METALSPUBLISHED BY THE STEEL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORKIN AND THE CONSTRUCTION ORNAMENTAL METAL INSTITUTE OF SPRING 15

FULTON CENTER SKY-REFLECTOR NET / FULTON CENTER STRUCTURE / INTERNATIONAL GEM TOWER / FACADE / ONE WORLD TRADE CENTER STRUCTURE / PROMISE ACADEMY I / 121st POLICE PRECINCT STATION HOUSE / FORDHAM UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL AND RESIDENCE HALL CONTENTS EDITORʼS NOTE SPRING 15 Opening new vistas

1 EDITORʼS NOTE

2 FULTON CENTER SKY-REFLECTOR NET This issue celebrates the comple- York and New Jersey shouldered tion of a process that began with the responsibility of taking a site 8 a news conference ten years ago. where so many perished and FULTON CENTER STRUCTURE It was then that the city’s two making it a reverential sign of 14 major transportation authorities the city’s resilience and vital- INTERNATIONAL GEM TOWER each announced plans to under- ity. Designed by of take the extraordinary architec- Skidmore, Owings & Merrill to 20 tural and engineering challenges be the safest office building in ONE WORLD TRADE CENTER posed by projects highlighted in the world, its redundant steel FACADE these pages. One involved bur- frame makes for a robust struc- 26 rowing deep below city streets to ture whose column-free spans ONE WORLD TRADE CENTER tie a tangled labyrinth of subway open the interiors to new views STRUCTURE lines into a single, coherent of Lower ’s rapidly transit center. The other entailed changing fabric. When admiring 32 building to a height of 1,776 feet its simple clarity in both form PROMISE ACADEMY I to redefine ’s and cladding, it can be easy to 38 skyline as an ever-present symbol forget the tumultuous journey that 121st POLICE PRECINCT of hope and renewal. Despite brought the tower to completion. STATION HOUSE their contrasts in elevation, But in remembering the process, each represents a pinnacle of we acknowledge the extraordi- 44 modern construction accomplish- nary teamwork and collaboration FORDHAM UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL ment. Conceived by Metropolitan that went into the tower and will AND RESIDENCE HALL Transportation Authority plan- continue through the completion ners to link four century-old and operation of the World Trade 50 stations on the A, C, J, M, Z, 2, Center campus. EVENTS 3, 4 and 5 subway lines, Fulton 52 Center opens new vistas for the INFORMATION 300,000 daily commuters stream- ing through what had been a subterranean warren of platforms and connecting passageways. Through the successful collabo- ration of Grimshaw Architects, Arup, and James Carpenter Design Associates, it has become an important landmark in the incredible and often overlooked feat of engineering that is the subway system. Crowning this landmark is its conical, 110-foot-tall steel-and- glass dome gathering daylight and funneling it far underground. In One World Trade Center, the Gary Higbee, AIA, Editor tallest skyscraper in the United [email protected]/ States, the Port Authority of New [email protected]

Copyright ©2015 by The Steel Institute The information contained in this magazine is merely general and illustrative in nature. The Institutes Above Sky Reflector-Net, an integrated of New York and The Ornamental Metal Institute assume no responsibility for either the design or actual cost of any structure resulting from the use of artwork by James Carpenter Design of New York the information contained herein, nor should anything herein be construed as either an endorsement or Associates, Grimshaw Architects, and disapproval of any systems or designs indicated. Anyone relying upon or making use of this information Arup at Fulton Center. Published by The Steel Institute of New York does so at his or her own risk and assumes any and all liability or consequences resulting therefrom. and The Ornamental Metal Institute of New York Cover The facade of One World Trade Center, designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. This page: Jennifer Krichels; cover: © David Sundberg/Esto

Metals in Construction Spring 2015 1 Fulton Center Sky-Reflector Net

Lower Manhattan’s device; and the engineer wanted bustling transit hub to make sure, quantitatively, that is crowned with an daylight could penetrate Fulton Center’s lower levels.” ambitious tensile Kostura adds, “In a normal proj- structure that required ect, you can almost get away with rigorous collaboration dividing up the systems that support between designer, the interests of different stakehold- fabricator, and installer. ers. Here, achieving our goals required intensive collaboration.” Sky Reflector-Net was NAVIGATING AMONG NINE SUBWAY conceived by James Carpenter lines and the streets of Lower Design Associates (JCDA) in Manhattan, 300,000 people response to Arup and Grimshaw converge daily to walk through Architects’ initial 2003 design of Fulton Center, which opened to the Fulton Center pavilion. While the public on November 10, 2014. that scheme would go through Just as stunning as the number multiple iterations for value engi- of users is their initial reaction neering, the three-story structure to the new transit hub’s atrium consistently featured a dome pavilion. Spotting the artwork Sky whose south-facing, 53-foot- Reflector-Net that crowns the diameter oculus would top out eight-story hall, they turn from at 108 feet tall. JCDA namesake hardened commuters into tour- James Carpenter imagined ists: Travelers pause under, pho- suspending a skewed hyperbolic tograph, and orient themselves paraboloid—or hypar—armature by the skylit cable-net structure from the dome’s sloped oculus, cradling 952 Alanod-coated and tracing its double curvature in perforated anodized-aluminum panels that brighten and, evoking panels, each measuring 0.145 the New York subway system’s inches thick. historical reliance on sunshine, The varied responses bear reflect natural light into subterra- out the installation’s multiple nean circulation zones. functions. As Arup’s Zak Kostura, Carpenter’s vision was com- structural engineer for the project, pelling enough to win the public- explains, “The artist came to the art commission for Sky Reflector- table wanting to create an experi- Net. Developing it beyond ential effect; the architect wanted concept required interdisciplinary people to use it as a wayfinding support. “That hypar shape didn’t

2 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Fulton Center Sky-Reflector Net 3 Right Tightly choreographed fieldwork required two boom lifts and a swing stage operating simultaneously. Below center A form-found structure, the net adopted its final geometry once 56 tie rods at its base were tensioned on-site. Below Cruciforms connect panels. Rod segments have serial numbers to ensure proper placement.

assume the weight of the panels, the connections, or the posi- tion of the boundary form, which would all dictate the final design,” Kostura explains of the myriad factors that would have to be calculated to realize the complex geometry. JCDA subsequently worked with Grimshaw as well as Arup, which was tapped as prime consultant to the MTA in 2003, to bring the idea to life. While Carpenter did not origi- nally picture it as such, budgeting dictated approaching the hypar as a purely tensile structure. Arup reverse-engineered tensile forces and node positions according to Carpenter’s preferred geom- etry by executing more than 113 iterations of a computational model. Next, modeling yielded the unstressed length of each cable segment, along with 1,056 x, y, and z coordinates that would ultimately position the 952 infill panels into 17 rows. All but the top and bottom rows comprise rhomboid panels, and Kostura notes that a tradi- tional hypar-shaped net would Above Three teams of contractors per- Below A skylight at the top of Fulton have included horizontal banding formed the panel installation, connecting Center sends light into the atrium to panelize it into stiffer triangles. each panel to nearby cruciform at its below, much like the subway-illuminating “Jamie [Carpenter] and Grimshaw four corners. sidewalk skylights that used to punctuate New York City streets. made an adamant assertion that the panels should be diamond- shaped and not triangulated. That posed an immense structural challenge of creating a soft net from rigid, delicate panels, which would waft in the intense amounts of sun and airflow in the atrium.” The panels are bolted to one another via paddle connec- tors, held between 112 quarter- inch-diameter steel cables that crisscross to form the 17 rows. The integrated team had to treat a seemingly minute detail of Sky Reflector-Net—the left, right, and bottom holes where each panel would receive the paddle connec- tor—with the same scrutiny as its cable lengths. Indeed, if attached with less tolerance than the maxi- mum billowing of the net, then extreme movement could rip the

This page top and opening spread: Zak Kostura; this page bottom, facing top and center and following page: MTA/Patrick Cashin; facing page bottom: Jennifer Krichels; concluding page: James Ewing Zak Kostura; this page bottom, facing top and center following page: MTA/Patrick This page top and opening spread: aluminum piece from its source.

4 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Fulton Center Sky-Reflector Net 5 Using computational fluid dy- the artwork in summer 2010. He The enlarged design team namics to model the cable net un- continues, “On many projects, relished further opportunities der 815 different conditions, the it is not until after contracts are to ensure accuracy. Enclos and team arrived at peak width and awarded that we’re able to ex- Schopfheim, Germany–based height values for the holes of 0.23 change model information.” panel manufacturer Durlum inches and 0.08 inches, respec- Enclos and Arup used the conducted parallel engineering to tively. Hole dimensions were set same software platforms in validate production of the 8,524 with construction tolerances. A modeling the cable net and its square feet of anodized alumi- similar parametric design process panels. They did not necessar- num. Similar quality control was also generated the cruciform- ily incorporate the same criteria. performed during the mockup shaped paddle (see diagram), Namely, “We set up our tools to of 13 panels at the Westford, which swages the crisscrossing anticipate field conditions that are Massachusetts, workshop of con- cables with a through-bolt; the not absolutely precise, but are tractor TriPyramid, with one en- paddle’s horizontal and vertical within construction tolerances of gineering team manually deriving pieces measure 0.25 inches thick adjacent trades,” Vaglio says. the panel geometry and a second at their ends, and taper to 0.125 Strength of panel-to-paddle team automatically generating it This spread Work on the surround- deflections we needed to be able the redundancy. And while that FULTON CENTER SKY-REFLECTOR NET inches at that bolted midpoint. bolts was one inconsistency from the parametric model. ing pavilion building continued to lock each kingpost to the rods diligence clearly paid off—the throughout cable net installation. All elements freely rotate around that arose from the different Finally, Enclos deferred once tensioning was finished,” Sky Reflector-Net cable net was Location: Fulton at and Cortland Street, New York, NY Work was performed carefully to the bolt axis to account for panel perspectives. In turn, Arup and fabrication of tensioned AESS ensure the relatively delicate cable Kostura explains. “So we came up installed in one piece during a Owner: MTA Arts for Transit and Urban Design and the MTA Capital Construction movement. Bolts at the tips of Enclos discussed the movement stainless-steel tie-back rods until net system was not compromised by with a novel detail involving cylin- single morning for minimal disrup- Company (MTACC), New York, NY the horizontal and vertical pieces tolerances associated with a site surveys confirmed as-built construction activities nearby. drical nuts that could be torqued tion to adjacent work, for ex- Sky-Reflector Net Artist: James Carpenter Design Associates (JCDA), New York, NY connect paddle to panel. more robust bolt, forecast the data: Each 0.375-inch-diameter against external threads on the ample—Vaglio adds, “We learned Architect: Grimshaw Architects, New York, NY The meticulous engineering of network-wide ramifications of rod addresses construction coupler until they bear on a flange that no matter how precise our Structural and Mechanical Engineer, Facade Consultant: Arup, New York, NY Sky Reflector–Net might suggest individual adjustments, and then tolerances via adjustability. At the within the pocket of the kingpost. modeling, there’s always a point Construction Manager: Lend Lease, part of a joint venture with PB Americas, a direct file-to-fabrication ap- identified the exact locations to oculus, for example, rod segments Those nuts were left loose on the when the reality—the construction New York, NY proach to execution. But this proj- increase bolt size. All of the cable were connected by couplers set rod assembly until tensioning was site—decouples from the model Structural Steel Erector: Imperial Iron Works, Bronx, NY ect’s delivery required overlapping net’s bolts are stainless steel within a hole at the base of each complete. The result was a stable and craftsmanship is paramount.” Architectural Metal Erector: Jordan Panel Systems Corp. (exterior/interior metal digital efforts. “We engage in ASTM Grade F593 316, and nuts kingpost—the vertical member system with compact, almost Double- and triple-checked in panels), East Northport, NY modeling before we even sell a are stainless steel ASTM Grade that connects the tension rods to invisible connections between the the abstract and perfected in the Ornamental Metal Erector: Capco Steel Erection Co., Providence, RI project,” says Jeff Vaglio, a Los F594 316. Eighth- and sixteenth- the oculus’s upper lattice of tube kingpost and rod.” field,Sky Reflector-Net spins its Curtain Wall Fabricator and Erector: Enclos, New York, NY Angeles–based associate director inch-thick Neoprene and Teflon- sections. “The rods had to be free “It makes me feel very safe transformative effect on commut- of Enclos’ Advanced Technology coated washers separate the to slide through the kingpost holes that, as a group, we’re taking the ers, and elevates Fulton Center Studio, which assumed over- panel and paddle materials to so the contractor could tension the precautionary steps to ensure a from public transit node to a jewel sight of fabricating and erecting avert galvanic reaction. rods evenly, but to resist skylight prudent structure,” Vaglio says of for the people.

6 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Fulton Center Sky-Reflector Net 7 Fulton Center Structure

New York City’s subway system is a wonder of the world—which most riders take for granted. At the new Fulton Center in Lower Manhattan, a single escalator ride can remind even the most jaded urbanites of the marvel at their service.

FROM JOHN STREET, VISITORS CAN enter the Fulton Center pavilion via the Romanesque Revival–style . There, they reach a concourse underneath Broadway via a 30-degree wellway that cuts a section through the basement and sub-base- ment of the 125-year-old building, revealing inverted masonry arches that distribute superstructure loads more evenly. Commenting recently in The Guardian, Jimmy Stamp wrote that the escalator journey makes available to the public a “beauty of construc- tion that can be found nowhere else. This short descent makes you feel the weight of the building and realize the incredible feat of engineering that is the .” Adapted as an extension of the Fulton Center pavilion, the Corbin Building contributes multiple meanings to the wider project. The eight-story land- mark is an aesthetic foil to the Grimshaw design next door. Once widely known as the “father of the skyscraper,” the building also preserves Lower Manhattan’s complex urban fabric. And, designed by Francis Hatch Kimball for president Austin Corbin, the building helps the Fulton Center capture the full spectrum of New York’s transportation history. Yet initial plans for the Fulton Center had targeted the Corbin Building for teardown. In 2003 MTA Capital Construction appointed Arup as prime consultant for the Fulton Center, and the multidisciplinary engineering firm hired Page Ayres Cowley Architects to document the Corbin Building prior to demolition. This research disinterred rich memory from underneath years of neglect, which contributed to the proto-skyscraper’s addition to the National Register of Historic Places later that year.

8 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Fulton Center Structure 9 Above A section of the Fulton Center Above left Within the pavilion, the outer Grimshaw and Arup’s scheme for the overall for lateral load. It also found that the new func- and the adjacent Corbin Building. branches of V columns support the Fulton Center was revised, to save the high-rise. tions required of the Corbin Building’s adaptive Left An interstitial building ties the Fulton pavilion roof, while the inner branches In order to fully integrate into the transit node, the reuse could compromise the structure further. In Center to the historic Corbin structure. support the oculus and frame the cen- ter’s dome. Corbin Building would perform as the southern en- a 3-dimensional ETABS model, for example, Arup Above right A circulating stair connects trance to the Fulton Center and include the plunging demonstrated that penetrating the north elevation the center’s shopping and dining venues. escalator, among other functions. Allocating those to link to Fulton Center new construction over- roles to the structure meant first updating it to stressed the masonry. The escalator wellway—the current codes and standards, says Arup principal realization of which would require removal of parts Craig Covil, noting, “When the Corbin Building was of the street and two basement levels, all within designed 125 years ago, the New York building liquefiable soils—also posed adverse effects to the code did not have chapters concerning seismic nor south masonry retaining wall. wind loading.” To resist north–south loading, the Arup team de- The Corbin Building forms a 152-foot-long nar- cided to link the Corbin Building’s destiny to the new row wedge shape whose major axis runs north to construction. Instead of creating lateral load struc- south, and which measures 40 feet at its widest ture within a small historic footprint, it ties levels 2 point. Structurally, it comprises a gravity frame of and 3 of the Corbin Building to the Fulton Center cast-iron columns and wrought-iron beams sup- via an interstitial building. Set back slightly from the porting Guastavino tile-arch floors. While columns Broadway street wall, the interstitial building features are embedded within the building envelope, the a structural steel grid of wide-flange steel sections facade is self-supporting masonry, with self-sup- consistent with ASTM A992 standards rising the porting cast-iron bay windows on the south and full height of the Corbin Building. Covil refers to the west elevations. seemingly separate volume as a “splint.” Unreinforced masonry is the source of lateral During construction, steel integrity ties consist- stability in a historical building like the Corbin tower, ing of 8-by-4-inch double angles were installed in and due to the 20-foot width of the west elevation, a north-south direction between opposing piers. as well as its abundant fenestration, Arup identified These angles were required to resolve the lateral

This spread photographs: MTA/Patrick Cashin; diagram: Arup; opening spread: James Ewing Cashin; diagram: Arup; opening spread: photographs: MTA/Patrick This spread this side of the building as a particular weak spot thrust of the inverted arch foundations during ex-

10 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Fulton Center Structure 11 cavation of the adjacent lot. In preparation for the escalator insertion, and aligned to the Fulton Center Above Arup demonstrated the construc- more robust middle structure so that, as Covil says, FULTON CENTER STRUCTURE transit center’s construction, engineers underpinned structure. A new concrete retaining wall moves load tion’s feasibility with a 3-dimensional “Those three components are all effectively one ETABS model. the western end of the building. These portions are from the south retaining wall into the ring. Crews building.” (Unlike the multivalent interventions found Location: Fulton at Broadway and Cortland Street, New York, NY Facing The interstitial building under supported on reinforced concrete walls cast beneath undertook the process of creating this wall over construction at the northeast corner of beneath the Corbin Building, the interstitial and Owner: MTA Arts for Transit and Urban Design and the MTA Capital Construction the existing shallow foundation. the course of more than a year, first by underpin- John Street and Broadway. When the pavilion buildings are rooted to structural columns Company (MTACC), New York, NY For additional support, Arup applied a seismic ning the new element with concrete needle beams Corbin earned historic status, the design on 25-foot centers, which rise from a concrete raft.) Sky-Reflector Net Artist: James Carpenter Design Associates (JCDA), New York, NY team revisited initial plans for full-block upgrade technique to the north-elevation masonry and excavating the so-called Bull’s Liver soil, then In what Covil calls “a mixture of compromise and Architect: Grimshaw Architects, New York, NY development. between datum and level 2. Crews encased the wall creating the retaining wall and the profiled concrete optimization,” the interstitial building also shoulders Structural and Mechanical Engineer, Facade Consultant: Arup, New York, NY in 4 inches of reinforced shotcrete and attached it to wellway itself. egress, ConEd transformers, freight elevators, and Construction Manager: Lend Lease, part of a joint venture with PB Americas, the existing masonry via L-shaped reinforcing bars When the Corbin Building earned historic status, a conduit for main electrical equipment, all of which New York, NY in a 2-by-2-foot grid. To stiffen the Corbin Building and project stakeholders signed a memorandum benefit the entire headhouse facility. Structural Steel Erector: Imperial Iron Works, Bronx, NY above level 3, a concrete moment frame distributes of understanding to integrate the landmark into the The most visible of all of the maneuvers required Architectural Metal Erector: Jordan Panel Systems Corp. (exterior/interior metal lateral loads to the Fulton Center ties below, and overall Fulton Center, the design team had already to bring Fulton Center to life is within the pavilion, panels), East Northport, NY connects to the interstitial building directly in accor- developed a full-block new-construction scheme where V columns comprised of wide flange column Ornamental Metal Erector: Capco Steel Erection Co., Providence, RI dance with system modeled after springs. for the project. Even though the sudden change of sections rise to support the second and third floors Curtain Wall Fabricator and Erector: Enclos, New York, NY Arup produced these solutions in tandem with its course scrapped three months of work, Covil recalls of the “donut” surrounding the central atrium. The development of the escalator void. To realize it, the being pleased with the decision “because preserv- outer branch of each V column terminates at the project team followed a similar principle of transfer- ing the Corbin Building is the right thing to do,” he pavilion roof, while the inner branch rises to support ring the southern retaining wall’s loads to the newly says. “It added significantly to our work, because the oculus, and frame the dome beneath. Moment constructed floor diaphragms to the north. Now, we had to revisit a lot of assumptions, but that pro- connections between gravity columns and primary steel and concrete act as a horizontal beam over the cess helped our thinking.” girders provide additional lateral stability and gen- wellway, connecting the Corbin and interstitial build- Indeed, the interstitial building performs many eral redundancy. ing to one another at street level. other tasks, chief among them buttressing the As passengers stream through the transit hub, At the basement and sub-basement levels, more- Fulton Center pavilion in addition to the Corbin they may be unaware of the feat of engineering that over, a massive ring beam was placed within the Building. The pavilion’s structural grid is tied to the Cashin; Facing page: James Ewing This page: MTA/Patrick has brought them here.

12 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Fulton Center Structure 13 International Gem Tower

A faceted curtain wall defines a an opportunity to refine the ratio of rental units and shimmering architectural icon for gem suites and define a building plan that would be North America’s Diamond and sustainable within New York’s real estate market. “Feasibility studies began in 2005, and by early Gem District in Midtown Manhattan. 2006 we had determined the building configuration and started the intensive design process,” says Van Editor's note: To learn about the structural steel Holsbeke. Construction drawings were finalized in design of the Gem Tower, read The Gem of the 2007 and excavation moved slowly for the next two Big Apple reposted with permission from the years. In 2010, when economic growth rates started December 2014 issue of Modern Steel to rise, so did the tower. Construction at www.siny.org/project/GemTower. The building is divided into three zones: A three-story podium is programmed for retail through FORTY-SEVENTH STREET BETWEEN MANHATTAN’S Fifth the second floor; an office rental component that and Sixth Avenues is renowned worldwide for its comprises the middle section of the tower and prominence in the gem industry. When a midblock fronts 46th Street (13 stories) and long-term ten- site provided the opportunity to erect a symbol of ants in the diamond industry occupy an elevated this distinction, developer Extell commissioned ar- series of condominium suites that face 47th street chitect Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) to design (17 stories). The corporate rental units and the gem the International Gem Tower, a 34-story steel and suites presented very different business typologies, glass office building whose signature feature is its so each has its own entrance on its corresponding dazzling curtain wall. street with private elevator banks. Extell, whose President, Gary Barnett, worked For the latter, many tenants of the gem industry in the diamond industry in a previous life and require highly secured space with loading require- brought significant market knowledge to the project, ments that support reinforced safes and security “wanted an iconic building that they could be systems. A reinforced steel band in the floor slabs proud of, with enhanced visibility and recognition, was added to the base building structure to mini- especially since there’s no avenue frontage,” says mize additional reinforcements post occupancy. Kim Van Holsbeke, senior design architect at SOM. The full-time tenants—including the Gemological High-rises are typically located along the avenues in Institute of America, which has purchased three New York City, but because the Gem Tower is sited floors at 50 West 47th Street—occupy the higher mid-block, the upper floors boast unobstructed floors to maximize views. views north to Rockefeller Center, and south to the The client challenged SOM to go beyond a Empire State Building. detailed curtain wall and design an icon for the gem Although planning began nearly a decade ago, industry. “The story of the diamond industry didn’t the project progressed slowly during the recession of inspire the geometry directly, but it’s very fitting for the late aughts and picked up again as the economy its location,” says Van Holsbeke. The design was

Courtesy SOM / © James Ewing began to regain momentum. The delay provided conceived as a subtly folded glass plane realized

14 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 International Gem Tower 15 This spread A non-directional finish for through a repetitive system that achieves a 14-inch the curtain wall. “The proprietary fastening system the curtain wall’s stainless steel com- depth through a pleated geometry. Seven variations is cleaner and provides adjustability in various ap- ponents requires little maintenance and of insulated glass units form 232,447 square feet plications, including laterally, vertically, and after the gives a multifaceted appearance. of the curtain wall facade. Each IGU, or medal- curtain wall has been installed,” Platman explains. lion, measures 15 feet in height and 3 feet in width. The panels of Starlight 7J stainless steel were Depth is achieved through fritted glass spandrels manufactured in Japan by Tsukiboshi Art Company. that pitch 8 inches out from the vertical vision panels The finish is non-directional and uniformly textured and a 9-foot rectangle, punctuated vertically with without any coatings, so it requires very little main- 3-foot triangles of stainless steel with a starlight 7J tenance. “We selected the steel early on because of finish. The result is an elongated hexagonal shape the quality,” Van Holsbeke says. “The Starlight 7J that bookends each panel with great effect on the stainless has a beaded speckle quality that reduces visual geometry but not leasable square footage. directionality and produces a particular liveliness The panels appear to angle outward but are, in fact, when the suns hits it.” perpendicular to the floor plates to maximize interior Thanks to carefully specified materials, the real estate. facade has an ever-changing appearance, depen- Low iron, insulated glass manufactured by Viracon dent upon the weather conditions. “The reflective forms the 27-square-foot surface area of the vision character of the sun would embellish a semi- lites—the majority of the surface area on each panel. diagonal pattern, or sometimes they’d disappear At the base of the panel, ceramic fritted spandrel into the shimmering building, which we thought glass features a full-flood coat to conceal the floor very fitting since diamonds and gems do the same slabs behind it, says Larry Platman, senior project by polishing and faceting the stone’s surface,” Van manager at Permasteelisa. The curtain wall is bolted Holsbeke explains. “We created an analogy for to the floor plates with proprietary, extruded alumi- how we treated the facade to create a vibrant and

This spread and opening page: Tex Jernigan and opening page: Tex This spread num P-anchors via hooks connected to the back of dynamic presence.”

16 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 International Gem Tower 17 “We created an analogy for how we treated the facade to create a vibrant and dynamic presence.” Kim Van Holsbeke, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

The ideas were first tested in Rhino and Maxwell to mimic the effects of environmental conditions, from sun angles to cloud densities. Computer-aided analysis also helped derive cost efficiencies and communicate the geometry to the client and curtain wall manufacturer, Permasteelisa. It even identified INTERNATIONAL GEM TOWER the maintenance challenge posed by marrying the steel against glass: Window-washing rollers roll over Location: 50 West 47th Street, New York, NY the outer point of the glass, so the sharp edge of Owner/Developer: Extell Development Company, New York, NY the steel frame rolls over the glass edge for greater Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, New York, NY resistance against natural wear and tear. Structural Engineer: DeSimone Consulting Engineers, New York, NY Different elements of the facade New York, NY are emphasized depending on light Since completion, the International Gem Tower Mechanical Engineer: Edwards & Zuck, levels and the time of day, an has been leased to near its maximum capacity. The Construction Manager: Tishman Construction, New York, NY effect the architects modeled in retail portion of the building has been purchased by Curtain Wall Consultant: IBA Consultants, New York, NY Rhino and Maxwell. the Gulayar Group, which fitted out the building’s 80 Structural Steel Erector: DCM Erectors, Inc., New York, NY Facing The 232,447-square-foot Curtain Wall Fabricator: Permasteelisa North America Corp., New York, NY facade is comprised of seven types feet of frontage with marble and mirrored finishes of insulated glass units. that beckon visitors to enter the International Gem Curtain Wall Erector: Tower Installation, LLC, Windsor, CT

This page: Tex Jernigan; Facing page: Extell This page: Tex Tower’s street-level Jewelry Shopping Mall. Metal Deck Erector: DCM Erectors, Inc., New York, NY

18 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 International Gem Tower 19 One World Trade Center Facade

20 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 One World Trade Center Facade 21 An icon before it was ever heavily reinforced structure. (The Dosso, a director at SOM. The built, the tower in Lower building’s structural design is design also maximizes the vision Manhattan is known detailed in a feature on page 26). area for building occupants and “Our most convincing attribute is facilitated the installation process throughout the world by that you look at the building and of the unitized curtain wall during a shimmering facade that it looks like an office building, and construction. Reinforced mullions, protects those within you have no idea how robust it some as heavy as 60 pounds even as it enhances the is,” says Kenneth Lewis, manag- each, are clipped at the edge of city around it. ing partner at Skidmore, Owings the slab and attach the curtain wall & Merrill (SOM). According to to the building. THE COMPLETION OF ONE WORLD Lewis, the architects at the New The glass itself is a single, Trade Center marks a milestone York office of SOM, led by chief low-iron insulated glazing unit in New York’s post-9/11 recovery. designer David Childs, wanted to (IGU). Its outer lite is thicker than The emblematic nature of the make the façade as uniform as what normally would be required building, located just north of the possible to create the image of for wind or hurricane force winds, massive pools set within the foot- a building that was aspirational a minimum of ⅜ inches when prints of the fallen Twin Towers it rather than defensive. standard thickness is ¼ inch. The is meant to replace, brought con- To achieve that seamless inner lite—laminated for the safe- tinual challenges to a design team look, SOM worked with Viracon ty of occupants—varies in thick- that briefly included World Trade to specify glass panels that were ness depending on location. The Center site master planner Daniel extremely large, building a special end result is a crisp, clear panel Libeskind. All that remains of his production line for that purpose. that produces pure reflection original concept for the building, While most glass panels at the rather than the oil-canning effect once referred to as the Freedom time of fabrication a few years ago that can create an impressionistic Tower, is the iconic 1,776-foot were configured to be about 10 appearance. “That makes the height, coinciding with the year feet tall with an additional spandrel form of the building read as a the Declaration of Independence piece, the glass panels at One whole instead of as an articulated was signed, and making One WTC are 13 feet, 4 inches and surface,” says Lewis. WTC the tallest building in the span the entire floor-to-floor height Though the shimmering glass Western Hemisphere, surpassing without intermediary mullions. façade stands as a kaleidoscopic The tower’s base as seen from the Chicago’s Willis Tower. “What we did that was unique with display of refracted light as the grounds of the National September 11 What emerged instead—after this project back then is that we sun and clouds move through Memorial and Museum, pictured in the a decade of endless dialogue, chose to run the glass fully by the the sky, the prismatic structure foreground. design, re-design, and construc- nevertheless is articulated with Facing The tower under construction slab edge so the horizontal mul- in 2011. tion—is a gleaming tower whose lion at the bottom doesn’t break stainless steel panels spanning

This page: Tex Jernigan; facing page and opening spread: James Ewing/OTTO Jernigan; facing page and opening spread: This page: Tex monolithic appearance masks a through the glass,” explains Nicole the full height of each floor at its

22 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 One World Trade Center Facade 23 “You look at the building and it looks like an office building, and you have no idea how robust it is.” Kenneth Lewis, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

corners as the square plan at the exterior are a result of smaller bottom of the building shifts and curtain wall panels there. Rather tapers to a smaller square at the than the typical 5-foot-wide top. Measuring 200 feet by 200 panel, the glass stops short by feet at its base—the same size just over a foot, allowing intake as the footprints of the original and exhaust to occur through Twin Towers and the memorial those open slots. pools—One WTC is capped by A third major mechanical level a 150-foot by 150-foot square, is located in the podium. The po- which is rotated 45 degrees so dium wall base consists of vertical that the midpoints of the square laminated glass fins and hori- at the bottom are the corners zontal stainless steel slats. The of the square at the top. The more than 4,000 glass fins, each imposing shaft that gives form to measuring 13 feet, 4 inches by this transition—producing eight 2 feet, are positioned at varying isosceles triangles that run the angles in a regular pattern over length of the shaft and a series the height of the podium. This of octagonal floor plates at its pattern accommodates ventilation center—comprises over 70 floors for the mechanical levels behind of office space rising above the the podium wall. A reflective coat- 186-foot-tall concrete podium ing refracts and transmits light to at the base and culminating in create a dynamic glass surface three levels of observation decks in an attempt to assuage the spanning the 100th to 102nd floors. fortress-like appearance of the Above More than 4,000 laminated glass The 6-foot-tall steel band at its podium’s 28-inch-thick concrete fins and stainless steel slats form the roof has an upper elevation of walls. Glass over the lobby en- face of the podium, accommodating mechanical ventilation and breaking 1,368 feet and a lower one of trances feature a dichroic coating down the mass of the building’s base. ONE WORLD TRADE CENTER FACADE 1,362 feet—the two heights of that reflects and absorbs different the original Twin Towers. A series portions of the color spectrum, Location: 1 World Trade Center, New York, NY of communication platform rings resulting in a range of red, purple, Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, New York, NY and a 441-foot-tall mast crown and green casts, depending on Developer: 1 World Trade Center LLC (a wholly owned corporation by the Port the observatory. the angle of vision. Authority of New York and New Jersey and the Durst Organization), New York, NY Just below and above the ob- Perhaps the greatest achieve- Structural Engineer: WSP Cantor Seinuk, New York, NY servation decks are mechanical ment of the curtain wall however, Mechanical Engineer: Jaros Baum & Bolles, New York, NY areas. In order to eliminate any is not what is visible from the Spire, Communications Rings, Cable Net Wall Engineer: Schlaich, Bergermann und louvers exposed on the exterior outside, but what is experienced Partner Gmbh, New York, NY wall, the designers created a ple- from the inside. The extra large, Protective Design Engineer: Weidlinger Associates, New York, NY num behind it, housing an interior unobstructed glass panels flood Construction Manager: Tishman Construction Corporation (An AECOM Company), walkway. Set back approximately the narrow floor areas around the New York, NY 5 feet from the curtain wall is a building’s core with daylight, cre- Curtain Wall Commissioning Consultant: Israel Berger and Associates, New York, NY continuous louver that conceals ating bright, sunny office space Structural Steel Erector: DCM Erectors Inc., New York, NY all mechanical distribution. The that requires very little artificial Architectural and Ornamental Metal Erector: Tower Installation, New York, NY empty vertical slots over these lighting. And of course, there’s Curtain Wall Fabricator and Erector: Benson Industries, Inc., New York, NY

areas that are visible from the always the view. James Ewing This spread: Metal Deck Erector: DCM Erectors Inc., New York, NY

24 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 One World Trade Center Facade 25 One World Trade Center Structure

A product of both historic Viñoly’s recently topped-out 432 tions. At the lower levels, multi- loss and future goals for Park Avenue, also in Manhattan— floor “super diagonals” encircle Lower Manhattan, the which, at 1,396 feet, surpasses the building like a belt. At the One WTC’s 1,368-foot-high uppermost floors by the mechani- building’s structural steel roofline—can fit inside of it. cal levels, outriggers connect the frame maximizes safety, Notably, the “tube” design perimeter columns to the core. construction efficiency, of the original Twin Towers took The structural system at the pe- and tenant experience. much of the structural duty away rimeter allows for load shedding, from the buildings’ center and or the transfer of loads to other Editor’s note: Because of security placed it with the exterior walls. In locations. “On a theoretical level, requirements for One World Trade One WTC’s hybrid structure, both the moment frame creates a rope Center and surrounding proper- are equally important. “Having a out of all of the perimeter beams ties, certain information on the robust core has a lot of value,” so that if the thing that is sup- grade, size, and type of structural says Ahmad Rahimian, Director porting that rope goes away—two steel has been omitted. of Building Structures at WSP columns, for example—that rope Group, who worked with the goes into tension and pulls the SIMPLY PUT, ONE WORLD TRADE architects at SOM on both One forces back to the core, which is Center’s structure consists of a WTC and the previously com- where they want to go,” explains concrete core and a steel perim- pleted Seven WTC, in addition to SOM’s Kenneth Lewis. eter moment frame. But there is several other structures at Ground At One WTC, life safety is nothing simple about the design Zero. “The core brings stiff- paramount. “The engineering of this 1,776-foot tall crystalline ness and strength, and securely of the original Twin Towers was icon—the most significant of the houses all the mechanical distri- brilliant,” Lewis says. “It created new construction at the 16-acre bution, and especially all means robust buildings against forces of both from of egress—the inadequacies of wind and earthquake that were a symbolic point of view, and in the Twin Towers’ stairs were a incredibly light. However, it did terms of sheer size. problem.” not anticipate what happened to At its base, the structure’s The building’s perimeter them—I don’t think anyone could massive 110-by-110-foot con- features a framing system that have.” To provide optimum egress crete core, whose walls are as uses approximately 45,000 tons and firefighting capacity, the new much as 4 feet thick, is bigger of high-strength structural steel, building features extra-wide pres- than most towers being built used along with the prequalified surized stairs, concrete protection today. By comparison, Rafael ductile beam-column connec- for all sprinklers and emergency

26 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 One World Trade Center Structure 27 Left The tower under construction in 2011 amid massive infrastructure improvements adjacent to the site. Facing top An aerial view of One WTC and the National September 11 Memorial site. Facing bottom From left: typical low-, mid-, and high-rise floor plans illustrate the tower’s tapering form.

risers, interconnected redun- dant exits, additional stair exit locations at all adjacent streets, and direct exits to the street from tower stairs. To safeguard the building against the threat of vehicle-delivered explosives, the lower portion of the fortified base features 28-inch-thick concrete walls that shelter the area of the 60-foot-high lobby, though this is an added feature and does not contribute to the tower’s struc- tural integrity. “We really pushed the con- crete system to produce a 14,000 psi concrete—that was the first time it was done in New York City,” says Rahimian. “One thing we had with this project that was nice is that the Port Authority has its own material testing lab. We worked for months to streamline the mixes.” As the over three million- square-foot building tapers, some of the cells within the core drop off, and its walls decrease in thickness to a minimum of two feet. The narrowing of the building geometry not only accommo- dates the project’s gross area requirement, but also creates an aerodynamic shape that reduces the wind effect on the tower. “There’s a practical reason why the top of the building is smaller 0 7 R O O L F F S R 3 6 7 , 0 4 than the bottom, not just the M Q S 7 8 7 , 3

: Y E usual notions of load,” explains E L B A L I A AV L A C I N HA C E M Lewis. “In the old World Trade S R O T A V E L E Center, you’d get to the higher floors and there were these 70- to 90-foot spans from the core, which was relatively small, to the perimeter, leaving large areas with T no daylight. You want the floor E Taken together, the perimeter area to be smaller so people are closer to the glass.” and core systems make The floor system within the concrete core is a formed cast- One World Trade Center safer in-place concrete beam and flat slab system, while the floor area than either system could make outside the core is concrete on ONEWTC.COM EMAIL BROKER S N A L P R O O L F E V I T A C I D N I composite metal deck supported it on its own. on steel beams and connected via shear connectors. That

column-free floor system spans Center Trade This page and opening page: James Ewing/OTTO; facing top: Iwan Baan; bottom: One World

28 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 One World Trade Center Structure 29 Left Concrete walls more than 2 feet Rahimian, that mat is strong order to achieve a higher bearing ONE WORLD TRADE CENTER STRUCTURE thick shelter the lobby; slots allow day- enough to be the foundation for a capacity of up to 114 tons per light into the space. 40-story building. square foot. Rock anchors/tie Location: 1 World Trade Center, New York, NY Above Most members of the tower’s de- sign and construction team also worked The tower structure extends downs extending 80 feet into the Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, New York, NY together on , a 70 feet below grade passing rock were installed to resist the Developer: 1 World Trade Center LLC (a wholly owned corporation by the Port project that allowed them to test many through four subterranean levels overturning effect from extreme Authority of New York and New Jersey and the Durst Organization), New York, NY of the safety strategies they would later where some of its structural wind events. Structural Engineer: WSP Cantor Seinuk, New York, NY use on One WTC. components required reposition- The symbolic significance Mechanical Engineer: Jaros Baum & Bolles, New York, NY ing to clear the PATH com- of One WTC, rising to a record- Spire, Communications Rings, Cable Net Wall Engineer: Schlaich, Bergermann und muter train tracks that cross the breaking height from the ashes Partner Gmbh, New York, NY between the core and the perim- building at the lowest basement of the worst attack on American Protective Design Engineer: Weidlinger Associates, New York, NY eter—with a maximum span of 47 level. The foundation and below- soil, forced designers to create Construction Manager: Tishman Construction Corporation (An AECOM Company), feet—for construction efficiency grade structure are founded on a heavily reinforced tower with New York, NY and flexibility of tenant use. Manhattan bedrock using spread structural and life safety redun- Curtain Wall Commissioning Consultant: Israel Berger and Associates, New York, NY At the building’s apex, a and strip footings with bearing dancies that exceed existing Structural Steel Erector: DCM Erectors Inc., New York, NY 441-foot-tall spire—comprising capacities of 60 tons per square codes to withstand a potential Architectural and Ornamental Metal Fabricator: Airflex Corp., Inc., Farmingdale, NY three circular communication foot or better. Space constraints similar attack while preserving Architectural and Ornamental Metal Erector: Tower Installation, New York, NY platform rings and a needle- due to the proximity of exist- life and the building itself. Taken Curtain Wall Fabricator and Erector: Benson Industries, Inc., New York, NY like mast—is mounted atop a ing train lines—which remained together, the perimeter and core Metal Deck Erector: DCM Erectors Inc., New York, NY reinforced concrete mat that is operational throughout construc- systems make One WTC safer directly supported by the tower’s tion—required excavating deeper than either system could make it

concrete core. According to James Ewing This spread: into the rock at select locations in on its own.

30 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 One World Trade Center Structure 31 Promise Academy I, a new project by nonprofit organization Harlem Promise Children’s Zone, relies on a steel structure to meet the building’s multiple educational programming needs and solve challenges posed by its tight Academy I construction site.

RECENTLY COMPLETED WITHIN THE ST. Nicholas Houses complex, a public housing development in central Harlem, Promise Academy I aims to offer the community’s children a bright future by providing them with school facilities that best fit K-12 students’ educational needs. With a facade colored in light, neutral shades accented by glazing framed in bold red, this five-story, 135,000-square-foot school building with rooftop play areas stands out from the surrounding institutional red brick housing. Given a very restrictive site within the residential development, architect John Ciardullo Associates, PC, chose a structural steel frame to solve challenges encountered during the design process and ensure the building functions as a school that accommo- dates more than 1,300 students of various ages. Given its location within a housing development, Promise Academy I occupies a very constrained site where the face of the building falls on the property line. Since the perimeter footings could not extend beyond the property line, strap beams were used to tie back these footings to the interior footings. The lightweight steel frame was advantageous in reduc- ing the eccentric loads on the perimeter footings. “All the schools that we build in the city are steel- framed buildings,” says Chuck Heaphy, a senior architect who led the project for Ciardullo. “We find that steel is well suited for schools for various reasons.” One of the most important of these is the structure’s ability to adapt to the wide variety of spaces required in modern educational environ- ments: classrooms, libraries, cafeterias, gymnasium, and auditoriums. “Using steel allowed us freedom in our design to configure the spaces as we needed for this wide range of spaces in a tight site for a K-12 building,” says Heaphy. In the Promise Academy I building, the use of steel enabled not only different bay sizes needed for classrooms but also long spans for large public assembly spaces. A 67-by-97-foot area on the first floor is used as a combination gymnasium–audi- torium where long span steel beams create the necessary column-free space. Cellular LB60 x 215, 52-inch-deep proprietary Smartbeam beams were selected for the gymnasium in order for them to span across the width of the gymnasium. In addition to supporting the gymnasium roof, a set of double cellular beams were used to support a three-story classroom section directly over gymnasium. The cir- cular openings allowed the architects to run the me- chanical, plumbing, and sprinkler systems through

32 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Promise Academy I 33 Facing A curtain wall marked with red trim creates a visual connection with the surrounding residential complex, revealing a library. The school’s steel structure allowed architects to stack a recreational area on the roof, maximizing use of the small building site. Right The school is the largest school built for Geoffrey Canada, who is featured in the acclaimed documentary “Waiting for Superman,” and his Harlem Children’s Zone initiative. Below A unitized metal wall system of aluminum-faced composite panels encloses most of the building’s exterior.

the beams, ensuring the gymnasium maintained the 24-foot clearance required for basketball and vol- leyball. The exposed steel frame at the gymnasium served to organize the MEP systems and resulted in an aesthetically pleasing structure. Steel was also used on top of the gymnasium to create a rooftop play area. A rarely used steel shape, 8-inch hollow steel sections (HSS) with a 24-foot height, was used around the play yard’s perimeter to support a network of steel cables. A netting system was connected to the cables in order to enclose the play yard. “The most important priority for the project was scheduling,” says Heaphy. “The Harlem Children’s Zone wanted this school to be up and running as soon as possible because there was an urgent need for educational space.” A unitized metal wall system composed of aluminum faced composite panels encloses the majority of the building’s exterior. The unitized system allowed 12-by-30-foot panels for the wall system to be fabricated offsite in Long Island while the steel frame was being erected. Using this wall system helped them to save at least three to four months of erection time. The concurrent process of offsite panel fabrication and onsite steel frame erec- tion worked well for a project started during severe wintertime weather conditions. “Six weeks after the steel frame was erected, we had an enclosed building ready for the interior work,” says Heaphy. Contrasting materials on the lower and upper lev- els of the building achieved aesthetic and functional goals—brick on the lower floor allowed the architects to tie the building into its surrounding context and also provided durability for the lower floor. Above the first floor, the four-story metal panel system puts less

This spread and opening spread: John Ciardullo Associates Associates John Ciardullo and opening spread: This spread weight on the lower part of the building.

34 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Promise Academy I 35 Above A typical classroom. The steel Below left Cellular beams span across structure accommodates the range the width of the gymnasium, creating a of spaces required for a K-12 school, column-free space and supporting three including classrooms, cafeterias, and stories of classrooms overhead. auditoriums. Below right The school’s main entrance.

A structural glazed curtain wall occupies only a PROMISE ACADEMY I small portion of the building enclosure, but serves an important purpose. On the southwest corner, Location: 245 West 129th Street, New York, NY two libraries stack together on the third and fourth Owner/Developer: HCZ-Promise LLC, a partnership between Harlem Children’s floors where the curtain wall creates a welcoming Zone and Civic Builders, New York, NY transparency, enforcing a strong visual connection Architect: John Ciardullo Associates, P.C., New York, NY between the school and its surrounding community. Structural Engineer: John Ciardullo Associates, P.C., New York, NY In addition to the libraries, the aluminum curtain wall Mechanical Engineer: DVL Consulting Engineers, Inc., Hackensack, NJ was used to accentuate the corners of three major Construction Manager: Tishman Construction, an AECOM Company, New York, NY circulating stairs flooding them with natural light. Structural Steel Fabricator and Erector: Glasmar Steel Erectors, Inc., Since its founding in the 1990s as a “one-block Rockville Centre, NY pilot”, Harlem Children’s Zone has provided com- Miscellaneous Iron Erector: FMB, Inc., Harrison, NJ prehensive help and critical support to children and Architectural Metal Fabricator and Erector: W&W Glass, LLC, Nanuet, NY their families in underserved communities continu- Ornamental Metal Erector: JEM Architecturals Inc., Bronx, NY ally expanding the reach of its programs in the past Curtain Wall Fabricator and Erector: W&W Glass, LLC, Nanuet, NY several years. It serves more than 12,300 youth and Metal Deck Erector: Glasmar Steel Erectors, Inc., Rockville Centre, NY 12,400 adults today. Open since May 2013, Promise Academy I will continue serving the community and bringing positive changes to the neighborhood for

This spread: John Ciardullo Associates Associates John Ciardullo This spread: its current and future generations.

36 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Promise Academy I 37 Firm Standard Drawing / 2013

121st Police Precinct Station House

A cantilevered structural Designed by Rafael Viñoly of the hill to the east, and the steel design allows Architects (RVA), the 47,000- longest elevation facing north. Staten Island’s new square-foot station’s massing Bands of glazing accentuate and design are boldly forward the horizontality of the building’s police station to sit on Building Section thinking for such a specific form and provide glimpses of the a challenging site—and program. Sited on a long, narrow muscular trusses that support a 1. become a new model for lot that was formerly a mill- massive second-story cantilever. civic buildings in the city. ings yard for the New York City Because of the slope of the site, 2. Entry Department of Transportation, the station is only one story on its 3. Main Desk the new building had to adapt to western end, at the highest point Completed in 2013, NYPD’s several challenging constraints: of the hill. The cantilever makes a 121st Police Precinct Station a block-long, sloping site that is second story possible, and push- House on Staten Island is the smaller in the front of the build- es the public face of the building first new stationhouse construct- ing (facing east) than the back, close to busy Richmond Avenue: ed in the borough in 50 years, a residential neighborhood to it gives the illusion that the lobby accommodating the nearly the north and a cemetery to the is closer to the street than it is, 400 officers that serve in this south. In response, RVA com- projecting a welcoming presence, rapidly growing borough. It is posed a 500-feet-long, gently but also maintaining security. also the first police station in the arcing, two-story bar volume. The The impressive 95-foot city to be certified LEED Silver building’s shape conforms to the overhang shelters broad concrete under former Mayor Michael narrow, irregular site, with smaller steps, creating a protected public Bloomberg’s PlaNYC 2030. frontage (140 feet) at the bottom entrance.

38 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 121st Police Precinct Station House 39 FT 5 10 25 50 This spread Massive steel trusses allow the building’s 95-foot cantilever, which creates a protective overhang above the main entrance and maximizes the long, narrow site.

The station’s cantilever isn’t just a grand civic gesture—it also allows for a column-free lobby and front desk area, preserving sightlines for safety and an open, airy atmosphere. Offices and storage areas line the perimeter of the ground floor behind the lobby. More offices and staff locker rooms on the second floor receive ample daylight from the bands of windows and have views out (the building’s narrow footprint means that 80 percent of the spaces receive daylight and 95 percent have views). A single-story grey brick wing extends from the south houses a muster room for com- munity meetings. It also holds a detainee processing area and the detective unit; their proxim- ity to each other makes officers more efficient—as does a building that is only two stories. The rear third of the station, to the west, contains the building’s mechani- cal systems and covered parking for smaller police vehicles. As Wilmers explained, officers didn’t want mechanicals located in a hard-to-reach basement, but it turned out a lower level would have nearly been impos- sible to construct. The archi- tects and engineers discovered extensive amounts of granite running through the site, much of which needed to be drilled and removed. In order to create the required rock sockets, 108 cais- sons of 32- and 18-inches were drilled into the granite. Additional granite removal was required for

This page top: Rafael Viñoly Architects; bottom and facing: United Structural Works; opening page photo: © Bruce Damonte; diagram: Rafael Viñoly Architects bottom and facing: United Structural Works; This page top: Rafael Viñoly Architects; the installation of grade beams,

40 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 121st Police Precinct Station House 41 Right Each one unique, the columns’ 6-inch curving steel tubes are arranged in two separate layers, creating an intri- cate basketlike form.

This spread The station’s cantilever cre- grees to land them onto previously envelope, low-E glazing on all ates a column-free lobby and front desk installed steel braced frames and exterior windows and the skylight The cantilever makes area and supports second-floor offices temporary steel shoring. Due to above the lobby, brownfield rec- and staff locker rooms. their composite structure, the lamation of the site, stormwater a second story possible, trusses were not complete until management, bio-retention areas, all infill beams, metal decking, and drought-resistant landscap- and pushes the public pile caps, underground utilities, shear studs, and concrete slabs ing. “The building orientation face of the building close and a storm detention vault. had been fully installed. The curve is also advantageous for heat The building’s cantilever was of the building, with a 3,800-foot gain, with the short sides facing to busy Richmond Avenue, the other big construction chal- radius of the building plan and a east and west,” said Wilmers. lenge. The design required the 40-foot curved increase in roof The 121st Police Precinct Station projecting a welcoming installation of two 95-foot-long height, required careful fabrica- House should also set a prec- 121st POLICE PRECINCT STATION HOUSE transfer trusses featuring 120- tion and installation of intricate edent for the City’s station houses presence, but also foot back spans to counter the steel frame connections. The of the future—both in the way it Location: 970 Richmond Avenue, Staten Island, NY deflection forces of the extreme bottom courses have sections as solves the quandary of a chal- maintaining security. Owner: New York City Police Department, New York, NY cantilever. In total four 18-foot- large as W30x235, with W14x398 lenging site with sophisticated Architect: Rafael Viñoly Architects, New York, NY high steel trusses needed to be diagonal supports at the base of steel construction, and with its Structural Engineer: Ysrael A. Seinuk, PC, New York, NY fabricated off site, disassembled, the cantilever. sleek, modern design. It serves its Mechanical Engineer: Joseph R. Loring and Associates, Inc., New York NY then shipped to Staten Island and In order to achieve a LEED users efficiently and is a gracious Construction Manager: The LiRo Group, New York, NY reassembled laid on their sides. Silver rating, “we were able to presence in a borough poised for Structural Steel and Miscellaneous Iron Fabricator and Erector: United Structural After reassembly, a crane operator break out of some of [the client’s] change. Works, Congers, NY delicately raised the truss upright, standards,” said Wilmers, includ- Architectural Metal Fabricator and Erector: RISA Management Corp., Westbury, NY

lifted and rotated them 180 de- ing an energy-efficient building Above left and facing: © Bruce Damonte; Above: Brad Feinknopf Ornamental Metal Fabricator and Erector: RISA Management Corp., Westbury, NY

42 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 121st Police Precinct Station House 43 Fordham University Law School and Residence Hall

The new face of the school’s Lincoln much needed housing for 130 undergraduates. Center campus uses two curved structural The law school also creates a new northern enclo- steel trusses to accommodate a tight sure for Fordham’s Robert Moses Plaza, a lush green square, protecting it from busy West 62nd Street. budget and the need for column-free Szeto and Cobb stepped the building’s northern spaces within the new mixed-use building. elevation back at the second floor, creating an out- door terrace that looks across 62nd Street to Lincoln Center’s plaza. Combined with this piano nobile, as IN 1954, FORDHAM UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT Father Szeto calls it, the law school’s concave curves are an Laurence J. McGinley asked New York City mas- inviting gesture to its grand cultural neighbor across ter planner Robert Moses if Fordham—founded in the street, its buff-colored panels visually connecting 1841—could create a satellite of its Bronx cam- to Lincoln Center’s swaths of travertine. “From the pus by renting space in a new office building at first visit Yvonne and I made here, we were aware . Moses turned him down, but what that this was a very privileged site,” says Henry Cobb, he offered instead nearly made the cleric fall off his founding partner. “We are creating, with this building, chair. According to Fordham history, Moses pro- a new face for the Lincoln Center campus.” posed the school use almost 10 acres of what would The most unusual part of Fordham’s brief for become Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts’ the building was the inclusion of an undergraduate 16.3-acre campus. So, before there was an Alice residence hall with the law school. Using a type of Tully Hall, Avery Fisher Hall, Metropolitan Opera framing system developed in 1966 by prominent House, or even an iconic fountain at Lincoln Center, American structural engineer William LeMessurier, Fordham’s law school building opened there in 1962. the architects deftly added a 12-story tower on top Today, Fordham’s Manhattan campus has expand- of the school in order to accommodate the dorm. ed to become home to portions of its undergraduate In plan, the glass and steel tower diagonally college and its graduate schools of arts and sciences, bisects the easternmost volume of the law school, business, education, and social service. In 2014, as with its convex curves complementing the school’s part of the first phase of a 15-year master plan for concave ones. “We decided not to just place the the Lincoln Center campus, Fordham opened the [dormitory] east-west, so it would separate 62nd doors of a new law school and residence hall by Pei Street and the plaza, but instead to angle it so it Hunter’s Point Campus anchors Cobb Freed & Partners, led by partners Henry Cobb opens out more gently to the north and south,” says Hunter’s Point South, the Long Island and Yvonne Szeto. The nine-story law school (with a Szeto, gesturing to Columbus Avenue. City neighborhood master-planned by tenth floor below grade), roughly L-shaped in plan, Such a complex mix of programs and spaces— FXFOWLE; it marks the eastern edge of the Hunter’s Point South Waterfront has gently curving facades clad in a checkerboard many of them column-free, such as the law school’s Park designed by Weiss/Manfredi and pattern of glazing and precast concrete panels. The, library, a large multi-purpose room on the second Thomas Balsley Associates. 478,305-square-foot lower building more than doubles floor, and classrooms on the third and fourth—re- school’s event and office space, while the residence quired extensive coordination with the project’s hall on levels eleven through twenty-two provides structural engineers, WSP Cantor Seinuk (WSPCS).

44 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Fordham University Law School and Residence Hall 45 Programmatically, Szeto and Cobb placed the members of the truss are HSS (square/rectangular law school’s most public programs, such as mock sections). “This system results in a considerable sav- courtrooms, event spaces, and the dining room, on ing in both building height and cost,” explains Rodica the first two floors. Floors three and four contain in- Kestenband, Vice President and WSPCS Project structional spaces; five and six hold the 90,000-vol- Manager. The trusses are in line with the partition ume law library; seven and eight are for faculty and walls, so that the steel is concealed by a soffit on top administration offices; and the ninth floor provides of the wall. The diagonal members are eliminated at an elegant and private space for the work of the corridors, replaced by a Vierendeel truss system to law clinic, a law firm within the school that has 14 allow for corridor openings to go through the truss. practice areas and takes court-appointed cases. To maximize the open spaces at the law school be- “Within every package of two floors, we have multi- low, WSPCS developed two curved trusses, matching story atriums where we connect the students,” says the profile of the dormitory tower and extending its en- Szeto; providing a sense of community in the “verti- tire length within the mechanical floor and supported cal campus” was another of the firm’s missions. on six mega-columns. Column free spaces were also Whereas conventional steel framing with com- created by hanging large floor areas from Vierendeel posite concrete on metal deck flooring was selected trusses between the top levels of the law school. for law school floors, LeMessurier’s staggered truss The building’s design and program require the This page, clockwise from top left Facing page The law school’s triple- system was chosen for the framing of the dormitory transfer of upper level columns supporting the stag- Staggered truss construction. An height lobby (top) and column-free moot floors. It consists of a staggered truss steel fram- gered truss system once they reach the 10th floor exterior view of the mega truss. Beam courtroom (bottom). ing system spaced up to 30 feet, with 30-foot-long, (the first floor of the dormitory). Story-deep trusses openings for telecom and HVAC require- th th ments. The school under construction 8-inch-thick precast, pre-stressed concrete planks between the 10 and 11 floors, and located within in 2012. Mega truss load transfer from spanning between the trusses, with floors alternately the exterior wall of the residential tower, allow this tower to podium. The dormitory’s stag- supported on the top and bottom chords. The top transfer to happen. This economical truss system gered truss. and bottom chords and perimeter columns are can be used because the 10th floor is dedicated to rd This page: Christina Nambiar/Pei Cobb Freid & Partners; opening page photo: © Paul Warchol This page: Christina Nambiar/Pei Cobb Freid © Paul Warchol This page and following spread: W sections, and the interior vertical and diagonal mechanical equipment (as is the 23 ).

46 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Fordham University Law School and Residence Hall 47 FORDHAM UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL AND RESIDENCE HALL

Location: 150 West 62nd Street, New York, NY Owner: Fordham University, New York, NY Architect: Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, New York, NY Structural Engineer: WSP Cantor Seinuk, New York, NY Mechanical Engineer: Cosentini Associates, New York, NY Structural Steel Erector: Falcon Steel Co., Inc., Wilmington, DE Miscellaneous Iron Fabricator and Erector: Ment Brothers Iron Works Co., New York, NY Architectural Metal Fabricator and Erector: Benson Industries, New York, NY Ornamental Metal Fabricator and Erector: Airflex Industrial Inc., Farmingdale, NY Curtain Wall Fabricator and Erector: Benson Industries, New York, NY

The lateral-load resisting system consists of a Top The law school’s double-height combination of resistance provided by the stiff- library. ness of the story-deep staggered truss system Above A curving steel staircase con- nects the third and fourth-floor student and braced frames inside the elevator walls in the lounges and is a focal point in the tall residential tower. The lower level framing utilizes a interior space. Curved HSS stringers combination of braced frames in the elevator cores, provide an efficient continuous for combined with moment frames strategically located load transfer and are connected by radial HSS cords that support metal pans within the column lines. The frames, column, and seats for precast terrazzo treads and diagonal members are typically A992 Grade 50 W14 risers. The guardrail is made of curved sections; however some members require built-up glass panels slipped into a steel shoe at plate sections or W14 sections with ASTM A572 the base that is anchored to the top of the HSS stringer. Grade 50 plates. This unusual combination of a law school and an undergraduate dormitory—not to mention Fordham’s home within the context of Lincoln Center—reflects the current and future face of cities, says Cobb. “The future of cities is going to involve more and more mixed use,” he says. “Even though these are both Fordham buildings, they serve totally differ- ent constituencies. Most people don’t notice the dorm when they are close up to the law school, yet it’s a very important gesture. I think in a strange way the dormitory adds something to law school.” © David Sundberg/Esto

48 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 Fordham University Law School and Residence Hall 49 INSTITUTE NEWS AND EVENTS

CONTINUING EDUCATION This assessment may sound like a dire settings. One such example is a highly nature-inspired projects, and a comprehen- Facades+ symposium exploring emergent PROFESSIONAL challenge or a great opportunity depending visible and significant project in the area sive representation of the unique presenta- geometries and materials that have given birth WITH ARCHITECTURAL on your point of view. Either way, one thing is around the site of New York City’s former tion of the practice’s current work. After the to a new alliance between facade designers and RESOURCES RECORD AND ARCHITECT clear: As more people come to live in urban Twin Towers at the World Trade Center in talk, Whalley joined Columbia GSAPP Dean fabricators. Donating steel manuals to Relationships developed through the areas, large or small, more housing must be Lower Manhattan. Amale Andraos, along with Lise Anne Cou- engineering programs The Steel and Ornamental Metal institutes designed and constructed to accommodate The project involved design and con- ture and Laurie Hawkinson, to discuss these design-assist contracting method have of New York continues its series of AIA them. In New York City alone, projections call struction of an entry pavilion to the Winter themes with the audience whose notable enabled built projects previously consid- For the past two Continuing Education articles with Archi- for one million more residents by the year Garden and World Financial Center, located attendees included BuroHappold Engineer- ered too challenging or high-risk. In "Col- decades the tectural Record and Architect in 2015, with 2040. As population increases, density usu- across the street from the World Trade ing’s visionary leader Craig Schwitter. laborative Futures: Emergent Trends in Steel Institute topics ranging from designing residential ally increases—meaning that buildings nec- Center, which was heavily impacted by the Facade Design & Delivery," panelists will of New York towers with structural steel to the highly essarily get taller. In this scenario, high-rise attacks of 9/11. Perhaps no other project To watch a video of the talk, visit the News discuss the intense teamwork happen- has contributed coordinated construction of the Pavilion at multi-family buildings can become the pre- in the country illustrates more clearly the tab at www.siny.org ing between the concept and execution complementary Brookfield Place in Lower Manhattan. More ferred housing choice for many either due to challenges and benefits of an architect-led, of today’s complex facade programs, and copies of topics are available online affordability, proximity to transportation sys- collaborative, project-delivery process, or where the industry is subsequently headed. the Steel at continuingeducation. Renzo Piano Discusses tems, or because of upscale, tenant-oriented integrated project delivery (IPD). Manhattanville Campus The discussion will be moderated by Peter Construction construction.com and www. design. This trend is already playing out in Arbour (Vidaris); panelists include Mike Manual to architectmagazine.com via cities across the United States and Canada Originally published in the Novem- at Columbia Haber (W&W Glass); Alberto de Gobbi (Per- engineering the Continuing Ed tab. Read where high-rise condominiums and apart- ber 2014 issue of Architectural Record. On March 11, masteelisa); Mic Patterson (Enclos); and programs at the current course introduc- ments have been built and occupied at a Go to course number ARdec2014.1 at 2015, cel- Jeffrey C Heymann (Benson Industries Inc). colleges and tions and find complete text healthy, sustained rate over the past decade. ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete ebrated archi- With the theme of “Resilience,” this universities in the and tests via the URLs below: text and to take the test for free. tect Renzo year’s New York Facades+ symposium five boroughs. Originally published in the December 2014 Piano pre- will focus on innovation in facade design Contact the Institute at (212) 697-5553 for Re-Thinking Steel: A Logical issue of Architect magazine. Go to UNIVERSITY LECTURE sented a for changing environmental conditions. more information. Choice For High-Rise http://go.hw.net/AR1214Course1 for com- SERIES lecture on Registered architects can earn 8 AIA LU/ Residential Design plete text and to take the test for free. Columbia HSW credits for the day-long event, which Tall and Supertall Buildings: The Insti- University’s includes keynote addresses by Thorsten Planning and Design Optimizing The Structure To Maximize Structural Innovation: tutes sponsor new 17-acre Helbig (Knippers Helbig Advanced Engi- Usable Space Weaving Successful Outcomes free lectures Manhattan- neering) and Greg Pasquarelli (SHoP Archi- CTBUH has CONTINUING EDUCATION for students ville campus. tects). Location: CUNY Graduate Center, released a new Architects, owners, contractors, fabrica- and build- The event was Proshansky Auditorium, 365 Fifth Avenue book featuring tors, and installers can change the way ing industry sponsored at 34th Street, New York, NY 10016. Visit contributions RE-THINKING STEEL—A LOGICAL CHOICE they work together to achieve more inte- professionals by the Orna- www.facadesplus.com for more information from 30 global FOR HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL DESIGN grated project delivery. at institu- mental Metal and to register. experts from the OPTIMIZING THE STRUCTURE TO MAXIMIZE USABLE SPACE tions includ- CTBUH member 2 educational-advertisement Institute of New York. Now under construc- Presented by: ing Columbia tion, the 6.8 million-square-foot project Thomas Z. Scarangello / network—many LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this article, you will be able to: Structural Innovation— GSAPP, of them CTBUH • Identify and recognize advantages to using steel construction for high-rise will retain the existing street grid, improve residential design in an urban setting. Chairman & CEO, Thornton • Investigate the space saving potential of advanced floor profile systems using Weaving Successful Outcomes steel construction and hybrid systems using “D” beams and concrete plank. Cooper Union, and Pratt Institute. For more pedestrian access, enhance waterfront Leaders—who • Assess the issues and forward-thinking solutions for high-rise steel residential architects, owners, contractors, fabricators, and installers can change the way they construction. work together to achieve more integrated project delivery Tomasetti • Discuss case studies of high-rise residential buildings designed with steel and thin floor plate systems. information on upcoming lectures, visit were involved Sponsored by the Steel Institute of New York | By Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP views, introduce open space to the public, CONTINUING EDUCATION “Innovative Steel Structures” round the country, architects CREDIT: 1 HSU the Events tabs at www.siny.org and www. in the planning are perfecting the art of effective and provide new homes for the Jerome L. COURSE NUMBER: ARdec2014.1 collaboration to produce highly Use the learning objectives to focus your study as you read A successful projects. Building design and this article. To earn credit and obtain a certificate of completion, visit ominy.org. April 13 and design of http://go.hw.net/AR1214Course1 and complete the quiz for free as you construction are influenced by increasingly Greene Science Center, the School of the read this article. If you are new to Hanley Wood University, create a free complex demands and user requirements, learner account; returning users log in as usual. particularly in dense, urban settings. One such example is a highly visible and significant project the some of the High-rise residential buildings are meeting the needs of a growing urban population with ingenuity and Arts, Columbia Business School, the School creativity in the way that they are constructed using structural steel. All photos courtesy of Girder-Slab in the area around the site of New York City’s Technologies, LLC, unless noted otherwise former Twin Towers at the World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan. world’s most More than half of the world’s population (54 more residents by the year 2040. As population building criteria. A design program is defined The project involved design and construction RECENT of International Public Affairs, an academic PRATT SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE percent) currently lives in urban areas. By the increases, density usually increases—meaning in consultation with the owner or developer of of an entry pavilion to the Winter Garden and year 2050, that number is projected to grow that buildings necessarily get taller. In this the property to determine the intended market World Financial Center, located across the to two thirds (66 percent). According to John scenario, high-rise multi-family buildings can or occupancy mix. That feeds into the overall street from the World Trade Center, which was conference center, and more. Dean Amale significant skyscrapers. Edited by Akbar Wilmoth, of the UN’s Population Division, the become the preferred housing choice for design of the individual living units, including heavily impacted by the attacks of 9/11. Perhaps source for the above figures, “Managing urban many either due to affordability, proximity to features and amenities to be preferred or no other project in the country illustrates areas has become one of the most important transportation systems, or because of upscale, avoided. With this conceptual framework in more clearly the challenges and benefits of an Grimshaw Sheds Light onto Tamboli, P.E., F.ASCE, Tall and Supertall development challenges of the 21st century. tenant-oriented design. This trend is already hand, the design team can then start to shape architect-led, collaborative, project-delivery Andraos and Nicolai Ouroussoff gave their Our success or failure in building sustainable playing out in cities across the United States and define the appropriate building. process, or integrated project delivery (IPD). cities will be a major factor in the success of the and Canada where high-rise condominiums and One of the key design determinants in urban post-2015 UN development agenda” apartments have been built and occupied at a Buildings: Planning and Design describes settings is the local zoning ordinance that will COllAbOrAtiOn thrOugh Design Inspired by Nature for responses following Piano’s forward-think- healthy, sustained rate over the past decade. This assessment may sound like a dire challenge typically dictate parameters like maximum lot integrAted prOjeCt delivery The increasingly intricate and complex or a great opportunity depending on your HIGH-RISE MULTI-FAMILY DESIGN ISSUES coverage, setbacks, and maximum building point of view. Either way, one thing is clear: As height. Developers and owners will of course forces at work during a building’s design and ing talk. TODAY the special design features and engineering more people come to live in urban areas, large For those involved in the design and con- respect these regulations but often turn to construction can be seen as an evolution. The Columbia Students or small, more housing must be designed and struction of high-rise residential buildings, it is the design team to find ways to maximize use of advanced computing capabilities such constructed to accommodate them. In New clear that fundamental design decisions need the number of apartments or rentable as computer-aided design and documentation techniques used for landmark buildings York City alone, projections call for one million to be made in order to address a range of square footage within those guidelines. As (CADD) or three-dimensional building information modeling (BIM)—used not SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION just by designers but by constructors and In front of a packed Wood Auditorium at SCARANGELLO fabricators as well—have greatly affected the including Sears Tower, Taipei 101, Burj field of construction. Some evolution has UPCOMING also occurred due to fluctuating economic conditions, which in turn have led owners to Columbia’s GSAPP on October 29, 2014, Khalifa, Petronas Towers, Shanghai Tower, require greater efficiency, communication, and overall coordination across project teams. These More than half of the world’s population (54 elements have led everyone in the building Andrew Whalley explored themes of bio- and Kingdom Tower. industry to question traditional approaches to Collaborative Futures: Emergent 04 the processes used to create projects. percent) currently lives in urban areas. By Recognizing these changes, the American mimicry, biophilia, and other natural phe- Institute of Architects (AIA) has developed 13 This authoritative resource addresses a member-approved position statement on Trends in Facade Design & the year 2050, that number is projected to nomena within Grimshaw Architects’ vast The new entry pavilion of Brookfield Place HVAC systems, sustainability, geotechnical in New York City is an excellent example of structural innovation and professional Delivery at Facades+ April 16 grow to two thirds (66 percent). According collaboration to create a successful project body of work. The event was sponsored responding to changing needs. and foundation engineering, wind Left and right photos © Jeff Goldberg/Esto to John Wilmoth, of the UN’s Population by the Steel Institute of New York. The talk On April 16, engineering, and more. Construction Division, the source for the above figures, began with a surprise video appearance by 2015, the 6:00pm photographs and detailed diagrams are “Managing urban areas has become one of Around the country, architects are perfect- Sir Nicholas Grimshaw (unable to travel due Ornamental included throughout. This is the definitive the most important development challenges ing the art of effective collaboration to pro- to a recent accident) who introduced his Metal guide for engineers, architects, project Thomas Z. Scarangello of the 21st century. Our success or failure duce highly successful projects. Building colleague and encouraged young archi- Institute of “Innovative Steel Structures” managers, building inspectors, and anyone in building sustainable cities will be a major design and construction are influenced by tects-to-be in the audience to find inspira- New York Chairman & CEO, Thornton Tomasetti involved in the planning and design of Made possible with the generous support of the factor in the success of the post-2015 UN increasingly complex demands and user tion in the world around them. The lecture will sponsor tall and supertall buildings. For more development agenda” requirements, particularly in dense, urban provided documentation of Grimshaw’s a panel information, visit store.ctbuh.org. discussion at LECTURE BK For more information about upcoming Institute-sponsored events, visit www.siny.org and www.ominy.org. New York’s

50 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 51 Lawrence Weiss, Chairman Terry Daly Herbert K. Koenig, Chairman Randall Ment A.J. McNulty & Co., Inc. Skanska Koch, Inc. Tower Installation LLC Ment Brothers I.W. Co. Inc. Maspeth, NY Carteret, NJ Windsor, CT New York, NY

Jake Bidosky Rich Lucas Peter Carriero Randy Rifelli American Bridge Company Northeast Structural Steel Inc. Post Road Iron Works United Iron, Inc. Coraopolis, PA Mt. Vernon, NY Greenwich, CT Mount Vernon, NY

Terry Flynn Randall Ment Harvey A. Heffner Arthur Rubinstein Tutor Perini Corporation Ment Brothers, I.W. Co., Inc. Empire City Iron Works Skyline Steel Corp. New Rochelle, NY New York, NY Long Island City, NY Brooklyn, NY

Stephen Isaacson Robert Samela Structal-Heavy Steel Construction, A.C. Associates a div. of Canam Group Lyndhurst, NJ Point of Rocks, MD

Wayne Thomas Kiewit Contractors Woodcliff Lake, NJ

The labor to erect the structural steel on projects featured in this publication was provided by the The labor to erect the architectural and ornamental metals on projects featured in this publication following labor unions: was provided by the following labor union:

LOCAL UNION NO. 40 LOCAL UNION NO. 361 LOCAL UNION NO. 580 International Association of Bridge, Structural International Association of Architectural and Ornamental Ironworkers Ironworkers & Riggers Bridge, Structural Ironworkers & Riggers 501 West 42nd Street 451 Park Avenue South 89-19 97th Avenue New York, NY 10036 New York, NY 10016 Ozone Park, NY 11416 (212) 594-1662 (212) 889-1320 (718) 322-1016 Peter Myers Robert Walsh Matthew Chartrand Business Manager and Financial Business Manager and Business Manager and Secretary-Treasurer Financial Secretary-Treasurer Financial Secretary-Treasurer Michael Wenzel Kevin OʼRourke Anthony DeBlasie President President and Business Agent President and Business Agent Robert Benesh Daniel Doyle John Cush Business Agent Recording Secretary and Business Agent Business Representative Thomas Milton Business Agent LOCAL UNION NO. 14 LOCAL UNION NO. 15 & 15-D International Union of Operating Engineers International Union of Operating Engineers Joseph Nolan 141-57 Northern Boulevard 44-40 11th Street Business Agent Flushing, NY 11354 Long Island City, NY 11101 (718) 939-0600 (212) 929-5327

Edwin Christian Thomas Callahan President and Business Manager President and Business Manager

www.siny.org www.ominy.org Steel Institute of New York Ornamental Metal Institute of New York

The Steel and Ornamental Metal institutes of New York are not- • Seminars covering structural systems, economy of steel design, Institute staff are available with information regarding the use for-profit associations created in 1972 to advance the interests of curtain wall systems, design, and use of alloys and surface of structural steel and architectural metals for your project by the structural steel and the architectural, ornamental, and miscel- treatments for miscellaneous iron work, and issues important contacting institute offices at laneous metal construction industries. They serve a geographical to the construction industry addressed to developers, architects, area encompassing New York City and the adjacent counties of engineers, construction managers, detailers, and fabricators 211 East 43rd Street, Suite 804 Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester. Each sponsors programs to New York, NY 10017 aid architects, engineers, construction managers, and develop- • Representation before government bodies and agencies in T 212-697-5553/5554 F 212-818-0976 ers in selecting structural systems and architectural metals for matters of laws, codes, and regulations affecting the industry optimum building performance. Programs in which the institute is and the support of programs that will expand the volume of The institutes are a registered provider of the American institute of engaged include: building construction in the area Architects Continuing education system (AIA/CES).

• Consultations extending to the preparation of preliminary design • Granting of subsidies to architecture and engineering schools William Shuzman and construction cost analyses for alternative structural systems and funding of research programs related to the advancement Executive Director and growth of the industry Gary Higbee AIA • Consultations on design and finishes for bronze, stainless steel, Director of Industry Development and aluminum for architectural and ornamental ironwork, curtain • Publication of Metals in Construction, a magazine dedicated to wall systems, window walls, and metal windows and panels showcasing building projects in the New York area that feature innovative use of steel

52 Metals in Construction Spring 2015 53 PRSRT STD U.S. POSTAGE THE STEEL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK THE ORNAMENTAL METAL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK 211 EAST 43RD STREET, SUITE 804 PAID NEW YORK NY 10017 PERMIT NO. 161 LANCASTER, PA

PUBLISHED BY THE STEEL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK AND THE ORNAMENTAL METAL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK