The Sports Page Shirley Povich.Pdf

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INSIDE JOURNALISM

Volume 1, Issue 7 Shirley, One of the Best

The Extraordinary Tale of a Caddy Who Turned a Golf Course Break Into a Reporting Career And Became One Of the Champions Of Sports Journalism. Page 10

INSIDE Meet the Editor: Sports Editor 5 Cindy Boren Shirley Povich Sportswriting files a sports story for the By the Numbers, Post in the a How-To 7 1940s. After working for You and Your the paper 75 Rights years, he filed Freedom of his last story, 12 Speech and a column, the Athletes day before he died in 1999.

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An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

The News KidsPost Article: “Following the Bouncing Ball” In the Know The INSIDE Journalism curriculum guide provides information and Balanc e: Fairly presenting accura te and resources that can be used on many grade levels and in many subject pertinent informa tion about all p arties areas. Here are a few suggestions for using the material in this guide. involved

T hink About Sports daily coverage. Sports coverage, Be a t: Are a o f specialty to which What are the favorite sports, found in the D section, includes the a reporter is assigned; in sport s sports teams and athletes of your work of reporters, editors and eight students? What makes them columnists. reporting, this ma y be b asketb all or favorites? more specif ic, the W izar ds. R eporter s Many say that the front page, Discuss develop sour c es, meet those involved the Sports section and comics After reading the KidsPost article are the first parts of a newspaper and the reproducible in this guide, and know all there is to know about that is read. Ask students which discuss these questions. their be a t s. part of the newspaper is the best, 1. Who has the Wizards beat for after KidsPost. Do they read the The Washington Post? Where does Collective noun: Nouns tha t signify Sports section? What parts of he sit during a Wizards game? groups o f people, such as “te am” and the sports coverage do they like? 2. What is the job of the sports “crew” Photographs, articles, box scores? reporter? Do Wyche and Boren Do they read the high school agree on the role of the sports Jar gon: Terms and idioms o f a p articular coverage? reporter and coverage of the home group; e as y c ommunica tion to those After the Civil War, sportswriting team? began to be recognized as its 3. Would a sports reporter in the group, but c onfusion to those own strong presence in American interview the trainer and the out side the group newspapers. In the early 20th players who sit on the bench most century, Grantland Rice, Shirley of a game? Why? Sc ore: Numerical rec or d o f a c ompetitive Povich and Red Smith brought 4. What are some benefits of event; point s made by e ach c ompetitor observation, facts and their own being a sports reporter? or side, either f inal or a t a given st age style to establish the genre firmly. 5. What are the drawbacks of being a sports reporter? Sc ore box: Collection o f the event ’s R e ad 6. What is the job of the sports sc ores or the te am’s rec or d to da te, Steve Wyche, the sports reporter editor? How does the job of sports for The Washington Post who editor differ from being a sports usually enclosed by rule lines or in a covers the Washington Wizards, reporter? spo t c olor box tells about his job. Read “Following 7. Who is responsible for the Bouncing Ball” and “Tracking knowing the statistics? What are Sports editor: Per son who helps Jordan.” sources for getting stats? develop sport s c overage and then edit s 8. What do you learn about stories for accurac y in reporting Meet the Sports E ditor Michael Jordan from Wyche? Read “Meet the Sports Editor” 9. Who makes the final decisions Sportsmanship: Conduct and a ttitude found in this guide. Cindy Boren about what gets on the printed c onsidered as bef itting p articip ant s in answers our questions about her sports pages of The Post? job and how she works with sports sport s, especially fair pla y, c ourtes y, reporters. Sports is one of six How to Write a Sports Article striving spirit and grac e in losing major departments of the news The best way to learn about staff responsible for The Post’s sports reporting is to write. The S t a tistics: Numerical da t a

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An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program sports story occurs before, during students to compare the notes they Covering All Sports and after the game. Reporters try have taken about the action that to capture the excitement, the took place. On the Web ➤ pauses and the disappointments of a. Do they agree on the highlights http://www.highschooljournalism.or the game. What would they write of the segment? g/teachers/tipssportsrow1.htm about the game in a letter to their b. Did they record the # or identity 10 T ips for Improving Scholastic best friends? Give students “How of the players involved? Newsp aper Sports writing to Write a Sports Story.” c. Do they have questions that Steve Row, Journalism Education other classmates may be able to Coordinator, Richmond Newspapers, Use Number s in Sports Articles answer? Inc., provides a quick tips list with Give students “Sportswriting by Ask each student to write a examples. the Numbers.” Read articles in paragraph for an article on the ➤ http://www.highschooljournalism.or the Sports section and review box game. Get into groups to share g/teachers/tipssportsrow2.htm score examples to show students paragraphs. Select one to share 10 T ips for Improving Scholastic how these ideas apply in actual with the class. Newsp aper Sports Pages articles. Divide your class into the A variation: If you have enough More suggestions from Steve Row number of athletic teams, boys and monitors, you could divide students girls, in your school. Each group into four groups, each one getting to keep your sports coverage from is assigned a different team. Each a different quarter to view. Do the becoming a cheering section. group is to collect the win-loss activity as outlined above. When ➤ http://www.highschooljournalism.or record so far this year, including the paragraph from each group is g/teachers/tipssportsrow3.htm teams played and a highlight of shared aloud, present in first-to 40 Sports Fe a ture Ide as plays from three significant games. fourth-quarter order. They now Have you asked your students to write You may ask them to record the know the game’s key plays and the a sports feature and received a blank high scorer and record holders, result. Now have the class write a stare? Use these ideas to generate more depending on the sport. For lede for the article. feature ideas or to make them specific example, most rebounds, longest You could use The Post’s to your school. jump, most goals scored, fastest Scoreboard and game article if 440-meter relay. you record a game that The Post ➤ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- You may wish to make this a covered. Compare the article dyn/sports/highschools/ long-term activity, asking students written by the students with the Post High School Sports to compile results every week for one written by The Post reporter. Read sports news from public the whole season. At the end of Use the activity as a warm-up to and private schools in the D.C. the season, students will write a assigning students a game to cover. Metropolitan area. Also find features season wrap-up article as well as a If your school has several teams and columns that relate to high school scoreboard and season highlights. competing, allow students to select athletics. (See if you agree with which game and team to cover. Tony Kornheiser on Kwame Brown Write a Sports Article and LeBron James or Sally Jenkins On one of those warm school L e arn from the Gre a t on James and the Ohio high school days when students are eager to be Before there was Tony commissioner.) Check out the All- outside, ask them to become sports Kornheiser, Michael Wilbon or Met team selections (including those reporters. View a video of a portion Sally Jenkins, there was Shirley of a game—they may forget about Povich. “Who Was Shirley Povich?” archived since 1990 by sport), league wanting to be outside. Ideally, you and “A Changing Community, A index (links to Post coverage of your can provide a fact sheet about the Changing Role” both provide a look school) and stat central for up-to- teams to review before viewing at the reporting of Povich. date numbers on passes, rebounds begins. You may also have students You may also wish to encourage and scores. Polls will also give you who can tell about the teams. Pair students to read the works of the something to debate.

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An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

National Sportscasters and Sportswriters http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- Association Sportswriter of the Year. Red srv/sports/longterm/general/povich/ P roper Training Smith, NY Herald-Tribune, was the first povich.htm. Bobby Hawthorne. The to receive the recognition (1959-1962, As Steve Fox writes in his introduction 1965). Other multiple winners have been to the collection of Povich articles: Coverage of Scholastic Sports. Jim Murray, LA Times (14 times), Sports “Shirley Povich was covering golf when 88 pages. Illustrated’s Rick Reilly (7) and Frank segregation within the sport made This textbook for sports Deford (6). the possibility of the Tiger Woods coverage is written by phenomenon seem as unlikely as multi- someone who has taught Consider Freedom o f Speech and Athletes million dollar salaries. He was also students and knows what Younger students should be given present at one of the most tragic events teachers need. Includes “Being a Good Sport.” You might quote in sports history—the massacre of Israeli instruction and examples for Grantland Rice, one of the early great athletes at the 1972 Olympic Games writing and photography. sports writers: “For when the One Great in Munich. Povich was one of the few Dean Hume. Covering Scorer comes to mark against your name, journalists able to get inside the Olympic Sports: A Complete Sports He writes—not that you won or lost— Village and was an eyewitness to the Writing Handbook. 120 but how you played the Game.” terrorist incident. What dismayed Povich pages. Read “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit Of was the cavalier attitude of other athletes Hume helps the daily, weekly Nothingness” by Sally Jenkins. Discuss as they blared rock music from their and monthly publication the position she takes in her column. transistor radios.” adviser. Workbook, tips from Either give students the You and Your 2. How would students improve the professionals and exercises at Rights background paper, “The Athlete Sports section of The Washington Post? the end of each chapter. as Role Model: Sportsmanship and the Write to Cindy Boren, a Washington Post Extent to Which Athletes Must Speak” sports editor. Send your ideas to Tracy Jennifer Swan, editor. Sports or use it for your information to generate Grant, KidsPost editor, who will share Style Guide & Reference discussion. them with Ms. Boren. Manual. 375 pages. After spending one class period reading 3. Learn more about the integration Edited by a former Kansas the Jenkins’ article and discussing the of the Washington Redskins. Read City Star sports copy background of this topic to your class, “Integrating the Redskins: George editor, the manual provides hand out the chart as a homework Preston Marshall vs. the Government” everything you need to know assignment. Use the questions to discuss by William Gildea found at http: including spelling, definitions the assignment during the second class //www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/ and style rules. period. The answer to #8 is no, #9 is yes education/kidspost/nie/A55798- Steve Wilstein. Associated and #10 is yes. 2002Jun4.html Press Sports Writing “Following the Bouncing Handbook. 195 pages. Enrichment Ball” can be found at http:// Covers basic sports reporting 1. Students who are considering sports www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/ to columns, features reporting as a career have a number education/kidspost/nie/A63431- and investigative series. of excellent memoirs, autobiographies 2003Mar31.html and biographies to read. They might Journalists share their begin with “Post Sports Columnist “Tracking Jordan” can be found at secrets and photographs Shirley Povich Dies,” an obituary by http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- make you want to turn to Leonard Shapiro, or “A Sporting Life,” a dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A63429- every page. reflection on his life written in 1989, by 2003Mar31.html All of these books are Shirley Povich. Both provide students “By the Numbers” can be found at available through the with a glimpse of Washington sports http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- Journalism Education history and insight into a wonderful dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A63432- Association Bookstore. sportswriter’s career. These are found at 2003Mar31.html

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An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

My career began at The Kansas It is absolutely the responsibility City Star and Times, where I started of sports writers and editors to out by covering high schools, much know the stats, otherwise neither the way every sports reporter does. can know what happened in a game. I progressed to college and pro Most writers keep their own stats sports, which I thoroughly enjoyed and doublecheck them against stats for four years. Then, after a move to provided by teams. the Hartford Courant, I filled in as Do you work with fe a ture writer s to an editor one day and was amazed Meet the Editor determine a topic or a focus, to develop to discover something I liked even the c ontent and to ref ine wor ding? better than writing: improving other Cindy Boren people’s writing. I’ve also worked Obviously, time is not as pressing a for the National Sports Daily, the Wha t skills should a sports editor ha ve? factor with features. My preference first national sports daily newspaper, It is essential to be very solidly is to confer often with the writer. which was published out of New York grounded in grammar and word My feeling is that, if I do my job as from 1989-1990, and the New York usage, enjoy reading on all levels (not an editor correctly, when the story Daily News. just sports!), enjoy watching sports, arrives there will be very little I’ll be well-organized. need to do to it. I won’t get a nasty Describe your typical da y? surprise, like a poorly written story or An assignment editor in the sports Sports writer s ha ve been accused o f one with huge holes in it. department at the Washington Post being either cheerle ader s or b asher s o f How closely do reporter s work with typically starts the day around the home te am. Wha t do you see as the pho tographer s a t the games? In 10:30 a.m. Each editor is in charge c orrect role o f sports writer s? planning c overage? of several sports; mine are baseball, the NFL and sports business issues. There isn’t much opportunity for Sportswriters must keep an open We always have several long-range coordination at games, given that mind; the home team can win 10 in a projects in the works, but the daily reporters are not on the sidelines. row or lose 10 in a row. Rather than demands of news almost always The sports photo coordinator and cheering or bashing, the sports writer require us to adjust. I like to begin assignment editor do confer on should focus on analysis, interviewing the day with phone calls to each of feature stories, however. The sports sources with expertise who can my reporters. We compare notes and photo coordinator always knows what explain that winning or losing streak. see if we need to adjust our coverage. our long-range feature plans are. The sports writer has incredible Then the editors have a daily Who makes the f inal decision on wha t access and should have cultivated planning meeting. After that, we edit pictures and cutlines, stories and st a ts sources who will help him or her see broader feature pieces until stories get published daily? beyond the box score. for the daily start arriving, usually The photo staff and the layout How does a sports writer achieve around 5 p.m. or 6 p.m. editor choose the photos; the b alanc e and fairness in a game story? Our workday usually ends around assignment editor has the final call on 8 p.m., although breaking news can By talking to both sides and then stories; the copy desk chief supervises keep us here ’til 10. seeking outside sources who can cutlines and headlines. provide independent analysis and Wha t is most stressing in your work? Wha t determines how much sp ac e goes interpretation. Handling breaking news stories, for pro fessional, high school, men vs. without a doubt. Is it the responsibility o f the reporter s women, individual and te am c overage? or the editor s to know the st a tistics? The volume and significance of Wha t is the most rewar ding? Does T he Post sports dep artment keep events drives the amount of coverage Successfully handling breaking news a master f ile or do reporter s use st a ts each receives. stories, without a doubt. provided b y the te ams? 5 April 1, 2003 © 2002 THE WASHINGTON POST COMPANY Volume 1, Issue 7

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An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program How To Write a Sports S tory

The sport s story is most o ften de adline the st arting pitcher s, the Orioles’ ac e br ee zed same time, which isn’t e as y. reporting. It requires a writer to be prep ared. thr ough spring training in his typical low “My f ir st story for the p aper usually doesn’t He or she knows the sport, the te ams’ maintenanc e f ashion, r equiring little mor e ha ve any quo tes. For my sec ond story, or as rec or ds, the pla yer s’ c ondition and expected than a Grapefruit L e ague pocket s chedule with we call it in the business, a rewrite or sub, I’ll ma tch-up. his pitching days cir cled. go to the locker room, do my interviews with In his f inal tune-up o f the spring, L ope z ... pla yer s and c o aches, c ome b ack and rewrite T he L ede my story. I usually ha ve about 45 minutes to Some sport s news stories are best told with T he S tory an hour to do all tha t.” a traditional who- wha t- where- when- why -how The game story should highlight signif icant lede. L eonar d Shapiro reported: pla ys and rela te the interaction o f bo th te ams. T he Interview PHOENIX, Mar ch 2 6 - NFL owner s today R ela te to rec or ds and the pla yer s’ previous Think about your questions so you will get t abled a pr oposal to add two mor e te ams actions. “Try to write every game story like stronger responses. Don’t ask the obvious. to the playo f fs until their next meeting it ’s the only game someone will see all ye ar,” Know when to ask the question. in May, when it likely will be vo ted on f or advises R oss Siler, former Post summer intern implement a tion next se as on. They als o vo ted and Thomas Jef fer son High School for Scienc e “In my four ye ar s c overing the W izar ds, I’ve down a pr oposal tha t would have called f or and Technology (Va.) gradua te. “Give it special had to de al with a lo t more unhappy locker a one- ye ar experiment to allow bo th te ams tre a tment. F ind a visual and let it drive the rooms,” st a tes Wyche. “Even if the pla yer s are in overtime to have a t le ast one o f f ensive re ader into the story. Show don’t tell. Tha t ’s a mad, you ha ve to ask them questions. If they possession o f the f oo tb all. good lesson for all writing.” don’t feel like t alking, they’ll let you know — Likewise, the direct lede ef fectively rela tes Use strong verbs, few adjectives and nic ely or no t so nic ely. Most NB A pla yer s or game stories. Here the lede sums up the adverbs and minimum sport s jar gon. Paint c o aches ans wer our questions because they Bowie S t a te Bulldogs’ f ir st F inal Four: a verb al picture through directness o f wor d know the next night I c ould be t alking to them LAKELAND, F la., Mar ch 2 6—W ith f ive choic e. D a ve Sheinin wro te wha t he observed about a victory.” senior st arter s le ading the way, Bowie after the game was over on Oct. 28, 2002: S t a te over came a sluggish f ir st half and Barry Bonds c ould do no thing to the T he S t a tistics elimina ted Massachusett s L owell, 72-6 2, in Anaheim Angels now. He c ould no t crush Keep your own st a tistics in a special the quarterf inals o f the NC AA Division II men’s their pitches or clog their b ase p a ths or ste al no tebook tha t is prep ared ahe ad o f time to b asketb all tournament a t Lakeland Center their limelight or haunt their sleep. As Game rec or d the number s. Verify your number s today. 7 o f the World Series came to a close and the against the te am’s rec or ds. As Wyche st a tes, For o ther game stories or the news about Angels wrapped up the f ir st championship “I keep some o f the st a tistics myself, like the the pla yer s and te ams, a dela yed lede work s in their 4 2- ye ar history, Bonds c ould only sit sc ore and wha t pla yer sc ored. However, some to capture the mood and event before the glumly in his dugout—helpless, homerless o f the more det ailed st a tistics, like turnover s, main subject o f the article is reve aled. For and ringless again. fouls or assist s, are kept by an o f f icial sc orer ex ample, D a ve Sheinin writes from Orioles’ Keep up with the action. Know wha t does who upda tes them on a television monitor on camp: no t need to be remembered. “I begin writing the sc orer’s t able. After the game, we actually F ORT LAUDERDALE, F la., Mar ch 2 6—Sc o tt my game story after the f ir st quarter. We Erick s on blew out his shoulder. Omar D aal ha ve several de adlines I ha ve to meet, and get printed st a tistics, which are a wonderful went thr ough a bout o f stif fness in his. Sidney I typically ha ve to f inish my f ir st story right referenc e guide.” P ons on pouted. after the game ends,” S teve Wyche rela tes, Jas on Johns on, R ick Helling and Pa t Hent gen reve aling how he meet s de adlines tha t are T he Ending all f ailed to seize a r o t a tion spo t the way the close to the end o f the game. “I usually write At times you will end with a quo t a tion tha t Baltimor e Orioles’ c o aching st af f had hoped, a p aragraph or two about wha t happened after sums up the game, the te am’s a ttitude or the f or cing har d choic es tha t still have no t been e ach quarter. If there is an injury or something c o ach’s position. At o ther times a f inal pla y, made. out o f the or dinary, I’ll write more during the the next game or minor actions tha t can be Then ther e was R odrigo L ope z. Alone among game it self. I try to wa tch and write a t the cut o f f if nec essary are better f inal wor ds. 6 April 1, 2003 © 2002 THE WASHINGTON POST COMPANY Volume 1, Issue 7

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An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program Sportswriting by the Number s

Sportswriting should reflect the world opponents. Or if it were accompanied The Gre a t Ones of sports itself. That is, it should be with a statistical comparison in an exciting, unpredictable and simply a lot infograph prepared with artwork and On the Web of fun. But like the athlete himself, the creativity. ➤ http://www.washingtonpost.com/ sports writer must pay his dues before P rediction c olumns: Using numbers wp-srv/sports/longterm/general/ his performance. here makes the column more than povich/povich.htm A good starting place is getting the wishful thinking or guessing. Basing Shirley Povich Tribute numbers. Nothing anchors a sports predictions on the combined ERA of Sections in this tribute to sports story or gives it authority the pitching staff and the journalism legend Shirley Povich more than statistics. F igures or Wor ds? teams’ batting averages include “A Final Farewell: Povich Let’s examine how Number s in sport s sc or es, st andings and other vital statistics Eulogized as a Hero,” “The Latest using numbers can and st andar ds ar e pr esent ed as might convince readers Generation Honors a Legend,” turn a mediocre sports f igur es, ra ther than in wor ds: a that the local baseball “Povich: A Sporting Life,” and 6-1-3 r ec or d, p ar 4, 68-32, a high section into a stellar jump o f 5-9 1/4. In narra tives, use team does actually have a selections of his columns. Povich performance: wor ds f or the number s one t o nine. chance in the upcoming died on Thursday, June 4, Game c overage: Real T his one-nine rule applies t o car dinal state tournament. 1998, at the age of 92. The war sports fans are just as f orms (one, t wo , 10, 15) and or dinal Section c ontent: correspondent, sports writer, f orms (f ir st, thir d, 10th, 16th). interested, if not more Imagine a yearbook columnist and editor worked 75 interested, in the box Most c ollective nouns ar e or newspaper with years for The Post. His first byline c onsider ed singular. For ex ample, score at the end of the “T he Pooles ville girls’ lacr osse t e am a comprehensive appeared in 1924; his last on game story as they are c ontinued it s undefe a t ed se ason scoreboard in it. Using Friday, June 5, having been filed by in the story itself. It is a with a 12-11, c ome-fr om-behind agate, or 7-point type, him on Wed. from his home. jackpot of information. vict ory over host Chur chill.” Or: the publication could “A t the pla t e, using her r emark able For example, the str ength, Frankie wic z c ollect ed f ive detail a lot in a little ➤ http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/ basketball box score hit s, including f our doubles and space. inside_game/archives/rick_reilly/ will tell the reader the dr ove in half o f her t e am’s runs in a The scoreboard could Rick R eilly’s Insider Ar chives exact number of shots 14-0 vict ory in a Vir ginia AAA Libert y give complete results of Voted National Sportswriter of District game in Vienna.” attempted and made all teams, not just varsity. the Year seven times, Reilly has from 2-point range, 3- The freshman girls written for Sports Illustrated point range and the free throw line. It soccer team would no longer feel more than 16 years, and was the gives the score after each quarter and ignored as its game results, league magazine’s first signed weekly the exact performance of every player standings and leading individual scorers opinion column writer. who stepped on the floor, including are now in print for everyone to see. shooting percentages, points scored And what a package for the readers! ➤ http://www.pulitzer.org/year/ from the floor, free throws made and Everyone who knows a player on any 2000/beat-reporting/ even individual fouls. It tells how many team can check how the team and 2000 Be a t R eporting P ulit zer P rize total fouls the referee called, and it even player are doing. Awarded to George Dohrmann tells if the coach was tossed out of the In short, the beginning sports of the St. Paul Pioneer Press for game for technical fouls. And more. writer must remember a simple rule his determined reporting, despite P reviews: Think how much more in journalistic writing: Before you negative reader reaction, that interesting a preview of the big sit down to write, know more than revealed academic fraud in the weekend game would be if the story the reader does about your topic. men’s basketball program at the told the overall record between the two Researching statistics and anchoring University of Minnesota. Contains teams for the past 50 years, or if it had stories with numbers will help achieve portfolio of 10 of his articles. a comparison of scoring with common this goal.

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An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

A Changing Community, A Changing R ole Washington Post Timeline

When The Washington Post began Shirley Povich, sports editor and 1951: The Post moves into it s f ifth in 1877, D.C. public school classrooms columnist of The Post, was one of home a t 1513-21 L S t. N.W. were segregated. The 1950s marked Marshall’s sharpest critics. Povich 1952: The Post formally endor ses a change in the country and in The wrote that the Redskin’s colors were a presidential candida te for the f ir st Post’s position on crucial issues. “burgundy, gold and Caucasian.” In time sinc e E ugene Meyer s pur chased Herblock’s cartoons addressed his Oct. 31, 1960, “This Morning the p aper in 1933. R epublican Dwight McCarthyism and America’s failure With Shirley Povich” column, he D. Eisenhower rec eived The Post ’s in education and civil rights. wrote a powerful lede that began endor sement. Post editorials advocated full “[the Cleveland Brown’s Jim Brown] enfranchisement. And Shirley Povich integrated the Redskins’ goal line 1954: The Post buys the Times- called attention with more Herald, doubling it s cir cula tion and to segregation than deliberate making it the only morning newsp aper in sports, in speed, perhaps in Washington. Many o f the Times- Herald’s fe a tures are inc orpora ted, particular, the exceeding including 16 c omic strips, giving the Washington the famous p aper a massive c omics presenc e tha t Redskins. Supreme remains toda y. The Times-Herald logo Court decree. Brown v. Bo ar d is maint ained, in ever-decre asing sizes, Brown fled o f E duca tion— until 1974. After an e arly history o f the 25 yards 1954 hostility towar d enfranchisement for like a man in “The Supreme black s, The Post bec omes a powerful uncommon Court’s advoca te for integra tion and civil right s hurry and resolution after Br own v. Bo ar d o f Educa tion FILE PHOTO the Redskins’ yesterday of decision o f the Supreme Court. The S tewart L. Udall, left, meets with reporter s goal line, at the school Post opens it s f ir st foreign bure au, in hour s after he ur ged Geor ge P reston Mar shall least, became segregation L ondon. in a let ter to integra te the R edskins. interracial.” cases affords In another all Americans Marshall was angry. He had column, he wrote, “Jim Brown, born an occasion for pride and gratitude,” profited from the team he promoted ineligible to play for the Redskins, The Post editorial read. “It will as the “team of the South.” NFL integrated their end zone three times bring to an end a painful disparity Commissioner Pete Rozelle yesterday.” between American principles and interceded. Marshall agreed to Stewart L. Udall, Department of American practices. It will help sign a black player if he found one. Interior Secretary, proved to be a refurbish American prestige in a Because of a failed ’61 season, the worthy opponent of Marshall. On world which looks to this land for Redskins had first pick in the college March 24, 1961, Udall sent Marshall moral inspiration and restore the faith draft. They got Heisman Trophy a messenger-delivered letter warning of Americans themselves in their own winner Ernie Davis who wanted no him that if he did not integrate the great values and traditions.” part of Marshall. Davis was traded team, the new District of Columbia to Cleveland; in the exchange the stadium might not be available to his Integra ting the R edskins—1961 Redskins received Bobby Mitchell Redskins in the fall. The stadium was Redskins owner George Preston (future Hall of Famer and Redskins’ built on land leased from the National Marshall was proud that his was not assistant general manager) and Park Service. Days earlier, Udall an integrated football team, the only rookie Leroy Jackson, their first black had attached an anti-discrimination one of 14 National Football League players. amendment to rules governing the teams not to hire black players. The Redskins fielded an integrated use of national parks. team in their 25th season. 8 April 1, 2003 © 2002 THE WASHINGTON POST COMPANY NAME ______

Be a Good Sport Read About Sports ON THE WEB Members of a team need to practice their skills and be on time game day. Everyone needs to learn the rules and respect the opponents and officials. ➤ David A. Adler with illustrations by You are captain of your team. As head of the team you have many decisions to Terry Widener. Lou Gehrig: The Luckiest make. What would you do in these situations? Man. Harcourt Brace, 1997. A poignant biography of the legendary Yankee first baseman who in his 14-year 1. At practice, you notice that some people play better than others. Two of your classmates do career set a consecutive game record of not play well at all. Do you think that only the best players should play or should everyone who 2,130 and then benched himself as he comes to practice play on game day? began to feel the effects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the disease which ended his life at age 37. Even at his retirement ceremony “The Iron Horse” pronounced himself “the luckiest man on the face of the earth.” 2. Is it more important to win the game or to have fun? ➤ Robert Burleigh with illustrations by Mike Winmer. Home Run: The Story of Babe Ruth. Harcourt Brace, 1998. Told as a narrative poem, this is a flashback account of Ruth’s career as he prepares to hit a home run. Vintage style 3. Is success winning the game or trying your hardest? reproductions of baseball cards dot the pages and detail his awesome career as “The King of Swat.” ➤ Kathleen Krull with illustrations by David Diaz. Wilma Unlimited: How Wilma 4. If people in the stands boo a player on your team because of a mistake or failure to make a Rudolph Became the World’s Fastest point, what should you do? Runner. Harcourt Brace & Company, 1996. Wilma Rudolph triumphs over the effects of a childhood bout with polio through the attentive care of her family 5. One of the members of your team blames other team members when the team doesn’t score in Clarksville, Tenn., and in 1960 wins a point and he sometimes yells at a referee. What do you think of this behavior? Do you think Olympic gold in Rome as a runner. anything should be done? Bold and striking illustrations show her unbuckling steel braces to walk proudly into church and later star on the basketball court as well as track cinders. ➤ Jean Davies Okimoto with illustrations by Doug Keith. Dear Ichiro. Sasquatch 6. “Sportsman” is defined as “a person who is fair and generous, a good loser and a graceful Books. 2002. winner.” When you lose, how should you treat your opponents? Lessons of tolerance and friendship are learned by eight-year-old Henry at a Seattle baseball game. Henry is determined forever to hate his best friend after they have had a fight. Henry’s great- grandfather, a WWII veteran, cheers the Mariners’ Ichiro and Sasaki and explains that enemies can sometimes become friends again. Volume 1, Issue 7

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His F ir st B yline? In 1924, Young R eporter Shirley Povich Literally Had To Feel It to Believe It

Red Smith, Grantland Rice, Jim Post on August 5, 1924,” wrote Povich. “They simply excerpted my resume Murray and Shirley Povich often top “Bylines were not automatic in that era. from Who’s Who in America, blithely the list of sports columnists and writing Your name didn’t go on a story unless ignoring that I was described therein legends. Povich will always lead The the boss editor decided so. That night as the father of three and husband of Washington Post’s list Norman Baxter said, ‘It’s one. When the publishers apologized, of great sports writers, a nice story, Shirley. I’m I told them I was not in a dither, that columnists and editors. going to put your name I was hearing this was no longer a His career at The Post on it.’ My first byline. man’s world and I was proud to be on spanned 75 years. Wow, was I excited. I the winning side.” His friend, Walter When he was in high didn’t wait for the proofs Cronkite, a regular reader when he school, Povich was to show up from the worked at Channel 9 in Washington “discovered” by Post composing room. I went in the 1950s, telegrammed him to say owner Edward (Ned) down there to see for “Miss Povich, will you marry me?” McLean on a golf course myself, to actually feel Povich supported integration in major in Maine. The son of with my fingers the type league baseball and wrote a 15-part Lithuanian immigrants, that said ‘By Shirley series in 1946—the year prior to Jackie Povich helped his family Povich.’ Reading it, right Robinson becoming the first black by working at the Kebo to left as metal type must player in the major leagues with the Valley Golf Club. In be read by an editor, Brooklyn Dodgers. The series began 1922, Povich’s second was no problem. Those “Four hundred and fifty-five years after year caddying for FILE PHOTO BY RICH LIPSKI—THE WASHING TON PO S T Hebrew lessons paid off.” Columbus eagerly discovered America, McLean, the publisher Oriole Cal Ripken presents In 1926, McLean, major league baseball reluctantly told the 16-year- Post reporter Shirley Povich moving Baxter up to discovered the American Negro.” old his plans. In his a plaque in 1997 a t Oriole managing editor, made George Preston Marshall considered autobiography, Povich Park. Povich threw out the Povich sports editor. At Povich partly to blame when he was shares: “ ‘I want you to c eremonial f ir st pitch. the age of 21, he was the forced to integrate the Redskins. He come with me,’ McLean youngest in the history banned Povich from speaking to his told me. ‘You can go to my college and of any metropolitan newspaper in the players in the locker room for several work on my newspaper in Washington.’ country. In August that same year his years, and once sued Povich and the His college, I learned, was Georgetown long-running column, “This Morning Post for libel. The jury took 20 minutes University and I was learning too that With Shirley Povich” made its debut. to make up its mind, 12-0 against he owned a newspaper called The When, the Redskins won the 1937 Marshall. Washington Post.’ ” title, “beating the Bears, 28-21, on Povich, who wrote his first stories His first day in D.C., Povich caddied an icy field in Chicago where Baugh on a typewriter, appeared as a guest for President Warren G. Harding, a threw three touchdown passes,” Povich speaker on a wide variety of television guest at McLean’s private estate golf was present. “I wrote the lead story, I shows, including a few hosted by his course. The second day, he began work wrote the play-by-play, and I also wrote youngest son Maury and in Ken Burns’s at The Post and enrolled in Georgetown the Povich column,” Povich shared, baseball series on PBS. In 1976, he University. “And send the bills to me,” revealing the way it was in the early was elected to the writers wing of the McLean told him. This turned out to be years. “And for the late edition I also Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown. a wise investment for McLean. ghosted the usual post-game views of He had Baseball Writer’s card No. 1 in In 1924, Post sports editor Norman Sammy Baugh. Just a night’s work on his wallet and covered 60 World Series Baxter offered him $5 more a week the road. I did not feel abused.” and 20 Super Bowls. More than 75 than he was earning as a police reporter Povich got years of enjoyment out of years after he began work at The Post, and night rewrite man. “My first his inclusion in 1958 in the first volume his last column was filed on a laptop important sports story appeared in The of Who’s Who in American Women: from his home the day before he died.

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Classic Sport S tories in the 20th Century

Excerpts from “the first rough draft of history” as reported in The Washington Post provide a glimpse of yesterday’s athletes and sports history. After reading, place the events in the context of the time period. ➤1920 ➤1937 The Post of Oct. 1, 1971, by Myra “Sa y It Ain’t So , Joe” “Slingin’ Samm y Baugh” MacPherson and Tom Huth, staff http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- writers. dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A50122- dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A57227- ➤1972 1999Sep29.html 1999Dec13.html “An Olympic Nightmare” In what became known as the The Boston Redskins became the http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- Black Sox Scandal, eight Chicago Washington Redskins in 1937, and dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A23843- won the NFL championship that White Sox players were accused of 1999Sep6.html same year. “Slingin’ Sammy” Baugh, deliberately losing the 1919 World A terrorist attack at the 1972 who actually got his nickname Series against the Cincinnati Reds Olympic Games in Munich resulted from an earlier incarnation as a in return for cash from a gambling in the murder of 11 Israeli athletes. baseball player, became a local hero syndicate. “Say it ain’t so, Joe,” a While the games did continue after and led the Redskins to another tearful boy reportedly exclaimed to the horrific events, they were a championship in 1942. He retired his hero, “Shoeless” Joe Jackson, one subdued affair, with most of the after 16 seasons in 1952. An excerpt of the most famous of the accused. spirit of international competition from The Post of Dec. 13, 1937, by An excerpt from The Post of Sept. 29, evaporated. Two excerpts from The Shirley Povich, staff correspondent 1920, by the Associated Press. Post of Sept. 6, 1972, by William who captures the Redskins’ first taste ➤ Gildea, staff writer. 1924 of glory. “L ove T hem Na ts” ➤1975 ➤1971 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- “Ashe A c es W imbledon” dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A42957- “Farewell to the Sena tor s” http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- 1999Oct11.html dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A99031- dyn/education/kidspost/nie/A3159- Sportswriting bordering on 1999Jul6.html 1999Oct1.html hagiography characterized The Post’s Arthur Ashe was 10 years older The mayhem of the Washington coverage of the final game of the 1924 than Jimmy Connors when he Senators’ last game at RFK World Series between the Washington defeated him to become the first black Stadium—in which screaming fans Nationals and the New York Giants. men’s champion at Wimbledon in rushed the field, forcing the team to (The Washington team changed 1975. He retired from competition in forfeit its last contest before owner its name from the Senators to the 1980, and in 1987 wrote A Hard Road Robert Short moved the team to Nationals from 1905 to 1956, then to Glory, a history of black athletes in Arlington, Tex.—was a dark ending changed it back to the Senators.) An America. An excerpt from The Post of for one of baseball’s most forlorn and excerpt from The Post of Oct. 11, July 6, 1975, by Barry Lorge, special storied franchises. An excerpt from 1924, by N.W. Baxter, sports editor. to the Washington Post.

Ton y Kornheiser on Shirley Povich felt the blade, you only sa w the blood. I ha ve been blessed in my career to ha ve worked alongside the two I adored them bo th, and tried to c opy their styles. People o ften f inest sport s c olumnist s o f all time, R ed Smith and Shirley Povich. I said, c orrectly, tha t I c ouldn’t even carry their typewriter s. But in fact worked with R ed a t The New York Times, and with Shirley a t The Post. I ha ve. There were da ys when I carried R ed’s typewriter up the steps They were elegant writer s and urb ane men, impeccably dressed and to the press box in Yankee S t adium and She a. I ha ve carried Shirley’s unfailingly polite. Gentlemen and scholar s. Their skills with wor ds and typewriter out to the car from the press box a t the P re akness and RFK. logic were so sharp tha t when they took you ap art in print, you never I felt honored to do it. 11 April 1, 2003 © 2002 THE WASHINGTON POST COMPANY Volume 1, Issue 7

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YOU and YOUR RIGHTS The Athlete as Role Model: Sportsmanship and the Extent to Which Athletes Must Speak

Fo r m e r N B A p l aye r C h a rl e s Ba rk l e y b e i n g w i t h d rawn . T h e N B A d i s t a n c e d well - ro u n d e d s o c i e t y, a n d a l l we n t o n has often asserted professional athletes i t s elf f ro m t h e C D, b u t n o t f ro m o n e o f t o s u c c e s s f u l s e c o n d c a re e rs . B u t t h e y s h o u l d n o t b e v i ewe d a s ro l e m o d els . i t s b e s t a n d m o s t v i s i b l e p l aye rs , w h o we re n o t p a r t i c u l a rl y o u t s p o ke n d u r i n g H e re a s o n s t h a t m o s t p ro f e s s i o n a l wa s n o t ver y c o n t r i t e a b o u t t h e a f f a i r. t h e i r p l ayi n g c a re e rs , c o n s c i o u s l y a t h l e t e s a re k n own o n l y for a s i n g l e C o m p a re d t o I vers o n’s c o n d u c t, t h e av oiding contro v ersy beyond the s k i l l o r s e t o f s k i l l s t h a t d o e s n o t b ehav i o r o f for m e r N B A s t a r D e n n i s i n t e g ra t i o n i t s elf ( t h o u g h Ro b i n s o n c o r re s p o n d t o a n y m o ra l a u t h o r i t y. H e Ro d m a n o r for m e r N F L q u a r t e rb a c k wo u l d b e c o m e i n c re a s i n g l y o u t s p o ke n h a s n o t e d t h a t m a n y o f t h e b e s t k n own Ji m M c M a h o n s e e m s s i l l y. O f f c o u r t, d u r i n g t h e c o u rs e o f h i s c a re e r ) . athletes, including Dennis Rodman, Ro d m a n’s n u m e ro u s i n t e r v i ews T h e p l aye rs w h o i n t e g ra t e d t e a m Tonya Harding, and himse lf, are as we ll re v ealed a man giv en too much s p o r t s s e t a s t a n d a rd for a ro l e m o d el k n own for t h e i r m i s d e e d s a s t h e y a re m e d i a a tt e n t i o n w h o s e e f for t s t o b e w h o l e a d s b y exa m p l e ra t h e r t h a n for t h e i r a t h l e t i c a c c o m p l i s h m e n t s . c o n t rovers i a l o c c a s i o n a l l y b a c k f i re d , words. Base ball stars from Willie Even w h e n a n a t h l e t e ’s v i s i b i l i t y s u c h a s w h e n h e a tt r i b u t e d h i s p o o r M ays a n d Ro b e r t o C l e m e n t e , t o I c h i ro re s u l t s f ro m m i s d e e d s , a t h l e t e s h ave p l ay i n U t a h t o M o r m o n s . M c M a h o n Su z u k i a n d Ku r t A b b o tt, u n d e r m i n e d long serv ed as role mode ls. Fans ma y exe m p l i f i e d t h e t y p e o f a t h l e t e f avore d stereotypes about African-Americans, a tt a c h g re a t we i g h t t o a n a t h l e t e ’s b y t h e m e d i a : t h e “b a d b oy” w h o H i s p a n i c s , Jap a n e s e , a n d p e o p l e w i t h o p i n i o n s , a n d yo u n ge r f a n s o f t e n c o m m i t s n o t r u l y d e s p i c a b l e a c t s , a n d d i sa b i l i t i e s . C l e m e n t e ’s s elfl e s s p l ay c o n s c i o u s l y m i m i c a t h l e t e s . Ba rk l e y’s t e n d s t o m a ke q u o t a b l e c o m m e n t s , o n t h e f i eld — a n d h i s d e a t h i n t h e c r i t i c i s m o f m e d i a a tt e n t i o n t o a t h l e t e s w h i c h i n M c M a h o n’s c a s e c e n t e re d o n c ra s h o f a p l a n t h a t wa s t ra n s p o r t i n g i s s u p p o r t e d b y t h e i n c re a s i n g m e d i a t h e c o n t rovers i a l n a t u re o f h i s s p i ke d reli e f s u p p l i e s t o e a r t h q u a ke v i c t i m s co v erage giv en to numerous athletes, h a i r a n d p i e rc e d e a r. W h i l e I vers o n’s i n N i c a ra gua — i l l u s t ra t e d t h e i d e a l even w h e n t h e i r c o m m e n t s we re n e ga t i ve i m a ge u n d e r m i n e s t h e m o ra l s p o r t s ro l e m o d el l e a d i n g b y exa m p l e . u n i m p o r t a n t, u n i for m e d o r o u t r i g h t we i g h t o f h i s wo rd s , t h e s elf -c o n s c i o u s M o re re c e n t l y, c h a r i t a b l e wo rks o f N B A o f f e n s i ve. D u r i n g h i s e n t i re c a re e r, fl a m b oya n c e i n t h e wo rd s o f Ro d m a n , p l aye rs D av i d Ro b i n s o n a n d D i ke m b e b a s eba l l g re a t Ty C o b b s p o u t e d o f f McMahon, and many other athletes M u t u m b o a n d for m e r N F L p l aye r ra c i s t d o g m a , w h i c h ra rely m a d e i t o f f e r o n l y a s u p e r f i c i a l ro l e a f t e r w h i c h Reg gie White e xemplify this mode l. i n t o p r i n t. G o n e a re t h e d ays w h e n a n to mode l. T h e c o m m u n a l n a t u re o f t e a m s p o r t s a t h l e t e ’s a c t u a l wo rd s a re re c o rd e d . i s well - m a t c h e d t o s u c h n o b l e l e a d e rs I n s t e a d , a s p o r t s w r i t e r’s m o re a r t i c u l a t e Act i o n s R ath e r Tha n S p e e c h w h o a re s i l e n t o n p o l i t i c a l i s s u e s , b u t a n d g ra m m a t i c a l l y c o r re c t wo rd s a re Barkley’s candor, rare in sports world, t h i s i m a ge wa s n o t c o n f i n e d t o t e a m often substituted. h a s e a r n e d h i m a k i n d o f re s p e c t t h a t s p o r t s . Jes s e O we n s wo n fou r go l d A l l e n I vers o n i s o n e o f t h e N B A’s h i s a t h l e t i c a b i l i t y c o u l d n o t, m a k i n g m e d a l s a t t h e 1 9 3 6 O l y m p i c s , a n d Jo e m o s t h i g h - p ro f i l e p l aye rs , d e s p i t e h i m a ro l e m o d el w h o p u t s p ro f e s s i o n a l L o u i s t o o k t h e h e av y we i g h t b ox i n g h i s re p u t a t i o n for s elf i s h n e s s a n d a t h l e t i c s i n t o p e rs p e c t i ve. C e r t a i n l y t i t l e f ro m t h e G e r m a n c h a m p i o n i n d i s re s p e c t for r u l e s . I vers o n i s n o o t h e r a t h l e t e s h ave s e r ved s u c c e s s f u l l y 1 9 3 8 . C h a m p i o n s O we n s a n d L o u i s f r i e n d o f t h e m e d i a , w h i c h h a s a s ro l e m o d els , a n d i n t h e p revi o u s i n s p i re d p e o p l e w i t h o u t wo rd s , s c o r i n g re p o r t e d a l i t a n y o f c r i m i n a l c h a rge s century, African-American athletes m o ra l v i c t o r i e s a ga i n s t f avore d G e r m a n h e h a s f a c e d s i n c e h e wa s a t e e n a ge r. p i o n e e r i n g t h e i n t e g ra t i o n o f s p o r t s o p p o n e n t s a n d i t s s o-c a l l e d ra c i a l H i s ra re i n t e r v i ews p ro d u c e l i tt l e i n s p i re d o t h e rs f a c i n g i n s t i t u t i o n a l s u p e r i o r i t y. A l t h e a G i b s o n p i o n e e re d contro v ersy though, and his negativ e ra c i s m . M u l t i - t a l e n t e d a t h l e t e s Pau l i n t e g ra t i o n o f wo m e n’s t e n n i s i n t h e i m a ge l i kely m i n i m i z e s h i s p ro d u c t Ro b e s o n ( c o l l e ge foo t b a l l ) , Wo o d y 1 9 5 0 s , l e tt i n g h e r s u c c e s s f u l p l ay s p e a k e n d o rs e m e n t v i s i b i l i t y. N o n e t h ele s s , S t ro d e ( p ro f e s s i o n a l foo t b a l l ) , a n d f or her. when he re leased a rap CD, negativ e Jac k i e Ro b i n s o n ( p ro f e s s i o n a l b a s eba l l ) T h e re a re m a n y re a s o n s a n a t h l e t e m e d i a c overa ge o f h i s h o m o p h o b i c a n d d i d m o re t h a n j u s t i n t e g ra t e , t h e y ma y not speak out. Some ma y want m i s o g y n i s t i c l y r i c s re s u l t e d i n t h e C D p ro m o t e d a t h l e t i c s a s releva n t t o a t o p o s i t i vely re p re s e n t a m a rg i n a l i z e d

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An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program g ro u p o r p re s e r ve t e a m h a r m o n y. So m e star Jim Bro wn was re lativ e ly a t h l e t e s a n d p u t p re s s u re o n t h e m a j o r ma y hav e nothing to sa y on the subject o u t s p o ke n a n d fl a m b oya n t i n h i s s p o r t s l e a gue s t o b e m o re p ro a c t i ve o r n o d e s i re t o voi c e o p i n i o n s o n t h e p l ayi n g d ays , b u t n o t p a r t i c u l a rl y a b o u t i n t e r ven t i o n . s u b j e c t. So m e m ay d e s i re t o p ro j e c t p o l i t i c a l . A f t e r h e re t i re d , h i s So m e a t h l e t e s h ave p u rs u e d c a re e rs i n a n i m a ge t h a t d o e s n o t i n t i m i d a t e f a n s o u t s p o ke n n e s s d evelo p e d a p o l i t i c a l s p o r t s m a n a ge m e n t a n d h ave t e m p e re d o r d i s c o u ra ge p ro d u c t e n d o rs e m e n t s . e d ge , a n d h e b e c a m e a l e a d i n g t h e i r o u t s p o ke n n e s s w i t h a d e s i re t o M o s t p ro f e s s i o n a l a t h l e t e s f a l l i n t o p ro p o n e n t for e c o n o m i c s elf - s u f f i c i e n c y i n fl u e n c e f ro m t h e i n s i d e . H a n k A a ro n , o n e o r m o re o f t h e s e c a t e go r i e s . W h a t in the African-American community. Fra n k Ro b i n s o n a n d B i l l W h i t e u s e d m o t i va t e s a n a t h l e t e t o s p e a k o u t o n B y c o n t ra s t, for m e r foo t b a l l s t a r B i l l t h e i r p o s i t i o n s w i t h b a s eba l l t e a m s o r a n i s s u e t h a t m o s t d o n o t, a n d s h o u l d Ru s s ell , a l ways m o re p h i l o s o p h i c a l w i t h M a j o r L e a gue Ba s eba l l t o p ro m o t e w h a t t h e y say m a tt e r ? W h a t h a p p e n s t o t h a n p o l i t i c a l , c a m e i n t o t h e N B A w i t h t e a m own e rs h i p b y b l a c ks a n d m o re a n a t h l e t e i f s h e i s t o o for t h r i g h t ? well - for m e d v i ews o n ra c e , c o m m e n t i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s for b l a c k m a n a ge rs e a rl y i n h i s c a re e r, “T h e b a s i c p ro b l e m a n d exe c u t i ves . O t h e r a t h l e t e s l e f t Wha t Do A thlet es Ha ve t o Sa y? A thlet es i n N e g ro A m e r i c a i s t h e d e s t r u c t i o n o f c a re e rs i n s p o r t s t o p u rs u e p o l i t i c s . Who Spe ak A ft er T heir Car eer s End race pride. One could sa y we hav e been B i l l B ra d l e y, To m M c M i l l a n , J. C . Wa tt s O n t h e ro a d t o s u c c e s s , a t h l e t e s a re v i c t i m s o f p s yc h o l o g i c a l wa r f a re , i n a a n d S t eve L a rge n t re p re s e n t l i b e ra l o r m a n a ge d b y a s u c c e s s i o n o f p a re n t s , s e n s e , i n t h a t t h i s i s a w h i t e c o u n t r y, conservativ e vie ws in go v ernment that c o a c h e s , a ge n t s , m a n a ge rs a n d a n d a l l t h e e m p h a s i s i s o n b e i n g w h i t e . ” t h e y we re n o t p a r t i c u l a rl y k n own for p u b l i c i s t s . M u c h o f a n a t h l e t e ’s p u b l i c Since his retirement, he has large ly d u r i n g t h e i r p l ayi n g d ays . i m a ge m ay b e a c re a t i o n o f o n e o r m o re s n u b b e d t h e b a s ke t b a l l p owe r s t r u c t u re o f t h e s e h a n d l e rs . T h e rewa rd s o f f e re d h e s o o p e n l y d i s t r u s t s , a n d h e i s n ow a s A thlet es Who Spe ak During T heir o n t h e l a d d e r o f s u c c e s s — s c h o l a rs h i p s , i nv i s i b l e a s B rown i s v i s i b l e . Car eer s t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o p l ay p ro f e s s i o n a l l y, So m e a t h l e t e s s p e a k o u t a f t e r t h e i r D u r i n g t h e 1 9 6 0 s a n d 1 9 7 0 s , a t h l e t e s p ro d u c t e n d o rs e m e n t s — m ay d e p e n d c a re e rs e n d t o avoi d h a r m i n g t h e i r b e c a m e i n c re a s i n g l y voc a l a b o u t t h e i r g re a t l y o n a n a t h l e t e ’s w i l l i n g n e s s t o careers. Former Ne w York Yankees e c o n o m i c r i g h t s . T h ro u g h t h i s s elf - p ro j e c t a c e r t a i n i m a ge : i n t e re s t i n g p i t c h e r Ji m Bo u t o n w ro t e a t ell - a l l b o o k i n t e re s t, p e rh a p s i n s p i re d b y c i v i l r i g h t s but not contro v ersial. This ma y he lp a b o u t h i s p l ayi n g d ays . Re ga rd l e s s o f m ovem e n t s o f t h e t i m e , p ro f e s s i o n a l exp l a i n w h y m a n y p l aye rs d e f e r t h e i r his reasons f or doing so, his re v e lations a t h l e t e s a s a g ro u p we re p o l i t i c i z e d o u t s p o ke n n e s s u n t i l a f t e r t h e i r p l ayi n g a b o u t s ex, a l c o h o l , p re s c r i p t i o n d r u gs t o a d e g re e n o t p revi o u s l y s e e n . c a re e rs e n d . a n d o t h e r s u b j e c t s t o o k b a s eba l l o f f i t s Re c o g n i z i n g t h e i r b a rga i n i n g s t re n g t h Jac k i e Ro b i n s o n b ro ke M a j o r L e a gue p e d e s t a l a n d e a r n e d h i m t h e e n m i t y b o t h a s l a b o r a n d p ro d u c t, p ro f e s s i o n a l Ba s eba l l ’s ra c e b a r r i e r i n 1 9 4 7 . I n h i s o f t h e s p o r t. Fo r m e r foo t b a l l p l aye r b a s eba l l , foo t b a l l , b a s ke t b a l l a n d h o c ke y 1 0 - ye a r c a re e r, h e p u t a n a r t i c u l a t e Dav e Kopa y’s 1975 biography about p l aye rs for m e d a n d s t re n g t h e n e d u n i o n s voi c e a n d n o n -c o n f ro n t a t i o n a l f a c e o n b e i n g a gay p ro f e s s i o n a l foo t b a l l p l aye r t o n e go t i a t e a g re a t e r p e rc e n t a ge o f t h e i n t e g ra t i o n o f b a s eba l l . D u r i n g h i s a d d re s s e d a s u b j e c t t h a t wa s t a b o o t h e n re v enue. From this era, a generation of c a re e r, Ro b i n s o n s t a r re d i n a m ovi e a n d i s s t i l l t o d ay. pla yers emerged that was not afraid to o f h i s s t o r y t h a t wa s f ra n k i n i t s O n e m e m o ra b l y o u t s p o ke n b i o g ra p h y q u e s t i o n t e a m m a n a ge m e n t o r c o n f ro n t p o r t raya l o f ra c i s m , b u t h i s p o l i t i c a l wa s t h a t o f for m e r b a s eba l l p i t c h e r t h e l e a gue a s a w h o l e o n i s s u e s ra n g i n g l e a d e rs h i p q u a l i t i e s e m e rge d a f t e r h e Doc Ellis, which included, among f ro m sa l a r i e s a n d c o m p e n sa t i o n t o re t i re d a n d a c c e p t e d a p o s i t i o n w i t h o t h e r revela t i o n s , t h e a d m i s s i o n t h a t l e a gue d r u g p o l i c i e s a n d t re a t m e n t o f t h e N A AC P. I n t h e 1 9 6 0 s , Ro b i n s o n h e h a d b e e n o n L S D w h e n h e p i t c h e d p l aye r i n j u r i e s . c a m p a i g n e d for b l a c k c i v i l r i g h t s , h i s 1 9 7 0 n o- h i tt e r. E l l i s i s j o i n e d b y A m i l e s t o n e i n a t h l e t i c e m p owe r m e n t a n d h i s i n d e p e n d e n c e o f t h o u g h t wa s for m e r L o s A n gele s D o d ge r M a u r y wa s t h e for m a t i o n o f t h e A s s o c i a t i o n d e m o n s t ra t e d b y h i s o c c a s i o n a l s u p p o r t Wi l l s a n d for m e r N B A a n d U n i vers i t y o f Te n n i s P ro f e s s i o n a l s i n 1 9 6 9 . To p o f Re p u b l i c a n c a n d i d a t e s h e t h o u g h t o f M a r yl a n d s t a r Jo h n L u c a s w h o s e t e n n i s p l aye rs , l e d b y A r t h u r A s h e , m o re s y m p a t h e t i c t o t h e p l i g h t o f confessional stories about their drug u s e d t h e i r p o s i t i o n a s b o t h t h e p ro d u c t b l a c ks i n A m e r i c a . abuse undermined the atmosphere s o l d a n d a s f re e a ge n t s , a n d wo n a O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , for m e r foo t b a l l o f d e n i a l re ga rd i n g d r u g u s e a m o n g g re a t e r p e rc e n t a ge o f p ro f i t s a n d

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An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program g re a t e r c o n t ro l o f t h e i r s p o r t. T h a t p r i n c i p l e d p o s i t i o n n e a rl y c o s t h i m m a n a ge m e n t, o r s p o r t s e c o n o m i c s , same year, Ashe was denied a visa to h i s c a re e r, w h i c h h e saved b y f i n a l l y b u t n e i t h e r Jo rd a n n o r t h e N B A a re p l ay i n So u t h A f r i c a b e c a u s e h e wa s a g re e i n g t o s t a n d a n d c h a n t p raye rs . interested in discussing non-basketball African-American. He used the denial D u r i n g t h e 1 9 6 8 O l y m p i c s , To m m y issues. t o d raw a tt e n t i o n t o a p a r t h e i d i n So u t h Sm i t h a n d Jo h n C a rl o s , t h e U. S . T h e l i s t o f a t h l e t e s w h o c r i t i c i z e A f r i c a , e n c o u ra g i n g f ell ow a t h l e t e s t o w i n n e rs o f go l d a n d b ro n z e m e d a l s i n U. S . e c o n o m i c s , fore i g n p o l i c y b oyc o tt i n t e r n a t i o n a l s p o r t i n g even t s t h e 2 0 0 m e t e r ra c e , ra i s e d b l a c k- g l oved o r ra c e rela t i o n s a n d s t i l l re c e i ve t h a t i n c l u d e d So u t h A f r i c a . A s h e f i s t s d u r i n g t h e m e d a l awa rd c e re m o n y. p ro d u c t e n d o rs e m e n t s i s v i r t u a l l y n ever c e a s e d t o s p e a k o u t, a n d w h e n T h e re h a d b e e n c a l l s for a b oyc o tt n o n -exi s t e n t. C o l l e ge a t h l e t e s w h o h e c o n t ra c t e d A I D S f ro m a b l o o d o f t h e ga m e s b y A f r i c a n A m e r i c a n c r i t i c i z e t h e i r a t h l e t i c p ro g ra m o f t e n t ra n s f u s i o n , h e a c t i vely p ro m o t e d a t h l e t e s . Sm i t h a n d C a rl o s c h o s e h ave s c h o l a rs h i p s w i t h d rawn , w h i c h A I D S awa re n e s s . H e i s re m e m b e re d i n s t e a d t o exp re s s s y m b o l s o f b o t h m ay a f f e c t t h e i r c h a n c e s o f b e c o m i n g i n R i c h m o n d , Va . , h i s h o m e t own , w i t h e c o n o m i c o p p re s s i o n o f b l a c ks ( t h e y professional athletes. Professional a s t a t u e a l o n g M o n u m e n t Aven u e , wo re n o s h o e s ) a n d b l a c k u n i t y ( t h e athletes who criticize their teams i n t e g ra t i n g t h e aven u e ’s s t a t u e s t h a t ra i s e d f i s t s ) . T h i s rela t i vely i n n o c u o u s o r l e a gue , o r a re t o o o u t s p o ke n o n p revi o u s l y f e a t u re d o n l y C o n f e d e ra t e ge s t u re d rew s u p p o r t f ro m t h e s i l ver p o l i t i c a l o r s o c i a l i s s u e s , m ay s o o n generals. m e d a l i s t ( a w h i t e Au s t ra l i a n ) a n d o t h e r b e u n e m p l oye d . At h l e t e s w h o a d m i t O t h e r a t h l e t e s w h o s p o ke u p d u r i n g p ro m i n e n t a t h l e t e s . I t a l s o e a r n e d t h e m t o b e i n g d i f f e re n t — w h e t h e r b y t h i s e ra d i d n o t f a re s o well . I n 1 9 6 4 , a s u s p e n s i o n f ro m t h e U. S . t e a m . s exu a l o r i e n t a t i o n , p h ys i c a l o r m e n t a l h e av y we i g h t b ox i n g c h a m p i o n C a s s i u s Te n n i s s t a r M a r t i n a N av ra t i l ova d i sa b i l i t y, reli g i o u s b eli e f , p o l i t i c a l C l ay p u b l i c l y c o nver t e d t o I s l a m a n d h a s a l ways b e e n o u t s p o ke n , b u t n o a d h e re n c e , o r w h a t ever — r i s k b e i n g b e c a m e M u h a m m a d A l i . I n 1 9 6 7 , h e m o re s o t h a n n u m e ro u s o t h e r t o p o s t ra c i z e d f ro m a n i n d u s t r y t h a t d e s i re s re f u s e d i n d u c t i o n i n t o t h e A r m y, c i t i n g a t h l e t e s . W h i l e t e n n i s , n o t h e r s exu a l conf ormity and shies a wa y from de bate reli g i o u s b eli e f s . H e wa s s u b s e q u e n t l y o r i e n t a t i o n , i s ge n e ra l l y t h e foc u s o f a n d c o n t rovers y w h e re p o s s i b l e . c o nv i c t e d a n d s e n t e n c e d t o f i ve ye a rs N av ra t i l ova ’s c o m m e n t s , s h e m a ke s The re wards are great f or the silent i m p r i s o n m e n t ( l a t e r over t u r n e d b y t h e n o a tt e m p t t o d e n y h e r l e s b i a n i s m . a t h l e t e , a s Jo rd a n , Wo o d s a n d o t h e r Su p re m e C o u r t ) , a n d h e wa s forc e d t o I n re c e n t ye a rs , p e rh a p s n o o t h e r superstars kno w we ll. The e xperiences retire f or two years in the prime of his a t h l e t e h a s a c h i eved s u c h re c o g n i t i o n o f A l i , N av ra t i l ova , H o d ge s , To m m y c a re e r. I n 1 9 7 1 , o t h e r w i s e s o f t- s p o ke n unaccompanied by a comparable le v e l Sm i t h , C a rl o s a n d A b d u l - R a u f s e n d a b a s ke t b a l l M V P L ew A l c i n d o r c h a n ge d o f e n d o rs e m e n t s . C ra i g H o d ge s , a p owe r f u l m e s sa ge t o a t h l e t e s a b o u t h i s n a m e t o K a re e m A b d u l -Jab b a r, a n d for m e r t e a m m a t e o f M i c h a el Jo rd a n , t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f a r t i c u l a t i n g yo u r m a n y i n s p o r t s h ave s i n c e b e e n p u b l i c c r i t i c i z e d Jo rd a n’s s i l e n c e o n A f r i c a n - c o n s c i e n c e . To d ay, a s a l ways , a n a t h l e t e i n t h e i r a d h e re n c e t o I s l a m a n d , i n A m e r i c a n i s s u e s fol l owi n g t h e L o s s p e a ks a t h i s o r h e r own r i s k . m o re re c e n t ye a rs , t o C h r i s t i a n i t y. Ange les riots in 1991. The f ollo wing I n 1 9 6 5 , t h e s p o r t s wo rl d l a rgely year he was out of the NBA f or good respected J e wish base ball star Sandy a f t e r h av i n g p l aye d a va l u a b l e ro l e o n a A B O U T T H E AU T H O R Ko u f a x ’s d e c i s i o n n o t t o p i t c h i n a championship team. Wil l i a m Kam e n s , a s e con d -year l aw s t u d e n t World Series game that fe ll on Yom at Wa s h i n g to n C o l l e g e of L aw, i s t h e e d i to r - i n - K i p p u r. I n 1 9 9 6 , M a h m o u d A b d u l - R a u f Wha t Is a t S t ake When an A thlet e c h i e f of t h e A m e r i c a n U n i ve rsi ty L aw Rev i ew ( for m e rl y C h r i s Jac ks o n ) s u f f e re d a n Spe ak s? a n d teac h e s “ We t h e Stu d e n ts” at C a rdozo N B A s u s p e n s i o n a n d verb a l a b u s e f ro m T h e m o s t w i d ely k n own n a m e s High S chool. f a n s a f t e r re f u s i n g t o s t a n d for t h e i n U. S . s p o r t s i n re c e n t ye a rs a re N a t i o n a l A n t h e m , c i t i n g h i s reli g i o u s M i c h a el Jo rd a n a n d Ti ge r Wo o d s . b eli e f s . Even M u s l i m N B A s t a r H a ke e m Jo rd a n a n d Wo o d s s h a re t wo o t h e r O l a j u wa n a d m o n i s h e d h i m . T h e N B A c h a ra c t e r i s t i c s , t h e i r l a rge p ro d u c t t o l e ra t e s a l l m a n n e r o f h o rs e p l ay e n d o rs e m e n t i n c o m e a n d t h e i r s i l e n c e d u r i n g t h e A n t h e m , a s l o n g a s a p l aye r o n p o l i t i c a l a n d s o c i a l i s s u e s . Jo rd a n s t a n d s d u r i n g i t s d eli ver y. A b d u l - R a u f’s c a n b e q u i t e c r i t i c a l o f p l aye rs , c o a c h e s ,

Sportsmanship and the Extent to Which Athletes Must Speak Rate the following issues on the basis of relative importance to you and then the relative risk of an athlete (to lose his or her job, to miss out on endorsements, etc.) speaking on this issue. Relative risk on a scale of Rank in Order of 1-5 (1=no risk, 3= moderate Importance (1-24) risk, and 5= high risk) A coach supplying steroids to players A coach supplying amphetamines to players A coach supplying pain killers to players A coach molesting a student/athlete A coach having sex with a student/athlete A coach giving money to a student in violation of school rules An athletic department supporter giving money to a student in violation of school rules A professional player using steroids or other performance enhancement supplements (Think about whether it makes a difference if the supplement is proven to be harmful.) A player or manager betting on sports A player or manager betting on their own team A player or manager betting against their own team A teammate abusing his spouse A teammate abusing cocaine A teammate abusing marijuana A teammate abusing alcohol A college teammate cheating on an exam to remain eligible for athletics Inequity of pay in professional sports Treatment of sports injuries Lack of pay in college/high school sports Issues of gender Issues of sexual orientation Issues of race Economic issues Foreign Policy Issues

YOU and YOUR RIGHTS The Marshall-Brennan Fellowship Program at American University’s Washington College of Law trains talented upper-level law students to teach a unique course on constitutional rights and responsibilities to hundreds of students in Washington, D.C. area public high schools. For more information about the program, please contact Michelle Carhart, program coordinator, at [email protected]. For curricular information or information on how to get involved, please contact Maryam Ahranjani, academic coordinator, at [email protected]. Volume 1, Issue 7

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An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

YOU and YOUR RIGHTS The Athlete as Role Model: Sportsmanship and the Extent to Which Athletes Must Speak

Questions for Discussion

1. What was your criteria in deciding the order of importance of the issues on the list?

2. How did you assess relative risk? Should we be concerned about whether an athlete will miss out on endorsements

on the basis of important speech? In other words, is an athlete’s job to play sports or to make money through

endorsements and memorabilia, or both?

3. Should the celebrity of an athlete make that athlete’s opinion more important? Compare with the celebrity of a film

or music star.

4. Does it make a difference if the athlete speaking out plays a team rather than an individual sport?

5. Should players’ unions develop social or political policy positions beyond those directly affecting their sport?

6. Should professional athletes be more involved with the welfare of high school and college athletes?

7. Do sports fans want their favorite athletes to offer opinions on political or social issues? Does that matter?

8. Does the First Amendment require that an athlete speak?

9. Does the First Amendment protect an athlete’s right to speak?

10. Does the First Amendment protect an athlete’s right not to speak?

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An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

SALLY JENKINS Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Nothingness Au g. 1 8 , 2 0 0 2 responded as if he had never once harder. It’s not. It’s only more rare; not hen, exactly, did athletes abdicate contemplated anything more serious everyone can do it. Being a professional Wtheir citizenship? There is private than the flight of a dimpled ball. athlete is certainly no harder than life and there is public life, and we all “They’re entitled to set up their own being, say, a farmer, for whom life and share a public responsibility, except, rules the way they want them,” he said. work are indistinguishable. it seems, for those separate-status “It would be nice to see everyone have The real problem is that Woods has citizens typified by Tiger Woods. It’s an equal chance to participate if they to be able to argue from principle here, not Woods’s job to get Martha Stewart wanted to, but there is nothing you and he can’t. Every time he and his a membership at male-only Augusta can do about it.” When a hue and cry peers play at Augusta it’s a televised National. But surely we can hope arose that he had virtually endorsed advertisement that segregation is still that when asked, Woods, a Stanford- segregation, Woods added a meek little permitted if you can make the greens educated 26-year-old, would form a note on his Web site saying he would fees. What’s more, Woods has made a reasonable reply on the subject of like to see women members at Augusta, Nike commercial about how country discrimination. And not just for his own home of The Masters, “but I’m only one clubs exclude him for his color. sake. voice.” Too many athlete-abdicators have Increasingly, some of our most The question I mean to address been told by their advisers to duck prominent athletes don’t seem to live is not gender segregation, the right issues in order to preserve their status in this country so much as they merely to assemble or exclude. Rather, why as popular corporate pitchmen. I asked maintain residency in it, usually in a tax should athletes be exempt from basic an agent where he stood on athletes haven (frequently Orlando). Athletes civic discourse simply by virtue of what taking public stances. “I would never are skilled corporate pitchmen, they they do? counsel it,” he says. “When you state work in a media-created industry and Athletes invariably take refuge in an opinion you only make people mad. most of them have been exposed to one of two positions, either they aren’t Look, these athletes get paid to appeal college campuses. Yet they contrive to qualified to comment, or it’s not their to the masses. There’s no up side to it.” make themselves seem poorly informed, job. But they are qualified - as qualified This is not just evasive, it’s if not stupid. as you or me to read and think about corrosive. Every year at this time, This is not intended to condemn the world around us. When they don’t, my mind wanders back to the PGA all athletes, some of whom are great the accompanying message is, “It’s Championship at Shoal Creek in activists in their communities, such not my business.” But it’s everybody’s Birmingham. It wasn’t until 1990 that as David Robinson, Andre Agassi and business. Sports do not exist apart the governing bodies of golf addressed Dikembe Mutumbo. However, ask a from the problems of the world; in fact country club racism, and then only golfer in the PGA Championship this they are rife with the problems of the because it was mortified into it when weekend to comment on the issue of world: labor disputes, drug testing it was revealed that the PGA host club, the day, and more likely than not, the and organized crime, to name a few. Shoal Creek, openly discriminated reply you will get is, “I’m an athlete, not Discrimination is a public issue, and against blacks. During a week of a politician.” This is not an answer— moreover, discrimination at country threatened pickets and corporate it’s a form of civic laziness. clubs is about Woods’s public business, sponsor pullouts, the PGA Tour was The most recent example is Woods’s his industry. aghast to discover that 17 of its 43 stammering and hedging on the subject The suggestion that for athletes primary events were held at all-white of discrimination at country clubs. to display civic responsibility would clubs. Asked during the British Open at compromise their job performance is But when asked to reflect on this Muirfield how he felt about playing at equally bogus. This implies the work state of affairs, the golfers refused. a club that excludes women, Woods that great athletes do is somehow It wasn’t their business, they said.

KLMNO

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

SALLY JENKINS Snapsho t “I play golf, I don’t make policy,” upsetting and interesting that you’ll the late Payne Stewart said. This vote.” attitude, of course, is how a major Harvard’s Tom Sander, executive championship wound up being played director of the Kennedy School of at an all-white club as late as 1990. Government’s seminar on Civic And it’s a perfect example of why Engagement in America, says of everyone, including athletes, should citizenship, “Our vision is threefold. participate in public discourse. First the technical definition of It’s not enough for Woods to residency, second the strength of merely play great golf -- or even to one’s public political participation, establish a youth foundation. These and third is the extent to which one things are rare and commendable, is a social capitalist, a strong builder but they don’t necessarily fulfill the of trust and reciprocity in one’s requirements of good citizenship. community and workplace.” Good citizenship is an old-fashioned In that context, citizenship is term, but it’s regained intellectual a matter of small daily acts, and heat among public policy thinkers. athletes are every bit as obliged as What is the definition of citizenship? you or me to commit them. They The strictest technical interpretation don’t have a special responsibility, but is residency; either you were born they do have “the same responsibility here or you were naturalized. The that others have,” says Sander. Founding Fathers went to great pains What they also have, Sander to ensure the liberty of all citizens suggests, is greater opportunity. A to be merely that, a resident; Tiger small everyday act of citizenship Woods doesn’t have to do anything when committed by Tiger Woods he doesn’t want to do, including has immense power: attending a speak up. rally, voting or just giving blood. “On the other hand it’s also clear “They can be a model for showing the Founding Fathers reflected what a responsible and full life is,” their culture and backgrounds and Sander suggests. The philosophy is had certain expectations, often not unlike that of John Thompson, inarticulated and unexpressed, of when he was the head coach at what people who live together should Georgetown. He used to say of his do,” says Stephen Steinberg, co- star players, “This man will be in the editor of “Discourse in America.” public eye for a long time. People will Basic dialogue is part of citizenship. hang on his every word. I want to be As John Adams wrote to Thomas sure he has something to say.” Jefferson, “You and I ought not to die Athletes should engage in the before we have explained ourselves to American dialogue, even at risk each other.” of being foolish or wrong. When So what constitutes a moderate they abdicate involvement in public definition of citizenship? “If we discussion, what they seem to be FILE PHOTO S Shirley Povich, top, a t age 92 and could get people to vote and read saying is, “Not my problem.” Or, as above a t age 18, on one o f his f ir st the paper,” Steinberg suggests. “And Martin Luther King said, “Those assignments as a city reporter for frankly I’d settle for reading the paper who sit at rest buy their quiet with T he Washington Post in 1923. because if you read it, you’ll find it so disgrace.”