Study on Performance of RO Water Treatment System of Jask City in Terms of Physical and Chemical Quality of the Produced Water (Case Study of Jask City)

Ali Azarpeykan1,Ramezan Motallebi2, Afshin Takdastan3, Abdol Hosein Madani4

1,4Research Center for Social Determinants in Health Promotion. Hormozgan University of Medical Science ,Bandar Abbas, Iran 2Department of Water Engineering, IslamicAzad University,Bandar Abbas Branch ,Hormozgan,Iran 3Departmentof Health and Environment, Associated professor of Joundi Shapour University,Ahvaz, Iran

ABSTRACT: Desalination technology in the present era which is called drought era has been considered as the only solution for supplying water in the regions which have been subject to drought. In this research, inlet and outlet water, fresh water of Kan in Jask City have been studied for three months and on the basis of the obtained results, some of the chemical parameters of city system water (inlet to Kan Freshwater) have been less than the permissible limit and salts are excluded with polyamide membrane through passage of Kan freshwater which is of reverse osmosis passes. The produced water has been less than the desirable limit in terms of Ca, Mg, TDS (index means are 173.93, 4.2, 11.754 mg/l respectively) increasing affliction with disease in the consumers and decreasing nutritional value. Key words: reverse osmosis, Jask, Kan Freshwater, polyamide membrane.

INTRODUCTION County is generally dry and arid and the water required for the county is supplied from groundwater resources. Desalination technology has been developed broadly Water is supplied from five well rings and the city water during the last 50 years to such an extent which has has no enough quality for drinking. [5] been considered ordinary and saline water resources are In this research, a freshwater site of Kan in Jask city has used for production of freshwater and have allowed been assessed in physicochemical terms as pilot and the application of saline water in development of water used membrane is of type csm made in Korea with resources. Desalination technology has been accessible specifications of table 1. for decades though economic considerations have In the research which has been done by Tooraj limited its prevalence. Development of new Mohamamdi et al as chemical washing of reverse technologies, investment and direction expenses so that osmosis membranes in 2001, the major problems which desalination is a suitable option in many regions. different processes of membrane-based isolation Especially in the countries which face serious shortage technology such as reverse osmosis face are polarization such as Iran, Middle East, North Africa, and some of and obstruction phenomena resulting from Caribbean islands, thermal desalination has been more sedimentation of material in water feed. another common process for water desalination and recently research which was done in 2006 by Belkacem M et al reverse osmosis membrane technology has been more as groundwater treatment in reverse osmosis method developed than the thermal processes are and reverse shows that obstruction is an important phenomenon in osmosis systems represent the most rapid growth of reduction of yield flow and another research which was desalination experiences and this growth results from done by Tooraj Mohammadi in 2002 as study on less investment expense of this technology than thermal isolation and treatment processes with use of membrane processes , productivity development and decrease in technology shows that if temperature and pressure are application of membrane technologies with growing fixed, feed flow increase causes to increase density of global need for desalination water with lower energy salt in the outlet yield and to decrease flow of the consumption so that water desalination expense of produced yield. Therefore, in order to increase seawater has reached to 50 to 80 cents in each cubic productivity of RO (reverse osmosis) unit, one should meter and this reduction continues. Brackish water not increase feed flow without considering operational desalination is cheaper and its expense is about 20 to 35 conditions. cents in each cubic meter. Membrane technology is possible and practical with use of water penetration MATERIALS AND METHODS mechanism. [1] Jask City is one of the cities of Hormozgan province In this research, 12 water samples from inlet to Kan and Oman Sea is located in its southern corner. Jask freshwater and 12 water samples from outlet of Kan

*Correspondence Author: Ali Azarpeykan, Department of Health and Environment,Hormozgan Medical science University Email: [email protected]

148 Azarpeykan and Takdastan, 2011

Freshwater were studied for three months during which Table 1- specifications of membrane of csm type a sample of inlet and outlet was gathered every week in Parameter Membrane RE4040-BE order to determine physical and chemical quality and Type of water Brackish quality of inlet and outlet water from Kan Freshwater Exclusion percentage 99.5 was studied. PH 6.5-7

Methods: Flow Gpd2400 Membrane material Polyamide On the basis of Method Standard Book, the methods for analysis of the samples were selected as follows: PH, 1800 turbidity, EC and anions and cations of inlet and 1600 produced water were measured with PH meter devices of Metrhom model, Turbiometer of HACH model, 1400 conductometer of METrohm 712 and anions and cations 1200 وروديTDS 1000 ﺧروﺟﻲwere measured with spectrophotometer of DR 2010 TDS ﺣدﻣﺟﺎز

ﺣدﻣطﻠوب Model and alkalinity, hardness and chloride were TDS(mg/l) 800 measured with use of titration method. 600

400 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 200

0 On the basis of the obtained results in this research, 9/7/86 15/7/86 23/7/86 30/7/86 6/8/86 14/8/86 20/8/86 27/8/86 5/9/86 14/9/86 22/9/86 29/9/86 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ mean density of parameters and standard deviation of inlet and outlet water as well as efficiency of water Diagram 1, inlet and outlet TDS analysis of Kan Freshwater, Jask City treatment plant to exclude these parameters shows in table 2 that the highest rate of exclusion relates to Diagram 2 shows that 11 cases out of 12 outlet water sulphate, turbidity, manganese, calcium and magnesium samples of Kan Freshwater are less than 30 mg/l in and and the least efficiency of exclusion relates to have permissible limit according to standard 1053 but ammoniac, iron, fluorophosphates. Diagrams 1, 2 and 3 research done by experts of World Health Organization have shown the measured values of TDS, Ca and Mg of in 1980 has estimated the minimum calcium content of inlet and outlet water from RO freshwater of Kan. desalinated waters to be 30 mg/l in addition to TDS and Diagram 1 shows inlet water TDS analysis according to this basic density has been obtained on this basis that standard 1053 in which three cases out of the water sample most of the critical side effects resulting from hormone are more than permissible limits and all of them have no changes in metabolism of calcium and phosphate occur desirable limit but the entire outlet water doesn’t supply and with regard to saturation limit of mineral salts of the desirable limit. According to research done by experts of stone tissue. World Health Organization in 1980, TDS should be more than 200 mg/l. With regard to this number, 8 cases of the produced water are less than 200 mg/l.

Table 2- efficiency of RO membrane

Parameter Mean inlet water of The number Mean outlet water The number Membrane standard deviation ± of inlet of standard of outlet exclusion sample deviation ± sample percentage Sodium 45/33 ±5/307 12 495/10±83/48 12 12/84 calcium 8/28 ± 93/141 12 27/10± 754/11 12 92 chloride 543/96± 4/461 12 23/17± 58 12 43/87 ammoniac 0625/ 0± 2455/0 12 0875/0± 1225/0 12 50 Nitrate 326/ 0 ±4364/0 12 334/ 1± 715/0 12 - fluorine 165/0± 5975/0 12 054/0± 186/0 12 69 potassium 645/0 ±362/10 12 73/0± 61/1 12 46/84 magnesium 13/8 ±625/51 12 045/3 ±2/4 12 92 iron 193/0 ±115/0 12 0733/0± 063/0 12 22/45 manganese 0442/0 ±0368/0 12 0005/0 ±00057/0 12 99 sulfate 44/99± 503 12 06/9± 252/19 12 17/96 bicarbonate 375/6±8/120 12 3/3 ±658/20 12 83 nitrite 0035/0±0023/0 12 0036/0 ± 0043 /0 12 - phosphate 0068/0 ± 0164/0 12 0075/0 ± 0128/0 12 22 turbidity 205/5± 7634/3 12 338/1 ±21983/0 12 16/96 TDS 783/1405 811/135± 12 071/45 ±93/173 12 63/87

149 J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 1(7)148-150, 2011

According to diagram 3, value of magnesium varies between 40.2-66.1 mg/l among 12 analyzed water 70 sample of the inlet water and in 4 samples, its amount is 60 higher than permissible limit of national standard of the 50 country i.e. 50mg/l and the minimum magnesium in 40 ﻣﻧﯾزﯾم ورودي ﻣﻧﯾزﯾم )

ﻣﻧﯾزﯾم ﺧروﺟﻲ l / ﺣدﻣﺟﺎز mg drinking water should be 10mg/l and its suitable value ( 30 range is 20-30 mg/l. 20

250

0 9/7/86 15/7/86 23/7/86 30/7/86 6/8/86 14/8/86 20/8/86 27/8/86 5/9/86 14/9/86 22/9/86 29/9/86 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ 200 Diagram 3, inlet and outlet magnesium analysis of Kan Freshwater, Jask City

150 Conclusion ﻛﻠﺳﯾم ورودي ﻛﻠﺳﯾم ﺧروﺟﻲ ﻛﻠﺳﯾم ) l ﺣدﻣﺟﺎز / mg

ﺣدﻣطﻠوب ) 100 With regard to the obtained results and its comparison with standard 1053, it is permissible to use water from 50 Kan freshwater for drinking but according to outlet water analysis in parameters of calcium, magnesium 0 9/7/86 15/7/86 23/7/86 30/7/86 6/8/86 14/8/86 20/8/86 27/8/86 5/9/86 14/9/86 22/9/86 29/9/86 and hardness of drinking water are 20, 10, 400-200 mg/l , respectively , the children will be afflicted with goiter ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ Diagram 2, inlet and outlet calcium analysis of Kan blood pressure , as well as slow growth and abnormal Freshwater, Jask City growth and one should minimize salts which Kan Discussion and conclusion with Statgraphics Plus Freshwater doesn’t provide and one should inject some program: study on changing trend at different times: in amount of raw water into the yield by performing test in this section, changing trend of density mean of each one order to increase salts according to standard . of the related parameters at different times was studied through one-side variance analysis. With regard to the REFERENCES obtained results, P-Value calculated for confidence level of 95% for electrical conduction, sulfate, sodium, 1- Institute of Standard and Industrial Research of Iran, magnesium, total solid material of the solution and 1997, chemical and physical specifications of drinking calcium all are zero and for chloride, PH and turbidity water, standard No. 1053, Edition 5 are 0.0342, 0.0031 and 0.0342 respectively. 2- Ghanadi , M, 2005, water and its nutrition value ,

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