ETHN 110: Asian Americans Dr. Sobredo: Terms/concepts SCANTRON: #4521

SacCT lecture & PowerPoint: Part 1: Intro_Basic_Concepts_Theories_Race/Ethnicity, esp. Introduction

Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs & Steel, Human migration (Africa) USA vs. World Population: racial/ethnic composition (2010) -“Minority is the majority” (California) 4 Periods of Immigration History (USA) from Prof. Jon Gjerde Asians in California: Luzones Indios (1587) Manila Galleon trade & 1st global economy

4 Theories of Race Relations Amalgamation/Melting pot theory of race relations Assimilation: “white Anglo---Saxon conformity” Social Darwinism, pathological theory, race hierarchy Eugenics, H. Spencer: “survival of the fittest” Pluralism (salad bowl) theory

1965 Immigration Reform Act: 3 Main Goals Family reunification, recruit professionals, refugees “World---class prisons and second---class universities” (Chancellor Reed)

Brief History of International & World Trade Alexander the Great, Silk roads Dutch East India Company (1602) -1st Multicultural Corporation and issued stocks British East India Company -2nd largest trading company in Europe Estado de Portugal -3rd largest trading company in Europe Why Did European Explorers “Sail the Ocean Blue”? -GOAL= Asia & the Spice Islands Venice: Europe's main market place

"Caucasian," created by Fredrick Blumenbach, 1776 -Caucasian = people from Caucus Mountain area

China today: largest economic boom in history, largest population -2nd largest economy (GDP)

Price of Oil: OPEC, price of barrel of oil (71% of gasoline price) -Suppliers, demand by customers, commodities traders, *politics/disasters *Germany = Europe's largest economy, works the LEAST mount of hours

Vietnam War & SE Asian Migration , Viet Minh, Ho Chi Minh, Gen. Giap, Battle of dien Bien Phu Georges Bidault: US offers 2 atomic bombs to French, US funded 78% of war North vs. South Vietnam, Pres. Ngo Dinh Diem, Catholics, Persecution of Buddhists, Cold War, Domino Theory, Gen. Khahn, Viet Cong, Gen. Maxwell Taylor (US Ambassador), US Strategy of War of Attrition. Gen. West Moreland, Tet Offensive, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Only Congress has power to declare war, Pres. Eisenhower, Pres. Kennedy, Pres. Johnson, Pres. Nixon, US withdrawal in 1973, “Vietnamization” of the war, Fall of Saigon 1975, My Lai massacre, Lt. Calley, Nick Ut and Kim Phuc Tiger Force (Michael Sallah and Mitch Weiss),

Lt. Davidson, Why We lost the War, “Superior grand strategy,” what lesson did the US learn from the Vietnam war? Collin Powell Doctrine

Cambodian genocide Context of the Vietnam War, attempts at neutrality, Pol Pot, , B-52 secret bombing raids in , Gen. Nol Lam, Khmer Rouge invades , role of radio in (cf. Rwanda), role of USSR, China and USA in Cambodia, Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia to stop genocide, Dith Pran and “” , Dr. Ngor

Laos & Hmong Migration Laos=French Colony, attempted to stay neutral but Vietnam War pulls Laos in, Ho Chi Minh Trail, CIA recruits Hmong to fight communism, “Secret Army” Gen. Vang Pao, Long Cheng (Laos), 3 Million Hmong in China, Pathet Lao Party persecutes Hmong, Hmong in Sacramento, Sen. Mee Moua

Gam Saan Haak: Travelers to Gold Mountain -The Chinese in America International Context of Asian Migration -Kennethh Pomeranz (UC Irvine), The Great Divergence -Chinese Empire and Civilization

Eurocentric History (History from Point of View of Europeans) Professor James Blaut: Myth of the European Miracle -Europe greatest civilization never "superior" in every aspect

Chinese Civilization Admiral Zheng He, Ming Dynasty Naval Fleet, Treasure Ship vs. Columbus/Magellan -"Europe was a backward region" vs. Africa -China was the millennium's greatest civilization and greatest state

The Greatest Divergence China and Britain: Need for Natural resources China: Yangtze River Valley, Internal colonies Britain: Coal buried underground, development of steam engine, external colonies/markets

Why did European explorers "sail the Ocean Blue"? Goal: Asia and the Spice Islands Location: National Secret, Arabs kept routes secret Megallan's crew, 36 tons of cloves for 10,000 times the cost Opium War, Ganges River, Patna, Lintin Island, Nemesis warship Gunboat diplomacy, financial crisis, collapse of copper money Outmigration to SE Asia and to California