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Picea Neoveitchii Zhang, Kim, Maunder & Li

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Picea Neoveitchii Zhang, Kim, Maunder & Li The Conservation of Picea neoveitchii Zhang, Kim, Maunder & Li The Conservation Status and Conservation Strategy of Picea neoveitchii Zhang Deshun1, Kim Yongshik2, Mike Maunder3, Li Xiufen4 1 Shanghai Institute of Landscape Architecture, China, 2 Department of Landscape Architecture, Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea, 3 Fairchild Tropical Garden, Florida, USA, 4, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, China Abstract Picea neoveitchii is an endemic species in China. It had been listed as an endangered species in red data books. It scatters in several locations of south slope of the Qinling Mt., China. Upon reviewing the related literature, discussing with leading scholars on gymnosperm, ecology and plant conservation, the field survey was carried out in four locations. There are 11 mature individuals and 2 seedlings surviving in its natural habitats. With the survey of quadrat method in four locations, related community index were calculated such as relative important value (RIV), species richness, similarity index, diversity index and evenness index etc. The community could be sorted and characterized as 3 groups based on the community parameters. The analysis of vegetation table elucidates Picea neoveitchii is a dominant species with low grouping rate in most surveyed sites. The RAPD analysis shows target species has intraspecific genetic variability. Also the estimation of Shannon’s phenotypic diversity index (Ho) explains the difference of genetic variations of different locations. Due to the lack of enough knowledge and professional guide of conservation biological perspective, Picea neoveitchii had been clear-cut for timber production. The extent of occurrence and area of occupancy declined rapidly from 1950’s to 1990’s. According to the Conservation Category guideline proposed by the World Conservation Union, the conservation status of Picea neoveitchii was reevaluated as Critically Endangered (CR) B2b C2a D. Upon research in areas of ecology, molecular biology, cluster analysis of environmental parameters, a practical conservation strategy is recommended in this research. Key words: conservation; status; strategy; Picea neoveitchii Picea neoveitchii is an endangered species threatened with extinction. The four currently remaining subpopulations are less than 4 hectares in area. And the locations are separate, far away from each other. According to the principle of plant conservation, the community composition and genetic variability are the 3rd Global Botanic Gardens Congress 1 Zhang, Kim, Maunder & Li The Conservation of Picea neoveitchii basic parameters to propose the rational conservation strategy. So this research will concentrate on three aspects: plant community, genetic property and conservation. 1. Ecological studies Accurate data on community composition are desirable for the planning and evaluation of conservation projects. Sampling with quadrats can be used for the survey of most plant communities. The vegetation composition and community structure could be described by this method (Turner, 1985; Kershaw, 1991). 1.1 Description of study sites of Picea neoveitchii The distribution range of Picea neoveitchii varies between literatures (Editorial Committee of Flora of China, 1978; Farjon, 1993, 1999; Fu, 1991; Schmidt, 1999) due to taxonomic confusion and clear cutting activities. This species scatters on mountain slopes, river basins, or on rocky talus. The altitude distribution is 1240- 2020 m on the south slopes of the Qinling Mountain in central China. The surveyed locations in China show in Figure 1. Figure 1. Black marked circles are the surveyed locations of Picea neoveitchii in China 1.2 Methods The existing fragmented communities of the Picea neoveitchii have been severely influenced by the climate change and human disturbance. The plant communities in different locations with different vegetation and 2 3rd Global Botanic Gardens Congress The Conservation of Picea neoveitchii Zhang, Kim, Maunder & Li geology were characterized using quantitative ecological methods and phytosociological methods (Braun- Blanquet. 1932) based on the quadrat survey. The soil samples were collected from all surveyed sites; the soil depths from eight distinct vegetation communities were measured in the field survey. Chemical properties such as PH value, organic matter content, soluble nitrogen content and soluble phosphorus content were analyzed in laboratory. 1.3 Results 1.3.1 Relative Important Value (RIV) of all the species in four studied locations The ecological parameters of density, frequency and dominance reflect community composition and characteristics in their natural habitats. Based on the value of the relative density, the relative frequency and the relative dominance, the relative importance value (RIV) of a species is calculated by the following formula: RIV = RD + RF + Rdo The RIV of all the species in four studied locations (shrub layer, ground layer and moss layer omitted in this table) shows in Table 1. Location Baotianman Taibaishan Xinjiashan Bailongjiang Upper layer (Trees) Acer davidii 18.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 Aralia chinensis 27.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fraxinus chinensis var. rhynchophylla 0.00 8.33 0.00 0.00 Picea asperata 0.00 0.00 98.29 0.00 Picea neoveitchii 21.88 19.78 25.26 22.69 Populus cathayana 0.00 18.79 0.00 0.00 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 Salix caprea var. sinica 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 Tilia oblongifolia 0.00 9.94 0.00 0.00 Tsuga chinensis 18.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Subtotal 84.02 69.74 123.55 22.69 3rd Global Botanic Gardens Congress 3 Zhang, Kim, Maunder & Li The Conservation of Picea neoveitchii Middle layer (Trees) Acer davidii (seedling) 43.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 Carpinus cordata 39.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 Celtis koraiensis 33.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 Picea asperata 0.00 0.00 0.00 56.38 Picea wilsonii 0.00 0.00 0.00 70.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 56.38 Prunus armeniaca var. ansu Subtotal 116.59 0.00 0.00 183.41 Shrub layer species Berberis poiretii 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.17 Betula utilis 0.00 0.00 6.91 0.00 Cephalotaxus sinensis 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 Cotinus coggygria 0.00 0.00 0.00 29.72 Deutzia glabrata 10.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 Exochorda racemosa 0.00 14.62 0.00 0.00 Forsythia suspensa 37.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lespedeza bicolor 0.00 23.80 0.00 0.00 Malus baccata 0.00 0.00 20.54 0.00 Picea asperata 0.00 0.00 10.41 0.00 Pueraria lobata 0.00 15.71 0.00 0.00 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.30 Rhododendron mariesii 9.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 Rosa davidii 0.00 0.00 6.91 0.00 Salix caprea var. sinica 0.00 0.00 17.28 0.00 Spiraea pubescens 18.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 Spiraea trilobata 29.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 3rd Global Botanic Gardens Congress The Conservation of Picea neoveitchii Zhang, Kim, Maunder & Li Tilia mongolica （seedlings) 23.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 Subtotal 129.62 62.13 62.05 46.20 Ground layer species Achillea sibirica 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.00 Aconitum barbatum 0.00 0.00 2.31 0.00 Allium ramosum 0.00 0.00 7.83 0.00 Anemone tomentosa 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.28 3.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 Asparagus cochinchinensis Aster tataricus 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.54 Carex lanceolata 29.72 16.00 8.86 0.00 Chenopodium album 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.34 Cotoneaster salicifolius 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.51 Duchesnea indica 0.00 0.00 10.33 14.14 Equisetum ramosissimum 0.00 0.00 43.13 0.00 Fagopyrum esculentum 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.09 Gentiana scabra 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.84 Leontopodium leontopodioides 0.00 0.00 3.42 0.00 Lespedeza bicolor 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.18 Lespedeza davurica 0.00 3.67 0.00 0.00 Liriope graminifolia 0.00 7.22 0.00 0.00 Metaplexis japonica 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.09 Picea neoveichii (7 years seedling) 0.00 2.18 0.00 0.00 Poa annua 0.00 0.00 2.44 0.00 Polemonium coeruleum 0.00 0.00 4.88 0.00 Polygonum lapathifolium var. 2.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 salicifolium. Polygonum lapathifolium 0.00 0.00 2.44 2.70 Prunus japonica 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.63 3rd Global Botanic Gardens Congress 5 Zhang, Kim, Maunder & Li The Conservation of Picea neoveitchii Pyrrosia lingua 0.00 12.85 0.00 0.00 Ranunculus sceleratus 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.00 Rhamnus arguta 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.28 Rosa multiflora 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.24 Rubia cordifolia 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.00 Rubus alceaefolius 0.00 0.00 2.31 0.00 Salix caprea var. sinica (seedling) 0.00 0.00 2.05 0.00 Sambucus williamsii 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.09 Saussurea deltoidea 4.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 Schisandra chinensis 8.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 Scorzonera albicaulis 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.00 Senecio nemorensis 0.00 2.97 0.00 0.00 Smilax china 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.91 Stellaria media 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.00 Syneilesis aconitifolia 0.00 0.00 4.01 0.00 Thalictrum minus var. hypoleucum 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 Toxicodendron succedaneum 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.51 Trollius chinensis 0.00 0.00 8.95 0.00 Vicia pseudo-orobus 0.00 0.00 11.83 0.00 Vicia unijuga 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.00 Subtotal 47.86 44.89 127.87 79.38 Moss layer species 0.00 0.00 300.00 0.00 Sphagnum cymbifolium Table 1.
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