FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION 1 INDICATIONS and USAGE Ella Is a Progesterone Agonist/Antagonist Emergency Contraceptive Indicate
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35 Cyproterone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets 2 Mg/0
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH INCLUDING PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION PrCYESTRA®-35 cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets 2 mg/0.035 mg THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION Acne Therapy Paladin Labs Inc. Date of Preparation: 100 Alexis Nihon Blvd, Suite 600 January 17, 2019 St-Laurent, Quebec H4M 2P2 Version: 6.0 Control # 223341 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ CYESTRA-35 Product Monograph Page 1 of 48 Table of Contents PART I: HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION ....................................................................... 3 SUMMARY PRODUCT INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 3 INDICATION AND CLINICAL USE ..................................................................................................... 3 CONTRAINDICATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 3 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ....................................................................................................... 4 ADVERSE REACTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 13 DRUG INTERACTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 16 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................................ 20 OVERDOSAGE .................................................................................................................................... -
Phenobarbital Brand Name: Phenobarb
Generic Name: Phenobarbital Brand Name: Phenobarb What Is It Used For? Decreasing seizure activity in various types of seizures. Especially useful for controlling seizures in neonates and infants Given intravenously in the emergency department for status epilepticus. How Long Does The Oral Medicine Take to Work? 10-30 days What Are The Important Safety Concerns? When first starting the medicine, your child may be slightly drowsy and/or dizzy. Only adjust the dosage as recommended by your health care provider. They will usually increase this medication slowly to avoid side effects. Never increase the dosage more than once per week unless directed otherwise. Once you have started with one brand of the medication stay with it. Avoid switching between different brands. Check with your pharmacist before taking herbal medications and/or over-the- counter medications. They may have adverse effects if taken with anti-seizure medications. Do not stop taking this medication suddenly because this could result in seizures. It is important to keep a record of your child’s seizures and side effects to determine how well they are responding to the medication. Does My Child Need Bloodwork With This Medication? Routine blood work may be done to help determine the best dosage for your child, and also if they have side effects to the medication. If your child is required to have blood work it must be done BEFORE they get the medication. This is called a trough level. This level usually falls between 65 and 170. A blood test may be done before starting this medication to check your child’s liver function and blood counts. -
Optum Essential Health Benefits Enhanced Formulary PDL January
PENICILLINS ketorolac tromethamineQL GENERIC mefenamic acid amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium nabumetone amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium ER naproxen January 2016 ampicillin naproxen sodium ampicillin sodium naproxen sodium CR ESSENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS ampicillin-sulbactam naproxen sodium ER ENHANCED PREFERRED DRUG LIST nafcillin sodium naproxen DR The Optum Preferred Drug List is a guide identifying oxacillin sodium oxaprozin preferred brand-name medicines within select penicillin G potassium piroxicam therapeutic categories. The Preferred Drug List may piperacillin sodium/ tazobactam sulindac not include all drugs covered by your prescription sodium tolmetin sodium drug benefit. Generic medicines are available within many of the therapeutic categories listed, in addition piperacillin sodium/tazobactam Fenoprofen Calcium sodium to categories not listed, and should be considered Meclofenamate Sodium piperacillin/tazobactam as the first line of prescribing. Tolmetin Sodium Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium LOW COST GENERIC PREFERRED For benefit coverage or restrictions please check indomethacin your benefit plan document(s). This listing is revised Augmentin meloxicam periodically as new drugs and new prescribing LOW COST GENERIC naproxen kit information becomes available. It is recommended amoxicillin that you bring this list of medications when you or a dicloxacillin sodium CARDIOVASCULAR covered family member sees a physician or other penicillin v potassium ACE-INHIBITORS healthcare provider. GENERIC QUINOLONES captopril ANTI-INFECTIVES -
Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies
molecules Article Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies Pradeep Kumar Bolla 1 , Carlos A. Meraz 1, Victor A. Rodriguez 1, Isaac Deaguero 1, Mahima Singh 2 , Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi 3,4 and Jwala Renukuntla 5,* 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 3 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA 4 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA 5 Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27240, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 9 August 2019; Accepted: 28 August 2019; Published: 29 August 2019 Abstract: Global incidence of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes is high and affects around 40 million people. It is the fourth most common cause of infection. Clotrimazole, a broad spectrum imidazole antifungal agent is widely used to treat fungal infections. Conventional topical formulations of clotrimazole are intended to treat infections by effective penetration of drugs into the stratum corneum. However, drawbacks such as poor dermal bioavailability, poor penetration, and variable drug levels limit the efficiency. The present study aims to load clotrimazole into ufosomes and evaluate its topical bioavailability. Clotrimazole loaded ufosomes were prepared using cholesterol and sodium oleate by thin film hydration technique and evaluated for size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency to obtain optimized formulation. -
Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions Among Antiepileptic Drugs, Including CBD, Drugs Used to Treat COVID-19 and Nutrients
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions among Antiepileptic Drugs, Including CBD, Drugs Used to Treat COVID-19 and Nutrients Marta Kara´zniewicz-Łada 1 , Anna K. Główka 2 , Aniceta A. Mikulska 1 and Franciszek K. Główka 1,* 1 Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] (M.K.-Ł.); [email protected] (A.A.M.) 2 Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-354 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-(0)61-854-64-37 Abstract: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are an important group of drugs of several generations, rang- ing from the oldest phenobarbital (1912) to the most recent cenobamate (2019). Cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly used to treat epilepsy. The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2019 created new challenges in the effective treatment of epilepsy in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this review is to present data from the last few years on drug–drug interactions among of AEDs, as well as AEDs with other drugs, nutrients and food. Literature data was collected mainly in PubMed, as well as google base. The most important pharmacokinetic parameters of the chosen 29 AEDs, mechanism of action and clinical application, as well as their biotransformation, are presented. We pay a special attention to the new potential interactions of the applied first-generation AEDs (carba- Citation: Kara´zniewicz-Łada,M.; mazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone), on decreased concentration Główka, A.K.; Mikulska, A.A.; of some medications (atazanavir and remdesivir), or their compositions (darunavir/cobicistat and Główka, F.K. -
Producing In-Situ Nanoparticles of Griseofulvin Using Supercritical Antisolvent Methodology
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Dissertations 2013 Producing In-Situ Nanoparticles of Griseofulvin using Supercritical Antisolvent Methodology Pratik Sheth University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss Recommended Citation Sheth, Pratik, "Producing In-Situ Nanoparticles of Griseofulvin using Supercritical Antisolvent Methodology" (2013). Open Access Dissertations. Paper 25. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/25 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PRODUCING IN-SITU NANOPARTICLES OF GRISEOFULVIN USING SUPERCRITICAL ANTISOLVENT METHODOLOGY BY PRATIK SHETH A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2013 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DISSERTATION OF PRATIK SHETH APPROVED: Dissertation Committee: Major Professor M. Serpil Kislalioglu Ph.D David Worthen Ph.D. Michael L. Greenfield Ph.D Nasser H. Zawia Ph.D DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2013 ABSTRACT Poor aqueous solubility of drug candidates is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical scientists involved in drug development. Particle size reduction to nano scale appears as an effective and versatile option for -
DESCRIPTION CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism Of
NDA 20-844/ Topamav Sprinkle Capsules Approved Labeling Text Version: 10/26/98 DESCRIPTION Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide that is intended for use as an antiepileptic drug. TOPAMAX@ (topiramate capsules) Sprinkle Capsules are available as I5 mg, 25 mg and 50mg sprinkle capsules for oral administration as whole capsules or for opening and sprinkling onto soft food. Topiramate is a white crystalline powder with a bitter taste. Topiramate is most soluble in alkaline solutions containing sodium hydroxide or sodium phosphate and hawng a pH of 9 to IO. It is freely soluble in acetone, chloroform, dimethylsulfoxide, and ethanol. The solubility in water is 9.8 mg/mL. Its saturated solution has a pH of 6.3. Topiramate has the molecular formula C,,H,,NO,S and a molecular weight of 339.37. Topiramate is designated chemically as 2,3:4,5-Di-O-isopropylidene-~- D-fructopyranose sulfamate and has the following structural formula: H3C CH3 TOPAMAX” (topiramate capsules) Sprinkle Capsules contain topiramate coated beads in a hard gelatin capsule. The inactive ingredients are: sugar spheres (sucrose and starch), povidone, cellulose acetate, gelatin, silicone dioxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide, and black pharmaceutical ink. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism of Action: The precise mechanism by which topiramate exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown; however, electrophysiological and biochemical studies of the effects of topiramate on cultured neurons have revealed three properties that may contribute to topiramate’s antiepileptic efficacy. First, action potentials elicited repetitively by a sustained depolarization of the neurons are blocked by topiramate in a time-dependent manner, suggestive of a state-dependent sodium channel blocking action. -
CDHO Factsheet Epilepsy
Disease/Medical Condition EPILEPSY Date of Publication: August 7, 2014 (also known as “seizure disorder”) Is the initiation of non-invasive dental hygiene procedures* contra-indicated? No Is medical consult advised? ...................................... No (assuming patient/client is already under medical care for epilepsy, which is well controlled) Is the initiation of invasive dental hygiene procedures contra-indicated?** No Is medical consult advised? ....................................... Possibly (e.g., if there is medication non-compliance) Is medical clearance required? .................................. Possibly (e.g., if there is significant risk of seizure; patient/ client should be seizure-free for several months to be considered controlled) Is antibiotic prophylaxis required? .............................. No Is postponing treatment advised? ............................... No (assuming patient/client is already under medical care for epilepsy, which is well controlled and for which there are no anticipated exacerbating factors in the office setting) Oral management implications Important considerations in the management of epileptic patients/clients are prevention of seizures in the dental chair and preparation for managing seizures if they occur. When a patient/client responds positively to questions about seizures/ epilepsy during health history taking, further information should be obtained. Based on the patient/client’s responses, the dental hygienist may choose to postpone treatment to avoid triggering a seizure in the dental chair. It is valuable for the dental hygienist to know what factors have the potential to exacerbate epileptic seizures in a particular patient/client in order that trigger stimuli can be avoided. The dental hygienist can reduce stress and anxiety by explaining procedures before starting. Bright light should be kept out of the patient/client’s eyes, and dark glasses may assist with this. -
UTROGESTAN 100Mg Capsules Progesterone
NEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET UTROGESTAN 100mg capsules Progesterone 1 PRODUCT NAME UTROGESTAN 100MG CAPSULES 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Soft, round, slightly yellow capsule containing a whitish oily suspension of 100 mg progesterone (micronised). Excipient(s) with known effect: Soya lecithin For full list of excipients, see section 6.1 3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Capsules, soft 4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications UTROGESTAN 100 mg capsule is indicated in adults, via the oral route, for: Hormone replacement therapy • Adjunctive use with an oestrogen in postmenopausal women with an intact uterus (for hormone replacement therapy [HRT]) 4.2 Dose and method of administration Dosage The recommended dose is as follows, according to the indication: Oral Route • In the treatment of menopause: oestrogen alone therapy is not recommended on its own in menopausal women with an intact uterus. The usual dose is 200 mg/day at bedtime at least 12 to 14 days per month, i.e. on days 15 to 26 of each cycle or in the last 2 weeks of each treatment sequence of oestrogen therapyfollowed by approximately one week without any replacement therapy and during which withdrawal bleeding may occur. Alternatively 100 mg can be given at bedtime, from days 1 to 25 of each cycle, withdrawal bleeding being less with this treatment schedule. Method of Administration This product is intended only for oral use. UTROGESTAN 100 mg should not be taken with food; it is preferable to take the capsules in the evening at bedtime. UTROGESTAN 100mg caps UTROGEST005 Jan 2018 Page 1 of 9 NEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET Oral Route Each capsule of UTROGESTAN 100 mg must be swallowed with a little water. -
Pentobarbital Sodium
PENTobarbital Sodium Brand names Nembutal Sodium Medication error Look-alike, sound-alike drug names. Tall man letters (not FDA approved) are recommended potential to decrease confusion between PENTobarbital and PHENobarbital.(1,2) ISMP recommends the following tall man letters (not FDA approved): PENTobarbital.(30) Contraindications Contraindications: In patients with known hypersensitivity to barbiturates or any com- and warnings ponent of the formulation.(2) If an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction or a life-threatening adverse event occurs, rapid substitution of an alternative agent may be necessary. If pentobarbital is discontinued due to development of a rash, an anticonvulsant that is structurally dissimilar should be used (i.e., nonaromatic). (See Rare Adverse Effects in the Comments section.) Also contraindicated in patients with a history of manifest or latent porphyria.(2) Warnings: Rapid administration may cause respiratory depression, apnea, laryngospasm, or vasodilation with hypotension.(2) Should be withdrawn gradually if large doses have been used for prolonged periods.(2) Paradoxical excitement may occur or important symptoms could be masked when given to patients with acute or chronic pain.(2) May be habit forming. Infusion-related Respiratory depression and arrest requiring mechanical ventilation may occur. Monitor cautions oxygen saturation. If hypotension occurs, the infusion rate should be decreased and/or the patient should be treated with IV fluids and/or vasopressors. Pentobarbital is an alkaline solution (pH = 9–10.5); therefore, extravasation may cause tissue necrosis.(2) (See Appendix E for management.) Gangrene may occur following inadvertent intra-arterial injection.(2) Dosage Medically induced coma (for persistently elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) or refractory status epilepticus): Patient should be intubated and mechanically ventilated. -
Chapter 25 Mechanisms of Action of Antiepileptic Drugs
Chapter 25 Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs GRAEME J. SILLS Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool _________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The serendipitous discovery of the anticonvulsant properties of phenobarbital in 1912 marked the foundation of the modern pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. The subsequent 70 years saw the introduction of phenytoin, ethosuximide, carbamazepine, sodium valproate and a range of benzodiazepines. Collectively, these compounds have come to be regarded as the ‘established’ antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A concerted period of development of drugs for epilepsy throughout the 1980s and 1990s has resulted (to date) in 16 new agents being licensed as add-on treatment for difficult-to-control adult and/or paediatric epilepsy, with some becoming available as monotherapy for newly diagnosed patients. Together, these have become known as the ‘modern’ AEDs. Throughout this period of unprecedented drug development, there have also been considerable advances in our understanding of how antiepileptic agents exert their effects at the cellular level. AEDs are neither preventive nor curative and are employed solely as a means of controlling symptoms (i.e. suppression of seizures). Recurrent seizure activity is the manifestation of an intermittent and excessive hyperexcitability of the nervous system and, while the pharmacological minutiae of currently marketed AEDs remain to be completely unravelled, these agents essentially redress the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. Three major classes of mechanism are recognised: modulation of voltage-gated ion channels; enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission; and attenuation of glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission. The principal pharmacological targets of currently available AEDs are highlighted in Table 1 and discussed further below. -
Divestra Leaflet
• Known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia Drugs which may decrease the therapeutic effect of Cyproterone acetate+Ethinyl Pregnancy and Breastfeeding • Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding Combination of Cyproterone acetate and Ethinyl estradiol is contraindicated during estradiol and increase the incidence of breakthrough bleeding • Any ocular lesion arising from ophthalmic vascular disease, such as partial or complete pregnancy and breastfeeding. loss of vision or defect in visual fields Effects on ability to drive and use machines • Concomitant use with other Estrogen+Progestogen combinations or estrogens or Unknown progestogens alone • When pregnancy is suspected or diagnosed Adverse Reactions • Severe diabetes with vascular changes Common adverse reactions includes headaches, nausea, abdominal pain, weight gain, • A history of otosclerosis with deterioration during pregnancy depressed or altered mood and breast pain or tenderness. • Hypersensitivity to this drug or to any ingredient in the formulation or component of the Uncommon adverse reactions include vomiting, diarrhea, fluid retention and migraine. container. Overdose (Cyproterone acetate + Warnings and Precautions There is no antidote and treatment should be symptomatic. Ethinyl estradiol) Discontinue Cyproterone acetate+Ethinyl estradiol tablets at the earliest manifestation of the following: PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES • Thromboembolic and Cardiovascular Disorders such as thrombophlebitis, pulmonary Pharmacotherapeutic group: Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system, QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION embolism, cerebrovascular disorders, myocardial ischemia, mesenteric thrombosis, and anti-androgens and estrogens. ATC code: G03HB01 Each film-coated tablet contains: retinal thrombosis. Cyproterone acetate (Ph.Eur.)………...2 mg • Conditions that predispose to Venous Stasis and to Vascular Thrombosis (eg. Mechanism of action Ethinyl estradiol (USP)……………...0.035 mg immobilization after accidents or confinement to bed during long-term illness).