LUXEMBOURG IN FIGURES – 2020 CONTENTS
TERRITORY & ENVIRONMENT...... 4 Territory & Climate...... 5
Environment & Energy...... 7
POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT...... 11 Population structure...... 11
Labour Market...... 15
SOCIAL CONDITIONS...... 17 Social life...... 17
Social security & Health...... 19
Accidents...... 20
Crime...... 21
Education...... 21
Politics...... 22
Culture & Travelling...... 23
ENTERPRISES...... 25 Business demography...... 25
Agriculture, Wine-growing & Forestry...... 27
Handicraft...... 29
Industry...... 30
Construction & Housing...... 30
Tourism...... 31
Transport...... 32
Financial services...... 34
Sciences & Technologies...... 36 ECONOMY & FINANCES...... 37 National accounts...... 37
Public finances...... 39
External trade...... 40
Balance of current account...... 42
Prices & Inflation...... 44
Consumption...... 46
International comparison...... 47
COVID-19...... 51 Key indicators for Luxembourg...... 51
Key indicators in the world...... 53
Impacts on the population...... 54
Impacts on the labour market...... 55
Economic impacts...... 57
DISCOVER STATEC’S OTHER PUBLICATIONS...... 61 Regards...... 61
Analyses...... 61
Répertoire des entreprises...... 62
Note de conjoncture...... 62
Conjoncture flash...... 63
Économie et statistiques...... 63
Cross-border-collaboration...... 63
Sources...... 64
Legend - nil ... not available . not applicable TERRITORY & ENVIRONMENT
The 12 cantons of Luxembourg
Clervaux Germany
Wiltz Vianden
Diekirch
Redange Echternach Mersch
Grevenmacher
Belgium Capellen Luxembourg
Remich Esch-sur-Alzette
France
4 Territory
Geographical survey Total area of the Grand Duchy 2,586 km2 100% Area of the two natural regions in the north: Éislek (Oesling) 828 km2 32% in the south: Guttland (Good country) 1,758 km2 68%
Dimensions North-South East-West Maximum 82 km 57 km
Length of the border Total length 356 km with France 73 km with Germany 135 km with Belgium 148 km
Altitudes Maximum (Wilwerdange) 560 m Minimum (Wasserbillig) 130 m Luxembourg-City 300 m
Land use in 2019
Road-net, railway network, etc. Watercourses and waterbody 4.5% 0.6%
Agricultural and wooded area 84.8%
Built-up area 9.8%
5 Climate
Luxembourg-City January April July October 12 months Average 1981-2010 Temperature (in °C) Average 1.4 8.9 18.6 9.7 9.6 Maximum 11.3 22.9 32.7 21.7 21.9 Minimum -10.1 -3.0 6.8 -1.4 -2.0 Relative humidity (in %) 86.9 71.7 71.0 85.0 79.1 Hours of sunshine 45.7 166.9 229.8 100.2 1,568.1
Rainfalls and temperatures in Luxembourg-City
Temperature in °C Rainfall in mm
20 160
18 140 16 120 14 12 100 10 80
8 60 6 40 4 2 20 0 0 April July May June March January August February October December November September Rainfall (1981-2010) Rainfall 2019 Temperature (1981-2010) Temperature 2019
6 Environment
Air pollution EU Norm 2010 2018 2019 µg/m³ Protection of the human health Highest recorded value 1 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 40 59 42 44 Nitrogen oxides 301 21 16 16 (NOx=NO+NO2, in rural area) 1 Particulate matter (PM10, <10 µm) 40 25 21 21 2,3 2,4 Ozone (O3) 180 / 240 202 220 207 Carbon monoxide (CO) 10,0005 1,020 999 1,101
1 annual average 2 hourly average 3 information threshold for the population (1 hour) 4 alert threshold (3 consecutive hours) 5 average over 8 hours
Status of water bodies 2009 2015 in % Ecological status good 7 3 moderate 52 66 poor 26 23 bad 16 8 Chemical status good 70 - not good 30 100 Hydromorphological status good 63 - moderate 20 2 poor 16 31 bad 2 67
7 Woodland cover
< 10 %
10-19 %
20-29 %
30-39 %
40-49 %
≥ 50 %
Forest 2000 2010 2000 2010 in hectares in % Wooded land 91,450 91,400 100.0 100.0 Public forest 40,950 42,000 44.8 46.0 Private forest 50,500 49,400 55.2 54.0
8 Forest health status
Trees with no damage Trees slightly damaged Trees considerably damaged
2000 2000 2000 43.6% 33.0% 23.4%
2016 2016 2016 28.6% 33.1% 38.3%
2019 2019 2019 13.4% 36.6% 50.0%
Wastes 2000 2010 2017 2018 in 1,000 tonnes Total (without inert wastes) 285 344 367 371 of which: Household wastes 239 300 322 326
in % recycling 21.6 26.9 28.5 28.1 composting 14.2 19.5 21.7 22.2 incineration with energy recovery 43.2 37.7 43.3 43.6 disposal1 21.0 15.8 6.4 6.2
in kg Household wastes per capita 547 592 540 536
1 before biological treatment
9 Energy
Final consumption of energy 2010 2017 2018 2018 in 1,000 tons oil equivalent in % of the total By product Coal products 67 45 42 1.0 Natural gas (NCV) 675 618 618 14.2 Electricity 567 550 552 12.7 Heat 73 66 74 1.7 Oil products 2,839 2,721 2,876 66.1 Other (wood, biofuel) 108 184 186 4.3
By use Transport 2,630 2,557 2,730 62.8 Industries 755 642 631 14.5 Households 511 522 502 11.5 Services 425 457 478 11.0 Agriculture 8 6 7 0.2 Total 4,328 4,184 4,349 100.0
10 POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT
Population structure
Population censuses 1991 2001 2011 20201 x 1,000 Total population 384.4 439.5 512.4 626.1 of which: Women 196.1 223.0 257.4 311.1 Luxembourgers 271.4 277.2 291.9 329.6 Foreigners 113.0 162.3 220.5 296.5 of which: Portuguese 39.1 58.7 82.4 95.1 French 13.0 20.0 31.5 47.8 Italians 19.5 19.0 18.1 23.0 Belgians 10.1 14.8 16.9 19.8 Germans 8.8 10.1 12.0 12.8 Other EU-28 countries 13.3 17.2 30.9 49.4 Other 9.2 22.5 28.7 48.6
Foreigners in % 29.4 36.9 43.0 47.4
1 based on the population register on January 1st
Evolution of the population in 1,000 inhabitants 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Total population Luxembourgers Foreigners
11 Total population by age group on January 1st, 2020
Men Women +90 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 in % of total population
Life expectancy at birth 1990/92 2000/02 2010/12 2017/19 Age Males 72.6 74.8 78.6 80.0 Females 79.1 81.0 83.4 84.5
Population by age groups 1991 2001 2011 20201 in % Working age (15 to 64 years) 68.4 67.2 68.7 69.5 of which: Women (15 to 64 years) 33.7 33.2 33.8 34.0 Children (0 to 14 years) 17.3 18.9 17.3 16.0 of which: Girls (0 to 14 years) 8.4 9.2 8.4 7.8 Third age (65 years and more) 14.3 13.9 14.0 14.5 of which: Women (65 years and more) 8.2 8.3 8.0 7.9
1 based on the population register on January 1st
12 Population movement 2000 2010 2017 2018 2019 Live births 5,723 5,874 6,174 6,274 6,230 of which: Girls 2,745 2,914 3,003 3,078 3,123 Luxembourgers 2,917 3,029 3,277 3,195 3,226 Foreigners 2,806 2,845 2,897 3,079 3,004 Births per 1,000 inhabitants 13.1 11.6 10.3 10.3 10.0 Luxembourgers 10.6 10.5 10.4 10.0 9.9 Foreigners 17.3 13.0 10.1 10.6 10.2 Total fertility rate 1.78 1.63 1.39 1.38 1.34
Deaths 3,749 3,760 4,263 4,318 4,283 of which: Women 1,859 1,857 2,132 2,123 2,099 Luxembourgers 3,202 3,049 3,284 3,298 3,256 Foreigners 547 711 979 1,020 1,027 Deaths by some main causes Diseases of the circulatory system 1,442 1,256 1,276 … … Neoplasms 991 1,061 1,160 … … Suicides and events of undetermined intention 66 74 66 … … Deaths < 1 year 29 20 20 27 29 Rates per 1,000 live births 5.1 3.4 3.2 4.3 4.7
Natural increase 1,969 2,114 1,911 1,956 1,947 Luxembourgers -290 -20 -7 -103 -30 Foreigners 2,259 2,134 1,918 2,059 1,977
Marriages 2,148 1,749 1,908 1,896 2,143 of which: Same sex marriages - - 42 48 59 Divorces 1,030 1,083 1,192 1,230 1,906
Naturalisations 684 4,311 9,030 11,876 11,451
Births Number of children in 2019 per woman in 2019 6,230 1.34
Mean age at birth of first child Deaths in 2019 in 2019 31.0 4,283
13 The most populated municipalities 1991 2001 2011 20201 x 1,000 Luxembourg-City 75.8 76.7 95.1 122.3 Esch-sur-Alzette 24.0 27.2 30.1 36.2 Differdange 15.7 18.2 21.9 27.4 Dudelange 14.7 17.3 18.8 21.3 Pétange 12.4 13.7 16.1 19.6 Sanem 11.6 13.0 14.5 17.6 Hesperange 9.9 10.4 13.3 15.6 Bettembourg 8.0 9.1 9.8 11.3 Schifflange 6.9 7.8 8.9 11.3 Käerjeng 6.7 8.7 9.7 10.5
1 based on the population register on January 1st
Households, buildings 1970 1991 2011 2020 x 1,000 Private households 108.7 144.7 208.6 265.0 of which: Foreign households 17.7 39.9 88.9 ... Inhabited buildings1 80.9 105.8 130.1 146.7
1 in 2020, estimate of the number of buildings (inhabited or not) on March 1st, 2020
Asylum seekers 2000 2010 2018 2019 Arrivals 627 796 2,204 2,047 of which: Eritreans - 11 392 510 Syrians 2 19 227 287 Afghans 14 16 175 162 Iraqis 3 95 196 110
Returns … 202 230 192 of which: Forced … 103 32 64
14 Labour Market
Employment and unemployment 2000 2010 2018 2019 x 1,000 (annual average) 1. Domestic employment 264.0 359.6 448.8 465.0 Wage-earners 245.7 337.4 421.8 437.4 Employers, self-employed, unpaid family workers 18.3 22.1 27.0 27.7 2. Net borderers (a) - (b) 79.3 141.2 183.8 192.9 a. Non-resident borderers 88.1 152.4 196.8 206.0 Employers, self-employed, unpaid family workers 1.1 3.1 4.9 5.2 Wage-earners 87.0 149.3 191.9 200.9 of which from: France 46.7 75.0 99.5 105.2 Belgium 24.3 37.8 46.6 48.1 Germany 16.1 36.5 45.8 47.5 b. Resident borderers 8.8 11.2 13.0 13.1 of which: International agents and civil servants 7.8 10.1 11.3 11.3 3. National employment (1) - (2) 184.7 218.4 265.0 272.1 4. Unemployed 4.5 13.5 15.3 15.4 5. Active population (3) + (4) 189.2 231.9 280.3 287.4 6. Unemployment rate in % (4) : (5) 2.4 5.8 5.4 5.4
15 Domestic employment by branches 2000 2010 2018 2019 x 1,000 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.6 Mining and quarrying 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Manufacturing 34.0 32.7 32.7 32.8 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 Water supply 2.1 2.6 2.9 3.0 Construction 28.6 39.0 45.9 47.7 Wholesale and retail trade; 37.2 44.7 Repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 52.8 55.0 Transportation and storage 17.5 24.2 27.2 28.4 Accommodation and food service activities 12.9 16.5 21.1 21.8 Information and communication 8.8 14.1 20.0 20.8 Financial and insurance activities 30.1 40.9 48.5 50.4 Real estate activities 1.4 2.9 4.4 4.7 Professional, scientific and technical activities 15.4 29.7 45.2 47.1 Administrative and support service activities 14.7 22.4 31.2 32.5 Public administration and defence 15.0 20.1 25.7 26.7 Education 11.7 16.5 19.9 20.7 Human health and social work activities 17.6 32.1 46.9 48.9 Arts, entertainment and recreation 2.1 3.4 4.4 4.6 Other service activities 5.2 7.1 8.5 8.7 Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing 3.9 4.8 5.7 5.7 activities of households for own use Total 264.0 359.6 448.8 465.0
16 SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Social life
Income and poverty 2003 2010 2017 2018 Disposable income in EUR/month Mean disposable income per household 4,181 5,118 5,880 6,285 Mean disposable income per adult-equivalent 2,472 3,033 3,464 3,989 Median disposable income per household 3,532 4,350 4,957 5,028 Median disposable income per adult-equivalent 2,148 2,694 3,006 3,355 Indicators of poverty and income inequality At-risk-of-poverty threshold (in EUR) 1,289 1,617 1,804 2,013 At-risk-of-poverty rate (in %) 11.9 14.5 18.7 18.3
Wages 2005 2010 2018 2019 Average annual gross earnings by economic activity (Full-time workers) in EUR Industry and services 43,769 51,315 61,720 63,015 Men 45,941 53,577 64,170 65,295 Women 38,874 46,543 56,951 58,621
Industry 40,488 46,314 53,009 53,427 Men 42,064 47,828 54,543 54,737 Women 31,810 37,540 44,830 46,530
Construction 31,468 36,179 42,847 44,005 Men 31,419 36,050 42,589 43,740 Women 32,336 38,049 46,302 47,531
Services 46,397 54,348 63,457 64,679 Men 50,543 58,808 69,552 70,650 Women 39,559 47,261 54,189 55,642
17 Social minimum wage as from Rate Minimum hourly Minimum monthly January 1st, 2020 gross wage gross wage Index = 834.76 in % in EUR in EUR Qualified adults 120 14.8578 2,570.39 Unqualified adults 100 12.3815 2,141.99 17 to <18 years 80 9.9052 1,713.60 15 to <17 years 75 9.2861 1,606.56
Mean consumption expenditure of households 1998 2010 2016 2017 in ‰ Total 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 Food and non-alcoholic beverages 100.8 87.7 86.1 83.9 Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 19.9 14.2 13.6 13.4 Clothing and footwear 59.4 61.6 53.0 50.9 Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels 273.5 337.7 357.1 365.0 Furnishings, household equipment and routine 82.2 62.7 63.0 60.6 maintenance of the house Health 23.7 24.7 25.4 27.6 Transport 155.0 144.9 134.3 132.0 Communication 21.1 21.5 25.9 26.2 Recreation and culture 87.0 73.0 64.7 62.3 Education 1.7 3.5 7.9 7.8 Hotels, cafes and restaurants 96.1 75.8 83.7 85.5 Miscellaneous goods and services 79.6 92.8 85.4 84.7
Monthly mean disposable income per household € € € €
in 2003 in 2010 in 2017 in 2018
18 Social security & Health
Social security 2000 2010 2018 2019 Health and maternity insurance Number of insured 352,636 474,966 591,831 611,172 Number of covered persons 535,424 699,539 858,357 879,932 Regular expenditures (in millions of EUR) 1,069.4 2,217.1 3,263.9 3,617.6
Long term care insurance Number of covered persons 535,424 699,539 858,357 879,932 Regular expenditures (in millions of EUR) 223.1 729.1 715.8 1,032.0
Pension benefits Number of contributors 247,253 347,886 436,318 448,548 Number of pensions1 107,571 138,483 181,281 187,412 Total amount paid in pensions (in millions of EUR) 1,476.5 2,849.5 4,359.4 4,611.3
Accident insurance Number of insured enterprises 24,413 40,760 50,353 … Claims made 34,127 33,990 34,091 … Claims paid and surrender of claims 16,083 15,317 13,192 … Expenditure on benefits (in millions of EUR) Goods and services 25.6 36.7 36.8 37.2 Cash payments 114.6 164.7 159.9 165.7
1 new methodology from 2010 onwards
Health (Situation on January 1st) 2010 2017 2018 2019 Practising physicians1 1,406 1,780 … … General practitioners 414 534 … … Specialists physicians (stomatologists included) 992 1,246 … … Practising dentists and dental specialists 422 581 … … Veterinarians in activity 184 249 256 263 Practising nurses and health care assistants 8,268 10,636 … … Practising physicians per 1,000 inhabitants (without dentists) 2.8 3.0 … … Pharmacies open to the public 91 95 97 97 Hospital pharmacies 7 5 5 5 Hospitals 13 12 13 13 Hospital beds 2,821 2,795 2,755 2,659 Beds per 1,000 inhabitants 5.6 4.7 4.5 4.3
1 physicians providing services directly to patients
19 Reported cases of epidemic 2010 2017 2018 2019 AIDS 7 8 4 3 Tuberculosis 27 33 42 50 Hepatitis C 73 94 69 54
Accidents
Road accidents 2000 2010 2018 2019 Accidents resulting in death or injury 901 876 947 988 of which: Fatal accidents 68 29 31 22 Casualties 1,333 1,217 1,254 1,318 Killed 76 32 36 22 Injured 1,257 1,185 1,218 1,296 of which: Seriously injured 400 266 273 248
Persons killed in road accidents
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Men Women
20 Crime
Offences 2000 2010 2018 2019 Total 22,816 30,532 37,288 38,773 Offences against goods 16,407 18,531 22,915 22,228 of which: Burglaries 2,951 2,413 3,667 3,531 Thefts linked to vehicles 3,886 2,018 2,568 2,140 Other thefts 5,552 7,218 10,422 10,047 Offences against people 2,351 6,134 7,409 8,070 of which: Acts of violence 1,269 2,682 3,494 3,709
Education 1999/2000 2009/10 2017/18 2018/19 Pupils1 Elementary school: cycle 1 - Early childhood education 2,035 4,105 4,411 4,342 cycle 1 - Pre-primary education 10,704 10,026 11,253 11,726 cycles 2 to 4 - Primary education 30,475 32,312 33,163 33,646 Technical secondary education 20,962 25,184 26,703 26,597 Secondary education 9,641 12,757 11,847 11,938 International education2 … 101 1,496 2,164 University of Luxembourg 1,409 4,934 6,415 6,452 Advanced technician's certificate training (B.T.S.) 205 274 763 829 Students at foreign universities3 4,401 8,562 28,390 29,499 of which: in Belgium 1,166 1,793 7,466 7,462 in France 885 1,310 5,910 6,052
Teachers1, 4, 5 Elementary school: cycle 1 - Early childhood education - 381 578 637 cycle 1 - Pre-primary education 631 946 985 1,019 cycles 2 to 4 - Primary education 1,949 3,498 4,397 4,598 Secondary and technical secondary education 3,031 4,096 4,569 4,639
1 without international and private schools which don't follow the official programs defined by the Ministry of Education 2 international education includes all classes of international, British and European schooling in public schools for primary and secondary education 3 students on grant 4 including uncertificated teachers 5 teachers working both in early childhood education and in pre-primary education are counted within pre-primary education 21 Politics
National elections 2004 2009 2013 2018 Number of seats All parties 60 60 60 60 Christian Social People's Party (CSV) 24 26 23 21 Democratic Party (DP) 10 9 13 12 Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) 14 13 13 10 The Greens (Déi Gréng) 7 7 6 9 Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR)1 5 4 3 4 The Left (Déi Lénk) . 1 2 2 Pirate Party Luxembourg (Piratepartei) . . . 2
in % Women 23.3 20.0 28.0 25.0 1 2004: Action Committee for Democracy and Pensions Justice
Composition of the Chamber of Deputies (2018)
DP LSAP Déi Gréng CSV ADR Déi Lénk Piratepartei
European elections 2004 2009 2014 2019 Number of seats All parties 6 6 6 6 Christian Social People's Party (CSV) 3 3 3 2 Democratic Party (DP) 1 1 1 2 Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) 1 1 1 1 The Greens (Déi Gréng) 1 1 1 1
22 Local elections 1999 2005 2011 2017 Municipal councils (proportional representation) Number of seats All parties 420 475 555 600 Christian Social People's Party (CSV) 126 151 170 209 Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) 139 165 168 155 Democratic Party (DP) 106 100 106 108 The Greens (Déi Gréng) 23 41 74 77 The Left (Déi Lénk) 6 1 7 8 Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR)1 11 5 4 4 Other parties 9 12 26 39
1 1999-2005: Action Committee for Democracy and Pensions Justice
Culture & Travelling
2016 2017 2018 2019 National library of Luxembourg Registered users 19,232 19,874 21,704 25,712 Borrowed documents 89,716 83,992 83,522 79,944 Onsite consultation 18,972 21,390 16,234 7,769 Interlibrary loan 7,206 6,426 7,992 4,302 Online consultation on eluxemburgensia.lu 953,442 1,147,083 1,815,856 1,797,367
Visits of cultural institutions National Museum of History and Art (MNHA) 63,974 63,988 82,913 83,363 National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) 26,602 48,813 54,063 51,793 Museum of Modern Art Grand-Duc Jean (MUDAM) 97,081 99,865 133,595 128,275 Philharmonie Luxembourg 190,050 192,331 206,097 215,057 Rockhal (Centre de Musiques Amplifiées) 230,824 … 254,786 258,785 Permanent exhibition "The Family of Man" 16,040 15,310 14,308 15,745
Leisure trips - Mean expenditure per person (2019) €
Total Transport Accommodation Other expenses
23 Leisure trips in the resident population 2000 2010 2018 2019 aged 15 and over Level of participation1 (in %) 74.6 74.6 81.1 83.0 among 15-24 years old 83.7 72.9 85.9 89.8 among 25-44 years old 82.5 80.4 87.1 87.5 among 45-64 years old 74.3 78.7 82.0 82.0 among 65 years and over 49.6 55.1 62.9 69.5 Average duration in nights 9.6 7.1 7.0 6.8 By plane (in %) 31.6 31.5 40.4 40.7 By car (rented cars are excluded) (in %) 52.7 56.0 49.8 48.9
1 at least 1 overnight leisure trip during the reference year
Main destination countries for leisure trips (2019)
I