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On the Impact of the Bimodal Oscillating System (Bios) on the Biogeochemistry and Biology of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (Eastern Mediterranean)
Biogeosciences, 7, 3987–3997, 2010 www.biogeosciences.net/7/3987/2010/ Biogeosciences doi:10.5194/bg-7-3987-2010 © Author(s) 2010. CC Attribution 3.0 License. On the impact of the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) on the biogeochemistry and biology of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (Eastern Mediterranean) G. Civitarese1, M. Gaciˇ c´1, M. Lipizer1, and G. L. Eusebi Borzelli2 1Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale – OGS, Dip. di Oceanografia, B.go Grotta Gigante 42/c, 34010 Sgonico (Trieste), Italy 2Telespazio S.p.A., via Tiburtina 965, 00156 Rome, Italy Received: 2 August 2010 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 14 September 2010 Revised: 30 November 2010 – Accepted: 9 December 2010 – Published: 15 December 2010 Abstract. Analysis of 20-year time-series of the vertically 1 Introduction averaged salinity and nutrient data in the Southern Adriatic shows that the two parameters are subject to strong decadal The Southern Adriatic (SA) is a circular basin, the deepest variability. In addition, it is documented that nutrient and part of the Adriatic Sea (∼1250 m deep) (Fig. 1). Its circu- salinity variations are out of phase. Nutrients in the Ionian lation is characterized by a topographically trapped cyclonic and in the Adriatic vary in parallel except that generally the gyre. In its center, the Adriatic Dense Water (AdDW) forma- nutrient content in the Adriatic is lower than in the Ionian, tion takes place via open-ocean winter convection. Salty in- a fact that has been attributed to primary producer consump- termediate water from the Ionian Sea (IS) entering in the SA tion following the winter convective mixing. -
Italy: Delayed Adaptation of Social Institutions to Changes in Family Behaviour
Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary in the population sciences published by the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad-Zuse Str. 1, D-18057 Rostock · GERMANY www.demographic-research.org DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VOLUME 19, ARTICLE 19, PAGES 665-704 PUBLISHED 01 JULY 2008 http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol19/19/ DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.19 Research Article Italy: Delayed adaptation of social institutions to changes in family behaviour Alessandra De Rose Filomena Racioppi Anna Laura Zanatta This publication is part of Special Collection 7: Childbearing Trends and Policies in Europe (http://www.demographic-research.org/special/7/) © 2008 De Rose, Racioppi & Zanatta. This open-access work is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 2.0 Germany, which permits use, reproduction & distribution in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author(s) and source are given credit. See http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/de/ Table of Contents 1 Introduction 666 2 A profile of low fertility 670 3 The proximate determinants of fertility 676 4 Explaining low fertility in Italy: micro and macro determinants 679 5 Societal conditions impacting fertility and family 682 5.1 Lack of labour market flexibility 683 5.2 An unbalanced gender system 687 5.3 The ‘delay syndrome’ 689 5.4 Too much family 690 5.5 Too much Church and too little religiosity 691 6 Family policies 692 6.1 Financial support 693 6.1.1 -
Puglia, Alberobello & Lecce
VBT Itinerary by VBT www.vbt.com Italy: Puglia, Alberobello & Lecce Bike Vacation + Air Package Cycle Puglia the Italian way during our Self-Guided Bicycle Vacation. As you pedal your way past the breathtaking seaside views of Italy’s heel, you’ll have time to linger at waterfront cafés, pause to admire the vistas at sweeping overlooks, and savor every timeless olive grove, swim-worthy seaside cove, ancient watchtower, and dramatic, chalk-white cliff. Your scenic route along the Ionian and Adriatic Seas links stunning historic towns—the island of Gallipoli, seaside Santa Maria di Leuca, and Baroque Lecce. You’ll relax as you spend your restful nights at former palaces, modern hotels, and a historic, restored dry- stone trullo house. Savor Puglia on your own timetable with VBT! 1 / 10 VBT Itinerary by VBT www.vbt.com Cultural Highlights Stay overnight in the dry-stone trulli dwellings of Alberobello, a UNESCO World Heritage site Cycle the Ionian and Adriatic coastlines at your own pace, stopping to explore whatever and whenever you wish Stay in seaside Gallipoli, Santa Maria di Leuca, and Otranto, rich in ancient history and legend Enjoy ample opportunities to swim at sandy beaches and Mediterranean coves tucked under limestone cliffs 2 / 10 VBT Itinerary by VBT www.vbt.com Pedal through timeless villages into the ancient fortified city of Acaya Ride into Lecce, known as the “Florence of the South” for its exuberant Baroque architecture What to Expect This tour offers a combination of easy terrain and moderate hills and is ideal for beginner and experienced cyclists. -
CIESM Congress 2013, Marseille, Article 0191
PHYSICOCHEMICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE ADRIATIC AND THE IONIAN SEAS Ekaterini Souvermezoglou 1* and Evangelia Krasakopoulou 1 1 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Institute of Oceanography - [email protected] Abstract The ability of the Adriatic in renewing the deep waters of the Eastern Mediterranean is investigated in relation to the properties of the LIW entering from the Ionian Sea. This study is based on oxygen and nutrient data collected in the Otranto strait and the surrounding area between 1987 and 2000. Keywords: Oxygen, Nutrients, Intermediate waters, Otranto Strait The Adriatic Sea is a semi-enclosed basin shallow in the north and deep in the south. It communicates with the Ionian Sea thought the Strait of Otranto, a 70 km wide and 800 m deep channel. The general circulation in the Adriatic basin is cyclonic [1] consisting from a rather weak current along the eastern coast (the Eastern Adriatic Current - EAC) and a fast mainly coastal current along the western coast (the West Adriatic current - WAC). The Ionian Sea is a deep (up to 4000m) and wide basin which receives salty and warm waters from the easternmost part of the Mediterranean and fresher and relatively colder water from the western Mediterranean. The EAC bring Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) and Ionian Surface Water (ISW) into the Adriatic [2]. Adriatic is prone to strong winter outbreaks of cold dry northerly winds which induce extended heat losses and evaporation, that drive to deep water formation events. During cold winters and restricted fresh water input, the densest water in the whole of the Mediterranean, the North Adriatic Dense Water (NAdDW) is formed over the shallow northern shelf of the Adriatic [3]. -
United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922
Cover: During World War I, convoys carried almost two million men to Europe. In this 1920 oil painting “A Fast Convoy” by Burnell Poole, the destroyer USS Allen (DD-66) is shown escorting USS Leviathan (SP-1326). Throughout the course of the war, Leviathan transported more than 98,000 troops. Naval History and Heritage Command 1 United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922 Frank A. Blazich Jr., PhD Naval History and Heritage Command Introduction This document is intended to provide readers with a chronological progression of the activities of the United States Navy and its involvement with World War I as an outside observer, active participant, and victor engaged in the war’s lingering effects in the postwar period. The document is not a comprehensive timeline of every action, policy decision, or ship movement. What is provided is a glimpse into how the 20th century’s first global conflict influenced the Navy and its evolution throughout the conflict and the immediate aftermath. The source base is predominately composed of the published records of the Navy and the primary materials gathered under the supervision of Captain Dudley Knox in the Historical Section in the Office of Naval Records and Library. A thorough chronology remains to be written on the Navy’s actions in regard to World War I. The nationality of all vessels, unless otherwise listed, is the United States. All errors and omissions are solely those of the author. Table of Contents 1914..................................................................................................................................................1 -
A/HRC/23/46/Add.3 General Assembly
United Nations A/HRC/23/46/Add.3 General Assembly Distr.: General 30 April 2013 Original: English Human Rights Council Twenty-third session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development Report by the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, François Crépeau Addendum Mission to Italy (29 September–8 October 2012)* ** Summary The Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants conducted a visit to Italy from 29 September to 8 October 2012. He visited Rome, Florence, Palermo, Trapani, Bari and Castel Volturno, and held consultations with Italian Government officials at central and local levels, civil society organizations, and migrants themselves. While recognizing that Italy has developed a large apparatus of laws and policies directed towards managing irregular migration and border management, much remains to be done in order to ensure the full respect for the human rights of migrants. * The summary of the present report is circulated in all official languages. The report itself, which is annexed to the summary, is circulated in the language of submission only. The appendix is circulated as received, in the language of submission only. ** Late submission. GE.13-13480 A/HRC/23/46/Add.3 Annex [English only] Report by the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, François Crépeau, on his mission to Italy (29 September–8 October 2012) Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–4 4 II. General background on Italy and migration: a brief overview ................................ 5–10 4 III. Normative and institutional framework on migration and border management ..... -
Post-Colonial Journeys: Historical Roots of Immigration Andintegration
Post-Colonial Journeys: Historical Roots of Immigration andIntegration DYLAN RILEY AND REBECCA JEAN EMIGH* ABSTRACT The effect ofItalian colonialismon migration to Italy differedaccording to the pre-colonialsocial structure, afactor previouslyneglected byimmigration theories. In Eritrea,pre- colonialChristianity, sharp class distinctions,and a strong state promotedinteraction between colonizers andcolonized. Eritrean nationalismemerged against Ethiopia; thus, nosharp breakbetween Eritreans andItalians emerged.Two outgrowths ofcolonialism, the Eritrean nationalmovement andreligious ties,facilitate immigration and integration. In contrast, in Somalia,there was nostrong state, few class differences, the dominantreligion was Islam, andnationalists opposed Italian rule.Consequently, Somali developed few institutionalties to colonialauthorities and few institutionsprovided resources to immigrants.Thus, Somaliimmigrants are few andare not well integratedinto Italian society. * Direct allcorrespondence to Rebecca Jean Emigh, Department ofSociology, 264 HainesHall, Box 951551,Los Angeles, CA 90095-1551;e-mail: [email protected]. ucla.edu.We would like to thank Caroline Brettell, RogerWaldinger, and Roy Pateman for their helpfulcomments. ChaseLangford made the map.A versionof this paperwas presentedat the Tenth International Conference ofEuropeanists,March 1996.Grants from the Center forGerman andEuropean Studies at the University ofCalifornia,Berkeley and the UCLA FacultySenate supported this research. ComparativeSociology, Volume 1,issue 2 -
Introduction Historical Development of Immigration
I t a l y No. 23 October 2012 Italy Introduction The transformation of the role of Italy from a country of emi- gration par excellence to a country of immigration took place somewhat suddenly from the late 1970s onwards. Especially in the last twenty years, Italy has experienced stronger immi- gration than many other European countries and currently the annual growth rate of the immigrant population is one of the highest in the European Union. Despite its young history of immigration, the country has significant experience regarding migration movements: apart from being one of the world’s largest exporters of manpower in the past, Italy, from the end of the 19th century onwards, also experienced sizable movements of internal migration from the agricultural South to the more industrialized North. In 1973, Italy, for the first time in its history, had a positive net migration rate: immigrants slightly outnumbered emi- grants. From that year on immigration steadily increased. This trend has become particularly noticeable since the 1980s: the 1981 population census already counted nearly 211,000 immigrants. In 1991 Italy faced the first wave of Background Information “mass immigration”: on only two days, around 50,000 Albani- ans arrived in Italy as a result of the collapse of the Albanian Capital: Rome communist regime. The 1990s were marked by an accelera- tion of immigration flows. While there were 356,159 foreign Official language: Italian residents in Italy in 1991, their number reached 1,300,000 in 2001 and increased even further to 4,500,000 in 2011. On Area: 301,340 km2 the 1st of January 2012 4,859,000 foreigners resided on Ital- ian soil, representing about 8% of the county’s total resident Population (at 1 Jan. -
Racial Exclusion and Italian Identity Construction Through Citizenship Law
L’Altro in Italia: Racial Exclusion and Italian Identity Construction through Citizenship Law Ariel Gizzi An Honors Thesis for the Department of International Relations Tufts University, 2018 ii Acknowledgements Over the course of this thesis, I received academic and personal support from various professors and scholars, including but not limited to: Cristina Pausini, Kristina Aikens, Anne Moore, Consuelo Cruz, Medhin Paolos, Lorgia García Peña, David Art, Richard Eichenberg, and Lisa Lowe. I also want to mention the friends and fellow thesis writers with whom I passed many hours in the library: Joseph Tsuboi, Henry Jani, Jack Ronan, Ian James, Francesca Kamio, and Tashi Wangchuk. Most importantly, this thesis could not have happened without the wisdom and encouragement of Deirdre Judge. Deirdre and I met in October of my senior year, when I was struggling to make sense of what I was even trying to write about. With her guidance, I set deadlines for myself, studied critical theory, and made substantial revisions to each draft I produced. She is truly a remarkable scholar and mentor who I know will accomplish great things in her life. And lastly, thank you to my parents, who have always supported me in every academic and personal endeavor, most of which are related in some way or another to Italy. Grazie. iii Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction………………………………………………………….1 Chapter 2: Theoretical Frameworks …………………………………………….6 Chapter 3: Liberal Italy………………………………………………………….21 Chapter 4: Colonial and Fascist Italy……………………………………………44 Chapter 5: Postwar Italy…………………………………………………………60 Chapter 6: Contemporary Italy…………………………………………………..77 Chapter 7: Conclusion…………………………………………………………...104 Chapter 8: Bibliography…………………………………………………………112 1 Chapter 1: Introduction My maternal grandfather, Giuseppe Gizzi, was born and raised in Ariano Irpino, Italy. -
The Twenty-Fifth Italian Report on Migrations 2019
V. Cesareo (ed.), The Twenty-fifth Italian Report on Migrations 2019 (ed.), The Twenty-fifth Cesareo V. In 2019, the annual ISMU Report on Migrations reached its 25th edition. The Twenty-fifth Migration Report presents a historical reconstruction of the migration phenomenon in Italy and analyses the transformations to which it has led in the past quarter century illustrating how the gradual rooting of newcomers has affected many aspects of our society, e.g., the labour market and the education field. As of 1 January 2019, ISMU Foundation estimates that the number of foreign people in Italy reached 6 million 222,000. Besides the traditional areas of interest – demographic aspects, legislation, labour and education – the Report examines other relevant topics, such as second generations and the protection of unaccompanied foreign minors. In this edition of the Report, ISMU once again focuses its attention on both the EU and the global level, with specific analyses on European integration policies and the new Multiannual Financial Framework, the impact of migration on European elections and the increasing role of Africa on EU migration policies and development aid. Edited by Vincenzo Cesareo The Twenty-fifth Italian Report on Migrations 2019 The ISMU Foundation is an independent research centre founded in 1992 promoting research and training activities on migration, integration and the ever-growing ethnic and cultural diversity of contemporary societies. As an independent scientific body, it proposes itself as a service provider open to the collaboration with national and European institutions, local administrations, welfare and health-care agencies, non-profit organisations, schooling institutions, Italian and foreign research centres, libraries and documentation centres, international agencies, diplomatic and consular representations. -
Doing Business in Albania
Voluntary - Public Clearance Office: All - FAS Date: 3/20/2009 GAIN Report Number: AL9003 Albania Post:Rome Doing Business in Albania Report Categories: Exporter Guide Approved By: Jim Dever Prepared By: Dana Biasetti Report Highlights: The Republic of Albania is a small former Communist nation situated on the Strait of Otranto which acts as a gateway between Western and Eastern Europe. While one of Albania’s priorities is to join the EU and NATO, they are already members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA), and the WTO. General Information: The Republic of Albania Overview With the fall of communism throughout Eastern Europe, Albania has slowly started to reap the benefits of a hard earned democracy. The Republic of Albania may still have a very long way to go but seems to be slowly working towards improving its’ economy, poor infrastructure, rampant corruption, and high unemployment rate. Total estimated population in 2007 was 3.18 million of which over 90 percent are ethnic Albanian. The official language is Albanian (however many also speak Italian). Religions include Muslim (Sunni and Bektashi), Albanian Orthodox, and Roman Catholic. The average age in Albania is 28, with over 65 percent of the population between the ages of 15 and 64. Albania is located on the Strait of Otranto (separating the Adriatic and Ionian seas) and acts as a gateway between Western and Eastern Europe. The ruling Democratic Party in Albania is led by Prime Minister Sali Berisha, and the next Parliamentary elections are scheduled for June 2009. One of Albania’s priorities is to join the EU and in doing so signed in 2006 the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the European Union. -
Immigration to Italy and Return Policies: a Provocation, a Wishful Thinking Or an Opportunity?1
DAG 53 001-108:DAG 24/3/09 19:27 Página 11 Doc. Anàl. Geogr. 53, 2009 11-28 Immigration to Italy and return policies: a provocation, a wishful thinking or an opportunity?1 Maria Luisa Gentileschi Università degli Studi di Cagliari. Facoltà di Scienze Politiche Dipartimento di Richerche Economiche e Sociali Ordinario di Geografia Politica ed Economia [email protected] Data de recepció: gener del 2008 Data d’acceptació definitiva: setembre del 2008 Abstract In Italy, the return of immigrants to their country of origin is practically absent in the media and in the debate among the operators or the general public. In the countries of arrival, immigrant labour, at first, alleviates pressure on the local labour market with a ben- eficial effect, but in time might also cause competition with local labour, impede renova- tion of production and keep the situation stationary. On the other hand, in the countries of origin, several authors have underlined the damage of massive population emigration of the young and skilled workforce and explored ways to encourage emigrants to come back with the intention of taking part in the development process. The present paper invites discussion on the subject of returning migrants, a phenom- enon which is now being addressed by ongoing legislation. The policies that will accom- pany the return and reinsertion of immigrants in their native societies should connect the phase of arrival to that of return, promoting a comprehensive project based on the possi- bility of returns, multiple family permits, rotation of permits among family members, and enterprise planning. Key words: Italy, return policies, assisted returns, return actions, co-development.