1921. CONGRESSIONAL· RECOEIJ-HOUSE'. 3607

Surg. Benjamin W. B1·own to be senior surgeon in nlaca of HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES:. Senior Surg. Fairfax; Irwih, placed' on. waiting orders, effective· l\Iarch 3, 1921. TUESDAY, July 1~, 19~1. Surg. CharH~s H. Gardner to be senior surgeon.. in place of Senior Surg. Charles E. Banks, placed on waiting orders, effec­ The Honse. met at 11 o'clock a. m; The Chaplain, Rev. J'ames Shera Montgomery, D. D:, offered th·e March 5, 1921. tJ.1e following prayer : The following-named assistant surgeons· to be. passed assist­ ant surgeons in the Public Health Service, to rank as such Dear- Lord, b~ess our lives with· good thoughts, happy words, from the dates set opposite tlieir names-·: and cheerful hopes. So shall our pathway be likened unto the Richey L. Waugh, March 2-3, 1921. way ot the just. Le.t us feel that we ane not making the. Ralph C. Williams, March 28, 192!. journey alone. We do not ask for great things, but help- us in DEPARTMENT OR JUSTICE. ' the little needs and secret longings that so often :fill our breasts. May Thy will, which bids the weak. be strong and the strong UNITED STATES ATTO.RNEY<. be good, be done. wherever man is· found. Then shalt we feel Andr.ew B .. Dunsmore, of Pennsylvania, to be United States that the earth shall soon be tilled witti righteousness, happi­ attorney, middle district of Pennsylvania, vice Rogers L. ness, and peace. Through ~sus- Christ, our Lord. Amen. Burnett, resigned. The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap­ DEPARTME ..,T OF THE fN'IEBIOR. proved. REGISTER OF TErE ~D OFFICE. RULE FOR CO.lliJIDElU.TION 0Ji1 T.ABIFF BILL. liss Nemecia Ascarate, of Las Cl~uces, N~ Mex., to be register Mrt; CAMPBELL of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, I submit a nrivi­ of the land office at Las Cruces, N.Mex., vice John. h Rurnside-, leged report from the~ Committee on Rulesf which lJ sendJ to the resigned. desk and ask· to have read; · UNITED STATES CGAS'I' AND GEODETIC SURVEY'. l\fr. GARRETT. of Tennessee: Mr. Spea.ken, I think we ought Joseph Murray Smook, of New York, to be aid in the United­ to have a quorum present to consider this rule, and I make the States· Coast and Geodetic Surve3ll, with relative rank of ensign point of order tliat there is no quorum· present. in the Navy, vice.· L. M~ Zeskind: promoted. Tlie · SPE.AKEJ;l.. ThE£ gentleman from Tennessee makes the PROMOTIONS IN THE RE

That said specified amendments shall take precedence . of committee Mr. BURTON. What is the interpretation of the language amendments to other paragraphs. That clause 3 of Rule XXI shall not apply to committee amend- used in line 13 and part of line 14 on the first page: ments. · Thereafter the bill shall be considered for amendment under the That consideration of the bill for amendment shall continue until five-minute rule. Thursday, July 21, at 3 o'clock, at which time the bill with all amendments that shall pave been adopted by the Committee of the Does that mean that an amendment other than the two cla es Whole shall be reported to the House, whereupon the previous question o~ preferred amendments can be offered to any paragraph of the shall be considered as ordered on the bill and all amendments to final passage without intervening motion except one motion to recommit. bill, or must it be confined to that part of the bill which is read A separate vote may be had on amendments relating to the para­ in the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the graphs enumerated above irrespective of their adoption or rejection Union? in the Committee of the Whole, and the vote on all other amendments shall be taken in gross. Mr. CAl.VlPBELL of Kansas. Answering the gentleman from That during the consideration of the bill (H. R. 7456) the daily Ohio, the Committee on Ways and Means, and any gentleman hour of meeting shall be at 11 o'clock antemeridian. offering any one of these separate paragraphs, may offer it at That said bill shall be the continuing order until its consideration in is concluded, subject only to conference reports, privileged matters on any time or at any place the bill, but all other amendments the Speaker's table, and reports from the Committee on Rules. must be to the paragraph which is read and must be germane to That until July 28 all Members shall have leave to extend their that paragraph. own remarks on the bill in the RECORD. • Mr. ASWELL. Will the gentleman yield for a question? With the following committee amendments: 1\fr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. How much time have I used? Line 16, page 1. and lines 1, 2. and 3, page 2. strike out the following The SPEAKER. Ten minutes. language: " that part of paragraph 26 beginning on page 11, line 21, Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I reserve the remainder of ·my after the word ' pound ' and endwg with the period on page 12, line time and yield 30 minutes to the gentleman from Tennessee 21 and" [Mr. GARRETT]. Line 10, page 2, after the word " o'clock," insert the word "post­ merfdian." Line 20, page 2, after the word "gross," insert "except Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. l\Ir. Speaker [applause on the when a separate vote is requested by the Ways and Means Committee on Democratic side], I ask to be notified when I have used five an amendment offered by said committee." minutes. Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. 1\fr. 'speaker, in •preparing this Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from Kansas [1\lr. CAMPBELL] rule and bringing it to the House we have followed the prece­ stated in opening his remarks that in preparing this rule the uents and traditions of the House in the consideration of tariff committee had followed the precedents with regard to tariff bills. Indeed, in the preparation of this rule we have liberalized bills. The committee has followed Republican precedents but the former rules upon revenue or tariff measures. The rule pro­ it has not followed Democratic precedents. Democratic prece­ vides that in the furtha· consideration of the bill general debate dents are that tariff and revenue bills, the most important shall continue until the committee rises on Thursday of this bills that affect the life of the Nation, are left open for the week. On Friday morning the bill shall be considered for offering of amendments. This rule will not perform that func­ amendment under the 5-minute rule. The Committee on Ways tion. The only way that I can comprehend a person defending and Means will have a number of amendments which it may this rule and keeping a straight face throughout the time of offer at any place in the bill and at any time. Provision is made his effort is by his recalling the bill that it is intended to for the offering of as amendments five separate paragraphs in expedite the passage of, because there is harmony in their re­ the bill, thus providing for a vote on hides, oil, dyestuffs, cotton, spective infamies. This rule was not drawn by novices. The and asphalt. Whether the vote upon these five separate para­ gentleman from Ohio [l\fr. BuRTON] asked a very pertinent graphs in the Committee of the Whole shall in effect strike out question when he asked the construction of the language in the paragraph or leave the paragraph in, there may be a. vote in lines 13 and 14, page 1, "thereafter the bill shall be considered the House on any one of t;hese measures, sustaining the Com­ by amendment under the 5-minute rule," and it was explained mittee of the Whole in leaving the item in as it is, or in striking to him that it meant if he wished to offer an amendment that it out, or in refusing to put it in. This, notwithstanding the he would have to wait until the section is reached in regular previous question, operates so far as the offering of amendments reading while the Committee on Ways and Means can step in is concerned, and so far as debate is concerned. When the bill at any time. is reported to the Hou e, if amendments on these five paragraphs I think I can assure the gentleman from Ohio now that if are offered, they may be voted on in the House. he has any amendment in mind the opportunity is not likely Mr. BEGG. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? to come to him to offer it. We know how these rules are Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. For a question. administered. This is practically the same -as the one under l\Ir. BEGG. Will the gentleman please explain the la:st part which the Payne bill was passed, the Dingley bill was passed, of lines 17, 18, 19, and 20, on page 2, with the committee amend­ and the McKinley bill was passed. What is going to happen ment. is that the seven days from next Thursday until the following l\lr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. The vote on amendments other Thursday, on which this bill is to be considered for amendment, than those which I have specified shall be in gross, except as will be taken up by the offering of committee amendments and provided in the rule. The Committee on Ways and Means may the few schedules specifically mentioned, and the gentleman offer amendments notwithstanding clause 3 of Rule XXI. This from Ohio will never hear a complete reading of this bill under

contin()'ency0 might arise: If it were agreed in the committee and the 5-minute rule, or anything that will approach a complete in the House that a duty should be placed on hides, then the reading of the bill under the 5--minute rule. Not only that, Committee on Ways and Means might offer a compensating duty but this rule, if adopted, causes the House to confer upon the on leather. Upon that there could be a separate vote demanded, Committee on Ways and l\1eans a power of which in two and likewise on any other of the separate paragraphs to which instances it will deny itself. First, in line 7, on page 2, it reference is made in the rule. says that clause 3 of Rule XXI shall not apply to committee l\Ir. FESS. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? amendments. ClausEf3 of Rule XXI is the clause providing that l\lr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. :Yes. amendments shall be germane to the items to which they are Mr. FESS. That supplementary amendment offered by the offered. Now it is proposed to give to the Committee on '\'lays Committee on Ways and Means, if voted down in committee, and Means absolute freedom of action to offer any amendment would not permit a vote in the House, would it, under the rule, they may choose, without regard to its germaneness either to since all others must be voted on in gross? the paragraph or to the item in the bill to which it is offered. Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I called attention to that a To the body of the House there will be denied that privilege. moment ago. I wonder if the House is willing to deny itself that power. Mr. FESS. I would like to have the chairman state whethe.r And, again, in the matter of separate amendments there has that is the intention. been inserted an amendment in this rule which you will not Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. 1\ly understanding is that if a find in the printed copy-it is one of the committee amend­ committee amendment on the subject mentioned hould be ments read at the desk-which provides that upon the demand offered and voted down in the committee the rule does not of the Committee on Ways and :Means a separate vote may be apply. If the Committee on Ways and Means should be success­ had upon any amendment offered by the committee. What is ful in the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the going to happen? Take the cotton schedule: Suppose a duty Union and there was a question raised, they may appeal to the is voted on raw cotton. The gentleman from Michigan tells House to sustain them, but if they are defeated in the Com­ you that of course his committee is going to raise the com­ mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union ·that pensatory duties-- would end it so far as that amendment is concerned. The SPEAKER. The gentleman has used fi\e minutes. l\fr. BURTO~. Will the gentleman yield for a question? Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. I will use two minutes addi­ 1\fr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I do. tional. 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3609

The Committee on Ways and l\Ieans will thereupon offer new of the House, who would like to have the Republican Party compensat()ry duties increasing the duties in the manufactures give them protection on what they produce and still lea\e schedule over those now provided in this bill; ahd if the Commit­ them alone to advocate free trade on everything they bt1y. tee of the Whole votes them in, no matter what those new com­ [Apphtuse.] These same people are now hoping and praying pensatory duties may be there will be no opportunity for you or for Republiean votes to put this bill through, in order that their me or any individual Member to demand a separate vote. The own people may receive the benefits of it, while they them- · only way. a separate vote can be had is upon the demand of the selves · will vote against it because it is Democratic Party Committee on Ways and Means, -and if the committee gets what policy to do so. Not so on om· side of the House. Every man it wants in the Committee of the Whole, do you believe for an is free to vote as he pleases on the :final passage of this bill ; instant that that committee will be nonsensical enough to de­ but we Republicans openly profess that we want A.meriean mand a roll call of the House? storehouses filled with American-made goods, and we want the Mr. HARDY of Texas. ·wm the gentleman yield right there laborer and producer to be so protected against cheap foreign for a question? competition that they will always have money in their pockets l\1r. GARRETT of Tennessee. I yield. to buy them. That is the intent and pmpose of the Fordney Mr. HARDY of Texas. Then as it appears, the statement bill, and that is the rellilon that it is entitled to ·your sop­ made by the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. FonDNEY], in a col­ port. [Applause.] loquy with me the other day, that adequate opportunity would 'Jlo hasten this bill to its final passage, the majority members be given to l\Iembers of the House on the lumber schedule or of the Rules Committee haV"e presented this rule, the provisions any other schedule, is not in practical effect correct? of whieh have been explained by the chairman. To consider a 1\fr. GARRETT of Tennessee. No, sir; that is the ingenious­ tariff bill under a special rule is no new procedure in the his­ ness of this rule. It was not written by a novice. Ostensihly tory of tariff legislation. It is the orderly, natural way to do it .leaV"es the bill open to amendment, but by reason of the limi­ it and the same proeedure that has been follo~red in nearly tation of time and by. reason of the preference conferred on ev-ery tariff bill that 'has been passed in the last half century. the Ways and Means Committee there will nev-er be a chance I have carefully examined the precedents that have governed for an ordinary Member of this House to offer an amendment each and e\ery one of them, and in my judg-..nent this is the to any of the schedules. most liberal.rule of them all 1\Ir. GREEN of Iowa. I think my friend :misapprehends the The first regular tariff bill passed this House in the Forty­ situation. It was intended to cover a situation 1ike this: Sup­ fourth Congress and was under consideration only one day. pose a duty was placed on hides, the committee would offer a The second ~ras in the Forty-fifth Congress and \\as consid­ compensating duty on shoes; then suppose when the bill comes ered parts of six different days. back to the House, on a separate vote, the hide amendment goes 'l'hc tllird was in the Forty-eighth Congress, and they did not out, necessarily the Ways and Means Committee would want to allow any debate nor consideration of any kind, but simply take out the compensating duty. Unless this provision is in struck out the enacting clause. there that could not be done. The McKinley biJl of 1890 was passed under special rule of :Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. That does not differ from any­ similar nature to this one. thing I have said. What I have stated is, that the Members Now, my Democratic friends, I want you to giV"e close atten­ cf the House in supporting this rule are voting their power tion, ·for next comes the first real Democratic tariff revision, away from themselves and giving to the Ways and Means Com­ known as the Wilson bill. Now, mark you what you Democrats mittee an authority of which they. are absolutely denuding did. A special rule for consideration of the bill was intro­ theru elves. [Applause.] duced in the House on January 5, 1894, the Democratic PartY 1\lr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Will the gentleman from Ten­ being in complete control of the House and a Democratic ne wee [Mr. GARRETT] use some m<>re of his time now? Speaker in the chair. l\lr. GARRETT of Tenn-essee. I will say that the1•e will be This rule not only pTovi:ded for general debate, when .it only tw.o other speeches on this side. should begin and end, but also how much tim3 for reading l\1r. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Then I yield 10 minutes to the under the 5-minute rule, and the exact time -when it sbould gentleman from New York [Mr. SNELL]. be reported back to the House, the previ()US question ccn­ l\Ir. SNELL. Mf. Speaker, at vru·ious times during the' his­ sidered ordered upon the amendments upon the bill to its tory of the Republic it has become the purpose and duty of engrossment and third reading and upon itB .:ina! passage. the majority party to pass a tariff measure. It is always the · And, as a matter of history, the Members of the House never function, opportunity, and desire of the minority to criticize, did ha\e an opportunity to consider each and e\ery paragraph and not construct. The present minority are running true to of the bill. To further show the absotute autocracy of the form in the consideration of this bill. By the greatest avalanche Democrats when they are in control, in passing a tariff meas­ of \Otes ever given any political party in the history of any · ure, -I want to call your attention to another special 1·ule they country, the :Republican Party has been commissioned to place ad-opted while considering the Wilson bill. They bronght into a new tariff bill on our statute books, and once more give that the House a special rule that provided for only 15 minutes' protection to American labor, industry, and farm products that debate on either side and compelled a \Ote and secured the pas­ has been the foundation of our national progress for the last sage of 637 Senate amendments, and that was done despite the half century. [Applause.] vigorous prote.st .on the Republican side of the House. T-is is l\1r . .A.SWELL. Will the gentleman yield? bnt one ex:ample of how the Democrats used power when they 1\Ir. SNELL. I can not yield at this time. had it. Mr. Speaker, to-day the responsibility is -ours, and as a The DingleS" bill of 1897 was brought into this House under a member of the majority I accept my share of the responsibility special rule. anu propose to do an I can to give the country a protective l\fr. JONES of Texas. Will the gentleman yield? tariff at the earliest possible moment. [Applause.] This is Mr. SNELL. Not now. not a perfect measure; not every schedule .exactly pl-eases me. The Payne bilt ()f 1909 was considered under a .special rule, It probably does not fully m-eet the wishes of any Member on almost identical with the present one but not quite so liberal as either side. No uninspired human committee could present one , the one now before you. that did. Your Ways and Means Committee have labo.red long The Underwood 'bill, the last Democratic attempt at tariff and diligently. They have consulted every source of informa- , legislation-the fatal results of which are fresh in t1::.e mind::; tion at their command and have presented to us a carefully of all-was not passed under special rule but was put through consider€'<1, well-balanced bill, that not only treats fairly and under the tightest censor.ship of them all. The chairman of the honestly every part of the country, but gives due consideration Ways and Means Committee, Mr. U:NnERwoon, would not tell to both producer and consumer and is entitled to the support anyone how long they would ha\e to consider it or wl1ether it of e•ery real protectionist in this House. [Applause.] would be open to amendment or not. He ga\e no information I li\e next to the Canadian border, and I want reasonable about the consideration in answer to the questions from the protection for the farm products and industries of my section minority, but simply said, in answer to a direct question by as ngainst those cheaper-produced Canadian products, and I Mr. Moore, of Pennsylvania, when asked by l\lr. Moore if he am ~rilling to give the same consideration to products of the W()Uld have an opportunity to offer an amendment to a certain oU1er parts of the country that need that protection. And it is section that he was especially interested in, "We will con­ a pretty narrow man that wants a tariff on what he produces sider that when the time comes." He did allow .some amend­ but adV"ocates free trade on wha.t he buys because he thinks ments to be offered on the floor but he protected his bill by perhaps he can get it a few cents cheaper. He is what I caD caucus agreement rather than by special rule, and the bill went u "spot Ill'9tectionist," and he is here to legislate for the few, through practic~lly as it came from the committee. Yet this and not for the greatest good of all thB American people. We same minority complains when we try. to protect our bill and haYe some of that kind of protectionist on ~he minority side pass it within a reasonable length of time. We are not only 3610 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 12,

giving practically the sa~e time for consideration as was given away from the House only by the vote of the House, and the to the Underwood bill but under this special rule lie are going House votes to give the privilege to the Committee on Ways still farther, for we specially pro·vide that after the bill is and Means, so lliat if by one of these amendments passed there reported back to the House the House itself shall have an op­ is necessitated another amendment to be offered, and we have portunity to express itself on the principal schedules in con­ already passed the reading of the paragraph to which it is troversy, which was not afforded you when you passed the offered and can not· go back to it without unanimous consent Underwood bill. of the House, the House has not bound itself that it can not Now, notwithstanding the precedents that I have called to consider an amendment that ought to be considered. Therefore, your attention, notwithstanding the fact that we have followed the rule does not apply. It is suspended to that degree. the procedure used by the Republican Party for over .30 years l\1r. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? in passing tariff measures, notwithstanding the fact that we are Mr. FESS. Yes. following the same procedure used by the Democratic Party, 1\Ir. l\IA.DDEN. The purpose of that privilege to the com­ the only two times they were ever intrusted to write a tariff mittee is due to the fact that they have superior knowledge as· law, yes, I say, notwithstanding all this, the minority have the to the details over anybody else? boldness and temerity to come in here now and complain be­ 1\Ir. FESS. Precisely so ; and every item of the rule is to cause we are not going to sit here all summer. and give them broaden the privilege of the House and not to limit the privilege all the time they now think they want to consider and vote on of the House. each individual item in this bill. Why, every man here with an Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ ounce of brain in his head well knows that if we did not con­ man yield? sider this bill under special rule, by caucus agreement, or some 1\fr. FESS. And I insist that the rule itself is giving a wider other means just as limiting, that we could not pass it before berth to the privilege of the House on both sides than has ap­ Christmas. That is not what the country wants. They want peared in any rule heretofore, with the single exception of this more action and less talk. They want a protective tariff and one clause. · ['Applause.] they want it now, and we propose to give it to them. Lines 17 to 20, page 2, give an additional privilege in allow­ Mr. Speaker, we have in this rule every reasonable provision ing a vote in the House on any amendment whether it was for the orderly, expeditious passage of this bill. We are not passed or rejected in the committee. unduly limiting debate or liberty of debate, but we are limiting This rule comes here for but one purpose, to give full con­ the right to delay public business by dilatory tactics. There is sideration of the tariff mettsure, and to insure expedition of its no subterfuge in it; it is fair, open, and aboveboard. It follows passage. as closely as possible the procedure used in consideration of The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Ohio has every tariff measure except one in the last 30 years. It is now expired. offered in good faith by your Rules Committee, to make possible the further consideration and early passage of the Fordney 1\fr. GARRETT of Tennessee. 1\!r. Speaker, I yield the re­ bill. - mainder of my time to the gentleman from New York [l\1r. This is purely a Republican measure, and we must accept the CoCirnAN]. responsibility before the American people. It is based on the The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York is recog­ Republican principles of protection to American industry, Ameri­ nized. ca-n labor, and American farm products. And I call on every 1\Ir. COOKRAN. 1\fr. Speaker, the practice of considering one of you who believes in those principles to support this rule and disposing of revenue bills by special rule is entirely of Re­ and once more give the people of this country both protection publican origin. No one can dispute that the party is entitled and prosperity. [Applause.] to all the credit or diRcredit that can come from its operation. Mr. CAl\lPBEJLL of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, I yield five min­ I was a Member of the Fiftieth Congress, when the Mills bill utes to the gentleman froin Ohio [l\1r. FEss]. was considered, and I was a .Member of the Fifty-third Con­ ·Mr. FESS. Mr. Speaker, I have looked over this rule and gress, which passed the Wilson bill through the House and studied it with reference to what has gone before it. I have passed, under the rule which the gentleman from New York concluded, both in the vote and after consideration of the rule has described, something radically and fatally different that after the vote was given in the Itules Committee, that it is one came back from the Senate. I think it only fail· to add that of the most liberal of any rule of which I have any memory. I voted against that rule and that surrender of the House to the I want the Republican Members especially, who might be con­ Senate, though I was one of the authors of the measure origi­ fused over what the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. GARRETT] nally enacted here. The attitude I am assuming now has there­ said, to listen to the wording of the rule : fore at least the merit of consistency. Thereafter the bill shall be considered for amendment under the five­ This practice of proceeding under a special rule when every minute rule. important bill is brought before the Hous8 is of quite recent That is under the rules of the House, and it does not prevent origin. For considering it vicious in the last degree, I have any amendment being offered that is germane. It is the already given my reasons to the House while the proposal to broadest possible rule that could be offered and no one should consider the declaration of peace was before it. I shall address take· exception to that particular provision. myself particularly now to the peculiarly \icious feature of the ·Now, secondly, there is an addition that some one questioned pending resolution, which restricts the power of this House the purpose. "Committee amendments to any part of the bill to deal with a revenue bill, and restricts its power in a man­ shall be in order at any time." That is true. It is different ner that affects vitally the constitutional discharge of its func­ from the usual procedure, but that was the purpose, in order to tions. But before proceeding to the discharge of that task let allow the committee to present an amendment that is important me first call attention for one .moment to the position which at the time that they wanted to vote upon. the Committee on Rules bas acquired in the economy of tl1is 1\fr. JONES of Texas. l\Ir. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? body, according to its chairman. l\fr. FE:::lS . . I do not. I have only five minutes. When addressing the House on this subject a few weeks ago I Thirdly, amendments to the specific paragraphs, bides, dye­ charged the Committee on Rules with having seized, absorbed, stuffs, oils, and so forth, can also be offered, not limited to the and usurped powers which constitutionally belong to the whole committee, but by anyone at any time. And if you can find a House and which therefore can be exercised properly and broader privilege or a wider latitude written in· any rule than legally only by its entire membership. That statement was a that, I do not understand what it is. conclusion which I considered inevitable from facts which I Now, there is another suggestion by some Members as to why believed to be unquestionable. Still the conclusion might have we should make a modification in lines 5 and 6, on page 2. Why, been disputed and the facts might have been denied. But, now, that is to broaden the privilege of the Members of the House, the precise relationship between the committee and the House, Democrats as well as Republicans. or rather the measure of subjection to which the Hou e has The preferment is not given to the committee. The prefer­ been reduced by the committee, is no longer a matter of rea­ ment is given to the membership of the House. Line 5 is a soning or of inquiry. It has been stated and defined by the broader provi ion than any that we have hitherto seen any­ chairman of the committee himself with a cynical frankness where in any rule, namely, "That said specified amend­ that obviates all doubt or possibility of doubt. ments" that may be offered by anybody on either side will be While the naval bill was under con ideration-that is, while considered b.efore the committee amendments are offered. If we were discussing amendments by the Senate and disagree­ there is any breadth that is greater than that to give to the ments between the two Houses-the gentleman from Kansas membership of the House, I do not know how you would find it. [Mr. CAMPBELL] took the floor and pronounced a eulogy on the Then there is this other provision, which .does suspend Rule Committee on Rules. With re~pect to the terms of praise applied XXI. Some one said that it takes away from the House a by him to the individual members, why, he fell short of what privilege that the House is· giving to the committee. It takes it t would Iik'e to have said myself. · 1921. CONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-HOlJSE. 3611

They are the best behaved, best equipped, best ~sposed lot Imittee which directs and controls it; not a meas~re adopted by of gentlemen who were ev.er called together by a happy this House, but a measure forced upon it by the Committee on chance-Providence aiding-to take charge, control, direction, llules through driving the membership here -to an alternative and management of a representative body. [Laughter.] The between total rejection of the bill and acceptance of all the pro­ feature of the gentleman's address to which I ask attention visions n-hich they. choose to let us vote upon. on both sides of the House was his statement that t:Q.e Com- This, 1\lr. Speaker, I think is a very serious condition to which mtttee on Rules vindicated its existence and justified its powers the representative legislative body of our country has been re­ by the fact that it was an effective force to prevent this House duced. The fact that its abasement has been effected by its own from making a fool of itself. He instanced by way of illus- action merely makes deeper, more abject, its degradation. It is tration and enforcement-and a very powerful illustration of that more than anything else that I complain here now. Had it was-the case, as I recall it, of a proposal looking toward it been degraded from the high place to which the Constitution a general censorship which had been pending in the House, assigned it .by hostile forces its misfortune would be

3612 OONGRESSION.A_L RECORD-' HOUSE. obtain the po];mlar judgment on thi.g tariff measure, not accord­ <>nt the country will gladly take the judgment of the American ing ·to the pr-omises of its framers or the interested statements people. of its peneficiaries but according to the results it will have ac­ It was never intended that this should be a Government with tn:ally produced. But, meanwhile, we do protest against binding ~ single House. Yet the Committee on Rules has proved as the House of Representatives in fetters that render it incapable efficient in enabling that mysterious "steering" committee of performing the duty imposed on it 'by the ·constitution. which operf.!tes in secret places, its membership undisclosed, its Mr. LONGWORTH. Will the gentleman yield? hnbitat tmknown, to obliterate this body, leavitlg the Senate Mr. COCKRAN. I am always gla~ to yield to my friend from practical control of all legislation, as did the Lords of Articles Ohio, evw though my time is Bhort. · in stifling and reducing to impotence the PaTliament under the Mr. LONGWORTH. Does the gentleman defend the method Scottish Kings. by "Which his party passed the Underwood law, namely, by bind­ Mr. Speaker, I want to express my grateful acknowledgment ing the majority solidly by a caucus to vote· against any amend­ to the House for its forbearance and attention. Let me add a ment offered? [Ap])lause.] suggestion that goes to the efficiency of the House. I think 1\Ir. OOOKRAN. Mr. Speaker, I do not know anything about anybody who says that debate here has fallen below the highest how the Underwood bill was passed, and therefore I have standard must have changed his view within the last few days, neither the ability nor disposition to discuss that mode of pro­ even though discussion is hampered as it was when that other eeduTe. But I say this: Anything Which binds the House of great measure, the declaration of peace, was before the House. Representatives by a solemn vote to be recorded by the Clerk I repeat my acknowledgment- to the gentleman from Rhode Is­ and to become an enduring part of its records to a declaration land [1\ir. KENNEDY] who enlightened me toward the course I that it is incapable of performing a specific function which the finally decided to pursue on that question, but surely we can not Constitution not only says that it must perform but that it forget how the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BUBTON] in the must originate, is an abomination in the eyes of e\ery man course of a luminous address found himself compelled to turn who loves the country of which this Constitution is the founda­ around and ask, "'Mr. Speaker, how much time have I left?" tion. [Applause.] When the Speaker replied that the gentleman had a minute 1\Ir. Speaker, there is nothing new in vice and little new and a half, he was compelled to ab-andon and leave unspoken in folly. We are here again treading the old pathway over what promised to be a noble peroration. How can discussion which other institutions have hastened through O.isorder and proceed effectively when every debater :must be continuously discredit to disaster and destruction. pirouetting between the Speaker and the Olerk. Pirouetting It is surely an extraordinary thing to see revived here in the und perorating (if I may use such"a word) are not compatible House of Representatives the machinery by which the old activities. [Laughter.] Where one is made necessary, the Scottish Kings reduced their Parliaments to absolute servility other is rendered impossible. and subjection. So great an authority as Dr. Robertson, in his Mr. Speaker, I do think for the credit of the House, that we history of Scotland, after describing the weakness of tile crown ought not to pass or even consider this resolution until some in dealing directly with the nobles, its total lack of power necessity for intervening with a special rule shall have disclosed to control them, as shown by the fact that most of tile kings itself; that the House should be given at least the opportunity died violent deaths, remarks that ne-vertheless the Parliaments, to discuss amendments and to vote upon them. If discussion .composed of those same turbulent nobles, were always abso­ should become wasteful the pTevious question can always be lutely subservient. There was never sueh a thing as an inde­ invoked. pendent Scottish Pal'liament. 'l'he individuals composing it The House is not necessarily entitled to discussion, bnt it is were independent to the point of turbulence, but Parliament entitled to vote-to vote on every measure involving a levy itself was always subservient. H-e explains it in this wa-y: of taxes. That is its constitutional right, yet by this rule you· in As far back as Ot!r records enable us to trace the constitution of attempt to subvert the Constitution its operation through this our Parliaments we find a committee distinguished by the name of Chamber. Lords of Arttcles. It wa.s their business to pre:pare and to digest all Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. Mr. Speaker, will the ~entle­ matters which were to be laid before th-e Parliament; every motion for a new law was first made th-ere and approved or rejected by them man yield for a question? at pleasure ; what they approved was formed into a bill and pre­ Mr. COCKRAN. Certainly. sented to Parliament; what they rejected could not be introduced into Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. I am much interested in the the house. distinguished gentleman's discussion of the .condition of the . . . . ~ . ~ House of Representatives and its powers. I desire to ask the The Lords of Articles, then, not only directed the whole proceedings ot Parliament, but possessed a negative before debate. That com­ gentleman if he would, if he could, rest(}re the position of the mittee was chosen and constituted iii. such a manner as ·put this Speaker of the House to that of the Speaker of the House of valuable privilege entirely in the K"mg's hands. Representatives actually rather than that of moderator? • * • * * * • Mr. COCKRAN. If the gentleman could understand what I Capable either of influenc-ing their election or of gai.nlng them when have been saying, he wonld realize that I am moved by the elected the King commonly found the Lords of Articles no less obse­ highest regard for the authority and d1gnity of the Speaker­ quious to his will than his (}WU pctvy council, and by means CJf hls authority with them he could put a negative upon liis Pa-rliament ship. Per1laps the gentleman has forgotten how the Speaker­ before debate as well as after it, and '}Vhat may seem altogether ship originated? If that be so, and if I had the time, I should incredible the most limited princ~ in Europe actually possessed in one be very glad to enlighten him. Everyone who is jealous of the instance n. prerogative .whic-h the most absolute could never obtain. dignity of a parliamentary body must of necessity be jea'lous Mr. 'Speaker, in the Committee on Rules, as its chairman of the power and dignity of the Speaker. confirms its powers and describes its operations, we have tOO The Speaker is the -voice of the Hause. He embodies the Lords of Articles here. If we are to have the L(}rds of Articles Heople-the Lords of the Articles belong to centuries that are gone, and po"Wer of this Fordney device to bring prosperity back to the that in the dawning centuries to come, centuries of progress market pla-ces which it has forsaken; activity to the factories and growth foT the American people-and I belieye that growth that are closed; contentment to the farms that are unprofitable. can not even be measured now-the Lords of tbe Articles 1nust Yon have gtven ns another. This House is no longer in the be cast aside like other discarded rubbish and the House po~ ition that the Constitution assigns it in our scheme of Gov­ itself must resume th'e dignity which t11e Constitution intended ernment. It has been made subservient to one of its own com­ for it by discharging the powers and duties which the Consti­ mittee . You justify tl1at abasement on the ground that by tution imposes on it. [Applause.] it nlone can the Hou e be prevented from injuring our national Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. 1\Ir. Speaker, the gentleman "Welfnre and discrediting our national fame. We deny and from New York [Mr. CocKRAN] is always intere ting. While reRent uch an imputation on the honor of the representative he was discussing the theoretical matters that he had under l>ocly. On that iBsue we on this side and the Democrats th!ough- consideration -a moment ago, I was trying to decide ill my 1921. OONGRESSION AJ-1 REC.ORD~-HOUSE. 36i3

own mind whether I would rather hear him on the Einstein The SPEAKER. The question is on the committee amend­ theory of relativity or upon the termini of the Milky Way and ment. what may be found there. The question was taken, and the committee amendment was Mr. COCKRAN. But we have the Milky Way. agreed to. · 1\fr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. He has a wonderful vocabulary The SPEAKER. The question is on the resolution as and a most vivid imagination ; but the subject matter the House amended. now has under consideration, the passage of a tariff bill, is a 1\tr. GARRETT of Tennessee. 1\fr. Speaker, I ask for the practical, closely contested matter. The gentleman compli­ yeas and nays. mented the House of Representatives upon its work in the The yeas· and nays were ordered. passage of the Wilson bill in 1894. That was passed under a The question was taken; and there were-yeas 222, nays 100, drastic rule. answered " present " 1, not voting 106, as follows : Mr. COCKRAN. Oh, ·I must rise to order. I just said that YEAS-222. I voted against it. Ackerman Fairfield Langley Reed, W.Va. Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Against the final passage of Anderson Faust Lawrence Rhodes Andrews Fa"9'rot Lazaro Ricketts the bill as it came back from the Senate, I understood. Ansorge Fenn Leatherwood Roach Mr. COCKRAN. I voted against the final passage of the bill Fess Lehlbach Robertson when it came back from the Senate, and I voted against the fptf~i~K Fitzgerald Longworth Robsion Bacharach Focht Luce Rogers rule under which it would pass. Barbour Fordney Luhring Rose Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. But the gentleman voted for Reedy Foster McArthur Sanders, Ind. the bill as it passed the House. Begg Frear McCormick Sanders, N. Y. Benham Free McFadden Scott, Tenn. Mr. COCKRAN. Oh, gladly. Bird Fuller :McLaughlin, Mich. Shaw Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. And it passed the House under Bixler Funk McLaughlin, Nebr.Shelton Bland, Ind. Gahn McPherson Shreve a drastic rule that makes this rule liberal. Boies Gensman MacGregor Siegel Mr. COCKRAN. It was passed by the consent of both sides. Bond Gernerd Madden Sinclair Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Oh, it was passed under a rule Bowers Glynn Magee Sinnott Brooks, Ill. Goodykoontz Mann Smith that fixed the time for debate, that fixed the time for voting Browne. Wis. Gorman Mapes Snell on amendments, fixed the time for a final vote, and gave no Burdick Graham, Ill. Martin .Speaks consideration to the separate items in the measure whatever. Burroughs Green, Iowa Merritt Sproul Burtness Greene, Vt. Michener Steenerson But the bill did go to another body that had neither "lords of Burton Griest Miller Stephens the articles" or a committee on rules that terminated debate, Butler Hadley Mills Strong, Kans. and they added 640 amendments, which made the bill such a Cable Hardy, Colo. Millspaugh Strong, Pa. Campbell, Kans. Haugen 1\Iondell Summers, Wash. monstrosity that the gentleman from New York would not vote Cannon IIawley Montoya Sweet for it, and Grover Cleveland as President would not sign it. Chandler, Okla. IIays Moore, Ill. Swing [Applause.] Cbindblom Hersey Moore, Ohio Taylor,-N. J. Christopher son Hickey Moores, Ind. Taylor, Tenn. We propose to pass a bill that the President of the United Clague Hill Morgan Temple States will sign, and I think the gentleman from New York, Clarke, N. Y. Himes Muc,ld Tilson after it has been in operation for a year, will say that he Classon Hoch :;\furphy Timberlake Clouse Hogan Newton, Minn. Tincher - thanks the Lord that the Committee on Rules brought in a Cole Houghton Newton, Mo. Towner rule for its consideration, so that it could not be mutilated by Colton Hukriede Nolan Treadway its enemies or impeded by those who would delay its passage Connell Hull Korton Underhill Connolly, Pa. Hutchinson Ogden Vare until after the time for having it in operation long enough to Cooper, Ohio Ireland Olpp Vestal demonstrate its wisdom or the wisdom of those who had Cooper, Wis. James, :Mich. Osborne Volk created it had passed before the election next year. If it Copley Johnson, Wash. Paige Volstead Coughlin Kahn Parker, N.J. Walsh were not for this or a similar rule, gentlemen on the Demo­ Crowther Kearns Parker, N.Y. Watl:'on cratic s.ide of the House could prolong the deliberations on this Curry Kelley, Mich. Patterson, Mo. '\'\>"ebster bill until one year from this coming October. Darrow Kelly, Pa. Patterson. N.J. White, Kans. Davis, Minn. Ketcham Peters White, Me. 1\fr. COCKRAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Dempsey King Petersen Williams Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Yes. Denison Kinkaid Pringey Winslow Dickinson Kirkpatrick Purnell Wood, Ind. Mr. COCKRAN. Could not the Committee on Rules come in Dowell Kissel Radcliffe Woodruff with a rule at any time? Dunbar Kline, N.Y. Ramseyer Wurzbach Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Yes; they could bring in a Kline, Pa. Ransley Wyant ~fi1~tt Knight Reavis Yates rule like this and provide for the passage of the bill after Ellis Knutson Reber Zihlman months of time had been wasted, but they defer in their wis­ Elston Kopp Reece dom to the wisdom of the Republican side of the House and Evans Kraus Reed, N.Y. bring it in now. NAYS-100. Mr. COCKRAN. To keep us from doing wrong? Almon Dominick Lampert Rankin Bankhead Doughton Lanham Rayburn Mr. CAl\fPBELL of Kansas. So that we may pass the bill Barkley Drane Lankford Sanders, Tex. and let the bill's operation demonstrate the wisdom of those Beck Drewry Larsen, Ga. Sandlin who have prepared it at as early a day as.possible. Black Driver Lea, Calif. Smithwick Bland, Va. Dupre Logan Stafford Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ Blanton Fields London Steagall man yield? Bowling Flood Lowrey Stedman Mr. CAl\fPBELL of Kansas. Yes. Box Fulmer McDuffie Stevenson Brand Garner · McSwain Stoll Mr. GARRET,!' of Tennessee. The gentleman speaks of this Briggs Garrett, Tenn. Mansfield Sumners, Tex. rule preventing the bill from being mutilated by its enemies. Brinson Garrett, Tex. Montague Swank Does the gentleman mean to indicate that the majority of this Buchanan Gilbert Moore, Va. Tague Bulwinkle Hardy, Tex. Nelson, J. M. TenEyck House are enemies to this bill? Byrnes, S. C. Harrison O'Connor Tillman Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Not at all. I refer to the gen­ Byrns, Tenn. Hawes Oldfield Tyson Can trill Hayden Oliver Upshaw tleman from Tennessee, among others, who is a past master Carew Huddleston O>erstreet Vmson in the art of mutilatirrg matters he does not like. This rule Carter Humphreys Padgett Voigt provides, as other rules have provided for the passage of all Cockran .Jacoway Park, Ga. Ward, N.C. ·tariff bills, for the consideration of the bill under the leader­ Collier . James, Va. Parks, Ark. Weaver Connally, Tex. Johnson, Ky. Parrish Wilson ship of the committee that prepared it, the Committee on Ways Crisp Jones, 'rex. Pou Wingo and Means. What does the gentleman from New York or I Cullen Kincheloe Quin Woods. Va. know about the tariff on argols or some of these other un- Deal Kleczka Raker Wright . pronounceable things in the bill? ·we have not spent months AXSWERED " PRESENT "-1. in the study of these technical terms and these scientifically As well arranged schedtlles. We are submitting this rule at this time ~OT VOTIKG-106. for the consideration of the bill to expedite its passage. .Anthony Chandler, ~. Y. FaiL"C hild Griffin Arentz Clark, Fla. Fish Hammer Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question on the resolution Bell Codd Fisher H errick and amendments. Blakeney Collins F reeman IIicks Brennan Cramton F rench HudspetQ. The SPEAKER. The question is on ordering the previous BL'itten Dale Frothingham Husted question on the resolution and amendments to final passage. Brooks, Pa. Dallinger Gallivan Jefferis, Nebr. The question was taken, and on a division (demanded by Mr. Brown, Tenn. Davis, T enn. Goldsborou~h J effers, Ala. Burke Dunn Gould Johnson, Miss. GARRETT of Tennessee) there were-ayes 163, noes 72. Campbell, Pa. Ech{lls Graham, Pa. Johnson, S.Dak. So the previous question was ordered. Chalmers Edmonds Greene, Mass. Jones, Pa. •

3(ii4 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 12,

Kell~r 1\lcClintic illo.rdan Ta:ylo-r, Ark. and! for other purpos.es," b. _print~d : a& a. Hou e document, witl:L an,index.; Kendall lYfcKt>nzie Rodenber.~ Taylor, Colo. and tha-t 15,000 addillonai copies b.e printed, of which 9,000 shalL b Kennedy McLaughlin, P:.t. Rosenbloom Thomas for the• use ot the House, to be distributed through the folding room, Kle-ss Maloney RO&Sdale Tb:ompsnn 4,000 for the Senate, 1,000 for the Committee on· Whys and Means. of IGndred Mead Rouse Tinkham the House, and 1.000 · fo1 the Committee.. on Finn nee of the Senate. Kitchin Michaelson Rucker Vaile IU·eidel' Morin Ryan Walters 'llhe: messag.e also announced that the Sennre had' pas ~a with Kunz Mott Sabath Ward, N.Y. amendments· the bill (H. R:. '565!) to· survey tlle Yazoo Ri\er, Larson. llliun. · Nelson• .A. P. Schall Wason Arl.Ss., with a. view to control of its ffood . r..arton tYBri~n Scott, l\fich. Wlteefer Lee. Ga. P erkins Sears Williamson RNitOLLED BILLS P.RESENTED TO THE PllESIDENT FOR HIS AP.P.RO" ..u;, Lee, N.Y. Perlman Sisson Wise Lineberger Porter Slemp W.oodya1:d :Mr. RICKETTS, fl:Qlll the Committee on Enr.olled Bill ; re. Linthicum Rainey, Ala. SnydeJ." Young ported that July 1I tliey had presented to the President of the Little Rainey, Ill. Stin.ess Lyon Riddick Sullivan United States, for his a:gnroval, the following_ bills: So the uesolution was ag.J:eed to. H. R. 4803: An act making appropriations fol' the naval, service The Clerk announced the :fOllowing pairs: for the fiscal year ending. June 30,.1922, ancl for• other purposes; Mr. JoiD"'\'SON of South Dakota (for) with Mr. KITCHIN H. R. 4976. An act granting_ the consent of Co~ess to ilia (against). Trumbull Steel Co~, its successors and, assigns, tO' cunstruct, Mr. WHEELED (for) with Mr. ASWELL (against). maintain, and. operate a dam acr.o.s the Mahoning Rtn~r· in the Mr. MoRIN (for) with Mr. RioRDAN (against). State of Ohio ; and l\1r; STIN1m.s (for) with M;r. KnmRED (against). H. J. Res.173. Joint resolution. ratifying_ and. (l()nfil.ming from l\k. EDMONDS (for) with M'.r_ SULLIVAN (against). and including July 1, 1921, obligatioll.& incutTed pursuant to Mr. FROTHINGHAM (for) with Mr. JOHNSON of 1\Iississi.:gpi the terms of certain appropriations, for the fiscal. vea1· 192:?.. (against). AMENDING ACT TIS' REF.EBEK~ T.O PHII;I]?.plliE&, l\1r. KBEIDER (for) with Mr. GRIFFIN (.agailfs.t). 1\Ir. TO\VNER. Mr. Speaker, I d·esire to: pre en.t n: conference Mr. LA.YTON (for) witl1 Mr. GALLIVAN (against). re{!ort on the bill H. R. 5756, and ask that it be prlntelT in the l\Ir. BROoKs of Pennsylvania (for) with Mr. KELLER (against)'. R.trooRD under the· rule. Mr. BRENN.A:N (for) with.Mr; TAYLOB of.Arkansas (against). The SPEAK1lJR~ The Clerfr will! re).Jort the bill by title. Mr. WALTERS . (for) with M.r .. FISHEB (against). The- Clerk read' as. follows: Mr. KrEss (for) with Mr. MEAD (against). A. bill (ff. R: 575'6) to amend an act entitled "An ac:t to. declo.re the Mr. L!NEBERGE.R (for) with Mr. HAMMER (against). puriXJse of the. people or the- Unit'ed' States· as~ to the future political Mr. KENDALL (for) with Mr. LYON (against). statna of the peonle• ot: the PhiliiJpine Islands, and to provide. a more Mr. ANTHONY (for) with Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee (against). m.rt:onomo.us government. for. those islands," aypr:oved August 2!>, 1916. Mr. A.RErx"'TZ_ (for) with. ML RAINEY of Alabama (against). The. SPEAKER, Ordered printed under the rule. Mr. WOOBYABD (for) with 1\Ir. McCLINTUl {agains.t). THE 'ill..RIFE. Mr. GRAHAM of Pennsy.i\ania (for) witli Mr. LINTHICUM The SPEA.KER. Under the :rule, the Hou.se will: resolve (against). · itself into ti:te Committee of the Whole Hous~ on the state of l\fr. DALE (for) with Mr. RAINEY of Illinois. (against). the Union. 1\fr. DA.LI.JNGER (for) wit:11 Mr. O'BRIEN (against). Accordfugly tlie House resolYed itself into the Committee of Mr. WASON (for) with Mr. SEABS (against). . the Whole House on the state of tlie trnion. for the furtlier Mr. BLAKENEY (for) with 1.\I:r. SABATH (against). eonsid'eration of the bill El'. R'. 7456;- with. l'i.fr. CAMPBELL of l\Ir. GREENE of l\fassachu.se.tts (for) with 1\fr. HUDSPETH Kansas in the chair. (against). Tlie· 0HKffi.M.AN. The 0lerk. will repot:t the bill' by title. Mr. THOMPSON (for) with: Mr. WISE (against). The Cierk read as follows.: Mr. KENNEll¥ (for) with Mr. T:m>MAS (against). A bill (H. R. 7456) to provide revenue, tu regulate commerce with 1\fr. HICKB (for). with Mr. RUCKER (against). fo.re.ign countries, to encourage the· industties of the 'Cnited States and Mr. PERL.:M""AN (for) w1th.l\1r. JEFFERS o.f' Alabama (against): fi>rother purposes. 1\fr. RbDENllERG (fOr) witfi Mi.·. KuNz (against). Mr. FORDNEY. Mr. Ohai.nman, I! yield to the gentleman from Mr. VA.ILFl ('for) with lllr. TAYLOR of Colorado (against). Ohia ~Mr. LoNGWORTH] I hom· and 30imihutes-. [A'D.nln.use.] l\fr. PERKINs (for) with Mr. LEE of Georgi::I (against). Mr. LONGWORTH. Mr. Chairman:; the introduction, of th~ Mr. Co.nn (fru:) with Mr. BELL (against). bill we are now considering- an.d the ad{:Jption o:fl the rule j"tist Mr. JoNEs of Pennsylvania (for) with 1\f'r. SissoN (against). passed means the speedy resumption, after an inter:I''egnum; of l\fr. MALONEY (for) with Mr. CoLLINs ('against). eight years· under the British policy of free trade,

publican side.] And upon that isSue we won the greatest vic­ Now, if in that first sentence "we" means the American tory ever achieved in the Republic's history It was upon that people and the Democratic and Republican Party alike, you are is.·ue that we attained our enormous majority in the House of co1·rect. And if in the second -sentence- Reptesentatives and our unprecedented majority in the · Senate, We · lost the peace-- and seated in the White House a Republican President by more " We " means the Democratic Party ; you are also eorrect. t1Hm 7,000,000 votes. [Applause on the Republican ·side.] L'.Applause t;>n the Republican side.] For it is upon the Demo­ Americanism means protectionism [applause on the Republi­ cratic .Party, .and !}rimarily upon your then leade1·, that the can side], and protectionism is Amerieanism. It means that the responsibility rests for keeping this country out of peace for American producer~ whether by his brains or by the sweat of nearly three years after we had -won the war. President Wil­ his bTow, shall llaTe at least 'the ·same <;~pportunity to ·sell his son, armed with autocratrc ·powers never possessed . .by any goods in the American market as is accor.ded prGducers of· otheT A.n1erican President ·and ·by few m.onarehs in history, decreed nation . 'It means that he shall ha.-e at;lea:st a 'fair chance of that there should be no peace unless incorporated ·in it as a competition in the markets of the world, for unless he can pre­ vital and integral part :was that thing that shocked the con­ ;~ erve a foothold heTe it·is .a mere 1dle dream·to imagine that he ·science of the American -people, article 10 of-the .League of Na­ can ecure a foothold elsewhere. 'Retention of the protected tions, which bound us in advance to do not what we were market ·is the prerequisite to the gaining of a position of any­ ordered to do by-the .A.meri'can Government, 'but what we were "thing like real influeRee or power in the markets of the w.orld. mdered to do by a -supergovernment over and :above the Gov­ That is protection · do.ctrine and it is American doctrine. You ·ernment of' the ~United ·States. Thank ·God, there were :enough ·say that the tariff was not ·an issue 1in the last campaign. On patriotic men in the United States Senate ·to -tlrrottle that page 4 of 't1Ie report occurs ·the following sentence: proposition. [:Applause on -the .Republican side;] And even It is false to say that the majority ·were commissioned by the people afterwards, when ·"·e did the .only thing .possible to ·Congress, at ·i:he last election to revise· the tariff. It is so -false, so patently,· ob­ viously false that no honest ma:n ·wm avow it. The tarfff was not an when we passed a resolution through both 'Houses declaring i ue in the 1920 campaign. The people did not believe they were that a condition -of peace existed, it was vetoed by President voting f?r a change in the taTiff. _ Wilson, and you yourselves in this Congl'ess have done all you XoliY, as a matter ·of fact, I doubt whether there is a bare could do to delay peace coming ·to this country until you were handful of men on that side of ·the House who.honestly belie>e overwhelmed·by the passage ofrthe·Kno:x-P.orter resolution. that the tm·i.ff was not an issue in· the last campaign. But if ·M-r. GARNER. ·::\fr. Chairman, will the ..gentleman yield? there be uch .I hazard the suggestion in .all charity that they ':\fr. ·LONGWORTH. You did keep us out of peace. ~fake the are possessed of just about the mental caliber of the gentlemen, most of it. wl10e•er they are, who .wrote the ·minority report. Now, there is anothf:r feature of the :1·eport. on - ~~:hlch I would I doubt whether there was a single speech of any length made like to comment bTieHy. ·You say- by the Republican candidate for President in which he diCI not rt w-o-uld be-superfluous to occupy a:ny space in sho-wiBg ;the intimate relations ·which bind together the beneficiaries of this bill and the lay ..great stress upon the tariff issu-e. In my own.case, for in­ Rep-ublic..'ln o:ro-anization. stance, there was not a ·speech I ·made in the last campaign­ The officlal lists of contrif}utors to campaign funds esta:blish beyo1ld and I made, I suppose, at least .20()-where I did not bring the all questions th-e sol.fl'ees from ·which were derivetl the en1lrmous funds dispe-nsed by the ·party which prevailed at the last election. ~I .be _prot-ective issue prominently to the .front. And I believe that .managers of that ca·mpaign prided themselves on being first .and- above is the case with practically every man on this side of the House, all "business men." The campailpl was run avowedly a:s -a "business" and probably many men on that side of the House. enterp11se. "The essence of "business" is ·exchange, which signifies that for everything given equtvalent is to be received. The only ade­ The question of turning over our man power to the control .quate equiv.alent concetvable for these milli1lns ..given to .p-olitical man­ of other Governments differs only in detail from the question agers is bestowal on the givers of special favors ' by gove~:nment. When of turning our · market over to otl1er Ifations. Our opposition therefore we see in this measure the taxing p.ower transferred to the men who subscribed lavishly d:ming tbe campaign we ·lrnLeague of Nations ·and said to the waiting popul.ace, it is not the most favorable time, · that it is not the easiest time, "The President and I a1·e one-upon this question," foi· months but who can ·tell when the trade. conditions of the world will not a word was said by Gov. Co:x: upon the League· of "Nations or be :-estored to their usual · courses? Were we to wait until upon any matter of broad national policy. His speeches we-re conditions :Should be restored like unto rthose prevailing in the confined solely to a denunciation of the ·Republican Party for piping times of pea..ce, or were we courageously to do the ve:ry the great fund .alleged to have heen raised to "buy the voters"; best we could to write a tariff bill which .miglrt remedy the ,but .:fm:ced day by day by the irresistible logic .of the facts to conditions, bad enough as they ru:e, but which will inevitably -reduce the amount further and further, he -:was ·finally forced ~-ow worse from •clay to day so long as the Underwood law is down to .a sum even less than that spent to elect his predecessor, permitted to remain on the statute books of the United States? and the whole issue fell by the bea-rd. We have chO'sen the most difficult course, ·perhaps, but it was One ·can hardly blame G.ov. Cox ; he had an indefensible the right course, and we have no apologies·to make. case; and, mo1·eover, he was brought up in that school of :\fr. GARi'lER. ·wm the gentleman yield right thet-e? Democracy in my State which at one time was well -represented Mr. .'LONGWOR'TIH. I will. by lhe Hon. Ike Hill, who occupied at one time, I think, the l\fr. GARNER. Realizing the gentleman's difficulty in this position of -Deputy Sergeant at Arms in ·the CSenate. ··He was matter, I wa:s wondering-- regarded as .a great p1·ognostieator of political events, and he Mr. LONGWORTH. The "gentleman" has not admitted any was de'tailing on a certain occasion·to .some Democratic·Senators difficulty. at the Capitol here the results of a visit he'had-recen.tJy made to !Mr. GARNER (continuing). What became of the Long­ Ohio, and he said, "Gentlemen, we a:ce _going to win, and we are worth resolution, which p1·ovided you might displace this chaotic going to win big, ·unless·the other fellows ·buy us." [Laughter.] 1aw on the statute books wd put this bill into effect at on:ee. That was the issue upon which Gov. Cox started his cam­ Mr. LONG.WORTH. There was -some objection originally on paign, and it is the main issue that the minority now bring up the part of certain members of my party ·to putting into force in feeble criticism of what-we ha.-e done-in this bill. [Applause rates they had not seen. That objection would ne.-er rest to-dny, on the Republican side.] I had hoped that this tariff bill, so because they approve the rates. vitally important as it is to the welfai·e.of America, might have ~Ir. GARNER. Mr. Ohairmnn, will the gentl£man yield been discussed upon a high plane . throughout the debate. but there? ·the minority has ·made it all but impossible to do so. Your :Mr. LONGWORTH. But, unfortunately, we have to depend minority report is not an economic document. It is a how 1-a on another body, and there are at least a few men in that long, low, lugubrious howl. · body belonging to the gentleman1.s party who will filibuster I .frankly admit that I was one of those who advocated the against any proposition to put protective rates into effect, and amendment of the taxation laws before we took up the tr:riff. that is the reason why nothing further is going to be done as [Applause.] But at that time I fol1ll.d myself nearly alone in to that. [Applause on the Republican side.] r the House, apparently, and I accepted, of course, the judg­ You say i:'llrtber in _your report: ment of the majority of my colleagues. ~ belieye(l then, and I We won the war, but we lost the peace. still believe, that the ultimate enactment of this tariff law 3616 CO:NGRESSION 1\_I.~ RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 12,

would not have been delayed by that proposition. I believed­ Mr. LONGWORTH. There is much in what the gentleman and stilt believe that the first thing that the country wanted says; but I feel at -least now that it would not be advisable to was to be relieYed at once· from the obnoxious and burden­ give. to the Tariff Commission the power to recommend any some taxes under ,..,.hich we are now staggering. But now· my specific rates of duty, and I doubt whether I would like to gi-ve inteYest· is to pass this bill as speedily as possible. The them the power to recommend any matters which would invol-ve country wants action, and not words. I am glad that this rule real changes in national policy. limits closely as it does the time that might be wasted, per­ Mr. ANDREWS. Will the gentleman yield for a question? haps, in prolonged discussion of the bill's merits, and, as far as Mr. LONGWORTH. Yes. I am concerned, I am going to confine myself just as briefly Mr. ANDREWS. Is Dot the Secretary .of the Treasury- the a · I can to four ouU3tanding features of this bill. - real administrative force- with reference to the administrative 1\fr, GARNER. Before the gentleman goes to those features, provisions of the law? will he kindly inform the House about when, in his opinion, Mr. LONGWORTH. He is. As I look back upon the days this bill will become a law? -The gentleman from Ohio has of the framing of the Payne law-and there are only two Mem­ been prophesying a good deal. I would like to have that bers of this House who were members of the Ways and l\Ieans prophecy. - Committee of that time, the gentleman from 1\Iichigaq [l\1r. l\fr. LONHWORTH. " The gentleman from Ohio " has FoRDNEY], chairman of the committee, and myself-! am im­ prophesied occasional!~·, he -ventures to believe with some ac­ pressed more than anything else by the difference then and curacy, as to what this House might do, but not as to what now in conditions from the international viewpoint. Then we another body may do. were a debtor nation. To-day we are a creditor nation, the l\1r. GARNER. You decline to make any prediction what­ greatest creditor in the world's history. Europe owes us $14,- ever as to when this bill will become a law? 000,000,000, more than $10,000,000,000 in loans and nearly l\Ir. LONGWORTH. - I decline, and for the reason only that $4,000,000,000 in unsettled balances for export. Under such I can not tell how-much wind there may be in Democratic Sena- conditions I think even the most rigid protectionist would hesi­ tors to filibuster against it. [Laughter.] · tate to advocate a tariff so high as to prevent Europe from 1\Ir. STEVENSON. l\1r. Chairman, will the gentleman yield doing any business whatever in the American market.· But the for a question? I am -..,.ery much interested in the question of countries of Europe are high-cost countries compared with the revision of taxation. Can the gentleman give us any proph­ others with which they are in competition, notably the Orient ecy as to when the taxation bill will likely be reported into this and South America, and duties designed to permit Europe to House? I will ask that question of the gentleman not from the deal freely in this market might subject it to absolute swamp­ partisan standpoint, but from my interest in business. ing by the products of the Orient and South America. In other ~1r. LONGWORTH. I understand that the gentleman is not words, an attempt to benefit those countries which are our asking that from a partisan standpoint, and I hope that nothing largest debtors might inure solely to the benefit of those coun­ I ha-re said so far can be construed as having been said from a tries which owe us nothing. I believe in a tariff sufficiently partisan standpoint. In reply to the gentleman I will say that high against the world to preserve a fair opportunity in the if on the very day after we pass this tariff bill the Ways and American market for the American producer; but I believe also Means Committee shall meet and take up immediate considera­ that · it should be sufficiently. flexible in some cases to enable us tion of the taxation bill, I see no reason why we can not report to give some countries certain advantages here in return for it to this House within two weeks or, at the outside, three receiving certain advantages in their markets. weeks, and pass it right off. [Applause.] Such a consummation, I concede, is difficult of attainment. 1\Ir. CARTER. There is no reason why it can not be done, and has never been hitherto satisfactorily worked out. . Reci­ but it will not be done. procity has never been a success i1l this country and, in my Mr. LONGWORTH. The subjects I propose to discuss are judgment, never will be, requiring, as it may, the action not four in number, representing substantial c:hanges in policy upon only of the Senate but of the House, and precipitating a gen­ which previous tariff laws, both Democratic and Republican, eral tariff discussion on each occasion. And while provisions were based. In the first place, I propose to discuss the bar­ for reciprocity treaties have been made in this bill I haye little gaining clause in this bill; second, the pro-vision -us to American expectation, as I have already indicated, that many, if any, -valuation of imports subject to ad Yalorem duties; third, the will be satisfactorily negotiated by this administration. There new wool schedule; and, fourth, the chemical schedule, par­ is, however, a provision in this bill under which trade agree­ ticularly as it relates to a new and no-vel treatment of coal-tar ments may be made which will inure both to our advantage products imported into this country. and to the adYantage of certain other nations, primarily, I hope, l\Ir. LONDON. Will the gentleman yield for a question? those which are largely indebted to us. I refer to the provision l\1r. LONGWORTH. I yield to the gentleman from New which authorizes the President to reduce the con-ventional duties YorL:. in this bill by 20 per cent in the case of foreign nations with l\Ir. ·LONDON. To what extent has the Tariff Commission whom he may negotiate trade agreements in return for our re­ contributed to the authorship of this bill? ceiving the benefits of their minimum tariffs on certain of our Mr. LONGWORTH. In so far as.the furnishing of complete commodities. I can conceive of nothing which will haYe a more and accurate information upon which the various schedules beneficial effect upon the enlargement and retention of our ex­ coultl be predicated, it has contributed an enormous and in-valu­ port trade than the inclusion in this bill of section 303 of title able amount. In so far as recommending any broad policies or 3, which makes of this tariff a bargaining tariff. The duties in rates of duty, it has contributed nothing. this bilf are high; not so high as in the _Dingley law and not so Mr. MOORE of Virginia. Will the gentleman yield? high as in the Payne law, the gentleman from Texas [l\1r. GAR­ Mr. LONG,VORTH. Certainly. NER] to the contrary notwithstanding. They are not so high Mr. MOORE of Virginia. Simply to show the scope of the as many of the duties in many nations with whom we are to­ actiYities of the Tariff Commission and the use that has been day in competition, but high enough to check the flood of im­ made of its work, I wish to suggest" that almost entirely the ports that would enter this country under the Underwood law administrative laws incorporated in the bill are those proposed were it permitted to remain upon the statute books. If, how­ by the Tariff Commission. _ ever, no flexibility at all were allowed in the administration of l\lr. LONG,VORTH. The administrati-ve sections are largely those duties, it might be that some countries would initiate proposed by the Tariff Commission as the result of an investi­ measures of retaliation, and in such cases, in my judgment, a gation that they made covering some three years, but those maximum tariff is of little avail. But if other nations know provisions do not relate to any question of national policy, but that the President of the United States has it in his power to merely to the enforcement of such. laws as Congress may see give them certain special advantages in our market in return fit to pass. for certain special advantages in theirs, I haYe every confidence ~Ir. l\fOORE of Virginia. I quite understand that. If the that instead of discrimination against our eX})orts there will be gentleman will permit me to interrupt him further, I wish to encouragement of them by many countries and that an era of say that my own view, which, perhaps, may be worth nothing, good feeling in our international commerce will be inaugurated, is that the Tariff Commission should be intrusted with very unexampled in our history. much larger powers, including the duty to make recommenda­ I entirely agree with the gentleman from Texas [l\Ir. G.u:­ tions with respect to rates; and it seems to me that the Tariff NER], who is leading the minority against this bill, on the Commission has demonstrated its capacity by being able to com­ proposition that legislation the effect of which would be to pile in its report of 1918 a large body of amendments to the curtail our export trade would be most unwise. But I entirely adininistratiYe customs law which ha-re I'eceiYed the approval disagree with him in the thought that our export trade should of the Ways and Mean · Committee and are embodied in this be encouraged at the expense of our dominance in our own bill. markets. [Applause on the Republican side.] Can anything •

1921. CONGRESS! ON AL R,ECORD-HOUSE. be more certain, gentlemen, than that ·in· order to ship our less confronted by such a criSIS as now exists in the matter goods abroad we must have competent industries in this coun· of foreign exchange. The assessment of ad valorem duties try to produce them? Can anything be more certain than that based on home valuations has been a part of the tariff policy if we open our doors wide to the products of other countries, of many countries,. and as I tmderstand it has invariably worked produced by infinitely cheaper labor, our industries at home successfully. Even in normal times duties assessed upon values must inevitably go by the board and we will have no means of of ~portations in our own market would be preferable to their producing commodities to ship abroad? assessment upon the value of goods in the foreign market. In Yet, in the face of these undeniable facts, it appears to be the first place, when pr:oper machinery for its administration the position of the Democratic Party that the rates of duty in is inaugurated-and that in my judgmellt can be done in a the Underwood. law, the lowest rates in existence for 50 years, comparatively short time-it will be sim];ller, more expeditious, are too high. This was admitted yesterday on the floor of and more economical. It will bring about a 11.nifoJ,·m assess­ this House by a member of the Ways and Means Committee, ment of duties for the same merchandise. fro.m countries having the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. CoLLIER], one who, I different costs of production. It is apparent that it will be believe, more accurately represents the opinion of th.e majoTity easier and less expensive to secure evidence to maintain values in of his colle~gues than does the gentleman from Texas [Mr. ca~s before the Board of General Appraisers as to the Ameri­ GARNER]. Unfortunately, we do not find the remarks of the can sel1iD.g price and as to foreign va:l:ues. The power to secure gentleman from Mississippi in the RECORD this morning. It facts regarding values will be in the hands of om own officials. seems to be the abiding ru1e upon the Democratic side of this 4.n equal am-ount of revenue in many cases will be produced House that any speech made on a revenue bill by any member by a much lower duty. The American manufacturer will have of the committee is kept indefinitely out of the RECORD. Not increased actual protection and will be a party to the furnish­ one speech made by a member of the Ways and Means Com­ ing of reliable evidence. So much for the advisability of this mittee so far in the discussion of 'this bill appears in the system in normal times. . RECORD to-day. . The need for it becomes infinitely more pressing in these days Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. On eith-er side. of chaos in foreign exchange. To-day there is scarcely a coun­ lUr. LONGWORTH. Some speeches were withheld from pub­ try with whom we ·do business where the &change value of lication on the revenue bill in the last session for months, and their currency has not fallen between 1.0 and 90 per cent, and the most eloquent speech made in the last Congress by a very the rates -of exchange :fluctuate from day to day. Consequently prominent gentleman ~n that side has never appeared in the the foreign values expressed in the terms of these cUl·renci€S RECORD. also fluctuate from day to day. Und€r said circumstances ;it So I may be pardoned in commenting on the remarks of the would be utterly impossible if we did not abandon th-e foreign gentleman from Mississippi yesterday, and· I am subject to valuation system to get the rates of duty intended. correction if I should by uny chance misquote him. I asked 1\fr. DENISON. Mr. Ohairman, will the gentleman yiel€1? the gentleman from :Mississippi the specific question, whether Mr. LONGWORTH. Yes. the rates of duty in the Underwood law were in his opinion Mr. DENISON. Will the gentleman state what gystem of too high or too low, and he replied that in his opinion they valuation is followed by the principal countries of the world were too low. He said that all bars should be taken down with which we do business? . against the free importation of goods from Europe, and par­ Mr. LONGWORTH. I could not state offhand now just what ticularly from those nations which owed us large sums of countries have the home value and the foreign value. I know money. I asked him then if his position on that subject was that Japan has the home valuation, as w:en as Holland, Belgium, so rigid that it cou1d not be influenced by the fact that other and some others, but I shall get the information for the gentle­ countries raised their duties against us, an{l he said it was. man later. I think it is conceded that there iS no man in the I said, " Suppose every country in the world should put high United States m-ore competent to speak authoritatively on this protective rates against the American exp01is, wou1d you still qu-estion than the Secretary of Commerce, Mr. lilerbert Hoo\er. favor reduction of duties in the Underwood law," and he said, It is his department which will have more to de than any oth€r " I would." In other words. be said in effect, " I want to make with the acquisition. of information for the determining of the American market. a free place for the importati-on of all American values, and there is no· man in the world to-day, per­ European articles so that it will be the most prosperous coun­ haps, who is more familiar with the present and past conditions try in the world, notwithstanding the fact that eve-ry other of international trade. country may put high tariff barriers against the importation Mr. MADDEN. 1\fr. Chairman, wilt the gentleman yield? of our articles in their markets." Conceive what would happen Mr. LONGWORTH. Yes. . to thi~ countl·y if any such policy were ever carried out. Woe Mr. MADDEN. Might it not well happen if we teok the for­ to American industry, woe to American labor if any party eign valuation that in many cases we would get not to exceed should ever come into power in this country dominated by 10 per cent of the rates fixed and in no case more than 75 per such a policy as that. cent. A most important provision in the bill is that which inaugu­ Mr. LONGWORTH. Very possibly, depending upon the rates the American valuation in case of ad valorem duties. terms of the currency in which that \alue was expressed. Secre­ This seems to excite the wrath of the minority more than al­ tary Hoover appeared before the Ways and Means Committee on most any other provision in this bill, I presum~ because it is the 3d of May last. Among other questions he was asked by the a distinctively American policy. The word "American" always very distinguished and learned gentleman from Georgia [Mr. seems to excite the indignation of the democracy. CRisP] to express his opinion as to the advisability of the Ameri­ 1\fr. FESS. Will the gentleman yield? can valuation system. Secretary Hoever said: l\11:. LONGWORTH. I will yield to the gentleman. l\fy impression is that with the unstable currency a.nd exchange situa· Mr. FESS. I do not want to ask any questions of my col­ tion we have in a large part of Europe to-day there is practically no other alternative. · league if it will interrupt him. Mr. LONGWORTH. I shall be delighted to yield. A little later he said : 'So far I have seen no inspiration of a better method or a work­ 1\fr. FESS. Before the gentleman goes to the question of the able alternative that would meet this wide variation between economic American valuation I have a question I would like to have values and exchange values. answered, because there have been numerous inquiries of me. During th-e course of his testimDny the gentleman from Con­ Suppose a country has a duty on imported articles from our necticut [Mr. TrrsoN] asked him this question : country of a competitive character, and we have no duty upon In the meanwhile what is going to happen to same of om· industries the articles coming from that country. What is the provision that are now facing thls abnormal competition of •which you speak? in the bill for our protection? Take agricultural implements, Unless we do something by wa,y of Americun valuation to take care of this depression in the foreign currency what is going to happen to for instance. some of our industries, many of them long established, that are now Mr. LOl~GWORTH. There is no general provision in this .facing this German competition? bill which applies to that, but there are some special provi­ The Secretary at that time was talking particularly of condi­ sions which give to the President the right to negotiate with tions in Germany, to which I shall advert a little later on in my countries imposing restrictions against us with the view o-f in­ remarks. He replied: ducing them to remove those restrictions, and in case they fail I am thoroughly imbued with a notion that we must have protection to- do so h€ may impo:~e similar restrictions against them. of a very large order. We must ha\'e such protection as will enable Mr. FESS. Then that sihmtion is not overlooked. Qur people to weather through this period and to boW their own Mr. LONGWORTH. The situation is not overlooked. afterwards. So far :rs I am concerned, my only regret is that the Ameri­ That is pretty good American doctrine. ::llr. Trrso:s- further can valuation system was not established years ago. I thhik asked: Could an,Y reasanablc duties be made tba t we..uld meet this ext!·eme the failure to estttMish tt is lue te th-e natnxal in.ertia that Co:n­ condition? And in addition to substantint dutie:- mu. t we not cJo g.Jress always ha- in chan-ging :from on~ s:sstem to another, ~ something else? I mean in addition to dutie-.;: bagetl on fa1·eign \':.tlWl 3618 CONGRESSION.A.L RECORD-HOUSE. JULY ·12, tions, must we not either by American valuations or by handling the 1\Ir. LONGWORTH. I appreciate the opposition of the gen­ que ·tion in some other way. meet this question or suffer the con- sequences? . · tleman to this very safe and sound method of obtaining values. Secretary HoovER. I intended to convey that meaning a moment ago Mr. CHINDBLOl\1. Will tb,e gentleman yield? · when I said that I could see no alternative at present except American Mr. LONGWORTH. I will. valuation. :Mr. CHINDBLOM. Of course, the committee had before it The gentleman from Texas [Mr. qABNER] the other day the cost of production in this country as well as in Europe. made the broad general assertion that American valuation nee- Mr. LONGWORTH. In some cases-- essarily means an increase of duties so great as to amount prac- Mr. CAREW. The gentleman just stated he did not know tically to prohibition of importations. anything about it. . With all due regard for the ordinary accuracy of state- Mr. LONG,VORTH. No; my only assertion as to lack of ment of my friend from Texas, that statement has absolutely knowledge pertained to that of the gentleman from New York- no foundation in fact. not myself. Mr. GARNER. That is the same character of statement that Mr. cm:r-..rnBLOl\1. After all, the cost of production is what the gentleman just made. concerns us from a protecti>e standpoint. l\Ir. LONGWORTH. I am going to show what the situation is. Mr. LONGWORTH. In great part; and we tried to investi- Mr. CHINDBLOl\f. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? gate it as fully as possible. Mr. LONGWORTH. Yes. Mr. COCKRAN. Will the gentleman allow me a question, l\Ir. CHINDBLOM. Have the ad valorem rates in the Ford- if it· does not interrupt his line of argument, right in the line ney bill been based upon the AmeriCan valuation plan in all of the last question? To what extent was the gentleman or the instances? committee able to ascertain the cost of production with refer- 1.\Ir. LONGWORTH. They have, and that is the reason why ence to any article emb1:aced in the schedules? they have been very greatly reduced from all of the ad valorem Mr. LONGWORTH. It would be impossible to answer the rates in the Payne law. question categorically. In some cases, I frankly admit, it was Mr. CHINDBLOM. So that at the present time the proposed impossible. There were many cases in the chemical schedule bill will bring the revenues contemplated under the plan of an where it was utterly impossible-in fact, generally speaking, in American valuation of goods. dealing with chemicals it is usually impossible to ascertain the Mr. LONGWORTH. Precisely; and the rates will be the exact cost of production of any particular chemical, because same as against every country, no matter what their local value the production of chemicals is so interwoven that it is impos- may be or the cost of production in that country. sible to segregate individual units; but the subcommittee of 1.\fr. GARNER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? which I was chairman had very complete information of Mr. LONGWORTH. Yes. another character with reference to every chemical mentioned Mr. GARNER. If I understand the gentleman, he ascertained in this bill. We had all the importations for the year 1913. . the American valuation in order to levy the rates in this bill? We had the price at which those importations were entered 1.\fr. LONGWORTH. The gentleman made. no such assertion. for consumption in 1913 _::t.nd 1920. Furthermore, we had the The trouble with the gentleman's argument the other day was home value as quoted in the official chemical journals for each that he assumes· a thing which is not the fact. Nobody. knows one of those chemical in 1913 and 1920, and in addition to that what the American or the foreign valuation of i.tny article is to we had the value as of the iniddle of April of this year on be until it is investigated. · · every one of them, and with those facts as a basis I believe we Mr. GARNER. Was the gentleman pre.<:;ent yesterday when ha>e pretty nearly obtained a basis for a scientific imposition his colleague, Mr. FREAR, made the statement that he, Mr. of duties. FREAR, ascertained the American valuations in the agricultural l\Ir. COCKR.A.l'f. ·would it trouble the gentleman at all if I schedule and reduced the rates below the Payne rates, and may ask him another question? I do not want to interrupt his I add in that connection that he also stated that he knew noth- argument. ing about what the policy was of the other subcommittees? . Mr. LONGWORTH. Not at all. Mr. LONGWORTH. I do not think the gentleman made any · Mr. COCKRAN. Is there a single item in the schedule in such statement ; I did not hear it; but I am sure he did not which the gentleman actually believes he has ascertained the make it. actual cost of production? Mr. FREAR. No. •- l\Ir. LOXGWORTH. I think there are a large number, prob- Mr. GARl'i""ER. It is in the RECORD this morning. ablj·. . Mr. FREAR. My statement, if the gentleman will examine Mr. COCKRAN. One more question, because I attach great the RECORD, is to the effect I could not answer as to what the importanye to the gentleman's news-- other subcommittees had done, but we had passed-upon all of Mr. LONGWORTH. I would be glad to gi>e the gentleman these rates at that time as fully and as intelligently as was a little later some very illuminating information '\\ith regard done by any prior committee. to the cost of the production of all articles in Germany from Mr. LONGWORTH. I think I can relie>e the mind of my the testimony of 1\lr. Hoo>er. friend from Texas. Mr. COCKRA.l."\T. Very well. Just ane more question and I l\Ir. CAREW. Will the gentleman be kind enough to tell us will not interrupt the gentleman again. Is the gentleman's how he was able to know how much reduction to make on these conclusion as. to the cost of production based upon a money rate ad valorem rates if he was not able to make any comparison of wages? , between American and foreign values? Previous tariff rates Mr. LONG\VORTH. Not in>ariably. were always based, at least ad valorem rates were always based, Mr. COCKRAN. Well, mainly? on a certain per cent of the foreign value. This proposition is Mr. LONGWORTH. I think that is a most important feature to base them on a certain percentage of the American value. of the question, particularly in the case of articles on which a Now, it is said the American value is higher. How much higher very large amount of labor is expended. I am sure I do not know, but it seems to me it would be neces- 1.\ir. ANDREWS. Will the gentleman yield for a question? sar> in order to make a proper reduction in the rates, that we Mr. LONGWOR'.fH. I will. ought to know what at least is the difference in the AmericR;n 1.\fr. ANDREWS. When the importer approaches the customs value and the foreign value. [Applause on the Demoeratlc officer to enter his goods, how will that customs officer proceed side.] to determine the basis of -valuation according to the American 1.\fr. LONGWORTH. Well, if there is any gentleman seated standard? on that side who framed the ad valorem rates in the Under- l\Ir. LONGWORTH. That is set forth with much detail in the wood law, I would like to ask him what the foreign valuation bill. It would be very unprofitable for me now to discuss the of those goods were. -various details as to the determination of the question of Mr. CAREW. Well, of course, we are not going to deal with value. 1\:Iuch discretion is left to the American officer and much what gentlemen did in 1913; we would like very much to know discretion is left to the foreign officer. It is purely a matter of what the gentleman is doing to-day. [Applause on the Demo- administering details so abundantly set forth in the bill. cratic side.] 1.\Ir. LONDON. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. LONGWORTH. If the gentleman will inform me as to 1.\ir. LONGWORTH. I will. . the foreign valuation of the goods provided for under the- Mr. LONDON. The American valuation invol>es various Underwood law, I will inform him of the American valuation >aluations at the -various ports? provided for under this law. Of course, on the face of it the l\fr. LONGWORTH. No. question is absurd, because no one knows what the value of - Mr. LONDON. Take the case presented yesterday by .the anything is until the value is determined-- ·gentleman from California [1.\ir. LINEBERGER], of the competition 1.\it. CAREW. Then how in the name of God could you re- of Italian lemons with lemons from California. They could not duce. these rat('S pro~rtionately?. - bring the lemons of California to New York, because, I presume, 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE~ 3619

of the heavy freight. Kow, in fixing the importation o~ im­ l\Ir. LONGWORTH. I do not think I quite understand the ported lemons at the port of Kew York what would be the valua­ gentleman's question. tion and cost at New York; at San Francisco, or New Orleans? Mr. BEGG. Suppose the same article were brought into this 1\Ir. LONGWORTH. A mere reading Qf the definition of the country from two different countries, and say the cheaper article word " value " in the· bill answers the question of the gentleman. is inferior' in quality:. In section 402 of Title IV it says: Mr. LONGWORTH. The duty would be the same on similar Except as otherwise pro·dded by law, the word "value" wherever articles. The question would be whether they were similar. used in this act or in any other law relating to the appraisement or Mr. BEGG. That would be the only question? .. the classification of imported merchandise shall mean the price on the date of exportation of the imported merchandise at which comparable Mr. LONGWORTH. Absolutely. There would be no other and competitive produ~ts of .the United States wer~. ordinarily sold or question than the question of similarity. freely offei·ed for sale m the usual wholesale quantities. Now, let me refer t() the case of the hat cited by my friend That is, the general market price of similar articles in the from Texas [Mr. GARNER]. We will assume that he was correct American market. It does not involve the particular price tbat in his assumption as to values. The duty would not be prohibi­ may prevail at a particular port of entry due to transportation tive upon his own statement. He will understand it after I costs or otherwise. It is the value of the particular product explain it to him, I have no doubt, because he has a ...-ery ac- in the wholesale markets of the United States, and provision quisitive mind. · is made for determining that valuation. Now, suppose you attempt to bring in that dollar hat, to com­ Referring again to the general statement of the gentleman pete in the American. market against a $2 hat. What you have from Texas [1\fr. GARNER] that the American valuation system to decide upon, first, is whether you can compete in this market. necessarily means higher duties in many cases amounting to First you must determine what the duty is going to be, and then prohibition, of course, it is true that duties may be so high as what the transportation charge is going to be, as my friend from to amount to practical prohibition, but that may happen under Illinois [Mr. MANN] indicated. Now, the duty on that hat is foreign valuation just as easily as under American valuation. based on the American value. Assume all the facts that the It is all a question of the size of the duty, and you \Yill observe gentleman stated; 40 per cent on $2. is 80 cents. The man who that the ad valorem duties in this bill are almost invariably desires to import that hat adds 80 cents to his dollar. That is less, in many cases very much less, than the duties imposed in its value. How much will it cost to transport that hat? The the P~yne Act, and in a large number of cases they are even transportation of hats, I assume, is very cheap. A large esti­ substantially less than the duti.es imposed in the Underwood mate for the transportation cost of that hat here would be 10 Act. There is no rule of thumb, as some of these questions that cents, in my judgment. Add your 10 cents to your $1.80; it have been recently asked me seem to suppose, by which it can costs the importer then to land that hat here $1.90. He is com­ be determined in advance whether American· valuation means peting agail.lst a $2 article, and yet the gentleman from Texas higher duties than foreign Yaluation or not. It all depends on says we are putting the b~r so high as to amount to a prohi· the size of the duty and the difference between the foreign value bition. and the American value in each particular case. Of course, in l\1r. GARNER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? a majority of cases it can be generally stated that foreign valua­ 1\!r. LONGWORTH. Yes. tions of similar goods are less than American valuations simply 1\lr. GARNER. I made the statement that the rate on hats because the cost of materials and the cost of labor employed in in this bill of $10 a dozen was greater than the rate in the · their production abroad is less than here. But there are also Payne law. It is $10 per dozen plus 20 per cent. That is many articles in which the foreign ...-aluation is higher than the fourteen dollars and some cents for the importation of a dozen American valuation. hats valued at $24. Under the Payne law it would be $12. l\Ir. MA.l-.TN. I do not want to take the time of the gentle­ I think it is automatically true to anybody who can make a .. man-- calculation at all that the rate under this bill on. one dozen l\fr. LONGWORTH. I will be glad to yield to the gentleman. hats that cost $24 is greater than the rate in the Payne bill. Mr. MANN. Is it not ordinarily the case that where goods l\ir: LONGWORTH. But the gentleman merely used that as are imported from a foreign country to the United States sub­ an illustration to his general proposition that these rates were ject to an ad valorem duty that the value of the goods in the necessarily higher than the Payne bill. United States is very close to foreign value plus the duty? l\Ir. GARI\TER. It costs a larger duty to import hats at $24 l\1r. LONGWORTH. I think the gentleman is correct. per dozen under this bill than it did under the Payne bill. l\Ir. l\IANN, I should suppose naturally the American valua­ 1\fr. GREEN of Iowa. The gentleman from Texas is alto­ tion, regardless of the question of exchange-and I do not fully . gether wrong. understand that-would result in simply increasing the ad 1\!r. LONGWORTH. If the gentleman will name me one valorem rates where the duty is ad valorem, because the ad article with a 40 per cent duty on an American valuation where · \·a101·em rate is added to the foreign valu.ation to make the the difference between the foreign and American valuation in American valuation. The only reason for the American valua­ the instance citetl is 50 per cent, where, for instance, the for~ tion, as I understand·, or the principal reason, is so that the eign valuation is a dollar and the home valuation is $2; if he value of goods coming from different countries into the United Will show me one instance where such a rate is prohibitive, States may be fairly the same. then I will grant that he is right. Mr. LONGWORTH. Fairly the same. l\1r. GARNER. The rate of $10 per dozen plus 20 per cent is Mr. l\IANN. Instead of a low value on goods that may be greater than 50 per cent ad valorem on a dozen hats. produced in Japan or Germany and a higher value on competi­ 1\Ir. LONGWORTH. In the case supposed, which may or tive goods coming from France or England or some other may not be correct-- country. 1\fr. GAR~R. You have it in the bill; hats, $24 per dozen; l\Ir. LONGWORTH. And all difficulties incident to the ex­ sou levy $10 as duty, plus 20 per cent, which makes 62 ~ per pressed value in terms of depreciated currency, constantly vary­ cent. ing, will be eliminated entirely. Here is the practical way it 1.\fr. LONGWORTH. Precisely; but you overlook the deter­ works out: Take a given duty, and the duty, for instance, the mination of the ad valorem duty. I reply to the gentleman that same iu this law as in the Payne law, would be higher than the he can not mention one instance where the difference is such Payne Tates on articles on which the foreign valuation was very as in his particular case, goods selling abroad at a dollar, low; but as the foreign yaluation approaches the American goods selling here at $2, where a 40 per cent rate, whether valuation the duties relath:ely decrease, so that when you get higher than the Underwood bill or the Payne bill, is other than to an article which is sold abroad the value abroad is the same a competitive rate. as the American value and the duty would be precisely the 1\Ir. GARNER. If you will apply the American valuation to same. And when you get two articles-and there are a great the Underwood law, it would be greater than under the Payne many of them-where the foreign value is greater than the law. Here is a hat that cost $1.50 under the Payne law, be­ American value, that would be less here than even under the cause you aad 50 per cent ad Yalorem. Apply the 40 per cent in Underwood law. I 'Will refer to that historic hat in a few . the Underwood law to the American valuation of that hat, and minutes and illustrate where the gentleman from Texas abso­ you \YOuld have 60 per cent charged at the customhouse. lutely damned his case by his own argument. Mr. LONGWORTH.· In the case cited 40 per cent of the . Mr. BEGG. Will the gentleman yield? American valuation on $2 as against a dollar is higher than the Mr. LONGWORTH. I will. Payne rate. Mr. BEGG. Say a penknife is brought in from Germany and l\1r. GARNER. I did not say $2. Here is a hat that I say one from Japan, and the Japan penknife in our money and in is imported for $1 in the foreign market. Under the Payne law our country would sell for 50 cents. Would the gentleman make it costs you $1.50. Therefore that must have been the market it clear just what value would be fixed to get the duty on it? price, if scientifically drawn. Now, applying the 40 per- cent LXI--228 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 12,

:rate to the American nuuation of the hat, it ls $1.50 instead 1\fr. TI:USON: Does it not mean one thing further? Does it of 60 cents as in the Payne law. not mean A certainty whiCh 'YOU ne"er can have so long as we Mr. LONGWORTH. illu you could land it here for $1.90, depend absolutely upon the word of the fol'eign importer? • with transportation paid. And yet the gentleman says that is 1\fr. LONGWOR':rH. Absolutely; and it 1prevents also that sys­ prohibitive. tematic undervaluation abroad which loses to this counh·y mil­ Mr. BACHARA.CH. Mr~ Chairunan, will the gentleman 'Yield? lions of dollars a year. .Mr. LONGWORTH. Certainly. . M.r • .ROSE. Will the .gentleman yield? Mr. BACHARACH. How many hats do you imagine woulu Mr. LONGWORTH. I yie1a to the gentleman from Penn­ be imported into this country if the Underwood law was func­ sylvania. tioning as it did before the war!! .!How many straw .hats do 'YOU M1·. ROSE. It .has been said that we are going to have great suppose would be made .in this country? I would like the gen­ trouble in collecting the debts owed us by some foreign coun­ tleman. from Texas i:o answer, if he may. tries. 'Will · the gentleman give me an answer to that proposi­ Mr. ·GARNER. Let me ask the gentleman from New Jersey tion, in which it is said that this present law, as it is now pro­ where is the country of the principal importation of .hats to posed, will prollibit foreigh countries from paying us the debts this country? What countries? that 1tbey now owe us? Mr. BACHARACH. The gentleman is speaking of men1s Mr. LONGWORTH. If the gentleman llad been here at the straw hats? opening of my remarks, he would have noted my .reference to a Mr. GARNER. Yes. speci1ic pTovision of this bill which gives a certain amount of Mr. BACHARACH. From Japan. 1lex:ibillty in the administration of !these laws, both for our Mr. GARNER. No. The principal :part is made in Italy and benefit and for .the benefit of our debtor countl.ies, to be admin­ China. They do not come from Japan at all. istered by tbe P!!esident of the United States. 'Mr. BACHARACH. I would like the gentleman to show me. There is one -schedule in this bill that seems to bTing grievous Mr. GARNER. All ·you ha:ve rto ·do is to pick up the survey disappointment to the minority, and that is the wool schednle. made by the Department of Commerce. My friend from Texas [Mr. GARNER] worked himself into a high Mr. BACHARACH. 'Some straw hats .are ·imported from ·state of indignation over it. Of course, he and his colleagues England and some from Japan. had hoped that the old, worn-out system carried for so many J.Ir. ·GARNER. And a great number frorp Ital31-. years in 'for:mer tariff laws, of assessing •duties upon the grease :i\I:r . .BACHARACH. Harvest 1hats, ,not men's straw hats. potmd of woo1, would be retained. 'lJbey wanted another oppor­ Mr~ LONGWORTH. I only -referred to the ;gentleman's llat tunity to ra!V'e at the iniqUities df Schedule K. But 'the wool in oTder to show that the general statement of the gentleman schedule •carried in this bill is not Schednle K •or anything like from Texas that· the duties in this bill based on American vain­ it. While it gives .far more effective 'protection to American won are so high as to be prohlbitive js not true as to a single woolgrowers, it very greatly reduces the duties on all manu­ item in this bill, and I challenge him to contradict it. We will factures of wool, from ~arns up to finished clothing, and this let it go at that. is made possible by the change in the system of the assessment Mr. BLAl~TON. Will the gentleman kindly yield for a ques­ of the duty. I will explain in detail just what that change is. ti011 •on the bat proposition? Under the ;payne law ·and under the previous tariff laws the Mr. LONGWORTH. Xes. duty was assessed at the rate of 1~ cent-s u pound on Taw wool, 1\lr. BLAl~TON. How is the gentleman from Ohio going to 22 cents a pound on washed :wool, and 83 cents a pound on square hiillHelf with the American hat manufacturers when he scoured wool. This was on the theory that all wool shrinks admits that he has failed to protect them, 1n that lle permits a between the raw condition and the scoured condition 66~ per hat t-o come here from France a:t $:L90, as against a $2 American cent. Possibly that may have been ·true when that system was hat? first inaugurated, more than 60 years ago, but it is not true Mr. LONGWORTH.. The gentleman from Ohio proceeds upon now, and has not been true for many years. As a matter of an entirely different principle in his votes on tariff bills than fact, practically all the wool imported under the Payne law does the gentleman from ·Texas. The tariff, in the estilnation shrank ori'ly 33s per cent instead of 66i per cent. Therefore the of the gentleman from Ohio, is not ana never ought to be ,a local importer for the 11 cents duty got 'twice the amount of 1·ea1 issue. [Applause.] wool that the law intended him to get, :and the produParis for $500, and in New York the price is -$500. The latter system was the vice of Sche

1 · ~fr. LO. G WORTH. If the gentleman will permit, I am com- 1 gr_ew up; which. made millions· of''dollars· in time of peace·; which ing to that and I am about to discuss it. ~ controlled· the markets of the> woDid; wllich sold to us here- in Mr. LAZARO. I want to know what percentage· Germany, 11 America· 9Q. PeJJ' cent of our dyes· at any price they. chose. And manufa<:tured prior to the declaration of war, and the· pa:rt that so it waS: that the day war was- declared' we founcf ourselves in it played during the- war. 1 just the position in which any country ought to find· itsel:fl if it 1\;Ir. LONHWORTH. I will give the gentleman all these facts, is content eveD to be reliant wholly upon. one other nation so but I must go ahead. - far as- bedrock necessities- both for peace and wav are con- :Jlft. CHINDBLOM. If the gentleman will permit, 1 want to cerned; · ask the gentleman, Is it the purpose of the gentleman to discuss Mr. LAZARO~ Will the gentleman yield? what the various duties might be imposed in place of paragraph Mr. LONGWORTH. I will. 27 if that should be eliminated from the bill? Mr. LAZARD. Is it not a fact that because we had no dye Mr. LONGWORTH. I will state to the gentleman that if industry in this country we paid higller for what we bought these paragraphs are eliminated from the bill no tariff duties from Germany? are of any avail at all; there will be no possibility of preventing :M:r; LONGWORTH. · I: am very glad the gentleman men- the destruction of the American dyestuff industry by any tartm f tioned that, and I am going to give him a few: cases. duty. I have no counter proposition to propose. for that of the The price of dyes, as all of you remember, on the day after one carried in this bill if we-desire to save the coal-tar industry , war was declared and when Germany was cut om from· importa­ of this country. · tion here went up by leaps and bounds, and in many cases Just a word or two about the history of this industry. At they could not be procured at any price. A few months after the time of the passage of the Payne Act the dyestu:.t'Es industry war began there came befo.re the Ways and Means Committee of this country was so insignificant as to be negligible. There a manufacturer of women-'s hats, who showed us that for a weTe only two dye plants of any size here and those were mere year's supply of a particular kind of a dye absolutely necessary assembling plants f01· German material&. Germany at that to his businesB, which for the last 15 years had cost him an time supplied 95· per cent of the Ame1·ican market with' dyes average of $1,700, he had been forced to pay $120,000. And and all forms of coal-tar materialB, chemicals. It was not be- there are hundreds and thousands of instances of that nature. cause the raw materials were- not available. There was then, Dyes. did not double in price; they: went up 10,000 and 20,000 and is now, in this country an unlimited supply of the raw rna- · per cent, and in. many cases were not procurable· at all. The terials from 'vhich coal~tar chemicals are made, as there always Government itself was seriously embarrassed in the procuring is in any country which has a large supply of coal and a 1a.1·ge of ink for use in the Printing Office and in the Bureau of En­ steel industry which requires- mu·ch coke. . graving and Printing owing to the impossibility of procming The trouble was that in the process of making coke' at that dyes to color the ink. time the beehive type of oven was mainly used in which the I remember very well a can that was sent out by the >ery materials to produce coal-tar chemicals were entirely wasted. amiable and charming daughter of our la:te Speaker of revered It was not until the biproduct coke oven came into general use memory, Champ Clark, who was president at that time of tile that a practically. unlimited supply of· coal tar became available. Woman's National Made- in- the- United- States- of- America It seems strange when we reflect upon it that until very re- League, to 200,000 women in· the United States, asking them to cently we allowed in the manufacture of coke tu escape and be wear white clothes during the wa1.~ in order to gtve .: merican wasted in the air the materials upon which we must rely for all dye manufacturers a chance, to get upon their feet. modern perfumery, dyes, modern medicinal preparations. and Mr. REED of New York. Will the gentleman yield? upon which we must absolutely rely for all chemical gases and Mr. LONGWORTH. I will. every form of explosive. It was only until recently that we Mr. REED of New York. Some time before the war a col- allowed all those things to go to waste. lege :fl·iend of mine, a chemist, told me that he was working in a Mr. CHINDBLOM. Will the gentleman yield? large plant in this country, and after giving some study to the 1\fr. LONG"'\VORTH. Now, we have· an abundant supply of work in that plant he discovered a by-product and went to the raw material and the only question is to make provision for proprietor and asked him to manufacture it. The proprietor converting it into the finished product. said he would liR:e to do so, as there would be a large profit in Now that the biproduct type of coke oven has come into it, but he said, "I can not." The young chemist asked him why general use, it ought to be in every way encouraged. In fact, as he could not do so, and he replied' that the German manufac­ I recollect it, durfug the waT at one time a regulation was made turers would not permit him to do _it. He said: " They permit by one of the war boards preventing the transportation of coke me to manufacture just certain articles, and if I go beyond produced by the beehive type of coke oven in order to. make· it that tbey will ruin me." Is that the situation you are trying necessary to produce· coke by; the· biproduct process. MOre than to escape? 30 years ago Germany by the encouragement of the biproduct Mr. LONGWORTH. Precisely. The German " yellow-dog" coke oven. began the establishment of a dyestuffs industry later fund was used for just that purpose. to grow into proportions so gigantic as to control the markets The Dye Trust in Germaby to-day is even more powerful than of the world. Every. form of Government subsidy was used for it was in those days before the war. The six German cartels this purpose. are now united into one gigantic trust, of which I will have Chemists were given bonuses and pensions to develop investi- more to say in a few moments. I referred' to the fact that gations into new methods of producing_dyestuffs; rebates were millions of dollars were invested by patriotic American Irulllu­ given to the railroads for hauling; so that on the day war broke factuTers in the production of dyes, with little· hope at that out Germany was without a competitor in the world's mru:ket. ' time of ultimate profit, but to secure, at least, a reasonable sup­ It was not until after the war- that the world came .to a full ply of those absolute necessities of American everyd·ay life. But realization of the absolute interdependence of the dye and war it was almost impossible to- secure chemists of su.ffieient skill to material industry which Germany had known for years. A make the ventures anything except losing ones. But with all very distinguished chemist, who graduated at Heidelberg some our great disadvantages, assisted by the grea.t universities tliat 30 years ago, told me that during his com·se there he had encouraged the study of organic chemistry, we have succeeded wondered why such tremendous impetus was being given by in building up the dye industry in this country which is capable the Go\ernment to the development of the dye industry, and of supplying 90 per cent of the needs of the consuming public. why the study of organic chemistry was given such encourage- That industry, however, is on the ragged- edge, and a deter­ ment in the great universities, and particularly in H-eidelberg mined onslaught from Germany will bring ·ruin unless \Ye take University. He told me that on the day he graduated he went adequate measures to preserve it. Can anyone sel'iously doubt to say good-by to the bead professor of chemistry, and asked the ability of Germany to ovenvheim the American· market him why it was t11at this orgamzed effort was being made in under existing conditions? All reports indicate tlurt the Ger­ this direction, and the old professor, he said, put his hand on man chemical industry was ne-ver on a· firmer footing tban: now. his shoulder and said, " Some day, young man, this will save The six great dye companies, a& I said• a moment ago, existing the fatherland." Germany was a forward-looking country in before the war are now united into one gigantic trust of unlim­ those d-ays. She realized that if war came with an;y great sea ited capital and unlimited Government backing. Both their power she would be cut off from the supply of Chilean. nitrate, labor and scientific forces-remained untouched during the war­ and in. any substantial war would be cut off. from the use of a most important consideration. Not a man was drafted into water power in Sweden, which the German chemical interests the Army from a German dye plant throughout the entire war. formerly controlled and where much. of her nib.·ic acid. was Now I want to call your particular attention, gentlemen, to made before the war. the testimony I am. about to read. I quote again from the t.esti- And she knew that the only way to make herself prepared mony of 1\Ir. Hoover before the Ways and 1\Ieans Committee, for war with the world· was to develap a competent coal-tar and I think it will be conceded that on such questions as these chemical industry. And so it was that the immense· dye trust he is a world authority. Mr. Hoo1•er said': 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. '3623 ------.------~1 The analysis of the German Government's expenditures would indi­ Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? : eate, roughly, that, of a total budget in excess of 80,000,0001000 mark.s, Mr. LONGWORTH. Yes. ' somewhere from 50.,000,000,000 to 60,0.00,000.000 marks 1s spent m 1 indirect subsidies to the cost .of productiOn. The Gel'mnn Government Mr. BLANTON. The record shows that synthetic indigo be..;. imports a large amount of food supplies an11 resells them at a loss to fore the· war sold at 15 cents in this country, and that its valucf the population. It alities. All this amounts cents, almost double what it sold for before the war, accoTdin~ ro a cumulati-ve subsidizillg of production. The payments of these defi­ to the statement of the distinguished gentleman from Wisconsin ciencies by the Government and by the municipalities are being met largely by currency issues. But, no matter how they are wet. it results [Mr. FREAB]. What about that proposition? i in the German manufacturer, so far as his particular p-roduct is con­ 1\Ir. LONGWORTH. The gentleman evidently was out of the cerned, being relieved of costs that would no-rmally apply. Chamber when I discussed this questioa That is a paltry in~ In commodities where transport plays a large part, such as steel, this indirect a&Sistance must amount to a. very considerable sum. Get­ crease in comparison with other items. You must talk in terms man steel is being offered at prices at the present tim& with which of thousands of per cent when a country relies on another .coun­ practically no other country -can compete. try for a vital necessity if something happens to cut off impor­ Now, that is a most s.igniftcant situation. tations. Mr. COCKRAN. Mr. Ohai:rman, will the gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAl~. The time of the gentleman from Ohio has Mr. LONGWORTH. Certain1y. again expired. 1\fr. COCKRAN. Is there any German steel now coming into Mr. LONGWORTH. I hate to take up mo1·e time, but I think this country, -and if so, how much, under these conditions? I can get thnmgh in 15 minutes more. l\fr. LONGWORTH. I am not speaking of the amount that 1\lr. FORDNEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentleman 15 is coming in. I am simply giving Mr. Hoover's opinion as to minutes more. what Germany can do when trade relations are resumed. Mr. CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Ohio is 1·ecognized The gentleman from Texas [Mr. GARNER] asked Mr. Hoover for 15 minutes more. this question : Mr. COCKRAN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman give way How long, in your opinion, can a nation continue to sen cheaper than for a suggestion? · nov other nation in the world, as Germany, you say, is now doing Mr. LONGWORTH. Yes. under the processes that .she is adopting at the present time? Secretary HOOVER. I can not put a period on it. I do not think ·any Mr. COCKRAN. I understand this part of the gentleman's of us know how 'long it takes for an economic process to act. argument is addressed to the necessity of this measure dyes by­ equa.lity; with. natu.J:es a.s perfect and rights: as sacred~ yet God has made them dissimilar, with those natural instincts and feelings which selling . those not now produced in tliis country at any price ffe ::!lweys imparts to His creatures when He intends that thev shall they pleased, and tl:1e inevitable consequence would be that we not overstep the natural boundaries which He has assigned to them. would lapse back to the conditions- or the- prewarr period, when Some years ago a. school committee in Boston excluded the we we1·e at Germany'S" mercy. Negro from the white public schools of that city; The-righg and Let mr rise above- partisan politics. Let us forget for the power of the committee to do so was challenged in the courts moment our predilections toward this or that method of dealing. on the ground that it was a. denial to the Negro children of a with tariff questions- and adopt tlie one sure: means of savin15 constitutional right-a civil right-but the Supreme Court of to America the industry which is the prime- necessity of the Massachusetts sustained the exercise of the power by the com­ health and happiness of om~ citizen& in_ time of peace and to mittee. their safety in time of war or threatened' war. [IA.pplause.] The Supreme Court of the United States sustained the con­ Mr. FORDl\"tJDY. M1:. Chairman, when tile committee rises­ stitutionality of the "Jim Crrow" law of Louisiana. That this evening I am going to ask that the House meet again at 8 great court; in its opinion, said: o'clock this evening for the- purpose· of discussing the bill under The argument also assumes that social prejudice& may be overcome gl3neral debate. We will have to ask the same permisston to­ by legislation, and' that equal rights can not be secured to the Negro morrow, and perhaps Thursday evening, because there are- many except by an enforced commingling of the two races. We can not acceRt. this proposition. Legislation is powerless to eradicate racial requests· for time. I think there are 25" hours requested on this instincts and to abolislr distinctions based upon physicaL difrerences, side and' on the other side o£ the House. If agreeable at that and the attempt· to do so can only r-esult in. accentuating the difficulties time, we will ask unanimous consent- to :~:ecess until8 o'clock. of the present situation. 1\.fr. GARNElR. Mr. Chairman, r· yield 20 minutes· to the gen­ S@ long aS:· racial instincts and· ph:ys.ical diffe.r:ences exist, tleman from Alabama [l\fi'.· TYSON]. which the Creator made, and: which will alwayS: exist, no law l\fr. TYSON. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committeer can. be: constitutionally enacted compelling: the owners. or hotels, I hope the Member from Ohio [Mr. MURPHY] who1spoke to this theaters, and places of amusement to admit Neg1·oes orr equal committee on last Sa:.turdil~ afternoon' is present; I' have 3.1 term& with the whites-; nor can any statu& be created_by law message for him and for those who applauded· the sentiments promoting.. and establishing in the South social equalicy ot the expressed by him on that o.ccasion. Yea.rs ago it. was rneorded: races. in the greatest book that was e-rer written. that a~ man by tha The A.nglo-Saxons of the South will neYer degenerate into a name o:f" Balaam owned an ass, and that, under the whip, of. his mongrel race. owner, he spoke. On last Saturday we· heard the- speech. of. the , I knnw som~ of you think that -we do not accord to the Negro Republican ass. [Applause: o.n the Democratic side.] I sincerely fiis polit-ical rights. But t1iis is untrue. The right ar sufl'rn.ge: is nope- that it was not- the result o£ ru cliastisement- by· tlle: Re­ not conferred by the Constitution of the United States; nor is it publicarr whip. I· can not believe· that he uttered the sentiments an attribute.. of citizenship, It is" a right conferred: by the States of the leading Republicans-ill:. tills Holl.Se:'·in his vitriolic assault and the States alone possess the power to prescribe such qualifica­ upon. the Demo.crats of thi£ House,. cliarging them as being tions for its· exercise as they may deem. proper; provided they do senseless and1 incapable of. representing: their.. constituents" and not, by their laws, deny or abridge-the right t·o- -rote on account ascribing to them a baseless reason for·opposing this bill. at race, color.; or previous condition o:fl servitude. ·rn the exercise He injected into· his- bray- the Negro question. He· charged ·of their sovereign. powers, tlie States may- prescribe; a.s a condi­ among other things, that we Democrats are a-gainst· the bill be­ tion precedent to the right to vote, the payment of polL tax-es, cause it would enhance- the wages of the Negroes of the South. educational qualifications, and· the· ownership of property. I say to that gentleman that that statement is as malicio'us-as it . Sev-.eral of the New England States:, in their. constitutions,. ex­ is false. act that a vote1: ·possess· some, if not all~ of those qualifications. 1 There is a.. very apt Bibl~ injunction which I commen.d to. y.ou: 1\.f:aine, New Hampshire and 0onnecticut, in tlieir constitu­ Republicans, and1to the constituents. in Ohio whom that gentle­ tions,. require that all electors shall be able· to read, in the Eng­ !nan rep;resents on the floor of this House. It. is this : " He that lish language, the Constitution n.nd write their names. sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off the feet and The constitution of Massachusetts· requires the. payment of drinketh damag~" all taxes assessed1; and tliat of Rhode Island' prescribes that NEGRo QUESTION. no person shall vote in the election of the- city.- c-ouncil of any We are willing to, and do aocord to the Negro of the South. city or upon any. proposition to· impose a. tax or for the ex.­ his rights, but when. we ginr him those rights he- is entitled to penditure of money, in any town o~ city; unless- he shall ha ,-e no more. The Constitution secures to him no social rights but paid a tar assessed upon his property,. valued a $.134. That only civil and politiaal. 1 State also requires all. registered: voters· to pa:; at. least $1 tax I shall never permit to go unchallenged',. as long· as r am able :fur- the support of the public schools. to raise my voice, aspersions upon. snuthe:rn civilization. r Similar provisions- are in· the· several constitutions of the would be untrue to the land that" gave-me. birth, the traditions- Southern St.ates. of the Soutli, its institutions, and the noble- women who pre- The motives that induced their adoption were- the same that side over· our homes, our altars, and our firesides, and, to whom caused the New England States to incorporate them in the ~ r we are indebted for tha inspiration of.. southern chivalry; man- constitutions. hood, nnd courage, which has distinguished. our soldiers on the. They ara safeguards againstT municipal control by the in-e- field of battle, and our men: in the walks: or every-da-y life~ ifT ~ponsibie, ignorant, and' vicious, citi.~n . • did notJ resent, witir all the> vigor.. and com:age oft my- being, all TARIFP. attempts= to create conditions having in view the elevation-of the The brains and wealtli of the- Nation may be north of the Negro to a. plane oil social equality with. the whites. Ohio River, as asserted' by the gentleman from Ohio [l'lfT. To those of the North who belie\e in social equality and who M""URPHY], but r want' to say to you that we have brains- enough advocate legislation promotive of it, I wish to say, there is no. and we have-integrity ancf loyalty enough to· the people we r-e-p­ nower lmder Heaven that. can force the Anglo-Saxons of the resent and to the great body- of the people of this country-the South to recognize the NegTo as his social equal. consumers of your tariff-laden goods-not to accept the: in-rita- In 1875, the Congress pas ed all' act- to secure to all persons- tiQn extended by the chairman of the Ways and l\'Ieans Com­ full· and equal enjoyment of' the accommodations, advantages, mittee [M'r. FoRDNE?] to vote for this bill by putting a tariff fa c ili t~es, and privileges of inns, public. con.veya.n.ces by water on cotton and hides. Shorfr.staple cotton is a· noncompeti­ or lauody of the people who must- use cotton goods. 3626 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE. JULY 12,

As to the offer to put hides on the dutiable list, I will say not imposed for revenue and not as an incidental consequence to the gentleman that farmers do not raise cattle for their of tariff duties imposed. He stood for a tariff for revenue, hide , but for beef. In my country cattle are sold on the hoof. t110ugh protection would incidentally result. The large percentage of hides produced . in this country are A great deal has been said in this debate about this bill bene­ owned by the packers, and they fix the price. They will be the fiting the farmers. They nsk for bread and you have given beneficiaries of the levy. them a stone. The bill taxes practically every necessity of In addition to the tax proposed, a corresponding compensa­ life, not even those necessities which the fnrmcrs of the coun­ tory duty will be awarded to the manufacturer of leather try, their wives, and children must have, have escaped taxation. goods, such as shoes, harl'less, and the like, and a drawback Clothing, including underwear, hats, stockings, shirts, and other scheme devised under which he will get back !Jractically all articles of wearing apparel, is taxed. Household and kitchen uuties paid on imported manufactured leather goods, resulting furniture, cooking stoves and cooking utensils, tnbleware, in­ in no revenue to the Government and in an increase in the price cluding all crockery and glassware, knives, . forks, and spoons, of shoes, harness, and the like, which the farmer and the great tin plates and other tin vessels, brooms, bedspreads, . beets, consuming public must have. pillowcases, tablecloths and napkins, needles, thread and pins, rrhe great body of the people of the South are dependent upon bnttons, pens and ink, horseshoes, bolts, locks, cotton ties, sheep the prosperity of agriculture and can get no possible benefit shears, carpenter and bla~ksmith tools, plow lines, chains, ham­ from the high taxes imposed by this bill. They are consumers, mers, axes, saws, nails~ ~pades, shovels, barbed and baling and if this bill is enacted into a law their already oppressive wire must bear their share of the bounty to the favored few. financial burdens will be increased without any corresponding Even grindstones are not exempt. Sugar, meats, meal, flour, benefits. The taxes sought to be levied by this bill are for the molasses, and rice, the necessary articles of food consumed by benefit of a small class of our citizenship to whom the southern every family in this country, must help to enrich the favored few. taxpayer, by the consumption of their manufactured goods, must If the views of the honorable chairman of the Ways and pay tribute. Means Committee prevail, everybody who wears shoes must In the debate on the Dingley tariff bill sectional animosities pay . a like tribute, increasing their already high prices from were attempted to be injected, just as has been attempted here 30 to 50 cents per pair. by the gentleman from Ohio, to which Private John Allen Even one of the essentials to the production of crops in the replied: South has not escaped the system of contribution provided by The Soufh has learned some hard lessons in the bitter school of ex­ the bill to the monopolies promoted anrl fostered by it. A perience. Our people are not tramps, but they are at work ; they have tax of $50 per ton is levied on potash, a necessary ingredient learned to live at home; they decline your proffer to enter into a scheme of public plunder in order to secure a small division of the stolen of the fertilizers use·d by the farmers of Alabama and six other goods. We do not believe in your scheme of legislative robbery and Southern States. This tax alone will add to the cost of fer­ we will not go into it. All we ask ot the North is that it will keep tilizer, where potash is a component part, of at least $10 per its tramps at home and keep its hands out of our pockets. ton and an annual contribution to the potash producers of this It can not be doubted that the main purpose of this bill is country of millions of dollars. The farmers of those Southern for protection with revenue as an incident. The object to be States who use fertilizers must make the contribution exacted accomplished "is to add millions to the wealth of those who have by the Republican Party or suffer a reduction in the pro­ already made millions and grown fat under the protective tariff ductiveness of their lands, resulting in serious loss in the money system at the expense of the great masses of the people of this value of their crops. country. It :ls in effect a bounty but covertly concealed under I would like to be afforded the opportunity, as an experi­ the pretense that it is a bill " to provide revenue, to regulate ment, ·of YOting for a tariff on peanuts and vegetable oils, for commerce with foreign countries, to encourage the industries the purpose of raising reYenue, they being competitive articles of the United States, and for other purposes." You have not of commerce. This would afford incidental protection to our the courage to come out openly and aboveboard and let the peanut raisers, though, under prevailing conditions, I doubt people of this country see and understand what you are really seriously, that the market price of those products would be doing. You are resorting to this device for the purpose of de­ enhanced. But I am denied that privilege under the rule re­ ceiving the people. It will not work. In the language of ported by the Republicans of the Committee on Rules aml Abraham Lincoln- adopted by the Republican majority, unless I vote for the bill, You can fool some of the people all the time and all the people some which, by the grace of the majority, may be amended as to of the time, but you can not fool all the people all the time. hides, oils, .dyestuffs, cotton, and asphalt, and in such other par­ If this bill should ever become a Jaw, with its restrictions upon ticulars as the Republican majority of the Ways and l\len.ns imports into this country, reflected in a corresponding decrease Committee, in their enlightened wisdom, may deem advisable. of exports to other countries, loss of markets for the surplus A few months ago an emergency tariff bill, imposing tem­ products of agriculture, of the mines, and of the mills will result, porary duties upon certain agricultural products, was pressed producing greater financial stringency than exists to-day. After the next election you will wake up to a realization that to a conclusion and became a law. It was contended, with " you can not fool all the people all the time." much seriousness, that it was for the benefit of the farmers of Oh, you say that the laboring man of this country will be the country. It has been in effect long enough to have accom­ benefited by it. Woe be to hin1 when be must depend for his plished the loud proclaimed results, the increase in plices of prosperity upon the gratuity of the man who filches his wealth cotton, wheat, corn, peanuts, and other agrieultural products. Instead of an increase, there bas been a general decline in out of the pockets of his neighbors. • prices, supporting in some measure, at least, if not establishing If this bill was not intended to make the rich few, richer, and the poor many, poorer, and would not operate to protect indus­ the truth of, the contention of many eminent economists that tries cllpitalized by the millions, enhancing their profits so as to a protective tariff on agricultural products never increases increase the wealth of their millionaire owners and not to raise their market price. re>enue for the Government, it would ne.ver have been reported Not even the Federal, State, and other municinal govern­ to this House. ments have escaped the greed of the favored class that they If its main purpose was to raise revenue, carrying with it may be made richer at the expense of the taxpayers. A tax incidental protection, as every tariff on competitive manu­ on crude oil and asphalt used by the Federal Government, the factured articles of commerce necessarily does, it would not be States, counties, and cities in the construction and maintenance here. It would not fulfill the obligation, "Let us take care of of public highways is also levied by this bill. . him "-the special interests who subscribed so liberally to the It is unthinkable that the Congress would appropriate large· campaign fund used in the last election and who must be sums of money to assist in highway construction and mainte­ reimbursed. nance in one bill and then penalize that con truction in this one, This bill woUld not command the support of that illustrious for the benefit of a few oil producers and asphalt manufacturers. Democrat, Samuel J . Randall, who was regarded by many as a Many of the rates of duty fixed by this bi1l will preYent thP. protectionist, were he living and here. In a speech in this importation into this country of the articles upon which they House in May, 1882, he denounced a tariff for protection's sake are levied and give to manufacturers exclusive markets in this by saying: country, encouraging monopoly, increasing prices and unem­ I do not favor a tariff enacted upon the ground of protection, simply ployment. for the sake of protectJon, because I doubt the existence of any consti­ Lest the high rates may fail in sufficiently crippling importa­ tutional warrant for such construction of the grant of any such power. It woul

The result of the restrictions carried by the bill, of the high acceded to because protection was then regarded by all as but an in­ cident ~o .the securing of revenue, and, contrary to the wishes of the tariff wall you are erecting, will be to destroy foreign markets protectiomst advocates, the law was declared a temporary measm·e. for our surplus products of fields, mines, and factories. Those Condy Rageut, an eminent writer, denounces the contention restrictions will incite the adoption of retaliatory measures by that the act was for protection as "preposterous." other countries, resulting in embargoes against their products Those gentlemen lived north of the Ohio River and their being shipped here. Alrea(ly Spain and one or t\\·o South Ameri­ testimony shoulasure That act levied duties "necessary for the support of Gov- and not a protective one, is the short period of time it was in ernment or the discharge of the debts of the United States," effect, namely, abo'elt 17 months. which, of course, afforded incidental protection to the manu- The gentleman would also COlllillit 'Vashington to the support facturers of the articles on which the tariff was levied. It of this bill, because, forsooth, in his first annual address he did no more than this. It levied specific duties on 36 enu- used this language: · merated articles, viz: Fifteen per cent ad valorem on car- A free people ought not only to be armed but disciplined· to which end !l uniform an.d well-digested plan is requisite; and their safety riages; 10 per cent on 7 articles, namely, glass; china, stone, and mterests reqmre that they should promote such manufactories as and earthen ware ; gunpowder; paint; buckles; gold and silver te!l~l to rende:t: them independent of others for essentials, particularly leaf; and lace; 7! per cent on 16 articles, the most importa:qt mihtary supplies. of which were paper, cabinet ware, buttons, gloves and leatb.er, And in another paragraph of that address be says: hats, millinery and ready-made clothing, iron castings, and Tile advance~ent of agriculture, commerce, and manufactures by all metal wares; 5 per cent on all other goods except 17 articles, proper m.can~ .will not,. I trust, need recommendation. which constituted a free list. The free list included saltpeter And It IS on this language the gentleman predicates his old metal, wool, cotton, dyestuffs, bides, and fur. A drawback assert~on that Washington was a protectionist. No further com- was granted of the full duty less 1 per cent upon all imported ment IS nece~sary. . · . . . - goods exported within 12 months after the payment of duty I . As to Mad1~0n bemg ~ pro.tectiomst,. I need only quote a sen­ and a bounty in lieu of a drawback on the salt used of 5 cents tence from h1s speech m tb1s House m the debate on the act on each quintal of dried fish, barrel of pickled fish, and barrel of approved by 'Vashington: salted mackerel exported. All the duties imposed by the act I own myself the friend to a free system of commerce, and hold it were subject to a discount of 10 per cent if the goods were as a. proof .that commercial shackles are generally unjust oppressive and rmpollbc. ' ' imported by vessels wholly owned by American citizens. The act by its own terms was to continue in operation only for He stood for direct taxation as against indirect taxation. It a period of seven years. It was passed July 4, 1789, and was was on his motion that the act was limited in its operation as really in force only until December 1, 1790. to time. • .Mr. FOCHT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? . I am quite sure that the American people will be surprised, ·Mr. TYSON. Yes. lf not startled, to learn that Thomas Jefferson the father of Mr. FOCHT. Would it not be more accurate, according to Democracy in this country, was a protectionist ;nd stood for a history, to state that he issued a message asking that Con- tariff for the benefit of the classes against the masses. They gress J?aSS a protective tariff bill for the protection of the have always understood that he stood for "equal rights to all infant industries of the country? and special pri\ileges to none," and I venture the prediction Mr. TYSON. All right-- that it will require a greater illumination than the aentle- 1\Ir. FOCHT. Wait a minute. Also Madison, Jefferson, man has ever exhibited to convince the people of this c~untry Jackson, and the greatest bill up to its time, signed by Bu- to tbe contrary. chanan, and what would the gentleman say about that? Were As to Jackson's attitude on the tariff, I commend that the aen- they all asses, as the gentleman says 1\1URPHY is? tleman read his fourth annual message to Congress wber: he Mr. TYSON. I would say that if they were for this bill will find this language : ' they stood for robbery of the people. Those who have invested their capital in manufacturing establish- Mr. FOCHT. And the b"'entleman I·s a WI·se man and knows high~ents taxes can fornot tbeueXI!ect benefit. that the people will continue permanently to pay more than they did. l\fr. TYSON. No; I am not a wise man. President Buchanan, in his inaugural address, bad this to 1\Ir. FOCHT. In the light of the history of this country we say: are to a~cept his wisdom as against the wisdom of those gen- oughtIt is to beyond be collected all question from thethe peopletrue principlethan the that amount no morenecessary revenue to tlemen. defray the expenses of a wise, economical, and efficient administrafion l\fr. TYSON. I do not ask tha gentleman to accept my wis- of the Government. • • • Any discrimination against a particular dom. I would not go to him for wisdom. branch for the purpose of benefiting favored corporations, individuals ?r int~rests WUtah. That concern sold to a business th.e- valu.e> of his, crops· an<1 his lands~ The effect· oi this bill is to man in Alabama 10 cari-oads of phosphate to be delivered at prevent Europe froin paying that debt. point of de"Stination. Tile purchase price to be paid was a little. What the farmers of this countny must have are markets for ~ore- than $5,000~ The purchaser was instructed to· pay the their su.r~tus crops and trahsp01·tation of those crops to mar:­ freight, ded't.rct it from the· invoice, rrn-d remit the balance. ln.­ kets- at rates that do not absorb their value,. leaving them fair stead of there being a balance to remit, the priee of the goods returns upon the cost of their products. did not pay the freight, and the purchase~ drew on the seller 1\lr. FOCHT. Will the· gentleman. kindly, enlighten: the House foP a little- over.$100. It took the whole shipment to pay the which political party in this c.ountry revoked what were known freight, and yet- yoo talk about prosperity being restored by as the Blaine reciprocity treaties and put silent every flour mill this bilL i.n.: .A.meri necessity af having to. nell their crops on unfavorable mar­ reciprocit:y treaties- ever negotiated. in. America were· negotiated kets. It would: also ena'b!e them to establish a distributive sys­ by .J.ames. G-. Blaine, and' they were ali revoked by the Demo­ tera. unde-r whicfi a large per' cent of· the cost of marketing cratrc Party. couid.t be- eliminated, securing to them the enroluments that now Mr. TYS.ON. . And the gentleman attributes that·to the- ta:ciff? go into the pockets of' brokers. and otfier middlemen oef'ore. the-ir M-r. FOCH~~ I am simply aslting ti.u1 g~ntleman . ; , I am not proc:fncts· ai];e"· disposed of in the market. A. financial system arg.ufng t'he tariff: r do not' have trre floor, though I may a slwufd· be wor:lt.efr on.t by which farm products, cattle, hogs, little later. sheep,. and other live stock can be marketed in foreign eounbiie . Mr~ TYSON.. r want to know what the ta:ritf had to do Thfs will take money whichi shollle provided at reasonable witli it? rates of interest under which a system of credits may be estab­ Mr. FOCHT. What is the gentleman discussing_? lished, resu:lting- in creating and' stimulating :ma.rkets- fo1· IUr. TYSON: :r: am: di-scussing: conditi-ons. . products of the f:rrm~ Nati~nal banks have been establishe-d l\Ir. FOCHT. The gentleman was discussing what he: cam~a. under laws enacted by Congress, but the limitations. imposed the " nigge:r." The: gerrtlenum made- the asseTtton.. that. the Negro are such~ that those- b~ can not furnish the· credlt on rc- , has ~ no. sovereigntyn and: yet you rep1·esentecl him before the mun:erati::v:e· teTIIIS· to th& raise1.:s of farm produce ant}! live war, when he was a slave, on the basis of 3 T"otes for 5 Negroes, stock, nor Ilave· the-y the :facilities or the capital for providing aeco1·ding. 'to ID;'I' reJWI.lectiolll o:£ the.. status at. tll.fut. time ; and the necessary credits· to foreign purchasers. Jl appreciate that liere you take away' thfut severeig.n.ty. an objeetion. m-ay· be t'ai-sed that. sueh' legfslation wou]d be elass 1\fr. TYSON. I. renreserrt him now., j_ust as. I ~ represen.t ....otlier.:s legislation. But is it .any more class legislation tha'n the legis­ in. my district who, have- no amn.:eciation of. -the· obligations; of lation undeT whi~h national banks are organized with limita- the nights: of· citizenship andi ~ responsibilities. of the exercise . trons eompellfug: them. to disconn.t only " eom:m:ercial paper·" of the electoraL franchise. · maturing. ''rithin: a short time- a:liter. its- negotiation, prohibiting ML FOCHT. Tw gentleman. sh.o.uld state his. histo.cy right. the taking of mortgages on :reaL estate al:l: secnrit3i for loaru ? Mu. TYSON: :r have- my history; nght. Such legislation is far less condemnatory on that ground than The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from PennsyLvania must this bill and mu.ch other legislation which can be readily not intel!rupt the: gentlen:tan from Alabalila! without- his consent. r-eealled~ 1\Lr. TYSON: I:tt i& utterly iln:matetiaL what your tariff lilll.Y Dr woulu be lllghly amusing, indeed', if such an objection be; unti). you afford facilities for the transportation: of products spould emanate from a protectionist RepublicaJU. It does- not of the mills_ and farms you ca.n not have prosperity. Iie in Ius moutJ:r to urge it I ha~ in. my hand 31. compilation pr.epared by t~e- Alabama Another thing would be helpful!. to the fal:'mers. It i the Manufacturers' Association showing the, percenta"ge' of ineren:se enactment of a l3JW standardizing containers fmr fl'our, corn, in freight Jiates:. on mrurnrfactnredl. axti.eles ft_mrr, Bir.miugliam, fruits, and vegetables. Ala., to various points in this country. This compilation shows Permit me to say t()- you Republicans that the responsibility t1m lGwestr percenta~ · ot· increase to. b.e! 71 p·er a.ent and the n.as been assumewe"'er, than depression struck various directions. Moreover, it will result in the repeal of the the people of the United States with terrific force. Agriculture Underwood tariff that now stands upon the statute books and: immediately collapsed, industries closed, working people by the encumbers American interests in the lines of agriculture, manu­ millions were out of employment, business conditions were un­ facturing, and all of the business activities of the Nation. It settled, .and to-day we look out with anxiety and ask the ques­ may be said, as it has been in this debate, that some rates tion, "What next?" With the Underwood tariff upon the proposed in this bill are high; but, mark you, they are not too books, with all the penalties of industrial disorganization, with ' high if we propose to protect An·erican labor, American capital, all the disturbances of business incident to the war, we are and American interests against the cheaper labor of other groping our way back toward normal conditions. 'Ve could nations of the world. We must face the issue squarely. Shall have endured the war, but the war plus eight years of extrava­ we, in this work of reconstn1ction, lead our people back to gant waste and wretche<.l administration by the Democratic normal American conditions with American opportunities, Party are altogether too much, even for the United States of American wages, and American standards of living; or shall America. we turn them still further downward to the levels of the labor In 1920 the people of this country called, in unmistakable of Japan, Germany, Britain, France, Italy, and the other nations tones, by a vote of 7,0'00,000 majority, upon the Republican of the world? For myself, I believe in America for Ameri­ Party to restore the waste places, revive the industries and the cans, first, last, and all the time, until our home missionary agricultural interests of the country, and prepare the way for affairs are in good condition, then we may go abroad as a new day, an American day, under Warren G. Harding and a foreign mis ionaries to help fight the battles of the nations of Republican Congress. the world. The gentleman who just preceded me [:M:r. HARDY of Texas] The repeal of the Underwood tariff is essential. Note, if referred to the question of the tariff wall. As I recalled my you please, a few chapters written under that law before the earlier reading on tariff questions and my study of this sub­ World War began and espec-ially before we entered into that ject, I remembered distinctly the fact that thaf argument is as war. Also, ask yourselves this question: Wherein has the old as the Democratic Party. · present Underwood tariff law revived a single American in­ It has been using it from time immemorial, saying that a dustry? What has it done to restore business; to open the Republican tariff would paralyze the business of the country, avenues for American workmen; to stabilize the condition of while a Democratic tariff would give pro~erity. I challenge business for the investment of American capital? your attention, gentlemen, to the fact that the reverse has been When it was introduced in the House its supporters declared true; that is, under a Republican protective tariff law our Na­ their purpose to cut $100,000,000 out of the customs revenues tion has always prospered and under a Democratic free-trade of the Treasury. The fiscal year 1910 showed receipts under tariff law our country has always been in disaster. the Payne tariff of $333,683,000, while the Underwood tariff Turn just for a moment to the operation of a few of these brought into the Treasury $292,000,000 for the year 1914 and important tariff acts of recent years. You readily recall the $209,000,000 for the year ;1915. The Underwood tariff yielded McKinley law, the nature of the campaign that was .made to only $182,000,000 for 1918 and $183,000,000 for 1919. For the elect a Democratic Congress, that afterwards wrote the Wilson fiscal year 1920 the receipts were $322,000,000, making an annual tariff. The McKinley law in the last full year of its unin· averag~ of $233,000,000 for the period of eight years. Thus it terrupted operation turned into the National Treasury $203,- appears that the advocates of the Underwood tariff redeemed 000,000 of revenue. In 1894, still on the books for that entire theiT promise in that particular with almost mathematical fiscal year, it yielded only $131,000,000 of revenue. 'Vhy? exactness; but where did they expect to secure the $100,000,000 Because a Democratic Congress had come to write a Democratic that was cut out of the heart of the tariff revenues? The tariff at lower rates, and the merchants of the country declined Treasury needed the money. There was a surplus for the meal to import goods and pay the duties under the McKinley law years 1913, 1912, 1911, and 1910. There was not sufficient in and waited for the opportunities of the 'Vilson tariff. That is either one or all of those years to warrant a reduction of the explanation as to the revenues of the Treasury. $100,000,000 in customs revenues. Some new source of supply Now, what did the Wilson tariff do? You all know that it was necessary. put out the fues in the American furnaces, it closed the doors They announced in that connection that they would se<:ure a and dedicated these places of former busy_industry to the roost­ hundred million dollars from an income tax. Under that law ing places of the owls and bats of a long Democratic night. for the fiscal year 1914 they received only $67,000,000. The [Laughter and applause on the Republican side.] That is the Treasury had been receiving prior to that time, however, $30,- history, and you can not escape from it. You see the result. 000,000 a year from a corporation tax. This left an increase You talk about the high tariff wall under the McKinley law and of only $37,000,000. The wise financiers that were guiding the no wan at all under the Wilson law. Note the results upon the Treasury Department in 1914 were struck with consternation business of America. Under which of these laws did our coun­ when they found such a tremendous shortage. They began to try prosper more satisfactorily? For me the McKinley law wonder whether there would be funds enough to pay their was preferable. Note, if you please, in 1896 our country, weary salaries. Hence they began to study revenue legisl_ation with of the results of the Wilson tariff, weary of the results of the unusual interest and care. They claimed that many of the Democratic administration, turned to that little Napoleon of millionaire£ ha<.l escaped the first dragnet that they drew over protection, William McKinley, and wrote a new tariff law. the country and sent out an order that the fishing party shoutd Then Mr. Dingley came forth as chairman of the Ways and renew its occupation and bring in the wicked millionaires to Means Committee. The Fifty-fifth Congress assembled in spe­ make up the remainder of the $100,000,000. cial session on the 15th day of March, 1897, and on thnt <.lay 3630 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. J U LY 12,

the Dingley bill was introduced in the House, and it was passed been said concerning the effect of tariff dutie on the retail on the last day of that month and sent to the Senate. It passed prices of merchandise to American consumers. Many people through the· Senate and through the conference and was finally have erroneously declared that tariff duties are the direct cause signed by President McKinley on the 24th of July, 1897. of increases. It is also alleged that merchandise on the free list For a time it was my privilege and my duty to examine and is comparatively if not entirely free from objectionable or ex· settle the customs accounts under the Wilson tariff in the cessive retail prices. In response to such criticism , I invite Treasury. Then came the customs accounts for the entire period your attention to three \ery common articles of merchandise­ of the Dingley law, and then came the customs accounts for sugar, coffee, and tea. the entire period of the Payne tariff law, and then came the The sugar schedule has been bitterly as ailed, while silence customs accounts under the Underwood tariff for a period of a has prevailed concerning coffee and tea. little over two years. These tariffs were clearly in view dur­ What are the facts? During the fiB cal year 1909 we im­ ing that period of 18 yea1·s. They stood in contrast in the ported nearly 4,000,000,000 pounds of unrefined sugar whose examination. Note, if · you please, the result to the National foreign value was $92,ooo·,ooo and upon which we collected $56,- Treasury in the reYenues at the close .of the period of the 000,000 in revenue. · .·wnson tariff. The Dingley tariff was introduced :March 15, The average foreign market value of that sugar was 2.3 cents signed July 24. Between those dates the volume of revenue per pound. The average rate of duty per pound was 1.4 cents. under the low duties from admissions under the Wilson law Thus 1· pound of unrefined sugar cost the American importer, flooded the markets of the United States with foreign prod­ duty paid, 3.7 cents. As shown by reliable statistics f:iom com­ ucts. The Wilson tariff in the first full year of its operation mercial agencies, the average selling price of all grades of sugro· yielded about ~'150,000,000, largely because importations had to consumers throughout the United States was 5 cents per been delayed pending the passage of the Dingley law. But, pound at that time~ In some localities it was less and in others mark you, at the other end of its history importations during a little more. Wlth 5 cents per pound as the average selling the last three months of that law increased so that between price to the consumer and 3.7 cents per pound as the actual cost the monthly revenue of the Wilson tro·iff of about twelve and to the lmpm·ter, duty paid, there was left 1.3 cents per pound fourteen million dollars it ran up to $32,000,000 in one month. out of which all transportation charges were to be paid, all ex­ Here is an illu,stration of what can happen in connection with penses of refining, and all profits to importers, trusts, whole­ the problems now before us, and it is very important in the salers, jobbers, and retailers. interest of the National Treasury that that question be pro­ These facts show that the consumer paid 33! per cent advance tected. Just how, I will not presume now to discuss; but the on the import cost of sugar. high rates of duty seem to greatly disturb the Democrats. During the fiscal year 1909 we imported 1,043,000,000 pounds Let me give you a very simple and very common illustration. of coffee whose foreign market value was $79,000,000, the aver­ 1\lany of you have talked very earnestly, perchance, about the age price per pound being 7.6 cents. wickedness of a duty on sugar .and extolled the glories of free Of course, coffee is on the free list, to which Democratic argu­ trade. I call your attention to a period when conditions were ment points as the land of destruction for all trusts and com­ normal. In 1909-10 the duties on sugar turned into the Treas­ bines. They erroneously declare that the transfer of an article ury of the United States approximately $"50,000,000 a year. The of merchandise from the dutiable list to the free list would import cost, plus the duty, gave the cost price to the importer. destroy trusts and prevent their existence and thus furnish What was the selling price to the consumer? There is a mar­ commodities to American consumers at comparatively low gin of difference, there is a place of investigation. What per prices. No doubt you have already recalled the retail PTice of cent of increase was that? Thirty-three and a third per cent­ coffee. You readily observe that coffee at 30 cents per pound paying $50,000,000 of revenue into the Treasury carrying a pro­ sells at an advance of nearly 300 per cent upon the import price, tective duty of only 33! per cent. That was the dutiable article. and that coffee selling at 3n and 40 cents per pound will pay Now, lay alongside of it the history of the importation of coffee approximately 400 per cent advance. and tea on the free list. If the free list does such wonderful Note the fact that every time you take a cup of coffee with things as our opponents talk about, what do we find in this sugar you pay an advance of 33! per cent upon the import cost record in regard to tea and coffee? You may take the import for the sugar flavor and from 300 to 400 per cent advance upon cost of tea and coffee on the free list for these years when the ordinary retail price of coffee. conditions were normal, and then take the selling plice to the If you do not like the coffee at that price, try another article • consumer, and you will find in no instro1ce anything less than on the free list-tea-in order to reveal the Democratic theory a margin of 100 ner cent between the import cost of the article in its true light. and the selling price to the consumer. The average import cost of tea on the free li t for 1909 was The ordinary grade of 3 pounds to the dollar paid 300 per cent 16.2 cents per pound. After searching diligently for some time over the import cost of the coffee. If free admission holdB I have failed to find a single dutiable article of merchandi e pric~ down, why in the world should not the p.ri~e of coffee that sells to the Amedcan consumer for an advance equal to and tea remain down to a 33!- per cent advance, just as dutiable that on tea and co.ffee. Then, what becomes of the Democratic sugar did? There is an illustration, and you may carry it all theory that trusts will be destroyed by placing articles of mer­ the way through the entii·e dutiable and free list, and you will chandise on the free list? It fades into thin air and becomes find that on the dutiable list you can not lay your finger on a supremely ridiculous. single imported article where the margin shows as large p-rofit In response to such criticism, we assert in the light of thiB between the import cost and the selling price to the consumer and other facts that the control of corporate power and wealth as tea and coffee. is just as important in dealing with business under free impor­ l\lr. BLACK. l\fr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? tations as it is in dealing with business under dutiable impor- l\Ir. ANDREWS. Yes. tations. · 1\fr. BLACK. The gentleman knows very well that coffee has Mr. BLANTON. 1\lr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? a very wide range of p-rice, according to the different qualities. 1\ir. ANDREWS. Yes. Mr. At>.TDREWS. Oh, yes; and I may say this to the gentle­ Mr. BLANTON. Is that the reason the gentleman's party man-and if he has not learned it before I hope that he will has put hides on the free list, so that the price will increase in remember it now-that the margin of profit for somebody in this country? this country ran from 100 per cent to 400 per cent on tea and Mr. ANDRE"\VS. Will the gentleman •ote for a duty on coffee and only 33! per cent on sugar that paid $56,000,000 in hides? reYenne. Mr. BLANTON. Of course I will. 1.\fr. BLACK. Does the gentleman mean to say to the House Mr. .ANDREWS. So will I. that coffee in 1909 and 1910 was selling at the average price. of Ur. BLANTON. I would be a fool not to. 3 pounds for $1? Is that what the gentleman means to state as Mr. ANDREWS. So will I l'Ote for a duty on hides. We will a fact? see about that a little later. Stand to the line. Will the gen­ 1\Ir. ANDREWS. I mean this, that in our section of the coun­ tleman vote for a duty on hides as a separate item and then try, in the East and the West and in the South and the North, vote for the bill? that was true; and I got the information from the customhouses Mr. BLANTON. Yes; I will vote for a duty on hides, but all o\er the country. will \Ote against the bill, becam;e Ur. F.RE.A.n says it is fundn· l\rr. BLACK. Did I understand the gentleman to say that he mentally indefensible. no"· puts into the REcOBD a statement that the average price of Mr. ANDREWS. Then the gentleman iB going to vote for a coffee was 3 pounds for a dollar in 1909 and 1910? bill that iB fundamentally indefensible? l\fr. ANDREWS. I said that the grade that sold at 3 pounds Mr. BLANTON. No. I say that I am going to \Ote against to the dollar paid 300 per cent margin, and the coffee that sold it, because it is fundamentally indefensible. at 40 to 42 cents per pound paid 400 per cent margin. Much has Mr. ANDREWS. Oh, I understand the gentleman now. 192 1. -coNGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 3631

l\lr. COOPER of Ohio. ~lr. Chairman, will the gentleman 1\Ir. ANDREWS. 'l'here was no nece sity fm· that. That is yield? a matter of uncertainty until the figures of each year m·e tabu­ l\Ir. ANDRb'WS. Yes. lated. We took each entry, large or mall, and found out l\lr. COOPER of Ohio. :.Ur. Chairman, I believe I was pres­ what the duty was under the Payne tariff, what it w tlld have ent yesterday when the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BLA TON] been under the Dingley tariff, and then reduced it to u uni­ a. ked 1\lr. FBEAR that question, and my recollection is that he form value for each entry. and prepared the list on tbat basis. ntlt'man :\Ir. BLA..~.~TON . Will the gentleman yield? knows we did not. :llr.. A ...~.~DREWS. I will. If lli. Ro :\Jr. BL~'li~TON. I accept the challenge. 1\Ir. STEVENSON. the gentleman has read ;-e­ in )Ir. AJ..~DREWS. Very well. Xow, when the gentleman gets velt's round robin the back of his book, he will see that he hi,~ - figures made up, come around and we will w-ork it out. said so. :\Jr. BLANTON. I know one item in the bili-- :\1r. ANDREWS. I am not talking about round robins; I out the pre ent )lr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield, so that I may a-nd not the past. answer him? l\Ir. ANDRE,VS. You do not want to hear about the past. :.\Ir. 1\..~.~DREWS . No; if you do not understand that~ there You know the record of the Democratic tariff that produced is no use wasting time with you. [Applause on the Repub­ the condition is not a thing you like to talk about. lican side. J I will tell you what your Wilson law did. It produced a )Ir. BLACK. Will tile gentleman yield for just one question? deficit of $69,000,000 in the first year, $42,000,000 the next, )lr. ANDltEWS. Certainly. · $25,000,000 the next, $18,000,000 the next, or ~154,000,000 in 3Ir. BLACK. When the gentleman made those figures did he four years. figure up how the value of the goods imported at the lesser Mr. GAR!~. Those ound very much like Populistic figures. 1·a.te compared to the goods imported at tile increased rate? l\lr. ANDREWS. You have been quoting them, ha>e you not? Did the gentleman figure that? We know you hail from poppy land. ' . 3632 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 12,

l\1r. STEVENSON. The gentleman does not state to us that Both of these statements are incorrect, but have come into the reason the Democratic administration under Grover Cle\e­ existence through deliberate misrepresentation· of the effort land had to sell bonds ·was to replenish the gold resene which which were made to reduce the expenses of the Go>ernment was being drawn out under the Republican Sherman sil\er pur­ whenever the issuance 'of bonds ~hould_ become a necessity to chasing act. maintain the redemption fund. In this connection, let us note The CHAIRl\1Al~. The time of the gentleman has expired. some facts which are matters of record. 1\lr. ANDREWS. 1\fay I ha\e fixe minutes more? The sundry civil act which passed the Senate February !22, l\lr. FORDNEY. I yield to the gentleman two minutes more. 1893, contained the following amendment to the original House 1\lr. ANDREWS. I will tell you why they issued them. Here bill No. 10238, Fifty-~econd Congress (amendment 75, p, 48) : is the fact: ·The gold resene ne\er dropped below $125,000,000 To enable the Secretary of the Treasury to provide for and to main­ from 1879 to election day in 1892. Go study the record and you tain the redemption of United States notes according to the provisions of the act appr:oved January 14, 1875, entitled "An act to provide for will find out. Here are the facts with citations to the record: the resumption of specie payments," $50,000, and, at the discretion of DEFICITS, the Secretary, he is authorized to issue, sell, and dispose of. at not less than par in coin, either of the description of bonds authorized in said At this point note the fact that from 1866 to 1892, under Re­ act or bonds of the United States bearing not to exceed 3 per centum interest, payable semiannually and redeemable at the pleasure of the publican legislation and administration, there had not been a United States after five years from their- date with like qualities, deficit in the Treasury for a single year. Note the record as it privileges, and exemptions provided in said act for the bonds therein opens before the country in consequence of the election of 1892. authorized, to the extent necessary to carry said resumption act into full effect and to use the proceeds thereof for the purpose proYided in W'hene\er importations of dutiable goods are cut off the rev­ said act and none other. enues of the National Treasury are inevitably Teduced. For 1894 the deficit under the Democratic policy was $69,000,000; On pages 2330 and 2331 of volume 24, part 3, of the CoNGRES­ for 1895, M2,000,000; for 1896, $25,000,000; and for 1897, SIONAL RECORD-Fifty-second Congress, second ·ession-will be found a statement that said amendment was fully considered $18,000,000, ma~ing a total deficit in four years of $154,000,000. by the Senate Finance Committee and secured the concurre-nce GREEXB.ACKS .AXD TRE.ASCRY NOTES REDEE~fED. of practically the entire committee. l\ote also that from 1879 to 1892 the Republicans were called It appears as a matter of record that l\Ir. Carlisle, who bad upon to redeem only $100,000,000 of greenbacks and Treasury formerly been a ·member of said committee but was soon to notes, the largest redemption in any one year being $9,000,000. become the Secretary of the Treasury, appeared before the The redemption for December, 1892, the first full month after committee and urged the adoption of this amendment. Said the election of that year, amounted to $10,000,000; for January, amendment was adopted by the Senate February 18, 1893. 1893, $11,000,000; for February, 1893, $13,000,000; and for tbe On February 20, 1893, the Bon. Charles Fo ter, then Secre­ fiscal year 1893, $102,000,000 ; for the fiscal year. 1894, $84,- tary of the Treasury, issued instructions to the Chief of the 000,000; 1895, $117,000,000; and 1896, $158,000,000, making a Bure-au of Engraving and Printing, as follows: total in four years of $461,000,000. You are hereby authorized and directed to prepne designs for the 3 per cent bonds provided in a Senate amendment to the sundry civil BOXDS ISS"GED. bill now pending. The denominations which !January 1, 1879, and on the last day of that month the net gold SPANISH-AMERICA....- WAR. . in the Treasury was $116,674,227. Between those two date Tbe McKinley administration issued $198,000,000 of 3 per the net gold in the Treasury was sufficient to meet the demands cent bonds to feed, clothe, and equip our Army and Navy in the for the redemption of legal-tender notes, the largest amount Spanish-American War. This record placed in comparison with redeemed in any one year within said period being $!:1,125,843 the Democratic record from 1893 to 1897 shows that the Repub­ and th~ - smallest amount $40,000. lican Party fought a foreign war with a smaller loan than the The redemption of legal-tender notes for December, 1892, Demooratic Party was compelled to make to fight the evil re­ January and February, 189.3, were as follows: December. $10,- sults of it own policies during four 3·ears of peace. This 237,812; January, $11,496,617; February, $13,828,664. commentary speaks forcibly for itself and warns the people of You will observe that the redemptions for each of those months the country against the misfortunes that would follow the exceeded the total redemptions made in any preceding year. The restoration of the Democratic Party to power in the Federal commercial and financial conditions of the country plainly dis­ Government. In response to this statement, our opponents fre­ closed the fact that these unusually large redemptions for these quently assert that the Republicans were preparing to issue months clearly indicated a strong tendency for an excessh·e bonds at the close of the Harrison administration and that they demand upon the redemption fund of the Government. Such are therefore responsible for them. The:r e\en go so far as to tendencies and conditions did not exist between January, 1879, aJ.lege that the Republicans \Oted for those bonds. The Repub­ and November, 1892. licans had nothing whatever to do with the issuance of the As the amendment quoted above from the sundry civil act of Clen•la nd bond • 1893 did not become a law, Secretary Foster revoked the order 1921. :OONGRESSION_._ L REOORD-HOUSE. '3633

which ·he d sued to •the 'Chref ~f :!Jhe Bur-eau of !Engr-aving and · Which is rendened ·Stable, constant, and ·coniinnous•on account of -Prinfin" en February 20 1.893. '['he terms of the .amendment ;the .great ·demand created for his -sm·plus by the millions .and lrnd th; order will ~readily suggest to you ;the •necessity ·of 'SUch • tmillions ·engaged in other gainful

gold, which w.as -secured between "18S3 and ~'897 'by the issua'llce ported $3101l;OOO;OOe in valne o:f agrjcultnral prodncts. 'irb:Is of ·bond-s amounting to '$262t3l5,400. A -pa:rt··of this issue, $162,- fact furnishes in a great measure thB explann.tion for the con- 315,400, runs 30 years :at 4 peT cent interest, payable · quanter1y~ diitlion ·of :A!mericffll agriculture to-day. .ro:J.d the remaindm.·, ~ $160~000',~600, 'l'Ilns ·10 years .at 5 .per cent Gentlemen, I am in favor of a stiff duty .on all the products lllf intei•est, -;payab-le quarterly. the soil of America, where that ~soil is adapted to their cUltiva- mhe total ·mtlount ,of d.nterest at 4 n.nd 5 ,per •cent will be 1 .tion .and produation in .qua-ntities rto supply the o'f the premiums Teatlzed on the sale 'Of the 4 :gi-ven him without stint; ana JtS a rresnU :mamtfttctnring ·lms and -5 _per -cent !bond.'>, -we still !ha-ve a net loss to tthe Govern- prospered. Its investments ar.e measured in billions. It is ment of $37,552,733.26. · firmly established, a:nd its prod:ucts tind a maTket with 1.10,- Mr. STEVENSON. Will the .gentleman yield'? 1000,.000 ·of .the Jll()St !pl"OS})e.I'cms !peOple m fhe world; and Mr.. ANDREWS. Y.es. . : 40,000;.000 :of those customer'S a:r.e on the farms rof 'the United J.Jr. STEVENSON. If 'the Republicans ·were doing so 'Well ' 'States, W.ou ha:ve had me !better CllStomeJ:s in noonal times .and had enacted sucb .a ~ood ±ari:ff law, known as the _1\fcKinley 'fo1· .a 3J.nndTe.d oy.eaL'S it-han the 1f.tll'al popula:tlon. U:hey .are free bill, hew did it happen .that in 11392, in the -election .to "Which ;you Sptlnders in all J)l'OS{)eFOUS perio(ls. refer, the result was s~ disastrous to the Republican :Barty? ' Ent I wM'n you, you men of tbe East, when these 40,000,000 Mr. ~~REWS. Because tin-pan Democratic peddlers went dwellers on the farms of America shall be sunk in ad~ersity, ·over the country and misrepresented 'the law. What was the ttheir business depressed and ruined, their .ability ;to 'ft•eely pur­ J•esult in .JB96? McKdnley for JPr.esident supparted by a .Re::pub- ·chase ·and 'Paw :for 'the products ,(Jf ycmr industries :gone-I wa1.·n lican Congl'ess. t:A.pphluse.J you, I say, lthe fire in wour -:furnaces will go ·out .and the b:um The CHAIRMAN. 'The 'time 10f 'the .gentleman has exptr.ed. o'f your ~indies ·wm Q'e1apse into silence. ·Gentlemen, the l\fr . .FORDNEY. ..1\lr. Chairmtm, l 'yield 50 ~mi:rnrtes o the manufacturers tell us tlfey can not .compete with lQ.ermany, Eng- . genileman from Kansas 1),1r. W-HITE]. . land, ~ranee, Rolland, Belgium, and .Japan .even in ·our do n-ot ·observat1on ancl experience :n buy1:ng, that :the res.:lts as_[ havQ say so; but 1J do say that if you place on foreign wl1eat a

- 3634 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 12,

I never saw it. But it is no more mythical than this story for the soul as the word "hunger." No autocrat inspires such thn t the ele>en billions owed the Government by foreign coun­ fear, no despot accomplishes such desolation. No feast is ever tries is to be remitted. I say not a dollar ever should, nor do forward in the halls of death such as this grim caterer, I believe ever will be, remitted, principal or interest. And, famine, has set a thousand times, when humanity has furnished further, let me say that while the political complexion of this the victims that "lured her lank jaws." Congress shall remain Republican the doors of the United Gentlemen opposing this bill are still employing the ancient States customhouse will not be thrown open to the hungry, in­ simile of the Chillese wall. Well, that was not much of a wall. discriminate, economic hordes of the world, to plunder and There were many weak spots in it where the Tartars broke destroy our markets. When did gentlemen awaken to such through. I would make the walls thicker, stronger, and higher conceptions of international magnanimity? Some one has said than ever before. I would protect the producer of wheat, corn, with great propriety that in the trade relations between na­ oats, rye and barley, sugar beets, and cane until this country tions there is but one law, and that is that "the greatest profit should produce every bushel and pound of those products we is the most exact justice." consume and a surplus for exportation, and in doing that I l\fr. McKENZIE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield should eliminate the possibility of a shortage. there for a question? They are, all of them, primary necessities in American life. Mr. WHITE of Kansas. Yes; I will yield. We are now producing all those things in large volume. We Mr. McKENZIE. Of course, the gentleman from Kansas is look with pleasure at their-growth and expansion. I should be one of the great and prominent farmers of the West-- very proud to believe that within a few years we will be pro­ l\1r. 1VHITE of Kansas. Oh, not so prominent, or so ducing within our own domain all of the 90 pounds per capita great-- per annum of sugar consumed in the United States. The more 1\fr. McKENZIE. One of those who believe in the general we produce of all these things we use and consume the greater principle of protection and who· feel that it ought to be applied our economic security in time of peace and the stronger our to agricultural products, just the same as to manufactured military position in time of war. Then why not build that products in industrial centers? wall and.maintain its strength and open its gates only upon our 1\Ir. WHITE of Ka~sas. Absolutely and imperatively. own terms? l\IL'. McKENZIE. I agree with the gentleman absolutely; ·we build the house in which our loved ones are sheltered but I want to ask him this question: In view of th~ fact that good and strong, and we keep our castle secure. No one may the tendency seems to be from the farm to the city, and that enter at his will, but only with the master's consent. " When a consumption is overtaking production, does not the gentleman strong man armed keepeth his palace, his goods ate in peace: . from Kansas feel that the future of the American farmer is but when a stronger than he shall come, then shall he despoil more hopeful and secure than that of any other class of people him of his goods." in the country? Gentlemen, I am not willing that th~ industries of America, Mr. WHITE of Kansas. I will indulge the hope conveyed in building through all the period of our national life, shall be the the gentleman's suggestion, and as I proceed I will touch upon victims of a capricious theory of international exchange, to the point upon which the gentleman interrogat~ me. which we look in vain through the history of 137 years for a 1\Ir. GARNER. l\Ir. Chairman, may I ask the· gentleman a single evidence of wisdom or practicability. · question in that connection? Now, gentlemen, I feel that it is entirely proper to call atten­ Mr. WHITE of Kans s. I shall be glad to yield to the gen­ tion to a phase of our industrial and economic life upon which tleman. I shall place an interpretation which to some Members may Mr. GARl\"'ER. If the gentleman from illinois is so much sound a bit unusual, but which I believe is entirely appropriate, concerned about it, I was wondering why hides were not put and which I believe you will so admit. It is not at all unusual on the tax list in this bill. . to hear of the products of the farm spoken of as raw material. Mr. WHITE of Kansas. I am going to offer an amendment But the farmer does not so regard them. I will interpolate to to do it if he does not do it. And then I hope the gentleman say that the farmer does not look at anything as being quite as from Texas will vote for this bill, because there is no man who raw as the deal he is getting in the present readjustment proc­ is more interested in saving the hides that are on his cattle and ess. The farmer is a manufacturer. There are about 6,000,000 in saving his own political hide than the gentleman from Texas. agricultural factories in the United Sta:tes engaged in produc­ [Laughter.] ing wheat, corn, oats, rye, barley, sugar beets, and a thousand Mr. McKENZIE. I want to say to the gentleman from other agricultural- products-finished products; also cattle for Texas that I am going to vote with the gentleman from Kansas slaughter, hides for sale, and for the convenience of the on that proposition. buyer and seller the hides are sold on the steer, the steer l\Ir. GARNER. There seemed to be a great many who did being mostly inside the hide, the hide being o. very necessary not agree with him, however, in the Republican caucus. part of the steer; also swine, horses, sheep, goats, mules, 1\Ir. WIDTE of Kansas. But before leaving this subject I poultry, eggs, and so forth. The money invested in t11ese would further call your attention to the propriety, aye, the agricultural factories aggregates about $79,000,000,000. The wisdom, even what seems to me the imperative necessity, that value of the output is about $20,000;000,000 per annum. The we should, by every lawful and proper means, safeguard ' the equipment of these 6,000,000 factories is little understood by interest of agriculture. I feel that it is my peculiar and proper many persons who are not in close touch with them. Of the province to do this, for I have been all my life a farmer and $79,000,000,000 permanent investment, $67,000,000,000 is repre­ stockman. I believe that it is entirely appropriate to say that sented by land and improvements owned or leased ; $12,000,- agriculture is essentially vital to the _strength of the Nation 000,000 is represented by live stock and other property. The more than any other, if not all other industries. gross value of such products in 1920 is given at $19,856,000,000. Do not misunderstand me. It is not my purpose in any sense Now, gentlemen, I know from experience, as you may know to minimize the · importance of other industries. One can not through observation, that the production of grain and live long continue prosperous if the other is decadent. But it is stock is most precarious and uncertain as to results. Indeed, important to the prosperity of the country to have a prosperous I doubt if there is anything like the element of risk and agriculture. Aye, more than that, it is imperative to the very uncertainty in any other well-established industry that obtains life of all the people, and therefore I feel that I can not too in production of grain and live stock. As I have stated, the strongly urge upon you in considering this legislation that you 6,000,000 factories turning out these products are scattered give fair consideration to the interests of the 40,000,000 people throughout every State in the Union, but each operating indi­ directly dependent upon and engaged in this great industry, vidually and independently on its own or borrowed capital. A and by so doing give equal consideration to the other 65,000,000 plant may represent a ·small investment of a few thousand . who are indirectly dependent for their daily bread upon this dollars or it may represent $100,000, and in some cases even industry. . more. And right here, in passing, let me say that in the past years I can only briefly state that there are many accidents to there have been famines. I doubt if all the wars that evet which his investment is exposed. The producer of grain, for drenched the earth with human blood have yet destroyed as instance, can not estimate even with approximate accuracy many lives as the gaunt specter hunger. Gentlemen, do you the cost of a bushel of wheat. He knows the risks that beset know that in the history of the peoples of the world it is re­ his venture, but be can not anticipate the losses that may corded that there· ha>e fallen upon the race of men 350 distinct · befall it. He obeys the scriphual admonition, " In the morning periods of famine--dire, destructive, remorseless, immitigable sow thy seed and in the evening withhold not thy hand, for famine-and the last one in China within a year? There is no thou knowest not which shall prosper." He knows the risk­ emergency short of a possible war at all comparable to a short­ tl}e Hessian fly, the ubiquitous chinch bug, the hail, the flood, age of a nation's food supply. There is no calamity so terrible the drought, when the sky above is as brass and the earth in its consequences. There is no word that holds such terror beneath is as iron. And if any of these befall it means failure. 1921. CONGRESSIONAL R.EOORD-HOUSE. 3635

And all this is true in almost every line of agricultural activ­ normals. yet we are endange'ring our fundamental industry through the high co st of transportation from farm to market and through the influx ity. Is it any wonder that men haYe left the farm by thou­ of foreign farm products! becau e we offer, essentially unprotected, the sands to engage in occupations where profits are greater and best market in the worlc . It would be better to err in protecting our more certainly assured? basic food industry than paralyze our farm activities in the world struggle for restored exchanges. _ And after his product is raised it at once becomes the shut­ The maturer revision of our tariff laws should be based on the policy tlecock, the football of trade manipulation. His product is of protection, resisting that selfishness which turns to greed, but ever the Ishmaelite of commerce and trade. It may be said of the concerned w1th that productivity at home which is the source of all abiding good fortune. It is agreed that we can not sell unless we buy, farmer, not so metaphorically as literally, that his hand is but ability to sell is based on home development and the fostering of against every man and that every man's hand is against him. home markets. There is little sentime-nt in the trade of the world. This is so clearly . evidenced in the readjustment of the past Trade can and ought to be honorable, but it knows no sympathy. While the delegates of the nations at war were .debating peace terms at Paris, 18 months as to need no spoken emphasis. He has no organ­ and while we later debated our part in completing the peace, commer­ ization by or through which he is able to control or even sta­ cial agents of other nations were opening their lines and establishing bilize the prices of his product. His disadvantage is so their outposts, with a forward look to the morrow's trade. It was wholly proper, and has been advantageous to them. Tardy as we are, strongly accentuated that it has · stirred the minds of the usn­ it will be safer to hold our own markets secure and build thereon for ally patient, good-natured, uncomplaining group of 40,000,000 our trade with the world. industrious, patriotic American producers to the deepest re­ [Applause.] sentment. Mr. FORD~Y. Mr. Chairman, I move that the committee The price of the farmer's live stock has been cut in three, do now rise. and two-thirds of that value is swept away in the deflation of The motion was agreed to. value. The same is true of almost all his products. His los~es Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having can be stated in figures that stagger the comprehension. On resumed the chair, 1\lr. CAMPBELL of Kansas, Chairman of the cattle alone they are conservatively estimated at $4,000,000,000. .Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, re­ And with freight rates so high as to be in many instances pro­ ported that that committee, having under consideration the hibitive, he has little encouragement to continue what seems a bill (H. R. 7456) to provide revenue, to regulate commerce hopeless struggle with adverse conditions. The sheep industry with foreign countries, to encourage the· industries of the is, -if anything, more hopelessly involYed. United States, and for other purposes, bad come to no reso­ Gentlemen, this bill is not a cure-all for the farmer nor for lution thereon. anyone. One great incubus that weighs and will weight do"\\n for years to come the heavy steps of progress is the national LEAVE OF .ABSENCE. debt of twenty-three billions, which will not be paid in your By unanimous consent, l\ir. FLOOD was ·granted leave of day rior mine. The consumer, the producer, and the public absence indefinitely on account of sickness in his family. are hoping against despair that substantial rate reductions will STATEMENT OF THE WORK OF CONGRESS. be etrecte<'l, which shoul<'l afford much relief. ·I have heard many gentlemen on the majority side say they l\Ir. l\10NDELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to are not satisfied with all the provisions of this bill, that it will extend my remarks by placing in the RECORD a statement that not please anyone in all respects. Well, I agree. And I go I made a few days ago in regard to the work of Congress at further than most have gone and impart to you in confidence I this session. am not satisfied with the woolen schedule. I want a duty on The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wyoming asks unani­ Irides. I want :1 duty of 20 cents per bushel on corn. I want a mous consent to place in the RECORD a statement in regard duty on long-staple cotton that will permit the production in to the work of Congress at this session. Is there objection? this country of every pound of long-staple cottQn required for There was no objection. manufacturing in this country. With the adoption of soll,)e RECESS. such amendments the bill wUl please me better. l\fr. FORDNEY. l\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that Representatives from the ·East whose interests are more the House stand in recess until 8 o'clock. especially manufacturing, I want your industries to have ade­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Michigan asks unani­ quate protection. I want you to prosper. I want to see the mous consent that the House stand in recess until 8 o'clock. efficient American laborer well paid and constantly employed; ­ Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none, so well paid that he may haYe every essential necessity pos­ and it is so ordered. sessed by his employer. I want him to eat white biscuit baked Thereupon (at 5 o'clock and 20 minutes p. m.) the House from Kansas wheat flour. We must have a market for our stood in recess until 8 o'clock p. m. wheat, and we want the privilege of selling it to him, for he is our best customer. For I know well that the more goods with E\E.:NING SESSION. the \fords " made in Germany " sold from the shelves of the The recess having expired, the House (at 8 o'clock p. m.) American dealer, by so much the less is the American factory resumed its session. laborer's ability to purchase my products curtailed. I hope to The SPEAKER. The House resolves itself into the Commit­ see a more efficient, equitable, economical system of distribu­ tee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the fur­ tion worked out in time. But how and when this shall be, God ther consideration of the tariff bill, and the gentleman from an me, and more also, if aught but death part thee and me. [Laughter.] Brother TINCHER, you are fooling the farmers of America by this bill almost as much as you attempted to fool l\Ir. FOSTER Amen! them by that antigambling grain bill that you passed here in l\fr. BLANTON. It will take death to part this horde of this House. [Laughter and applause on the Democratic side.] patronage drawers from Brother FonnxEY since that caucus That stopped gambling in grain after people went to bed at action. night. Gamblers sleep just like other people. It did stop The gentleman from Michigan [l\Ir. FoRD:J\"-EY] is not against gambling in grain on puts and calls, which are made after free trade more strongly than I am. As I have said before, let people go to sleep, but it never will stop a single gambling me repeat, that in Mexico, South America, Australia, Europe, transaction during the regular hours of the exchange. Asia, and Africa there exists an entirely different state of It is not surprising, Mr. Chairman, that when first presenting conditions, a different standard of living, a di.fferent standard this " fundamentally indefensible ~· measure before the House, of working hours, a different standard of wages, a different the distinguished gentleman from Michigan [Mr. FoRDNEY] standard of necessities, morals, intelligence, hopes, ambitions, sought to justify its provisions by a quotation from the Holy and aspirations. Mexican peons are content to work for a Bible, as both men and parties love to entrench their wrong­ miserable existence. Chinese and Japanese laborers are per­ doings behind misconstrued passages of Scripture. But he fectly satisfied to work from .lO to 14 hours each day for less should have studied the doop underlying meaning of the great than 20 cents pay, to live on rice, to go almost naked, and to apostle, before quoting him, as the gentleman did not go far let the future take care of itself. As a loyal Democratic Ameri­ enough in merely reciting the eighth verse of the fifth chapter can, I am not willing to force our intelligent, ambitious, d-e­ of I Timothy. He should have read a little farther in this sening laborers, in the city factories and upon the farm and same chapter and found out what St. Paul said to young Timothy ranche , to freely compete in their American markets directly in the twenty-first verse. For the gentleman's benefit, I give witll the peons and slaYe of the universe. both verses: I stand for upholding American tanD.ards. I deny that the I Timothy, fifth chapter: Democrats of this Nation stand for free h·ade. I {leny that Verse 8. But if any provide 110t tor his oum, and specially tor those free trade has ever been in any Democratic platform. I deny of his own house, he hath denied th·c faith, and is toorse than an in"{ldel. Verse 21. I chm·ge thee befo,·e God, and the Lord Jesus Oltrist, and that the few Democratic leaders who have advocated free trade the elect angels, that thou observe these things 1vithout 1Jt'cferri11[1 ona ha •e truly represented tile majority of the Democrats of this be(o1·c another, doing nothing by partiality. country. I am in hearty accord with and am willing to fol­ That Biblical injunction, 1\ir. Chairman, is worth repeating: low the policy outlined by such statesmen as Washington, Jef­ that thou obser,ve these things 'Without preferring one before a.11other, ferson, Madison, Monroe, and Jackson on this subject, and doi11g nothing by partiality. while it is nece sary for the United States to collect $500,- Mr. FORDNEY. That is exactly what we did in this bill. 000,000 annually through the customhouses, I am in favor of [Applause on the Republican side.] so eli tributing snell dutie as to equalize the cost of production l'lfr. BLANTON. You have not placed one person before in this as against that of all competing foreign countries, on another? Let us see about it. I do not have to testify, I am eYery product of the American farms and ranches, as well as going to let one of your very own do the testifying. the indush·ies of our Nation. This is incidental protection to Mr. FOSTER. Will the gentleman yield! Would the gentle­ tile extent of maintaining American standards and ideals. man place the American laborer before the European? So far, hlr. Chairman, I will go, but no further. By going Mr. BLANTON. ~id the gentleman hear the first part of my on1~ · so far you distribute the small tax to benefit all the people, speech? for all ilie people are interested in maintaining ~merican stand­ Mr. FOSTER. I heard all of it. vrcl. -and ideals. But when you go further-when you go be­ Mr. BLANTON. If the gentleman has the understanding of yon(! merely €qualizing the cost of production, as this bill does the ordinary schoolboy of America, he would know where I on ser-eral hundred tru t-made articles of common household stand. nee ~ ·ity, you wrongfully rob :mel buTden the masses to enrich l\lr. FOSTER. I ha•e the ordinary undersl.anuing out ide of the fayored few. Thu the eli. tinguished Republkan from Wis­ western Texa ·. con in [Mr. Fllli..u:] has well said that this bill as written is Mr. BLANTON. Let me tell. the gentleman something. The "fundamentally indefensible." great apostle St. Paul was not speaking merely to this young But the Du Pont Dye Trust is not the only monopoly for man Timothy ; he was addre sing his words of wisdom to all which thi · bill has establi ·lled an embargo. What about the men who came thereafter, eYen unto our Brother FORDNEY and great Steel Trust, the urgical and Dental Instrument Trust, unto his 'Vays and Means Committee and unto his Republican the Tung-sten Ore Tru t, the ::\lagnesite Trust, and the many Party. You and your Ways and l\1eans Committee and this 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE., 3637

Congress, Brother FoRDNEY, are now providing for the whole Six hours is more than one legislative day, because we usually United States. All of the 105,000,000 people are your " own,"' con'\"'ene at 12 and adjourn at 5. Thus, with purposed under4 and as against the balance of the world constitute those of standing our Republican leaders agreed to waste six hours, or your "own bouse," and in your recited verse 8, St. Paul told more than one whole legislative day, in the futile, wasteful, you that if you did not provide equitably and justly for all silly first reading of this bill. So in order to try to save this the people of the United States you and your party would be useless waste of six hours in the perfunctory reading of a untrue to the faith and worse than an infidel. And then almost 346-page bill with only a handful of Members present, and they in the same breath, in verse 21, Brother FoRDNEY, notice. again not listening, when neither Chairman FonDNEY nor any other his solemn injunction : Republican leader moved to dispense with its first reading, as I charge thee befot·e God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, and the elect is universally done by the chairman having in charge any im­ angels that thou obsm·ve these things wit1wttt pt·efe1·ring one before portant piece of legislation, I made the following motion: another, doi11g nothing by partiality. Mr. BLA~TON. Mr. Chairman, l ask unanimous consent that {he fur- You Republicans had better watch out. You bad better be ther reading of the bill be dispensed with. careful. You had better send this bill back to the committee 1\Ir. LONGWORTH and Mr. KING. Mr. Chairman, I object. for proper revision. and obey this injunction,. for you have pre4 Mr. BLANTON. Then the Clerk will read it, every word. ferred certain business interests before others, and you have I feel sure, Mr. Chairman, that the energetic, industrious, been doing things by partiality. To convict you of doing these · iq.telligent Republican farmers, laborers, and business men in things all that is necessary is for me to quote the indisputable Kansas will unanimously agree with me that if a little bunch testimony of yolir own witness, one of your own faith and from of political conspirators are willing to unnecessarily waste six rour own fold, the lifelong orthodox Republican from ~..scon­ hours, or more than one whole legislative day, in the useless sin, l\Ir. FREAR, ,-vho in his speech from this floor yesterday said: reading of a 346-page bill, that they should be forced to remain That Du Pont and his interests control a monopoly upon all dyes in on the floor and listen to its reading. the United States;. that during the war his Chemical I!'oundation secured from the Government 4,500 German dye patents; easily worth $10,- Our rules of the House provide that in the Committee of the 000,000, for $250,000; that just one of those 4,500 patents, the salvar­ "'.,..hole 100 Members constitute a quorum, and that a quorum san, was alone worth $5,000,000; that the Du Pont interests embrace must be present at all times to transact business, and that $562,000,000 a ssets ; that Du Pont has arranged with Levenstein, the European monopolist, that Du Pont will operate North America, Central when less than a quorum is present any 1\fember has the right .America, and South .America, and that Levenstein may have all of to rise in his seat and make the point of order that no quorum Europe; that the dye-monopoly lawyers prepared the existing dye laws, is present, and thereupon it becomes the dut'Y of the Chairman and that be feels reasonably certain that the dye schedule in the present bill was submitted to their scrutiny; that the duty provided in this bill to secure a q\}orum. upon dyes is 280 per cent greater even than the duty fixed in the Hill So, Mr. Chairman, shortly after the Clerk began the per­ bill passed in 191G; that just before the war synthetic indigo sold here functory reading of this 346-page· bill I carefully counted the at 15 cents per pound, while under this l>ill the duty on same will be number of Members on the floor, and there were less than 40. 28 cents per pound; and he alleges that hundreds of thousands of dol­ lars for lobby fees have been paid in connection with the passage of I therefore exercised my rights as follows: these laws. · Mr. llLAi\TON. Mr. Chairman, I make the point of order that we have No wonder, 1\lr. Chairman, this honest unsubjugated Repub­ no quorum present. If we are going to read the 346 pages of this bUl, we ought to have somebody here to hear it. lican from Wisconsin [l\fr. FREAR] exclaimed from his inner The CHAIRMAN. If the gentleman from Texas makes the point of no heart outward that certain provisions of this bill are "funda­ quorum, he may state that fact. There his duties cease; be need not mentally indefensible." Who is this l\fr. du Pont, whom the add comment. The Chair will count. [.After counting.] One hundred committee has so preferred above all others, and in violation and thirty-nine Members are present, a quorum. The Clerk will read. of St. Paul's solemn injunction has shown such favored par­ The above would indicate that there were 139 Members in the tiality? He is the· past grand master of all war profiteers, the House when I made the point. As a matter of fact, this is what one who garnered millions from the Government each month happened: The alarm was soup.ded, the Republican whip got that our gallant heroes were sacrificing their lives in the hor­ busy, lounging Members· everywhere in the Capitol were noti4 rible blood-drenched trenches of France. It was just this kind fied, and they came streaming into the Chamber from the cloak­ of a man St. Paul had in mind when he said: rooms, from the Speaker's lobby, from the corridors, from the I cha1·ge thee befor·e God, and the Lora Jesus Christ, and the elect gallery, and from the various other places to which Members angels, that thou observ e these things without preferring one before go to escape being bored with the business of the House, and another, doing nothing by fJartiality. finally the Chair reported that he had counted 139 1\Iembers. When, Mr. Chairman, opposing nations are grappling at the But, 1\Ir. Chairman, just as soon as the Clerk resumed reading throats of each other in deadly warfare there is some excuse for all of these loiterers again left the Chamber, and I will here resorting to camouflage, smoke screens, barrages, hidden bat­ copy one page from the bill to show just exactly what kind of . teries, and purposed deceit; but there is no excuse whatever, reading they were escaping from, and which was being forced 1\.Ir. Chairman, for any party in control of Congress attempting at a waste of six hours of time: to deceive the people of the Nation. PAR. 25. Coal-tar products: .Acetanilide not suitable for medicinal The evidence demonstrates that this bill was conceived and use, alpha-naphthol, aminobenzoic acid, aminonaphthol, aminophenetole, born in secret intrigue, that it reached this Committee of the aminophenol, aminosalicylic acid, -aminoanthraquinone, aniline oil, ani­ line salt, anthraquinone, arsanilic acid, benzaldehyde not suitable for Whole House behind a purposed smoke screen of deceit, and medicinal use, benzal chloride, benzanthrone, benzidine, benzidine sui· that in camouflaging it the Ways and Means Committee was fate, benzoic acid not suitable for medicinal use, benzoquinone, benzoyl aided and abetted by the Committee on Rules, whose august chloride, benzyl chloride, benzyletbylaniline, beta-naphthol not suitable for medicinal use, bromobenzene, chlorobenzene, chloropbthalic acid, chairman, now presiding over this body, the gentleman from cinnamic acid, cumidine, dehydrothiotoluidine, diaminostilbene, dianisi­ Kansas [l\Ir. CAMPBELL], whom ·we all dearly love, and I will dine, dichlorophthalic acid, dimetbylaniline, dimethylaminopbenol, not even stop to put a question mark after that, has personally dimethylpbenylbenzylammonium hydroxide, dimethylpbenylenediamine, aided with a few barrages himself. dinitrobenzene, dinitrocblorobenzene, dinitronaphthalene, dinitrophenol, dinitrotoluene, dihydroxynaphthalene, diphenylamine, bydroxypbenylar4 . Do you want Some evidence of what I have just said? Well, sinic acid, metanilic acid, methylanthraquinone, naphtbylamine, naph­ I will give you some. This is my fifth rear in Congress. I thylenediamine, nitroaniline, nitroanthraquinone, nitrobenzaldehyde, nitrobenzene, nitronaphtbalene, nitropbenol, nitrophenylenediamine, have been a constant and studious attendant upon the business nitrosodimethylaniline, nitrotoluene, nitrotoluy1enediamine, phenol, of this House. During these five years every single bill of any phenylenediamine, phenylhydrazine, pbenylnapbthylamine, phenylglycine, legislative importance has been read for amendment under the pbenylglycineortbo-carboxylic acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, phthalimide, quinaldine, quinoline, resorcinol not suitable for medicinal 5-minute rule. This 346-page bill, with all of its technical use, salicylic acid and its salts not suitable for medicinal use, sulfanilic terms and expressions, and which burdens the people of the acid, thiocarbanilide, thiosalicylic acidh tetrachlorophtha.lic acid, tetra­ United States with $500,000,000 indirect taxes, is to be the methyldiaminobenzophenone, tetramet yldiaminodiphenylmethane, tol­ uene sulfochloride, toluene sulfonamide, tribromopbenol, toluidine, toli­ first exception. It is not to be read under the 5-minute rule dine, toluylenediamine, xylidine, antlll'acene. for amendment. Such was foreordained before it reached us. Our masters on the steering committee caused our submasters And, Mr. Chairman, this occurred repeatedly. I would count on the Rules Committee to so rule. But in contemplating such the Members on the floor and ascertain that less than 50 were program these intriguers were confronted with an important present, and would then make the point of orqer, and tlley wonld ironclad rule of the House that every bill must be read in be rounded up and counted and then again depart. , full at least once before it can be passed. So, to prevent a But finally, Mr. Chairman, I counted only 26 Members present, reading of the bill under the 5-minute rule for amendment, it and acting under the rules of the House in the performance of was ordained that six hours should be wasted in a useless, my duty I again made the point: silly first reading of the bill, and that, too, with a knowledge M1.·. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I make the point of order that there is on the part of the conspirators ·that not more than a handful no quorum present. I do .it in all sincerity. The CHAIR~IA.:x. The gentleman need not apologize or explain. of Members would remain in the Hall, and that none of them :\Ir. SA....~DERS of Indiana. Mr. Chairman, I make the point of order would pay any attention · to its reading. We have the finest that it is dilatory. Of course, the whole question of whether or not a motion or point of ordet· is dilatory is not debatable, ordinarily, but in reading clerks in the world, and yet our main expert can not the discretion of the Chair it may be. read this 346-page bill understandingly in less than ~ix hours. Mr. BLANTO:X, We have read a hundred pages, Mr. Chairman. 3638 OONGRESSION AL REOORD-HOUSK JULY 12·,

M1·. KIXG. The .gentleman from Texas [Mr. BL.A.....'\TON] at the time he bill to be read within six hour , so no time w.a.s wasted by me made the point of order was not in the Chamber nf the House. He was itting at 'the teJegraph desk. I desire a ruling upon the question as after all. to whether the gentleman was tP.bysica.lly 11pon the floor at that time. And, !1r. Chairman, to prove conclusively who it was that 1\Ir. KNUTSU..'\. May I suggest to .the gentleman that the little desk was :fJ.·i"Volously wasting the tim-e, I qu-ote the following from the there to which he refers can be seen from the galleries better than any otber part of the House. RECORD as to what occurred when the reading of the bill was lllr. .BL..L"'Q"TOK. And that is the reason the "'entleman from .Minnesota concluded: [Mr. KrmT"SON] stays there so much. Will ffie Chair kindly hear ~, The Clerk resumed {I>. 160, line 24, p.ar. 1411) and concluded the The CHMRMAN. The ·ChaiT will hear the gentleman briefly. ' reading of the bill. Mr. BL_ANTON, Mr. Chah:man, each time I .bave made the ·point of no Mr. FonnNEY. Mr. Chairm.nn-- quorum "I have been standing up in the well of the House. Each time I before I nave made the point of no quorum I nave counted, and there Mr. COPLEY. Mr. Chairman, make the point of order that there is were less than 50 Members 'present on the floor. Of course, they came no quorum present. in later from :the cloakroom . corridors,. galleries, and fro.m here and The CHAI.B.MAN. The gentleman from illinois makes the point of order there. and finally, when the count was completed, there were probably that there is no quurmn present. The Chair will count. 100 Members l)resen.t, but eaCh time I have followed the rule of the Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I make the point of order that that House which says that there must be 100 men here in .Committee of the motion is dilatory. [Laughter.] We ought to proceed with th.e con­ Whole at all times to make a quorum, an.d we hn.ve now read over 100 sideration of this bill, .as it is now only L50 o'clock p. m. pages of this bill. it ~s ~oo?!~~t~~e the point of order that the gentleman is in error; The CHJ..IRMAN. The Chair is ready to rule. The Chail· must take into account the number of times the gentleman from Texas has .made The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will count. [After counting.) Fifty-seTen · the point of ()l'der during the co-nsideration--of the bill within the last gentlemen axe present, not a quorum. The Clerk will call the roll. two hom·s and a balf that no quorum was present, Tbe Chair thinks Tbe Clerk called the roll, and the following Members f:J.iled to re­ that twclv~ times the gentleman from Texas has made the point of no spond to their names. quorum, ann twelve times a quo1'1llll ·hns been t}resent. [t is clear to The roll was £ailed to get the Members in to hear 1\fr. FoRD­ the Chair that the gentleman from Texas must .know thnt there is a quorum of the committee present within the radirul ot tlle voice of the NEY. But note, Mr. Chairrrum, when the masters wanted the roll Clerk who is reading· the bill and within e<'lsy access of the floor of ealled, only 57 Members were present, and this was at the con­ the House, and who are as constructively upon the tloo'r of the House clusion of the reading of the bill, when all interested Members as the gentlmnan from Texas, who has illot been in his seat since the second or third point uf order that he made until just now. were coming in to take up the real work. 1\.Ir. BLANTON. I ha-ve been on the House floor ~very moment. .At no And after M.r. FloliDNEY had yielded the floor oo the minority, sinc:le moment since we convened have l been absent. wh-en Mr. GA.:RNER start-ed to open our side of the debate, a point The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is of opini&n that the gentleman from Texas is indulging in a filibuster of his own and that he is raising the of {)rder had to be made to get a quorum to hear him. point of no ·quo-rum for the purpose of 'delaying the cunsideratlon of this Air. FIELDs. Mr. Spea.kel", I make the point of order that there is no measure, and the Chn.iJ.· sustains the point of order :made by the gen­ quorum present. ~e~;en b}}P.m IUinois {Mr. KING]. The Clerk will co.n~ue the reading The SP.E~KER pro tempore. The Chair will count. [Afte1· -counting.] A quonun 1s not present. Mr. C.A.JtrPBELL of Kansas. Mr. Spe!!ker, I move a can of the House. TllUs, Mr. Chairman, the distinguished gentleman who was .A call of the Rouse was ordered. presiding not only made it appear in the RECOJID that a quorum The .Clerk called the roll, and the following Members failed to answer was present in the House when I made the poillt of order, but to their names. he also made it appear that I was wasting time in a purpose­ During my fi\e years her~ the fir-st reading has been required less filibuster, when jus:t the opposite was true, as I was en­ on only one supply bill, and then it was done through pique. deavoring to saYe the waste -of six hours in the u-seless rea-ding Let me quote from the RECORD to show the uni\ersal rule of of a 346-page bill ·and to force the Members who caused this chairmen in charge of important bills, dispensing with their w:a te to remain in the Hall and hear it reacl. Bnt, in -violation first reading : of the Honse rules and precedents, the Chair, who is the dis­ DISTlUCT OF C<>LU1\I1HA BILL NOT READ THE FIRST TBIE. tinguished gentleman from Kansas-and, by the way, the chair­ The REcoRD for December 16, ~9~0, page 4-'>8, show that when man of the great Committee on Rules-[l\Ir. CAMPBELL], cen­ the District of Columbia appropriation bill, H. R. 15130, :was sured me, in violation of the 1·ule which proYides that- first called up in the Committee of tbe Whole, the following ceifs~ec:~~man may call a Member to order, but has no authority to occurred: Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. I ask unanimous consent that the first read­ ing of the bill be dispensed with . .l\Ir. TINCHER. Mr. Cl1a.irrnan, J: make the {}Oint the gentle­ The CHAIR:MAX. Tbe gentleman from l\Iinnesotn ask~ unanimous con­ man is not in Ol'der. It is not permitted a Member of this sent that the :first 1-eading of the bill be dispen ed with. Is there House in ·committee to question the trutl1 of the Chairman in objection? counting a quorum. There was no objection. l\1r. BLANTON. I ha"Ve not questioned the tr-uth of anybody. PEXSIOX .A.l'PROPR.llT.ION BlLL '0'1' REiD THE FIRST TDIE. I refu e to yield. The RECORD for December 23, 1920, page 704, sh~ws that when l\lr. TINCHER. I make the point of order that the gentle­ the pension n,ppro~iation bill, H. R. 1534-1, was fir t called up man is not discussing the subjeet presented for discussion under in the Committee of the Whole, the following occurred: the rule and that he is out of order. l\Ir. CAKNO-'. . l\Ir. Cbai.rrnan. I n.sk unanimous consent to dispense with the first reading of the bill. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will proceed in order to The CHAIRMAX. Is there objection There was no objection. discuss the &ill under the rule. SCNDRY CITIL APPROPRIATIOX BILL l\O'r READ THE FII'tST TIME. l\1r. BLANTON. Does the D.hair hold that l am nat discuss­ Tlle RECORD for December 30, 1920, page 814, shows that when ing in order! I have not impugned any-body's moti\es. the sundry civil appropriation bill, H. R. 15422, was first called The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is inclined to think that the up in the Committee of the Whole, the following occurred: gentleman was not discussing any pro\i ion -of the bill. The Mr. Goon. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that the :first gentleman will proceed in order. reading of the 'bill he dispensed 'With. . l\lr. BLAl"'\TTON. Well, 1\Ir.. Chairman, I thought-­ The CHAIRliAN. The gentleman from Iowa asks unanimous consent The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will proceed in ordex. that the first reading of the bill be dispmsed with. Is there objection? There wns no objection. 1\Ir. BLANTON. Will the Chair permit a parliamentary in­ POST OFFICE .A.l'PROPRUTIOX BILL !>OT '!lEAD THE FIRST TDIE. quiry, not to be taken out of my time? The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will proceed in January 10, 1921, page 1219, shows that wb~u Texas was diseu sing the manner in which he had made points the legislatiTe, ·ex:ecutiw, and judicial appropriation bill {H. R. of or-der that no quorum was present and the manner in which 15543) was first called up in the Committee of the Whole, the the Chair had procured the attendance of n quorum. The Chair following occurred : i of the o-pinion that that is not a discussion of the bill under 1\'lr. Woon of Indiana. 1\Ir. Chairm.1ln, I a. k unanimou consent that the rule. The gentleman from Texas will pToeeed in order. the first reading of the bill be dispen ed with. 1\lr. BLANTON. Well, I will get down to the bilL And, Mr. The motion was :J.greed to. Chairman, so that bere..'l.:fter there would ba na ground whate>er IXDIAX A"l'P.ROPUlATIOX JULL NOT READ THE FffiST THIE. in charging that I wasted .any time, e\en-upon a good endea~or, The R.Econ.o for January J.4, 1921, page 1430, shows that when I finally let the reading clerks skip the re-ucling of more than the Indian -appropriation bill (H. R. 1568.2) was first called up half of the remaining 18G pages of the bill, which permitted the in the -committee -of the Whole, the following occurred: · 1921. CONGR.ESSIONAL RECOR.D-HOUSE. 3639

:Mr. ELSTO::'\. :lh·. Chail·man, I ask unanimous consent that the first Corset clasps and steels, 25 per cent ad valorem. reading of the bill be dispensed with. Hooks and eyes, 15 per cent ad valorem. The ~CHAIRliAX. The gentleman from California asks unanimous con­ Umbrella ribs, 35 per cent ad valorem. sent that the first reading of the bill be dispensed with. Is there ob­ Fishhooks, 35 per cent ad valorem. jection? [After a pause.] The Cbair hears none. Pins, all kinds, including hairpins, hat pins, bonnet and shawl A.GniCCLTURAL APPROPBIA.TIOX '!!ILL NOT llEA.D THE FIRST TDIE. pins- The RECORD for January 21, 1921, page 1829, shows that when And look out for the babies, they even added safety pins, 28 the AgTicultural appropriation bill (H. R. 15812) was fu·st per cent ad \alOI·em. [Applause on the Democratic side.] called up in the Committee of the Whole, the following oc­ Mr. CHINDBLO::M. Will the gentleman yield? curred: ~Ir. BLA.i~OX In a moment. · :\Ir. AXDEBSOX. )!r. Chairman, I ask that the first reading of the Metal trouser buttons, one-half to th:ree-fourths of 1 cent per line bill be dispensed with. gross, plus 10 per cent ad valorem. The Ca.HBliA"'. Is 'there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair Scissors, 10 cents each, plus 30 per cent ad valorem. hears none. Pliers, pincers, and nippers, from 8 to 12 cents each, plus 25 per cent DlPLO:llATIC .\::'\D CONSULAR APPROPRIATION BILL WAS NOT READ THE FIRST ad valorem. TIME. Files and rasps, from 25 to 77?! cents per dozen. Razors, from 10 to 20 cents each, plus 30 per cent ad valorem. The REcoRD for January 27, 1921, page 2130, shows that when Pocket knives, valued at more than $3 per dozen and not more than the Diplomatic and Consular appropriation bill, H. R. 15872, $8 per dozen, 2{) cents each, plus 30 per cent ad valorem. When value is more than $8 per dozen, 30 cents each, plus 30 per cent ad valorem. wa first called up in the Committee of the Whole the following Table knives and forks, butcher knives, cooks' kmves and forks, carv· occurred: ing knives and forks, and kitchen knives and forks, all 16 eents each. Mr. ROGERS. :Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that the tirst Guns, from 20 per cent ad valorem to $1() each, plus 35 per cent r ailing of the bill be dispensed with. ad valorem. , The CHAlRiUAX. Is there objection? There was no objection. A..nd I could mention several hundred other articles wl:ich our to GE::\"ERAL DEFICIENCY DILL WAS NOT READ THE FIRST TIME. fanners and laborers use daily, that they are forced pur· chase, and which are manufactured here by various monopolies, The REcoRD for February 8, 1921, page 2819, shows that 1Yhen upon which our Republican brothel'S have placed an uncon­ the general deficiency bilJ, H. R. 15962, was fu·st called up in scionable rate of duty, but time forbids. the Committee of the Whole the following occmred: Are om· Republican brothers really and truly interested in :Mr. Goon. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that the first reading of the bill be dispensed with. the farm and ranch producers? Let us see: When the emer­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? [A.f~er a pause.] The Chair gency tariff bill was before the House, and by the way, the hears none. gentleman from Ohio [Mr. LoNGWORTH] asked that the first XAVAL APPllOPRIA.TION BILL WAS NOT llEA.D THE B'IRST TillE. reading of even that little bill be d-ispensed with, I offered from The RECORD for February 10, 1921, page 2939, shows that the floor an amendment to place a duty of H cents per pound w11en the naval appropriation bill, H. R 15975, was first called upon cotton-~d oil cake, and though all southern farmers were up in the Committee of the Whole the following occurred : interested in this item, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Lo~a­ ~Ir. KELLEY of l\Iichlgau. I ask unanimous consent that the first WOBTH] opposed and kept it out-page 669, REconD for Decem­ reading of the bill be dispensed with. ber 22, 1920-a.nd oil cake is placed on the free list in this bill. The CHAIR:ll.!.N. The gentleman from Michigan asks unanimous con­ sent that the first reading of the bill be dispensed with. Is there I likewise offered from the floor an amendment placing a duty objection? on all foreign frozen beef, veal, mutton, and lamb. which was There was no objection. defeated and knocked out by the opposition of the gentleman A..nd, Mr. Chairman, it is intei·esting to note that when it from Ohio [Mr. LoNGWORTH]. (P. 671, RECORD for Dec. 22. became necessary this morning to raise the point of no quo­ 1920.) rtml in order to call enough Members over to hear the gentle· I also offered from the floor an amendment placing a duty of man from Kansas [1\Ir. CA~IPBELL] present his special rule that 3 cents on hides, and it was defeated through the opposition of will pre\ent this bill from being regularly read under the the gentleman from Ohio [1\Ir. LONGWORTH]. (P. 671, RECORD 5-minute rule for amendment, as the Underwood tariff bill was for Dec. 22, 1920.) And hides are now on the free list in this read, and as all other legislative bills are read, no objection bill. And I want the country to know that before this bill was 1Yhateve1:· was made by the gentleman from Kansas to the point reported my colleague [Mr. WURZBACH] presented to the Ways of no quorum or to ihe call of the House. And immediately and Means Committee a petition signed by over 180 Congress­ after the roll 'vas called the second time on the final passage men, exclusive of members of the steering committee and of the of the rule, the gentleman from Ohio [1\Ir. LoNGWORTH] was Ways and :Means Committee, urging and beseeching that a duty recognized for one hour and a half, and when he arose, there be placed on hides in this bill, yet our masters on said committee, being less than 50 Members on the floor, the gentleman _from who live east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio Rivers,. Illinois [1\lr. :MADDEN] suggested the absence of a quorum in turned our petition down and placed hides on the free list. order to call in from the corridors sufficient :\!embers to hear And from the floor our colleague [Mr. HAYDEN] offered an his speech. amendment to place a duty upon short-staple cotton, but it was If you will examine the commodities placed on the fr~ list, defeated by the opposition of the gentleman from Ohio [lli. asserted by some to ha\e been placed there in behalf of our LoXGWORTH]. (P. 672, REOORD for Dec. 22, 1920.) And, )Jr. farmers, you will find either that they use on the farm no ChairiiUln, cotton is now on the free list in this bill. • such article manufactured abroad or that such article does As certified to rne by Hon. Thomas W. Page, chairman of the not compete with like articles in this country. United States Tariff Commission, there was imported into the But let me quote you just a few of the many very ordinary .United States from foreign countries during the fiscal year end­ / farm necessities, manufactured in this country by various mo· ing June 30, 1920, the following farm and ranch products abso­ nopoUes, that are placed upon the dutiable list, to the injury of lutely free of any duty, to wit: our farmers : Pounds. Bali.ng wire a.nd gah·anized wire fencing, one-half or 1 cent per CottQn------345,314,126 pound. Oil cake------145,026,632 Screen wil·e, 20, 30, and 40 per cent, according to mesh. Cottonseed oil------24,164,821 Cast-iron pipe, andirons, stove plates, etc., 10 per cent. Beef and veal______42,436,333 Horse shoes, six-tenths of 1 cent per pound. Mutton and lamb______16, 358, 299 'addlery and harness hardware, 35 per cent. CowlUdeS------439,461,092 Rnap fasteners and clasps, 40 per cent; if mounted, 45 per cent. Calf hides ------68, 359, 825 Xeedles, sewing, knitting, crocheting, $1.15 per thou and plus 25 Other bides------275,964,213 per cent au valorem. Coconut oil------269,226.966 Table, household, and kitchen utensils, 5 cents per pound plus 30 _Soya beau oil------195,77~,394 per cent nd valorem. Tin plates, 1.1 cents per pound .Ancl, l\Ir. Chairman, the Tariff Commission ftnther certified Grinclstones, $2 per tou. Faus, 40 per cent ad valorem. that during the four months of .July, August, September, and )latches, 6 cents per gross to 30 per cent n.d valorem. October, 19'20, there was imported into the United States from Dolls, 40 per cent ad v!llorem. foreign counhies absolutely free of duty the following products: Dominoes, 40 per cent ad valorem. Buttons, 1! per line pe1· gross to 38 per cent ad valorem. Pounds. Brooms, 15 per cent ad yalorem. Cotton------··---- 42,961,691 Toothbrushes, 35 per cent ad valorem. Cotton oil cake ______:... ______128,615.il71 Nails, staples, brads, etc., four-tenths to 2 cents per pound. Cottonseed oiL------579,172 Rivets, 2;) per cent ad valorem. VVool------~------44,435,246 Iron anvils. 1g cents per pound. Beef and veal______., ______19,456.!l61 Blacksmith's hammers, tongs, etc., 1~ cents per pound. }.Iutton and lamb------64,623, 7i6 Watch crystals, 40 per cent ad valorem. Cowhides------~------­ 80,023,347 Bolts, 1 cent per pound. Calf hides------10,782,-!91 • ·uts and washers, six-tenths of 1 cent_per pound. Other hides------33, 01~. 181} , {·rews, 3 to 10 cents per gross. Coconut oii------~------62, 40~. 486 Crosscut aws, 15 per cent ad valorem. So:ra-bean oil ______26,923,72.;) 3640 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 12

And, l\Ir. Chairman, before all of said amendments were usually favored also the idea of a strong centralized Federal offered on December 22, 1920, and defeated by the gentleman Government. Thus, from the adoption of the Con titution, the from Ohio [l\Ir. Lol\""GWORTH] . I called his attention, and the ideas of free trade and State rights were closely affilinted. attention of the House, to the above free imports, which were The Republican Party and its predecessor, the Whig Party, causing our farms to become depopulated, and yet such amend­ and even bef~Te that, those who" followed the theories advocated ments were rejected, and the items covered therein left on the by Henry Clay, have believed in, and practiced whenever· in free list. Does that indicate that our Republican brothers have power, the theory of protection of American industrie . This at heart the interests of the American producers? I would not has been, more than any other one thing, the keystone of the think so. . arch of the Republican doctrine. The CHAIRMAN. The· time of the gentleman has expired. During the same period the Democratic Party and its prede­ Mr. BL~~ON". Please give me a little more time. cessors universally adopted, followed, and practiced, whene-ver 1\Ir. GARNER. · I will yield the gentleman five minutes more, in power, the theories of a low tariff, for revenue only. There and I can not go any further. have been times when other subjects have temporarily ob­ l\Ir. BLANTON. All right. I am glad to have a chance to scured the fundamental difference of which I have spoken, such get all my speech in the RECORD, because there is some good · as the issue of slavery, n.nd in later days the question of free reading for our Republican brothers who will take the time to coinage of silver. However, always underlying the political read it. faith of the Republican and Democratic Parties, ha been this We have in the United States about 75,000,000 to 80,000,000 one difference in view as to the conduct of the economic affairs head o~ cattle, and we annually raise here less than 30,000,000 of our country. bead of calves, while South American countries, with only a I am a protectionist. In what study I have given to schedules little more than a third of our population, have from 80,000,000 and tariffs I have found tariffs framed along Republican lines to 85,000,000 head of cattle and annually raise approximately to be, in my judgment, best for the interests of the country. 35,000,000 P.ead of calves. However, I believe my inherent faith in the efficacy of a system Due to their tropical climate, . cheap and hnruriant grass, of protective tariffs is based largely on my reading of the his­ cheap labor, ample water, and· little feeding, ·our cost of pro­ tory of my country. I have observed that when my country was duction is about five times as great as theirs per pound. conducting its affairs with a protective-tariff system, properly 1\fr. Chairman, I challenge our Republican brothers, under protecting the industries, labor, and agriculture of the country, the above facts, to justify their act in placing hides on the the country prospered,. and ''"hen it departed from this course free list. I challenge them to justify and square their act in the country was in distress. This is a protective-tariff country. this respect with their platform and their speeches. · ,ve thrive best under that system. · If there were nothing el. e AD VALOREM DUTIES. upon which to ·base my faith, I would be content with the ex­ E"Very honest man, l\Ir. Chairman, will admit that, wherever ample of 130 years of national life. There have been 37 gen­ possible, the duties prescribed should be specific. They will eral tariff acts passed since the adoption of the Constitution. admit that wherever ad valorem duties are prescribed they are some of which were only of temporary significance, but several indefinite in their "Very nature, require expense to ascertain of which were of vast importance to u as a people and had au and collect them, and cause disagreements, fraud, and swindles. effect upon our national life almost beyond imagination. Let our Republican brothers, if they can, explain to the coun­ The first tariff act went into effect July 4, 1789, and was trY ,vhy they have prescribed so few specific duties in this bill, framed along protectiYe lines, as has been heretofore stated in· a~d why, in most instances, they have prescribed uncertain ad this debate. Under this act the country prospered. Afterwards, valorem duties. In order that they may not successfully deny from 1812 to 1816, additional acts were adopted, framed along that they did this, I will call the attention of the country to the same general lines, and as a result of which wise legislation the fact that in schedules 1, 2, and 3 the following are the only the new States were enabled to defray the entire expen e of the paragraphs that prescribe specific duties only, to wit: Para­ war with England, and in the end remain with a full Treasun· graphs 4, 7, 11, 13, 15, 23, 29, 35, 41, 43, 46, 60, 64, 65, 71, 73, 74, and undiminished credit. . In 1816 the Congress, again t the acl­ 76, 80,81, 83, 87, 88, 89,204,205,207,220,221,222,223,236,301, vice of some of its best leaders, enacted a low-tariff mea ure. 303, 310, 314, 315, 317, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 333, 335, 338, 351, The effects of this act were almost immediate and produced the 362, 374, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381, 383, 386, 388, 389, 390, and 391. utmost misery and financial disorder. Now in connection with the above compare the numerous From 181G until the time of the passage of the Clay Tariff Act paragr~phs in these three schedules that prescribe uncertain ad of 1824 the condition of the country was extremely l>ad. In valorem duties. 1824, under the leade1~ship of 1\Ir. Clay, the greatest protectionist But l\lr. Chairman, our Republican brothers haYe trebly in­ in the history of the country, a tariff act was enacted, an act creas~d the burdens upon the masses by adopting the American which was so badly needed that it had the support of most of valuation system as it places a premium upon the creation of the prominent Democrats, such a.s James Buchanan, Martin Van unlimited new ~onopolies. Trust magnates will , realize that Buren, and others who at that time were Members of the House. as they corner and control any market ·they will at the s1;1me Immediately after the passage of the Clay high tariff of 1824 time increase in like proportion the duty that shall be collected the country began to prosper. This condition is nowhere better • upon all competitive articles from foreign cou~tries, and. t.hat described than in the remarks of Mr. Clay in the Senate on Feb­ by creating monopolies they can stop all foreign competitiOn. ruary 2, 1832, in which he says: l\lr. Chairman, I can not vote for this bill.· I can not support If I were to select any term of seven years since the adoption of our a bill that places in one pocket of our American laborers and present Constitution which exhibited a scene of the most undisputed dis­ producers 10 cents, while at the same time it takes out of his may and desolation it would be exactly that term of seven years which immediately preceded the establishment of the tariff of 182-1. * ~ * other pocket $10. I agree with my Republican colleague from If the term of seven years were to be selected of the greatest prosperity Wisconsin [l\lr. FREAR] that this bill is "fundamentally inde­ which the people have enjoyed it would be exactly that period of even fensible." I take this action voluntarily, for under m3~ plat­ years which immediately followed the passage of the ta.ri.II of 1824. form pledges and my preelection promises to my people my Prosperous conditions continued in the country until 1833, party has not bound me by any party caucus, but permits me when, yielding to the insistence of the low-tariff element in Con­ to vote as my conscience dictates. And my conscience tells me gress, an act was passed, commonly designated as the " Clay that this bill is against the best interests-of the masses. compromise tariff of 1833," and which provided for a gradual Mr. FORDNEY. 1\lr. Chairman, I yield 25 minutes to the reduction of the duties theretofore imposed on import . The gentleman from illinois [l\Ir. GRAHAM]. [Applause.] conditions produced by this tariff are aptly described by William l\lr. GRAHAl\I of Illinois. The two great parties meet in McKinley in his essay on " The tariff " : battle to-day, a battle that is ·part of a conflict that has con­ Within five years a panic swept over the country that almo t beggars tinued since the adoption of the Constitution. Always there description for its severity and distress. Not only were manufacturers haYe been two schools of political thought among us-one teach: prostrated, but commerce, navigation, mining, and especially agricul­ ture, shared in the general ruin. The scenes Clay and Benton hau so ing that it was fully within our Federal powers to impose vividly portrayed in 1824 were repeated, only as development h:lll in­ duties on imports from foreign countries, not only for revenue creased the losses now appeared still more frightful. Mortgages were for governmental purposes but also for the creation, mainte­ foreclosed and forced sales made in every direction; thousands of able­ bodied men were out of work or toiling at not more than 25 cents per nance, and upbuilding. of American industries. The other teach­ day, while other thousands, unable to obtain employment at any pnce, ing was that the Federal GoYernment had no constitutional with their wives and children wa·e obliged to appeal for chanty and power to do anything but raise revenue and that any special rely upon the free soup houses. which were established in every city, for protection giYen any class of industry or business was uncon­ the only food they could procure. stitutional and vicious. Those who fa yored the latter theory From that time until 1842 the political complexion of tlle were usually those who were adherents to the doctrine that counh·y was such that it was impossible to change thi tariff the Union was only a league of soYereign States for pm·p9ses system, but President Tyler was, in the latter year, induced to of mutual protection, while the followers of the fir~t doctrine sign an act providing for protective duties on imports. This law 1921. CON'GR.ESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. -3641

acted sati. fac-torily and immediately produced an aTieviation of advocating the low-tariff policy, k""Tiowing aH the time what conditions in the country. However, in 1846 the House, being misery will happen tf:o the country if it is adopted, and yet vote Democratic in both branches, under the Presidency of Mr. Polk, for it.. I .am irresi~tibly remmded of the instance of the village repealed -what was 'called "' The odious Whig law ~ · and enacted drunkard who w.as seeii o()n the road one day by orie of hiS . a law called tlle "Walker tariff," which was in fOl'Ce, un~ acquaintances. Hi~ acquaintance said, ''John, where- are you amendeu, for 11 years: going:?"'' He said, "'I am going to town to get drunk, ·and God, During the time this act was in foJ.lce the .Mexican W.ar oc- hoW I dren.d it." Ther-e at1e some things that pass my compre­ curred; a terrible famine ocourred in Ireland; ·gold was -discov- . hension. I do not understand what method 'of reasoning my ered in California; and the 1Crimean W.ar took place. These :friends of 'the :minority follow. Some diStinguished individual kept the country immune from the effects usually consequent xeceutly, who did net like the noted Chautauquan and lecturer upon a free-trade or low-tariff poJicy. However, after the con- · on the "Prince -o.f Peace," ·suggested that one ef the qnestions elusion of the Crimean War and before tile passage of the Repub- that ought to be put t-o the prospective postmast-ers in the ci-vil­ lican tariff act of 1861, the greatest financial depression existed service examinations rmder rthe >present ~egime ought to ·be, m the country, and the great panic of 1857 occurred. "When was William Jennings· Bryan bon1, ana why?" Let me The Morrill Act of 1861 and other Civil War tariff aots were add another equally pertinent question, " w .hat is a ta:riff for in force until the passage of the McKinley Act in 1890. iU is r_e-v.enne only., and why? " l have heard it talked of for years unneces ary to recount the prosperity of the country during that and discussed on a thousand platforms and never yet have I one of the greatest periods in American history. 'This prosper- b.eard anybo.dy tell just what it is. Our Democratic friends ous condition continued until, in 1.894., 'both Houses being !Demo- deny that they ar.e free traders, but insist that they fa-\"or a catlc and a Democrat, Mr. 'Cleveland, in the Chief Executive tariff f-or .:revenue ·only. . office, the so-called Wilson Act of 1894 was enacted. The There is no .difference, in eff'eet, between a state of free n·ade memory of the years from 1894 to 1897 is fresh in the mind. The aond "3. condition ·o.f insu.fficient tariff to protect the industries -of number of -soup houses and Ooxeyts armies and misery and de- the oountry. It has boon stated, and will be -stated in the next pression of our country constitute one of the sorriest chapters in campaign, that we have had 'prosperity to a marked deg-nee our hi~tory, and a picture that we would quickly forget if we nnder the Wilson .administration. Our prosperity ·during this could. The low-tariff policy of the Democratic Party was again period was a plant whose seed was germinated in the atmos­ having its accustomed eff-ects, as it has ever-y time it has had -an phere of .-envy and malice and greed .nnd ambition of the nations opportunity "for use in tllis country. of Eyrope .and burst its caveriB.g at the crime of Saraje"Vo. It The situation was relieved by the passage of iJhe Dingley bill -sprang into lUX'uria:nt l.ife as millions .of men were called ·:ty in 1897, an act which brought great prosperity to the country King and Emperor into the thousand miles of battle lines of and which was .continued by the Payne ..Act of 1-909, a.n -act wb.ich Europe .and Asia. The winds that swept ncros the earth .and has been much maligned and misunde:rstood but wbieh was, seas and carried the cries af drowning innocents, the stench of nevertheless, one of the best tariff .acts ever pa sed by the Con- Totting battle fields, the roar Of guns 1.mnumbered, brought 1t gress. vigo-r and strength. It was fertilized by billions of our treasure. When the Underwood tariff act of 1.913 was -pa-ssed it wa.s . It was watered by the bloo:d of hundreds 1of !thousands of our framed along genuine tariff-for-revenue-only lines, and reduced noble sons, and llow it -stands withered .and dead, bearing thic'k the import duties on practically evecything we produced in the . upon it the thorny eeds of :greed and rapaclty and shattered country, either in the way of agricultural products or manufac- morale and debt and discontent. Pray God we may have no tured articles. If -a full and complete opportunity far the more of such prosperity! [.A.ppla.use on the Republican side.] presentation of its effeets had been presented, the same ccondi- But the oontention is made that these are things of the pa t tions would have existed that existed in the country iflmm 1.894 and that :present eohditions are such that we can not :properly to 1897. !IDveryone who has considered the matter and who stops apply the rules .and experience ef the past. In what respect to think eon-cedes that after ithe passa:ge of the Underwood Ad have they changed? It is -said that ~s a result of the World and up until August, 1914, when the great European war broke War we ru·e not exposed to the imminence of foreign cornpeti­ out, the prosperity of the country was rapidlY declining .and tion, and that therefore -inasmuch a~ 'other countries must build we were drifting toward the rocks. Unemployment was general up their own count.nies .and ocoupy them elves with rehabilita­ and distress was life in the country. tion we are in n~ danger from them. This is -a pure fallacy. In my own district I sa.w thousands of men out of employment Never were we in great-er danger than now. It must be remem­ and walking the streets who had rbeen theretofore ·employed .at bered that the factories of France and Germany -and Great remunerative wages in manufacluring institutions. The -same 'Britain .and Belgium are ready for the most intense activity. condition was prevalent tlmoughout the country. Imports were We pride oursel'\·es and lay the flattering unction to our souls flooding in to us frem across the seas, taking the place of the that -our worlmlen a:re more efficient than those in other coun­ manufacturecl articles which heretofore ·o11r higher ~a.laried tries. l ha-ve observed some of the workmen in the shops in American workmen had been making. We had e:xcha:nged our other countries. I have talked with others who have n.n inti­ prosperity for a prosperity which existed in the manufacturing mate knowledge of the ~bject, and I am ;ready to state to the towns of England, France, ·and Germany, a 1·esult that llas al- House that in my judgment we -snould at once disabuse our ways follow-ed any departure from a protective-tariff ss-stem in minds of the theory that because of the 'lU)erior effici~ncy of this country. the American workmen we can thereby compete with the .for- The outbreak of the Eumpean war created a practical em- -eign workmen ev-en at the superior American wage. There are, bargo on the 'manufacturing industries of Europe. War orders in my judole of the United States had liberal oemploy- output in vast quantities. Especially is this true of Germany, ment at liberal wages and the industries were .all in motion. absolutely untouched by tbe w.m· in a manufacturing sense. ~~ ow, the war is over., and we are faeed with the old, old What folly it is .for us to hide our heads in the sand and im.ag~ pt·oblems---'Workingmen are unemployed, business is stagnan"t, ine we are hid. There never was a time when the nations of manufactnring is at an end, the country suffers. We say ii.t Europe had a greater inoentive to manufacture. and produce is an after-the-war effect. It is in my ju.dgment si.m,ply the than now. inevitable ancl necessary result of two things: First, the·natur.al They mu t produce to rebuild their countries. The more relapse after the abnormal activity of the war a;>erio.d; .and, debt they have the .greater is thcir need for production, and if second, the fact that we are a.t })resent exposed to the in.:fluence we comfort ourselves with the idea that a moderate truiff will of 'Products from other countri-es without adequate pretectwn keep their productions out let me call to your attention that the to our indu tries and labor, and ·without such ,protection busi- nece sity exists for them to sel-l. It matters not what the tariff ll(:>S . can not and will not be·r.esumeu. j ' and the higher tbe tariff the cheaper they must work and I ha'\'6 oftentimes ndtei:l .the Democratic attitude about the . prod11ce. The debts of these conntries must be paid, arnd there ta 'iff question With won.tle-r. l: ·do not believe the av~age is but ·one way to do it, and that is by production and immense Democrat believes ijn free ttrac e, 01·, Ito vput .it in a Democratic production. The nations of Europe know this; they are ready wa;r, ·tm:iff fo.t re< en'tle ·on'ly. I am "SatiSfied they are coutin'nally to take a-d\antage (:}f ev-ery situation in this or any other lH1Pefttl t"ha.:t eprihlican 'Pl'dteC:tion lrui.Y ·eXigi;, and :yet -such lis market, ·and unless we l<~ok well to our ma:rkets they will be the tn ue · ce . oc J1er. aity .ana indoctrinated theor.ies that I :have speedily absorbea ·by the competing nations. [s it imagined they seen ·my D mocratlc a---retlwe-n '!W the :pons i11ne aft-er time Will be careful <0f our int-e1

not a nation in Europe but will take advantage of our economic weakness in any way it can, and when it does so it will be en­ Payne Underwood .Fordney tirely justified in so doing and we can find no just cause for (Republican). (Democrat). (Republican). complaint at it so doing. But this is a privilege also which we ha•e ow·sel•es and which, if we are wise, we will utilize. Cream ...... 5centspergallon .. Free ...... 5 cents to 10 cents per gallon. The same argument was made at the close of the Crimean Eggs ...... _.... _.... 5 cents per dozen ...•.•.do ...... _.. 6 cents per dozen. War, a war bebveen England, France, and Russia, three of the Broom corn ...... $3 per ton ...... •...do ...... S2 per ton. leading powers of Europe and the world. The utmost confusion Buckwheat...... 15 cents per bushel...... do ...... 30 cents per 100 pounds. existed in the industrial circles of Europe during the period Flax .. -...... S5 to S67.20 per ton ...... do ...... •...... $2 to $tO per ton. of the Crimean War, about two and a half years, and during Hemp ...... $22.50 to $45 per ..... do ...... $17.50 to $30 per that period the greatest prosperity was enjoyed by Amelican ton. ton. Lard...... 1! cents per pound .. _... do ...... 1 cent per pound. industries of all kinds. Mr. McKinley, in describing this situa­ Potatoes ...... 25centsperbusbeL .....do ...... 42 cents per 10) tion in his Essay on the Tariff, heretofore mentioned, makes pounds. the following statement: Potatoes, dried...... 40 per cent ...... do ...... 3~ cents per pound. Rye...... 10 cents pe~; bushel...... do ...... 10 cents per bushel. But when peace came to Europe manufacturing was resumed in Eng­ Reduced duties by land and France with greater energy and with more alluring prospects Democratic act of for tra de in America than had ever before been known.- 1913: '.rhen, naturally and inevitably, with our vastly increased importa­ Horses...... $30 to 25 per cent.. 10 per cent...... S30 to 20 per cent. tions and consequent dependence upon foreign factories, our whole Mules ...... do ...... do ...... Do. business situation was swiftly changed from apparent prosperity to Barley...... 20 cents per busheL 15 cents per bushel. 15 cants per bushel. actual distress. The tariff for revenue only policy rested at length Oats ...... 15centsper busheL 6 cents per bushel. 10 cents per bushel solely upon its own merits. We were as a nation pursuing the haz­ Butter ...... 6 cents per pound. 2;cents per pound. 8 cents per pound. ardous experiment of spending abroad the money we should ha>e kept Beans...... 45 cents per bushel. 25 cents per bushel. ! cent to 2 cents per at home. The gold of California, the largest product of that precious pound. metal so far discovered in any country, was speedily drained by Europe. Beets ...... 10percentto25per 5 per cent ...... 80 cents per ton . Within a year after the close of the Crimean War this country was dis­ cent. tres ed and humiliated by the only financial panic it bad experienced Hay...... S4 per ton...... S2 per ton·...... S4 per ton. for 20 years. since the adoption of a somewhat similar tariff policy to Poultry ...... 3 cents to 5 cents 1 cent per pound .. 2 cents per pound. that it was then pursuing, per pound. I can not help but allude in these remarks to the present deplorable condition of American agriculture. The farmers of How are you, in view of this treatment of the agricultural tne country to-day are operating their business at a constant interests of the country, going to go to your people and defend loss. I do not suppose there is a carload of cattle or hogs yourselves? being sold to-day that produces a profit to its owner. Farm Mr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield right there? crop are selling at low prices, and the agricultural industry Mr. GRAHAM of Illinois. Y.es. of the country is hard hit. This is generally appreciated by Mr. BLANTON. I will tell you how. By telling them that all of us. We have heretofore, by the enactment of a tempo­ you fellows fooled them by not putting hides, and cottonseed rary protecti•e tariff, attempted to stay the depression in farm cake, and •arious other items in which they are interested in prices, and have, in my judgment, accomplished a great deal this bill. in that way. However, some permanent protection on a sci­ Mr. GRAHAM of Illinois. Is the gentleman going to vote for entific basis must be given the agricultural industry of the a tariff on those? country. It is our basic industry, without which we can not Mr. BLANTON. I am, but I am not going to vote for the exist. I trust the time will not soon come when agriculture balance of the bill, because it is fundamentally indefen ible. will become a secondary interest in our country. What is the l\fr. GRAHA.l\1 of illinois. Here are· 28 articles mentioned Pl'<'SCilt condition of the farming industry so far as our for­ that are raised on the farm that the Fordney tariff ha put eign-trade policy is concerned? The answer is obYious-the back where the Payne tariff put them. This bill proYides pro­ bars are down. The Underwood Tariff Act practically free listed tection on them, so that the farmers Of the country can have every product of ·the northern -and western farmers. I ha\e what they ought to have, some protection from the influx of here a rough chart showing the tariff rates al) fixed by the these things from other countries. They will be ruined if Payne, Underwood, and Fordney tariffs, and which I shall something is not done for them. extend in my remarks. It demonstrates very fully that the No man with any conscience or any regard for the agri­ markets of our country are open to the- inflow of agricultural cultural interests of this country can oppose this bill in view products from every part of the world, and that unless protec­ of the present condition of affairs in agriculture alone. tion is speedily given farm prices will not impro\e. Any man Now, I just want to call your attention to one thing more. who knows anything about the farming industry in this coun­ I have a lot of material here, but I am afraid I have not the try knows that if present prices continue it will have the time in which to deliver it. But I do want to call your par­ immediate effect of greatly decreasing the production of the ticular attention to just one thing or two. farms of the country. Already the herds of the country are Although we have, only within a month' time, declared peace being greatly decreased in numbers. The immediate effect of with Germany, the reports of the Department of Commerce this is increased prices for the meats and manufactured prod­ show that during the first four months of this calendar year the uct because of the scarcity. Instead of benefiting all the imports of wheat, flour, automobiles, cement, coal-tar products. country, we find inevitably we have fastened upon oursel•es dses, medicinal preparations, cotton cloth, tapestrie , wearing more fully and completely high prices for e~ery food product apparel, earthenware, crockery, linen, embroideries, glassware, that we buy. Common prudence and the most casual . thought optical glass, cutlery, textile machinery, gloves, prepared meats, on the subject would indicate that in order to encourage pro­ butter, cheese, mus-ical instruments, perfumeries, moving-picture duction of agricultural products, to lead to healthy competition films, reeds, baskets, wool, tops and toys were greatly in­ and to reasonable prices in the production, we must enact suit­ creased from the amounts imported in 1920. able tariff legislation and protect the agricultural industry of But.it has been s,aid with great vigor by the gentleman from the country. This our Democratic friends will not do; this Texas [l\fr. GAR "ER] that unle s we buy from the people of they refuse to do when they vote against this bill. Europe we can not sell them our goods. The same argument The Fordney tariff schedule gives somewhat equi'mlent rates has been made in this H ouse on repeated occasions. I recom­ to the Payne Act-in some cases lower, in a few isolated mend to the House to read again the address of Henry Clay instance higher, but averaging about the same. The wisdom delivered in the House of Representati•es on' the 30th and 31 t of this course is obvious to any thinking person. days of March, 1824, and especially that portion of his remarka in which he calls attention to thi same argument made at that Payne Underwood Fordney time: (Republican). (Democrat). (Republi6an). The argument is that. Europe will not buy of us if we do not buy of her. The first objection t o it is that it call n(J()n us to look to the question and to take care of European ability in legislating for Ameri· Wheat ...... 25 per cent...... Free ...... 25 per cent . can interests. Now, it in legislating for their interests they woulrl 15 cents per bushel...... do ...... 15 cents per bushel. consider and provide for our ability, the principle of reciprocity. woulu ~~~~~ ·~: ~ :~:: ::::::::: $1.50 per head ...... do ...... ! cent per pound. enjoin us so to regulate om· intercourse with them as to leave their Cattle: ...... $2 per bead to 27! .....do ...... 1 cent to 1 ~ cents ability unimpaired. But I have shown that in the adoption of their per cent. per pound. own policy their inquiry is strictly limited to a consideration of their Sheep ...... 75 cents per head .....do ...... 1 cent per pound. pecu1.iar interests, without any regard to that of ours. The next re­ to . 1.50 per head. mark I would make is that the bill only operates upon certain ar­ Wools ...... 3 cents to 3S cents .....do ...... 6 cents to 26 cents ticles of· European industry which it is supposed our interest re­ per pound. per pound. quit·es us to manufacture within ourselves ; and although its elfect Meats ...... 1)centsperpound .....do ...... 15percent. ""ill be to diminish the amount of our imports of those articles, it to 25 per cent. leaves them f1·ee to supply us with any other produce of their industry. Mille...... ••• •.....••• 2 cents peuallon.. . _... do...... • . • • • • 1 cent .Per gallon. And since the circle of human comforts, refinements, a!ld luxuries is 1921. CONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. 3643

of !!rent extent. Europe will still find herself able to purchase from us estimated $75,311,000,000, and of this commerce the total im­ what she bas hitherto done and to discharge the debt in some of those po_rts of the United States were a little over $5,000,000,000 and objects. * • • its exports something over $8,000,000,000. The rest of the com­ Tlle CHA.IRl\IAN. The time of the gentleman from Illinois merce was between other nations. By the same authority the has E>xpired. wealth of the world in 1919 was $603,421,471,000, while the l\Ir. GRAHAM of Illinois. May I have a little more time to wealth of the Unite(} States was estimated at $204,390,000,000, finish this? . about one-third of the whole. Have gentlemen also overlooked ML'. FORDNEY. I yield to the gentleman five minutes. the produce of gold 1:>y the various countries? In 1917, the year The CHAIRlllAK. The gentleman from Illinois is recognized when the last statistics were available, there were about for fiYe minutes more. $425,000,000 worth of gold produced in the world, of which Mr. GR£~HAl\1 of Illinois. Says l\!r. Clay: the United States produced only $85,000,000. During the same There can be but little doubt but that she now resorts to us, because period about $212,000,000 worth of silver was produced, of we can supply her cheaper and better than any other country. And which we produced about one-third. will therefore be im­ it would be unreasonable to suppose that she would cease, from any It pique toward us, to pursue her own interests. Suppose she was to mediately seen that however excessive the proportion our sharn decline purchusing from us: The consequence would be that she would of the gold of the world may be, there are vast and di>ersified lose. the market for the £20,000,000, wpich she now sells other for­ ways and means by which the other nations of the world can eign powers, or enter it under a disadvantageous competition with us or with other nations, who should obtain their supplies of the raw exist, carry on their commerce, and provide themselves with material from us. financial means. The argument of l\lr. Clay is unanswerable and expresses in We must not live with the fond idea that here, embraced conci e language the views which I think we all must adopt, within our domain, is all there is of this mighty world. While namely, that the European nations will trade with us only to we are rich and a creditor nation, we must not forget that such the limited extent they are obliged to trade; that everything things are transitory and that in the whole circle of human will be done by them to their own advantage, and that it is activities we occupy but a small arc. . certain that, ho\vever much the proposed tariff may affect cer­ It is said we must either buy from the nations of the world tain articles, the nations of Europe can readily · find a market or lose our debt. If I were confronted with the choice of either with us for such supplies as we may. need and which are not of these propositions, I would think it advisable to forego our among those we find oursel>es required to protect. debt. It would be vastly better to relinquish the $10,000,000,000 l\fr. GARNER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield which the nations of Europe owe us than to give away and im­ there? poverish our own balance. Mr. GRAHA.l\1 of Illinois. Yes. If a man with his family of children, living upon a farm, fi:nds l\fl'. GARNER. It is not a question of what she desires to he can raise his own products, give employment to his children, purchase, but what she is able to purchase. Can she buy unless and those about him, so that they may purchase the necessitie~ she sells? and luxuries which they require, and if during a time of need l\!r. GRAHAM of Illinois. Will you give me time to answer he loans from his surplus to his neighbor who is in distress a that? portion of his funds, would it be said by any thoughtful person l\1r. GARNER. Time can be yielded through the gentlemnn that thereafter, in order that his debt might be paid, he should from Michi&an [l\lr. FoRD::'\EY]. permit his neighbor to raise and supply to him the products l\Ir. GRAHAl\1 of Illinois. Will you yield to me sufficient which he formerly t1ad produced, letting his land lie fallow and time to answer that? If you '\'.·ill, I will answer ft. But before his children unemployed? What advantage would this be to you do that I want to call your attention now, in view of the him? It would be better that his children and those dependent fact that I may not get to it otherwise, to what Samuel J. Ran­ upon him had useful employment and were able to purchase the dall, a good Democrat, whose picture hangs out here in the Hall, things they needed, rather than to suffer for the necessities of said in this House in the last debate on the tariff in which he life in order that he might replenish his funds . appeared, and I commend it to you, my Democratic brethren : . But I do not believe this will result in a failure to pay the " If the farmer ceases to buy the product of the manufac­ debt. The debt will be paid. The resources, ingenuity, and turN·s, he will certainly cease to sell to them, but must sell his efficiency of the European nations are amply sufficient in times products in the market where he buys what he consumes him­ of peace to repay us fully for our expenditures, and this will be self. Suppose last year we had manufactured a thousand mil­ done, I have no doubt. We will be put to it, in my judgment. lion ' worth less than we did and had gone abroad for these to hold our own in the competitive struggle that will be "·aged prouncts, expecting to pay for them with agricultural products, in this world in the next few years for trade and commerce. could a thousand millions more of agricnltural products have Objection is made to this act on the ground that it provides . been sold abroad at the price which products brought here? for an .American valuation. Those who favor a low-tariff We sold all the wheat and corn and meat products that Europe system have uniformly contended for ad valorem duties, while could take at the price that prevailed. Who can tell at what we who favor a protective-tariff system have insisted that the prices Europe would ha\e taken five hundred millions or even duties should be specific so far as is possible to make them. one hundred millions more of our agricultural products than Ad valorem duties fixed by the importer are almost universally she did take? The mere statement of the proposition is ~nough lower than the rate was intended to be, because the Govern­ to di close the error on which it is founded and shows the im­ ment must depend to a considerable degree upon the word of portance of uniting manufactures with agriculture, or, as Jef­ the importer. By the American valuation this value is fix:ed ferson states it. 'putting the manufacturer by the side of the according to our own standards, and hence will ·be easy of ascer­ farmer.' In fact, both must in our country depend almost ex­ tainment and in all cases approximate the rate Congre s is clusively on the home market. It is folly, if not a crime, to attempting to fix. attempt to change it in these respect·. It would bring ruin and The same question was up in the Congress in 1842, and in this bankruptc~ without the possibility of haYing such a result ac­ debate, Mr. Clay, referring to ad. valorem duties, said : " Let complished. The greater the di>ersity of industries in any me fi:s: the value of foreign merchandise and I tlo not care country the greater the wealth-producing power of the people what your duty is." and the more there is for labor and capital to di>ide and the Recently the attempt has been made to fasten upon us a more independent the country becomes." so-called League of Nations, or a kind of supergovernment. It must be obyious to any person that our first care should The natural coefficient of such a League of Nations was abso­ be to preserve our home market. It is the best market in the lute free trade. The League of Nations conceived by Wooclrow world, and for us to giye it up to others aml then go seeking Wilson would have been ineffectual and unworkable \Vithout about the world, hawking our merchandise, would be the free trade, in a commercial way, between the nations. I am height of folly ·and a course that would inevitably bring ruin convinced, in my own mind, this was the concept of l\lr. and disaster upon tlS. Wilson, and that had the people of the country and the Senate _It is said the nations of the world J;la\e no money to buy of the United States been willing to adopt and ratify the League wtth, and that therefore th~y must give us their produce in of Nations, free trade would have inevitably followed. Tile ·exchange or they can not buy from us. This also is a fallacy people, at the polls, by an enormous plurality, rejected the and an ftbsurdity. Do gentlemen contend that all the wealth League of Nations; and so now should we, the RepresentatiYes in the world is contained within the United. States? Is it of the people, reject the illea of free tracJe and see to it that it contended seriously that the great Empire of Great Britain is is our first duty to presene to the American people-our Amer­ absolutely dependent upon us for eYery cent it may ha>e? What ican markets. of the commerce and wealth of the rest of tne world? -Gentle­ An attempt is made to frighten us by a scarecrow, a straw men \Yho nr~rne along this line llaYe not sufficiently informed man, that is set up here. It is no argument at all, because it is thelll. elns. Tl1c entire commerce of the world in 1919 ac­ not based upon the facts. cording to the l'E'port:~ of the Department of Commerce,' was 1\Ir. WINGO. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? 3644 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD- HOUSE. JULY 12 ~

l\Ir. GRARA.U of Illinois. Yes. the true sense of the word. I believe that real preparedness is Mr. WIKGO. Will the gentleman name any other nation than that kind of prep.aredness which is not only good in time of war the United States, with possibly one exception, that is able to but is good in time of peace. I believe that preparedness does maintain a gold reserve at all? Is England able to maintain a not necessarily mean the building of a great Navy, even though gold reserve? finally we have the largest Navy on earth. If we were to build Mr. GRAHAM of Illinois. Oh, the gentleman is asking about the largest Navy in the world aucl be the mistress of the seas, a proposition that in my judgment does not affect the proposi­ after the United States had paid th€ expenses of such program: tion I am discussing at all. Th-e gentleman is not taking into she would be weaker than when she first began. By prepared­ account the latent wealth of the nations, the commerce of the ness I do not m-ean universal military training, neither do I nations, the fact that not all the gold is here. We are a creditor mean the building and maintainiEg of a large Army. I believe nation, it is true, and we have more than our proportion, but that real preparedness is to reduce the Army to the minimum, that does not alter the situation. so that the money ordinarily spent for the maintenance of the Mr. 'WINGO. What proportion of free gold have we confined large Army will be saved so that the Nation will become in our Federal reserve banks? stronger. We need a disarmament program and the reduction Mr. GRAHAM of Illinois. I have not informed myself as to of expenses in every way possible. that, but that is immaterial in this discussion. If we build a large Army we "\veaken our Nation. Wars are l\fr. WINGO. I thought that you had just informed the House not won by a large standing army. The last war was not won that we had a very small supply. by the soldiers already in the Army, neither was it won by, Mr. GRAHAM of Illinois. I did not say anything of the Army officers, but the last war was won by the bors who to-day kind. If the gentleman from Arkansas can not understand the are out on the farm tilling the soil and trring to make a living English language, I can not supply understanding for him. for themselves and for their loved ones. Mr. WINGO. Possibly I can not understand the English lan­ A few months ago the call went out that the United States guage, but at all events I confess I can not understand the was being drawn into the mighty conflict, the World War, and English in which the gentleman attempts to discuss the question in a little while the boys joined the colors. They came from of the gold supply. the farm, from the shop, and from the stores. They came from Mr. GRAHAM of Illinois. The gentleman from Arkansas is the prairies of the West, the cities of the North, and from like he usually is. He indulges in considerable sophistry at among the pine trees of the South, and almost O\"ernight it times, and this is one of the times. [Applause.] could b-e truly said, " Tramp, tramp, tramp, the boys are march­ The CHAIRM.Al'{. The time of the gentleman from Illinois ing." They went, they fought, they conquered, but they never has expired. all came back, for some made the supreme sacrifice. Some came Mr. FORD~TEY . I yield three minutes to the gentleman from back halt and lame and blind and crippled for life. Millions of :1\lichigan [Mr. KETCHAM]. these boys came back, thank God, only slightly injured or with i\1r. 'KETCHAM. Mr. Chairman and members of the commit­ 'their full faculties and their full strength. These boys came tee, during the course of the debate of the last three days con­ back and went to the farm \Tithout a murmur after having siderable has been said by minority Members that might cause won the greatest war the world ever saw. These boys are to-day some who are new Members of the House to question the ad­ on the farm ·tilling the soil, trying to make a li>ing for their vantage that might come to our country in the matter of im­ loved ones. ports and exports under the Fordney bill. To clear up this There could be no greater preparedness to-day than to give matter I have looked up the record of 'the first 10 months of those boys on the farm a fair deal and a fair chance. 'Vhat experience under the Underwood law for the purpose of com­ are they to get by this legislation which we are about to pass? parison with the emergency tariff law, as to the effects of these The boys in my district and the South who went and fought respective measures on the matter of imports and exports. Of and who came back and who are tilling the soil to-day have re­ course, I am forced to admit that the first 10 months of the ceived practically nothing for the victory which they won, and Underwood law did not give it a chance to reach its full measure by this tariff bill there is to be placed a penalty on their efforts of perfect:i.on ( ?) but taking this fact into consideration, I pre­ to earn a living in the nature of a tariff on the potash in t11e sent the record, conscious of the fact that it would have been fertilizer that they ha>e to use. I submit that this is not a much more disadvantageous to the Unde11 wood law had not the fair deal to the soldiers who went across and fought and came war intervened to set aside its normal operations. I trust the back. Neither is it fair to the fathers, mothers, brothers, and Members will consider these comparative figures: sisters of these boys. From October 4, 1913, to August 4, 1914, the imports under Shall that farmer who ga\e his sons to die for yonder flag pay the Underwood law increased $101,977,779 or $10,197,777 pei.· that penalty to the potash magnates? Shall the returned soldier month, while during the same period our exports decreased who owns a little farm pay it? Shall that widow, whose only · $158,888,363 or $15,888,836 per month. son sleeps where the poppies grow in Flanders fields, pay that Consider now the emergency tariff bill. I read in to-day's cash assessment? Tell me, shall that wife, trying to support Washington Post the effect of that law upon imports and ex­ those little children with her little farm, pay money to app~ase ports for the month of June, the first full month the emergency the greed for gold of the immensely rich? tariff has been in operation. I commend this statement to the Mr. . CLARKE of New York. Will the gentleman yield for a attention of my friend from Texas [Mr. GARNER], who argued question? so eloquently for a foreign market. He will get such a market l\lr. LAl\"'KFORD. Certainly. under the proposed bill. Mr. CLARKE of New York. Did the gentleman \Ote for the Our exports in June, 1921, totaled $340,000,000 as against emergency tariff bill, which was in the interest of the farmers? $329,000~000 in May. Our imports for June amounted to $198,- i\1r. LANKFORD. Gentlemen, I voted fo.< the emergency 000,000 as against $204,000,00;0 in 1\Iay. Contrasting we find tariff bill. I voted for every phase of it. I voted for it every that under the one month's experience under the emergency time it came up, and I will tell you why I voted for it. It was tariff law our exports increased $11,000 ~000, while our imports because I wanted the time to come when the Congress of th-e decreased $6,000,000. United States would give more recognition to the men who till I submit that this is a pretty fair answer to the sugge~on the soil. I voted for it because I wanted to commit the Re­ that a Republican tariff policy is dangerous to the development publican Party, which is in power to-day, to a policy of legis­ of our foreign trade. The reverse is clearly shown by the fig­ lation for the man who plows. I voted for it because it gave ures, while at the same time our home market, by far the some protection to some of the articles grown and raised on more important, is secured and safeguarded. the farm. Some one says, " Oh, well, the Republicans were The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Michigan trying to get you committed." They never committed rue any has expired. more than I committed them. That reminds me of the story l\fr. GARNER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 30 · minutes to the df the southern soldier, whom the lamented Henry W. Grady. gentleman from Georgia [Mr. LANKFORD]. told about, who came back from the Qivil War. Some one i\fr. LL'l.NKFORD. Mr. Chairman, I am anxious for this Con­ asked him how he got along in the war. He replied: "'Vell, I gress to pass some laws of a constructive nature. I am anxious killed as many of them as they did of me." [Laughter.) I for this Congress to pass some laws that will really be benefi­ wanted the Republicans committed to a policy of voting for a cial to the Nation and to the people of the United States. Much tariff on articles grown by the farmers of my section and by has been said about preparedness. I know of no better pre­ the farmers of Georgia. For years and years the farmers of paredness than to give to the boys who came back from France my section have ~ot had a fair deal under the protective tariff goou, wholesome laws. law. You have passed your protective laws and you have pro­ .tt good revision of the tax sy tern, a good tariff law, and tected everything that the farmer down there bought and you goou laws to make tho ·e boys feel like they fought for a gr eat have given no protection whatever to the things which they Nation and for a great people would really be preparedness in sold. Some one says, "Oh, 1Yell, you can not fa>or a protec- 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3645

th·e policy on farm products unless you favor a protective tariff it; it does not appear to amount to anything; but directly the on ewrything." Let us see about that. I am opposed to the dam is gone and the water floods the valley below. protective tariff. I believe the policy of the protective tariff l\fr. BACHARACH. Will the gentleman yield? is wrong, but I believe this, that whenever you put a protective l\fr. LANKFORD. Not ju t now. Let me complete this line tariff on e,·er3·thing that the farmer buys, when you put a of thought, then I will yield. Did you eYer see a man losing tariff on the cooking utensils of his wife, and a protecti've tariff a penny here and a penny there, and a few cents here and a on even his fishhooks, then I tell you that that protective tariff dollar there? It is so small it is not noticed, but directly he on eYerything he buys is less hurtful to him if you put a pro­ can not pay his taxes. The mortgage on his property is fore­ teeth-e tariff on something that he sells. When you run up closed and his home is gone. Thus it is with your protective the price of the things my farmers buy, I will be found trying tariff. to run up the price of the things they sell. [Applause on the l\fr. BACHARACH. Will the gentleman yield? Democratic side.] l\fr. LA1\TKFORD. With pleasure. . 1\Ir. CLARKE of 1'\ew York. Will the gentleman permit an 1\Ir. BACHARACH. Did the Underwood bill give the farmers additional inquiry? a fair deal? l\lr. LAJ\rr\:FORD. Yes. 1\Ir. LANKFORD. It was not a protective tariff bill and was 1\Ir. CLARKE of New York. I ask the gentleman to specifi­ not "designed to protect anybody, and therefore did not hurt call3- point out a thing raised on the farm in his district that has the farmer or help him. It was good for raising revenue, but not had a fair chance, that has not been protected. · it was not a high protectiYe tariff bill. l\lr. LA rKFORD. There has not been heretofore a protecttre 1\ir. BACHARACH. The gentleman stated we should vote for tariff on long- taple cotton; that is grown in my district. The certain things to protect the farmer, and he stated that he emergency tariff is the first bill to put a protective tariff on would vote for certain items in the bill. many things grown in my district, among them long-staple cot-· l\fr. LANKFORD. Yes, sir. 1\Ir. BACHARACH. He knows very ,~·en that he can not ton. The cultivation of this cotton was a great industry there, vote for certain items in the bill without voting for the whole but it is practically impossible now to grow the staple at a bill,· according to the rules adopted to-day? profit. l\fr. LANKFORD. When items fa,orable to the farmer come l\lr. BARBOUR. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? up in the Committee of the Whole House we will have a chance 1\Ir. LANKFORD. Yes. to vote for them. If I have an opportunity to put those things If l\lr. BARBOUR. we put a tariff on long-staple cotton in in, I will do so. ~ I can not vote for the bill as a whole. I will this bill, will the gentleman "\"'Ote for it? say further, in answer to the gentleman's question, that I have. 1\lr. LANKFORD. I can not Yote for the bill as it is drawn, discussed with many Members the proposition of a tarifi on but I shall "\"'Ote for a tariff on long-staple cotton and on farm long-staple cotton and on cowhides, and haYe been assured prnducts, every one, and I will go still further. If you will make that while these items are not now in the bill, that an oppor­ this tariff bill as.fair to the farmers of my district as it is to tunity will be given to \ote to put them on the protected list. Un people of other sections, I shall \Ote for the bill. [Applause I certainly hope they are finally included. nn the Democratic ide.] I have not hesitated to appea-r before the committee and to :\Jr. GE:KS~IAl~ . If the amendment contains the word " cot- see indi¥idual members of the committee and urge a tariff on tou," \Yill the gentleman vote for the amendment? . peanuts and peanut products, on cottonseed products, on lon~­ 1\Ir. LANKFORD. I \Vill if it is a tariff on cotton. I would staple cotton, on hides, and on every. product of my people. I like to have a tariff on long-staple cotton and on short-staple want this to offset, in part, the tariff on the things they buy. cotton. There is "Very little short-staple cotton shipped in, but 1\fany farm products are now included. I have been promised there is much sea-island or long-staple cotton shipped in. that more will be included. · ~Ir. FORDXEY. What haYe -we got to do in the \vay of an A tariff on short-staple cotton would not help, as no short­ amendment to this bill to make it as fair to the people of the staple cotton comes in. We ship short-staple cotton across the South as it is to the people of the Korth? seas. What we need is a market in other lands for our short­ 1\lr. LANKFORD. This is true of the tariff proposition. staple cotton. TL!e•·e are more things that my people buy on which you can put There is more reason for a protectiYe tariff on farm products a p.·vtective tariff that will injure my people than there are than for a protective tariff on manufactured articles, and I will thin~.~ that my people sell on which you can put a protective tell you why. When you put a protecti\e tariff on manufac­ tariff. It i impossible for you to draw a protective tariff bill tured articles you put a tariff which goes to some big corpo­ whi<·h will give the people of my district the same fair deal ration, made up probably of millionaires, and when you put a that other people get under a protective tariff. If you protect protective tariff on farm products you help little boys and girls only a few "l:nanufactured thing which my people buy and put and their fathers and mothers. You help the millions of people a tariff on· everything they sell, it might be made fair to them. who are engaged in that great enterprise. But ~-ou neYer do thi . For these reasons you can not give a When you put a- protective tariff on wool or a protective tariff fair deal by this bill. I belie\e, 1\Ir. Fo&DNEY, you are willing to on articles grown on the farm you do not protect a great corpo­ do it. I believe you are honest in your ideas on the tariff. ration; you do not protect a few millionaires who do not need it. l\lr, FORDNEY. . I am willing to give you a protective tariff but you protect the greut army of people that earn their bread \vhen proper on articles grown in your State. by the sweat of their braw by earnest work and by earnest l\1r. LANKFORD. I belieye· :rou haYe done in this bill for toil. the people of the eleyenth congressional district more than ever 1\Ir. Chairman, if we truly belie\e in preparedness, why not was done before in a Republican protective tariff bill. I say legislate for the farmer instead of against him? Why not legis­ that and I mean it.. [Applause on the Republican side.] I wish late for the returned soldier, not against him? We should help to thank you for it. Inasmuch as you haYe done that you have them carry their present burdens and not make it hea\ier. The reduced the injury to u . If I could write and pass a protective farmers of the South did their part in the Great ·war. Like tari1I bill I would write one so that for every dollar I took away Abraham of old, they put their sons, a li\ing sacrifice, on the I would give one back. EYery time I took a dollar from the altar of their country. Are those farmers and tho e sons new farmer I would gi 'e one back. E\ery time I took a dollar from to receive in return for their loyalty a tax on the. potash in the laboring man I would let one go back. Every time I took the fertilizer they use? Is this preparedness? Is this a fair one from any man, ·woman, or child in the United States, under deal? It means an extra burden of over $10,000,000 per year is a protective tariff bill, I would let a dollar go back. Then it would to be saddled on the farmers of the South. There has been no not be a protectiYe tariff. You can not protect one fellow with­ tariff on potash for over 30 years. I beg of you not to put it on out injuring the other man. I saw in the paper the other day now. where some one said that the Fordney tariff bill would protect The farmers of the South are suffering se...-erely from the the United States. Against whom will it protect the United present financial depre sion. They are passing through the States? You can not protect some citizens of the United States Geth em:me of tl1eir existence. I beg of you, now in power, to without injuring other citizens of the United States. You can not pre the cup of gall to their lips. Help them instead of not protect one without hurting the other fellow. hurting them. They haYe done their part at all times. They ·I know, gentlemen, this is true. Yet you say that the tariff deserve a pension instead of a penait~-. [Applause.] is so light that it does not hurt; you say that it h:; so . light it Is legislation like thi measure what we have to offer the amount to nothing. Did you ever pay 6 per cent interest? returned soldier? Instead of helt1ing him we are putting un­ It L very slight-only 6 cents on the l1ollat, or $6 on tiH." hun­ bearable burdens on him. dred, or $60 on the thou. and per year. So small you JlP\"el' I beard a Yoice proclaiming Down the Rolemn aisles of space, notice it, but it mounts up. Did you en~r .·ee \Yater triclding He who stt·ikes a starving brother, through a dam, drop after drop? There seems to be nothing_to Smites his :llaker in the f a ce. 3646 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 12,

No one in this House would willfully go out and steal from This bill was p1·esented. Each of these 10,000 items was ba.sw the poor and give it to the rich. Yet ofttime we do indirectly upon that evidence and measures the difference between t~ what we are npt willing to do directly. cost of production at home and abroad. If we could always see the effect of our Yotes we would be I listened to .several minority members of the committee; more careful when we act for or against a measure. hours of our time have been spent in listening to the gentle­ By this bill you will take hundreds of millions from the com­ man from Texas l1\lr. GARNER) and to the gentleman from mon people and give it to the rich. You would not do this if Arkansas [1\Ir. OLDFIELD], minority members of the committee. you could but see the awful effects of your acts. Neither of these men, nor a single member on the minority side, 1\fr. Chairman, my time will soon expire. I mu~--t say a few in this report that has been filed has been bold enough to a sert more words relative to tariff as it affects the people of my sec­ that one single item in all these 10,000 impo es duties upon tion. The people of the S unprecedente<.L Yet the minority say agreement about the method by which this bill was made. It is this is not the time to write a tariff bill, that this is not the agreed that early in January, 1921, the full Committee on Ways time to levy duties upon imports to equalize the ilifferences in and Means begru:r to gather the evidence and the facts upon the cost of production, so that unemployment mny disappear which to base this bill. They brought before the committee a and hunger and misery in the homes aml families of the un­ thousand witnesses, from all over the counti·y, who were sup­ employed may be removed. Wbo is it the mino:dty finhe eyes of the mothers workman to deal with his own market. They say, quoting again and widow of the men who died for you and me--mi.;.ery .and from the minority report : wretcbednes all about u , di tres and tmemployment eYers­ The whole world is up Ide down. Partisan politics strangled the one where. What i the remedy proposed by the minority'! Is it opportunity the world had to settle down into the harness and repair a charge that in tlti bill ive duties are propo ed? Do the unprecedented destruction and loss of the greatest disaster that exces ever cursed the whole of mankind. We won the war, but we lost the they point out any fact to show such is the case? No; they peace, and we not only lost it for oprsel>es but we lost it for the are unable to name one single instance after six month of ex­ world ; lost it for ourselves, for our allies, for our associates, and lost amination of the evidence it took two months to gather. it for our enemies, for even they have not been able to reap any bene­ fits from the cessation of the war except the mere saving of life and In their report the minority say to the returned soldier living the increase of misery. in enfurced idleness, they say to the widows and orphans of the same, to the disti·essed and to the poverty-stricken work­ By this statement the minority contend that an· opportunity ingmen of this country, when this bill for their relief is being to work is useless after the defeat of the League of Nations. · considered," Hush, be still. Your misery is overwhelming; your The gentleman from Texas [Mr. GARNER] tated in his argu­ hunger and poverty is unexampled in the history of America, ment, as I understood him, that in not a single instance had the but your condition, bad as it is, is no worse than is that of the committee been able to ha\e any evidence to show the cost of production in competitive countries. Now, there are many items people living in the Old World, and if this Congre N shn.ll re­ lieve yom· condition, if it shall pa this bill by which the with which I am familiar that are dealt with in this bill, and products of Europe are made to pay into the Trea ury when they he must have overlooked them when he made that statement. are brought over here a sum that shall make up the difference For instance, down in the district w-here I live, prior to the in the costs of p,eoduction here and abroad, our foreign creditors war in 1914, 50 per cent of the zinc ore produced in the United can not pay us the debts they owe us." They say thi bill is a States was mined. The Joplin district mined 350,000 tons of conspira,cy because it does make up those differences in pro­ ore annually, which was equal to one-quarter of the product duction cost. Will this answer be sufficient to tho e we repre­ of the entire world. For the first time, in the year 1909 in the sent here? I am again reading from the minor.ity report: Payne-Aldrich tariff act, zinc ore was protected. In the zinc­ ore industry are employed American citizens only. The min­ The depression came over tbe country in November. ing of zinc ore is strictly an American illLlustry ; an industry Well, in my judgment, based upon my own experience, and essential to the United States, to the prosperity of numerous from what I have heard, I think there was a considerable other industries during times of peace, and absolutely essential amount of depression iu the country before last November. It to the Nation as a weapon of defense in time .of war. might be admitted that the depression surrounding the activi­ In 190~ by the Payne-Aldrich A.ct the duty on zinc ore the ties of the firm of Cox & Co. and of members of the Democratic metallic contents of which was more than 25 per cent was fixed Party was greatly magnified about the month of November. A. at 1 cent a pound. By the Underwood Act this protection was decided depression among the members of the party to which denied and a nominal duty of lO per cent ad \alorem was the minority belong be~:,"'!ln on the 2d of November, and that the imposed. We did not even have the benefit in the Underwood gloom perhaps became deeper then. What do the minority law which we would have in this bill of an American valuation. Members say. when this measure is presented which is designed The ad valorem duty was levied upon the value of the ores to equalize the difference in the cost of production at home and in the country from which they. were imported. This nominal abroad and no more? They ay-reading from their report- duty of 10 per cent based upon the foreign · valuation afforded This conspiracy has required since last December, or six months, to absolutely no protection, and the only benefit of the Underwood batch. A.ct was to give us the statistics as to foreign valuation and In their opinion a law which will merely equalize the differ­ the places from which the importation came, which was ences e:rl ting on account of differences in wages in production not theretofore known. It has given us absolutely an accurate cost in America and elsewhere is a conspiracy. sworn testimony as to the cost of production of zinc ores in the Th~ bill, whose every chedule is based upon evidence and pz.·incipal countries that compete with the United States. arrived at after thorough tudy and e:mmination, is the prod­ The Treasury regulations under the Underwood A.ct provided uct of cunning. that every importer should file with the Treasury a sworn I have not counted the number of timeN when the minority statement of the value of the ore in the country from which it in their report refer to thi bill a a eon piracy. came. Those statements have been filed, and this industry, Denunciation is indulged in lavishly, but every minority which was prosperous so long as it had protection, to-day is Member is careful to avoid any mention of the evid~nce to sus­ prostrate and practically abandoned. These Treasury figures tain him in his charges. Instead of presenting argument , in~ show the amount of ores imported under its provisions and they stead of pointing out the defects of the bill or evidence from show the production costs in the various countries from which which they may appear so that they might be corrected, in tead the ores came, and they also show the value in Mexico, from of pointing out places in which the evidence has not been fol­ which country most of them came, was less than $10 a ton. The lowed, the minority Members denounce the authors of the bill, testimony taken before this committee shows-not by way of the witnesses, and reject and ignore the endence altogether. speculation or conjecture but it shows from the books of In fact, considering the epithds and intemperate language mining companies located in the Joplin district of Missouri and employed and the extravagant charges made and the number of by the book of the mining company located in Mexico-the times the word "conspiracy" is employed nn.d the utter lack of differences in wages, the differences in the cost of production in evidence adduced in support, one might easily conclude that the United States and in Mexico, and they also show how those the minority r~port on the pending bill wa ~Titten by the late differences arise. candidate of the Democratic Party for the Pre idency, l\fr. Cox. In this bill the way the committee determines differences in Everyone will remember that last fall Gov. Cox saw a con­ production cost is by beginning at the bedrock, which is by spii·acy in every assembly of the American peo-ple gathered to determining differences in wages and other items that consti­ rid themselves of the distressing situation that existed, and tute the cost of p:rpduction. It gathers up the wages-the wage which the minority so aptly described as being unprecedented. statistics-in every industry affected by the bill in every Every time an American farmer or bu ines man or laboring country that competes with us. The principal country that man contributed $40, $50, $100, or $1,000 to the Republican competes in the production of zinc ore is the Republic of ~ampaign fund Gov. Cox saw him bidding to purchase a Mexico. In a general way we know the character of the citi­ stranglehold upon the Government. zenship of Mexico, as we know that of our own country. No What the people want from us is relief against unemploy­ nearer opposites exist in all the world. The American is the ment. They desire an opportunity to work and to be able to best paid, as the Mexican is the lowest and poorest paid worker support and educate their children. They haYe the right to in all the world. The American educated, intelligent, and free. demand an equal opportunity with any man living anywhere The Mexican peon, a very slave. to work and produce under such conditions. that their products These wages t.hnt are paid to labor in the zinc-mining indus­ may find a sale in their {)Wn market. try in the Joplin district will compare--favorably with the high­ In my judgment, they will not understand or appreciate the est wages paid American workingmen in any industry any­ excuse for refusing them any relief 'vithin our power to give where. The wa.ges. paid the peons who mine the zinc ores of that their distress is equaled or excelled in other lands. Mexico, as appears by the evidence taken, aTe so low its recip­ This minority of the committee makes the fight here that was ients can barely exist. Under. the Underwood A.ct, with its 10 made in the campaign of 1920, and their attack on the bill con­ per cent duty on the importation of zinc ore, in three :rears, sist in groundless r.harges of unnecessary rates when no evi· chiefly from the Republic of Mexico, nearly 800,000 tons of deuce has been heard or is cited to justify their claims against zinc ore were imported into the United Stateu. l\lind you, the this bill, designed to e11ualize the opportunities of the American industry produced annually 350,000 tons in that zinc region 3648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 12, of Mis. ouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas pr,ior to the war and had chine ha been completed which will pull a train, the eost of to meet a competition of foreign ores, chiefly from Mexico, producing a locomotive has been from fifty to seventy-five thou- . orne from Canada, China, Australia, and practically every and dollars. So it is with every industry, whether it be beef, country in the world-nearly three years' annual output. pork, wheat, automobiles, pins, or what not. The chief element l\lr. FESS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? in production is wages. The committee in determining the 1·ates 1\lr. McPHERSON. Yes. of this bill were therefore bound to find the amount of wages l\lr. FESS. The gentleman comes from the famous Joplin that was represented in the various items in this and in other district of Missouri? countries, I shall therefore ask you of the .minority whether Mr. McPHERSON. Yes. .or not the wages in the various industries of the United Mr. FESS. The great zinc-producing country? States and of the countries of the world as stated in the table Mr. McPHERSON. Yes. of wages is accurate. If it is not, then I want some member l\Ir. FESS. After the Underwood Act had operated upon of the minority who beard the evidence, who examined these docu· those mines to the extent of closing them and our laborers were ments, to rise in his plaee and deny that these figures are accu­ thrown out of employment as foreign zinc came into the coun­ rate, so that the country may know· that the accuracy of the try, what -o.ssurance have we that we will have cheaper zinc tables has been disputed. after our industry is destroyed by the cheaper labor even than These \Yages are here shown to be much higher in the United goes into the zinc that is imported? States than anywhere else in the world. Here we have a bill l\Ir. McPHERSON. We have none. It is just like other proposing to levy on the products of foreign labor duties that industries. When our own is gone we have no assurance that will equalize those differences, because thus and thu alone can we will have cheaper products. That very thing will result. the American producer be employed. The minority denounces The American industry can not exist unless we remove this that effort as a conspiracy. The minority insists if differ· menace of Mexican competition, and if we allow it to be de- ences in the costs of American products with foreign products . stroyed we will have no cl1eaper zinc products. Four hundred are thus equalized our foreign creditors can not pay us the zinc properties that were formerly operated pro perously and debt they owe.· Why can they not? The foreign producer, successfully are closed. Those mines are closed do,vn and are after he pays the rates levied by this act, will have here ready filled ''ith water and threatened with this competition from for sale an article that if made here by American hands would Mexico. They can never and will never be opened. With the have cost the same as it has now cost him with the tariff added. revolution on in that country, with all of the disorder which The foreign producer may still exchange his products here on accompanied it, anc1 the disorganization of transportation nat­ an equality with our American people_ It is true lle ·can not urally caused by the revolution, Mexican co:npetition furnished make so great a profit. most of the nearly 800,000 tons sent here during a period of three The object we have in passing this bill is not to build a wall year·. Four hundred mills and properties, representing in each so high that commodities can not be exchanged. instance an investment of from $100,000 to $500,000, closed The object is not to deny the foreign prodticer the right to down. l\Ien will not come forward and reinvest money to re- deal; the object is to make it pos ible for the American pro­ tore them, in the face of a competition in .which labor, which ducer to meet the foreign producer on an equality in the Amer­ forms so great a part of the cost of producing the ore, is prac· ican market. tically free. The CH.A.IR~.Lli~. The time of the gentleman from l\Ii ·ouri . ~r. FESS. Then not only the capital is destroyed and the labor thrown 'out of employment, but we ha,-e not any cheaper has again expired. product otherwise. Mr. FORDNEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minute to the 1\Ir. McPHERSON. That is true. The industry is destroyed, gentleman from Utah [l\Ir. CoLTON]. and the con umers of zinc products buy them no cheaper than l\lr. COLTOX l\lr. Chairman and gentlemen, as a new Mem­ before. The revolution in l\Iexico, which interrupted to a ber of Congress I have listened with a great deal of intere ·t great extent om· competitor, gives many evidences of being to the debate on the tariff question, and I have been surpri. ed pacified, and what can you then expect for this industry with to hear that it is the so-called " interests" that are demanding the free labor of the Mexican peon? · this tariff bill. What is meant by the "interests" I do not The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Missouri altogether know, but there bas been a statement by nearly has expired. every speaker on the other side that the interests are demand­ l\lr. FORDNEY. l\Ir. Chairman, I yield five minutes more to ing this bill, and it bas been fashioned for those interests. I the gentleman. have the honor to represent a district where the percentage of l\Ir. McPHERSON. We desire to have the revolution pacified. home .owners is perhaps as large as any district in the United We desire that those people shall have again the blessings of States. I represent men who have gone out and have literally peace. in that far western country " made the desert blossom as a Reference has been made to the wonderful prosperity we rose"; hard-working people, thinking people, people who read, enjoyed under the last administration. We want no mm-e of people who keep themselves well informed, people who are that, because that prosperity .was bought by the tears and Americans to the core, and I want to say to you as I hear their misery· and blood of a world at war. We want the prosperity voices they are the kind of interests that are saying to me, of peace. With this revolution pacified, unless we have pro­ "We want a tariff bill." [Applause on the Republican siCent per pound for tbe M:r. RAl\"'KIN. Certainly n.ot. If it were a splendid tariff fifth yearl and thereafter potash shall be -on the free listJ ,bill and in the interests of the American p.eo:ple i wonld ete Kow, what is the terribw m.·ong of having such a tariff as that for it, bnt I will nev-e-r vote :Eor a bill which ls 11 hald llP o:n tile on potash? Row will that affect the American farmer? Let part -ef a few interests at th-e expense of the American p'-'ople. :w· . ay tllat -e,-en with the tariff of th-e first two years it Mr. FDRDNEY. There is more merit lin one J}arngraph m \Hmld be 2~ cents per pound or $23 a ton. Do y-ou know the this bill than in the whole Mnscle Shoals proposition. [ p­ aver~gc potash content in fertilizers during last yea:r was plause on the Republican .Side ..] 1.8 per cent? Mr. COLTON. My people are asking for a tariff bill rbeca:nse l\Ir. STEVE~SON. If the gentleman will yield, at 2-! it would they read in the crop reports th:a.:t in 1920 there were shipped be '30 a ton. • , into this country over· 59,150,000 pounds of dry hldes and 216,- l\lr. COLTON. 'Vel.l, erro so, and I believe the gentleman is 174,099 pounds of green or pickled hides. I am refe.ning ·to correct, let us go right on a little further. If that were true, beef hides. There were shipped in 29,382,904 pounds of dry the potash content of the an~:~a,ge fertilize!· being 1.8 per cent, sheepskins and 52;916,027 pounds of green or pickled sheep­ you ''"ill find that it would mean on the a.Yer.age ton of feTtilizer · skins. They are asking for a tariff because ther.e was a total, an -additional cost of, say, 00 cents. including calfsh.1ns, cattle hides, goatskins, horse, colt, and l\lr. STEVENSON. Will the gentleman yield again? sheep hides, of 308,119,830 pounds of hides shipped into the ::\Ir. COLTON. Yes, f>'ir. • United States for the 11 menths ending May 21 -of this year. 1\Ir. STEVENSO -r. I use a good deal of that stuff myself, These hides had a value of $97,846,440, and yet our stock raisers f r whiell we paid $18 a ton on a guaranteed basis of 15 per can scarcely get enough to i[lay them for .removing tlle hides cent potash. from the animals after they have died. This is one more 1-ea­ Mr. COLTO~ '. Authentic reports show that the average per son why these people are asking for hel,p. They .are the inter­ eent of potash contained in fertUizer is 3 per cent-not over 4 ests to which I am responding when I .give my vote to · thls per cent. bill. Ur. STEVEKSON. That is fertilizer compounded with pot- I 'vant to turn briefly to the wool producers. I want to say ash. When you buy the German kainit, it is not mix;ed with to you that that is one '()f the great industries that unless it is any thing and has a much higher content. helped will be ruined in this ceuntry. The sheep of America Mr. OOLTON. I am taking the figures from authentic re- have decreased at the rate of more than a million r>er year ports, some of which are Government reports; but e-ven if that during the last 10 or 15 y-ears, and to-day the sheep groweJ.·s­ were true, the price per ton to the a->erage farmer, so far as the and I llappen to know in this particular case wllel•eof I -speak­ tariff is concerned, would be about 90 cents per ton, not to are ~ying that unless they have help they can not possibly sur­ exceed $1.25, and when you figure that a ton of fertilizer will vlve much long&>, There was imported into the United States nsuaBy take care of from 2 to 5 acres <>f ground, you will 'find during 1920 more than 254,905,()()() pounds of foreign wool, hav­ tllc American farmer ha-s not been so terribly lmt•t by having a ing a value of more than $127,208,000. At the -same time :we tariff of 2! cents a ])ound put u_pon it, which is only to -con- could not sell our own wool. We saw wool fall from the price tinu~ for two years. But there is another· side to this ques- of 58 cents in 1\Iay, 1920, to TI cents or less at the beginning of tion trhich the gentlemen on the oQther si-de seem to overlook. this year. Again, \We shipped into this country during last Prior to the breaking out of the Great War there was no year more than 50,182,000 polmds of beef and veal. During the suc_·h thing as a potash industry in ,.t\merica. Practically all of same period we shipped in more than 101~168,{)00 pounds of tlle potash wa shipped in fr()m Germany. In i-esponse t-o a mutton and lamb. patriotic request men went out and found potash beds and in- :Mr. Chairman, while I do not wholly .approve of the proposed \e ted upward of $50,000,000 in :equip-rne1t to pr-oduce potash, ' ool schedule of this bill, and I hope to see thi-s Congress yet 11t1 already in the remarkably short time of two ~· ears were make it much more liberal for the woolgrowers, it is neverthe­ producing about 60,000 t()ns. Prior to the wm· we w..ere ship-ping less a long step in the right direction. The limiting 35 per -cent inttl this country about 240;000 tons, an{} in less than two years ad valorem clause should be entirely eliminated. Even then \\·e \Yere able to preduee one-fourth of the potash used in this the grower will not receive a-dequate protection, ·but it will be ('()Unt rr. I want to say to you that the -value of that 240,000 on the right basis and infinitely better than under the present tons shipped in here was between $10,000,()0() allil $12100@,000. · law. For the reason that our markets are flooded by the prod­ \Ye were absolutely dependen-t upon Germany. Men have now- nets of .countries where wages are-cheap and where the standal'd and it was done largely in re5J:l0nse to a -patriotic request---in- of llving are far below ours, w:e are asking now for the en.act­ ,-e ·too "$50,000,000 in tnactrlnery a.nd equipment to produce pot- ment of this tariff, and rmless some relief is given we must n.J1 and .all they are asking you for is a tariff t-o enable them to sink to the l-e-vel of these O'ther rcountries. get their business started and to demonstrate whether or not The CHAIRl\IAN. The time of the gentleman from Ctah has they ·can produce potash. And these t1.mounts do not include expired. the value of hun-dreds of the undeveloped potash c-laims owned , l\Ir. COLTON. lVlr. Chairman, may I have just four minute· by honest men throughout the West. And I :am here to say to ' moi·e? ron that if you will give them a ~!IJ.anoo, America, if another Mr. FORDNEY. l\f;r. Chail·man, I yield the gent~eman four great wrir ever· comes, which I hope never will, \\"ill be :nble to minutes more. tak-e care of he1· own potash industry. [Applause on tll-e lle- Th-e CHAIRl\IAK. The gentl-eman :r-rom Utah is recognized publican side.] for fom.· minute m{)-re. · 1\Ir. STEVENSON. Has it come to FOUr u.ttention that there ::.\ir. COLTON. I want to say in ~onclusion, Mr. Chairman, has been a great deal of destruction of -crop· beeanse of potash that I appreciate the fact that it is late, and I, therefore, shall that has come from these mines? I hope to see it de-reloped not OT-errn.n lilY time. I heard it said hel'e y-esterday on ' the properly, ·but it has resulted in the destruetion of \.ariious crops, fioor that last fall during the campaign unpatriotic influences and suits have been instituted. were brought to bear upon the A.m~rican peopl~ to influence the l\fr. COLTON. Tbat lis the point .abo1.1t it. We sk :r-ou to great election. I do not know where the gentleman who made gi\e us a little tariff until we get thls thing on its fee~ and then that tatement got his information. It was n<>t so in my State. we will be able to supply you with plenty of good potash, and I understood, and I believe it to be true, that the mandate of there will be no more destruction of crops. And potash is used the people last November meant that rrom now on America for many otller purposes. It is used in explo ·v.es, soap, match , hould be n·ee--fl~ and independent in hei· thought· and ac- metallurgy, glass, medicines, dyes, and nrany oOthe-r thing . tions and free ancl independent in her resources. This law 1\fr. RANKIN. 'Vill the gentleman ~- i ld? will h-elp to m~ k~ her independent in her resources, uat she

:\Ir. COLTO~ T. I yield. may ·develop tllem to theii· fullest -extent. I understood mor~ lUr. llAl.~KI T. Al

Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re­ in the CoNGRESSio~ AL RECORD, to devise a plan whereby a bonus sumed the chair, Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas, Chairman of the or adjusted compensation can be paid to the ex-service men by a Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, re­ levy of a special tax for that purpose upon said profiteers, and ported that that committee, having under consideration the that the Secretary of the Treasury furnish to said committee bill (H. R. 7456) to provide revenue, to regulate commerce with the names of all individuals, firms, and corporations called for foreign countries, to encourage the industries of the United by said committee, together with the reported incomes of said States, and for other purposes, bad come to no resolution individuals, firms, and corporations since the late war began; thereon. to the Committee on Rules. ADJOURNMENT. 1\lr. FORDNEY. 1\Ir. Speaker, I move that the House do now adjourn. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 10 o'clock and 28 Under clause 1 of llule XXII, private bills and resolutions minutes p. m.) the House adjourned, under the previous order, -were introduced and severally referred as follows: until to-morrow, Wednesday, July 13, 1921, at 11 o'clock a. m. By 1\fr. BROWNE of 'Visconsin: A bill (H. R. 7739) granting a pension to Carrie C. Fry ; to the Committee on Pensions. By 1\fr. JACOWAY: A bill (H. R. 7740) granting a pension EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. to .A. M. Crouch; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 102. Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, a letter from the Secre­ By Mr. MILLSPAUGH: A bill (H. R. 7741) granting an tary of War transmitting, with a letter from the Chief of Engi­ increase of pension to Margaret Price ; to the Committee on neers, report on preliminary examination of Quinby Creek, Va., Invalid Pensions. was taken :from the Speaker's table and referred to the Commit­ By Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee: A bill (H. R. 7742) for the tee on Rivers and Harbors. relief of Virgie Young; to the· Committee on Claims. By Mr. VESTAL: A bill (H. n. 7743) granting an increase REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND of pension to Merle Hoopengardner; to the Committee on RESOLUTIONS. Pensions. By Mr. WILLIAMS: A bill (H. R. 7744) granting a pension Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, to Henry Coffee; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Mr. BOIES, from the Committee on the Judiciary, to which was referred the bill ( S. 2089) authorizing the appointment of an additional judge for the district of Minnesota, reported the PETITIONS, ETC. . arne without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 261), Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid which said bill and report were referred to the Committee of on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: the Whole House on the state of the Union. · 1935. By Mr. CHRISTOPH:nRSON: Resolution of the board of directors of the Mitchell Chamber of Commerce, praying for CHANGE OF REFERENCE. relief from the present condition of high prices of coal and low prices of farm products; to the Committee on Interstate and Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, the Committee on Pensions was Foreign Commerce. uischarged from the consideration of the bill (H. R. 3837) 1936. By Mr. CULLEN: ~et1tion of the Merchants Assoc:a­ granting an increase of pension to Anna 0. D. Mickley, and the tion of New York, opposing law No. 2972, enacted by the Philip­ same was referred to the Committee on Invalid Pensions pine Legislature, providing that no person, firm, company, or corporation can keep their books in any language other than English, Spanish, or a native dialect after November 1, 1921; PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND ME~10RI.ALS. to the Committee on Insular Affairs. U:ader clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials 1937. Also, petition of board of aldermen of the c.ity of New were introduced and severally referred as follows: York, favoring the passage of the joint resolution introduced By l\fr. SWANK: A bill (H. R. 7733) to provide for the pur­ by Senator LA FoLLETTE on April 21, favoring the recognition of chase of a site for a public building at Cushing, in the State of the republic of Ireland; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Oklahoma ; to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 1938. Also, petition of New York State Association of Heal By Mr. HULL: A bill (H. R. 7734) to provide for the pay­ Estate Boards, favoring repeal of the excess-profits tax, elimina­ ment for contracts entered into by the Navy Department with tion of the surtaxes, and other purposes; to the Committee on Government-owned establishments; to the Committee on Naval Ways and 1\Ieans. Affairs. 1939. Also, petition of the Olive Oil Association of America, By l\fr. CHRISTOPHERSON: A bill (H. R. 7735) to create New York City, relati"le to t::.riff duty on olive oil; to the Com­ the American stabilizing commission and to provide for stabiliz­ mittee on Ways and 1\!eans. ing the prices of certain farm products; to the Committee on 1940. By 1\fr. DRANE: Memorial of Legislature of Florida Agriculture. relative to grant by Government to State «;>f a certain obsolete By Mr. ARENTZ: A bill (H. R. 7736) to revise, amend, and military property at St. Augustine ; to the Committee on 1\lil.i­ codify the laws of the United States relating to the location of tary Affairs. mining claims on the public domain, and for other purposes; 1941. Also, resolution from Baptist Church at Dunedin, Fla., to the Committee on Mines and Mining. relative to change in the Constitution of the United States; to By Mr. SUTHERLAND. - A bill (H. R. 7737) to increase the the Committee on the Judiciary. limit of cost for the construction of the United States public 1942. By Mr. EVANS: Petition of members an

Rennous Kleinle Division, Pittsburgh Plate Glass, of Baltimore, Washington, the Consumers' League, the League of Women 1\ld., urging protection on brushes; to the Committee on Ways Voters, and also representati>es of organized labor. The com­ and l\Ieans. munication is in respect to legislation pertaining to the packers. 1948. By 1\lr. OSBORNE : l\femorial of C. H. Marshall and 56 I ask unanimous consent to have the communication printed in other residents of Los Angeles, Calif., and vicinity, ad>ocating the RECORD. the passage of the Sterling-Towner bill, known as H. 'R. 7 ; to Mr. H..illRISON. Will not the Senator ha>e it read? It is a the Committee on Education. very important document. 1949. By Mr. V ARE: Petition of Tioga Post, No. 319, Ameri­ l\Ir. NORRIS. I shall be glad to have it read. can Legion, Philadelphia, Pa., relative to congressional legisla­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair tion commending the Sweet bill (H. R. 6611), the Langley bill bears none. (H. R. 6263), House joint resolution 30, Senate bill 1565, the The reading clerk read the communication, as follows: Kenyon bill (S. 1439), and House bill 1; to the Committee JOINT LETTER FROM FARM, LABOR, AND WOMEN'S ORGA~IZATIOXS CON­ on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. CERNING PACKER-CONTROL LEGISLATION. 1950. By 1\fr. YATES: Petition of J. R. Matthews, of Corno WASHINGTON, D. C., July 8, 1921. Mills & National Oats Co., protesting against tariff duty on To the Members of the House and Senate: molasses; to the Committee on Ways arid Means. 1951. Also, petition of 0. J. Howell, of Orange Crush Co., The organizations we represent have been trying earnestly requesting removal of tax of 10 per cent on gross sales of soft for nearly three years to secure packer-control legislation. The drinks in this country; to the Committee on Ways and 1\feans. object of this letter is to protest against the kind of legislation 1952. Also, petition of the Mid-Continent Oil & Gas Associa­ that Congress appears to be about to enact. The bill, both as it tion, of Tulsa, Okla., expressing opposition to tariff on oil; to passed the House and as it was amended by the Senate, is un­ the Committee on Ways and Means. satisfactory. 1953. Also, petition of August W. Thode, Edward K. Blewett, We wish to advise the Members of both Houses that we are Henry Engels, and F. J. Ortscheid, urging that the United States unalterably opposed to any legislation that curtails or inter­ Government recognize the republic of Ireland; to the Committee feres with the powers of the Federal Trade Commission. Par­ ticularly ·we oppose any legislation taking the packers out from on Foreign Affairs. under the jurisdiction of the Federal Trade Commission, as this 1954. Also, petition of the Johnson Bros. Coal Co., of Chicago, bill does. Ill., protesting against Senate bill 1807 and House bill 7106; to When the packers found that their long fight to prevent legis­ the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. lation ·could not succeed, they sought to control the form the 1955. Also, petition of H. F. Reck, of Streeter-Amet Weighing legislation should take. Though beaten, they yielded in such a & Recording Co., requesting repeal of the Adrunson law; to the way as to secure important compromises from the House com­ Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. mittee, especially in releasing them from the Federal Trade 1956. Also, petition of Edwin J. Prindle, requesting immediate Commission act. Our organizations are not disposed to com­ passage of the Lampert patent bill (H. R. 7077) ; to the Com­ promise ; certainly not on such a vital issue as the Federal mittee on Patents. Trade Commission. 1957. Also, petition of John Dill Robertson, commissioner of It seems clear that the packers want to abolish the commis­ health, Chicago, Ill., requesting that aid to State departments of sion so far as its jurisdiction over any of their companies is health be reinstated in deficiency bill (H. R. 6300) ; to the Com­ concerned. The organizations whicli we represent are firm, on mittee on Appropriations. the conh·ary, in the conviction that the commission's jurisdic­ tion over the packers should not be impaired. If the commis­ sion is not made the agent to administer the act, it ought at least to be left ·with unimpaired. powers. This would enable SENATE. it to continue many of its proper functions without conflicting in any way with the activities of the Secretary of Agriculture WEDNESDAY, July 13, 19~1. ander this act; and in case any Secretary of Agriculture at any time failed to function properly the commission would have (Legislat·i·ve day ot T·uesday, July 12, 1921.) undoubted power to act under its own law at the request of either House of Congress, at the request of the President or the The Senate reassembled on the expiration of the recess, at Attorney Genera], or on its own initiative, as at present. 12 o'clock meridian. A few instances of the work of the Federal Tra<.le Commission l\Ir. HARRISON. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a are found in its investigations and reports on the coal industry, quorum. the petroleum industry, the leather and shoe indush·ies. We The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will call the roll. also cite its investigations of the causes of the high price of The reading clerk called the roll, and the foliowing Senators farm implements, showing restraints of trade in that industry; answered to their names : - its investigations of lumber showing combinations there to fix Ashurst Frelinghuysen La Follette Sheppard prices and curtail production in order to maintain prices ; its Ball Gerry Lodge Shortridge investigations of the wholesale marketing of foods, sh()wing Borah Glass McCormick Simmons Brandegee Hale McCumber Smoot the waste in our systems of distribution of perishable food, its Broussard Harreld McKellar Stanfield report on wheat flour milling, and its exhaustive report on the Bursum Harris McNary Sterling Cameron Harrison Moses Sutherland grain trade. Capper Heflin Myers Trammell The commission's investigation of the packers was one of the Caraway Johnson Nelson Underwood most thoroughgoing and fearless investigations ever carried Culberson Jones, N.Mex. New Wadsworth Cummins Jones, Wash. Nicholson Walsh, Mass. through by the Federal Government. That is why we are for Curtis Kellogg Norris Walsh, Mont. the commission and why the packers and the large monopo­ Dial Kendrick O