The World – Unit 13

General Events:

1603-1625 Reign of James I of England 1609 Holland and Flanders given independence from Spain 1610-1643 Louis XIII rules in France (Marie de’Medici rules during his minority) 1618 Thirty Years’ War begins in Germany 1620 English Pilgrims land at Plymouth 1621-1665 Philip IV of Spain rules 1643 5 year old Louis XIV ascends the throne of France under regency of his mother 1648 Peace of Westphalia – end of Thirty Years’ War 1649 Execution of Charles I of England; Cromwell rules 1649-1648 1660 Restoration of monarchy in England under Charles II 1662 a mature Louis XIV moves his court to Versailles 1688-89 William of Orange is invited to invade England and the Declaration of Rights establishes a constitutional government; William and Mary jointly rule England 1715 Louis XIV dies after a 72 year reign; Louis XV ascends the throne

Literature and Philosophy:

1605-1615 Cervantes, Don Quixote 1611 Publication of the Authorized Version of the Bible, commissioned by King James I 1632 Galileo, founder of modern physics, submits his Dialogues…Two Chief World Systems to Pope Urban VIII; is tried and condemned in 1633 1641 Descartes, the father of modern philosophy, publishes Meditations 1667 John Milton, writes Paradise Lost, an epic poem in the tradition of Homer and Virgil

Art:

1600-25 El Greco, Caravaggio, Carracci, Hals, Rubens, Bernini, Van Dyck flourished 1642 Rembrandt, The Night Watch; Bernini official architect of St. Peter’s in Rome 1663 Bernini, piazza and colonnades for Saint Peter’s; baldachino over the altar 1669 Death of Rembrandt; last Self-Portrait; Mansart additions to Versailles, Hall of Mirrors

Architecture: Retention of classical vocabulary of Renaissance but on a grandiose scale; civic planning an private-house construction also prevalent because of rise of middle class 1629 Bernini appointed official architect of Saint Peter’s, Rome 1663 Bernini, piazza and colonnades for Saint Peter’s, Rome 1669 – 1685 Le Vau and Mansart, Garden façade Versailles 1678 Le Brun and Mansart begin Hall of Mirrors,

Music:

Late 16th cent. Birth of opera in Florence; development of monody 1600 Peri, Euridice, Florence

Opera, concerto grosso, oratorio, cantata, and sonata established as musical forms; virtuoso tradition begins 1607 First extant opera by Monteverdi, L’Orfeo 1619 Heinrich Schutz, Innsbruch, Ich muss dich lassen 1652 Jean Baptiste Lully enters the service of Louis XIV 1668 Diedrich Buxtehude becomes organist at Lubeck, Germany 1674 Lully’s Alceste first performed at Versailles 1685 Births of J. S. Bach, G. F. Handel, D. Scarlatti c. 1720 Vivaldi, The Four Seasons (concerto grosso) 1723 Bach appointed cantor at St. Thomas’ Curch, Leipzig 1729 J. S. Bach, St. Matthew Passion c. 1735 Rameau, operas in 1742 G. F. Handel, Messiah first performed