A Data Envelopment Analysis Study
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Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 7, 2020 PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY OF THE TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS OF A STATE UNIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES: A DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS STUDY Renato Espinoza Salcedo, Ph.D.1 Assistant Professor IV1, Pangasinan State University Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippines/[email protected] Received: 13.02.2020 Revised: 06.03.2020 Accepted: 03.04.2020 Abstract The performance efficiency of the Teacher Education Programs in seven campuses of the Pangasinan State University in terms of their intellectual capital (faculty and students) and governance (curriculum, administration, research and extension) from Academic Year 2012- 2013 to Academic Year 2014-2015 was determined through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This tool utilizes multiple input and output factors in measuring the comparative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs). Specifically, it sought to answer the following: performance efficiency of the Teacher Education Programs (TEPs); peer groups (reference for improvement) and weights (percentage to be adapted) by the TEPs; virtual inputs or outputs (potential improvements) of the TEPs to be in the efficient frontier; and the fully efficient TEPs with the best practices. Results of the study showed that the TEP of Bayambang Campus is “fully efficient” in all the performance indicators while the TEP of the Lingayen Campus is “fully efficient” in all indicators except in research. The TEPs of the rest of the Campuses (Binmaley, Infanta, San Carlos, Sta. Maria, and Urdaneta City) were found to be “fully efficient” in faculty, students, curriculum and administration. The TEPs consider the TEP of Bayambang Campus as their model for improvement while the percentages to be adapted by the TEPs for improvement vary from one Campus to another. Potential improvements in most of the TEPs are in research and extension. The TEP of the Bayambang Campus has the best practices in faculty, student, research and extension while Lingayen’s TEP has the best practice in curriculum and administration. Keywords: Performance Efficiency, Teacher Education, Data Envelopment Analysis © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.07.16 with the best practices in the different areas evaluated. In the INTRODUCTION interest of quality assurance, these best practices will serve as Tertiary education is rapidly shifting and quality assurance feedback so as to improve the performance of the TEPs of the mechanisms must change with it or it will become irrelevant (Ruiz University which are considered weak efficient. and Junio-Sabio, 2012). Thus, Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) must constantly find ways on how to improve its delivery of services. In the pursuit of quality, Sabio and Junio-Sabio (2014) state that higher education must manifest the characteristics of international dimension of exchange of knowledge, interactive networking, mobility of teachers and students, and international research projects without prejudice to national cultural values and conditions. Quality assurance, as Al Tobi and Duque (2015) put it, is generally described as a portion of the overall management function that governs and implements the quality policy or the intentions and directions of an organization. One way of instituting quality assurance is by determining the performance efficiency of an organization. According to Castaño (2007), an organization’s efficiency can be measured through the comparison of its performance with the standard of international best practice. Figure 1 presents the paradigm which serves as the framework used by the researcher in the conduct of the study. As can be seen from the illustration, the TEPs of Pangasinan State University Research Objective situated in the campuses of Bayambang, Binmaley, Infanta, This study sought to determine the performance efficiency of the Lingayen, San Carlos, Sta. Maria and Urdaneta provided the input Teacher Education Programs of Pangasinan State University for and output indicators coming from existing documents and the academic years 2011-2012 to 2014-2015 by using the Data reports. The inputs and the outputs are classified into two- Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The objectives of the study intellectual capital and governance. The first one has the following are as follows: determine the performance efficiency of the areas surveyed- faculty and students- while the latter includes the Teacher Education Programs of Pangasinan State University using areas of curriculum, administration, research and extension. DEA as to intellectual capital and governance; ascertain the peer These input and output indicators where then subjected to the groups (reference or model for improvement) and weights Data Envelopment Analysis to determine their performance (percentage to be adapted) of the Teacher Education Programs of efficiency. Furthermore, the results of the DEA presented the TEPs PSU; determine the virtual inputs or virtual outputs (potential Journal of critical reviews 96 PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY OF THE TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS OF A STATE UNIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES: A DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS STUDY improvements) of the Teacher Education Programs of PSU to be printed output of this study will be produced to be presented to in the efficient frontier; and based on the findings, identify the the school administration particularly those who are in-charge of fully efficient Teacher Education Programs in PSU operating with Teacher Education in the different campuses. This output will give the best practices. them empirical data on the status of the Teacher Education Programs for them to have a basis in developing plans of actions Scope and Delimitation for quality assurance. This study is limited to determining the performance efficiency of Teacher Education Programs in the seven campuses of Thus, through DEA, least performing units can adopt the best Pangasinan State University in the areas of intellectual capital practices of the best performing units in the areas of curriculum, (faculty and students) and governance (curriculum, administration, instruction, research, extension, and support to administration, research, and extension). students. In this way, the Teacher Education Program of the University will attain higher accreditation level in order for it to Similar Studies be recognized as a Center of Development or Center of Excellence Cuenca (2011) utilized Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in by the Commission on Higher Education (CHEd). determining the efficiency of selected state universities and colleges (SUCs) in the Philippines. She claimed that DEA appeared METHODOLOGIES to be the most appropriate method in dealing with decision The primary objective of this study is to determine the making units (DMUs) such as SUCs having multiple inputs and performance efficiency of the TEPs in the seven campuses offering outputs. A linear programming procedure, DEA gauges the teacher education in terms of two performance indicators, namely relative efficiency or inefficiency of homogenous set of DMUs. The intellectual capital and governance for the academic years 2012- following studies in the Ilocos Region present an example on how 2013, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. To assess the performance DEA was employed in determining the performance efficiency of efficiency of the TEPs, the researcher employed the non-statistical SUCs: and non-parametric approach called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Baldemor (2012) assessed the performance of the different colleges and institutes of a state university in La Union province Research Design through a descriptive-evaluative research design. Employing the This study utilized the descriptive-evaluative research design. It is Input Oriented Multi-Stage DEA Constant Returns-to-Scale (CRS) descriptive in the sense that it sought to present the current status Model and found out that none of the colleges or institutes in the of the Teacher Education Programs in seven campuses of government-run university could function as a model in efficiency Pangasinan State University in the areas of intellectual capital and in all performance indicators. governance. Further, it is considered as an evaluative as this study assessed the performance efficiency of the TEPs. Data were also In a regional study conducted by Albay (2014), Colleges of collected from existing documents culled from the TEPs of the Computer Science and/or Informational Technology in state campuses of the University subjected in this study. Thus, universities and colleges were assessed along their performance documentary analysis was also conducted. efficiency on two factors- intellectual capital which includes Data Collection and Text Preparation faculty and students and governance (curriculum, administration, The data needed for this study were taken from existing research, and extension) from A.Y. 2008-2009 to A.Y. 2010-2011. documents of the different campuses offering Teacher Education The study found out that CCS/CIT A, CCS/CIT B and CCS/CIT D are Programs in PSU such as Bayambang, Binmaley, Infanta, Lingayen, considered “fully efficient” in all the performance indicators while San Carlos, Sta. Maria and Urdaneta. These documents were CCS/CIT C is “fully efficient” in the areas of faculty, students, mainly taken from documents of the TEPs when they were curriculum, administration and research but “weak efficient” in subjected to