Black Diamonds - History of Bulli District, New South Wales
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University of Wollongong Research Online Illawarra Historical Society Publications Historical & Cultural Collections 2002 Black Diamonds - History of Bulli District, New South Wales William A. Bayley Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/ihspubs Recommended Citation Bayley, William A., (2002), Black Diamonds - History of Bulli District, New South Wales, Illawarra Historical Society, Wollongong, 124p. https://ro.uow.edu.au/ihspubs/5 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Black Diamonds - History of Bulli District, New South Wales Description William A. Bayley, (2002), Black Diamonds - History of Bulli District, New South Wales, Illawarra Historical Society, Wollongong, 124p. Originally published in 1956. Republished in numerous editions up to 2002, with an index added in 1989. Publisher Illawarra Historical Society, Wollongong, 124p This book is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow.edu.au/ihspubs/5 BLACK DIAMONDS HISTORY OF BULL! DISTRICT NEW SOUTH WALES I II L If V L S. t C O 'A L M i > i. i t T. A W A H B A K A S I*. K WILLIAM A. BAYLEY BLACK DIAMONDS History of Bulli District ' New South Wale8 BY . | WILLIAM A. BAYLEY Fellow of the Royal Australian Historical Society Past President of the Illawarra Historical Society Past Principal of the Bulli Public School "In Bulli we have a diamond mine of our own ... Black Diamonds." - "Illawarra Mercury", 28 July 1885 ILLAWARRA HISTORICAL SOCIETY INC. 2002 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS BLACK DIAMONDS DEEP gratitude is due to a large number of people, organisations, and institutions for assistance of all kinds in bringing together the material History of Bulli District contained in this volume. New South Wales The Northern Zone Committee and the Greater Wollongong City Council, the City Clerk, W.H. Mitchell, and the Northern Zone Clerk, R. Sheppard, merit The year 1956 would have marked the golden jubilee of the Bulli Shire a tribute of praise for their work in assisting the compilation. Council had it remained, but after 41 years of service it was combined as part of one of the greatest city councils in Australia - that of the City The Illawarra Historical Society held its first exhibition in April and of Greater Wollongong. from it came considerable assistance. Thanks are extended to the Society members, its council, its secretary, Miss E. Corner, and its curator, The Greater Council, fast approaching the centenary of municipal government W. Mintorn, for help received. in Wollongong, decided to mark the passing of 50 years since the inauguration of shire government in Bulli by the publication of the The proprietors and editors of the Wollongong newspapers, "Illawarra Daily complete history of the Bulli district which comprises its northern zone Mercury" (W.S. Musgrave) and "South Coast Times" (D. Compton) have rendered and is one of the most popular tourist areas in New South Wales. valuable assistance and extended the loan of files and publicity for the project. To compile the record the council commissioned William A. Bayley F.R.A.H.S., Councillor and Life Member of the Illawarra Historical Society, The National, Mitchell and Public Libraries, their librarians and staff author of many books on country centres and himself a resident of Bulli. members, have been untiring in assisting with the supply of material and quick service so essential to a student with so wide a field of research to cover. Especial thanks go to Mitchell Librarian, Miss P. Mander Jones, for The author, with the help of descendents of Bulli*s early pioneers, the national archives and Wollongong newspapers, has brought into the volume a ceaseless effort in assistance to the author. story of a unique district between Mountain and sea. The Public Library of N.S.W. Photocopying Service supply many 35 mm film strips of source material from newspaper files for home projection, study The book traces the growth of a district from a cattle run to a mining and filing by the author. The service is of a high standard. centre, and from a settlement linked by narrow bush tracks and sailing craft to the suburb of the prosperous and growing City of Wollongong. Government instrumentalities have made no small contribution to the work. Included among them are Postmaster General's Department (F.C. Barnes, Public Relations Officer), Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, Commonwealth Electoral Office, Commonwealth Meteorological Bureay (Sydney), Commonwealth News and Information Bureay (Canberra), N.S.W. Government Introduction to Fourth and Fifth Editions Printer, Railways Research and Information Branch, Department of Education and library, Department of Mines, Lands, Agriculture and Main Roads, N.S.W. State Electoral Office, Clerk of Legislative Assembly. This edition of W.A.Bayley's Black Diamonds is published by the Illawarra Historical Society with the kind permission of Mrs Organisations and firms assisting include Australian Railway Historical Phyllis Bayley. Society, National Roads and Motorists' Association, Milson's Photo Service (Sydney), Tyrrell's Pty Ltd. (Sydney), Australian Iron and Steel Ltd (Wollongong), J. Hayes, Manager Bulli Colliery, G. Hindmarsh, Manager Residents of the area and Illawarra historians in general have long called for this popular work to be re-issued, it being the A.I.S. Collieries. only comprehensive history of Illawarra's northern suburbs so far Citizens of the City of Greater Wollongong and elsewhere include J.L.N. compiled. It remains a fitting testimony to the author, who was Southern, J. Matthews, A. Walder, Mrs Ellen Dollahan, Mrs H. Williams, W. both a long time resident of Bulli, and a renowned New South Bewley, C. Maney, H. Gibson, Misses M.C. and A.M. Turnbull, Miss L.R. Fry, Wales local historian. Harold S. Fry, Mrs N. Smith, Mrs V.M. Glass, A.A. Glass, Marsden Williams, Bulli Rotary Club, Rex Jackson M.L.A. for Bulli, H. Railings, James Jervis An index to this almost encyclopedic work has recently been F.R.A.H.S., Dr George Mackaness, O.B.E., T. Munro, Wm Davis, J. compiled by Mrs Vivienne Caldwell and is included for the first Higgins Jnr, H.H. Sneyd, E. Griffiths Snr, A. Chrystal, Mrs E. Barton, time with this edition. It marks the only change from the third George H. Laing, J. Penman, H.T. Schomberg. edition as published by Mr Bayley in 1973. W.A.B. Thanks must go to Lynne Hutton who re-typed the manuscript, and to the Illawarra Historical Society for providing funds for June 1956 publication. Michael Orqan August 1989 and 2002 2 3 CHAPTER 2 SENTINEL STOCKYARD In December 1817 Governor Macquarie reported to the British Government that 1815-1841 the Illawarra had "some little time since been discovered" and was suitable for pasturage and agriculture. In 1822 he went to see the district for DURING the first twenty years of the settlement planted at Sydney Cove in himself. He named the coastal mountain down which Throsby had gone in 1815 1788 the hinterland to the foot of the Blue Mountains was occupied by sheep "Regent Mountain" and the mountain just south-west of Mount Keira, up which subsequently went O'Brien's new road "Mount Brisbane", but the names have and cattle and on the arrival of Governor Macquarie in 1810 he found that there was not sufficient land to supply grants to all who had been promised not been preserved. them. To overcome the land shortage, Macquarie issued instructions that At the precipice overlooking Bulli, Macquarie noted the "very grand the Illawarra area was to be used for further grants. In pursuance of that magnificent bird's eye view" and the "horrid steep descent". That bird's policy the Government gave all the land away without retaining reservations eye view continues to be enjoyed today at the Bulli Lookout at the top of for public purposes and has ever since been buying it back again. Bulli Pass - a world-renowned panorama of emerald plain and azure ocean. The "horrid steep descent" today carries the famous Bulli Pass on the Little has been recorded of south coastal exploration after Bass's Prince's Highway - perhaps the busiest of the main roads climbing from the examination in 1797, but in 1807 bird collectors visited the Five Islands, which term meant the mainland district as well as the islands themselves, coast to the plateau. and crews of ships wrecked at Shoalhaven in 1813 made their way back to civilization along the Illawarra coast. A traveller, Peter Cunningham, wrote of the descent, "you have to crawl ... down the precipitous edge of the mountain drawing your horse gently after you for you dare not attempt to ride ..." Cunningham, too, noted the Meanwhile, overland settlement reached Liverpool on the upper reaches of richness and beauty of the Bulli district; the tall fern, cedar and cabbage George's River in 1810 with the laying out of the township and moved on to trees and the luxuriant growth of vegetation, in which abounded beautiful Campbelltown and Appin from which overland contact was made with the Illawarra seacoast from the west. It appears that some aborigines advised birds including the red-crested black cockatoos and blue pigeons. Dr Charles Throsby at Liverpool that grass and water were in ample supply at the "Five Islands" and in 1815 Dr Throsby with a party of two whites and Between Macquarie's report and his visit Oxley had laid out the earliest two aborigines went to check the information. grants which dated from 1817 in Wollongong, though the first settlements in the Bulli district - the Parish of Wonona - seem to have been in 1821 by After spending the night at Appin they travelled eastwards along the Cornelius O'Brien, R.