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Transform Rural India Dr.M.Usha Rani1, V.Akash2, D

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Transform Rural India Dr.M.Usha Rani1, V.Akash2, D JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131 Transform Rural India Dr.M.Usha Rani1, V.Akash2, D. Ajay Chakaraverthy3 Professor, Final Year Student, Department of Civil Engineering, R.M.K. Engineering College, Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected] Abstract— The current government, clearly seeing the opportunity to redress the skewed path of economic development for India has tipped the balance of energies towards the Indian villages through the introduction of two of the most publicised policies, the Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan (SBM) and the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY),.The initiatives taken by Government of India in which affordable housing will be provided to the rural poor with a target of building 20 million affordable houses by 31 March 2022. The Government, through the Ministry of Rural Development, has identified villages under the Gram Swaraj Abhiyan which can be benefitted immediately. Select a village of 10,000-20,000+ inhabitants that falls in this list and is geographically accessible to be studied in earnest. A thorough study of its facilities and drawbacks, will be an eye opener but will also provide the basis on which to propose the intervention. The process will require identification of atleast one unique feature of the village - structural or environmental, and one pressing architectural, planning or infrastructural issue, the solution is the basis for transformation. This paper focuses on the concept to provide low cost housing to the people who is much in need of a house and include facilities which are all needed in the township. Keywords— Housing, Villages, Design Criteria and Solution. I. INTRODUCTION A. GENERAL Despite having made massive leaps in development over the last decade or so, India still has a large number of people living in abject poverty, most of whom don’t have a house to call their own. The Indian government took up a serious step towards abolishing homelessness with the introduction of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana. This project, which was previously known as Housing for All, will provide a roof to over 20 million urban poor people by the year 2022. In order to do so, the Ministry of Housing and Rural Poverty Alleviation has set a route map and has also made clear the eligibility criteria a prospective applicant need to meet. In order to avail a house or financial reinforcements from the government, every applicant needs to meet the eligibility criteria set by the PMAY committee. Prospective applicants have been branched into six distinct groups such as Economically weaker section light income group, medium income group-1, medium income group-2, minorities, women and others. PMAY-g aims at providing a pucca house, with basic amenities, to all houseless householder and those households living in kutcha and dilapidated house, by 2022.The minimum size of the house has been increased to 25 sq.mt (from20sq.mt) with a hygienic cooking space. The aim is to select a site in which the people community really needs certain help for the betterment of their life. Ideally a green field site which frees up an existing incumbent government land, land parcels of the government which could be put to better and more efficient use will be even more beneficial. If the local governing body already has earmarked sites and areas for the PMAY-G, this would be ideal. B. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY To raise the standard of living of the people in rural area by developing low cost housing facility. To ensure that the poorer sections of urban India can live under a roof of their own. To provide financial support to people who can’t bear the entire cost of building a residential property. To offer houses to the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of the society. To bring both public and private sector together in a bid to improve the fate of the nation’s rural poor population. C. METHODOLOGY The Methodology of the project is as follows Site Selection Site Investigation Plan and Design Volume VI, Issue V, May/2019 Page No:2826 JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131 III SITE SELECTION After doing lots of research, finally decided to select a site at Karambayam. Karambayam is a village under Pattukottai Taluk in Thanjavur District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This village and the village surrounding them is highly affected by Gaja Cyclone during the period of November. Many people in this village lost their house. All people were highly affected in such a way that they couldn’t even full fill their basic needs themselves. So we decided this would be the right place to implement the project. We enquired the officials of that particular village for a real time government land at that particular place. And finally we were able to locate a land of about 2.5 acres. Karambayam Village, with population of 3539 is Pattukkottai sub district's the 12th most populous village, located in Pattukkottai sub district of Thanjavur district in the state Tamil Nadu in India. Total geographical area of Karambayam village is 6 km2 and it is the 28th biggest village by area in the sub district. Population density of the village is 558 persons per km2.Nearest town of the village is Pattukkottai. The village has its own post office and the pin code of Karambayam village is 614626. The village comes under Karambayam panchayat. Pattukkottai is the sub district head quarter and the distance from the village is 8 km. District head quarter of the village is Thanjavur which is 40 km away. As of 2011 census there are 1141 females per 1000 male in the village. There are 865 girls under 6 years of age per 1000 boys of the same age in the village.Total 2450 people in the village are literate, among them 1261 are male and 1189 are female. Literacy rate (children under 6 are excluded) of Karambayam is 76%. 85% of male and 69% of female population are literate here. The village is home to 3539 people, among them 1653 (47%) are male and 1886 (53%) are female. 72% of the whole population are from general caste, 28% are from schedule caste. Child (aged under 6 years) population of Karambayam village is 9%, among them 54% are boys and 46% are girls. There are 934 households in the village and an average 4 persons live in every family. Pattukkottai has a tropical climate. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in summer. The average temperature in Pattukkottai is 28.6 °C. About 1096 mm of precipitation falls annually. The Indian subcontinent has a history of devastating earthquakes but less compared to many other countries. The earthquake zoning map of India divides India into 4 seismic zones. Karambayam comes under zone 2.This region is liable to MSK VI or less and is classified as the Low Damage Risk Zone. The IS code assigns zone factor of 0.10 (maximum horizontal acceleration that can be experienced by a structure in this zone is 10% of gravitational acceleration) for Zone 2.No area of India is classed as Zone 1. Future changes in the classification system may or may not return this zone to use. The population of the village is 3539.The best transportation mode used here is bus. The proximity to the village is about 35 kilometers. The proximity to the taluk is about 10 kilometers. The main occupation of the men in the village is agriculture. The main occupation of the women in the village is agriculture and house wife. The type of crop for agriculture is Paddy, Groundnut, Coconut. It comes under gram panchayat. IV SITE INVESTIGATION First we located the site and all went to the site to measure the exact area of the land. The total area of the site is 2.5 acres. This area has a lot of important amenities near by needed for the development of the site. Some of the amenities are EB station. Cauvery integrated water scheme, Primary and higher secondary government school, Karambayam Bus stop. The EB substation is exactly to the right side of the site. This substation provides current facilities to Karambayam, Veppankkadu, Kilamangalam and some of the near by villages. Since there is substation very near by to the site drawing electrical cables and giving electrical supply to all house holds will be very much easy. A drinking water treatment plant is located at about 1 km from the site location. The water is obtained from river Cauvery. The water comes from trichy district through integrated pipe lines and the water is purified here at karambayam and is distributed to the near by places. So there is no scarcity of water in this place. This could be an added advantage to the implication of the project at this particular site. There is a primary government school exactly opposite to the site. There is also a higher secondary government school adjacent to the primary government school. Children in this particular housing can have easy access to the school. There is no need to walk a long way to learn. There is a bus stop exactly in front of the site. People can make use of this facility to access the near by villages such as Orathanadu, Kilamangalam,Veppankkadu and also to thanjavur district and pattukottai. More over the frequency of the buses are also high in this place. Severe Cyclonic Storm Gaja was the fifth named cyclone of the 2018 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. On November 11, the deep depression strengthened into a cyclonic storm, and was given the name Gaja by the IMD.
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