pre-Constantinian Era ......................................................................................................... 32 Post-Constantinian Era ........................................................................................................ 36 Religion in the Enlightenment ............................................................................................ 41 Christian Narrative Justice: Promise and Problems ............................................................ 45 Mary Doak ............................................................................................................................. 49 Glenn Stassen ........................................................................................................................ 52 CHAPTER TWO: THE COMMUNITY OF THE RESURRECTION VERSUS THE PRINCIPALITIES AND POWERS OF THE WORLD ....................................................... 60 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 60 A Post-Protestant Paul?: The New Perspective .................................................................... 64 The Faith of Jesus Christ ......................................................................................................... 75 Paul’s Apocalyptic Gospel ....................................................................................................... 81 God wages war against fallen creation ............................................................................... 82 God’s victory through Christ liberates humanity ............................................................. 83 Christ reveals our sin ............................................................................................................ 85 The Exousiology of the New Testament ................................................................................ 93 Berkhof’s Christ and the Powers .......................................................................................... 93 The Powers in the Work of John Howard Yoder ............................................................ 106 The Role of the Community in Relation to the Powers ................................................. 115 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 116 CHAPTER THREE: LOVE AND JUSTICE .......................................................................... 120 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 120 The Thomistic Option: Two Encyclicals of Benedict XVI ................................................ 124 Critical Analysis .................................................................................................................. 133 An Honest Realism: Reinhold Niebuhr............................................................................... 141 Critical Analysis .................................................................................................................. 147 A Dialectical Approach: Paul Ricoeur ................................................................................. 152 Critical Analysis .................................................................................................................. 164 v Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 166 CHAPTER FOUR: TWO KINDS OF JUSTICE: AGAPIC AND INSTITUTIONAL...... 172 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 172 Institutional Justice ................................................................................................................ 174 Critique of Distribution Theories of Justice .................................................................... 176 The Situated Self .................................................................................................................. 179 Group Identity ..................................................................................................................... 184 The Five Faces of Oppression ............................................................................................ 187 City Life ................................................................................................................................ 196 Young’s Responsibility for Justice .................................................................................... 197 Structural Processes as Powerful Practices ...................................................................... 201 Self-Critique as Ecclesial Institutional Justice ................................................................. 211 The Church as a City .........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index® 2020 Board of Directors: Sheikha Abdulla Al-Misnad, Report Was Prepared by the World Justice Project
    World Justice .:�=; Project World Justice Project ® Rule of Law Index 2020 The World Justice Project Rule The World Justice Project of Law Index® 2020 The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index® 2020 Board of Directors: Sheikha Abdulla Al-Misnad, report was prepared by the World Justice Project. Kamel Ayadi, William C. Hubbard, Hassan Bubacar The Index’s conceptual framework and methodology Jallow, Suet-Fern Lee, Mondli Makhanya, Margaret were developed by Juan Carlos Botero, Mark David McKeown, William H. Neukom, John Nery, Ellen Agrast, and Alejandro Ponce. Data collection and Gracie Northfleet, James R. Silkenat and Petar Stoyanov. analysis for the 2020 report was performed by Lindsey Bock, Erin Campbell, Alicia Evangelides, Emma Frerichs, Directors Emeritus: President Dr. Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai Joshua Fuller, Amy Gryskiewicz, Camilo Gutiérrez Patiño, Matthew Harman, Alexa Hopkins, Ayyub Officers: Mark D. Agrast, Vice President; Deborah Ibrahim, Sarah Chamness Long, Rachel L. Martin, Jorge Enix-Ross, Vice President; Nancy Ward, Vice A. Morales, Alejandro Ponce, Natalia Rodríguez President; William C. Hubbard, Chairman of the Cajamarca, Leslie Solís Saravia, Rebecca Silvas, and Board; Gerold W. Libby, General Counsel and Adriana Stephan, with the assistance of Claudia Secretary; William H. Neukom, Founder and CEO; Bobadilla, Gabriel Hearn-Desautels, Maura McCrary, James R. Silkenat, Director and Treasurer. Emma Poplack, and Francesca Tinucci. The report was produced under the executive direction of Elizabeth Executive Director: Elizabeth Andersen Andersen. Chief Research Officer: Alejandro Ponce Lead graphic designer for this report was Priyanka Khosla, with assistance from Courtney Babcock. The WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 report was made possible by the generous supporters of the work of the Lead website designer was Pitch Interactive, with World Justice Project listed in this report on page 203.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatise of Human Nature Book III: Morals
    Treatise of Human Nature Book III: Morals David Hume 1740 Copyright © Jonathan Bennett 2017. All rights reserved [Brackets] enclose editorial explanations. Small ·dots· enclose material that has been added, but can be read as though it were part of the original text. Occasional •bullets, and also indenting of passages that are not quotations, are meant as aids to grasping the structure of a sentence or a thought. Every four-point ellipsis . indicates the omission of a brief passage that seems to present more difficulty than it is worth. Longer omissions are described, between brackets, in normal-sized type. First launched: October 2008 Contents Part i: Virtue and vice in general 234 1: Moral distinctions aren’t derived from reason.......................................... 234 2: Moral distinctions are derived from a moral sense...................................... 242 Part ii: Justice and injustice 246 1: Justice natural or artificial?................................................... 246 2: The origin of justice and property................................................ 250 3: The rules that settle who owns what.............................................. 260 4: The transference of property by consent............................................ 266 5: The obligation of promises..................................................... 267 6: Further thoughts about justice and injustice......................................... 272 Treatise III David Hume 7: The origin of government..................................................... 275
    [Show full text]
  • In the Liverpool District of the Methodist Church
    THE ECCLESIAL REALITY OF FRESH EXPRESSIONS “DOING CHURCH DIFFERENTLY” IN THE LIVERPOOL DISTRICT OF THE METHODIST CHURCH by CHRISTINE MARGARET DUTTON A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Urban Theology Unit, Sheffield Department of Theology and Religion College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham March 2017 1 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT In the light of the Mission-Shaped Church report (2004) and the foundation of the joint Anglican/Methodist Fresh Expressions Initiative (2005), churches were encouraged to seek ‘fresh expressions of church for our changing culture, established primarily for the benefit of people who are not yet members of any church’. The ecclesial reality of four case studies of new forms of worshipping communities across Methodist Churches in the Liverpool District was examined and analysed in relation to the official statements of the Methodist Church and the Fresh Expressions Initiative, questioning the rhetoric of “church for the unchurched”. Operating at the interface of ethnography and ecclesiology, this thesis employed ethnographic and negotiated research methods in order to establish why, in an age of declining church attendance, people are choosing to join groups that are doing church differently.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecumenical Ecclesiology in Its New Contexts: Considering the Transformed Relationship Between Roman Catholic Ecclesiology and Ecumenism
    religions Article Ecumenical Ecclesiology in its New Contexts: Considering the Transformed Relationship between Roman Catholic Ecclesiology and Ecumenism Kristin Colberg Department of Theology, College of Saint Benedict, St. John’s School of Theology & Seminary, Collegeville, MN 56321-2000, USA; [email protected] Received: 20 August 2018; Accepted: 25 September 2018; Published: 26 September 2018 Abstract: The quest for Christian unity is entering a new phase amidst the movement’s many voices, perspectives and tensions. Christians are witnessing the advent of an emerging ecumenical paradigm, which, because it is not fully realized, is still realizing its full definition. The paradigm operates in a global context rather than a Eurocentric one, and even as it is more global, it is simultaneously more local. It cultivates shared praxis while being less concerned with the comparison of dogmas. Ecclesiology is also entering a new paradigm which shares many features with its ecumenical counterpart, particularly its global perspective and interest in shared praxis ahead of dogmatic questions. Even though ecumenism and ecclesiology share common trajectories, their journeys are unfolding in largely parallel rather than cooperative and mutually-enriching ways. This raises the question: What opportunities might arise from examining the shifts in ecumenism and ecclesiology together? This article examines how new methodological and practical developments in these two fields can form and inform one another. It studies the shift to synodality in the Catholic Church and the turn towards discernment in the ecumenical sphere as manifestations of similar theological commitments and a common interest in cultivating participatory processes. The seismic changes reshaping the religious landscape are transforming the relationship between ecumenism and ecclesiology; yet a strong connection between them endures and illumines paths forward for the church in the third millennium.
    [Show full text]
  • Animals Liberation Philosophy and Policy Journal Volume 5, Issue 2
    AAnniimmaallss LLiibbeerraattiioonn PPhhiilloossoopphhyy aanndd PPoolliiccyy JJoouurrnnaall VVoolluummee 55,, IIssssuuee 22 -- 22000077 Animal Liberation Philosophy and Policy Journal Volume 5, Issue 2 2007 Edited By: Steven Best, Chief Editor ____________________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Lev Tolstoy and the Freedom to Choose One’s Own Path Andrea Rossing McDowell Pg. 2-28 Jewish Ethics and Nonhuman Animals Lisa Kemmerer Pg. 29-47 Deliberative Democracy, Direct Action, and Animal Advocacy Stephen D’Arcy Pg. 48-63 Should Anti-Vivisectionists Boycott Animal-Tested Medicines? Katherine Perlo Pg. 64-78 A Note on Pedagogy: Humane Education Making a Difference Piers Bierne and Meena Alagappan Pg. 79-94 BOOK REVIEWS _________________ Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal, by Eric Schlosser (2005) Reviewed by Lisa Kemmerer Pg. 95-101 Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust, by Charles Patterson (2002) Reviewed by Steven Best Pg. 102-118 The Longest Struggle: Animal Advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA, by Norm Phelps (2007) Reviewed by Steven Best Pg. 119-130 Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume V, Issue 2, 2007 Lev Tolstoy and the Freedom to Choose One’s Own Path Andrea Rossing McDowell, PhD It is difficult to be sat on all day, every day, by some other creature, without forming an opinion about them. On the other hand, it is perfectly possible to sit all day every day, on top of another creature and not have the slightest thought about them whatsoever. -- Douglas Adams, Dirk Gently’s Holistic Detective Agency (1988) Committed to the idea that the lives of humans and animals are inextricably linked, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828–1910) promoted—through literature, essays, and letters—the animal world as another venue in which to practice concern and kindness, consequently leading to more peaceful, consonant human relations.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PERNICIOUS INFLUENCES of IMMANUEL KANT Donald Ray
    THE PERNICIOUS INFLUENCES OF IMMANUEL KANT Donald Ray Hargrove Classical Philosophy PH501 November 28, 2011 THE PERNICIOUS INFLENCES OF IMMANUEL KANT The notable Christian apologist Norman Geisler commented to a class of about forty seminarians who were actively involved in the professional study of God’s Word with something like: ‘Men, Immanuel Kant has a bigger influence on your life than Jesus Christ.’1 When I heard about Geisler’s comment, it woke me from my slumber regarding the importance for every Christian to understand Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and his influences. It would be one thing if Geisler made the comment to Christians who were not serious about the Word of God. However, this charge was made to seminarians who had taken the call of Jesus Christ seriously enough to receive professional training in Christ’s Word for the purpose of serving Him as evangelists, pastors, Bible teachers, and theologians. Could it be true that these seminarians were more influenced by the thoughts of a man whom they may not have known much about than the Man whom they were actively studying? Could mere philosophical naiveté be responsible for them being more influenced by Kant than Christ? If so, what are the characteristics of and distinctions between the influences of Immanuel Kant and Jesus Christ? Such a charge by the likes of Norman Geisler should not be lightly dismissed by any Christian. Given the grave repercussions, it is imperative for every Christian to understand the 1Norman Geisler’s comment was related by Professor Richard Howe in a recorded lecture at Southern Evangelical Seminary in distance education course “PH501, Classical Philosophy,” lecture 12.
    [Show full text]
  • The Promise of the New Ecumenical Directory
    Theological Studies Faculty Works Theological Studies 1994 The Promise of the New Ecumenical Directory Thomas P. Rausch Loyola Marymount University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/theo_fac Part of the Catholic Studies Commons Recommended Citation Rausch, Thomas P. “The Promise of the New Ecumenical Directory,” Mid-Stream 33 (1994): 275-288. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Theological Studies at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theological Studies Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thomas P. Rausch The Promise of the ew Ecumenical Directory Thomas P. Rausch, S. J., is Professor of Theological Studies and Rector of the Jesuit Community at Loyola Marym01.1nt University, Los Angeles, California, and chair of the department. A specialist in the areas of ecclesiology, ecumenism, and the theology of the priesthood, he is the author of five books and numerous articles. he new Roman Catholic Ecumenical Directory (ED), officially titled the Directory for the Application ofPrinciples and Norms on Ecumenism, was released on June 8, 1993 by the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity. 1 In announcing it, Pope John Paul II said that its preparation was motivated by "the desire to hasten the journey towards unity, an indispensable condition for a truly re­ newed evangelization. "2 The pope's linking of Christian unity with a renewal of the Church's work of evangelization is important, for the very witness of the Church as a community of humankind reconciled in Christ is weakened by the obvious lack of unity among Christians.
    [Show full text]
  • • Principals Off Er Alternative to Loans Scheme
    IRlBOT RICE GRLLERY a. BRQ~ University of Edinburgh, Old College THE South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL Tel: 031-667 1011 ext 4308 STATIONERS 24 Feb-24 March WE'RE BETTER FRANCES WALKER Tiree Works Tues·Sat 10 am·5 pm Admission Free Subsidised by the Scottish Ans Council Glasgow Herald Studen_t' Newspaper of the l'. ear thursday, february 15, 12 substance: JUNO A.ND •20 page supplement, THE PAYCOCK: Lloyd Cole interview .Civil War tragedy . VALENTINES at the .and compe~tion insi~ P.13 Lyceum p.10 Graduate Tax proposed • Principals offer alternative to loans scheme by Mark Campanile Means tested parental con­ He said that the CVCP administrative arrangements for Mr MacGregor also stated that tributions would be abolished, accepted that, in principle, stu­ loans and is making good prog­ administrative costs would be pro­ ress." hibitive, although the CVCP UNIVERSITY VICE Chan­ and the money borrowed would dents should pay something be repayed through income tax or towards their own education, but "The department will of course claim their plan would be cheaper cellors ancf Principals have national insurance contributions. that they believed that the current . be meeting the representatives of to implement than the combined announced details of a A spokesman for the CVCP, loans proposals were unfair, the universities, polytechnics, and running costs for grants and loans. graduate tax scheme which · Dr Ted Neild, told Student that administratively complicated, and colleges in due course to discuss NUS President Maeve Sher-. they want the government to the proposals meant that flawed because they still involved their role in certifying student lock has denounced the new prop­ consider as an alternative to graduates who had an income at a parental contributions, which are eligibility for loans." osals as "loans by any other student loans.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Christendom, Post-Constantinian, Post-Christian…Does the Label Matter?
    Post-Christendom, Post-Constantinian, Post-Christian…does the label matter? Post-Christendom The term ‘post-Christendom’ has become increasingly familiar in conversations about church and mission in contemporary western societies. Some first encountered this term in the ‘After Christendom’ series, published by Paternoster and written by members of the Anabaptist Network since 2004. 1 These books offer resources to help us understand and engage creatively with the challenges and opportunities of post-Christendom culture. But many others are also using this language, and have done so for many years, even if its significance has not been widely recognised until quite recently. ‘Post-Christendom’ appears to be a significant lens through which to view the emerging cultural landscape. However, different people use the term ‘post-Christendom’ in different ways. Sometimes this helps us engage with the issues we face; but sometimes it simply causes confusion. In the emerging church conversation, for instance, ‘post-Christendom’ is often used as if it were a synonym for post-modernity. Understanding and engaging with post-modernity is undoubtedly important, but referring to this as ‘post-Christendom’ does not aid clarity of thinking. The transition from modernity to post-modernity and from Christendom to post- Christendom confronts us with a cultural and missional ‘double whammy’. These shifts overlap, complement and reinforce each other in various ways, so we do need to explore their inter-relationship and dual impact. But post-Christendom is not the same as post- modernity. Post-Christendom presents different challenges and opportunities. The first book in the ‘After Christendom’ series offered a definition of post-Christendom: the culture that emerges as the Christian faith loses coherence within a society that has been definitively shaped by the Christian story and as the institutions that have been developed to express Christian convictions decline in influence.
    [Show full text]
  • Generous Orthodoxy - Doing Theology in the Spirit
    Generous Orthodoxy - Doing Theology in the Spirit When St Mellitus began back in 2007, a Memorandum of Intent was drawn up outlining the agreement for the new College. It included the following paragraph: “The Bishops and Dean of St Mellitus will ensure that the College provides training that represents a generous Christian orthodoxy and that trains ordinands in such a way that all mainstream traditions of the Church have proper recognition and provision within the training.” That statement reflected a series of conversations that happened at the early stages of the project, and the desire from everyone involved that this new college would try in some measure to break the mould of past theological training. Most of us who had trained at residential colleges in the past had trained in party colleges which did have the benefit of strengthening the identity of the different rich traditions of the church in England but also the disadvantage of often reinforcing unhelpful stereotypes and suspicion of other groups and traditions within the church. I remember discussing how we would describe this new form of association. It was Simon Downham, the vicar of St Paul’s Hammersmith who came up with the idea of calling it a “Generous Orthodoxy”, and so the term was introduced that has become so pivotal to the identity of the College ever since. Of course, Simon was not the first to use the phrase. It was perhaps best known as the title of a book published in 2004 by Brian McLaren, a book which was fairly controversial at the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Concordia Theological Quarterly
    Concordia Theological Quarterly Volume 76:1-2 Januaryj April 2012 Table of Contents What Would Bach Do Today? Paul J. Grilne ........................................................................................... 3 Standing on the Brink of the J01'dan: Eschatological Intention in Deute1'onomy Geoffrey R. Boyle .................................................................................. 19 Ch1'ist's Coming and the ChUl'ch's Mission in 1 Thessalonians Charles A. Gieschen ............................................................................. 37 Luke and the Foundations of the Chu1'ch Pete1' J. Scaer .......................................................................................... 57 The Refonnation and the Invention of History Korey D. Maas ...................................................................................... 73 The Divine Game: Faith and the Reconciliation of Opposites in Luthe1"s Lectures on Genesis S.J. Munson ............................................................................................ 89 Fides Heroica? Luthe1" s P1'aye1' fo1' Melanchthon's Recovery f1'om Illness in 1540 Albert B. Collver III ............................................................................ 117 The Quest fo1' Luthe1'an Identity in the Russian Empire Darius Petkiinas .................................................................................. 129 The Theology of Stanley Hauerwas Joel D. Lehenbauer ............................................................................. 157 Theological Observer
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of the Cross: the Theology and Social Ethics of John Howard Yoder
    3377 Bayview Avenue TEL: Toronto, ON 416.226.6620 TYNDALE M2M 3S4 www.tyndale.ca UNIVERSITY Note: This Work has been made available by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws of Canada without the written authority from the copyright owner. Carter, Craig A. The Politics of the Cross: The Theology and Social Ethics of John Howard Yoder. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Brazos Press, 2001. The Politics of THE Cross The Theology and Social Ethics of John Howard Yoder Craig A. Carter Brazos Press A Division of Baker Book House Co Grand Rapids, Michigan 49516 © 2001 by Craig A. Carter Published by Brazos Press a division of Baker Book House Company P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287 Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys­ tem, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews. Scripture is taken from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copy­ right © 1973,1978,1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. All rights reserved. Scripture marked as “Phillips” is taken from The New Testament in Modern English. Copy­ right © by J. B. Philips 1996. Used by permission of Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, Inc. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Carter, Craig A.
    [Show full text]