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Geochemistry of Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks Around Gogunda, District Udaipur, Rajasthan

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Geochemistry of Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks Around Gogunda, District Udaipur, Rajasthan GEOCHEMISTRY OF MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS AROUND GOGUNDA, DISTRICT UDAIPUR, RAJASTHAN SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF Muittv of ^{)UogDpfip in BY ZIAD SALEM HUSSAIN ABU-HAMATTEH DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1992 [ITAZAI) t; 5, ^cci^o- y^-A'^^ ^s/,-iB Unive^:^ 2 9 APH 1994 DS2127 QSECEID-; '002 — A)^\ (D&Dmm&D TO mr mcymeR In the Name of Allah the Compassion, the Merciful, Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Universe, and peace and prayers be upon His Final Prophet and Messenger. ^Oi'^ ,1. t j> ^<i' -s'\^-rf«- >• o In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful Proclaim! (or Read!) In the name of thy Lord and Cberisber Who created* Created man, out of A (mere) clot of congeated blood* Proclaim! And thy Lord Is Most Bountiful* He Who taught (The use of) the Pen* Taught man that Which be knew not* Surah 96 Al' ALAQ. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled "Geochemistry of Mafic-Ultramafic rocks around Gogunda, District Udaipur, Rajasthan" is the record of bonafide research carried out by Mr. Ziad Salem Hussain Abu-Hamatteh under our joint supervision. This work is an original contribution to the existing knowledge of the subject. We allow Mr. Abu-Hamatteh to submit the work for the award of Master of Philosophy degree of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. U2^^^-^ Dr. Talcit Ahmad Dr. Mahshar Raza Scientist-C Reader Wadia Institute of Deptt. of Geology Himalayan Geology, A.M.U., Aligarh. Dehradun. CONTENTS Acknowledgement i List of Tables iv List of Figures v List of Plates ix INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER-I GEOLOGICAL SETTING 7 Geneiral Geology of Aravalli Mountain Belt 7 Distribution of Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks in Aravalli Mountain Belt 9 Geology of Udaipur-Jharol Basin 10 Field Occurrence of Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks of Jharol Group 13 Age and Correlation 16 CHAPTER- II PETE^OGRAPHY 18 CHAPTER- III GEOCHEMISTRY 2 3 Analytical Procedure 23 Accuracy and Precision 27 Results 29 Major Elements Distribution 30 General Statement 30 Jharol Ultramafics 31 Gopir Volcanics 34 Bagdunda Volcanics 36 Trace Elements Distribution 37 General Statement 37 Jharol Ultramafics 38 Gopir Volcanics 39 Bagdunda Volcanics 41 Rare - Earth Elements 43 Gopir Volcanics 43 Bagdunda Volcanics 44 Effect of Alteration 45 Major Elements Variability 48 Trace Elements Variability 52 CHAPTER- IV MAGMA TYPE CLASSIFICATION 54 General Statement 54 Magma Series Classification 56 Major Element Relationship 57 Immobile Minor and Trace Elements Criteria 58 Tectonic Setting Classification 59 Immobile Minor and Trace Elements diagrams 62 Geochemical Patterns 63 CHAPTER-V PETROGENETIC CONSIDERATIONS AND SOURCE GEOCHEMISTRY 67 Petrogenetic Considerations 67 Source Modelling 75 CHAPTER- VI TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS 80 CHAPTER- VII SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 89 TABLES 1 to 11 97 REFERENCES 117 (i) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work has been suggested and supervised by Dr. Mahsher Raza, Deptt. of Geology, A.M.U., Aligarh and Dr. Talat Ahmad, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun. I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to them for their valuable guidance, encouragement and cooperation in all stages of this work. I am also grateful to Prof. S.N. Bhalla, Chairman, Deptt. of Geology, A.M.U. Aligarh and Dr. V.C. Thakur, Director, W.I.H.G., Dehradun for providing all the necessary facilities for the completion of this work. My sincere thanks are due to Dr. P.P. Khanna, Dr. P.K. Mukherjee, and Mr. Saini, Scientists,W.I.E.G., Dehradun for their help in the analytical work. The help received from Dr. S.M. Zainuddin, Dr. K.K. Ghauri and Dr. S. Farooq, Deptt. of Geology, A.M.U. , Aligarh and Dr. M.S. Rathi and Dr. R. Islam, W.I.H.G., Dehradun, in the various stages of this work is thankfully acknowledged. I am further grateful to Dr. N.K. Chauhan and my friend Mr. Sabah A. Moh'd, Deptt. of Geology, Sukadia (ii) University, Udaipur, for their help during my field work. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to my collegues Dr. S.H. Alvi, Dr. M.S. Khan and Mr. Safdare Azam for their critical views and constructive suggestions. Mr. Salimuddin Ahmad, Mr. Zakir Hussain, Mr. Feroz Javid and Mr. Habbib Ahmad, Deptt. of Geology, A,M.U., Aligarh and Mr. Saeed Ahmad and Dr. B.K. Choudhary, W.I.H.G., Dehradun and Mt .Kazem Rangzan, R. S . A.C.R.E .G. , A.M.U., Aligarh are acknowledged for their cooperation and help during the course of this work. I am grateful to Ms. S.Kombe for her help and encouragement throughout this work. I would like to extend my gratitude to my brother Mr. Naif Salem for financing my research studies. I am very much thankful to Mr. Ahmad Hussein and everyone who lent his assistance in the completion of this work. (iii) And last, but not least, I am grateful to My Mother and members of my family for their moral and financial support. (Ziad S.H. Abu-Hamatteh) (iv) LIST O F TABLES Table 1, General geological succession of Aravalli Supergroup in the type area. Table 2. Precision, coefficient of variation and detection limits for various oxides and elements. Table 3, The correlation coefficient values between the various major oxides of Gopir volcanics. Table 4, The correlation coefficient values between the various major oxides of Bagdunda volcanics. Table 5. The correlation coefficient values between the various major oxides of Jharol ultramafics. Table 6, Major element abundances (in wt%) and trace element concentrations (in ppm) of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. Table 7, Major element abundances (in wt%) and trace element concentrations (in ppm) of Jharol ultramafics. Table 8, Range of variation and average chemical compositions (major oxides and trace elements) of Gopir volcanics, Bagdunda volcanics and Jharol ultramafics. Table 9. Element ratios in Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. Table 10, Element ratios in Jharol ultramafics. Table 11, Comparison of the average chemical composition of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics with the other volcanic rocks. (v) LIST O F FIGURES Figure 1. (A) Map of India. (B) Geological map of Aravalli mountain belt, showing distribution of Precambrian rocks. (C) Simplified geological map of Jharol basin, showing distribution of various lithological units. Figure 2. (A) Feo^, MgO, and TiO-- versu^^^^^u^s variouv^4.^v>^^s^ major oxides and trace elements variation plots of Jharol ultramafics. (B) Ni and Cr versus various major oxides and trace elements variation plots of Jharol ultramafics. Figure 3. Chondrite normalized REE patterns of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. Normalizing values are those of Sun and McDonough (1989). Figure 4. Zr versus TiO-, PpOc and Al„0^ of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics variation diagram, showing distribution of these elements relative to Zr. Figure 5, Zr versus Y covariation diagram, showing the relative enrichment of Zr over Y in Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. Figure 6. (A) Zr versus Ce covariation diagram, showing the less mobile nature of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. (B) Zr versus Nb covariation diagram, showing the enrichment of Nb in Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. (vi) Figure 7. CaO/Al-O^-MgO/lO-SiO^/lOO ternary variation diagram (after Schweitzer and Kroner 1985), showing unaltered nature of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. Figure 8, CaO/TiO„ versus MgO/TiO„ binary diagram for Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics, illustrating the sympathetic relationship an indication for their primary magmatic character. Figure 9. Mg-number versus TiO» binary diagram (after Dungan and Rhodes 1978) for Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics, showing relative olivine fractionation in these volcanics. Figure 10. MgO/CaO versus principal magmatic component i.e., TiO- variation diagram of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics, showing the fractionation of FOn^ and Cpx. Figure 11, TiO- versus CaO/Al„0^ variation diagram (after Dungan and Rhodes 1978), showing relative olivine and plagioclase fractionation in Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. Figure 12, FeO /MgO versus CaO/Al„0,, diagram for Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics, showing olivine and clinopyroxene fractionation. Figure 13. TiO„ versus Al-0,, variation diagram, showing identical trends of variation in Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. Figure 14, Zr versus Zr/Y variation diagram of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics (after Pearce and Norry 1979). Figure 15, Nd versus Ce plot • for Gopir and Bagdunda (vii) volcanics with primitive mantle and chondritic ratio, showing the least effect of contamination and possible extent of melting. Figure 16. A (Na20+K20)-F (FeO^)-M (MgO), ternary variation diagram for Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics, showing their tholeiite affinity. Figure 17. Jensen's cation ternary plot for Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics, showing compositional variation of these volcanics from high Mg-tholeiite to basaltic komatiite affinity. Figure 18. Y (Y+Zr)-T (TiO-)- Cr variation diagram, showing the komatiite-tholeiite affinity of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. Figure 19. Nb/Y versus Zr/TiO„ variation diagram (after Winchester and Floyd 1977) for Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics, showing their sub-alkaline and basaltic andesite nature. Figure 20, TiOp versus PoO^ variation diagram of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics, showing their oceanic ridge basalt affinity. Figure 21.(A) Zr versus TiO_ covariation diagram, illustrating MORE affinity of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. (B) Y versus Cr covariation diagram, illustrating MORE affinity of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. Figtire 22. Ti/Y versus Zr/Y diagram of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics, indicating their plate margin nature. Figure 23. Ti/100-Zr-Yx3, ternary tectomagmatic discrimination diagram of Gopir and Bagdunda (viii) volcanics, showing their MORE and lAE affinity. Figure 24.(A) MORE normalized multi element patterns of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics. (B) MORE normalized multi element patterns of basalts from various tectonic settings. Figure 25.(A) Primordial mantle normalized incompatible element patterns of Gopir and Bagdunda volcanics.
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