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Thesis and Defense Approval Form ii NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES FACULTY OF ENGLISH STUDIES THESIS AND DEFENSE APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have read the following thesis, examined the defense, are satisfied with the overall exam performance, and recommend the thesis to the Faculty of Languages for acceptance: Thesis Title: The Play of Carnivalesque: A Dialogic Study of Lionel Shriver’s We Need to Talk about Kevin and DBC Pierre’s Vernon God Little Submitted By: NighatZaitoon Registration#:1173-MPhil/Eng-Lit Master of Philosophy English Literature Prof. Dr. Sibghat Ullah Khan Name of Research Supervisor Signature of Research Supervisor Prof. Dr. Muhammad SafeerAwan Name of Dean (Faculty of English Studies) Signature of Dean (FoS) Brig. Muhammad Ibrahim Name of DG Signature ofDG Date 3 iii CANDIDATE DECLARATION FORM I Nighat Zaitoon Daughter of Malik Mohammad Anwer Awan Registration # 1173-M.Phil/Eng-Lit 2016(Feb) Discipline English Literature Candidate of Master of Philosophy at the National University of Modern Languages do hereby declare that the thesis The Play of Carnivalesque: A Dialogic Study of Lionel Shriver’s We Need to Talk about Kevin and DBC Pierre’s Vernon God Little submitted by me in partial fulfillment of MPhil degree, is my original work, and has not been submitted or published earlier. I also solemnly declare that it shall not, in future, be submitted by me for obtaining any other degree from this or any other university or institution. I also understand that if evidence of plagiarism is found in my thesis/dissertation at any stage, even after the award of a degree, the work may be cancelled and the degree revoked. Signature of Candidate Date Nighat Zaitoon Name of Candidate 4 iv The play of Carnivalesque: A Dialogic Study of Lionel Shriver’s We Need to Talk about Kevin and DBC Pierre’s Vernon God Little Abstract This research project investigates Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism in Lionel Shriver’s novel We Need to Talk about Kevin and DBC Pierre’s novel Vernon God Little. The common thread of plot that runs across the texts is the incidence of mass murder by a juvenile school boy at school premises. Both the novels We Need to Talk about Kevin and Vernon God Little provide plenty of space to discuss Bakhtinian intertextuality, polyphony, heteroglossia and carnivalesque within the individual text of a novel as well as across the novels. The main argument of the study is that there is diversity of dialogue in socio-cultural, psychological and narrative realms of these novels. The narrative before the mass murder comprises a rhythmic polyphony that originates as low vibes of thought and action, gradually gathers momentum, and finally turns to a screaming noise of the crime-scene situation created by the protagonist. There are ripples of intense voices that sneak into some unusual facets of human nature or society. For instance, an unusual bonding between a loveless mother, Eva Kutchadourian, and an A-normative son, Kevin, in Lionel Shriver’s novel We Need to Talk About Kevin develops a unique dialogic world. In the same way, DBC Pierre’s novel Vernon God Little comprises heteroglossia of narratives between convicted innocent and the real mass murderer. The intersection of these dialogic perspectives across the selected novels seems to decode the larger scenario of ongoing dialogic relationships in American society. The research method used in the project is textual analysis. The study is likely to be a significant edition in the production of knowledge in the field of Michael Bakhtin’s Dialogism. vii Acknowledgement I shall be telling with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one less travelled by, And that has made all the difference. (Robert Frost) I owe eternal feelings of gratitude to Allah the Almighty, the Most Merciful for enabling me to accomplish my dissertation. I am humbled to think of the kind people around me who have lived through the hard times with me. I don’t find words to be able to show my indebtedness to my worthy supervisor Professor Dr. Sibghat Ullah who inspired me to write and guided me generously at every step of my write up. He has been determined to keep track of the quality of my work from topic selection to conclusion. It has been a zealous endeavor because of his passionate patience for my mistakes. It is because of his mentoring that I find passion for research rooted deep in me. Today I am able to look back at the working period of this paper as an academic bliss and the quality of thesis gives me vibes of accomplishing a unique dissertation due to respected Sir Sibghat Ullah’s inspiring input. I am thankful to all my teachers who taught me during course work and blessed me with their precious learning and knowledge. I feel indebted to the brilliant fellow scholars and friends for the memorable classroom environment. Every academic achievement begins at home first and nourishes at the academic institution. I wish I could show enough gratitude to my loving husband Amjad Hussain for sharing all the hard times with me. He has been a bounteous resource of manual help, emotional strength, technical back up, guideline and cozy discussion on my thesis work. Restoring the cliché, it was really not possible without his compassionate help. Lastly I remember all those who are not visible in the current scenario but who lived their lives to make me live this moment of accomplishment and bliss. My parents must be happy to see this fruit of their love labour. I owe thanks to my sisters Fouzia and Jamila because they inspire me to leave footprints to follow. Ahmad Jamal, my brother, who always looks up to me, to enable me to go ahead, in every situation. viii Dedication I would dedicate this moment of satisfaction to some faces, shadows and stones. To all those faces who bring hope, light and joy to my life….. To all those shadows who shelter me…… To the stones engraved with the names of my beloved parents….. To my siblings…Jamila, Fouzia and Ahmad To my loving husband Amjad Hussain To my mentor Professor Dr. Sibghat Ullah And To my parents Mr and Mrs Mohammad Anwer Awan(Late) v TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter No. Page No. THESIS AND DEFENSE APPROVAL FORM …………………….……………. ii CANDIDATE DECLARATION FORM ………………………………................. iii ABSTRACT ……….………………………………………………………………... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.……….………………………………….……………….. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………….……...…...…. vii DEDICATION ………………………………….…………………….………...…. viii INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1 1.1 Locating Shootout Literature .................................................................... 8 1.2 The Situatedness of the Researcher and the Research ............................ 11 1.3 Delimitation ............................................................................................ 12 1.4 Thesis Statement ..................................................................................... 12 1.5 Research Questions ................................................................................. 12 1.6 Research Plan .......................................................................................... 13 1.7 Significance of the Study ........................................................................ 14 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................... 15 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 15 2.2 Review of the Sources ............................................................................ 15 2.3 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 32 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................... 33 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 33 3.2 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................... 33 3.3 Research Methodology ........................................................................... 38 3.4 Textual Analysis as Research Method .................................................... 39 3.5 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 42 A DIALOGIC STUDY OF SILENCE IN LIONEL SHRIVER’S WE NEED TO TALK ABOUT KEVIN .............. 43 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 43 4.2 Listening to the Voices ........................................................................... 44 4.3 Heteroglossia........................................................................................... 48 4.4 Let’s Play William Tell ........................................................................... 52 vi 4.5 Mumsey…the Mommy’s Monster ........................................................... 55 4.6 Celia’s Glass Eye .................................................................................... 60 4.7 Thursday Carnival in Archery ................................................................ 62 4.8 Unmasking the Shooter ........................................................................... 64 4.9 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 67 IN THE PRESENCE OF DEATH: A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF DBC PIERRE’S VERNON GOD LITTLE .. 68 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................
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