Emperor Imperial Secretariat Supreme Court

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Emperor Imperial Secretariat Supreme Court Administrative Oversight Agency National Security Council Privy Council (8 permanent members, 2 appointed by Emperor, 3 each by president and PM; Emperor is chairman) President of Japan (appointed by the Privy Council, confirmed by the Emperor) External Cabinet (5 members, including the president as the chairman) Office of the President Overseas Development Agency Kaitera Management Agency Foreign Affairs Ministry (relations with other governments both on and off Terra) Federate Affairs Ministry Defense Ministry (Joint Chiefs of Staff, Imperial Defense Force, Space Defense Force, Colonial Defense Force) Extra-Solar Affairs Ministry (colonization and development; exploration). Japan Space Colonization Agency Prime Minister of Japan (appointed by the House of Representatives, confirmed by the Emperor) Internal Cabinet (9 members, including the PM as chairman) Office of the Prime Minister Financial Oversight Agency National Strategic Planning Center National Public Safety Commission Home Affairs Agency (relations with prefectural governments) Fair Trade Commission Audits Agency Cabinet Secretariat Personnel Agency Imperial Household Agency (affairs of the Imperial family) Lion Guard Budgeting Agency General Affairs Agency Management and Coordination Agency Science and Technology Ministry (science and technology R&D, patents; tasked with maintaining continued health and growth for economy, industry and international trade). Resources and Energy Agency Advanced Physics Research Institute Bureau of Standards Information Agency Bureau of Industrial Information Bureau of International Information Seabed Resources Agency Education and Research Ministry (education, science and technology R&D) National Educational Policy Agency Advanced Physics Research Institute Cultural Agency Industrial Productivity Ministry (headed by vice-PM) Small- and Middle-Class Enterprise Agency National Planning and Industrial Adjustment Bureau Telecommunications Agency Posts Bureau Frequency Allocation Bureau Telecommunications Technology Bureau (major corporate involvement) Intellectual Properties Agency (patents, trademarks, copyrights) Cyberspace Development Agency (R&D into net-based technologies, applications and security) Defense Ministry (including police, fire and other disaster control, coast guard, and home island militia) National Disaster Prevention and Control Agency National Police Agency Japan Coast Guard Toxic Substances Control Agency Public Safety Committee Home Island Militia Justice Ministry Public Prosecutor's Office Public Arbitration Agency Immigration Agency Finance Ministry Revenue Agency Finance and Banking Regulatory Agency Bioproductivity Ministry (agriculture, forestry, aquaculture, orbital farms and other biological production) Orbital farms included in various agencies depending on content. Headed by Vice-PM. Agriculture Agency Mariculture Agency Inland Waters Agency Forestry Agency Industrial Pollution Management Agency Genetic Diversity Preservation Agency Citizenry Ministry (health and welfare, social insurance, community planning and development) Community and Social Planning Council Social Insurance Agency National Land Ministry (infrastructure development, transportation, strategic construction projects, etc.; headed by vice-PM Meteorological Agency Transportation Planning Agency Land Transportation Bureau Sea Transportation Bureau Air Transportation Bureau National Assembly House of Representatives (500 members @ 6 years, 50% on a 3-year offset; 300 elected from single-seat constituencies and 200 on the basis of proportional representation from 12 regional blocs) National Library.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Social Security (Health Care/Pension/Social Welfare)
JICA Thematic Guidelines Social Security (Health Care/Pension/Social Welfare) March 2009 Japan International Cooperation Agency 1 Preface JICA complied the thematic guidelines for social security (health care/pension/social welfare) with the purpose of presenting direction of JICA’s cooperation and points for consideration by presenting overviews, trends of assistance, approaches, and methods associated with social security systems (health care/pension/social welfare) (note). With these guidelines, JICA seeks to facilitate sharing of basic information and knowledge about this area among JICA’s stakeholders. These guidelines also serve as a reference when planning and formulating JICA’s projects as well as when conducting evaluations and implementing projects. By publicly disclosing the thematic guidelines through the JICA Knowledge Site, we intend to provide opportunities for the general public to become familiar with JICA’s basic concepts on social security (health care/pension/social welfare). (Note) These guidelines focus on three sub-sectors of social security: namely health care, pension, and social welfare. Separate thematic guidelines have already been formulated on support services for the persons with disabilities, among other sub-sectors of social security. Thematic guidelines for other sub-sectors will be developed in the future. 2 Thematic Guidelines Social Security (Health Care/Pension/Social Welfare) Contents Preface .........................................................................................................................................
[Show full text]
Chapter 6. Relief from Disadvantageous Actions
Chapter 6. Relief from Disadvantageous Actions - Regarding continued cases of the requests for examination pertaining to dispositions of dismissal to change status due to the abolition of the Social Insurance Agency, the NPA completed hearings for all 71 cases and issued judgments. 1. The Processing State of the Cases Pertaining to Dispositions of Dismissal to Change Status Due to the Abolition of the Social Insurance Agency When the Japan Pension Service was established in January, 2010 and the Social Insurance Agency was abolished at the same time, dispositions of dismissal to change status due to the abolition of positions (Article 78 item 4, of the National Public Service Act) were taken against 525 employees of the Social Insurance Agency, and 71 appeals for review were submitted to the NPA. The NPA conducted hearings on these appeals and made determinations of 4 cases in April, 16 cases in June, 26 cases in August, 24 cases in October and 1 case in December (71 cases in total) in 2013. Among them, the dispositions were approved in 46 cases and were rescinded in 25 cases. 2. The Summary of the Determinations Pertaining to Dispositions of Dismissal to Change Status Due to the Abolition of the Social Insurance Agency In the cases of the request for examination pertaining to dispositions of dismissal to change status due to the abolition of the Social Insurance Agency, the main issue was whether sufficient efforts were made to avoid the dismissal to change status. The NPA substantially made determinations to rescind the dispositions as follows in the light of fairness and equity.
[Show full text]
Chapter 1 Reviewing the Administration of Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Chapter 1 Reviewing the administration of Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Reviewing how the Ministry has lost people‟s reliance, it is apparent that the Ministry has focused on planning systems, but has not paid enough attention to analysis of the actual conditions, appropriate management and necessary improvement prior to establishment and revision of systems. Primarily, both planning and operating systems are inseparable and, therefore, both of them must be equally considered. We deeply regret that we did not appropriately address the issues. It has been criticized that the Ministry officials in charge of management and operation of the systems lack professionalism, responsibility and fundamental knowledge of their duties. In this chapter, we take up issues on the former Social Insurance Agency including the pension records and drug-induced hepatitis, one of the recent regrettable health hazard cases caused by contaminated drugs, which have left serious problems of the policy and the data management. Section 1 Issues of Former Social Insurance Agency 1 Pension record problem Under the Japan‟s pension system, the people pay specific sum of premiums in order to receive benefits and the benefits are calculated mainly on the basis of the periods that they have paid premiums. Therefore, it is needed to manage the records such as the payment period of each beneficiary and that of each plan holder in order to provide benefits appropriately. However, complaints were already made 50 years ago by the then Administrative Management Agency about the inappropriate management of the records. (see 4 - (3) in the Section 1). Also, the way of managing pension records had been transferred gradually from the paper-based to an online system.
[Show full text]
National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of July 10, 1948)
この国家行政組織法の翻訳は平成十八年法律第百十八号までの改正（平成１９年１月９日施行）について「法令用語日英標準対訳辞書」（平成１９年３月版）に準拠して作成したものです。なお、この法令の翻訳は公定訳ではありません。法的効力を有するのは日本語の法令自体であり、翻訳はあくまでその理解を助けるための参考資料です。この翻訳の利用に伴って発生した問題について、一切の責任を負いかねますので、法律上の問題に関しては、官報に掲載された日本語の法令を参照してください。 This English translation of the National Government Organization Act has been prepared (up to the revisions of Act No. 118 of 2006 (Effective January 9, 2007)) in compliance with the Standard Bilingual Dictionary (March 2007 edition). This is an unofficial translation. Only the original Japanese texts of laws and regulations have legal effect, and the translations are to be used solely as reference material to aid in the understanding of Japanese laws and regulations. The Government of Japan shall not be responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of the legislative material provided in this Website, or for any consequence resulting from use of the information in this Website. For all purposes of interpreting and applying law to any legal issue or dispute, users should consult the original Japanese texts published in the Official Gazette. National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of July 10, 1948) Article 1 (Purpose) The purpose of this Act is to provide for the standards for the organization of the administrative organs under the control and jurisdiction of the Cabinet other than the Cabinet Office (hereinafter referred to as the "Administrative Organ (s) of the State"), thereby arranging the organization of national government which is necessary for the efficient performance of the administrative matters of the State. Article 2 (Structure of the Organization) (1) The organization of national government shall be, under the control and jurisdiction of the Cabinet and together with the organization of the Cabinet Office, structured systematically by all of the administrative organs that have duties and a well-defined scope of affairs under the jurisdiction that is necessary for accomplishing such duties.
[Show full text]
Social Security in Japan 2011
ISSN 2186 - 0297 Social Security In Japan ２０１１ Preface This booklet aims to provide foreign researchers and specialists with an introductory explanation of aspects of the social security system in Japan: pensions, health care, long-term care, public assistance, family policy, policy for persons with disability and labor insurance. The booklet was first published in March 2000, and this is the fifth version updated for 2011. The booklet is mostly descriptive and kept at a minimum level in outlining the current system and the challenges facing it. Those who wish to learn more are advised to refer to web-sites of related agencies (most notably that of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare and the Institute of Population and Social Security Research). As Japan’s social security system is undergoing a series of reforms, we will update this publication from time to time. Shuzo Nishimura PhD. Director-General National Institute of Population and Social Security Research Contents 1. Overview 2 2. Pensions 8 Public of Pension System etc 3. Health Care 22 Public Health Insurance System etc 4. Welfare for the Elderly 34 Long-term care Insurance System etc 5. Public Assistance 41 6. Family Policy and Policy for People with 46 Disability 7. Labour Insurance 53 For More Information 60 Chapter 1 Overview I. Changes in Japan (Demographic trends such as an aging society with a decreasing birthrate) Japan achieved rapid economic growth after the World War II to become one of the developed countries in the world. In addition to economic growth, Japan also experienced various social changes.
[Show full text]
Health Systems in Transition Vol
Health Systems in Transition Vol. 11 No. 5 2009 Japan Health system review Kozo Tatara • Etsuji Okamoto Editors: Sara Allin • Ryozo Matsuda Health Systems in Transition Written by Kozo Tatara, Open University of Japan Etsuji Okamoto, Department of Management Sciences, National Institute of Public Health Edited by Sara Allin, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Ryozo Matsuda, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan Japan: Health System Review 2009 The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies is a partnership between the World Health Organization Regional Offi ce for Europe, the Governments of Belgium, Finland, Norway, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden, the Veneto Region of Italy, the European Investment Bank, the World Bank, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Keywords: DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE EVALUATION STUDIES FINANCING, HEALTH HEALTH CARE REFORM HEALTH SYSTEM PLANS – organisation and administration JAPAN © World Health Organization 2009, on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies All rights reserved. The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Please address requests about this to: Publications WHO Regional Offi ce for Europe Scherfi gsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the WHO/Europe web site at http://www.euro.who.int/PubRequest The views expressed by authors or editors do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policies of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies or any of its partners.
[Show full text]
Chapter 2 Social Protection in Japan: Current State and Challenges
Chapter 2 Social Protection in Japan: Current State and Challenges Masayoshi Hayashi School of Public and International Policy and Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University March 2010 This chapter should be cited as Hayashi, M. (2010), ‘Social Protection in Japan: Current State and Challenges’, in Asher, M. G., S. Oum and F. Parulian (eds.), Social Protection in East Asia – Current State and Challenges . ERIA Research Project Report 2009-9, Jakarta: ERIA. pp.19-54. CHAPTER 2 Social Protection in Japan: Current State and Challenges MASAYOSHI HAYASHI School of Public and International Policy and Graduate School of Economics Hitotsubashi University This study systematically describes the current arrangements for social protection in Japan, including the key elements of coverage, benefits, and management. Special attention is paid to the roles assumed by local governments in social protection schemes. With the exception of public pensions, local governments are involved in every aspect of social policy, covering residuals that fall from upper layers of social safety nets. This study examines the Japanese system in terms of its effectiveness as a social safety net in the face of changing economic and demographic environments in the country, identifies the issues the current Japanese system faces, and offers possible policy proposals. 19 1. Introduction The upper layers of social safety nets in Japan are built around full-time employees. Work-related insurance was primarily designed for established businesses and their full- time employees. Mainstream programs for public pensions and health insurance are run by employment-based associations. Those excluded from these mainstream programs are taken care of by residual social insurance programs.
[Show full text]
Unifying Pension Schemes in Japan: Toward a Single Scheme for Both Civil Servants and Private Employees
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Wharton Pension Research Council Working Papers Wharton Pension Research Council 10-1-2008 Unifying Pension Schemes in Japan: Toward a Single Scheme for Both Civil Servants and Private Employees Junichi Sakamoto Nomura Research Institute, Ltd, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/prc_papers Part of the Economics Commons Sakamoto, Junichi, "Unifying Pension Schemes in Japan: Toward a Single Scheme for Both Civil Servants and Private Employees" (2008). Wharton Pension Research Council Working Papers. 252. https://repository.upenn.edu/prc_papers/252 The published version of this Working Paper may be found in the 2009 publication: The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/prc_papers/252 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Unifying Pension Schemes in Japan: Toward a Single Scheme for Both Civil Servants and Private Employees Abstract A topic of long-standing discussion in Japan has been how to equitably merge the retirement plans for civil servants and private employees, which in the past have been managed separately. Recent legislation sought to unify social security pension schemes for all employees, by extending the coverage of the Japanese Employees’ Pension Insurance Scheme which covers private employees to include civil servants as well. We describe how Japanese social security pension schemes have evolved, the forces driving the merger of these plans, and what future prospects may be. Disciplines Economics Comments The published version of this Working Paper may be found in the 2009 publication: The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems.
[Show full text]
Social Security
TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 05-1001 ________________________________________________________________________ SOCIAL SECURITY Agreement Between the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and JAPAN Signed at Washington February 19, 2004 with Administrative Arrangement NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE Pursuant to Public Law 89—497, approved July 8, 1966 (80 Stat. 271; 1 U.S.C. 113)— “. .the Treaties and Other International Acts Series issued under the authority of the Secretary of State shall be competent evidence . of the treaties, international agreements other than treaties, and proclamations by the President of such treaties and international agreements other than treaties, as the case may be, therein contained, in all the courts of law and equity and of maritime jurisdiction, and in all the tribunals and public offices of the United States, and of the several States, without any further proof or authentication thereof.” JAPAN Social Security Agreement signed at Washington February 19, 2004; Entered into force October 1, 2005. With administrative arrangement. Agreement between the United States of America and Japan on Social Security The United States of America and Japan, Being desirous of regulating the relationship between them in the field of social security, Have agreed as follows: Article 1 1. For the purpose of this Agreement, (a) "United States" means the United States of America; (b) "territory" means, as regards Japan, the territory of Japan, as regards the United States, the States thereof, the Di~trict of Columbia, the
[Show full text]
Chapter 2 Efforts to Reform the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Chapter 2 Efforts to Reform the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare As described in the Chapter 1, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare thus far lacked an effort on appropriate operations and improvement of the administrative system, which brought failure to take timely steps. In addition, there were many problems in officers’ consciousness. From now on, in order to regain public trust in the administrative system, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare needs to strive to review how to operate and improve the system with senses of mission and responsibility. Including the measures on the issues surrounding the former Social Insurance Agency and the cases of drug-induced hepatitis that are mentioned in the Chapter 1, this chapter will introduce streamlining efforts toward efficient and effective administration, eliminating “waste”, and other attempts for regaining the public trust by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Section 1 Foundation of the Japan Pension Service and Measures to deal with Pension Records Issues The pension system takes on a key role in secure life and living of the citizens. Public pensions account for about 70% of the income of senior households, and about 60% of senior households make their livelihoods all from public pension *1. Though the individual records of the pension are enormous in total, and their data keeping spans long period of time, they are indispensable because each of them is directly connected to the pension. To restore public trust in the pension system, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare must shape up by itself with sincere remorse for the critical problems lying in administrative operations and organizational structures of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the former Social Insurance Agency and also strive to establish a new administrative system for the pension service that will never cause the problems like that.
[Show full text]
Ageing in Japan: the Health and Wealth of Older Persons
AGEING IN JAPAN: THE HEALTH AND WEALTH OF OLDER PERSONS Naohiro Ogawa and Rikiya Matsukura, Nihon University, Japan World population growth has been slowing down, primarily as a result of the reduction in fertility in the majority of countries, both developed and developing. In 1970-1975 there were just 19 countries with below-replacement fertility, but by 2000-2005 there were 65. Over the same time period, the number of countries having very low fertility─that is, a total fertility lower than 1.3 children per woman─passed from zero to 17. Today about 40 per cent of the world’s population lives in countries with below- replacement fertility and 13 per cent lives in the countries with very low fertility. In parallel to the decline of fertility, mortality has fallen considerably in most countries over the past decades. In some developed countries, life expectancy at birth for females has already exceeded or is now approaching 85 years and it is not showing any signs of slowing down. Because of these rapid transformations, population age distributions are changing markedly as the number of older persons increase and there is a relative decrease in the number of younger persons. Thus, the twenty-first century is projected to be the century of population ageing, and even the size of the population is expected to decrease considerably in a number of countries over the coming decades (Lutz, Sanderson, and Scherbov, 2004; United Nations, 2005). The demographic changes leading to population ageing are documented elsewhere in this volume. The changes expected raise interest in the policy responses they elicit or might elicit (McNicoll, 2002).
[Show full text]
Social Security Pensions. Development and Reform Geneva, International Labour Office, 2000
SOCIAL SECURITY PENSIONS Development and reform Edited by Cohn GillionJohn Turner Clive BaileyDenis Latulippe International Labour Office Geneva Copyright © International Labour Organization 2000 First published 2000 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the Publications Bureau (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered in the United Kingdom with the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP OLP (Fax: +44 171 631 5500), in the United States with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 (Fax: +1 978 750 4470), or in other countries with associated Reproduction Rights Organizations, may make photocopies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Gillion, C.; Turner, 3.; Bailey, C.; Latulippe, D. (eds) Social security pensions. Development and reform Geneva, International Labour Office, 2000 /Pension scheme!, /Social security!, !Social security reform!, !Developed country!, JDeveloping country!. 02.04.1 ISBN 92-2-110859-7 ILO Cataloguing-in-Publication data The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.
[Show full text]