Analysis of Video Compression Using DCT
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MPEG Video in Software: Representation, Transmission, and Playback
High Speed Networking and Multimedia Computing, IS&T/SPIE Symp. on Elec. Imaging Sci. & Tech., San Jose, CA, February 1994. MPEG Video in Software: Representation, Transmission, and Playback Lawrence A. Rowe, Ketan D. Patel, Brian C Smith, and Kim Liu Computer Science Division - EECS University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 ([email protected]) Abstract A software decoder for MPEG-1 video was integrated into a continuous media playback system that supports synchronized playing of audio and video data stored on a file server. The MPEG-1 video playback system supports forward and backward play at variable speeds and random positioning. Sending and receiving side heuristics are described that adapt to frame drops due to network load and the available decoding capacity of the client workstation. A series of experiments show that the playback system adds a small overhead to the stand alone software decoder and that playback is smooth when all frames or very few frames can be decoded. Between these extremes, the system behaves reasonably but can still be improved. 1.0 Introduction As processor speed increases, real-time software decoding of compressed video is possible. We developed a portable software MPEG-1 video decoder that can play small-sized videos (e.g., 160 x 120) in real-time and medium-sized videos within a factor of two of real-time on current workstations [1]. We also developed a system to deliver and play synchronized continuous media streams (e.g., audio, video, images, animation, etc.) on a network [2].Initially, this system supported 8kHz 8-bit audio and hardware-assisted motion JPEG compressed video streams. -
Avid Supported Video File Formats
Avid Supported Video File Formats 04.07.2021 Page 1 Avid Supported Video File Formats 4/7/2021 Table of Contents Common Industry Formats ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Application & Device-Generated Formats .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Stereoscopic 3D Video Formats ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Quick Lookup of Common File Formats ARRI..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 -
Video Codec Requirements and Evaluation Methodology
Video Codec Requirements 47pt 30pt and Evaluation Methodology Color::white : LT Medium Font to be used by customers and : Arial www.huawei.com draft-filippov-netvc-requirements-01 Alexey Filippov, Huawei Technologies 35pt Contents Font to be used by customers and partners : • An overview of applications • Requirements 18pt • Evaluation methodology Font to be used by customers • Conclusions and partners : Slide 2 Page 2 35pt Applications Font to be used by customers and partners : • Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) • Video conferencing 18pt • Video sharing Font to be used by customers • Screencasting and partners : • Game streaming • Video monitoring / surveillance Slide 3 35pt Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) Font to be used by customers and partners : • Basic requirements: . Random access to pictures 18pt Random Access Period (RAP) should be kept small enough (approximately, 1-15 seconds); Font to be used by customers . Temporal (frame-rate) scalability; and partners : . Error robustness • Optional requirements: . resolution and quality (SNR) scalability Slide 4 35pt Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) Font to be used by customers and partners : Resolution Frame-rate, fps Picture access mode 2160p (4K),3840x2160 60 RA 18pt 1080p, 1920x1080 24, 50, 60 RA 1080i, 1920x1080 30 (60 fields per second) RA Font to be used by customers and partners : 720p, 1280x720 50, 60 RA 576p (EDTV), 720x576 25, 50 RA 576i (SDTV), 720x576 25, 30 RA 480p (EDTV), 720x480 50, 60 RA 480i (SDTV), 720x480 25, 30 RA Slide 5 35pt Video conferencing Font to be used by customers and partners : • Basic requirements: . Delay should be kept as low as possible 18pt The preferable and maximum delay values should be less than 100 ms and 350 ms, respectively Font to be used by customers . -
Lecture 11 : Discrete Cosine Transform Moving Into the Frequency Domain
Lecture 11 : Discrete Cosine Transform Moving into the Frequency Domain Frequency domains can be obtained through the transformation from one (time or spatial) domain to the other (frequency) via Fourier Transform (FT) (see Lecture 3) — MPEG Audio. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) (new ) — Heart of JPEG and MPEG Video, MPEG Audio. Note : We mention some image (and video) examples in this section with DCT (in particular) but also the FT is commonly applied to filter multimedia data. External Link: MIT OCW 8.03 Lecture 11 Fourier Analysis Video Recap: Fourier Transform The tool which converts a spatial (real space) description of audio/image data into one in terms of its frequency components is called the Fourier transform. The new version is usually referred to as the Fourier space description of the data. We then essentially process the data: E.g . for filtering basically this means attenuating or setting certain frequencies to zero We then need to convert data back to real audio/imagery to use in our applications. The corresponding inverse transformation which turns a Fourier space description back into a real space one is called the inverse Fourier transform. What do Frequencies Mean in an Image? Large values at high frequency components mean the data is changing rapidly on a short distance scale. E.g .: a page of small font text, brick wall, vegetation. Large low frequency components then the large scale features of the picture are more important. E.g . a single fairly simple object which occupies most of the image. The Road to Compression How do we achieve compression? Low pass filter — ignore high frequency noise components Only store lower frequency components High pass filter — spot gradual changes If changes are too low/slow — eye does not respond so ignore? Low Pass Image Compression Example MATLAB demo, dctdemo.m, (uses DCT) to Load an image Low pass filter in frequency (DCT) space Tune compression via a single slider value n to select coefficients Inverse DCT, subtract input and filtered image to see compression artefacts. -
(A/V Codecs) REDCODE RAW (.R3D) ARRIRAW
What is a Codec? Codec is a portmanteau of either "Compressor-Decompressor" or "Coder-Decoder," which describes a device or program capable of performing transformations on a data stream or signal. Codecs encode a stream or signal for transmission, storage or encryption and decode it for viewing or editing. Codecs are often used in videoconferencing and streaming media solutions. A video codec converts analog video signals from a video camera into digital signals for transmission. It then converts the digital signals back to analog for display. An audio codec converts analog audio signals from a microphone into digital signals for transmission. It then converts the digital signals back to analog for playing. The raw encoded form of audio and video data is often called essence, to distinguish it from the metadata information that together make up the information content of the stream and any "wrapper" data that is then added to aid access to or improve the robustness of the stream. Most codecs are lossy, in order to get a reasonably small file size. There are lossless codecs as well, but for most purposes the almost imperceptible increase in quality is not worth the considerable increase in data size. The main exception is if the data will undergo more processing in the future, in which case the repeated lossy encoding would damage the eventual quality too much. Many multimedia data streams need to contain both audio and video data, and often some form of metadata that permits synchronization of the audio and video. Each of these three streams may be handled by different programs, processes, or hardware; but for the multimedia data stream to be useful in stored or transmitted form, they must be encapsulated together in a container format. -
HERO6 Black Manual
USER MANUAL 1 JOIN THE GOPRO MOVEMENT facebook.com/GoPro youtube.com/GoPro twitter.com/GoPro instagram.com/GoPro TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Your HERO6 Black 6 Time Lapse Mode: Settings 65 Getting Started 8 Time Lapse Mode: Advanced Settings 69 Navigating Your GoPro 17 Advanced Controls 70 Map of Modes and Settings 22 Connecting to an Audio Accessory 80 Capturing Video and Photos 24 Customizing Your GoPro 81 Settings for Your Activities 26 Important Messages 85 QuikCapture 28 Resetting Your Camera 86 Controlling Your GoPro with Your Voice 30 Mounting 87 Playing Back Your Content 34 Removing the Side Door 5 Using Your Camera with an HDTV 37 Maintenance 93 Connecting to Other Devices 39 Battery Information 94 Offloading Your Content 41 Troubleshooting 97 Video Mode: Capture Modes 45 Customer Support 99 Video Mode: Settings 47 Trademarks 99 Video Mode: Advanced Settings 55 HEVC Advance Notice 100 Photo Mode: Capture Modes 57 Regulatory Information 100 Photo Mode: Settings 59 Photo Mode: Advanced Settings 61 Time Lapse Mode: Capture Modes 63 YOUR HERO6 BLACK YOUR HERO6 BLACK 1 2 4 4 3 11 2 12 5 9 6 13 7 8 4 10 4 14 6 1. Shutter Button [ ] 6. Latch Release Button 10. Speaker 2. Camera Status Light 7. USB-C Port 11. Mode Button [ ] 3. Camera Status Screen 8. Micro HDMI Port 12. Battery 4. Microphone (cable not included) 13. microSD Card Slot 5. Side Door 9. Touch Display 14. Battery Door For information about mounting items that are included in the box, see Mounting (page 87). -
The Evolutionof Premium Vascular Ultrasound
Ultrasound EPIQ 5 The evolution of premium vascular ultrasound Philips EPIQ 5 ultrasound system The new challenges in global healthcare Unprecedented advances in premium ultrasound performance can help address the strains on overburdened hospitals and healthcare systems, which are continually being challenged to provide a higher quality of care cost-effectively. The goal is quick and accurate diagnosis the first time and in less time. Premium ultrasound users today demand improved clinical information from each scan, faster and more consistent exams that are easier to perform, and allow for a high level of confidence, even for technically difficult patients. 2 Performance More confidence in your diagnoses even for your most difficult cases EPIQ 5 is the new direction for premium vascular ultrasound, featuring an exceptional level of clinical performance to meet the challenges of today’s most demanding practices. Our most powerful architecture ever applied to vascular ultrasound EPIQ performance touches all aspects of acoustic acquisition and processing, allowing you to truly experience the evolution to a more definitive modality. Carotid artery bulb Superficial varicose veins 3 The evolution in premium vascular ultrasound Supported by our family of proprietary PureWave transducers and our leading-edge Anatomical Intelligence, this platform offers our highest level of premium performance. Key trends in global ultrasound • The need for more definitive premium • A demand to automate most operator ultrasound with exceptional image functions -
VIDEO Blu-Ray™ Disc Player BP330
VIDEO Blu-ray™ Disc Player BP330 Internet access lets you stream instant content from Make the most of your HDTV. Blu-ray disc playback Less clutter. More possibilities. Cut loose from Netflix, CinemaNow, Vudu and YouTube direct to delivers exceptional Full HD 1080p video messy wires. Integrated Wi-Fi® connectivity allows your TV — no computer required. performance, along with Bonus-view for a picture-in- you take advantage of Internet access from any picture. available Wi-Fi® connection in its range. VIDEO Blu-ray™ Disc Player BP330 PROFILE & PLAYABLE DISC PLAYABLE AUDIO FORMATS BD Profile 2.0 LPCM Yes USB Playback Yes Dolby® Digital Yes External HDD Playback Yes (via USB) Dolby® Digital Plus Yes BD-ROM/BD-R/BD-RE Yes Dolby® TrueHD Yes DVD-ROM/DVD±R/DVD±RW Yes DTS Yes Audio CD/CD-R/CD-RW Yes DTS-HD Master Audio Yes DTS-CD Yes MPEG 1/2 L2 Yes MP3 Yes LG SMART TV WMA Yes Premium Content Yes AAC Yes Netflix® Yes FLAC Yes YouTube® Yes Amazon® Yes PLAYABLE PHOTO FORMATS Hulu Plus® Yes JPEG Yes Vudu® Yes GIF/Animated GIF Yes CinemaNow® Yes PNG Yes Pandora® Yes MPO Yes Picasa® Yes AccuWeather® Yes CONVENIENCE SIMPLINK™ Yes VIDEO FEATURES Loading Time >10 Sec 1080p Up-scaling Yes LG Remote App Yes (Free download on Google Play and Apple App Store) Noise Reduction Yes Last Scene Memory Yes Deep Color Yes Screen Saver Yes NvYCC Yes Auto Power Off Yes Video Enhancement Yes Parental Lock Yes Yes Yes CONNECTIVITY Wired LAN Yes AUDIO FEATURES Wi-Fi® Built-in Yes Dolby Digital® Down Mix Yes DLNA Certified® Yes Re-Encoder Yes (DTS only) LPCM Conversion -
A Deblocking Filter Hardware Architecture for the High Efficiency
A Deblocking Filter Hardware Architecture for the High Efficiency Video Coding Standard Cláudio Machado Diniz1, Muhammad Shafique2, Felipe Vogel Dalcin1, Sergio Bampi1, Jörg Henkel2 1Informatics Institute, PPGC, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil 2Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany {cmdiniz, fvdalcin, bampi}@inf.ufrgs.br; {muhammad.shafique, henkel}@kit.edu Abstract—The new deblocking filter (DF) tool of the next encoder configuration: (i) Random Access (RA) configuration1 generation High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard is with Group of Pictures (GOP) equal to 8 (ii) Intra period2 for one of the most time consuming algorithms in video decoding. In each video sequence is defined as in [8] depending upon the order to achieve real-time performance at low-power specific frame rate of the video sequence, e.g. 24, 30, 50 or 60 consumption, we developed a hardware accelerator for this filter. frames per second (fps); (iii) each sequence is encoded with This paper proposes a high throughput hardware architecture four different Quantization Parameter (QP) values for HEVC deblocking filter employing hardware reuse to QP={22,27,32,37} as defined in the HEVC Common Test accelerate filtering decision units with a low area cost. Our Conditions [8]. Fig. 1 shows the accumulated execution time architecture achieves either higher or equivalent throughput (in % of total decoding time) of all functions included in C++ (4096x2048 @ 60 fps) with 5X-6X lower area compared to state- class TComLoopFilter that implement the DF in HEVC of-the-art deblocking filter architectures. decoder software. DF contributes to up to 5%-18% to the total Keywords—HEVC coding; Deblocking Filter; Hardware decoding time, depending on video sequence and QP. -
Frequently Asked Questions Dolby Digital Plus
Frequently Asked Questions Dolby® Digital Plus redefines the home theater surround experience for new formats like high-definition video discs. What is Dolby Digital Plus? Dolby® Digital Plus is Dolby’s new-generation multichannel audio technology developed to enhance the premium experience of high-definition media. Built on industry-standard Dolby Digital technology, Dolby Digital Plus as implemented in Blu-ray Disc™ features more channels, less compression, and higher data rates for a warmer, richer, more compelling audio experience than you get from standard-definition DVDs. What other applications are there for Dolby Digital Plus? The advanced spectral coding efficiencies of Dolby Digital Plus enable content producers to deliver high-resolution multichannel soundtracks at lower bit rates than with Dolby Digital. This makes it ideal for emerging bandwidth-critical applications including cable, IPTV, IP streaming, and satellite (DBS) and terrestrial broadcast. Dolby Digital Plus is also a preferred medium for delivering BonusView (Profile 1.1) and BD-Live™ (Profile 2.0) interactive audio content on Blu-ray Disc. Delivering higher quality and more channels at higher bit rates, plus greater efficiency at lower bit rates, Dolby Digital Plus has the flexibility to fulfill the needs of new content delivery formats for years to come. Is Dolby Digital Plus content backward-compatible? Because Dolby Digital Plus is built on core Dolby Digital technologies, content that is encoded with Dolby Digital Plus is fully compatible with the millions of existing home theaters and playback systems worldwide equipped for Dolby Digital playback. Dolby Digital Plus soundtracks are easily converted to a 640 kbps Dolby Digital signal without decoding and reencoding, for output via S/PDIF. -
Contrast-Enhanced High-Frame-Rate Ultrasound Imaging of Flow Patterns in Cardiac Chambers and Deep Vessels
Delft University of Technology Contrast-Enhanced High-Frame-Rate Ultrasound Imaging of Flow Patterns in Cardiac Chambers and Deep Vessels Vos, Hendrik J.; Voorneveld, Jason D.; Groot Jebbink, Erik; Leow, Chee Hau; Nie, Luzhen; van den Bosch, Annemien E.; Tang, Meng Xing; Freear, Steven; Bosch, Johan G. DOI 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.07.022 Publication date 2020 Document Version Final published version Published in Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology Citation (APA) Vos, H. J., Voorneveld, J. D., Groot Jebbink, E., Leow, C. H., Nie, L., van den Bosch, A. E., Tang, M. X., Freear, S., & Bosch, J. G. (2020). Contrast-Enhanced High-Frame-Rate Ultrasound Imaging of Flow Patterns in Cardiac Chambers and Deep Vessels. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 46(11), 2875-2890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.07.022 Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10. ARTICLE IN PRESS Ultrasound in Med. -
Video Coding Standards
Module 8 Video Coding Standards Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur Lesson 23 MPEG-1 standards Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur Lesson objectives At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to : 1. Enlist the major video coding standards 2. State the basic objectives of MPEG-1 standard. 3. Enlist the set of constrained parameters in MPEG-1 4. Define the I- P- and B-pictures 5. Present the hierarchical data structure of MPEG-1 6. Define the macroblock modes supported by MPEG-1 23.0 Introduction In lesson 21 and lesson 22, we studied how to perform motion estimation and thereby temporally predict the video frames to exploit significant temporal redundancies present in the video sequence. The error in temporal prediction is encoded by standard transform domain techniques like the DCT, followed by quantization and entropy coding to exploit the spatial and statistical redundancies and achieve significant video compression. The video codecs therefore follow a hybrid coding structure in which DPCM is adopted in temporal domain and DCT or other transform domain techniques in spatial domain. Efforts to standardize video data exchange via storage media or via communication networks are actively in progress since early 1980s. A number of international video and audio standardization activities started within the International Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT), followed by the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR), and the International Standards Organization / International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC). An experts group, known as the Motion Pictures Expects Group (MPEG) was established in 1988 in the framework of the Joint ISO/IEC Technical Committee with an objective to develop standards for coded representation of moving pictures, associated audio, and their combination for storage and retrieval of digital media.