Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 136 2nd International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2017) Jawara and Local Election (Case Study of The Jawara Role of Tjimande Tari kolot Kebon Djeruk Hilir to win Wahidin Halim-Andika Hazrumy in the 2017 gubernatorial election)

Saepudin, Kamaruddin Department of Political Science Faculty of Social and Political Science, UI Depok, [email protected]

Abstract—This research will explain about the history and role of the jawara in controlling Banten's economic, social and local resources.The influence of the Jawara increased in the beginning at the time of the Orde Baru who experienced social mobility into a powerful elite in Banten. In the reform era with the opening of community participation to make the jawara involved in supporting the candidate for local election in Banten.Jawara have a role and influence because they have magical powers and then control the economic resources that divert to the mastery of local politics.One of the jawara who is always involved in supporting candidates to the Banten region is the organization of TTKKDH jawara.The support of these jawara organizations is important because they have a wide and rooted structure from the center to the regions.In Banten local election 2017, TTKKDH supports Wahidin Halim-Andika Hazrumy to become Governor and Vice Governor of Banten. There are several roles of TTKKDH jawara, including as a supporter, facilitator, opinion leader, and successful team. In addition, there is a motivation of TTKKDH jawara that is normative and pragmatic- opportunist.

Keyword— local election; jawara’s role; traditional elite; power

INTRODUCTION expansion of decentralization in developing countries is not always positively correlated with In 1998, with the fall of the Suharto regime for the strengthening of democracy and the efficiency 32 years, the impact of changing the political of local governance structures. This is marked by order and governance in Indonesia was apparent. the development of strong local people in the The fall was marked by the emergence of an era of developing countries. reform that the government system is expected to be more fair, democratic and prosperous. The In Banten, there was a local strong man called change of power also affects the relationship jawara and was one of the dominant local forces, between the central and regional power structure especially after the fall of the Orde Baru regime. with the enactment of regional autonomy. The The role of jawara actually can be traced basic idea of regional autonomy is; first, historically when the archipelago under improving the service and welfare of the better colonialism, where the jawara of many rebellions. society; second, to maintain a harmonious In the early days of independence, the jawara relationship between central and regional and were much involved in fighting for independence, inter-regional in order to maintain the unity of the then in the Orde Baru period, the jawara were co- Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI); opted to support the government's development third, to develop the life of democracy, justice and policies. During the Orde Baru, some jawara equity (Leo Agustino, 2009: 26). Then experienced social mobility because they went democratization in Indonesia is marked by a free, into the business world, such as contractors. The fair and just general election as a form of the dominance of the economy in Banten because realization of human rights. they controlled the Kamar Dagang Indonesia (KADIN), Lembaga Pengembangan Jasa The main characteristic of the direct election of Konstruksi (LPJK), and Gabungan Pengusaha local election (Pilkada) is a shift in election voting Nasional Seluruh Indonesia (GAPENSI). While in pattern that elite vote to election model politic local, they dominate and place their people conducted by the community directly (popular in government both in the legislative and vote). Some of the positive sides of the elections in executive bodies. the context of liberalization are political equality, local accountability, and local responses that are Banten is actually a region dominated by two expected to arise community participation and subcultures namely kyai and jawara who have improve the efficiency of local government influence in local politics both formal and (Amirudin and A.Zaini Bisri, 2006). However, the informal. Initially the jawara and kyai were an

Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 121 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 136 inseparable entity, but with the dynamics and political situation, especially the organization of changing circumstances, especially when the Orde the Pendekar Banten (Gabriel Facal, 2016: 73). Baru, where kyai increasingly marginalized in In Banten Election 2017 the role of TTKKDH in politics and its role shifted to the informal role, supporting the candidates for governor and vice while the formal role in the government governor of Banten still shows its influence to be dominated by many jawaras. contested by the candidates. In this Banten This research is interesting to be studied for pilkada which was followed by two pairs of several reasons. Firstly, research on jawara mostly candidates for Governor and Vice Governor of examines the role of Chasan Sochib and his group Banten 2017 ie couple Wahidin Halim-Andika as a local strongman of Banten. The implications Hazrumy and -Embay Mulya Syarief. of the role of jawara are identified with the role of With only two candidates making the competition Chasan Sochib and his group. Secondly, research between candidates to be sharper. On Friday, on the role of jawara in direct elections is still September 16, 2016, TTKKDH jawara expressed rarely studied, especially in political perspective. his support to the candidate of Governor and Vice Third, this research will focus on one of the Governor Wahidin Halim-Andika Hazrumy, the mainstream martial arts in Banten, namely the support was officially delivered by DPP Chairman Tjimande Tari Kolot Kebon Djeruk Hilir TTKKDH H. Maman Rizal in Serang Banten. (TTKKDH) because this organization has political According to Maman Rizal in Banten province, an involvement and perhaps the most obvious in active member of TTKKDH reaches 500 thousand Banten (Gabriel Facal, 2016: 69). To understand people. This is confirmed by Toni as the Secretary the identity of the jawara, it is necessary to of TTKKDH who said active members TTKKDH understand the organization that gave birth to the reach 500 thousand people and each member jawara because the jawara grow and develop must follow the instructions of the chairman, the through a series of life processes of the term when the chairman plunged then the organization they live. members must follow. Also in TTKKDH there is an oath of loyalty or commonly referred to as The TTKKDH organization has historically partelekan as a rule for members of TTKKDH and always been involved in the political dynamics of obedience to the chairman. Banten. In Banten Local Election 2006 about 4,000 Banten people attended plenary meeting of Then there was support for Rano Karno- DPP TTKKDH in Sayar Village, Taktakan Sub- Embay Mulya Syarief by dozens of uniformed district. During the meeting, the organization masses of Satgas Kesenian Senit Tari (Kesti) through its representatives stated that they TTKKDH who attended to enliven the special supported the Tryana Sjam'un and Benjamin branch work meeting (Rakercabsus) DPC PDI Davnie as candidates for Governor and Vice Perjuangan Kota Cilegon, officially declared ready Governor of Banten 2006. Although the support to escort Banten pilkada and became successful was not fully followed by TTKKDH senior elders team Rano Karno-Embay Mulya Syarief. The who favored the couple -HM result above can be concluded that the support Masduki. This indicates that the support of the from TTKKDH becomes important for every TTKKDH organization is important as one of the candidate of Governor and Vice Governor of factors to win every candidate in the Banten local Banten 2017 to win elections. election contest. The involvement of TTKKDH in the Banten The support from TTKKDH becomes important local election 2017 due to the history of the active and the seizure of every candidate Governor and and involved TTKKDH in every Banten local Vice Governor of Banten. This is understandable election. The success of this flow is partly due to because the organization is present in 15 the ability to develop networks and ensure provinces and the largest in Banten, , subsistence for some of its members in the field of South (Palembang), security or to strengthen their integration into (Medan), , West , East and networks of widespread and active influence in . In addition, there are several martial arts the field of entrepreneurship or politics (Gabriel colleges abroad that are affiliated with TTKKDH Facal 2016: 74). as in Singapore, Australia, France, and the Based on the above explanation, this research Netherlands. In terms of combustion, will explain the role of jawara, especially TTKKDH geographical distribution and the number of its champion in Banten local election 2017. The role members, TTKKDH is the main pillar of various is a daily term that everyone has a good role in the governmental organizations controlling the socio-

122 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 136 family, society, and other fields. The role is a elders, branches of the TTKKDH organization, dynamic aspect of a position (status). When a other college organizations outside TTKKDH, person exercises his rights and obligations in unattached jawara with a particular college, accordance with his position, the person carries community organization, political party out a role. So there is no role without position and organization, and other institutions position without role (Soerjono Soekanto, 2015: As an elite, jawara experience social mobility 213). Below is the definition of a role according to especially when the Orde Baru era, so that its Ralph Linton: influence becomes dominant and become a local “A role represents the dynamic aspect of elite in Banten. According to Pareto the elite are status. The individual is socially assigned to a people who have the ability to be above the status and occupies it with relation to another society, because they have the qualities needed status. When he puts the rights and duties with for people's lives. Other experts such as Lipset constitute the statuses into effect, he is and Solari explain that the elite are those who performing a role. Role and status are quite occupy positions in society at the top of the most inseparable, and the distinction between them important social structures, namely high positions is only academic interest. There are no roles in government economics, military, political, without statuses or statuses without roles. religious, teaching and jobs (JW Schrool , 1982: Every individual has a series of the roles 128). deriving from the various patterns, in wich he To become an elite is necessary sources of participates and at the same time a role in power. Charles F. Andrain defines power as the general, wich represents the sum of total of use of a number of resources (assets, abilities) to these roles and determines what he does for obtain compliance from others (Andrain, 1992: his society and what he can expect from 130). While the source of power that consists of i(Lewis A. Coser, 1964: 363).” physical resources, economic, expertise, There are several components related to a role normative and personal. Jawara has a wider a person plays in society, namely a social position, source of power because it involves the source of role facilities, role-distance, and set of rules physical and economic power. With his magical (Soerjono Soekanto , 2015: 213-214). A person is and physical ability that sometimes becomes a able to perform his role in society if it has role tool to influence society. In addition, with the facilities. Jawara, in general, there is an social mobility of champions, especially after a institutionalized into a martial organization that period of reform that controls various economic has a place as an activity to practice the martial resources, making the jawara can take advantage arts. The TTKKDH organization has a clear of these factors to influence the community. structure from the center to the regions. The ability of the jawara in dominating social, To understand the role of individuals in politic, and economy in Banten can not be society, it is necessary to understand the concept separated from patron-client relationship. James of Merton called role-set or role device. This C. Scott, defines patron-client as a reciprocal concept explains that individuals have various relationship between two roles which can be roles that are incorporated and related to their interpreted as a special case involving widespread status as well as with the roles and status of resistance where one individual has a higher others. With a set of roles, a person or an socioeconomic status (patron) the resources it individual is constantly in touch with others who has to provide protection or benefits to other also have certain role devices. For example, a individuals with lower status (clients), where teacher has an interactionist relationship with clients have an obligation to retaliate by providing various parties in the school. The interaction can general support and assistance, including be with students, guardians, other teachers, personal services to patrons. school staff, and others. Patron-client relationship forms can be in the How to understand TTKKDH jawara and its form of a cluster ball (patron-client cluster) and role in society can be explained by the concept. pyramid pattern (patron-client pyramid). The TTKKDH jawara have certain roles with their cluster pattern is the form of a patron's interactions with social subsystems of martial arts relationship with some clients, while the pyramid organizations or colleges, such as relationships pattern is a combination of several patron-client with members of the university, with family groups led by a patron as the highest patron. In a members, surrounding communities, college patron-client pyramid, a client of the highest

123 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 136 patron is also a patron of several clients. Thus This group is found in rural Banten which is full there are several small patrons who become the of intrigue and is still developing (Michael C. highest patron clients and have several clients Williams, 2003: 54). Jawara is a term in Banten themselves (Maswadi Rauf, 2001: 99). for people who have martial arts skills and possess certain skills. In contrast to robbers and Meanwhile, to know the motivation of the thieves, they are figures who are able to maintain champions involved in politics, it is necessary to the safety and security of the village, so that the study the values and attitudes of the champions community respects their existence. In general themselves. Gabriel A. Almond and Sidney Verba the jawaras are very obedient to the ulama argue that political culture is a distinctly oriented because the spirit in their soul is obtained from attitude of citizens to the political system and its the ulama. But there are some who behave various parts and attitudes to the role of citizens negatively, but usually it can be overcome by in the system. Citizens always identify themselves their own colleagues. with symbols and state institutions based on their own orientation (Almond and Sidney Verba, Meaning that tend to be positive to the jawara 1990). delivered by Tihami, where the jawara become part of the people who have been educated in There are three types of political culture. First, pesantren. The true jawara of kiai students who parochial political culture, the political culture of study the religious sciences in pesantren. In individuals or societies who have absolutely no addition, they also explore the kanuragan idea about or ignore the political issues sciences of the kiai, which ultimately becomes the surrounding them. For example, tribal peoples are preferred orientation developed. But the image of alienated. Second, the subject's political culture, ie the jawara in the present tends to be negative, those who already have little information about where some jawara prefer to identify themselves politics, but no political stance, are easy to with the title of warriors. mobilize. They are passively obedient to government officials or politics and laws, without Jawara as a person who has martial ability can any capacity to evaluate. They are no further not be separated from martial arts college as a involved in political activities. Third, the political place to train his ability. In Banten there are culture of participants, those who already have several martial arts including TjimandeTari Kolot enough information and have the determination Kebon Djeruk Hilir (TTKKDH), Jalak Rawi, Macan to act in political life. They engage in political Paku Banten, Satria Muda Indonesia, Trumbu, activity, at least in voting. Bandrong, Macan Guling, Gagak Lumayung, Si Pecut, Pustaka Tani, and others. In martial arts SOURCE OF POWER AND ROLE OF SOCIAL-POLITICS groups that form the basis of the formation of JAWARA jawara, the youth are given a code of conduct by In the development of history, the term of the organization. Among the code of ethics that jawara has various versions because there is no should not be violated is, sirik (not to be jealous), historical evidence that explicitly records how or pidik(should not spite), ujub (not to show off), who the jawara. This is because the jawara and obedient to the leader. In addition there is a themselves are born from ordinary people, not principle known miheulaan ulah (do not put from the upper classes such as sultans, kings, attack first), kapiheulaan ulah (do not be attacked nobles, and other leaders who are often recorded first). So they have a principle when facing the in history. The history of the jawara according to opponent is prohibited abstinence, because if a the researchers, can generally be traced to the step back is considered infidel (kufr) (Priyono, rebellions that the people of Banten against the 2004: 88). Dutch colonialism as a form of protest against the In its development, the jawara are divided into colonization that caused the suffering of the two groups based on how to get the knowledge. people. First, the white wing champion (white magic) is a According to Sartono Kartodirdjo, the class of champion who uses the sciences of Islam as the jawara in general are people who do not have a main source of strength and used for good. steady job and often commit a crime (Sartono Second, the black wing champion (black magic) is Kartodirdjo, 2015: 56). Meanwhile, according to a champion who gained his strength not from the Michael C. Williams, the term jawara itself refers Islamic religion. The table below shows the to someone who is not only ready to oppose the difference of magic science based on black magic laws and all kinds of legal rules that exist, but also and white science which became the source of against anyone in order to achieve their goals. power of champion in Banten.

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Table 1 purposes. purposes. Basic Typology White Magic Black Magic Resource: Priyono, “Lurah, Kyai dan Jawara: Kepemimpinan Banten di Desa Senangsari Source Authority Kyai (Science Dukun/Uran Kabupaten Pandeglang”, Tesis, Departemen of Wisdom) g Pinter Antropologi Program Pascasarjana Antropologi Intention/Purpo Goodness Badness Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas se Indonesia, Depok, 2004 Ritual Practices of Objects worship such sometimes Jawara have a social role in Banten society, as fasting, accompanied because they have abilities that are not owned by memorizing by mixed society in general, so they tend to be followed. and reciting mantras According to Mohammad Hudaeri, the social roles Qur'anic (jangjawokan of the champions are as follows (Mohammad verses as a ) and verses Hudaeri, 2002): bargain for of the Qur'an • Jaro the soul of Jaro or commonly called the village people chief who leads a village. At the time of seeking the sultanate jaro was appointed by knowledge / the sultan with his main task was to getting help take care of the interests of the Magic Item It tends to be It tends to be sultanate, such as picking up tribute nonexistent, nonexistent, and deploying labor for consecrated just a rote just a rote work. In the course of daily work, jaro that needs to that needs to is assisted by other officials such as be mentioned be drawer (jaro secretary), jagakersa both mentioned (security department), pancalang periodically both (regulator letter), amil (tax collector as strictly as periodically and tax), merbot or modin (religious it is done as strictly as affairs and mosque). when it will it is done • Silat Teacher be necessary. when it will In pre-Islamic times has been known be necessary. term perguron or padepokan in the Requirements The purity of Sometimes it area around Gunung Karang, the soul in takes certain Pandeglang. In the society of Banten the form of requirement known various perguron or martial formal s such as organization, such as Terumbu, worship, and fasting for 7 Bandrong, Paku Banten, Jalak Rawi, away from consecutive Cimande, Si Pecut and so on. Each acts that days, but it is peguron has characteristics in the violate generally a stance and history of its birth. religion. talisman that • Magical Teacher Usually can be To be a famous jawara must be begins with summoned supported by good martial arts and the with a have inner or magical knowledge, ie fulfillment of certain the ability to manipulate supernatural certain ritual mantra or powers and to meet his practical forms of intention. needs, such as immune from various worship such sharp weapons, fireproof, predatory, as exorcist jinns and demons , spiritual congregation control and treatment, such as broken al prayer, bones and masseuse. The forms of fasting, wirid elves that are often used by the jawara in the amount are brajamusti (the ability to do a specified. great blow), ziyad (controlling Science for users Tend to long- Tend to something from afar), talisman or term short-term tattoo to seek authority, wealth or

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beloved, putter gilling (to rewind or Support jawara against Ratu Atut Chosiyah rediscover the person lost or blurred), can be seen from the support organization of elmu (to conquer a venomous or Persatuan Pendekar Persilatan dan Seni Budaya dangerous animal) and so on. Banten Indonesia (PPPSBBI) submitted on • Debus Players September 18, 2001. PPPSBBI itself is chaired by The role of jawara who is still close to a prominent figure who is none other than the the miracle is a game of debus. Debus parents of Ratu Atut Chosiyah. Support PPPSBBI game is mostly done by the jawara, in the form of a letter shown directly to the who are considered to have enough Governor and Vice Governor Election Committee magic. So not all jawara can do debus of Banten. The existence of the letter indicates game, because for those who can not several things between them. Firstly, the letter of afford it will bring disaster or accident. support has explicitly given a signal about the In Banten there are several kinds of alignment of the winner against the candidate for debus, namely debus al-madad, Vice Governor Ratu Atut Chosiyah, and whoever surosowan and langitan. Named the the candidate for governor who will be paired debus of al-madad (meaning asking for with the concerned. Secondly, the letter also help and help) because the players reflects one of the earliest forms of involvement every time do the action always say al- of the jawara in the election process of the madad words, which seemed to Governor and Vice Governor (Lili Romli, 2007: illustrate that this action is based on 151). the help of Allah SWT. Debus al-madad The involvement of the jawara in the Banten is the greatest debus because to local election 2001 was seen with involvement in perform this game his khalifah (group the form of mass mobilization. The jawara also leader) must perform a very long and intimidate candidates and supporters of heavy deed. These khalifah debus candidates for certain Governor-Vice Governor deeds are taken from the Rifa'iyah or candidates. Furthermore, in the form of securing Qodariyah. the election by mobilizing its mass to secure the • Kyai Khodim DPRD building. As a concrete form of support of The real jawara is kiai khodim. The Tokoh Jawara against the partner he was sitting role of kiai khodim means to play the on, he sat in the sitting seat of the VIP invitation. role that the kiai teaches, that is to In addition, the support of jawara is inseparable defend the truth, to side with the from the motivation to master economic weak, polite and not arrogant behavior resources (Lili Romli, 2007: 151-153). and a number of other normative rules. The ideal roles are rarely The results of research conducted by Abdul performed by the jawara in the midst Hamid in assessing the role of group winners in of a materialistic life. supporting Djoko-Atut in the election of Governor and Wail Governor of Banten period 2001-2006. While the role of jawara in the reform period The findings of this study are champions as a can be seen at the Banten local election in 2001 strategic group doing two strategies. First, by which is still selected by the DPRD. In this hybridization, the expansion of the takeover into election the jawara have the influence to win the new areas by utilizing new sources of income. candidates they hold. In the election there is a Then get support from the jawara and famous jawara boy who will progress to Vice bring opportunities for winners to get Governor of Banten, namely Ratu Atut Chosiyah. development projects. Second, by way of coalition Previously Ratu Atut Chosiyah mostly run the that is building cooperation with various company business of his parents namely PT. strategic groups, government and military Sinar Ciomas Group. According to Boyke Personal institutions. The position of the jawara is strong lecturer University of Tirtayasa (Untirta), "Golkar because they control the sources of power such supports Atut is inseparable from the great role as economic resources, means of coercion, of his father, Jawara. He is a character who is personal charisma and organized masses. In the considered to have many services to Golkar "(Lili election of the Governor of Banten in 2001 the Romli, 2007: 143). This is understandable jawara of the rawu group had role as follows. because the prominent figure became a First, the winner wins the internal battle of supporter of the Orde Baru and participated in Golkar regarding the position to be taken and securing government policies at that time. who will be submitted. Second, take the PPP as

126 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 136 the main coalition partner. Third, intimidation by while the ruler needs support jawara as one mobilizing the power of the masses. Fourth, doing factor to win back in the election of leaders in money politics. Fifth, the control of opinion Banten. (Abdul Hamid, 2004). MOTIVATION AND THE ROLE OF TTKKDH IN Then in the elections of the Governor and Vice SUPPORTING WAHIDIN HALIM-ANDIKA HAZRUMY Governor of Banten 2006 which directly In the previous discussion explained about the conducted by the community, the jawara were re- political role of the jawara, especially in every involved in the support of the spouses of the local election which started in 2001, the electoral governor and the deputy governor. In the election mechanism is still conducted by the DPRD, then there are four pairs of candidates set KPUD proceeded to pilkada conducted directly by the namely Tb. Tryana Sjam'un-Benyamin Davnie, community. Based on the description, the jawara Ratu Atut Chosiyah-HM. Masduki, Irsyad Djuweli- s are always involved in supporting the support Mas Achmad Daniri, and last Zulkiflimansyah- of candidate pair of Governor and Vice Governor Marissa Haque. Each pair of candidates is of Banten because they have influence and social supported by a jawara, either from a jawara who identification which followed by society, besides has been organized in an organization or jawara to maintain various resources, economic, social who does have the personal ability to follow. The and political. One of the Jawara organization table below shows the support of the jawara to which is often involved in the dynamics of Banten each candidate pair of Governor and Vice regional head elections is the organization of Governor in Banten local election 2006. TTKKDH and in Banten election 2017 supports Tryana Sjam'un-Benjamin Davnie is supported the couple Wahidin Halim-Andika Hazrumy. by a jawara TTKKDH who is one of the jawara There are several political roles jawara organization that has a wide network in Banten TTKKDH in supporting candidate pair of and rooted. Individual jawara is supported by Governor and Vice Governor of Banten Wahidin Buya Karis, Apih July who was previously a Halim-Andika Hazrumy in Banten local election member of the Volunteers of Banten Bersatu 2017 of them: (RBB), H. Suraka as a lot of poor jawara across Jakarta. Ratu Atut Chosiyah couples are also First, Supporters. Jawara TTKKDH in the supported by TTKKDH especially the dedengkot interaction did not close the relationship and (pini sepuh). In addition the couple is supported friendship with the candidate of the governor and by PPPSBBI which is a leader organization leader deputy governor Wahidin Halim-Andika of Jawara. Couples Zulkiflimansyah-Marissa Hazrumy and Rano Karno-Embay Mulya Syarief. Haque and Irsyad Juseli-A Daniri not so much Any candidate for a candidate for governor of supported jawara like the other couple. Among Banten who wants to make a relationship with the couples who support Zulkiflimansyah-Marisa TTKKDH will be welcomed. However, in the Haque is Sudirman, other than that the jawara process TTKKDH support was given to the who are affiliated to the PDIP also support Wahidin Halim-Andika Hazrumy, this was Marissa's campaign (Lili Romli, 2007: 179-188). revealed by Fitron Nur Ikhsan as the person involved in the winning team of Wahidin Halim- Based on the perspective of elite theory where Andika Hazrumy, where the declaration of the jawaras are people who have the ability to be TTKKDH support was given at Ratu Serang Hotel above other societies because the jawara have the Banten. As an old and deeply rooted organization ability of magic, courage, martial arts. In in Banten, the declaration indirectly also gives additional they occupy the top position due to direction to TTKKDH members who are in the social mobility and control of economic regions to follow the leader's instructions. resources, government, and have good relations with security forces such as police and soldiers. Second, Facilitator. As an official martial organization in Banten, TTKKDH has a Jawara has the ability to mobilize patron- secretariat, paguron or a place to teach martial client relations among fellow jawara due to arts to its members. Paguron is a place to material dependence. Jawara figures as the facilitate candidates who want connect and ask Banten elite master the various economic for support to TTKKDH. Andika Hazrumy as a resources so many who patron to him. While the candidate for vice governor of Banten 2017 has relationship jawara with the ruler is more visited the secretariat of TTKKDH, and the result symbiotic mutualism because the jawara need of the visit is the support from TTKKDH to the the support of the ruler to defend his interests, couple Wahidin Halim-Andika Hazrumy. TTKKDH

127 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 136 itself opens opportunities for anyone to connect, accordance with TTKKDH. While the pragmatists but more supportive couple Wahidin Halim- because in its history especially since the Orde Andika Hazrumy. Jawara as a facilitator because Baru came to power, TTKKDH tended to support it has role facilities (role facilities) in the form of Golkar. Support to the ruling regime caused the Hermes from center to areas in Banten. winner or TTKKDH to always be a member of the board. In Serang City itself, there are indications Third, the Opinion. Jawara as one of the of some parking lots and security coordinated by subcultures in Banten because it has advantages TTKKDH, so that with the support of the ruler can of ordinary people, however, have the influence provide the existence of the roles of TTKKDH of opinion leaders. In addition, TTKKDH has jawara in the mastery of several economic branches up to the area to be followed by each sources. There are three political cultures: member. In the organization of the jawara parochial, subject, and participant. TTKKDH TTKKDH there is a pledge or oath of allegiance jawara in politics falls into the category of called partelekan, where every member or participant's political culture because they have student of TTKKDH must follow instruction or been actively involved in local politics since the election from the chairman. When the head of Orde Baru and often its members get positions in TTKKDH H. Maman Rizal gives choice and government. support to the couple Wahidin Halim-Andika

Hazrumy then automatically every member or student of TTKKDH must follow the direction. REFERENCES One of the reasons TTKKDH jawara to give support to the couple Wahidin Halim-Andika Agustino, Leo (2011). Pilkada dan Dinamika Hazrumy because of their leadership character Politik Lokal. : Pustaka Pelajar. according to what is outlined by TTKKDH.

Although the relationship of a champion with the Abdul Hamid, “Peran Jawara Kelompok Rawu jawara there are elements of the material, in terhadap Kemenangan Pasangan “Djoko- TTKKDH there is another element called as Atut” dalam Pemilihan Gubernur dan Wakil partelekan. With partelekan members of the Gubernur Banten Periode 2001-2006”, champion must follow what is ordered by the Skripsi, Program Sarjana Departemen Ilmu chairman, so that patron-client relationship is not Politik Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik always a material element. Jawara TTKKDH in the Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 2004. community has the advantage of often holding art events such as debus, so it is considered to have Almond dan Sidney Verba. (1990). Budaya Politik, more ability than the public in general, and with Tingkah Laku Politik dan Demokrasi di Lima these advantages, they become the elite who Negara (terj. Sahat Simamora), Jakarta: followed his opinion by the people. Bumi Aksara, Fourth, Team Success. Another role performed by TTKKDH is a successful team. There are Amirudin dan A. Zaini Bisri. (2006). Pilkada various forms performed by successful teams to Langsung Problem dan Prospek Sketsa win Wahidin Halim-Andika Hazrumy candidates Singkat Perjalanan Pilkada 2005, such as campaigning, mobilizing the masses, or Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. engaging in other activities. Based on the information that the authors obtained from some Andrain. (1992). Kehidupan Politik dan sources, it is known there are members of Perubahan Sosial, Yogyakarta: Tiara TTKKDH who later became a successful team in Wacana winning the couple Wahidin Halim-Andika Hazrumy. By becoming a successful team, Coser, Lewis A. dan Bernard Rosenberg. (1964). TTKKDH members become active in campaign Sociological Theory, A Book of Reading, The activities and other related activities to win the New York: Macmilan Company. spouses they support. Facal, Gabriel. (2016).Keyakinan dan Kekuatan Support of TTKKDH jawara to Wahidin Halim- Seni Bela Diri Silat Banten, Jakarta: Yayasan Andika Hazrumy driven various motives, ranging Pustaka Obor Indonesia. from the normative and the pragmatic- opportunistic. Normative because of the support Kartodirdjo, Sartono. (1984). Pemberontakan they give to the couple Wahidin Halim-Andika Petani Banten 1888, Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya. Harzumy because of their character that is in

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Rauf, Maswadi. (2001). Konsensus dan Konflik Lili Romli, “Jawara dan Penguasaan Politik Lokal Politik, Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal di Provinsi Banten (2001-2006)”, Disertasi, Pendidikan Tinggi, Depdiknas, Departemen Ilmu Politik Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Schoorl, J.W. (1982). Modernisasi; Pengantar Politik Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 2007. Sosiologi Pembangunan Negara-Negara Sedang Berkembang, Jakarta: Gramedia, Mohammad Hudaeri, “Tasbih dan Golok: Studi Tentang Kedudukan, Peran dan Jaringan Soekanto, Soerjono. (2015). Sosiologi Suatu Kyai dan Jawara di Banten”, Laporan Pengantar, Jakarta: Raajwai Pers Penelitian, Serang: Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten, 2002. William, Michael C. (2003). Arit dan Bulan Sabit: Pemberontakan Komunis 1926 di Banten, Priyono, “Lurah Kyai dan Jawara: Kepemimpinan Yogyakarta: Syarikat Banten di Desa Senangsari Kabupaten . Pandeglang”, Tesis, Departemen Antropologi Politik Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 2004.

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