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National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Vol National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Vol. 6: sub-Antarctic Territory National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 TECHNICAL REPORT Volume 6: sub-Antarctic Territory King Penguins on Marion Island in South Africa’s sub-Antarctic Territory. Photo: Otto Whitehead. REPORT NUMBER: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6375 1 National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Vol. 6: sub-Antarctic Territory CITATION FOR THIS REPORT: Whitehead, T.O., Von der Meden, C., Skowno, A.L., Sink, K.J., Van der Merwe, S., Adams, R. and Holness, S. (eds). 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 6: sub-Antarctic Territory. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6375 CHAPTER CITATIONS: Chapter 1: Adams, R., van der Merwe, S., Skowno, A., Sink, K. von der Meden, C., and Whitehead, T.O. 2019. ‘1: Introduction and Approach’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 6: sub-Antarctic Territory. Whitehead, T.O., Von der Meden, C., Skowno, A.L., Sink, K.J., van der Merwe, S., Adams, R. and Holness, S. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 2: von der Meden, C., van der Merwe, S., Adams, R., Dayaram, A., Sink, K., Lombard, A., Bosman, A., Fourie, F., Harris, L., Hedding, D., Holness, S., Majiedt, P., Makhado, A., Meyer, R., Pistorius, P., Reisinger, R., Skowno, A., Somhlaba, S., Swart, S. and Smith, M .2019. ‘2: Ecosystem Classification and Mapping’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 6: sub-Antarctic Territory. Whitehead, T.O., Von der Meden, C., Skowno, A.L., Sink, K.J., van der Merwe, S., Adams, R. and Holness, S. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 3: Skowno, A., Sink, K., Holness, S., Fairweather, T., von der Meden, C., Adams, R. and van der Merwe, S. 2019. ‘3: Ecosystem Assessments’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 6: sub-Antarctic Territory. Whitehead, T.O., Von der Meden, C., Skowno, A.L., Sink, K.J., van der Merwe, S., Adams, R. and Holness, S. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 4: van der Merwe, S., Greve, M., von der Meden, C. and Adams, R. 2019. ‘‘4: Threats in the sub-Antarctic II – Alien and Invasive Species’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 6: sub-Antarctic Territory. Whitehead, T.O., Von der Meden, C., Skowno, A.L., Sink, K.J., van der Merwe, S., Adams, R. and Holness, S. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 5: Whitehead, T.O., van der Merwe, S. and Greve, M. 2019. ‘‘5: Threats in the sub-Antarctic II - Climate Change’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 6: sub-Antarctic Territory. Whitehead, T.O., Von der Meden, C., Skowno, A.L., Sink, K.J., van der Merwe, S., Adams, R. and Holness, S. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 6: Sink, K.J., Whitehead, T.O., van der Merwe, S., Adams, R. and Kirkman, S. 2019. ‘6: Key Findings, Priority Actions and Knowledge Gaps’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 6: sub-Antarctic Territory. Whitehead, T.O., Von der Meden, C., Skowno, A.L., Sink, K.J., van der Merwe, S., Adams, R. and Holness, S. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. This report uses the names of the government departments confirmed in June 2019. Please refer to www.gov.za to see all the changes in government departments and ministries. REVIEWERS: Amanda Lombard (Nelson Mandela University) and Steve Kirkman (Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries) CONTACT PERSON: Dr Kerry Sink South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) PO Box X7, Claremont, 7735 Tel: + 27 21 799 8855 Email: [email protected] 2 National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Vol. 6: sub-Antarctic Territory CITATIONS FOR NBA SYNTHESIS REPORT 2018: For reference in scientific publications Skowno, A.L., Poole, C.J., Raimondo, D.C., Sink, K.J., Van Deventer, H., Van Niekerk, L., Harris, L.R., Smith-Adao, L.B., Tolley, K.A., Zengeya, T.A., Foden, W.B., Midgley, G.F. and Driver, A. 2019. National Biodiversity Assessment 2018: The status of South Africa’s ecosystems and biodiversity. Synthesis Report. South African National Biodiversity Institute, an entity of the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6362 For reference in non-scientific publications South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). 2019. National Biodiversity Assessment 2018: An assessment of South Africa’s ecosystems, species and genes. Synthesis Report. A.L. Skowno, et al., South African National Biodiversity Institute, an entity of the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Pretoria. 3 National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Vol. 6: sub-Antarctic Territory TECHNICAL REPORTS Volume 1. Terrestrial Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B., and Slingsby, J.A. (eds). 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6370 Volume 2. Inland Aquatic (Freshwater) Van Deventer, H., Smith-Adao, L., Collins, N.B., Grenfell, M., Grundling, A., Grundling, P-L., Impson, D., Job, N., Lötter, M., Ollis, D., Petersen, C., Scherman, P., Sieben, E., Snaddon, K., Tererai, F. and Van der Colff, D. 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018: Technical Report. Volume 2: Inland Aquatic (Freshwater) Realm. CSIR report number CSIR/NRE/ECOS/IR/2019/0004/A. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6230 Volume 3. Estuarine Van Niekerk, L., Adams, J.B., Lamberth, S.J., MacKay, F., Taljaard, S., Turpie, J.K., Weerts S. and Raimondo, D.C. (eds). 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018: Technical Report. Volume 3: Estuarine Realm. CSIR report number CSIR/SPLA/EM/EXP/2019/0062/A. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Report Number: SANBI/NAT/NBA2018/2019/Vol3/A. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6373 Volume 4. Marine Sink, K.J., Van der Bank, M.G., Majiedt, P.A., Harris, L., Atkinson, L., Kirkman, S. and Karenyi, N. (eds). 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 4: Marine Realm. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. South Africa. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6372 Volume 5. Coast Harris, L.R., Sink, K.J., Skowno, A.L. and Van Niekerk, L. (eds). 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018: Technical Report. Volume 5: Coast. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6374 Volume 6. sub-Antarctic Territory Whitehead, T.O., Von der Meden, C., Skowno, A.L., Sink, K.J., van der Merwe, S., Adams, R. and Holness, S. (eds). 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 6: sub-Antarctic Territory. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6375 Volume 7. Genetics Tolley, K.A., Da Silva, J.M. and Jansen van Vuuren, B. 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 7: Genetic Diversity. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6376 OTHER ANNEXURES Each technical report listed has a number of annexures such as inventory reports, method explanations, and both spatial and non- spatial datasets, available at http://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org Three other independent annexures exist as supplementary material for NBA 2018: SANBI. 2019. National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Supplementary Material: Compendium of Benefits of Biodiversity. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. SANBI. 2019. South Africa’s National Biodiversity Assessment: Contextual and Operational Framework. Released as supplementary material to the National Biodiversity Assessment 2018. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. SANBI. 2019. National Ecosystem Classification System. Released as supplementary material to the National Biodiversity Assessment 2018. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. 4 National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Vol. 6: sub-Antarctic Territory ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report draws extensively from work conducted by many scientists; Antarctic research programs and institutions both locally and internationally; as well as from the broader National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA) team. A huge debt of thanks is owed to every one of the people who have given their time, expertise and data towards this report. Many people, including co-authors are on this list, and we ask for forgiveness should you not be mentioned specifically by name. Robyn Adams contributed to this report beyond that reflected in authorship and editorial credits. Stephni van der Merwe also went beyond expectations to compile and strengthen the terrestrial assessment. We thank these exceptional interns for compiling this work over two years and for being a consistent focal point that facilitated completion of this work. We thank Charlie von der Meden for his comprehensive efforts leading the ecosystem classification chapter that was the foundation of this assessment. Otto Whitehead is thanked for scientific leadership and leading the editorial team. Andrew Skowno is acknowledged
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