OHS members may join as many chapters as they wish. Several chap­ ters publish excellent newsletters with significant scholarly content. Chapter and Newsletter, Editor, Membership Foundin� Date and Annual Address (*Date jomed OHS) Membership Boston Organ Club, Newslettei, E. A. Alan Laufman 1965, 1976 * Boadway, $5 Box 104, Harrisville, NH 03450 British Columbia, to be announced Douglas H. Adams 1983 4023 Cavallin Ct Victoria. BC V8N 5P9 Canada Central New York, The Coupler, $5 Culver Mowers 2371 Slaterville Rd., Box 1976 130, Brooktondale, NY 14817 Chicago-Midwest, The Stopt Diapason, Julie Stephens Susan R. Friesen, $8 520 W. 47th St., Western 198 0 Springs, IL 60558 Eastern Iowa, 1982 to be announced J oseIJh Adam 5301/2 E. Church St Iowa City, IA 52240 The Organ Historical Greater New York The Keraulophon, Alan Laufman (as City, 1969 John Ogasapian, $5 above) Society, Inc. Greater St. Louis, The Cypher, Eliza- John D. Phillippe 1975 beth Schmitt, $5 4336 DuPage Dr. P.O. Box 26811, Richmond, Virginia 23261 Bridgeton, MO 63044 Telephone at Millersville, Pennsylvania (717) 872-5190 Hilbus (Washington- Where the Tracker Peter Ziegler Baltimore), 197 0 Action Is, Carolyn 14300 Medw1ck Ct , Upper Marlboro, MD Fix, $4 20870 The National Council Mid-Hudson (New The Whistlebox, June Marvel York), 1978 Robert Guenther, $3 Crown Hill Rd Officers Wappingers Falls, NY Stephen Long ...... President 12590 18 Merriam Avenue. Shrewsbury, MA 01545 New Orleans, 1983 The Swell Shoe, Ann Rachelen Lien Dana Hull ...... Vice President H. Turner, $5 JOJO Nashville Ave., 1407 East Stadium, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 New Orleans, LA 70JJ5 David M. Barnett ...... , ...... Treasurer Pacific-Northwest The Bellows Signal, David Ruberg 423 N Stafford Ave , Richmond, VA 23220 1976 Beth Barber, $3 Box 2354 James R. McFarland ...... Secretary Seattle, WA 98111 114 N George St., Millersville, PA 17551 Pacific-Southwest The Cremona, Sharon Stephen Baker 1978 Bailey, $4 512 S. Ivy Ave. Councillors (all terms expire 1985) Monrovia, CA 91016 Barbara Owen ...... Councillor for Historical Concerns South Carolina, 1979 Newsletter, $5 Kristin Johnson 28 Jefferson Street, Newburyport, MA 01950 3917 Montgomery St Kristin G. Johnson ...... Councillor for Research & Publications Columbia, SC 29205 3917 Montgomery St , Columbia, SC 29205 South Texas (The The Well-Tempered W. P. Cunningham San Antonio Pipe Communique, $15 235 Sharon Dr. Manuel Rosales ...... Councillor for Finance & Development San Antonio, TX 78216 160 N Glendale Blvd , Los Angeles, CA 90026 Organ Society), 1979, Roy Redman ...... Councillor for Education 198 0* 2742 Avenue H, Fort Worth, TX 76105. Tannenberg (Central The Dieffenbuch, James McFarland Scott Kent ...... Councillor for Organizational Concerns Pa.), 1976 Raymond Brunner, 114 N. George St. 6 Ledgewood Road, Wilmington, MA 01887 $5 Millersville, PA 17551 Raymond Brunner ...... Councillor for Conventions Virginia, 1979 to be announced 2729 Sherwood Lane, Lancaster, PA 17603 OHS Staff William T. Van Pelt ...... Executive Director THE TRACKER® is published four times a year by the Organ Histori­ Rt 8, Box 853, Glen Allen, VA 23060 cal Society, Inc., a non-profit, educational organization. Stephen L. Pine! ...... Archivist Princeton Arms Apt 71N, Cranbury, NJ 08512 Annual membership dues (including THE TRACKER): Regular members, $22.00 (over age 65, full-time students, and additional mem­ THE TRACKER® Staff ber in a household $18.00J; Contributing members $35.00; Sustaining Susan R. Werner Friesen ...... Editor members $50.00; Patrons $1 00.00; Benefactors $250.00. Institutions 2139 Hassell Rd • Hoffman Estates, IL 60195 and businesses may be non-voting subscribers at the same rates. For­ William T. Van Pelt ...... Design & Production eign members and subscribers add $3 for postage outside U.S., or $8 for F. Robert Roche ...... Advertising Manager 60 Park St , Taunton, MA 02780 Air Mail outside North America. Back issues of THE TRACKER are Donald R. Traser ...... Production Volunteer obtainable at $3.25each or $12.50 per volume. Send membership dues, 128 S Laurel Street, Richmond, VA 23220 inquiries , and address changes to: The Organ Historical Society, Inc., P.O. Box 26811, Richmond, Virginia 23261. Make all checks payable to Chairmen of Committees the Organ Historical Society, Inc. Alan M. Laufman ...... Convention Coordination and Box 104, Harrisville, NH 03450 Annual Handbook Advertisers may address inquiries to the Advertising Manager. William D. Gudger ...... 1985 Convention Co-Chair Fine Arts, College of Charleston, SC 29424 Editorial correspondence and articles to be considered for W. Benjamin Hutto ...... 1985 Convention Co-Chair publication may be addressed to the Editor. Responsibility for facts 109 Smith St , Charleston, SC 29403 and opinions expressed in articles rests upon the authors and not upon John K. Ogasapian and Alan Laufman ...... Editorial Review the Organ Historical Society, Inc. All material accepted for publication David and Permelia Sears ...... Extant Organs in THE TRACKER becomes the property of the Organ Historical PO Box 61, Dunstable, MA 01827 Society, Inc., and cannot be returned. Material published in THE Julie Stephens ...... Biggs Fellowship TRACKER may not be reproduced without permission of the Editor. 520 West 47th St , Western Springs, IL 60558 Culver L. Mowers ...... Harriman Fund 2371 Slaterville Rd., Box 130, Brooktondale, NY 14817 Alan M. Laufman, acting chair ...... Development Committee THE ORGAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY is not beholden to any com- PO Box 104. Harrisville, NH 03450 mercial interest.construed There in any is no form intention may be used to discredit in advertising or recommend or for any Dana Hull ...... Historic Organs commercialany existing purpose. organ manufactory The Society or will concern. take all No steps such to information prevent or 1407 E Stadium, Ann Arbor. Ml 48104 prosecuteinferred or any such use of its material, the name THE TRACKER, or the Charles Ferguson ...... International Interests name THE ORGAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY. THE TRACKER® is a registered Box 44, E Vassalboro, ME 04935 trademark. Copyright 1984 The Organ Historical Society, Inc. ISSN Earl Miller ...... Recital Series Christ Church. 25 Central St , Andover, MA 01810 0041-0330. 2 Volume 28, Number 3, 1984 COVER

- J. Paul Schneider of Okemus, Mi., made a photographic copy of this postcard photograph of an 1881 Granville Wood & Son organ THE TRACIOrgan Building ...... •..... 11 David H. Fox Lists 542 Patents by 288 Inventors Post Card Organs ...... 21 106 Cards Collected from Members Aid Research, by Bill Van Pelt Organ Postcard Spurs Research at Central Moravian Church ...... 2 7 The Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Congregation is Examined by Dr. John Speller Post-Centennial American Organ History in Microcosm ...... 29 Homer Taylor Celebrates 50 Years as Organist, Provides Organ History of his Church, by Bill Van Pelt Departments Letters to the Editor ...... 4 Reviews...... 4 Organ Upd.ate...... 6 Minutes and Treasurer's Report ••••••..••..••••.•.•.•.•.•...... •••.••..•.•...... 31 Who are We Saving Them For?

t the very last moment, a crew moves into the church vestment must be made in today. This may have reciprocal working feverishly, perhaps even into the night, care­ effects in that it could encourage organists to continue their Afully removing and marking the partsjust steps ahead of education on an advanced level. the wrecker's ball. Another organ saved! It will be lovingly Thirdly, education of the congregation and community must restored, documented, and put into service at another location occur. One of the best ways to achieve this is with recitals. to serve another hundred years. Or will it? Encourage the churches to open their doors to a public recital for the community. Even with limited funds or sometimes none One after another, we hear of colleges or universities dissolv­ at all it is possible to find someone who would enjoy the oppor­ ing or scaling back their organ departments and even some­ tunity to play. (Much talk has also taken place on the issue of times their music departments in recent months. No students. playing recitals free or with inadequate pay, which is also not No need for the faculty. Chapter newsletters of the American the point here.) Such may be the only means to helping ensure Guild of Organists contain long lists of church job openings. No that an organ is appreciated or that people know it has value. organists available. Poor work situations. Low pay. Unac­ Also, such occasions help reinforce in lay people's eyes that ceptable instruments. there can be a future for the organ in general and that there need to be organists trained to use them well. A subject for the American Guild of Organists and not a problem of the OHS to solve, you say? No, not entirely. As Finally, we must still educate ourselves. It is important to members of the Organ Historical Society we are a smaller group speak with confidence when questioned about particular or­ with an interest in very special instruments. And it is with gans. It is important to take stands that are morally and these unique organs we should be concerned, not only with their aesthetically right about the true value of an organ or any rescue and maintenance, but also their utilization. It is with the proposed replacement. To be effective as advocates, we must be organs' continued use that we can assure their safety. knowledgeable on an instrument's history and musical worth. We must share that knowledge with those who decide the How can this be done? Through education. First of all, organ instrument's fate. With thousands of organs around, it is im­ owners need education. Church members need to realize the possible to be authorities on all of them. Perhaps each OHS importance of hiring an organist who understands and appreci­ member should "adopt" an organ to "keep an eye on." ates the instrument he or she is asked to play. Almost nothing Who are we saving them for? Presently, we are largely saving ensures the quick destruction of an organ than an organist who them for ourselves because we have had to turn aside such a does not like it, but took the job anyway in hopes of replacing it. large tide of destruction. Some destruction is still occurring in spite of the considerable amount of education in the value of Secondly, education of the organist is vital. It is sometimes historic organs that has occurred in the years since the Society difficult for a church to hire a competent organist because the was founded. It is now coming time to work to save our organists church can not afford to pay a good salary. In such situations it so that there will be a future generation of them who will carry becomes important to encourage the church to pay for the on the promotion of the organ as well as its repertoire. With organist's lessons in addition to the stipend they can afford, or work we can assure our descendants an opportunity to experi­ instead of a salary if that's all they can do. (Much discussion has ence the beauty of the organ and the music of those who play the taken place over how much an organist should be paid. It is not instrument, since the preservation of both go hand in hand. the point here.) In order to have organists tomorrow, an in- SRWF 3 Representing Casavant Freres in the Northeast LETTERS Editor: I am writing to ask that there be a clarification about one item HOKANS-KNAPP in my article in The Tracker 28:1, "Organ Research: An Inter­ ASSOCIATES INC. disciplinary Approach." Following the quotation from Ranke - and the word should have been 'es,' not "as" - there is a New E-P and Mechanical Action Organs bracketed phrase which would appear to be my translation of Factory Authorized Rebuilding the phrase. It is not my translation; in fact, the meaning is "as it Tuning and Maintenance actually was." Henry L Hokans Richard W. Knapp John Ogasapian PO Box 698 31 Drumlin Road P.O. Box 104 Ogunquit, ME 03907 W Simsbury, CT 06092 Pepperell, MA 01463 (617) 845-1714 (203) 658-6079 Editor: Volume 28, Number 2 of The Tracker mentions in "Organ Update" an article on the organ which Thomas Dallam made ROSALIND MOHNSEN and installed in 1598-1600 as a gift from Queen Elizabeth I of Immaculate Conception Church England to the Grand Turk, Sultan Murat III. It may be of Malden, Massachusetts 02148 interest to OHS members to know that there is also a full­ RECITALS length book on the subject: Stanley Mayes, An Organ for the Sultan (London: Putnam, 1956), though I fear that this is probably rather hard to come by in the United States. Dallam kept a fascinating travel diary while he was installing the instrument, and this still survives in the British Museum MILFORD MYHRE Library in London (catalog number Add. MS. 17,480). CARILLONNEUR John L. Speller BOK TOWER GARDENS 517 Sixth Avenue Bethlehem, PA 18018 P.O. BOX 3810 LAKE WALES, FL 33853 Editor: Thanks so much to the Organ Historical Society and its staff for all of the help we received with the production and com­ pletion of the cassette tape of Earl Miller's concert given at the !J(ajkow1.ki. 9-amdy O�9an1. celebration of the 100th anniversary of Roosevelt Op. 113 at our Pip, D,9an• church. ' 415 Montana Avenue Barbara Syer, chairman Deer Lodge, Montana 59722 Organ Task Force First Congregational Church Great Barrington, MA 01230 BOOK REVIEW 3540 Marietta Avenue Post Office Box 46 Silver Spring, Pennsylvania 17575 717-285-3534 Short Hymn-Tune Arrangeme11ls forOrgan, including two essays: Basic Organ Technique and Choosing a Church Organ: Philip K. Clemens. Mennonite Publishing House 616 Walnut Avenue, RICHARD C. HAMAR ORGANBUILDING Scottdale, PA 15683. $5.95. Highest quality restorations of all For those organists who consider themselves amateurs, types instruments here is a valuable book of triple benefits. First, there are of Residence hymn-tune arrangements of nine familiar tunes; then there is Dox 334 241 13roadway an essay on basic organ technique; and finally the advice on 10 Front Street Norwich, er06360 choosing a church organ crowns this unusual assemblage. Collinsville, er06022 (203) 889-6086 The hymn-tune arrangements are all patterned in triple design, too. Each is given a set of three—a straight- forward setting, a varied harmony arrangement,d an a JIM ANDREWS, INC. fantasia-type version. two cases, the second setting is ORGAN BUILDERS given in the minor mode, but except for these any of the settings might be used inIn connection with a performance of Box 12421 Shop (804) 780-0018 the hymn, either as introduction or accompaniment. The Richmond, Va. 23241 Home (804) 320-8962 tunes are "Dix," "Kremser," "Lord, I Want to Be a Christian," "Lyons," "Naomi," "Nicaea," "Sandon," "So Nimm Denn Meine 503/238-3987 Haende," and "Were You There." The five-page illustrated essay on basic organ techniques is directed at the musician who finds him or herself educated in PIPE ORG ANS , INC . piano-playing but who is required to play the organ. The Specialists in the construction and restoration of material here presented is clear and complete with abundant · tracker organs references. One gathers that Professor Clemens is turning out 342i S. E. 18th Avenue Portland· 0 97202 a throughly grounded group of organists at Goshen College. 4 In the essay on choosing a church organ, the author makes an in-depth study of the problems to be faced and gives one of the best arguments available on his preference for pipe BRUNZEMA ORGANS INC. organs over substitute instruments. 596 Glengarry Crescent South Post Office Box 219 This book is therefore useful for teaching purposes (both Fergus, Ontario Canada students of organ and congregations!) and is highly recom- N1M 2W8 (519) 843-5450 mended. Albert F. Robinson

CHARLES PAGE RECORD REVIEWS Recitals Old First Church Court Square, Springfield, MA 01103 The French Romantics: Vol. 5 John Rose plays the 1964 Casavant organ at St. Anne's Church, Fall River, Massachusetts. Towerhill T-1020. This is the tenth recording by John Rose for Towerhill rec­ NELSON E. BUECHNER ords, and the fifth in his series devoted to French Romantic Emmanuel Episcopal Church composers, released in 1983. The organ, built by Casavant Holmes burg Freres in 1964 of classic French design, contains some 80 ranks and (apart from its English-sounding Diapasons) is ideally suited to the selections heard here, all from the late French Curator, Grand Court Organ Romantic period. John Wanamaker Store, Philadelphia Side One contains Franck's Fantasie in A major, which is given a carefully executed reading, and Vierne's Arabesque from the 24 Pieces in Free Style is perhaps a bit tranquil. On $'fa©E-N,1'EllflN• &� 'f''li).. \Li�li,. ,...--• • - "i - \uw, Side Two we hear Guilmant'sSonataNo.1 inD minor which is EST. 1077 ��'. rendered in the "grand style" showing off the exciting fiery SAM llfBANCISCO reeds in contrast with the beautiful flute stops. 3101-20thStreet·94110 · (415} 647-5132 John Rose performed for OHS at the Central New Jersey National Convention in 1973 when he was organist at the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Newark, N.J. He now lives in Hartford, Conn., serving as College Organist at Trinity College KIEFER TANNING CO. and as Senior Organist at the Cathedral of St. Joseph. He FuLL LINE OF LEATHER FOR possesses an enviable technique, particularly suited to the demands of the French Romantic composers. F. Robert Roche is ORGAN BUILDING & REPAIRS curator of the Casavant organ at St. Anne's Church. (616) 459-3401 240 Front, Grand Rapids, MI 49504

Organ Music of Camille Saint-Saens: Thomas Murray at the Newberry Memorial organ in Woolsey Hall, Yale University, New Haven, CT. AFKA record SK-284, available from OHS for$8.98 to members, $10.98 to non-members. Ever since the OHS National Convention in Central Con­ LOIS REGFSTEIN necticut in 1975 when we heard Charles Krigbaum's superb recital on the Woolsey Hall organ we have wanted to hear more of it. Fortunately, his performance lives on in the OHS two-record set, St-100, An Evening at Woolsey Hall. At last, Recitalist we have a full-fledged recital by another OHS favorite performer, Thomas Murray. One can hear through the artistry of Mr. Murray why Cami­ 6 Worthington Strut lle Saint-Saens was such a popular recitalist on his several visits to America. Here we are treated to insightful perfor­ Boston, Massachusetts 02120 617-739-1 340 mances of his Fantasie in E-flat, Fantaisie in D-flat, Rhapsody on a Breton Theme, the Allegretto in A major and Allegro . Giocoso in A minor (Nos. 4 and 7 from Seven Improvisations), the Prelude and Fugue in G major, and the Prelude and Fugue in B major. Mr. Murray achieves the acme of romantic interpre- tation in each, and (on a good sound system) your walls will resound to the great 32' pedal stops. The Woolsey Hall organ is attributed to three builders - Hutching-Votey (1902), Steere Company (1915), and Skinner Organ Company (1928). Joseph Dzeda and Nicholas Thompson­ Allen are its curators. Scott Kent is the record's producer, and Christopher Greenleaf the recording engineer. A handsome brochure with a full-view photo of the console and a detailed stop-list of the nine divisions is included in the record jacket along with copious notes on both the composer and the organ by Jonathan Ambrosino. 156 WOODLAND STREET - HARTFORD. CT. 06105 (203) 522-8293 Albert F. Robinson 5 Schneider Workshop and Services, Inc. ISCHNl:IDIUI 011.011.••u WlllK.TAnJ Ml!CH,.NICAt. •r_.,.·■cu.u.1·,-, H ...... "V"UIH. nt-D\il\01,.0, H&-VOiC!NII• .,,u:.OV,11.cf '"'fflUMINJlJ WoU.IIHOU .. � "c. JU.M�.-, l'OST OJll"IC!II PO)t ,., �.. �: . . NIANTIC, ILLJNOIS 8211111 o,,,,;a, 1 1710.-.1,u I a WOIIIICIHO,, (21711114.4•24154 HOMI: 1217) ··•-:nao

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1121 EAST COMMERCIAL BLVD. NEW INSTRUMENTS ca. 1823 organ, Trinity Church, Milton, Ct. FT, LAUDERDALE, FL 33334 REBUILDS· ADDITIONS (305) 491 -6852 TUNING & SERVICE ORGAN UPDATE Members John K. Ogasapian and Mary Julia Royall havefound strong evidence to attribute the unknown one-manual organ at Trinity Church, Milton, Ct., to Thomas Hall ofNew York. The 1-7 instrument of1823 was DON'S BARN ANTIQUES first placed at St. Michael's Church, Litchfield, and moved mid-centuryto China, Glass, Furniture, Prints, Reed Organs Milton. Ifit is a Thomas Hall organ, it is the only early one known to exist Bryant Pond Rd., and Taconic Pkwy. in a relatively intact state, and playable, though work done in the 1850s, Mahopac, NY 10541 1870s, 1978, and particularly 1961 removed and altered significant mate­ 914-528-5041 rial. One bit of evidence is an urn in the case which appears identical to one in the known 1823 Hall case at St. John's Lutheran Church, Char­ leston, SC. The other and more convincing evidence is correspondence from Hall to his employee, Henry Erben, found by Mrs. Royal) in ALBERT F. ROBINSON Charleston, where Erben was in­ stalling the Hall organ at St. John's Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church, Philadelphia in 1823. Dr. Ogasapian wrote of the Milton organ, attributing it to Hall, 12 Kings H'way East, Haddonfield, NJ 08033 in the Greater New York City Chap­ ter newsletter, The Keraulophon, October, 1984, whole no. 114. Mrs. Royall promises a Trackerarticle on the other gems of correspondence she has located from builders Hall, Erben and Thomas Appleton. Dr. Ogasapian presented a recital and an OHS Historic Organs citation to the Milton church in August, 1984. Culver L. Mowers The Congregational Church, Temple, NH, has acquired a 1902 organ by John H. Sole of Fremont, Oh., originally installed in Grace Lutheran Church, Bloomdale, Oh., 1860E. &G.G.Hookop.283, Woburn Pipe Organ Research & Repair removed and offeredfor sale through Mechanical Action Specialist the Organ Clearing House when the that it has raised about one-half of church closed several years ago. It the funds needed to restore its 1860 was installed in Temple by E. T. E. & G. G. Hook 3-33 op. 283, a Mickey ill of Hartland, Me. Dana splendid organ in a spectacular 237 J Slaterville Road -:- Post Office Box 130 Hull of Ann Arbor, Mi., releathered case of Moorish influence. The Brooktondale, New York 14817.;. 607-539-7930 the reservoir. Society sponsored a Historic Organ The First Congregational recital on the instrument recently Church at Woburn, Ma., reports and heard it at the 1978 National 6 Convention. Gifts may be sent to the time EMS installed his mag­ the church at zip 01801. num opus at the National Cath­ HELLMU rH WOl fr Steve Long reports that the 1872 edral, several years after he had Hutchings-Plaisted 24-register op. left Aeolian-Skinner. This period of TRACKl:R ORCANS 33 at Emanuel Lutheran Church, EMS' life is well-covered in The - Fitchburg, Ma. (which may have �0 0 Life and Work of Ernest M. Skinner • 3ffi. I J2b() Ill(' Tl ll1PI boume the firm's earlier name, J. H. by Dorothy Holden, now set-in­ I Wilcox & Co.), has been rebuilt on type and soon to be published by L,w,11.Queh('l H7C 2H2 direct electric windchests, dis­ OHS. lei: 514 661 con carding the original slider wind­ Member Keith Norrington reports chests, by Allen Hastings of Athol, that the 1900 A. B. Felgemaker 2-13 Ma. The organ was moved from the at First Baptist Church, Madison, Unitarian church in Fitchburg in In., was heard on September 30 as JAMES KIBBIE the late 1920s, and moved again in played by John Ball in a recital in­ the 1970s by parishioners of the Lu­ cluding works by Bach, Handel, The University of Michigan theran congregation when a new Benton Price, Schubert, Lani Smith, building was erected. The organ had and H. S. Livingston, Jr. The in­ previously received electric key ac­ strument, unaltered and in its origi­ Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 tion. In its new location, the organ nal location, is highly regarded by has no case. the congregation that has recently St. James' Episcopal Church in rejected various proposals to replace Hyde Park, NY, where Franklin it in connection with renovations to Delano Roosevelt worshipped, was the historic building. They have destroyed by fire June 10, 1984, opted, instead, for restoration, ac­ completely consuming the 1960 cording to Mr. Norrington. The con­ Austin 2-23 op. 2325 which re­ gregation was established in 1807 placed Hilborne Roosevelt's op. 234 and meets in an 1853 edifice de­ of 1885. The chapel's Roosevelt op. signed by Francis Costigan. 235 was unharmed, though it has Aeolian-Skinner op. 962 of 1937, a not played in some years. 3m utilizing some pipes of the pre­ 1932 PENFIELD ROAD The 1868 William King 1-6 op. vious ca. 1918 Austin 3-20 op. 781, at PENFIELD, N.Y. 14526 13, which was featured in The First Unitarian Church, Omaha, (716) 586-0383 Tracker vol. 26, no. 3, has been Ne., is receiving repairs and en­ restored to its original condition by largement from M. W. "Randy" Vincent and Cheryl Gilbert of George of Council Bluffs, Ia. The Grand Detour, II. The organ serves ten-stop Swell and a portion of the St. Joseph Church in Rickardsville, Pedal were destroyed by fire this Ia.; it was purchased as a used in­ summer. strument by that church in 1904. The 1856 William A. Johnson 1-7 Member Delores Bruch played the op. 54 at the Trinitarian Con­ reopening recital. The Dubuque gregational Church in Montague Chapter, AGO, featured the organ Center, Ma., has been restored by in a members' recital and future Messrs. Czelusniak et Dugal of concerts are planned. The organ is Southampton, Ma. The instrument STEINER-RECK believed to be the oldest extant or­ is believed to be the oldest, unaltered I n c o r p o r a t e d 415 East Woodbine Street gan by William King of Elmira, Johnson organ. The rededication Lou isvi I le, Kentucky 40208 NY, and the oldest operating concert was played November 11 by ORGAN BUILDERS church organ in Iowa. Grant Moss and Cindy Moss, Phone (502) 634-3636 Having been essentially unused flautist. (502) 634-3637 for the past 20 years, Aeolian­ Philip A. Beaudry & Co. of Lowell, Skinner op. 883, sold to the Na­ Ma., have completed renovations tional Cathedral in Washington, and tonal rebuilding of the organ at D.C., as a temporary instrument by Holy Rosary Roman Catholic Ernest M. Skinner in 1932 and re­ Church, Lawrence, Ma. The organ's located by him ca. 1938 to Winslow exact original provenance is un­ ROBERT GLASGOW Hall of Lasell Jr. College in New­ known. The Lawrence Tribune re­ ton, Ma., became the object of a ported on an unknown date in 1934 The University of Michigan short-notice effort to make it play­ that the organ was dedicated in 1910 Ann Arbor able for the inauguration of the by Pietro Yon. William Laws re­ school's new president on Sept. 22, moved it in 1933 and returned an 1983. The two-man crew headed by organ of 3m in 1934, built on old Richard G. Pelland of Medford, slider windchests with electro­ Ma., worked 22 days to fix 161 dead pneumatic pull-downs and stop ac­ notes, nine silent stops, all coup­ tion, having an Austin-style console, lers, releather the static reservoir, and containing pipes bearing the BK/v1 A$GCL4TES repair damaged and vandalized opus numbers of two E. & G. G. Hook 6 LEDGEWOOD ROAD Great pipework, replace the dead & Hastings organs built for other WILMINGTON, MASS. 01887 locations: in the Swell and Great, DC generator with a rectifier, con­ location recording - record production nect the 32' Swell Faggotto which pipes of op. 599 of 1871 listed for seems never to have been wired, Asylum Hill Congregational 617-658-6565 SCOTT KENT and repair numerous other mal­ Church in Hartford, Ct.; in the functioning parts of the instrument Choir, pipes of op. 523 of 1870 listed (originally of 2m, with the third for Heiskell Methodist Church in manual division added ca. 1938 by Philadelphia. Mr. Beaudry reports DOUGLAS REED EMS). The firm rendered and was that the Swell windchest had paid a bill of $3,200 for their work. received three new stops prior to Then, the new president issued a 1934 by the addition of channel University of Evansville letter berating the renovators for blocks and sliders on the front and overcharging! back, and that most ranks had been Evansville, Indiana The third manual division of op. enlarged in scale by one pipe. His 883 was provided by Ernest M. firm revoiced and re-regulated the Skinner when he moved it to the pipework with some interdivisional Lasell school, the parts having exchange of ranks, replaced a miss­ come from an instrument Skinner ing mixture rank, added a 16' Trom­ CHARLES M. RUGGLES built for the Mount Ida School and bone to the Pedal, and refurbished MECHANICAL ACTION ORGANS later repossessed, according to Mr. the existing mechanism. RESTORATIONS Pelland. The original sale of op. 883 The San Antonio Pipe Organ So­ as a new 2m organ was accom­ ciety, many members of which com­ 24493 BAGLEY ROAD plished by EMS while he was still prise the South Texas Chapter of associated with Aeolian-Skinner; OHS, has published a new edition of CLEVELAND, OHIO 441 3B the move to Newton occurred about Concerning Pipe Organs and Eke- 7 tronicImitations. The booklet, writ­ ten by W. Patrick Cunningham, examines the controversy over the NOACK_ use of electronic imitation organs from a scientific and economic per­ THE NOACK O�GAN CO, INC spective. As an objective defense of MAIN AND SCHOOL STREETS the pipe organ, it has been used by GEO�GETOWN, MASS 01933 many church organ committees TELEPHONE (617) 352-6266 since its original 1979 publication. The first publication was based on a study conducted by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Antonio in 1976 on its long- and short-term JOHN COURTER experience with the use of keyboard M. M., F.A.G.O. instruments in worship. The new edition features a completely re­ Berea College Berea, Kentucky 40404 written section of footnotes and cer­ tain other material that updates the exposition. It is available for $2.50 postpaid (quantity discounts are 1889 offered) from SAPOS, 236 Sharon Cole & Woodberry,Regis College Dr., San Antonio, Tx. 78216. Edward Swainson of Newton, Ma., PAPE VERLAG BERLIN purchased the organ and carefully stored it. In 1983, a flood at Regis Books and Records College in Weston, Ma., swept away the chapel electronic, leading 8231 Ravere Street Sister Margaret William Rockford, IL 61111 McCarthy to contact the Organ Clearing House. The organ was re­ located and erected as a 2-10 at Regis College in a project coordi­ nated by Alan Laufman. It was dedicated October 6. Richard Howell, organbuilder of Baltimore, has re-installed the 1885 Hilborne Roosevelt 1-9 op. 239 in the chapel at Lovely Lane United Methodist Church, Bal­ timore, following a pristine resto­ Organ Builders 1874 Johnson & Son op. 427, ration of the instrument. The Burlington church, formerly called First Tracker Organs • Organ Parts • Organ Pipes The Bozeman firm has removed Methodist, has long since rebuilt the handsome 1874 Johnson & Son its 1887 Frank Roosevelt 2-24 op. 1-7 op. 427 from the large and 366. splendidly-appointed Masonic Hall 1780-200 Years-1980 0-7157 Murrhardt-Hausen 10 in Burlington, Vt., in preparation Tradition and Progress Phone: 07192/8006 for the building's demolition. It also contains in the gallery of a large auditorium a free-standing Estey 2m, op. 1446 of 1916. The Johnson has been acquired by Ad­ vent Christian Church of North­ SUSAN R. WERNER FRIESEN wood Narrows, NH, through the Clearing House, where it will be Irving Park Lutheran Church in.stalled by Thanksgiving. George Bozeman, Jr., & Co. of Chicago, Illinois Deerfield, NH, has arranged through the Clearing House the acquisition and installation of a 1-7 George Jardine instrument for the Deerfield Community Church. In­ side the C# pedal chest and on the David Gooding inside of the manual bungboard is 1865 Wm. B. D. Simmons, Chicopee written: "Dudley Jardine, Oct. Resident Music Director/Consultant 1871. N.Y." Also on the bung, be­ An 1865 Wm. B. D. Simmons 2m neath and apparently in the same organ, originally in a church in The Cleveland Play House hand, the legend continues, "& Watertown, NY, and for many Cleveland, Ohio 44106 May, 1876." Other have written years in the Holy Mother of the "overhauled by Fred Main, July Rosary Polish National Catholic 20/98," and "overhauled May, 1932 Church, Chicopee, Ma., has been James H. Rae." The organ was lo­ rebuilt by the Andover Organ Co. cated in a New York city apart­ for The Church of the Epiphany of ERIC HERZ/Harpsichords ment, where it is said to have been Our Lord, Oklahoma City, Ok. The moved from an unknown New York instrument, removed from the Chi­ church, according to the late copee church by the Organ Clear­ owner's nephew, Laurence Goedde ing House in preparation for the 181h Century English. of Charlottesville, Va., who sought installation of a new Austin in the French. ond Germon a new church home for the instru­ gallery there, underwent en­ Traditions ment. The Deerfield church is rais­ largement and alterations several ing funds for as much restoration times in its life: once by Charles ,\Iusicol Excellence & as can be performed on the playable Viner & Son of Buffalo, and later by Helio/Ji/it�J Heflect instrument, which is expected to be a builder named Morrisette. 30 Yeurs Designing fr installed by Christmas. Raffle Richard Bond, organbuilder of Buildin9 l-lwpsichords tickets are available. Portland, Or., is completing in­ Cole & Woodberry of Boston stallation of an 1890 W. K. Adams built op. 78 ca. 1889 as a 2-10 for 2-13 tracker for St. Luke's Episco­ the First Universalist Church, pal Church, Vancouver, Wa. The For catalogue. Please Write To: Everett, Ma., which closed in 1970 instrument, built originally for No­ 12 HOWARD ST. CA.\-IBRIDGE, MA 02139 Church in 617-868-6772 after Charles Fisk had. tonally tre Dame R. C. Central altered the instrument in 1965. Falls, RI, was moved to that par- 8 ish's new building in 1933.Unused 1120 that it acquired second-hand for the last decade, it was relocated· in 1938, and altered in 1939 and through the Organ Clearing House again in 1980.During the course of to the Vancouver church, where it its removal preparatory to a will replace an electronic. planned electrification of the ac­ James J. Hammann Mr. Pelland has provided the tion, Alan Laufman was secured as 1927 Estey 2-9 op. 208, originally a consultant, resulting in the re­ Ann Arbor, Michigan tubular pneumatic, at St. Raphael tention of the tracker action and R. C. in Medford, with new direct­ the selection of Jeremy Cooper of electric chest action and solid state Concord, NH, to do the work. Lois stop and key action to its attached Regest.ein and the Portsmouth console. The work is planned for Chamber Players presented a con­ Custom made Organs. Selected rebuilding. Custom designed additions completion by Christmas. The firm cert on October 7, including works has also performed much work on by Handel, Brahms, Vivaldi, El­ the 1935 Kimball 2-21 op. 7035 at gar, and Renaissance Dances by St. Polycarp R. C. in Somerville, the Bernhard Schmids, older and Organbuilder Workshop Ma., including repair of its seven younger. reservoirs, cleaning, repair of its Yet another Moller tracker, op. 1078 Lunalilo Home Road original 2m gallery console and the 388 of 1902, a 2-13 built for St. Honolulu, Hawaii 96825 Phone: 395-4273 addition of a 3m chancel console Paul's English Evangelical Lu­ and chancel division, made from theran Church, Davenport, Ia., has the choir pipework and chest of Er­ been relocated by the Organ Clear­ nest M. Skinner op. 136, built in ing House. The organ was rebuilt to ROCHE 1906 for the First United Method­ 2-23½ for The Church of St. John Organ Co., Inc. ist Church of Somerville. Neither the Evangelist, San Francisco, by � the Kimball nor the Skinner have John De Camp in the workshop of l99 W.it w.t�t SttMt received tonal rebuilding. The 3m Rosales Organ Builders of Los Taunton, Massachuselts 02180 chancel console is rebuilt from a Angeles. It was dedicated in May, MECHANICAL ACTION ORGANS � replacement console provided by 1984, and replaces a 1909 Austin. Austin in 1939 for their op. 50 of T. Lance Nicolls of Northwood, 1901, a 3-34 built for North Avenue NH, has rebuilt A. B. Felgemaker Presbyterian Church, Atlanta, op. 526 of 1891 for The Community Ga., and replaced by a Wicks 3-26 Baptist Church, Plainfield, NH. in 1961. The Wicks was moved to The organ was relocated by the Or­ RONALD WYATT First Presbyterian, Albany, Ga., gan Clearing House from a private when the Atlanta church acquired owner who had stored it after it was Trinity Church a Ruffati in 1976. removed in 1969 from the Method­ The Swell organ from Skinner ist Church in Conneautville, Pa., Galveston op. 136 will be included in an organ for which it was originally built. for First United Methodist Church The organ had sufferedmuch dam­ of Malden, Ma., being constructed age and loss of parts. by Nickerson Pipe Organ Service Charles and Ann Wilhite of Fre­ Co.of Melrose, Ma. The early elec­ mont, Ne., gave an OHS Historic tropneumatic action in both the Organ Recital on the 1918 Hinners GECRGEBOZEMAN,JR Choir and Swell of op. 106 will be 2-9 tracker at First Presbyterian ANDCOMPANY modified for reliability and ease of Church, Leon, Ia., in February, ORGANBUILDERS maintenance, and will remain elec­ 1984. The program for the event 41 Raymond Road (Route 107) tropneumatic, according to Mr. states, ''This instrument ...has ser­ Deerfield, NH 03037 Pelland. The two-rank Great from ved the congregation and the com­ Tel. 603-463-7407 op. 136 was dispersed. munity virtually uninterrupted and The 1927 Frazee 2-17 at First unaltered since its installation." The Federated Parish Church (form­ works played included Festival erly First Congregational Church) March and Two Characteristic of Everett, Ma., has been rebuilt by Pieces for Piano, Four Hands: Air & Mr. Pelland's firm, retaining the Intermezzo by Arthur Foote. Other wind system and chest action with pieces were by Selby, Raynor Taylor, Giesecke no tonal changes, relocating slight­ Sweelinck, Camidge, Soler, J. S. ly the pedal windchests, and re­ Bach, and Emma Lou Diemer. Prestigious Organ Pipework placing the stop, key, and com­ Ross Dodington reports that his bination switching with solid-state firm of Aylmer, Ontario, performed Since 1B3B electronics. major work on the following instru­ The 1913 M. P. Moller, op. 1701 ments within the twelve months built for the Christian Reformed ended July, 1984: St. Peter's Cath­ Church in Grand Rapids, Mi., has edral, London, 1926 Casavant elec­ been restored with some tonal tropneumatic rebuild of an 1886 changes and moved to Our Lady of Warren; Central United Church, Organ Leathers the Rosary Cathedral in San Ber­ Sarnia, 1930 Casavant rebuild of an nardino, Ca., by Steuart Goodwin, 1885 Warren; St. Andrew's United High Quality Skins organbuilder of Highland, Ca. The Church, Chatham, 1926 Casavant tracker organ was relocated rebuild of a ca. 1880 Karn; St.Peter's For Every Need through the Organ Clearing Anglican, Dorchester, 1920 Edward House. Lye unaltered tracker. Mr. Doding­ Another Moller, op.1121 of 1910 ton reports work in progress at Gu­ built for Zion Lutheran Church, thrie Presbyterian Church, Alvin­ Williamsport, Md., has been re­ ston, on an organ apparently " ... located by the Clearing House and originally built for a Methodist rebuilt to 2-17 by Angerstein and church in Sarniaby the Hay Co.... " Associates of Stoughton, Ma., The Clearing House has placed a Colkit Mfg. under the direction of consultant ca. 1890 1-9 Koehnken & Grimm Charles L. Nazarian for the Arm­ tracker at the Episcopal Church of Campany enian Memorial Church of Water­ the Transfiguration in Derry, NH, town, Ma.The organ has a new case where Earl L. Miller played the 252 Fillmore Avenue and facade pipes, original tracker dedication recital on Oct. 21. The action, and was dedicated in May, instrument was built for St. Jo­ Tonawanda, New York 14150 1984, in a concert played by Lenora seph's Church, Cold Spring, Ky., McCroskey. and was stored for many years in 71 6-682-7781 The First Congregational the Port William, Oh., shop of Church, Eliot, Me., has mechan­ former OHS-president Thomas W. Descriptive ically restored and tonally rebuilt Cunningham. The installation by Write for Literature the 1882 Hook & Hastings 2-9 op. E.T.Mickey replaces an electronic. 9 :M. P. MOLLER. PIPE ORGAN. No. 343,049. Patented June 1, 1886.

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atthias Peter M/JUer of Hagerstown., Md., patenJed i11 1886 a portable organ with a keyde.�k tJw.t woulcleasily detachfrom the main case of theorgan for transport," . .. the Mobject being- to conslruct the same of two sections, 011ecarrying a bank or banks of keys and the other section the organ-action, whereby the organ may occupy but a minimum amount of space for transporl(ltiori,and may 5e rea.dily carried through a door... "states the patent descriptio11. fo the patent drawing, ", .. A represents tha orgw1, which is constructed of two S1!ctionsB an.d C the section B having within it ehe organ-action cm.d•lhe sectior1 C carrying,the keyboard or boards and the peda.ls... Upon. the i.nderside of the organ is prou'ided cu1 air-pao·sage or chaimel M at the rear end of which i,11 a hinged seetio11N extending beyond the rear e11d of the orgo.11,whi.ch ... i:sprouided on its upper side with a seat or recess k, in which rests the foot 1 of one of the pedal-pipes m. _p

0

�4. 10 Charles S. Haskell invented a register system to draw stops a11d couplers via controls that resemble a heyboard, cmd included. it itt several patent descriptions, including #708,765 of 1902 and #860,745 0{1907 for an entire console. This example, in which the white keysactivate and blacltlteys withdraw registers, is in the 1893 C. S. Haskell organ at Zion Lutheran Church, Kent, Washington, where it was relocatedfrom Wallingford, Pa., in 1977. An earlier, similar system of stop controls was patented by Thomas Winans of Baltimore in 1874. A Survey of American Patents in Organ Building by David H. Fox

'' ANKEE INGENUITY" is a term that has long char­ patents appeared somewhat sporadically until after the Civil Yacterized American technological creativity. The War. The preparations for the Centennial Exposition of 1876 monument of this creativity is the collection of four are said to have provided impetus for the arts and technology, million patents issued by the United States Government. An and it is noted that two exhibitors, Hook and Hastings and examination of patents reveals the extent and direction of Hilborne Roosevelt, were given patents in this period. The research and development. depression of 1873 may account forthe decline ending in 1881. The location of patents in organ building was made possible There then follows four periods of "boom and bust." Some by the CASSIS (Classification and Search Support Information reflect periods of economic difficultieswhile others do not. The System) computer system terminal at the New York Public most dramatic feature of the graph is the great rise in patents Library Patent Division. This system lists the patent numbers until 1930 when the Great Depression and World War II re­ of a requested classification. The abstracted texts of the patents duced organ development to almost nothing. Gazette.were found in the more than one thousand volumes of the The subject of the patents likewise shows such periods. For In the same way that a few items such as steam the purpose of this study, the patents were divided into seven radiator air valves found their way into the organ pneumatic groups: mechanical actions, pneumatic actions, electro­ classification, omission caused by misclassification exists. Ex­ pneumatic actions, electric actions, combination stop actions, cluded from the 542 patents surveyed were those given to organ pipes, and other devices. Table I shows each group's persons of foreign residence and those relating to reed and percent of the total number of patents issued in that decade. electronic organs. Added to the list published here and marked with an asterisk are some patents omitted by CASSIS and Mechanical actions were never an area of much interest. found in other sources. From 1838 to 1916, they accounted for no more than about A basic aspect of a group of events is their chronology. In 30 Figure 1 dealing with patents, it must be remembered that the award of a patent is the conclusion of some years of work. The patent application process itself was found to be of from several months 20 to several years in duration. During the application period, some patents were altered because of disputed claims. Figure 1 is a graph showing the number of patents awarded 10 each year. The first* was that given to John Meads of Albany, New York in 1838 for a mechanical action (#1,021). Thereafter, *Early patent indexes show the first patent for "organ" given to A. M. Peasley of Boston. The patent was originally unnumbered, but has since 0 been assigned number 3019x. However, the patent office has lost the 1830 1850 1900 1950 1980 patent description. 11 Combination stop actions have been a subject of steady inter­ est over the years. Most recently, the use of electronics has spurred a number of patents. Organ pipe patents generally concern parts of the pipe such as tuning slots and feet rather than the basic anatomy of the pipe. Those that do deal with the whole pipe are often of a curious nature. Those items classed as "other devices" include swell shutters, stopknobs, keyboard covers, and entire organs of indeterminate 6 action. J The 542 patents are the work of288 men. Of these, 68 percent had but one patent, 14 percent had two, seven percent had three, two percent had four, and eight percent had five or more. Several inventors fitted pipe organs into grand piano cases, as in this A list of the "top twelve" inventors follows: example patented in 1931 by Harry F. Waters of Windham Co., Vt. Thomas Sands of Chelsea, Ma., patented a mechanical-action design 33 patents Austin, John T. in 1856. 14 Haskell, William E. 14 Hope-Jones, Robert seven percent of the patents. It was not until 1963 that another patent in this area appeared. Recognizing the incon- veniences involved in find­ Pneumatic actions, herein defined as any non-electric pneu­ ing an organ to use for daily matic, were quite another matter. They account for nearly practice, Leonard Daniel one-half of all patents issued prior to 1920. Specifically, most of Morris of Chicago patented these were tubular pneumatic devices. William H. Barnes in 1907 a "Pedal Bass­ states in The Contemporary American Organ that this action Organ," which could be at­ was not widely used in this country as some builders jumped tached to any piano to pro­ directly from mechanical to electropneumatic systems. The vide a pedal division with at number of patents in this area, however, gives credence to least one rank of pipes George Audsley's statement in The Art of Organ-Building that contained with- it was "held in high estimation by numerous English and in the plat­ American builders." After 1890, interest in pneumatic action form. To waned and electropneumatic systems became increasingly pro­ popular. vide wind, he Electric actions are not easily differentiated from certain invented a aspects of electropneumatic systems, and are herein defined as mechanism that any non-pneumatic electric action device. They first appeared would pump a in the 1890's and became increasingly prominent throughout bellows from the the 20th century. They remain the most popular organ action force of feet upon for inventors. the pedal keyboard.

TABLE I General Nature of Patents by Decade

Type of invention 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970

Mechanical action 13% 6% 8% 8% 5% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 7% 5%

Pneumatic action 13 39 35 48 63 21 1 9 0 0 0 0

Electropneumatic 0 3 12 10 7 13 28 33 0 25 7 5 action

Electric action 13 0 0 4 5 16 16 44 75 31 22 27

Combination stop 13 3 12 15 7 9 16 25 0 6 44 37 action

Organ pipe 15 16 4 5 9 19 18 0 13 0 7 0

Other 15 32 31 11 4 21 22 25 13 38 11 15

Number of Patents 8 31 26 84 57 91 83 55 8 16 27 22 12 14 Votey, Edwin placed each rank of harmonic pipes in its own swell box so that 13 Hammond, John H. the overtones could be varied at will. 10 Austin, Basil Charles Maier wanted the tops of his pipes to line up all nice 8 Bowman, Samuel and even, so he built a chest with a peak in the middle for the 8 Haskell, Charles short pipes. How does one get an organ into a room with an eight 8 Hedgeland, Frederick foot ceiling? The answer, of course, is to build the organ in the 7 Roosevelt, Hilborne shape of a grand piano. 7 Skinner, Ernest 7 Verlinden, Edmond Two patents show the total marriage of the pipe organ and electronics. They have an organ enclosed in a chamber with a It is, of course, the quality and not the quantity of patents microphone which transmits the sound to loud speakers. My that make a builder great. However, the great were seldom favorite curiousity appeals to my sense of thrift. It is number satisfied with just one patent. 213,612 given to Giles Beach on March 25, 1879, for organ pipes Any examination of the patent records inevitably reveals made of cardboard tubes. On the whole, American organ certain curious inventions and ideas whose usefulness have yet patents do show merit, though it seems unfortunate that so to be shown. There are two yearnings that appear repeatedly. much energy was spent on the now extinct tubular pneumatic system. All manner of devices have been put forward to make a pipe What might we expect of the future? Present trends indicate sound more than one pitch. Some have provided pipes with the increasing use of electronics in direct electric and electro­ valves like a clarinet, others have mechanical tuning slides pneumatic systems. As electronics are probably the fastest that move upon command, and some have built two different changing technology in our society, better, smaller, and more pipes into one body. The obvious expense and complexity of complicated devices are in our future. The replacement of these devices seem to exceed that of simply making do with one perishable wood and leather in the organ with durable syn­ pipe per note. thetics is another area that might prove active. Already, light The second great desire is that of having the organ play like a carbon filaments have been used as trackers and a new gener­ piano, wherein the harder one presses the key, the louder the ation of moulded ceramics is awaiting. Synthetic leather has sound. These devices take the form of having the swell action had a disappointing history, but its perfection would likely controlled by the keyboard support and every kind of action has promote the preservation of many organs. been used in this regard. On the whole, they seem quite suitable Copies of complete patent descriptions are available by mail for the "wa-wa" jazz sounds of the 1920's. for one dollar each from Commissioner of Patents and Trade­ Swells were found to be an area of much interest. A swell marks, Box 9, Washington, D.C. 20231. Only the patent number appears with a round shutter which resembles a folding fan. is required to order. Many libraries contain The Gazette, a patent Another has no shutters, but thin chambers that retard sound office periodical which prints abstracted descriptions of new when evacuated. Several systems had movable slats that would patents. The Gazette's abstractions are so highly abridged that obstruct the mouths of an entire rank of pipes. Mr. Hammond they are of little value in study.

Henry Jaschke of St. Louis patented a mechanical system of duplexing and unifying an organ in 1893, "the object of my improvements being to reduce the nu mber of pipes ... without in any wise impairing the capacity of the organ ... " The system provided for one manual of a two-manual instrument to play on e ran k at unison pitch, and the other manual to play the same rank at octave pitch. Similar techniques are in use today. Jaschke accomplished it with two pallets for each pipe, though he does not describe a check-valve. 13

Cunningham, Thomas W. Elbert, William N. Cincinnati, Ohio Philadelphia, Pa. R.7. I. 3,498,168 Mar. 3, 1970 electronic & Roosevelt, Frank combination 449,590 Mar. 31, 1891 M action Dargis, Christopher Charles Felgemaker, Augustus Atlantic City, N.J. Buffalo, N.Y. 1,901,552 Mar. 14, 1933 EP combination & Derrick, Silas Darley, John W. Jr 77,703 May 5, 1868 portable organ a, Baltimore, Md. by himself: Erie, Pa. 881,464 Mar. 10, 1908 E crescendo action 172,307 Jan. 18, 1876 M coupler Davis, Henry L. 626,414 June 6, 1899 P action New York, N.Y. 626,415 C ·-·-- -;JJ 801,571 Oct. 10, 1905 P wlndchest Ferris, Richard M. Davis, John Carlyle New York, N.Y. Wyoming, Ohio 8,587* Dec. 16, 1851 combining organ & piano 1,793,592 Feb. 24, 1931 EM crescendo Flaherty, Frederick J. Denlgan, Thomas R. Newport Beach, Cal. Waltham, Mass. P action & Thomas, James L. 1,104,648 July 21, 1914 in Willimantic, Conn.: 3,699,839 Oct. 24, 1972 electronic combination 1,707,262 Apr. 2, 1929 EP action in Woodstock Valley, Conn.: Depue, Harold T. 1,725,576 Aug. 20, 1929 M combination :.0 Kensington, Md. 1,725,706 1,349,820 Aug. 17, 1920 E combination 1,725,707 1,376,682 May 3, 1921 E coupler 1,747,894 Feb. 18, 1930 P pipe valve Derrick, SIias & Felgemaker, Augustus Flegel, August W. Buffalo, N.Y. Cranford, N.J. 77,703 May 5, 1868 portable organ 850,635 Apr. 16, 1907 P action Deutsch, Ralph Fleming, William B. Sherman Oaks, Cal. Detroit, Mich. 3,659,488 May 2, 1972 electronic & Votey, Edwin S. & Wood, WIiiiam D. combination 536,977 Apr. 2, 1895 P action In 1877, Carl Fogelberg of Boston patented a & Deutsch, Leslie J.: 536, 978 " EP stop action pipe with an internal mouth and no side open­ 4,244,263 Jan. 13, 1981 by himself: ings, enabling production of "very soft and Deverall, Charles N. 594,391 Nov. 30, 1897 MP action beautiful tones." Buffalo, N.Y. 643,840 Feb. 20, 1900 EP action 1,621,973 Mar. 22, 1927 EP combination 666,658 Jan. 29, 1901 1,769,369 July 1, 1930 sostenuto device, 982,419 Jan. 24, 1911 E action Frost, Ellis F. Washington, D.C. Dohring, Gustav F. Fletcher, Henry C. Cranford, N.J. 1,228,899 June 5, 1917 E action Chicago, Ill. 1,243,280 Oct. 16, 1917 885,737 Apr. 28, 1908 MP action 713,084 Nov. 11, 1902 double pipe Dorr, Wllllam Funkhouser, Jacob O. Fletcher, Warren L. Hagerstown, Md. Palo Verdes Estates, Cal. Reading, Mass. 1,779,665 Oct. 28, 1930 unification system 850,828 Apr. 16, 1907 M combination 1,363,580 Dec. 28, 1920 reed pipe 873,364 Dec. 10, 1907 Dufner, Bernhard Floro, Albert & Sabol, Albert G. 948,010 Feb. 1, 1910 E coupler 168,561 Oct. 11, 1875 combination action Lawrence, Kan. with wlndchests Gemunder, Albert & Gemunder, George 2,083,644 June 15, 1937 E action Springfield, Mass. Durst, Carl F. & Durst, Frederick R. (deceased) Fogelberg, Carl 9,022 June 15, 1852 windchest Erle, Pa. Boston, Mass. 3,058,383 Oct. 16, 1962 E action George, Daniel 101,605* Apr. 5, 1870 melody attachment Nazareth, Pa. Egan, John 121,768 Dec. 12, 1871 pipe support 13,642 Oct. 9, 1855 wind regulator Milwaukee, Wis. 187,261 Feb. 13, 1877 device that alters pipe for pipe 179,902 July 18, 1876 P action pitch of 192,061 June 19, 1877 pipe Giradln, Gaspard 0. Lake Linden, Mich. 414,396 Nov. 5, 1889 pallet Godrycz, John A. Philadelphia, Pa. 1,233,220 July 10, 1917 E action Richard M. Ferris, the New York organbuilder, Goodman, H. N. Syracuse, N.Y. patented in 1851 a piano action to be attached to or 103,448* May 24, 1870 organ incorporated into an organ. His four drawings ac­ 133,851* Dec. 10, 1872 organ cabinet companying the patent description show alternative methods of coupling the piano and organ actions to Gordon, Hayner H. Washington, D.C. the keyboards, but have lost detail through sub­ 1,930,613 Oct. 17, 1933 E combination stantial reduction for publication in the distant past. Typical of the period but almost extinct today is the Gorham, James Bairdstown, Georgia pipe D, a bell gamba, shown in his drawing. A few Mar. other patents were awarded for the combination of 27,443 13, 1860 pipe pianos with pipe or reed organs. Gottfried, Anton Erle, Pa. 872,931 Dec. 3, 1907 pipe Gottfried, Herbert R. Erle, Pa. ..z,, 1,716,630 June 11, 1929 wind regulator in pipe Grant, Casper Eldred Portsmouth, Va. 1,512,088 Oct. 21, 1924 E action 1,846,861 Feb. 28, 1932 reservoir 1,891,409 Dec. 20, 1932 EP action 2,247,838 July 1, 1941 E action Gratlan, Joseph Alton, Ill. 211,989 Feb. 4, 1879 swell action Gratlan, Warren B. Bunker HIii, Ill. 1,957,585 May 8, 1934 E action Gress, George E. & Miles, Roger H. Washington, D.C. 3,024,689 Mar. 13, 1962 E action 15 Hess, Maxlmuss Nashville, Tenn. I, 1,314,327 Aug. 26, 1919 P action Hetherington, Martin Springfield, Mass. 528,478 Oct. 30, 1894 P action 539,178 May 14, 1895 542,221 July 2, 1895 Hiscock, Emory C. Chicago, Ill. 650,390 May 29, 1900 P coupler Hobbs, Hermann E. Weston, Mass. 582,918 May 18, 1897 EP action Hohos, Joseph A. I Falls Church, Va. 3,187,618 June 8, 1965 EM combination ,,, Holtkamp, Henry H. Lakewood, Ohio 1,100,568 June 16, 1914 P action Holzinger, Val San Gabriel, Cal. 2,945,409 July 19, 1960 reservoir Hope.Jones, Robert New York, N.Y. 849,241 Apr. 2, 1907 E stop action )".11i.Z. in North Tonawanda, New York: 1,021,149 Mar. 26, 1912 EP swell action Edwin B. Hedges, the well-known pipemaker of Westfield, Ma., patented in 1920 a means for 1,059,365 Apr. 22, 1913 reed pipe tuning regulating windfiowin wooden pipe feet. The device "consists of a metallic screw-plug tapped control into and through one side of . .. a foot, and provided with means for engaging therewith a 1,061,380 May 13, 1913 wrench or other tool . ..for the purpose of turning such plug in or out . .." 1,062,711 May 27, 1913 EP swell 1,077,075 Oct. 28, 1913 E stop action 1,110,441 Sept. 15, 1914 swell box Griffis, Steven W. 734,261 July 21, 1903 P action 1,115,541 Nov. 3, 1914 EP staccato device Hollywood, Cal. in Brattleboro, Vt.: 1,119,602 Dec. 1, 1914 EP combination 3,926,087 Dec. 16, 1975 Computerized 760,114 May 17, 1904 • (deceased) 760,115 combination 1,121,586 Dec. 15, 1914 EP stop cancel 871,272 Nov. 19, 1907 pipe Guenther, Roman 1,199,792 Oct. 3, 1916 EP valve 965,896 Aug. 2, 1910 " ("Haskell bass") Tigard, Oregon 1,201,585 Oct. 17, 1916 EP action 965,897 " pipe 3,160,051 Dec. 8, 1964 EP action 1,230,165 June 19, 1917 swell shutter Gundllng, Sebastian ("qualifying tube") 1,325,294 Dec. 16, 1919 E swell sforzando 965,898 Lancaster, Pa. pipe ("labial clarinet") 967,911 Aug. 23, 1910 Howard, Emmons 2,805,595 Sept. 10, 1957 E action pipe (stopped "Haskell bass") Westfield, Mass. Hagey, James C. & Arno, Oliver H. 971,502 Sept. 27, 1910 reed pipe ("Haskell 515,957 Mar. 6, 1894 P wlndchest Boston, Mass. resonator") Hulbert, Homer B. 736,054 Aug. 11, 1903 P roll player action 1,078,851 Nov. 18, 1913 P cour,ler Springfield, Mass. Hammer, Henry F. 1,078,852 " 1,333,715 Mar. 16, 1920 E device to change Detroit, Mich. 1,230,895 June 26, 1917 roll player device length of pipes 752,671 Feb. 23, 1904 P action 1,281,564 Oct. 15, 1918 P swell action Hutchings, George S. Hammond, John Hays Jr. 1,327,996 Jan. 13, 1920 pipe (labial tuba Boston, Mass. Gloucester, Mass. or for signalling) & Nordstrom, Gustavus: 1,641,166 Sept. 6, 1927 EP swell Hastings, Francis H. 164,585 June 15, 1875 M action 1,664,552 Apr. 3, 1928 E crescendo action Boston, Mass. by himself; In Cambridgeport, Mass.: 1,664,554 Apr. 3, 1928 E swell controlled 133,531 Dec. 3, 1872 wind control 375,356 Dec. 27, 1887 MP action by pressure on keys system in Boston, Mass.: 1,670,353 May 22, 1928 support for manuals & Flaherty, Frederick J. In Weston, Mass. 451,380 Apr. 28, 1891 M combination 1,680,036 Aug. 7, 1928 glissando device 578,925 Mar. 16, 1897 EP action Hutchison, MIiier Reese for pipes Hebard, A. R. West Orange, N.J. 1,680,039 July 7, 1928 swell device on Boston, Ma. 1,735,864 Nov. 19, 1929 pipe pipe tuning slots 105,571• July 19, 1870 organ stop Imhoff, Albert W. 1,680,041 EP roll player action Heckman, Clarence K. Orrville, Ohio 1,693,751 Dec. 4, 1928 swell Hagerstown, Md. 3,018,682 Jan. 30, 1962 tremolo 1,693,752 E swell 1,043,593 Nov. 5, 1912 P action 1,702,773 Feb. 19, 1929 E action Jackson, Richard W. 1,722,982 July 30, 1929 pipe Hedgeland, Frederick W. Chester, Ill. 1,722,977 Sept. 30, 1929 harmonic pipes In Chicago, Ill. 480,949 Aug. 16, 1892 M unit organ multlchamber swell 464,937 Dec. 8, 1891 pipe support with sllderchest 1,814,472 July 14, 1931 swell coupler 476,796 June 14, 1892 P windchest 520,924 June 5, 1894 M action 488,607 27, 1892 " Hammond, Laurens Dec. 520,925 combination 566,314 Aug. 25, 1896 P action Chicago, Ill. Jackson, WIiiiam 580,048 Apr. 6, 1897 2,099,204 Nov. 16, 1937 multiple E switch Albany, N.Y. 590,545 Sept. 21, 1897 102,822 May 10, 1870 organ Hankey, John H. 628,937 July 18, 1899 P crescendo Hagerstown, Md. 664,858 Jan. 1, 1901 M stop action Jappe, Louis P. & Garber, George L. Winona, Minn. 1,587,380 June 1, 1926 EP valve disk Hedges, Edwin B. Hardy, Maurice E. 3,501,990 Mar. 24, 1970 electronic coupler Westfield, Mass. & unification Pelham, N.Y. 1,331,258 Feb. 17, 1920 wind valve Jeschke, Henry 2,035,806 Mar. 31, 1936 swell in pipe foot St. Louis, Mo. Haskell, Charles Henschen, Lawrence J. 503,857 Aug. 22, 1893 one rank played Philadelphia, Pa. Des Plaines, Ill. on two manuals & Roosevelt, Hilborne: 4,178,828 Dec. 18, 1979 computer Jeffrey, WIiiiam G. 323,829 Aug. 4, 1885 P action organ action Reading, Mass. 336,351 Feb. 16, 1886 . Herrman, Oscar 1,359,897 Nov. 23, 1920 reed pipe 337,326 Mar. 2, 1886 Brown Station, New York 340,461 Apr. 20, 1886 wlndchest Johnson, William A. & Haskell, WIiiiam E.: 812,995 Feb. 20, 1906 P pedal valve Westfield, Mass. 488,559 Dec. 27, 1892 P stop action Hess, Max 191,973 June 12, 1877 reed pipe 780,765 Sept. 9, 1902 P key action Maplewood, Mo. Keisling, WIiiiam (deceased) 1,764,682 June 17, 1930 E action Chicago, Ill. 860,745 July 23, 1907 P action & Boehn, Albert N. in St. Louis, Mo.: 1,353,594 Sept. 21, 1920 E stop action 921,610 May 11, 1909 P action 1,770,752 July 15, 1930 M combination Kappes, Joseph L. Haskell, Wllllam E. by himself in Maplewood, Mo.: Springfield, Ohio Philadelphia, Pa. 2,261,999 Nov. 11, 1941 E action & Munch, Walter Jr. & Uetrecht, Dale M.

16 4,006,658 Feb. 8, 19TT computer Lorenz, Joseph Marr, David combination Hamilton County, Ohio Warsaw, N.Y. Kendall, Charles B. 78,107 May 19, 1868 reed pipe 1,762,274 June 10, 1930 E combination Boston, Mass. Losh, Charles S. 2, 167,407 July 25, 1939 E action 606,219 June 28, 1898 P roll player action New York, N.Y. Maus, Harry Page & Lamson, Dode M. Kent, Albert E. 1,376,891 May 3, 1921 pipe Lima, Ohio Erie, Pa. Losh, George E. 1,645,608 Oct. 18, 1927 sectional pipe chest 879,776 Feb. 18, 1908 P combination Merrick, N.Y. McClure, Louis C. 896,452 Aug. 18, 1908 P action 1,723,287 Aug. 6, 1929 EP action Lancaster, Cal. Kent, Earle L. Louis, Elek 3,124,992 Mar. 17, 1964 stop selector Elkhart, Ind. New York, N.Y. Mccollum, Fenelon 2,612,810 Oct. 7, 1952 EM combination 1,272,821 July 16, 1918 EP stop action Mansfield, Conn. Kent, W. J. & Bacon, C. E. 1,416,367 May 16, 1922 EM combination 608,704 July 9, 1898 pipe toot ,, Buffalo, N.Y. Love, Henry M. 844,613 Feb. 19, 1907 115,146* May 23, 1871 nameplate for Utica, N.Y. (deceased) organ stops 998,189 July 18, 1911 P stop action 1,712,152 May 7, 1929 Kerlgan, Michael James Mackin, Bernard & Young, William H. McManis, Charles Boston, Mass. WIimington, Del. Kansas City, Kansas 99,322* Feb. 1, 1870 blowing apparatus 272,181 Feb. 13, 1883 slanting wlndchest 2,535,645 Dec. 26, 1950 EP action in pipe 101,742 Apr. 12, 1870 tremolo horlzon!al pipes McMurtry, Edward A. Ketterman, Sylvan K. 346,450 Feb. 13, 1886 Chicago, Ill. Chicago, Ill. Maerten, Christian Jr. 1,313,711 Aug. 19, 1919 EP swell controlled 2,269,942 Jan. 13, 1942 E action Martlnsvllle, N.Y. by keyboard pressure Kiefer, Jacob C. 879,110 Feb. 11, 1908 P action Meads, John Chicago, Ill. Maier, Charles Albany, N.Y. 3,334,534 July 8, 1967 M combination New York, N.Y. 1,021 Nov. 25, 1838 M action Kllgen, Alfred G. 655,880 July 14, 1900 wlndchest with Michell, Carlton C. St. Louis, Mo. peak in middle Montclair, N.J. 1,247,844 Nov. 27, 1917 P action Manning, W. N. 441,370 Nov. 25, 1890 P combination Kimble, Thomas E. Rockport, Mass. Mikesell, Herbert S. Covington, Ky. 130,928* Aug. 27, 1872 action Richmond, Va. 4,019,418 Apr. 26, 19TT E stop tablet Kinder, Halsey G. Chicago, Ill. 929,138 July 27, 1909 M combination 1,239,698 Sept. 11, 1917 EP valve King, WIiiiam & King, Edward J. Elmira, N.Y. 522,902 July 10, 1894 M action Klann, August Pomeroy, Ohio 788,7n May 2, 1905 P windchest In Waynesboro, Va.: 1,699,363 Jan. 15, 1929 EP action in Basic, Va.: 1,703,771 Feb. 26, 1929 EP action Klann, Paul A. Waynesboro, Va. 2,909,094 Oct. 20, 1959 EP action 3,407,699 Oct. 29, 1968 M combination 3,605,546 Sept. 20, 1971 E action 3,795,170 Mar. 5, 1974 EP action 3,967,522 July 6, 1976 E action Klein, Joseph w. Los Angeles, Cal. 1,665,593 Apr. 10, 1928 EP slide bar on keyboard Kloehs, Gustav H. Philadelphia, Pa. 1,599,178 Sept. 7, 1926 EP action 1,632,657 June 14, 1927 Knollin, Thomas Syracuse, N.Y. 273,369 Mar. 6, 1883 M action Koepke, Donald B. Franklin Park, Ill. 4,173,166 Nov. 6, 1979 E stop tablet La Marche, George E. Chicago, Ill. 1,669,254 May 8, 1928 EP action 1,747,370 Feb. 18, 1930 P action Lamson, Dode M. & Maus, Harry Page Lima, Ohio 1,645,608 Oct. 18, 1927 sectional windchest Landin, Carl J. Boston, Mass. 824,079 June 19, 1906 EP action Leet, Leslie N. Mountainside, N.J. 1,836,0TT Dec. 15, 1931 EP action Lehman, Roscoe E. Hagerstown, Md. 2,140,802 Dec. 20, 1938 EP action Little, Frederick B. Chicago, Ill. In 1866, William Robjohn of New York patented a combination action that was activated by 1,228,222 May 29, 1917 E key action thumb pistons or a pedal-roller, that was adjustable, and that visibly movedthe drawknob_s of 1,291,568 Jan. 14, 1919 E coupler an otherwise typicalmechanical-action organ via pneumatic motors. The patent also describes Lockwood, Louis S. a mechanical "reversible" thumb piston for couplers and which also acts on the conventional North Tonawanda, N.Y. drawknobs. 1,225,666 May 8, 1917 swell shutter 17 & Teetor, Henry C. Parker, William D. Pilcher, John V. 1,690,381 Nov. 6, 1928 pipe tuner Worcester, Mass. Louisville, Ky. Miles, Roger H. & Gress, George E. 164,871 June 22, 1875 tremolo 497,206 May 9, 1893 P combination Washington, N.J. Payne, George L. 498,362 May 30, 1893 P action 3,024,689 Mar. 13, 1962 E action Richmond, Va. 519,389 May 8, 1894 P coupler Mills, Wellington Albert 3,548,703 Dec. 22, 1970 swell device with Pilcher, Robert E. North Tonawanda, N.Y. evacuated chambers Louisville, Ky. 1,604,467 Oct. 26, 1926 EP action Peasley, A. M. 494,593 Apr. 4, 1893 P combination Moench, Franz A. Boston, Mass. PIicher, WIiiiam E. Milwaukee, Wis. no number* Nov. 11, 1818 organ Louisville, Ky. 1,519,623 Dec. 16, 1924 EP action (later assigned #3019X) 1,067,545 July 15, 1913 P valve Moller, Mathias Perry, Roy R. Pilcher, W. Hagerstown, Md. Mobile, Ala. Chicago, Ill. 343,049 June 1, 1886 portable organ in 1,587,411 June 1, 1926 EP action 141,888* Aug. 19, 1873 bellows detachable sections in Fountain City, Tenn.: Pitt, Malcom S. May 22, 1956 Molnar, Laszlo A. 2,746,338 Bridgeton, N.J. Tustin, Cal. Peterson, Richard H. 1,151,387 Aug. 24, 1915 M combination 3,700,784 Oct. 24, 1972 electronic Palos Park, Ill. Polukanis, Jerzy combination 4,157,051 June 5, 1979 E stop tablet Bloomfield, N.J. 4,303,000 Dec. 1, 1981 swell shutters Moorhouse, Alfred 499,036 June 6, 1893 P action 4,319,513 Mar. 16, 1982 tremolo Pittsburgh, Pa. 519,925 May 15, 1894 P windchest 4,341,145 July 27, 1982 electronic & Bowman, Samuel G.: Poole, H. W. E pipe valve 1,716,651 June 11, 1929 EP action South Danvers, Ma. 4,361,069 Nov. 30, 1982 electronic 1,796,386 Mar. 17, 1931 28, 1868 swell action 73,753* Jan. enharmonic keyboard by them & Shannon, Castle in Mount Lebanon, Pa.: Philie, Joseph E. Quave, George M. 2,127,266 Aug. 16, 1938 EM combination Woonsocket, R.I. West Asheville, N.C. Morgan, Miles C. 876,751 Oct. 8, 1907 EM combination 2,071,986 Feb. 23, 1937 reservoir Boston, Mass. 139,912 June 17, 1873 reed pipe Morris, Leonard D. Springfield, Mass. 456,768 July 28, 1891 M combination in Chicago, Ill.: 870,192* Nov. 5, 1907 pedal bass organ 1,282,275 Oct. 22, 1918 E action 1,282,276 " 1,286,059 Nov. 26, 1918 Mortimore, John R. New York, N.Y. 98,790 Jan. 3, 1870 MP action Munch, Walter Jr. Fort Thomas, Ky. & Kappes, Joseph L. & Uetrecht, Dale M. 4,006,658 Feb. 8, 1977 computer combination Neff, Julius Philadelphia, Pa. 539,757 May 21, 1895 P action 609,362 Aug. 16, 1898 Nicholls, Reuben Philadelphia, Pa. 150,972 May 19, 1874 removable P action 159,705 Feb. 9, 1875 P action Niemann, Frank H. Philadelphia, Pa. 1,619,532 Mar. 1, 1927 tremolo Noburn, Charles S. Asheville, N.C. 2,049,076 July 28, 1936 M chest 2,049,077 " EP combination & Quave, George S.: 2,105,793 Jan. 18, 1938 E action by himself: 2,131,637 Sept. 27, 1938 Bellows reservoir Nordstrom, Gustavus & Hutchings, George Boston, Mass. 164,585 June 15, 1875 M action Noehren, Robert Ann Arbor, Mich. 3,422,718 Jan. 21, 1969 electronic combination Nutting, R., 2nd . ,,, !!'lJr . L'/41 Romeo, Mich. "�"/4 5,438* Feb. 8, 1848 organ & piano Odell, John H. Homer B. Hulbert of Springfield, Ma., patented a fascinating array of electrical components to New York, N.Y. achieve real portamento and a method to increase the volume of tone as pressure on the keys increases. 1 122,777 Jan. 17, 1872 P action The pipes producing notes "a" and "a#" are represented by 1 and 1 , and have tuning slides 5 and 6 609,291 July 16, 1898 P action attached to levers 7 and 8. Arranged in an arc near each lever are five electromagnets which are Odenbrett, activated at the keyboard 19 and may move the tuning slide as the pipe speaks. The keyboard is unique Milwaukee, Wis. in that it is fabricated of flexible material, such as cloth, upon which the keys are painted and beneath 254,562 Mar. 7, 1882 P chest which there are for each note five pivoted arms 18, and a set of diagonal contacts 15 to control the Page, Arthur A. tuning slide electromagnets via the wipers 17. Another set of five electromagnets at 2 vary the Albany, N.Y. volume/pressure of wind entering the pipe via a second set of keyboard contacts 20. If the finger glides 1,203,775 Nov. 7, 1916 M action across the flexiblekeyboard, electromagnets will be successively activated to move the tunin slides so 1 g Pain, Robert W. that the pitch will change seamlessly, the electromagnet 13 and 13 positioning the slides 5 and 6 to New York, N.Y. produce the same note from pipes "a" and "a#" as the transition between pipes occurs. For the effectof 335,534 Feb. 2, 1886 P action swelling the sound, the finger presses with force upon the keyboard and the electromagnetic valves 589,535 Sept. 7, 1897 EP roll player action controlling wind are successively activated to allow more wind to enter, thus increasing the volume. Palm, Elmer E. To prevent the pitch from rising with the increase of windpressure, the electromagnets at the tuning Reading, Pa. slides will be activated to simultaneously "lengthen" the pipe as the pressure increases. WTVP 520,167 May 22, 1894 M action 18 2,074,428 Mar. 23, 1937 tremolo Schwartz, Harold 0. & Thomas, Howard M. Stahl, Herman 2,116,040 May 3, 1938 reservoir NorthTonawanda, N.Y. Erie, Pa. Quigley, Robert & Thomas, Howard M. 3,491,645 Jan. 27, 1970 E stop action 1,174,098 Mar. 7, 1916 pipe North Tonawanda, N.Y. Schwarze, William Standing, William 3,420,131 Jan. 7, 1969 electronic Brooklyn, N.Y. Quoin, Ill. combination 498,086 May 23, 1883 P action 128,566 July 2, 1872 glass pan pipes Raymond, Chester A. 498,087 " with keyboard Princeton, N.J. 539,308 May 14, 1895 MP action Stanley, Donald E. 2,954,716 Oct. 4, 1960 EM combination Schwertner, Joseph Hillsboro, Oregon 3,103,847 Sept. 17, 1963 Detroit, Mich. 4,173,167 Nov. 6, 1979 electronic Reed, Walter C. 465,390 Dec. 15, 1891 M combination combination Dalton, Mass. 539,595 May 21, 1895 reed pipe Steere, John S. & Steere, Frank J. 1,353,667 Sept. 21, 1920 EP swell in New York, N.Y.: Springfield, Mass. Reid, Ebenezer Emmet 1,082,655 Dec. 30, 1913 P coupler 455,365 July 7, 1891 M combination Baltimore, Md. Sepp, Oscar W. Steere, Frank J. 2,259,858 Oct. 21, 1941 pipe organ with EM Merrick, N.Y. Springfield, Mass. manipulation of tone (3,250,168) altered to below: 304,575 Sept. 2, 1884 combination 3,449,995 June 17, 1969 EM combination Reisner, William H. Steere, Frank W. Hagerstown, Md. Severy, Melvin L. Springfield, Mass. 1,387,664 July 16, 1921 EP action Los Angeles, Cal. 304,576 Sept. 2, 1884 M action 1,910,129 May 23, 1933 swell 1,567,190 Dec. 29, 1925 Stein, Adam 1,977,598 Oct. 16, 1934 E action permuting 1,763,182 June 10, 1930 Westfield, Mass. 1,769,966 July 8, 1930 quality & intensity of 106,884 Aug. 30, 1870 P action 2,335,311 Nov. 30, 1943 E action tone Steinfeld, Harold L. 2,392,411 Jan. 8, 1946 Shannon, Castle & Moorhouse, Alfred St. Louis, Mo. Rienstra, Albert R. & Bowman, Samuel G. 1,788,963 Jan. 13, 1931 E action Morristown, N.J. Mount Lebanon, Pa. Stone, Don Marshall 3,138,053 June 23, 1964 E action 2,127,266 July 16, 1938 EM combination Alexandria, Va. Rinker, Levi M. Sihpol, Willlam B. 3,468,208 Sept. 23, 1969 M action Pittsburgh, Pa. Beverly, Mass. 1,570,780 26, 1926 E action Storck, A. Jan. 2,720,808 Oct. 18, 1955 E stop action Cincinnati, Ohio Robjohn, T. Silvers, Silas 92,760* July 20, 1869 action New York, N.Y. Detroit, Mich. Stuart, Levi U. 19,312* Feb. 9, 1858 pedal for organ 1,691,674 Nov. 13, 1928 pipe tuner Brooklyn, N.Y. Robjohn, William Skinner, Ernest M. 34,380* Feb. 11, 1862 bellows New York, N.Y. Somerville, Mass. Sullivan, Francis W. 54,603 May 8, 1866 P stop & combination 500,040 June 20, 1893 P swell action Los Angeles, Cal. action for slider chest in Boston, Mass.: 1,623,367 Apr. 5, 1927 EP action 93,349 Aug. 3, 1869 " 595,660 Dec. 14, 1897 E key action Summer, W. Roosevelt, Frank 663,368* Dec. 4, 1900 automatic piano Worcester, Mass. New York, N.Y. player assigned by 10,580* Feb. 28, 1854 organ (reissued) 449,1n Mar. 31, 1891 M action James W. Crooks & Elbert, WIiiiam N.: 667,039* Jan. 29, 1900 automatic musical Teetor, Henry & Mikesell, Herbert S. 449,590 Mar. 31, 1891 instrument player Hagerstown, Md. 1,690,381 Nov. 6, 1928 tuning screw for Roosevelt, Hilborne L. 715,307* tracker board for reed pipes New York, N.Y. auto. inst. assigned 88,909 Apr. 13, 1869 E action to Aeolian Co. Tellers, Henry & Haskell, Charles: 725,598 Apr. 14, 1903 E key action Erie, Pa. 323,829 Aug. 4, 1885 P action 784,440 Mar. 7, 1905 organ action 911,918 Feb. 9, 1909 P action 336,351 Feb. 16, 1886 P valve 807,510 Dec. 19, 1905 organ Thomas, James L. 340,461 Apr. 20, 1886 reservoir-windchest 1,076,069 Oct. 21, 1913 EP swell action Placentia, Cal. by himself 1,169,687 Jan. 25, 1916 French Horn pipe & Denigan, Thomas 323,211 July 28, 1885 composition 1,192,005* July 25, 1916 auto. musical instr. 3,699,839 Oct. 24, 1972 electronic stop action Small, C. W combination (deceased) Worcester, Mass. Thomas, Howard M. 374,088 Nov. 29, 1887 EP action 106,628* Aug. 23, 1870 reed pipe North Tonawanda, N.Y. 375,001 Dec. 20, 1887 Slawlk, Joseph & Quigley, Robert: Rowe, Charles F. Bloomfield, N.J. 3,420,131 Jan. 7, 1969 electronic combination Chicago, Ill. 599,199 Feb. 15, 1898 P action & Schwartz, Harold M.: 1,285,396 Nov. 19, 1918 P action 623,843 Apr. 25, 1899 3,491,645 Jan. 27, 1970 E action Sabol, Albert G. & Brown, Vernie Roy in Philadelphia, Pa.: 802,333 Oct. 17, 1905 P coupler by himself: Lawrence, Kan. 3,965,791 June 29, 1976 stop tablet 1,986,956 Jan. 8, 1935 E action Smith, Frederick W. Till, George Sanborn, Thomas Prentiss North Tonawanda, N.Y. 1,188,851 June 27, 1916 EP action Philadelphia, Pa. Boston, Mass. 1,439,652 Dec. 19, 1922 tremolo 107,549 tremolo 1,231,212 June 26, 1917 Sept. 20, 1870 Topp, James 465,208 Dec. 15, 1891 M action Smith, Harry M. Cranford, N.J. Chicago, Ill. Sands, Thomas 1,419,703 June 13, 1922 EP action Chelsea, Mass. 1,681,373 Aug. 21, 1928 EP combination Treat, James 14,992 May 27, 1856 organ in form of Smith, J. A. grand piano Erie, Pa. Boston, Mass. Schlicker, Herman L. 141,469* Aug. 5, 1873 stop action 220,737 Oct. 21, 1879 P action Tonawanda, N.Y. 416,974 Dec. 10, 1889 MP action 3,722,347 Mar. 27, 1973 M action pallet Smith, M. 428,706 May 27, 1890 New Haven, Ct. Schmoele, William & Schmoele, Henry 7,947* Feb. 25, 1851 bellows Trowbridge, A. Jr. Philadelphia, Pa. Boston, Mass. 145,532 Dec. 16, 1873 EP action Smith, Winfield 194,017 Aug. 7, 1877 M stop action Peekskill, N. Y. Schoenstein, Felix F. 1,851,459 Mar. 29, 1932 E stop action Tunstall, William B. San Francisco, Cal. Melrose, Mass. 510,521 Dec. 12, 1893 M action Solhem, Nicholas 926,686 June 29, 1909 P action Waterbury, Conn. Schoenstein, Lawrence 1,282,582 Nov. 5, 1918 P action Uetrecht, Dale M. San Francisco, Cal. Colerain, Ohio 3,094,890 June 25, 1863 M action Sommer, Gottlieb & Munch, Walter Jr. & Kappes, Joseph L. Williamsport, Pa. 4,006,658 Feb. 8, 1977 computer Schuelke, William 642,827 Feb. 6, 1900 P action Milwaukee, Wis. combination 549,690 Nov. 12, 1895 P windchest Sommerhof, William A. Van Valkenburg, Burt R. 572,128 Dec. 1, 1896 P action Erle, Pa. Oakland, Cal. II July 39, 1907 P windchest 572,129 862,029 1,126,137 Jan. 26, 1915 P crescendo valve pipe foot 572,130 1,013,570 Jan. 2, 1912 1,195,536 Aug. 22, 1916 P action 1,243,644 Oct. 16, 1917 tremolo Schulke, William Sorenson, A. J. Hamilton, Ohio Erie, Pa. Verlinden, Edmond 145,453 Dec. 9, 1873 wind valve 134,569* Jan. 7, 1873 organ cabinet Milwaukee, Wis. 19 Weickhardt, George Wood, Frederick L. Milwaukee, Wis. Worcester, Mass. 863,768 Aug. 20, 1907 P windchest 826,397 July 17, 1906 P coupler Werner, William F. & Caren, Paul T. Wood, William D. & Votey, Edwin Orange, N.J. Detroit, Mich. 2,190,650 FEb. 20, 1940 E action 462,784 Nov. 10, 1891 P action White, Frederick I. 475,831 May 31, 1892 P windchest Reading, Pa. 475,832 857,969 June 25, 1907 tuning slot on pipe 536,975 Apr. 2, 1895 EP action Whitehorne, William R. & Votey, Edwin & Fleming, William B.: 536,977 Bethlehem, Pa. Apr. 2, 1895 EP action 536,978 " EP stop action 895,925 Aug. 11, 1908 E action Woodberry, Jesse Wick, John H. Highland, 111. Boston, Mass. 489,887 Jan. 1 O, 1893 M combination 1,984,167 Dec. 11, 1934 E action 481,089 Aug. 16, 1892 2,104,338 Jan. 4, 1938 E combination 2,191,734 Feb. 27, 1940 swell box with Woods, George microphone Cambridge, Mass. 58,032 Sept. 11, 1866 MP action Wick, Louis J. Aug. 8, 1865 organ bellows Highland, 111. 49,355* 115,671 • June 6, 1871 or an ca inet 1,403,930 Jan. 17, 1922 E action � � 134,023* Dec. 17, 1872 1,589,031 June 15, 1926 " C. F. Winder of Hollywood, Ca., and formerly of 1,736,684 Nov. 19, 1929 Woodward, Lewis A. Richmond, Va., patented a circular swell­ 1,736,958 June 24, 1930 Frederick, Md. shutter frame in 1925 which" ...throws the tone 1,827,864 Oct. 20, 1931 EP action Wick, Martin M. from organ chamber directly in front ..." rather Highland, Ill. Young, William H. & Mackin, Bernard than to the side or downward, as with conven­ 3,138,052 June 23, 1964 E key action Wilmington, Del. tional shutter arrangements. 272,181 Feb. 13, 1883 horizontal pipe Wick, Ole, & Wick, George with slanting chest Humbolt Park, Ill. 346,450 Feb. 13, 1886 portable organ 1,462,429 July 17, 1923 M combination 385,031 June 26, 1888 cover for keywell 1,664,053 Mar. 27, 1928 EM combination & M action 1,724,326 Aug. 13, 1929 EP action Zabel, WIiiiam P. 1,775,260 Sept. ,?• 1930 EP stop action � Fort Wayne, Ind. 1,775,261 roll player action !.' 4,092,895 June 6, 1978 electronic 1,775,262 P switch combination 1,784,951 Dec. 16, 1930 EM combination I 1: :ii Zebrowski, Felix Verney, William C. I ' : 1:! Chicago, Ill. Mason City, Iowa :I ll� I'!! 759,338 May 10, 1904 M windchest 879,503 Feb. 18, 1908 P action � ?, 1 I Zimmer, George J . r ' 'I I : I Votey, Edwin I Waltham, Mass. Detroit, Mich. : ) 1,485,008 Feb. 26, 1924 orchestral flute pipe & Wood, William D.: ...• \ �\ . I :.· I I l I Zuck, Victor I. 462,784 Nov. 10, 1891 P action 1 North Tonawanda, N.Y. · �,- : ti1 by himself: 2,547,918 Apr. 3, 1951 E key action 468,509 Feb. 9, 1892 P combination \' 1 j & Wood, William D.: 475,831 May 31, 1892 P windchest 475,832 " 509,850 Nov. 28, 1893 EP combination by himself: 536,974 Apr. 2, 1895 E coupler & Wood, William D.: 536,975 Apr. 2, 1895 EP action 536,976 " P action & Wood, William D. & Fleming, William B.: 536,977 Apr. 2, 1895 EP action 536,978 EP stop action 547,568 Oct. 8, 1895 EP action by himself: Charles Maier of New York invented in 1900 a 546,834 Sept. 24, 1895 EP action space-conserving organ based on a triangular 793,697 July 4, 1905 P coupler windchest that provided room for a reservoir and 1,727,144 Sept. 3, 1929 EP swell action feeders beneath and vertical alignment of pipe Wacker, George tops so that they could be closely spaced but New York, N.Y. easily tuned. 326,359 Sept. 15, 1885 EP action Wadsworth, Claudius Jr. Brooklyn, N.Y. Wilkins, Herve D. 750,919 Feb. 2, 1904 P windchest Rochester, N.Y. Wales, Charles 361,562 Apr. 19, 1887 swell shades Detroit, Mich. Williams, Arthur Howard 531,077 Dec. 18, 1894 E coupler Minneapolis, Minn. Warren, Samuel Russel 1,388,989 Aug. 30, 1921 EP switch Brattleboro, Vt. Winder, Charles F. 1,883,838 Oct. 18, 1932 EP action Hollywood, Cal. 1,887,076 Nov. 8, 1932 E action 1,637,323 July 26, 1927 E swell controlled by Waters, Harry F. keyboard pressure Hen r y C. F le t ch er of Ch i ca go pat e nt e d i n 1 9 0 2 St. Louis, Mo. 1,654,626 Jan. 3, 1928 circular swell shutters a n i d e a f o r c o ns er v i ng s pac e a nd r ed u ci n g or g an 1,665,868 Apr. 10, 1928 EP action Winans, Thomas con struc tion c os ts b y "m a king th e indiv idua l 1,717,638 June 18, 1929 E action Baltimore, Md. p i p e s c a p a b l e of p r o d u c i n g t w o or m or e t o n e s & Brown, Vernie Roy: 143,602 Oct. 14, 1873 P action v ar y i ng f r o m e ac h ot h er ei t her i n po w er , q u a li t y , 1,753,323 Apr. 8, 1930 E action 148,272 Mar. 3, 1874 stop knobs in form pitch , o r k in d an d co ntro ll ed from se par a te by himself: of keyboard r eg i st er s an d f o r m i ng st o ps w h i ch m a y be u s ed 1,767,724 June 24, 1930 E action 153,143 July 14, 1874 P action s im ul tan eo usl y, but a re a s indepe nden t o f ea ch & Brown, Vernie Roy: 154,359 Aug. 25, 1874 " o t he r a s t ho u gh se p ar a t e s e t s o f p i p e s w e r e u s ed . June 24, 1930 E action 1,767,725 162,450 Apr. 20, 1875 plug of P air valve T h e p i pe s ar e ad a p t e d t o t h i s d ou b le u se by Jan. 6, 1931 1,787,559 176,724 Apr. 25, 1876 P action pr o v i di n g t h em w i t h a p lu r a li t y o f m ou t h s o r Waters, Harry Wirsching, Philipp o t her so u nd m ea ns , ea ch h av i n g i t s ow n Windham County, Vt. Salem, Ohio in de pende nt win d-way co n ne cting it to th e organ in form of 1,835,360 Dec. 8, 1931 518,980 May 1, 1894 winds uppl y..." The ill 1us trate d pipe h as th ree P windchest 1 1 1 grand piano 560,559 May 19, 1896 MP windchest f e e t A , B , and D supplying wind to mouths B, C Waters, Samuel S. 836,907 Nov. 27, 1906 P windchest and reed D respectively, all sharing the resonator Washington, D.C. 840,408 Jan. 1, 1907 P pouch A. Figure 6 shows the plan of a windchest to accept 2,180,784 Nov. 21, 1939 E combination 1,072,198 Sept. 2, 1913 P action the three feet of the pipe. 20 by WILLIAM T. VAN PELT oncomitant to the populru·ity of pho­ tography at the end oftbe ninete nth century was the blossoming of pic­ tureC postcards that fortuitously embraced organs and church interiors among a wide range of subjects. Cards provide the exam­ ples we need to study architectonics and the visual evolution of organs, as well as differ­ ential traits of contemporary builders and their instruments. In some cases, a card represents the only remaining record of an organ's existence. In the "Last Minute" notes appended to Volume 28, Number One of The Tracker, I invited contributions or loans of post cards Though this friendly card has no identification, visual clues may lead to determining its builder, and perhaps its location. for publication in the magazine and place­ ment in the Archives. Photographic nega­ tion. If the Blue Mountain Church is also Frequently appearing at swap-meets and tives of all the cards will be placed in the Zion Church, the mystery is solved by The in the cards sent by members are depictions Archives, so that members who wish to Lutheran Church in Berks County, a 1958 of the Auditorium at Ocean Grove, New retain possession of their cards may do so. publication, of no further attribution, that Jersey with its 1907 Robert Hope-Jones Donations or loans are still accepted and is excerpted in Volume V, No. 1 of The organ; the handsome 1912 Austin op. 323 at appreciated. Dieffenbuch, newsletter of the Tannenberg the City Hall, Portland, Maine; the 1882 Member Michelle Newton of Carthage, Chapter, OHS. "In 1922 the old Diffenbach Roosevelt 3m op. 93 relocated second-hand Missouri, supplied 54 cards, several of (sic) organ was replaced by a two-manual from the residence of H. C. Kimball, Roche­ which are unique. Earlier, she contributed Austin organ at a cost of over $4,100," re­ ster, New York, to old Warner Concert Hall, 24 cards to the Archives. In all, ten mem­ ports the Lutheran history of Zion Church, Oberlin, Ohio (the pictures show the early bers sent 103 postcards. Strausstown, on page 262. pre-set combination action contained with­ Though the picture post card is a late Michael Friesen found the Strausstown in glass-fronted cabinets located atop the 19th century phenomenon that continued card at a "swap-meet" near Chicago. Cards projecting console with terraced jambs; the its heyday of great popularity until about and stereopticon views are available in Ridges/Simmons-Hamill-Austin-Aeolian 1930, the organs that appear are often antique and collectible shops, and at swap­ Skinner organ at the Mormon Tabernacle, much earlier. A circa 1818 instrument in meets which are sponsored by more than Salt Lake; and "The Largest Outdoor Organ the style of David Tannenberg, the 18th one hundred regional postcard collectors' in the World," a 4-62 built by Austin as op. century Pennsylvania Moravian who is wi­ organizations. There is no national 453 for the Panama-California Exposition dely known as America's first native­ organization. of 1915 in San Diego. Rarer is the card that trained organbuilder, is the oldest organ shows the 1839 Firth & Hall organ that previously unknown to historians and "dis­ preceded the Hope-Jones at Ocean Grove, covered" via the cards received. Whether placed there second-hand from Washington the organ currently exists elsewhere is un­ Square Reformed Church, New York City. known, but the postmark, message, and Three cards received are promotional: caption show that it was located at the Blue Michael Friesen sent Hinner's card for the Mountain Church, Strausstown, Pennsyl­ Panama-Pacific Exhibition in San Fran­ vania, as late as 1910. It had a detached and cisco, which is liberally imprinted with tes­ reversed keydesk. timonials and shows the 17-register tu­ A generation of organbuilders who suc­ bular pneumatic organ displayed there; Bill ceeded Tannenberg, notably Conrad Doll Bramlett of Darlington, South Carolina, and Christian Dieffenbach, duplicated his provided two fine cards printed by A. B. tonal and visual style. I believe the organ is Felgemaker for op. 836 of ca. 1904 at St. by Dieffenbach, for it bears a common trait Andrew's Reformed Church, Allentown, with a known 1818 Dieffenbach organ: the Pennsylvania and op. 1020 of 1909 for pipeshades above flats two and four are Brewster Congregational Church, Detroit. inverted relative to Tannenberg's use. The James R. McFarland gleaned the opus known Dieffenbach appears in History of numbers and dates for the Felgemakers the Himmel Church by John H. Carter, pub­ from copies of company records. lished May 1, 1936 by the Northumberland The makers and dates of organs are County (Pa.) Historical Society, Volume rarely identified in turn-of-the-century VIII. It seems unlikely that the instrument cards. Even if the organ remains completely is a Tannenberg because it does not appear unidentified after research, the picture is in the Moravians' meticulous records of valuable as a record of visual style. Some of Tannenberg's activities, and all of his other the clues for identifying an organ are obvi­ known organs do appear. Of course, it may ous: the caption, the postmark, and the have been removed from its original loca- Blue Mt. Church, Strausstown, Pa. message usually yield sufficient infor- 21 mation to search builders' opus lists, li­ braries, historical societies, and church re­ cords. The style of the organ case yields Postcards Collected, Feb.-Oct., 1984 much information to an experienced eye. For instance, an organ in a three- or five­ Pasadena, CA First Methodist 1905 Moller 2-18 op. 617 sectional case with cornice would likely San Diego, CA Panama-Pacific Exhibition 1915 Austin 4-62 op. 453 San Francisco, CA Panama-Pacific Exhibition 1915 Hinners 17rgs tub. have been built before 1870 in the East, and Denver, CO Municipal Auditorium Hope-Jones before 1890 in the West. Cases with no wood Chicago, IL Mandarin Inn unknown (port?) unc. above the impost became popular after Mt. Carmel, IL Methodist 1906 Moller 2-28 op. 692 1900. Cases with vertical pilasters above Pekin, IL St. Paul's Ger. Ev. 1898 Hinners 2-25 the impost separating the pipes into groups Alexandria, IN Methodist 1902 Pilcher 2-15 op. 427 of flats and/or towers, and sometimes with 1904 Pilcher 2-16 op. 474 wooden bands connecting the pilasters, oc­ Attica, IN Presbyterian unknown unc. curred after about 1865 in the East, and Evansville, IN Bayard Park Meth. 1910 Wicks 2-14 op. 23 tub. later in the West. The building interior Hope, IN unknown unknown, Gothic case, dt 1909 Liberty, IN Methodist unknown pm 1909 holds clues as well: a secular auditorium, a Marion, IN Presbyterian ca. 1904 Estey 2m op. 122 liturgical church, and a non-liturgical Rockport, IN unknown 1911 Wicks 2-10 op. 39 tub. church are often determined at a glance. Sellersburg, IN Methodist unknown, unc. Even denominations may be determined by Valparaiso, IN Valparaiso University Kimball, ca. 1910 observation. Vincennes, IN First Presbyterian unknown, pm 1916 Leavenworth, KS St. Paul's Ev. Luth. unknown, ca. 1860, pm 1914 Some of the unidentified instruments Portland, ME City Hall 1912 Austin op. 323 yielded to less-than-exhaustive research. Saco, ME Congregational unknown, unc. The list contains many entries that remain Baltimore, MD Peabody Cons. Audit. unknown, ca. 1900, unc. unidentified and for which help is sought in Middletown, MD Lutheran Church unknown, ca. 1900 completing the identification. Readers may Boston, MA "Mother Church," CS Hook & Hastings send information to the Richmond address Salem, MA Essex Institute 1827 Geo. G. Hook of the Society. Big Rapids, MI Presbyterian unknown, pm 1912 Detroit, Ml Brewster Congregational 1909 Felgemaker 2-15 op. 1020 One interior unlike any other is that of Holland, MI Dimnent Chapel, Hope Col. 1970 Pels & van Leeuwen the Memorial Church of the Holy Cross in Manchester, Ml Emanuels Church unknown, pm 1915 Reading, Pennsylvania. A tremendous, Three Rivers, MI First Methodist unknown though shallow, three-manual organ ap­ Concord, NH Christian Scientist 1904 Hutchings-Votey pears along a diagonal wall at the left of the Haddon Heights, NJ St. Mary's Epis. unknown late 20th c. choir risers, with a large fireplace on the Ocean Grove, NJ Auditorium 1839 Firth & Hall pm 1907 diagonal wall at the right. The case style is Ocean Grove, NJ Auditorium 1907 Hope-Jones Chautauqua, NY Chautauqua Institution 1907 unknown post-1885 with stencilled pipes, attached Elmira, NY Park Church unknown keydesk and terraced stop jambs. The card Gloversville, NY First Baptist unknown, pm 1908 is postmarked 1911, is hand-colored, but New York, NY St. John Divine Hutchings-1907 Skinner op. 150 the organ remains unidentified. New York, NY Marble Collegiate 1891 Odell op. 296, nave Albert F. Robinson provided eleven Penn Yan, NY First Presbyterian 1880 Wm King Cleveland, OH First Methodist 1942 Casavant 4-70, op. 1715 cards, including several of recent organs, Delaware, OH Gray Chapel, Ohio Wes. U. 1892 Roosevelt 3-30 op. 526 the 1827 George G. Hook organ at the Essex Macksburg, OH unknown unknown, pm 1912 Institute, Boston, and among some earlier Oberlin, OH Finney Chapel, 0. Col. 1914 Skinner 4m op. 230 cards a good picture of the Edwardian inter- Oberlin, OH Warner Hall, 0. Col. 1882 Roosevelt op. 93 Wooster, OH Chapel, Univ. of W. unknown, pm 1910 1880 Wm. King, Penn Yan, N.Y Salem, OR First Methodist unknown, unc. Allentown, PA St. Andrew's Reformed 1904 Felgemaker 2-20 op. 836 Ashley, PA Presbyterian unknown, before 1907 Bernville, PA Friedens Ev. Luth. ca. 1898 E. E. Palm Bethlehem, PA Moravian Church 1874 Jardine 3m Blain, PA Lutheran 1904 Moller 2-17 op. 524 Factoryville, PA Baptist unknown, pm 1918 Franklin, PA First Baptist ca. 1904 Estey 2m op. 112 Kane, PA First Methodist 1906 Felgemaker 2-20 op. 902 1901 Moller 2-20, op. 306 pm 11/06 Pottsville, PA unk., silver ann. 1921 unknown, organ ca. 1910 Reading, PA Mem. Ch. of the Holy Cross unknown, pm 1911 Scranton, PA Elm Park Methodist unknown, pm 1910 Spangsville, PA "Old" Oley Ref. 1822-1902 unknown Spring City, PA Zion Lutheran Johnson, rel. Bates & Culley Spring City, PA Zion Lutheran 1791 Tannenb_erg Strausstown, PA Blue Mt. Church ca. 1818 Dieffenbach atr. Salt Lake City, UT Mormon Tabernacle several cards Cabot, VT Methodist 1896 Hook & Hastings 2-7 op. 1699 Richmond, VA St. John's Epis. 1842 Hook 1-10 op. 52? Richmond, VA St. John's Epis. 1906 Stein 2m case Richmond, VA Pine Street Bapt. John Brown case unknown First United Evan. ca. 1895 unknown unknown stage of hall ca. 1905 Austin Havana, Cuba Cathedral unknown, pm 1930 British unknown Bamforth Cards poetic other US cards completely unidentified Abbreviations: atr = attributed; c = century; ca = circa; dt = dated; m = manual; op = opus; pm = postmark; rgs = registers; tub = tubular pneumatic; unc = uncirculated; unk = unknown

22 . \ ' t � •! � i'

ior of First Baptist Church, Gloversville, New York, and its post-1870 two-manual organ that is otherwise unidentified. The postmark is 1908. He also included early Wicks op. 23 was built in pictures of the organ at the Christian Scien­ 1910 for a church in tists' "Mother Church" in Boston, including Evansville, Indiana, as one of"old" First Church of Christ Scientist, identified in the caption Boston. printed on the card (above). Michelle Newton sent a great variety of Another card with no cap­ tion carried the finely­ cards which predominantly represent the reproduced image of a midwest. Her collection includes several nearly-identical organ case cards manufactured as actual photographic (right). Postmarked "Rock­ prints from negatives, and their quality is port, Ind.," the card pro- superb. One such card is of a small, neat, vided the clues to confirm two-manual instrument located at First the organ as Wicks op. 39 Methodist Church in Three Rivers, Michi­ of 1911. Both organs are gan, but otherwise unidentified. My search tubular pneumatic. The of various opus lists did not reveal the handsome neo-Gothic case builder. Another fine photographically­ (above left) remains un­ manufactured card was identified by its identified except for a postmark, "Rockford, Ind., Nov. 7,1912," hand-written caption be­ and message to its addressee in Evans­ neath the picture, "Easter ville," ... this picture was taken over a year 1909, Hope, Ind." ago." One other hint led to the organ's identity: another card in the Newton col­ lection bears the printed caption, "Organ installed in Bayard Park M. E. Church at Evansville, Ind., by Wick's (sic) Pipe Organ Co., Highland, Illinois." Its case is almost identical to the Rockport organ. A call to member John E. Sperling, the tonal direc­ tor at Wicks, confirmed that the firm built the Evansville organ as a 2-14 with tubular-pneumatic action, opus 23, in 1910, and that the firm supplied opus 39, a tubular-pneumatic 2-10, in 1911 to Trinity Methodist Church in Rockport. An unusual, unidentified, roll-playing, self-contained organ of modest size is shown in one of the Newton cards as installed at a restaurant, "Mandarin Inn, 414-416 South' Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Ill." William: King's handsome organ of 1880 for First Presbyterian Church, Penn Yan, New York, is printed on a card with an embossed border. Fascinating forme is a card from St.

An organ built in 1882 by Hilborne Rossevelt as op. 93 for the residence of Harold C. Kimball of Ro­ chester, N.Y., was moved to WarnerConcert Hall (right) of Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, where it ap­ pears on a card post­ marked 1906. Glass-doored cabinets atop the console contain switches for the early pre-set combination actum. St. John's Episcopal Church in Richmond, Va., (below) is pictured in a card copyrighted 1901 that shows what is believed to be Hook op. 52, a 1-10 of 1842, which was replaced by AdamStein with a 2m tracker-pneumatic organ in 1906. St. Paul's Evan­ gelical Lutheran Church of Leavenworth, Ks., (bottom left) is shown on a card postmarked 1914 to have had a small organ in a Greek revival case dating from the 1850s or 60s. Emanuels Church of Man­ chester, Mi., (below right) contains an organ by an unknown builder in a post-1870 style as shown on a card postmarked 1915.

25 George G. Hook's op. 1 of 1827 (left) as displayed at the Essex Institute in Salem, Ma., appears on a recent card Two organs from the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition ap­ supplied by Albert F. Robinson. An peared on the postcards collected, including several views of unknown organ of neat da. 1900 de­ "The Largest Outdoor Organ in the World," (bottom) Austin sign appears on an uncirculated card op. 453, a 4-62 installed in San Diego. The Hinners firm of (below) from First Methodist Church, Pekin, Il., exhibited at 17-rank tubular pneumatic organ in Three Rivers, Mi. the Illinois Building at the Exposition grounds in San Fran­ cisco. The organ was subsequently installed at St. Mary's R. C. Church, Colorado Springs, Co., the next year.

HINNERS Pl PE ORGAN in Illinois Building, Panama-Pacific Inter­ national Exposition, San Francisco.

The following expressions concerning the Organ have been received by the bulldere: Clarence Eddy, Con.cort Orl(anlat;-"Ac,oi,I ""II 001111rOft IM ,:u•ll"'"' of �our organ on .,,J,i,,J,' I had tl,c 7io.,,,,of 11ivlt111 &he ,,.auourdl racital at th1 d•dicatio" of th• lilinoia Stat• Build­ in.o. The o�pa,t, a!vu 1t'1-'it.1M.tot ,.1.itiaf11ction.•• Dr. Maurice w. O'Connell. Officllll Or/!"anfstllH• nols Bldw.:-"f am d

4400 LARGEST OIITOOOR ORGAN IN THE WORLD

26 Organ Postcard Spurs Research at Central Moravian Church, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania hough it had begun to fade as all Member Dr. John Speller of Bethlehem Historical Society, XIV (1947), where a poorly-processed photographs do, the provided the answer in very good measure. photograph of the Geib appears. It "had a clarity and sharpness of a photo­ He identified the organ as an 1873 Jardine at three-tower mahogany case .. . (and) is tho­ T ught to have had about twenty or twenty-four graphically-manufacturedpostcard included Central Moravian Church in Bethlehem, and in the collection forwarded to the Society by kindly referred me to Moravian Music Jour­ stops and two manuals," writes Dr. Speller. Michelle Newton of Carthage, Missouri, was nal, 26:3. It contains a brief history and stop­ Dr. Ogasapian found the Geib to have had a startling, as was the appearance of the organ. list of the instrument. Later, Dr. Speller detached and reversed console,3 like the In the projecting gallery behind the middle of found much more information, including a Klemm-Tannen berg. three Romanesque arches sat a post-1865 stoplist from a contemporary source which Accounts of the disposal of the Geib organ organ with detached and reversed console, we report here. The Jardine was at least the differ. The pessimistic mind fears to reconcile apparently of at least two manual divisions. fourth organ in the church. It is unknown the differences in the following sources with A dealer had pencilled on the back of the whether the current Moller instrument con­ the theory that two organs may have been uncirculated card, "Moravian Church, Beth­ tains components from the Jardine or the discarded, at different times. Dr. Ogasapian lehem, Pa.$2.00." There was no other identi­ earlier organs. writes that, in storage at the Moravian Par­ fication. Dr. John Ogasapian reports that John ochial School, it"... fell victim to vandals in Who built this organ? Surely it would not Klemm provided an organ for the first chapel the early 1940s and was ordered broken up by be difficultto find out.Could it be a Durner of of this congregation in 1746, and that Klemm the church authorities ...the case, housing a Quakertown, Pennsylvania? Perhaps a Pom­ and David Tannenberg, working together, modern organ, still exists in the church."4 Dr. plitz of Baltimore? A late Erben or one by his built a replacement for it in 1759. Though Speller writes "... the Geib organ was dis­ successor, L. C. Harrison? Tannenberg had signed a contract in 1803 to mantled on 1-4 December 1873 (and) it was provide what was likely to have been the placed in storage at a local Moravian school, The case has that"New York look," a term congregation's third organ, his death on May where it remained until about 1890, when it not to be further discussed here, yet the cen­ 19, 1804, intervened. The church chose John was vandalized by some of the children, after tral portion was quite unusual and not unlike Geib of New York City to build an organ which it was thrown out." Though Dr. Oga­ some Pomplitz organs. The whole instrument installed in March, 1860.1 William H. Arm­ sapian reports the existence of the Geib case, bore much in common with the Jardines strong cites a town history that claims the other historians report to the contrary. covered in Volume 28, Number 1, which were Geib arrived for a new edifice completed the all of the early 1870s era. Regarding the Jardine, Dr. Speller reports same year. Armstrong establishes the 1759 this account from the Bethlehem Daily Times, Handy sources did not yield an answer. The Klemm-Tannenberg as having had a de­ Saturday, November 22, 1873: Erben and Harrison opus lists do not mention tached and reversed console.2 Dr.Speller im­ the church; there is no known Pomplitz opus plies that the 1746 organ may have been by NEW ORGAN FOR MORAVIAN CHURCH. - The news having been promulgated, and generally list; some Durner company records in Jim another builder or even second-hand, and believed throughout this community that the McFarland's collection do not include this installed by Klemm.He cites "An Architect­ new organ intended for the Moravian Church church; and the Jardine opus list from 1869, ural History of the Moravian Church, Bethle­ would not be finished and placed in position as yet the only one found (published in re­ hem, Pennsylvania," by Garth A. Howland before some time in the New Year, our Re­ plication by OHS), did not include it. included in Transactions of the Moravian porter called upon the proper authorities who 27 kindly furnished us with the following: Yes­ in New York City. Messrs. Jardine & Son can be used separately or conjointly, (de­ terday evening Prof. Theodore F. Wolle, or­ assured the gentlemen that the organ would pending on the amount of wind required,) ganist, and Mr. C. Luckenbach, member of the certainly be ready for use by Christmas, and and both feed into the same reservoir. Board of Trustees, a committee appointed, for possibly ready for dedication services by the ... The entire organ contains 2,161 pipes the purpose, returned from a visit to Messrs. 20th. December. The committee were shown . . . the cost of the organ complete, as it George Jardine & Son, builders of the organ, every courtesy by the Messrs. Jarine and pro­ stands in the church, is $8,000. nounce the organ a splendid piece of mechan­ The organ was apparently installed by Geo. Jardine & Son, New York, 1873 ism throughout. We are promised a full de­ Dudley Jardine, for this note appeared on Central Moravian Church, Bethlehem, scription of the organ and defer going into Pennsylvania further details until the same has been placed page 3, December 26, 1873: "The Reporter Specification from in position. On November 30th, the first Sun­ of The Bethlehem Times is under obligation Bethlehem Daily Times, 24 Dec. 1874 day in Advent, the old organ will be used for to Theodore F. Wolle, organist, and Dudley GREAT 58 notes lowest manual the last time, and on Monday, December 1st. Jardine, organbuilder ofNew York City, for 16' Double Open Diapason the of tearing down [sic] will commence, and valuable favors shown duringthe erection 8' Open Diapason the demolition will occupy about four days, of the new organ." On Thursday, January 8' Viola da Gamba and by the 20th, if nothing interferes, the new 15, 1874, the paper reported the program 8' Melodia organ will be in position. for a concert to be held that evening with 8' Stopped Diapason (bass?) And this from December 20, 1873: 4' Principal "1,300 bona fide comfortable seats." There 4' Flauta Traversa ORGAN DEDICATION POSTPONED. -The organ­ were three players including Wolle, G. W. 2%' Nazard (12th) ist of Moravian Church, yesterday informed Morgan of New York, and David Wood: our Reporter that the consecration of the new 2' Fifteenth PROGRAMME -[. ..] Part I. -Offertoire in III Mixture organ has been postponed until Christmas Eve. G., (L. Wely,) Prof. Theo. P. [sic] Wolle; Fu­ 8' Trumpet gue with Toccato [sic], in D Minor, (Bach,) 4' Clarion The dedication took place as planned on Prof. G. W. Morgan; Chorus, "The Heavens SWELL 58 notes, middle manual, enclosed December 24, and the instrument was de­ are Telling" (Haydn;) Passacaglia in C 16' Bourdon scribed in the same paper, December 24, Minor, (Bach,) Prof. David Wood; Overture 8' Open Diapason 1873: to "William Tell," (Rossini,) Prof. Morgan; 8' Salicional Solo, "I Know That My Redeemer Liveth," 8' Keraulophon DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGAN. - THE CASE. - The organ case is built of black walnut wood; (Handel,) Miss Kate Selfridge, accompanied 8' Stopped Diapason by Prof. Wood. 4' Violina with ash mouldings, and finished in oil. Its dimensions are, 19 feet8 inches front, 15 feet Part II. - Sonata No. 6, (Mendelssohn,) Prof. 4' Flute Harmonique Wood; Handel's Lessons, (G. W. Morgan,) 2' Principal (piccolo) 6 inches depth, and 20 feet high. It has the "reversed" action, that is, the organist faces Prof. Morgan; Selections, (Schumann,) Prof. III Cornet (mixture) Wood; Chorus; Impromptu on "Sad Sea 8' Cornopean the pulpit. The front, or display pipes, are divided into five groups. Of these, the two Waves," (G. W. Morgan,) Prof. Morgan; Fac­ 8' Oboe keltanz, (Meyerbeer,) Prof. Wood. Tremolo groups most distant from the centre, con­ sisting of three pipes each, are painted a Doors open at 7; concert to commence at 8 SOLO 58 notes, upper manual o'clock. 8' Geigen Principal beautiful shade of lilac, with neat and chaste 8' Stopped Diapason ornamentation in gilt. The 7 pipes forming The Jardine is not known to exist, accord­ 8' Dulciana the central group are gilded, and the adja­ ing to Dr. Speller and other OHS members, 4' Fugara cent groups on either side, containing 6 pipes and the course of its twentieth-century ex­ 4' Flute d'amour each, are silvered. All of these are "speaking istence has yet to be researched. When did it 2' Piccolo pipes," and are a part of the open diapason get a water motor or electric blower, if at register of the great organ. There is not a 8' Clarionet (orchestral) all? Was its action electrified or tonal PEDAL 27 notes mute pipe in the entire organ. THE DESK -The desk containing the key changes made at some point as styles 16' Double Open Diapason changed? Is it lingering in a barn some­ 16' Bourdon boards, &c., Is also built of black walnut 16' Violin wood, oil finished like the case. It includes where? Have its pipes found their way into 12' Grosz Quint within its sides three manuals or keyboards, other organs? Or, has the metal of its pipes 8' Violoncello and displays 40 stop heads, 20 each side, 37 of gone back to the pot, and the wood of its 4' Flute which are connected with the speaking mighty windchests given up their warmth 16' Trombone registers, the remaining three being me­ to the atmosphere? Pedal Lock chanical stops, of which more anon. Each COUPLERS manual has 58 keys, and there are 27 pedals. The stop heads are of the oblique pattern, FOOTNOTES Swell to Great "thumb knobs" 1 Solo to Great "thumb knobs" with ivory faces, the name and number of Ogasapian, John Organ Building in New Great to Pedal "mechanical pedal" feet being neatly engraved on each face. To York City: 1700-1900, The Organ Litera­ Swell to Pedal "mechanical pedal" the right, over the upper tier of stops, is a ture Foundation, Braintree, Ma. 02184, "tell-tale" an applicance to indicate to the 1977, p. 28. Solo to Pedal "mechanical pedal" 2 COMBINATIONS organist the amount of wind in the reservoir. Armstrong, William H. Organs for America: Combination to Pedal to Great Organ THE BELLOWS. -There are two bellows, or The Life and Work of David Tannenberg, Combination Pedal to Swell Organ pairs of bellows, the one worked by a lever The University of Pennsylvania Press, which projects at the rear of the case, the Philadelphia, 1967, p. 86. Bellows Signal 3 2,161 pipes other worked by means of treadles at the side Ogasapian, p. 28. of the organ adjacent to the lever. Either pair 41bid

RESTORATIONS Jo CoTAYLOR DANA HULL 1407 East Stadium Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 ORGANBUKLDJER 313-663-2785 TRACKER ACTION ORGANS BUILT TUNED REBUILT & (914) 236-7154 RESTORED MAINTAINED GoRDON S. AucHINCLoss 602 NORTH STATE STREET APPLETON, WISCONSIN 54911 414-731-8229 Pipe Organ Service P.O. Box 5262 - Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 12602

28 Post-Centennial American Organ History in Microcosm by William T. Van Pelt he First United Methodist Church of Salem, Ohio, cele­ brated the fiftieth year ofMr. Homer S. Taylor's service as Torganist on January 22, 1984, with a vesper service which included Mr. Taylor's playing of Prelude in G, Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring, Prelude and Fugue in E minor, and accom­ panying Sheep May Safely Graze, all by J. S. Bach; the Suite Gothique of Leon Boellmann, Adagio for Strings by Samuel Barber, Pax Vobiscum by Garth Edmundson, the anthem Lift High the Cross by S. H. Nicholson arranged by Donald Bu­ sarow, and "All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name" sung to Cor­ onation, Miles Lane, and Diadem. Mr. Taylor was first em­ ployed January 21, 1934 as organist, and is now also the holder of elected office as financial secretary. closed 61-note manual divisions and 30-note Pedal division. Having been a member of OH S for many years, Mr. Taylor The contract, dated November 9, 1910, called for completion of shared the news of his anniversary with The Tracker staff,and the installation by February 1, 1911 in consideration for which supplied copies of contracts for organs at his church.They trace the church would pay upon completion $3,500, less an allow­ the styles of mainstream American organs back to the U.S. ance of$1,150 for the old organ, making the actual dollars paid Centennial. The earliest of those documents, a contract made by the church$2,350. Written into the specification is this note, with the Wirsching Church Organ Co. of Salem in 1887, picks "The Wirsching Self-Player to be built into the organ as a up the trail of this church's organ history with the mention of a donation to the church by the Builders." trade-in allowance for the old organ. Though the contract did Hugh Swanton, a Columbus, Ohio, organ technician, wrote not identify the maker or size of the old organ, a lucky search of the builders in his own hand on April 11, 1911, finding great opus lists by Tracker editorial board member Alan Laufman satisfaction in the organ.It must have been delivered on time, disclosed that A. B. Felgemaker supplied his opus 420 to the or very nearly so. The letter reads: church ca. 1876, but nothing else about the instrument has yet Dear Mr. Wirsching, surfaced. A gap in Felgemaker records barely excludes an entry I wish to write and tell you of the pleasure, not unmixed with for opus 420, for the extant records commence again after opus Surprise, I felt when I came to try your new Organ in the M. E. 423. Church in your town. For the last 18 years, during my residence in The 1887 organ, contracted to be delivered "on or before the England, I have heard many hundreds of fine Organs, the best that British Builders produce, & I have had unusual opportunities for 15th day of December A. D.1887, " was priced at $2,000, but the testing them. This Instrument of yours was the first of your build I Wirsching firm allowed $800 trade-in for the Felgemaker, had played, & naturally my mental Comparisons with those of donated $600 to the project, accepted no down payment, and English Instruments were stringent & severe. To tell the truth, I charged $600 upon completion. The typewritten contract was expected something fairly passable;-no more. I will now Confess I amended in handwriting so that the completed organ would underated your abilities, & I apologize for my doubts. The organ is be accepted and paid-for only after examination by a "disin­ a perfect beauty and in every respect will bear Comparison with terested expert" found it satisfactory. Perhaps the amendment any organ of its size I ever heard. The [not legible] leaves nothing was wise; Wirsching had founded his firmonly in that year - a to be desired. It is prompt and quicker in reiteration than the reason for the good price. The contract was signed October 26, fastest [not legible]. But it is the tone which is so lovely. You have achieved the Supreme art of building up. Every Stop has its 1887, by Philipp Wirsching, vice president and general man­ exquisite individual quality, while all blend into one [not legible] ager of the firm, and Ezra Hingsley, pastor of the church. The whole. This test is the most severe that can possibly be placed on specifications attached to the contract describe a two-manual any artist-voicer, & it was possessed by only one other man I ever organ of twenty ranks, 58 manual keys, 27 Pedal keys, unison knew, that great immortal, the late "Father" Willis of London. couplers between manuals and from each manual to the Pedal, Congratulations are Superfluous. You are head & shoulders balanced Swell pedal, Forte and Piano combination pedals, and above the others, & I for one will not hesitate to say so to anyone. a Great tonal complement from 16' through 2' and Mixture, Yours Sincerely, including a mutation pitch.The action was not specified,and is Hugh Swanton thought to have been tubular with an attached keydesk and Thirty-seven years later, the tubular action was electrified as mechanical couplers. were so many, often because of damage or erosion of the tubes, usually of lead.The tubular action was described in the Wirsch­ A move to a new building in 1910 gave impetus to the ing contract to be "... of the most perfect type, on the alter­ acquisition of a new instrument, also built by the Wirsching nating system, exhaust at the console and inflating at wind­ firm. The 1887 organ came at the end of what many consider to chest intermediate station ...the windchests throughout to be be America's "Golden Age " of organbuilding, and the new organ of our Universal Airchest type ... Each pipe to have its own specification, drawn only 23 years after the firstWirsching was valve and actuating motor pneumatic, all of which are access­ built for the church, reflects a tremendous change of style owing ible for inspection or adjustment without disturbing a pipe." to an entirely new direction in taste abetted by the possibilities presented by new types of action.The 1910 organ contained 15 A contract made with Hillgreen, Lane & Co. on April 22, ranks of pitches 16', 8', and 4' on tubular-pneumatic action that 1948, provided for a new console with electric couplers, electri­ boasted super, sub, and unison couplers Swell to Great and in fication of all manual and Pedal chests, a new tremulant, two the Swell, super coupler in the Great, four combination pistons swell engines to operate shutters remotely, repair of the main each in Swell and Great, a Crescendo pedal, individually en- reservoir, installation of a panel where the tubular console was 29 attached to the main case of the organ, releathering the chests, The Wirsching Church Organ Co., Salem, Ohio, 1887 and regulating and tuning. The $4,775 contract called for $600 First Methodist Episcopal Church, Salem, Ohio CONTRACT SPECIFICATION upon signing and the balance upon completion, with deferred GREAT 58 notes MECHANICAL payments to bear six percent interest. 16 ft. Bourdon 58 wood REGISTERS Escaping tonal remodelling in 1948 and with none before, the 8 ft. Open Diapason 58 metal Great to Pedal. instrument did not fall to classical reform though it is located 8 ft. Dulciana 58 "all metal" Swell to Great. only about 60 miles from Cleveland, where Walter Holtkamp's 8 ft. Melodia 58 wood Swell to Pedal. 4 ft. Principal 58 metal Bellows Signal. important work is legendary. Here it breaks with the main­ 4 ft. Flute D'amour 58 w&m COMBINATION PEDALS stream of late style, though it probably served as an "honese• 3 ft. Quinte 58 metal Great Organ Forte. church organ about as well or better than similarly-sized classi­ 2 ft. Octave 58 metal Great Organ Piano. cal experiments of the day. 3 rk. Mixture 174m "for addition" Reversible Pedal SWELL 58 notes enclosed (Great to Pedal Coupler) After 63 years without an independent 2' stop, the church 8 ft. Open Diapason 58 metal Fortissimo to Full Organ contracted for the Great 4' Gemshorn to be "re-scaled as a 2' 8 ft. Stopped Diapason 58 wood Balance Swell Pedal stop," and for a 4' Octave and 8' Trompette to be added. A 8 ft. Salicional 58 metal two-stop chest was built and installed with independent swell 8 ft. Aeoline 58 metal shutters in an adjacent Sunday school room, where the Trom­ 4 ft. Fugara 58 metal pette was placed and the Great 8' Viola de Gamba moved so that 4 ft. Flauto Traverso 58 w&m the new 4' Octave could be planted on the Great chest. The new 8 ft. Oboe & Bassoon 58 metal shutters can be switched to work with the Great expression Tremolo shoe or with the Swell expression shoe. The work was per­ PEDAL 27 notes 16 ft. Bourdon 27 wood formed by former Hillgreen, Lane & Co. employee Bruce D. 8 ft. Flute 27 wood Snyder according to a contract made April 2, 1973, which also called for cleaning, fitting slide tuners and regulating pipe­ The Wirsching Organ Company, Salem, Ohio, 1910-11 First Methodist Episcopal Church, Salem, Ohio work, releathering the main chests, installing new contacts in CONTRACT SPECIFICATION the electric console couplers, refelting the Pedal clavier, replac­ GREAT 61 notes, enclosed except Open Diapason ing pipes numbers 19 to 61 in the Great Open Diapason with 8' Open Diapason 61m COUPLERS ('better used pipes," and adding a winker in the trunk between 8' Clarabella 61w Swell to Great 16', 8', 4' reservoir and chests to steady wind. The price was $5,765, or 8' Viola di Gamba 61m Great 4' nearly ten times the $600 price paid in 1877 for an entirely new 8'Dulciana 61m Swell 16', 4' organ of two manuals and twenty ranks. 4' Flute D'amour 61m Swell Unison Release 4' Gemshorn 61m Great to Pedal SWELL 61 notes enclosed Swell to Pedal 16' Bordone dolce 61w Swell to Pedal 4' 8' Principale minore 61m COMBINATION PISTONS 8' Bordone amabile 61w Great, 1, 2, 3, 0 8' Violoncello 61m Swell, 1, 2, 3, 0 8' Vox angelica 61m PEDAL MOVEMENTS 4' Flute harmonique 61m Great to Pedal, Reversible 4' Violino 61m Sforzando 8' Oboe 6lmr Balanced Great Pedal Tremolo Balanced Swell Pedal PEDAL 30 notes Crescendo Pedal 16' Sub-Bass 42w 16' Lieblich Gedackt Sw. 16' Bordone 8' Flauto basso from Sub-Bass Wirsching Self-Player donated by builder

The Wirsching Organ Co., Salem, Ohio 1911 Hillgreen, Lane & Co., Alliance, Ohio, 1948 Bruce D. Snyder, 1973 First United Methodist Church, Salem, Ohio CONTRACT "REVISED SPECIFICATION" GREAT 61 notes SWELL, 61 notes 8' Diapason 16' Bourdon 8' Viole D' Gamba 8' Principal 8' Dulciana 8' Violon Cello 8' Clara Bella 8' Vox Angelica 4' Octave new 8' Gedeckt 4' Flute D'Amour 4' Violina 2' Sptiz Flote old 4' Gemshorn 4' Flute Harmonique Chimes 8' Trompette new Sw to Gr 16', 8', 4' 8' Oboe Gr to Gr 16', 4' Tremulant Gr Unison Off Sw to Sw 16', 4' PEDAL Sw Unison Off 16' Subbass 16' Lieblich Gedeckt 8' Principal 8' Flute 8'Cello 4'Clarion Philipp Wirsching's signature appears near a seam of this pipe built in Sw to Ped 8', 4' 1885, two years before Wirsching left the firm of Carl Barckhoff to Gr to Ped 8' establish his own business in Salem, Ohio. The photograph was found in the late Cleveland Fisher's collection of color slides, and is not further identified. 30 MINUTES Council acted 'to form a committee under the Councillor for Finance and Development to assist in development matters including endow­ Annual Meeting ments and self-funding projects.' (m-Kent, s-Rosales, v-unanimous). Chicago, Illinois August 21, 1984 Individuals were suggested to serve on this committee. The meeting was called to order by the President at 8:30 a.m. Anne The Counselor for Conventions presented a proposal for 1989 for New Kazlauskas was appointed parliamentarian for the meeting. The secretary Orleans which was unanimously accepted by Council. He also sug­ read the minutes of the previous Annual Meeting. gested that a structural set of rules for the operation of conventions be The Treasurer, David Barnett, delivered his report which included a drafted and provided to convention committees in lieu of the current statement of condition indicating sufficient funds to meet the remainder of practice of simply providing suggestions. Council charged Raymond the fiscal year expenses, and that membership for the past year was Brunner, Steve Long, David Barnett and Alan Laufman with the over 1,650. The 1984-85 budget was presented to the body as responsibility of drafting these rules. prepared by the Council on the previous day. The entire report from Roy Redman submitted a proposal suggesting the need for sweeping the Treasurer was accented by the meeting. changes in the outlook of the OHS. He moved that 'we consider the Reports were received from the various Councillors covering their direction and aims of our organization by asking a committee to exam­ areas of direct concern. The report from the Executive Director ine our aims and purposes.' The motion was seconded by Kristin John­ generated a spontaneous round of applause for the efforts put forth son and passed but for one abstention. In the same vein but in a by him and especially for the efforts of the corps of volunteers which narrower scope the Long Range Planning Committee came up with the he coordinates. following goals after meeting in Worcester on July 16th: There was no new or old business considered at the meeting. 1) To move toward six issues per year of THE TRACKER with at least A congratulatory speech by Kurt Lueders was made to thank the one paid staff person to oversee the necessary production effort. OHS for its efforts in helping to save the organ at St. Denis on behalf 2) Increase membership to well over 2000. of the Association Aristide Cavaille-Coll. Convention guest Kurt 3) To enlarge our merchandising effort even beyond the limits of the Lueders is Vice-President of the !Mlassociation. current boost. The Parliamentarian reported that there were insufficient 4) To pursue fund raising both within and outside of our membership with much more than the current effort. members present to constitute a quorum, but that it was a moot point, The means for accomplishing these goals remains a discussion topic since there was no business at hand to conduct. Council members pledged to look into the matter in hopes of preventing a recurrence. for the group. The meeting adjourned at 9:30 a.m. Council unanimously passed a motion to 'authorize Bill Van Pelt to complete negotiations with Westminster Choir College for the place­ Respectfully submitted, ment of the archives, and to take the necessary steps to effect that James R. McFarland move.' (m-Redman, s-Kent). After the report from the Executive Director a budget was drawn up Council Meeting as follows: Chicago, Illinois August 20, 1984 ITEM INCOME ITEM EXPENSE The Meeting was called to order by the President at 10:00 a.m. The Membership 40,000 minutes of the Council Meeting of February 17, 1984 were 'approved as Gifts-Undesignated 350 distributed.' (m-Barnett, s-Johnson, V-unanimous). Present at the Gifts-The Tracker 700 meeting were David Barnett, Raymond Brunner, Dana Hull, Kristin Advertising-The Tracker 3,500 Johnson, Scott Kent, Stephen Long, Barbara Owen, Roy Redman, Interest-General 1,500 Manuel Rosales, James McFarland, and William Van Pelt. Conventions A great deal of time was spent with the Treasurer's Report because a E. M. Skinner book 8,000 5,200 new budget had to be drawn up at the meeting. In spite of the fact that Merchandise Sales­ such motions are not really necessary, the group was so impressed with Inclusive 15,000 12,000 the quality and completeness of the report that a motion was passed Slide/Tape Program 2,000 250 that 'we accept the Treasurer's report with thanks and great ap­ Special Funds-Inclusive preciation.' (m-Redman, s..Johnson, v-unanimous). The Tracker 16,000 At this point David Barnett and William Van Pelt again stated Extant Organs 100 (having done so in previous meetings) that without the volunteer help Historic Recitals 2,000 of the "official OHS computer services, treasurer's reports and other Historic Recognitions 400 such things would not be so complete or readily available. After some Archives 500 discussion, council unanimously adopted the following special Public Relations 5,000 resolution. Executive Director 21,500 Office and WHEREAS Mr. Gerald A. Saunders, Systems Analyst and OHS Administration 6,000 member of Richmond, Virginia Council Travel 2,000 1. Has provided OHS with unlimited access to time on his busi­ Chapter Newsletters 100 ness computer TOTALS: $71,050 $71,050 a) for all OHS membership records, b) for OHS accounting, including order processing, A motion was made by Scott Kent in the interest of tighening up c) for OHS research; recording procedures as follows: 'that the OHS contract for recording 2. Has provided development of special computer programs to services, annually soliciting proposals from qualified bidders for these meet OHS needs; and services, and that bids for these services will be submitted by January 3. Has provided consultation services since 1981; 10th and that the provider selected be advised of Council's decision by BE IT RESOLVED that the National Council of the OHS: March 10th, following the February Council Meeting.' Seconded by 1. Hereby recognizes this generous contribution with gratitude Barbara Owen, the motion passed but for two abstentions. Two ad­ and ditional motions by Mr. Kent with Barbara Owen's second and unan­ 2. Causes such commendation to be made known to the member­ imous council approval were: 'that all artists appearing on OHS records ship of the OHS. or cassettes receive one free copy of the items on which they perform;' and 'that the OHS Inc. prepare a royalty statement for mechanical Reports were received fromcouncil members and the following re­ royalties due publishers (Harry Fox Agency) and allocate funds for sultant council actions ensued: their payment.' Scott Kent was asked to attempt to secure a copy of one of the two The Date for the next meeting was set for Friday the 26th of October, known existing Chapter Charters, perhaps from Carolyn Fix, so that most likely in Newark, and it was mentioned that the subsequent they could be used as prototypes for printing the remainder. Mr. Kent meeting would be on February 15, 1985. The meeting adjourned at 5: 16 was also asked to implement a System of insuring that obligations p.m. concerning .mechanical royal ties were met because o( the release and Respectfully submitted, sale of OHS recordings involving copyrighted material. James R. McFarland 31 NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION U.S. POSTAGE THEJOURNAL OF THETRACI

Treasurer's Report October 31, 1984 I am pleased to report that the Society's books for the fiscal year Last Minute Last Minute ending September 30, 1984, indicate that our income exceeded our expenses by $11,757.40 after paying all bills received by that date. Our balance on deposit as of September 30, 1984, was $19,682.87, which includes the balances in the Biggs Fund, Skinner Book Fund, Barnes Fund, Harriman Fund, Development Fund, and Preservation Fund PHOTOGRAPHIC COPIES of the postcards listed totalling $5,927.60. on page 22 of this issue will be made avail­ Council adopted a balanced budget for 1984-85 totalling $71,050. I able to members for $3 each on an experi­ believe the estimates of both expenses and income are on the con­ mental basis to determine the demand for a servative side, and feel confident that we will finish the current fiscal year in about the same financial position as the year just closed. photographic copy service to be organized by The following is a summary of income and expenses, 1983-84: the Society. Please send orders and checks INCOME written to OHS to the attention of Bill Van Memberships $41,114.18 Pelt. Prints will be 3½ x 5 unless larger Mdse. orders 19,890.92 sizes are specified. Other sizes and prices Conventions 6,724.74 Gifts 5,575.04 are: 5 x 7 - $4; 8 x 10 - $6. The Tracker advertising 4,895.90 Slide/Tape program 2,181.54 Interest, discounts 2,050.78 MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL notices were mailed in Interest, special funds 513.72 Misc. 3.00 September, and more than 1,000 members have TOTAL INCOME $82,949.82 renewed at this time. If you have not, EXPENSES: please do so. We need your support! Members Executive Director $21,500.04 who have not renewed will receive one more Merchandise orders 10,997.01 issue of The Tracker before their subscrip­ The Tracker 10,284.38 Conventions 9,831.70 tions expire. Administration 7,598.40 Skinner book 3,201.12 Historic Organs Recitals 2,274.00 Public Relations 2,120.07 MARK YOUR 1985 CALENDAR now for the OHS Con­ National Council 1,667.95 vention to be held in Charleston, SC, June Archives 609.54 Slide/Tape Program 569.89 25-27. Nominations for the 1985 E. Power Historic Organs Recognitions 345.49 Biggs Fellows must reach committee chair E. Power Biggs Fellowships 160.83 Chapters 32.00 Julie Stephens by January 15. Her address TOT AL EXPENSES $71,192.42 appears on page 2. INCOME OVER EXPENSES $11,757.40 David M. Barnett, Treasurer DAVID DAHL'S stunning performance from the ..------·----- 1982 OHS National Convention held in the DONALD R. M. PATERSON Seattle area will be aired in its entirety University Organist and during the week of January 20 on Pipe Dreams Sage Chapel Choirmaster produced by Minnesota Public Radio and heard II University, Ithaca, New York on some eighty non-profit stations in the .._I ______... us