Arab Gas Pipeline

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Arab Gas Pipeline Oct 2004 The Arab Gas Pipeline Aims to transport and distribute Egyptian Natural gas to Jordan, Syria and Lebanon in its first phases. The project can be further expanded to allow Iraq and other Major gas producers in the region to export their natural gas to Europe, or even in the opposite direction through additional networks and loops thus forming the “Arab Gas Network”. Main Milestones for the Arab Gas Pipeline (December 2000) : Signature of the MOU between Egypt, Syria and Lebanon to construct the Arab Gas Pipeline (Jan. 2001) :Jordan joins the MOU. (June 2001) : Signature of Gas Sales Agreement between Egypt and Jordan (September 2001) : Arab Funding agents agree to finance the Project (September 2004) : Iraq joins the MOU. Arab Gas Pipeline Project ( AGP) Arab Gas Pipeline Phases: - Over all length= 1500 km Syrian - Nominal capacity: 10 BCM/Y /Turkish grid connection Turkey is the bridge to Europe ,There are excellent market opportunities for AGP Syria has Potential to play a role Lebanon: a Gas in export, and gas transit. importer Turkey Iraq Iraq: Large gas reserves. Egypt: Adequate gas reserves Jordan: a Gas importing for domestic demand, regional and transit country supply and export to Europe. Features of the Mashreq Gas Market Damiatta Port Said Stage I 248 km of 36" onshore pipeline and 16 km offshore completed in July 2003 Phase II 393 km, 36" completed and commissioned Fabruary of 2006. AGP complete phase 2 Responsibility : (Fajr Company) • completed and commissioned March of 2008 (35 million USD) SYRIANArab Gas Pipeline Phase III Via Syria /TURKISH NETWORK CONNECTI ON POINT 645 km and 36 in , From the Syrian /Jordanian Border up to Killis at Syrian/Turkish border and to Syrian/ Lebanon border, consists of two sections. Section I: from the Syrian/Jordanian border up to Al Rayan Gas Station about 320 km. And 80 km , 24 “ to Lebanon border. •Section II: from Homs up to KILIS at Turkish Border about 245 km Arab Gas Pipeline Phase III Via Syria SYRIAN /TURKISH NETWORK Part I 62km CONNECTI ON POINT Part II This Section Consists of: 183 km 245 km , 36in from Homs to Killis at Syrian/Turkish border . Arab Gas Pipeline Project - Phase III Section II - Via Syria PART I Kilis 62 km , 36” Status : tendering the closing date was 20th of Feb 2008. Aleppo • 3 offers were received and under evaluation up to the end of April 2008. • contract award and LC opening forecasted at the end of June , start up expected by end 2009. Homs •Finance will be secured through Arab Fund (AFESD) and Islamic development bank (ISDB). PART II from Homs to Aleppo Gas Station will be constructed and connected with the first section of Arab Gas Pipeline in accordance with the future requirements Future Phases Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, Romania Bulgaria, Hungary And Austria Have Signed A Declaration Of Intent Under The Patronage Of The European Commission To Study Extending The Arab Gas Pipeline To Europe By Linking the Arab Gas Pipeline With Nabucco Pipeline. Kilis – Turkoglu pipeline Length 94 km kilis Dia : 36 “ Arab Gas line pipes has already procured , the tendering of Pipeline the project construction is at the latest stage .
Recommended publications
  • The Future of the Eastern Mediterranean Region Natural Gas Alliances in the Aftermath of the Arab Spring
    The future of the Eastern Mediterranean region natural gas alliances in the aftermath of the Arab Spring Valeria Barbi, FEEM (Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei), +39 349 49 05 913, [email protected] Overview For a concrete perspective on geopolitical trends in the aftermath of the Arab Spring, it’s important to look at the Mediterranean area through the lens of the natural gas trade. On March 12th, Egypt’s Parliament voted unanimously to cut diplomatic ties with Israel. The motion of the Maglis al-Shaab , Egypt’s lower house, calls for an halt in the export of natural gas to Israel. In fact, since 2008, Mubarak’s Egypt has supplied Israel with gas through a 100km undersea artery of the Arab Gas Pipeline (AGP), between El-Arish and a gas import facility on Israel’s Mediterranean coast. Then, with Hosni Mubarak gone, the pipeline which exported around 40 percent of Israel’s gas consumption, has been blown up by militants in Sinai five times sending energy prices in Israel skyrocketing. Although the Arab Spring has been an important determinant on this, other prior developments or related consequences have been important factors in the growing isolation of Israel and in changing the geopolitical assets of the area with further effects also for the EU and the entire region’s gas market. In January 2009, Israeli oil company Delek, and U.S. Noble Energy Company, discovered off the coast of Haifa a large natural reservoir known as Tamar , which is estimated to hold 8 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of gas. Then, early in 2010, another offshore gas field, called Leviathan , with a potential of 16 tcf of gas, was discovered.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Fuels in Jordan “Facts and Achievements”
    Fossil Fuels in Jordan “Facts and Achievements” ESCWA Fossil Fuels Experts Team Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources / Jordan Beirut / December 2018 Jordan Energy Strategy for 2015-2025 The energy strategy for 2015-2025 was formulated and approved in order to face the energy sector challenges through achieving the following main goals: ❖ Diversification of energy forms from local sources by: ✓ Increase local energy portion in total energy mix such as Oil Shale( >70 billion ton of surface reserve), Uranium for nuclear energy (> 65,000 ton of reserve) , Solid Waste and Renewable Energy sources (Wind and Solar). ❖ Continue the Conventional Oil and Gas exploration program. ❖ Decrease dependency on imported energy ❖ Raise Energy Consumption Efficiency Jordan Energy Strategy for 2015-2025 (Cont’d) ❖ Enhancing the Environment Protection in energy projects and establishing the proper relative regulations. ❖ Enhance Regional Connectivity for energy as Jordan is considered to be a hub and transit country for linking oil , gas and electricity networks among the region ❖ Formulating the legal and regulatory frameworks for the energy sector ❖ Achieve the security of supply of oil derivatives and natural gas for 2015-2025. ❖ CO2 emissions: Jordan is a Non Annex 1 country in the Kyoto Agreement and strongly committed to mitigate climate change impacts according to Paris Agreement, it has no implications on the greenhouse gas emissions and can benefit from Carbon credits. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Energy Challenges in Jordan Major current challenges encountering the energy sector in Jordan: ✓ High dependence on imported fuel (97%) ✓ Limited domestic energy sources ✓ National Budget Stress ✓ High Capital needed for sustainable and energy investment projects by foreign investments.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a New Eastern Mediterranean Energy Corridor?
    The rise of Turkey and the new Mediterranean Research programme TOWARDS A NEW EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ENERGY CORRIDOR? Natural gas developments between market opportunities and geopolitical risks by Simone Tagliapietra (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei) Keywords: Eastern Mediterranean / Natural gas / Energy geopolitics / Turkey / Israel / Egypt / Cyprus / Lebanon / European Union / Security of Gas Supply / Energy security / The rise of Turkey and the new Mediterranean Research programme Introduction The politics and economics of eastern Mediterranean energy are rapidly changing. The political transition in Egypt after the Arab Spring, the civil war in Syria, the emergence of Turkey as leading regional power, the tensions between Israel and Gaza, the repeated strains between Turkey and Israel and the never-ending dispute between Turkey and the Republic of Cyprus are -all together- reshuffling the regional geopolitical equilibrium. At the same time natural gas findings are flourishing in the offshore of Egypt, Israel, and Cyprus, reshaping the regional energy map and rapidly making the eastern Mediterranean a world-class natural gas province. These geopolitical and energy pressures are rapidly converging, generating a number of new challenges and opportunities for each player in the region. The aim of this paper is to provide a wide framework of understanding of this situation, through the lens of natural gas geopolitics. To this end, the paper will first provide an overview on the eastern Mediterranean natural gas market, also illustrating the most important project of natural gas cooperation ever attempted in the region: the Arab Gas Network. Secondly, the paper will describe how the recent unilateral halt of Egyptian gas supplies to Israel and the interruption of the Arab Gas Pipeline in the aftermath of the Arab Spring ended the expectations of regional gas cooperation embodied by the Arab Gas Network project.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordanian Gas Transmission Pipeline Project
    JordanianJordanian GasGas TransmissionTransmission PipelinePipeline ProjectProject (Phase(Phase 22 ofof ArabArab GasGas PipelinePipeline Project)Project) Eng. Marwan AL-Baka’in Natural Gas Department Director Ministry of Energy &Mineral Resources Focus on the Euro-Mashreq Gas Market Seminar Damascus ,19th 2008 Arab Gas pipeline In early 2001 the Governments of Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon signed a Memorandum of Understanding to establish the Arab Gas Pipeline network and agreed that the routing of the pipeline should be Al-Arish – Taba – Aqaba – Amman – Damascus – Homs, and then to Lebanon , Turkey and Europe. The pipeline will be 36” diameter with an ultimate capacity of 10 bcm/yr to allow for development of regional markets TurkeyTURKEY PROJECT SYRIA STAGES BANIAS HOMS ArabArabCYBRUS Gas Gas Pipeline Pipeline Phases: Phases: Third Stage -- OverOver all all length= length= 1500 1500 km km Third Stage - Nominal capacity: 10 BCM/Y Tripoli Rehab-Damascus - Nominal capacity: 10 BCM/Y Damascus-Homs - Turkey Lebanon /Lebanon Border DAMASCUS Second Stage REHAB (36’ , 393km) AMMAN Aqaba/Rehab Arish BORSAED First Stage JORDAN First Stage (36”,265km) Seana EGYPT Aresh/Taba/Aqaba CAIRO Tabaa AQABA Jordanian Gas Transmission Pipeline The Frame Agreement for the Sale and Transportation of Natural Gas from the Arab Republic of Egypt to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was signed in June 2001 The contract was for 30 years (extendable up to 40 years) and included: ¾price. ¾minimum purchase quantities. ¾outline terms for gas purchase The agreement set out the obligations of the Governments of Egypt and Jordan for the supply and purchase of gas, and for the construction of the necessary infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • Decision-Making for Supplying Energy Projects: a Four-Dimensional Model
    Decision-making for supplying energy projects: A four-dimensional model Karen Smith Stegen & Martin Palovic a This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Energy Conversion and Management. To cite: Smith Stegen, K., & Palovic, M. (2014). Decision-making for supplying energy projects: A four- dimensional model. Energy Conversion and Management, 86 , 644-652. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.06.020 [Top of page 644] Abstract Importing states and regions employ myriad strategies to enhance energy security, from stockpiling to diversification to efficiency programs. As has occurred in recent years, importers can seek diversification by initiating pipeline and liquefied natural gas projects, meaning they may also have to select suppliers. However, most extant pipeline evaluation models erroneously assume suppliers are known and thus neglect supplier selection. We propose a decision-making tool to augment these older models: a systematic and replicable four-dimensional model to help policymakers and managers identify suitable suppliers and prioritize the best courses of action for overcoming obstacles. The first three dimensions— timeframe, supply availability and infrastructure constraints—filter out unsuitable suppliers. The fourth dimension then assesses the political, geopolitical and commercial stability of the remaining candidates. To demonstrate the model in practice, we assess the original Nabucco pipeline proposal, which was designed to transport gas from the Caspian and Middle East regions to Europe. Keywords: Strategic planning; Resource supply; Natural gas; Pipelines; Geopolitical analysis; Nabucco pipeline 1. Introduction Importing states and regions employ myriad strategies to enhance energy security, from stockpiling to diversification to efficiency programs.1 Some natural gas importers pursue greater “independence” by promoting the exploration and production of indigenous gas, including shale gas.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy in the Eastern Mediterranean: Promise Or Peril?
    ENERGY IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN: PROMISE OR PERIL? EGMONT PAPER 65 ENERGY IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN: PROMISE OR PERIL? Joint Report by the Egmont Institute and the Atlantic Council Sami ANDOURA and David KORANYI (EDS.) May 2014 The Egmont Papers are published by Academia Press for Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations. Founded in 1947 by eminent Belgian political leaders, Egmont is an independent think-tank based in Brussels. Its interdisciplinary research is conducted in a spirit of total academic freedom. A platform of quality information, a forum for debate and analysis, a melting pot of ideas in the field of international politics, Egmont’s ambition – through its publications, seminars and recommendations – is to make a useful contribution to the decision-making process. President: Viscount Etienne DAVIGNON Director-General: Marc OTTE Series Editor: Prof. Dr. Sven BISCOP Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations Address Naamsestraat / Rue de Namur 69, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Phone 00-32-(0)2.223.41.14 Fax 00-32-(0)2.223.41.16 E-mail [email protected] Website www.egmontinstitute.be © Academia Press Eekhout 2 9000 Gent Tel. 09/233 80 88 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.academiapress.be All authors write in a personal capacity. Lay-out: proxessmaes.be ISBN 978 90 382 2376 6 D/2014/4804/162 U 2237 NUR1 754 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordan and the Solar Economy
    THE INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST STUDIES IMES CAPSTONE PAPER SERIES JORDAN & THE SOLAR ECONOMY MATTHEW S. CALARDO MAY 2015 THE INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST STUDIES THE ELLIOTT SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY © MATTHEW CALARDO, 2015 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 2 Introduction 3 Methodology 6 The Master Strategy of Energy in Jordan 10 Oil Shale 13 Natural Gas 19 Nuclear 25 Introducing Solar Energy 27 The Current State of Solar Energy in Jordan 30 Jordan’s Energy Crisis & the Solar Economy 35 The Obstacles 38 Moving Towards an Economy Based on Solar 46 Appendix 52 Bibliography 60 1 Acknowledgements I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to everyone who made this project possible. My adviser, Maysam Ali, deserves particular recognition for her invaluable insight, guidance, and flexibility. I would also like to thank my employer and mentor, Ambassador Edward W. “Skip” Gnehm Jr., both for his willingness to connect me with the right people halfway around the world and his daily leadership through example. Additionally, Dr. Shana Marshall deserves credit for her thoughtful suggestions and patience in entertaining my daily inquiries at GWU’s Institute for Middle East Studies. I owe a great deal to the kind, intelligent, and hospitable people of Jordan on whose efforts and expertise this project relies. To all who agreed to be interviewed and to my dear friends who served as guides throughout every corner of the country—thank you for showing me the beauty and strength of Jordan. Lastly, nothing in life would be possible without the love of my friends, my family, and my girlfriend.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Gas Discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean
    Natural Gas Discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean Michael Ratner Acting Section Research Manager August 15, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44591 Natural Gas Discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean Summary Since 2009, a series of large natural gas discoveries in the Levant Basin have altered the dynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean region. Israel’s discovery of the Tamar Field and subsequent discovery of the larger Leviathan Field created the potential for the country to become a regional player in the natural gas market. Since the initial Israeli discoveries, Cyprus and Egypt have also found new gas deposits in the Mediterranean. The Aphrodite Field was discovered by U.S. firm Noble Energy in Cypriot waters in late 2011 and the massive Zohr Field was found in Egyptian waters by Italian firm Eni in 2015.These discoveries create the potential for Cyprus to export gas and for Egypt to meet more of its domestic gas needs. Lebanon has not yet discovered recoverable gas reserves, but geologic data indicates that there is the potential for Lebanon to possess significant gas resources. Israeli gas discoveries have been contested by Lebanon, which disputes an area of about 300 square miles along the countries’ unsettled maritime border. The Administration has sought to mediate the maritime dispute between Israel and Lebanon. New gas reserves could change how energy is used in the region. Since the Tamar find, Israel’s electricity energy mix has begun to shift from oil to natural gas-fired power plants. Gas-fired plants emit less carbon than oil-fired plants, and continuing to convert oil plants could help Israel meet long-term carbon emissions goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Gas Prospects in Egypt, the East Mediterranean and North Africa* IGU Executive Committee Workshop Cairo, 19 April 2018
    Natural Gas Prospects in Egypt, the East Mediterranean and North Africa* IGU Executive Committee Workshop Cairo, 19 April 2018 1. The evolving nature of natural gas in Euro-Mediterranean relations 1.1 Features and prospects of the energy landscape in the Mediterranean - Mediterranean countries account for 7% of the world’s primary energy demand. The latter is expected to grow substantially over the next 25 years spurred by sustained population (+105 million compared to 2013) and economic growth (+2.3% per year on average) in the region1. - According to OME, final energy consumption would double by 2040 in the South Mediterranean countries and electricity consumption would triple, notably on account of the increase of air conditioning and new electrical appliances. Carbon dioxide emissions would increase by 45% for the whole region and more than double in the South Mediterranean. - The Energy transition Scenario, developed by MEDENER and OME, assumes the implementation of those measures that are currently the most technically, economically, and politically mature for large- scale rollout of the energy efficiency and renewable energies. Compared to the business-as-usual scenario, the transition scenario would lead to a sizeable reduction in primary energy demand (-30%) and final energy consumption (-23%), a substantial increase of the share of renewables in the energy mix, mainly solar and wind (27% in 2040), and a decrease in CHG emissions of 38%. - Expected trajectories for energy demand are very contrasted in the Mediterranean: o Northern Mediterranean countries have embarked upon a transition path with substantial levels of renewables and effective demand-side management. The energy demand has indeed decreased by 4% since 2010, to be put in relation with low population growth (+0.5) and decreasing GDP (-2%).
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Gas in the Republic of Iraq
    The Geopolitics of Natural Gas Natural Gas in the Republic of Iraq Harvard University’s Belfer Center and Rice University’s Baker Institute Center for Energy Studies November 2013 JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RICE UNIVERSITY NATURAL GAS IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRAQ BY LUAY J. AL–KHATTEEB EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND FOUNDER IRAQ ENERGY INSTITUTE NOVEMBER 18, 2013 Natural Gas in the Republic of Iraq THESE PAPERS WERE WRITTEN BY A RESEARCHER (OR RESEARCHERS) WHO PARTICIPATED IN A BAKER INSTITUTE RESEARCH PROJECT. WHEREVER FEASIBLE, THESE PAPERS ARE REVIEWED BY OUTSIDE EXPERTS BEFORE THEY ARE RELEASED. HOWEVER, THE RESEARCH AND VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THESE PAPERS ARE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHER(S), AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY. © 2013 BY THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY THIS MATERIAL MAY BE QUOTED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION, PROVIDED APPROPRIATE CREDIT IS GIVEN TO THE AUTHOR AND THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY. 2 Natural Gas in the Republic of Iraq Acknowledgments The Center for Energy Studies of Rice University’s Baker Institute would like to thank ConocoPhillips and the sponsors of the Baker Institute Center for Energy Studies for their generous support of this program. The Center for Energy Studies further acknowledges the contributions by study researchers and writers. Energy Forum Members Advisory Board Associate Members Accenture Direct Energy The Honorable & Mrs. Hushang Ansary Hess Corporation Baker Botts L.L.P. Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co. LLC Baker Hughes Incorporated Members BP California Energy Commission Afren Resources USA Cheniere Energy, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Natural Gas Extraction in the Middle East
    Vol.IV(LXVII) 31 - 40 Economic Insights – Trends and Challenges No. 1/2015 The Development of Natural Gas Extraction in the Middle East Haidar Ali Mohammed Al Dulaimi Lecturer, Ph.D., Lecturer, Ph.D., College of Economics & Administration, Babylon University, Iraq e-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this article I try to present the situation of gas international market and also the role played by the Middle East region on this market that has a high potential of production and export. The largest gas reserves are in the Middle East region but they are not developed due to difficult technical conditions, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of needed funds and investments. But the main problem is represented by great political and military tensions existing in the region which has a long negative tradition in maintaining and fueling a conflictual situation mirrored by successive wars and military conflicts. One can see a permanent confrontation between major local powers and between major world powers which create high obstacles to social and economic progress. In my opinion democracy and cooperation are the only viable alternatives based on a new vision upon international political and economic relations. It is extremely important that great powers like USA, EU, China to be more involved in this region in order to provide enough economic, financial and technological support for developing gas projects, which may contribute to regional political stability and to the acceleration of Middle East economic development. Keywords: gas; reserve; supply; demand; consumption; pipeline; LNG; investment; project JEL Classification: D 43, F 43, F 44, L 13, O 13, Q 31 World Gas Reserves, Production and Consumption in 2013 In the Table 1 I present the situation of gas reserves (proven), production and consumption in 2013 in the main areas and in the main countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications of Egypt's Turmoil on Global Oil and Natural Gas Supply
    Implications of Egypt’s Turmoil on Global Oil and Natural Gas Supply Michael Ratner Analyst in Energy Policy May 4, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41632 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Implications of Egypt’s Turmoil on Global Oil and Natural Gas Supply Summary The change in Egypt’s government will likely not have a significant direct impact on the global oil and natural gas markets. There may be some short-term movements in price, mostly caused by perceived instability in the marketplace, but these would most likely be temporary. However, prolonged instability that raises the specter of spreading to other oil and natural gas producers in the region would likely add to upward price pressures. Although Egypt is considered an energy producer or net exporter overall, its oil and natural gas exports are not large enough to affect regional or global prices. The most serious impact would be on regional recipients of its natural gas exports. Egypt’s main influence on energy markets is its control of the Suez Canal and the Suez- Mediterranean oil pipeline (SUMED). The current low utilization of these two pieces of infrastructure would likely limit any effect of their closure in the near term. Both the oil and natural gas industry would, over time, find alternative routes to circumvent the canal and pipeline if necessary. Congressional Research Service Implications of Egypt’s Turmoil on Global Oil and Natural Gas Supply Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]