8264 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TAXBILLHURTSTHE cent of color tv sets and 75 per cent of hi-tis, H.R. 4369, the Clean Air Act Amendments MIDDLE CLASS according to Business Week. of 1975. We felt it important to introduce It should be apparent that the practice of Democratic liberals in Congress of soaking this legislation at this time because of HON. BILL ARCHER the Middle Class, as well as the rich, is de­ the time schedule that the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the Com­ OF TEXAS stroying the economy along with the fam­ ilies that are the bulkwark of our society. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The $21.3 billion Emergency Tax Reduc­ merce is following on all Clean Air Act Thursday, March 20, 1975 tion bill recently approved by the House amendments. Our package addressed demonstrates that the liberals want to con­ some of the same issues that the admin­ Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, one of the tinue their war against the Middle Class. great successes of our economic system in It reeks of discrimination against middle­ istration's bill did, and ignored others. the United States has been the develop­ income taxpayers and bias favoring those Those provisions of the law that we did ment of a strong and durable middle earning less than $10,000. not seek to amend are ones that we class. If we are to continue to grow eco­ Under the guiding liberal hand of Rep. Al believe can be made to work, if the En­ nomically as a nation and to provide a Ullman, D.-Ore., the House voted to give vironmental Protection Agency exercised good life for our citizens, we need to pre­ about 56 per cent of the individual tax cuts good judgment and good faith in enforc­ and benefits to families earning less than ing those provisions of the law. serve our middle class and expand the $10,000. Taxpayers in the middle-income and number of Americans in this group. Yet, higher income brackets who paid far more I have been impressed with the depth under the influence of those individuals in taxes will get the short end of the stick. and scope of the House hearings, and more interested in redistributing our na­ Thus the blll is a.n outright fraud. It is while there are obviously areas that de­ tional income rather than providing the billed as a tax reduction when in reality it is serve greater studY by other committees, means for sound economic growth lead­ another gigantic tax transfer. Fainilies with such as the data base upon which the ing to an increase in national income, incomes over $10,000 simply wouldn't get EPA has been making decisions, and their greater and greater burdens have been back their fair share of taxes. Taxes that research capabilities in general, the should be given back to them would be Health and the Environment Subcom­ placed on the middle-class American handed over instead to families who paid far taxpayer. The tax bill recently passed by less in taxes. mittee has been doing an excellent job the U.S. House of Representatives is an Under this legislative atrocity a taxpayer of exploring, on the record, the main example of a measure which, in the words who paid $100 in taxes in 1974 would get back areas of conttict. I am also reassured of an editorial in the St. Louis Globe­ his $100. But a taxpayer who paid $1,000 also that the subcommittee is seriously con­ Democrat, March 8-9, 1975, "is inexor­ would get only $100. Most taxpayers with a sidering the legislation that I, and many ably grinding the American Middle Class liability over $1,000 would get only a 10 per of my colleagues, have introduced. cent rebate, up to a maximum refund of only Most of my colleagues have not had into oblivion." If we are going to stimu­ $200. Anyone earning over $30,000 would get late our economy and provide sound eco­ a. mere $100. sufficient time to consider the legislation nomic growth for the future, we need to In specifying about $8.1 billion in tax that Mr. OTTINGER and myself have intro­ devise a taxation policy which will not reductions on 1975 income taxes, the House duced, which is understandable under the penalize our industrious middle class. I also found another segment of the Middle existing time constraints on all of us. would like to enter this editorial in the Class to discriminate against-some 9.5 mil­ I know that many Members were inter­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: lion families who itemize their tax deduc­ ested in this legislation, and I thank tions. These 9.5 million families would be them for their interest and support. LIQUIDATING T H E M I DDLE CLASS virtually excluded from the 1975 tax cuts. However, the subcommittee is approach­ By steadily transferring t he income of House liberals believe that this maneuver families earning between $12,000 and $30,000 will force these middle-income taxpayers to ing the markup stage on all amendments to those who pay little or n o taxes, Con­ switch from itemized tax deductions to the to the Clean Air Act, and it was neces­ gress is inexorably grinding t he American standard deduction. They have bllled this as sary to act without delay. Middle Class into oblivion. a major accomplishment in tax simplication The Clean Air Act Amendments of Figures of the Joint Economic Committee when in reality it is another poorly concealed 1975 have now been introduced three­ of Congress prove this point. They show that way of denying Iniddle-income families tax times, as H.R. 4369, H.R. 4836, and H.R. the biggest cost increases to a.n "intermedi­ deductions to which they are entitled. 5220. Many of the public witnesses have ate" U.S. family last year came from a. 26.5 In addition to being another vicious in­ per cent increase in income taxes and a. 21.6 come redistribution vehicle, the $21.3 billion also testified on this bil!. I would like to per cent hike in Social Security taxes. sham passed by the House wouldn't stimu­ share with my colleagues what two of When the averages of inflation are added late the economy as it is supposed to do. the witnesses said about this legislation. to the fiscal gepredations of the Robin Hood Families earning less t~an $10,000, who would The National Clean Air Coalition Congress, the effect on Middle Americans is get the bulk of the tax breaks, are the least testified on both the administration bill, absolutely devastating. likely to purchase the durable goods that and the Brown-Ottinger bill. On the An average U.S. family of four with a. must be bought to get the wheels of the Brown-Ottinger b11l they said: $13,000 income actually LOST 6 per cent in economy moving. Middle-income families The Brown-Ottinger Bill, unlike the Ad­ purchasing power in 1974 even if its total who do up to 80 per cent of such buying ministration blll, addresses responsibly the income rose a.t the average national rate of 8 would be badly short-changed. public health and welfare problems that re­ per cent. This was because the 12 per cent It is up to the Senate to rewrite the me-as· sult from our increasing use of energy, espe­ inflation rate not only increased the cost of ure so that middle-income families get the cially energy generated from coal. It includes nearly everything it bought but also reduced tax rebates and tax cuts to which they are means for allowing flexibility in meeting the the value of exemptions and deductions on entitled. This is the only way to provide an Act's deadlines, while retaining significant its tax return. . honest tax cut measure. It also happens to and workable measures to encourage the The continual squeezing of middle-income be the only way to give the economy the earliest possible compliance. Americans by a. deficit-spending, social wel­ stimulus that it so urgently needs. With respect to sulfates, the blll proposes fare happy, inflation-promoting Congress is a. device for forcing the rapid development one of the principal reasons why the nation of a National Ambient Air Quality Standard is in a deep recession. for suspended sulfates, while encouraging Under incessant pounding from Congress, CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF emitters to curtail their output of pollutants. families earning from $12,000 to $30,000 no 1975 Under the blll, the EPA Administrator would longer have money t o purchase new cars, have a. specified time period to make a choice major appliances or other durable goods. ot either promulgating a Standard, or ex­ The result has been a 34 per cent drop in plaining that certain gaps in his knowledge purchases of these "big ticket" iteinS and HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. OF CALIFORNYA prevents promulgation of a. Standard a.t that massive layoffs at companies t hat manufac­ time. If he reaches the latter conclusion, he ture them. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would by statute begin the application of a.n Famllies in middle income brackets nor­ Thursday, March 20, 1975 incremental emission charge, beginning a.t mally buy roughly 80 per cent of all cars, 70 5 cents per pound of sulfur oxides emitted per cent of all washing machines, 72 per cent Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. and increasing over a. five year period to 25 of all refrigera.to'rS and freezers, 85 per cent Speaker, it has been less than 2 weeks cents per pound. The gradually rising emis­ of dish washers, 67 per cent of room air since I, and Congressman RICHARD L. sion charge would serve two purposes: first, conditioners, 77 per cent of furniture. 73 per OTTINGER, have asked for cosponsors on it would provide an incentive for polluters to March 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8265 curtail emissions; and second, since the Require EPA to promulgate national tive and wisdom to the discussion, and charge would be rescinded when EPA pro· primary and secondary air quality standards mulgated a National Standard for sulfates, it for suspended particulate matter which re­ I commend it to your attention: would provide industry an incentive to en• flects the latest scientific evidence on the THE ENERGY CRISIS: (CONTINUED NEXT YEAR) courage EPA's efforts to set a Standard. relationship between the size and weight of These days, the only certainty is uncer­ The bill also proposes requiring EPA to re· particulate matter and the degree of health tainty. So quickly does one crisis tread upon examine its National Air Quality Standard hazards. The present standards, based on the heels of another that almost before we for particulates. EPA's present Standard weight, do not take into consideration the have had time to work up a case of worries makes no distinction among different-sJzed more serious health hazards of small particu­ about one, the next Is shouldering its way particles, though it has become accepted in lates; onto center stage. the scientific community that the health Prohibit employers from discrimination, In the short space of four or five months, effects of particulates are associated with firing or otherwise penalJzing employees who for example, this country has gone from those of a certain sJze range. Increasing the initiate law suits under the Clean Air Act, WIN to LOSE-from Whip Inflation Now to use of coal will sharply increase emissions of or who testify or involve themselves in pub­ Let's Opulently Stimulate Employment. particulates of all sizes, and it is important lic hearings or court proceedings; Where once it was a patriotic duty to re­ that EPA's National Air Quality Standards Require EPA to investigate and institute frain from spending, just the opposite is zero in on those which cause health damage. civil penalties against an employer who will­ now true. It was a complete 1'80-degree turn, The bill also contains a significant new fully misrepresents the loss of jobs resulting but we seem to have taken it in stride. measure to provide flexibility in the dead­ from compliance with air pollution stand­ Right now, Congress and the President are lines now in the Clean Air Act, without ards. trying to arrive at some mutually agreeable abandoning the deadlines. The Admlnlstra.­ Where unemployment is · found to be program to lessen America's dependence tion bill, a.s you remember, provides a.s much caused by meeting clean air standards, pro­ upon foreign oil by discouraging Americans a.s 10 years extension of the date for in­ vide extended periods of unemployment from consuming so much oil. But will any­ stalling control equipment. In addition, the benefits and assistance in meeting mortgage one really be surprised if, perhaps this time Administration has proposed to nullify a or rental payments during such unemploy­ next year, cries of alarm are heard about series of court decisions that limit the States ment. In instances where cutbacks have se­ an impending recession in the gasoline bus­ (and EPA's) ability to grant variances to verely impacted the local economy, such a.s iness because of reduced sales and excess polluters who fail to meet the Act's dead• a company town with a single employer, the supply? lines. The Administration bill would give Secretary of Labor should be authoriZed to It could come to pass, at least in the short EPA power to issue "enforcement orders" provide compensation for loss in home values run. There are all kinds of signs. extending beyond any deadline set in the and to pay for moving expenses for work· OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Ex­ Act. ers who are forced to relocate in order to porting Countries, which had everything go­ The Brown-Ottinger bill takes a quite dif­ find new jobs. ing its way in 1974, is beginning to be con­ ferent tack. It starts from the fact that In conclusion, we want to assure the com­ cerned in 1975. Already the 12 member coun­ pollution sources will have had three years to mittee that the public remains your greatest tries have been forced to cut back produc­ comply with the State Implementation Plans ally in continuing the nation's strong effort tion an average of 16 per cent to keep prices when the Act's present deadlines for com­ in reducing air pollution. We urge you to up in the face of lowered world consumption pliance are reached. Many ha. ve complied. extend and strengthen the Clean Air Act and one of them, Abu Dhabi, has announced Those who have failed to comply have reaped for another three years. a slight price reduction. a. windfall at the expense of the others. An my Even if the others manage to hold the line, extension of the time for compliance for Mr. Speaker, I wish to conclude inflation-aggravated in no small part by these polluters, without penalty, would be comments by asking that the Members their own action in sharply raising the price unfair to those who have complied. More­ who have had time to consider, and co­ of oil last year-has eaten into their profits over, it would remove to a future date the sponsor this legislation be listed for the as effectively as an outright price cut. They incentive to comply that comes from the RECORD: are getting more money, but they are paying threat of court action to enforce the dead­ THE COSPONSORS OF THE CLEAN Am ACT more for everything they buy from the oil­ line. AMENDMENTS OF 1975, H.R. 4369, H.R. 4836, consuming countries. For these reasons, the Brown-Ottinger blll H.R. 5220 Where once it was feared that the Arabs proposes a penalty on "excess emissions"­ were about to take over the world with tha.t is, those emissions in excess of the George E. Brown, Jr., Richard L. Ottinger, petrodollars, some economists are venturing emission limitations in the applicable State Yvonne Brathwaite Burke, Bella S. Abzug, Edward I. Koch, Edward W. Pattison, Robert to suggest that the worst of the oil-created Implementation Plan. This penalty would financial crisis is over. be assessed in ratio with the degree of viola­ F'. Drinan, Louis Stokes, Jonathan B. Bing­ Congress and the President may yet pre­ tlctn-the more excess pounds of pollutants ham, Ken Hechler, Benjamin S. Rosenthal, John F. Seiberling. vent natural market forces from coming into emitted, the higher the penalty. Whenever play, however, and spare us the terrible con­ a. source reached complla.nce, it would no Herman Badillo, Dominick V. Daniels, Ron­ ald V. Dellums, Don Edwards, Frederick W. sequences of finding ourselves up to our axles longer be liable for the penalty. Thus the Richmond, James H. Scheuer, Patricia in oil. penalty would provide an important incen­ Schroeder, Stephen J. Solarz, Gladys Noon For its part, the administration actually tive to comply as soon as possible, rather Spellman, Fortney H. (Pete) Stark, Larry _proposes a floor on imported oil prices to than delay and seek additional time when Winn, Jr., Sidney R. Yates. encourage the development of alternate en­ the deadline approaches. Since the polluter ergy sources, none of which at the present would be liable for the penalty on a continu­ stage is competitive with petroleum even at ing basis, enforcement would be straight­ today's infi?.ted prices. forward and no doubt effective. Failure to ENERGY CRISIS STILL UNCLEAR At the same time, to discourage consump­ report accurately one's excess emissions or tion, it proposes a higher tax on a gallon to pay the penalty would be punishable of gasoline, along with a rebate to consumers criminally. · and a "plow-back" provision to encourage These are the major portions of the Brown­ HON. PAUL FINDLEY the oil companies to put more of their profits Ottinger bill relating to the problems of OF ILLINOIS into exploration. sulfates and coal conversion. We believe it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress seems willing to go along with contains a far more responsible, effective and some of this, but fearing the possibility of reasonable approach to these problems that Thursday, March 20, 1975 "windfall" oil company profits, opposes lift­ the Administration's bill. In this short analy­ Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, an edito­ ing price controls on domestic oil and the sis, we cannot address the remainder of the rial in the Jacksonville, Ill., Journal deregulation of natural gas-thus at one bill's provisions, but we feel the whole blll blow both discouraging new exploration and Courier brings a great deal of balance insuring our continuing dependence upon merits the most serious consideration by the and sense to the debate over the energy Committee. foreign supplies. crunch. The long lines and critical short­ In the long run, of course, we will need The League of Women Voters also age of last winter have given way to a those alternate sources of energy as well testified on this bill, and I was especially gasoline surplus this winter. Because of a.s all the oil and gas we can pump out of the ground ourselves. In the long run, appreciative of the following comments the strong influence of governments­ Americans will of necessity practice the "con­ made by the League representative, both ours and those of the OPEC coun­ servation ethic" that is just now a-borning. Betty N. MacDonald: tries-the price of oil has not yet re­ But as Lord Keynes remarked, in the long CoMMENTS BY BET-TY 1\!AcDoNALD sponded to the burgeoning surplus, ahd run we will all be dead. It is in the here and now that the dimensions of the energy The League supports other strengthening there is still some question whether it crisis, and the solutions to it, are suddenly amendments, proposed by Representatives will. not a.s clearly defined as they appeared to be Brown and Ottinger, which would: The Journal-Courier brings perspec- only a few months-or weeks-ago. 8266 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1975 WHISPERING "DETENTE" INTO THE For example, despite the "Spirit of Vladi­ Western powers turned inward and began to WIND MEANS NOTHING TO THE vostok" the Soviets have already begun-in get weaker. The upshot of that was the rise WOLF AT THE DOOR the words of the Secretary of Defense-"a of Hitler and the outbreak of World War very substantial, indeed unprecedented, de­ Two. ployment of large new ICBM's in the first In such a situation I don't think we have quarter of this year." to be belligerent-in fact we should avoid HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. Also--they are now in a position to chal­ that in every possible way-but we should OF CALIFORNIA lenge our attack carrier forces in the Norwe­ not be put in a weaker international posi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gian Sea, the Mediterranean and the Sea of tion where our civility is mistaken for Japan. cowardice. Somehow or other we have let the Thursday, March 20, 1975 They can make a major assault on U.S. and notion be sold that an active foreign policy Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, on allied sea-lanes. implies risks and a passive one doesn't. They can provide more long-range protec­ That's wrong. There are no "risk-free" poli­ March 11, a U.S. Senator addressed those tion for their merchant shipping than they cies either passive or active. So if there are assembled at the VFW congressional din­ could during the Cuban Missile Crisis. going to be risks in either case, we ought to ner here in Washington. He was there They have 27 of the Soviet Union's first take the primary role in shaping those risks to receive the VFW Congressional Medal. line divisions in East Germany, Poland and and not let others do it for us. He spoke to us about the importance Czechoslovakia. In the words of Col. Oliver-"Put your of national defense, the dangers of isola­ They have 16,000 tanks and almost 3,000 trust in God, my boys, and keep your powder tionism, and the "new breed of super­ tactical aircraft at the disposal of Warsaw dry." critics" t;hat would have us believe that Pact nations with about 930,000 men at the Detente, deterrence, defense-are not free ready. floating words. There can be no detente with­ peace will come everlastingly if only the I need not go on for this audience. I just out deterrence, and deterrence is not a sub­ United States would dismantle the De­ simply want to throw out for consideration a stitute for defense. I would add still another partment of Defense. few of these little ice cubes left over from to this parade-determination-because it The Senator did not mince words; he the cold war. is only a.s your enemies, and even more never does. He did not have to draw These are not, by the way, military secrets. importantly, your friends believe that you any pictures. He came prepared with I am not revealing to you something that is have the will and the determination to the facts, and tHe facts were illustra­ being withheld from anyone. These are sim­ utilize your defense forces and resources ple straightforward military facts contained that you will be able to get along in this tion enough. in Department of Defense publications and world. I believe my colleagues should give available to anyone who wants to take the This is what I mean, at least in part, when careful thought to his message, and I time to read them. And believe me, they are I said a few weeks ago that this is one of the present his remarks for their attention. true. most dangerous Congresses in history. If the I am proud to say I know the speaker At the same time the Soviets have built up nation can survive this, it can survive any­ well. He is my father, Senator BARRY their strength in the Far East to 40 divi­ thing. I fear that we have too many who GOLDWATER, of Arizona: sions without robbing their western force ca­ have come to the Congress, for whatever pability; and while they strengthen their reasons, without the basic determination PREPARING FOR PEACE general purpose forces and provide large that America will remain a leader in the free (By Senator BARRY GOLDWATER) amounts of military assistance to other coun­ world. Somehow the price of food stamps George Washington: "To be prepared for tries, we will have a naval fleet this year of or softening the rules so those who don't war is one of the most effective ways of pre­ under 500 vessels-less than we had two work don't have to, is more important to serving the peace." years before Peat;l Harbor. them than that America remain able to keep Here lately I note that the Secretary of Furthermore, we are now beginning to see its own people free, and remain a symbol of Defense, as he presents the defense posture the Soviets engaging in the largest initial freedom to the oppressed around the world. statement to the Congress, has been given deployment of improved strategic capabili­ Let me give you an example of what we to quoting scripture. He made good use of ties since the nuclear arms race began. When are talking about now. At least three differ­ Proverbs last year as he began by saying, you put the improvement in accuracy, the ent administrations of our government "Where there is no vision the people perish." increased "throw-weight" of these missiles promised monetary aid to South Vietnam and And he noted the need for vision in the and the improvement in their sea-based Cambodia. Last year the Congress saw fit to maintenance of our defense establishment. missiles all together, you can only conclude cut that aid in half and now the question This year he quoted from the New Testa­ that Vladivostok notwithstanding, they•ve comes up, will the Congress approve the ment in beginning his presentation by saying, got much more strategic offensive capability amount of money the President has ' re­ "When a strong man armed keepeth his than they have ever had before. quested in order to keep a moral obligation? palace, his goods are in peace." Meanwhile, here in the nation's Capital, The question does not ride on whether or It has been true down through the ages we continue to threaten our defense budget. not this money wm allow those people to and it is true today that peace can be kept Back in 1964-a year I remember with survive, the question rests exactly on what only by the maintenance of a strong mllitar~ some gladness and some sadness--our armed the world is going to think of a nation like and the willingness of the people and their forces combined with defense-employed civil­ the United States that goes back on its officials to use it for the protection of Amer­ ian personnel stood at 3.7 million people. word. Nations are like men, men keep their ica, Americans and our interests. In saying In Fiscal Year 1976 the total civilian and word or they slide down; nations do the this I do not indicate that I believe we get military personnel will be less than 3.1 mil­ same thing. a dollar's worth for every dollar we spend in lion. Adjusted for inflation and the increases And if you are interested in getting in the Pentagon. Now I would have to be 100 in pay we have awarded to maintain our touch with those people who represent you percent naive to believe that there is no military people in our inflating economy, de­ in the Congress of the United States, I think waste and inefficiency in an organization as fense budgets have actually been declining it might be well to try and bring home to big as the Pentagon. And I am on record over the past four years. them that we are not going to maintain a over and over as saying that such "slippages" Now why go through all that? I simply position of strength in this world when we (I think that is the bureaucratic term) have want to show the new breed of supercritics are already talking of giving in to Panama, to be ferreted out and eliminated to the that there are more facts floating around when we are suggesting that we not keep our maximum extent possible. than the few they have captured and keep word made to another country, and when Furthermore the Secretary of Defense fs repeating ad nauseam. . by even discussing the word detente, we are well aware of my impatience and astonish­ When you convert the rubles into our de­ placing the world more and more in a posi­ ment at the procurement procedures that ap­ clining dollars, you come up with some tion where the Soviets will have the final say pear to me sometimes to be pulled out of an rather startling information: and we won't even be asked. As all of us abandoned briefcase left behind by one Rob­ In defense research and development the know, war is not something any of us ert Strange McNamara. I think there is a Soviets spend 20% more than the U.S. advocate but, on the other hand, neither is lot r-f impro'vement urgently needed there. In all purpose forces they spend 20% cowardice. Just let the United States main­ I've tried to be constructive in my criticisms, more. tain its leadership and increase the effect this and I am sure the Secretary knows I will In procurement they spend 25% more. leadership can have on the world for good, continue to be so. In strategic nuclear offensive forces they not for war. But having said that, I think it's high outstrip us by a whopping 60%. One of the most amazing performances Now does that sound to you like a nation time that some people who have drifted into th:at is going to be deterred by our willing­ of the last Congress, which illustrates my Washington on a pink cloud, throwing rose ness to disarm? I think we're going to have point, was the handling of the supplemental petals in every direction and promising de­ to have something more believable than appropriation that became necessary after fense budget cuts that would destroy our that. the Mid-East conflict of October 1973. We militq,ry, take off their dark glasses. They In some ways we may be looking at a sit­ were asked to do everything necessary to in­ need to come back from the world of make­ uation that much resembles the 1930s. At sure the survival of Israel. believe and get over the nutty idea that you that time the Balkans were the Middle East We were asked to pass a $2.2 b1llion sup­ can whisper the word "detente" into the wind tinderbox. With the deterioration of inter· plemental appropriation for that war, and and make the big bad wolf go away Lfrom the national financial institutions and the grow­ we did it. Now that works out, according to door. ing economic problems of many nations, the the length of that war to about $700 Dlillion March .~ ·1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8267 words of one of my favorite generals-Dwight lor, missing since 1966, Navy Lieutenant 0. J. per week. That's what it cost to replace the Pender, Jr., missing since 1972, Army Staff equipment and arms inventory, etc. D. Eisenhower. It was good advice when he said it then, it's good advice today. Sergeant Louis C. Walton, missing since 1971, Now comes south Viet Nam and Cam­ and Air Force Senior Master Sergeant Samuel bodia-a country our nation has given our But having begun this talk with words from the Holy Scripture, I would like to con­ Adams, missing since 1965, and solemn word to, a nation we have committed Whereas, All these men couragerously and more manpower and material, lives and clude that way also. Dwight Eisenhower was a man of deep faith. He wa-s also a good selflessly struggled in an unpopula-r and money to than any other in so-called peace­ lonely war in the belief that it was their time, to see that they remain out from under soldier. He knew the value of proper prep­ the bamboo curtain. A nation that has every aration and adequate defense both as su­ duty as American citizens; and preme Allied Commander in Europe and as Whereas, It is now our duty to not only reason to believe what we say. And the world these men but to their families who suf­ is watching. And South Viet Nam asks that President of the United States. I am sure he often resorted to these words, which I think fered immeasm·able hardship to expend all we keep our promise. our energies and resources to discover their I know this is an audience that by and a-re appropriate for us as a nation today­ words which challenge us on a material as whereabouts; and large I don't have to convince. And I didn't Whereas, Their sacrifice should never be come here to just make you a flag-waving well as a spiritual level. "The horse is prepared against the day of forgotten as it seemingly has been by a speech. I came because I know that you, and majority of Amercians especially the Con­ thousands more like you, are spread across battle, But victory is of the Lord." gress of the United States· now therefore, this great land in every state and county and be it ' township. Many of you come from the dis­ Thank you-for your devotion to your coun­ try, and your attention ·to her needs. Resolved, That the Congress of the United tricts and states where the isolationist dream­ States is memorialized to maintain a vigorous ers come from. I'm just asking you to com­ search for all Americans who are missing in municate With them. You know how. I know action in southeast Asia; and be it further you know how to write, I can't keep up With CONTINUING OUR SEARCH FOR OUR MIA's Resolved, That the Rhode Island delega­ the mall in my office. But don't write me-­ tion in Congress be at the forefront of this write them. Let them know you know some­ search; and be it further thing about how this country ought to be Resolved, That the Secretary of State be run-and particularly how we ought to con­ HON. FERNAND J. STGERMAIN and he hereby is authorized and directed duct ourselves internationally. OF RHODE ISLAND to transmit a duly certified copy of this We are already seeing the unusual pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES resolution to the Rhode Island delegation cedure develop in recent years to soften the in Congress. American people to foreign policy decisions Thursday, March 20, 1975 they basically resist. Members of Congress have gone to Peking, to Havana and have Mr. STGERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, after made speeches extolling these two centers of the recent fact:finding journey to South­ GOVERNORS URGE STRONG NA­ communism. We are now in the process of east Asia Which was undertaken by a dis­ TIONAL GUARD having this technique used again on us and tinguished group of our colleagues in the I don't Intend to sit idly by and watch our long, close friends, the Chinese on Taiwan, House and Senate, several eye-opening Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY turned away nor the destructive regime of bits of information were gleaned. Among OF MISSISSIPPI Castro recognized. the most disturbing of these concerned IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It never ceases to surprise me at how the fact that the North Vietnamese are in naive some Americans can be. Here we have possession of a list identifying the loca­ Thursday, March 20, 1975 • the isolationists discounting the military tion of many American soldiers consid­ Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, in prowess of the Soviet Union because it has ered missing in action, some for 10 years a relatively poor and struggling economy. their recent meeting in Washington, the They fall-or refuse-to recognize the fact or longer. However, the North Vietna­ Nation's Governors reinforced my own that SOviet military expansion in the past mese have refused to 1·elease this list un­ strong belief that our Nation must have decade has been extraordinary and that it less the United States totally withdraws a strong National Guard program. Like shows no sign of letting up. A poor economy support from South Vietnam. I, they took exception with recent De­ can sustain a high level of military expan­ The seriousness of this threat cannot partment of Defense proposals to reduce sion if the leaders want it. be ignored. Power plays of this sort al­ the strength levels of the Army National And here we are talking about "detente" ways seem to take precedence over the and working for disarmament-just as Guard and the Air National Guard. though the U.S.S.R. was standing stm. torment which each of our MIA's has I would like to share with my col­ Rlght today, I have to say that the peace endured, to say nothing of the daily leagues the following resolution passed of the world is being endangered and its be­ suffering of each of their families. We by the National Governors' Conference ing endangered by our refusal to face real­ must certainly be wary of nations who and urge my fellow members to rededi­ ity. Wishful thinking will not solve Israel's will attempt to dictate policy, as in this cate their own efforts on behalf of a problem in the Middle East or Viet Nam's instance and in last year's oil embargo by strong National Guard program: problems in Indo-China. Nor will it help the the Arab countries. But we also must not RESOLUTION ON NATIONAL GUARD situation in the Indian Ocean-the impor­ tance of which has been lost entirely on our forget the MIA's and their families. The Army and Air National Guard of the new breed of isolationist. Therefore, while we continue in our ac­ several States is a force of 500,000 trained What is more, the Congress is going to have tions to extricate ourselves from this and disciplined men and women, organized to wake up to that situation. Last year the relentless war, I believe that we should in over 4,000 units from 2,600 communities. Senate and House failed miserably to under­ redouble efforts to locate these men rely­ The Governors of the several States rely on stand the meaning of Russia's extension of ing on our own resources, rather than this force to provide succor and support to its naval strength into the Indian Ocean. reacting to North Vietnamese scare tac­ their citizens during times of disaster and Funds to permit the U.S. to establish a base strife. Moreover, the National Guard is the on the Island of Diego Garcia were cut so tics. least costly of our armed forces, providing drastically that the Soviets will have no In fw-ther reference to the need for 16 percent of the nation's organized military trouble holding their base in the Indian continuing vigilance in ow· search for our forces for only 2.6 percent of the total mili­ OCean without challenge. MIA's, I am enclosing a Senate resolu­ tary budget. This of course, means they'll be in a posi­ tion passed in the General Assembly of The Department of Defense has proposed tion to control everything that moves to our the State of Rhode Island on the 26th to the Congress that it authorize the reduc­ allies in the Pacific, including the oil needed 1975, tion of the Army National Guard from 400,- to run their transportation systems and their day of February, "Memorializing 000 to 379,848, and the Air National Guard economies. All they would have to do would Congress To Maintain a Vigorous Search from 95,000 to 89,128. It also has proposed be to block the "Straits of Malacca" and na­ for all Americans Who Are Missi:r.tg in Ac­ to the Congress that it authorize a reduction tions like Japan, Australia and New Zealand tion in Southeast Asia": in the number of Air Guard flying units would be at their mercy. MEMORIALIZING CONGRESS To MAINTAIN A from 91 to 86. I'm sure all of you know what kind of VIGOROUS SEARCH FOR ALL AMERICANS WHO The National Governors' Conference danger this involves. You fought to make ARE MISSING IN ACTION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA strongly opposes any reductions 1n manning America free, now it's a responsibility of yours to write and fight to keep it acting Whereas, It has been one year since the or force structure of the Army National like a leader of the free world. American military withdrawal from south­ Guard and Air National Guard, and urges "There can be no assured peace and tran­ east Asia and there remains an estimated instead that additional Federal support be quillity for any one nation except as it is 1300 men whose fate is still unknown; and provided to the National Guard in the form achieved for all. So long as want, frustration, Whereas, Among those unaccounted for are of equipment modernization and member­ and a sense of injustice prevail among sig­ the following Rhode Island men: Air Force ship incentives to enh-ance the Guard's abil­ nificant sections of the earth no other sec­ Colonel CurtiS Eaton, missing since 1966, ity to perform its dual State-Federal mission. tion can be wholly released from fear." Army Captain Kenneth Goff, Jr., missing (Enacted February 1976 by the National Those are not my words. Those are the since 1967, Air Force Captain Frederick Mel- Governors' Conference in Washington, D.C.) 8268 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1975 :ARCHITECTURAL AND TRANSPOR­ handicapped adult because he or she is a perior to them. By making ourselves superior TATION BARRIERS FACING THE visible representation of our own vulnera­ to them, we can forget (for a moment) our ELDERLY AND PHYSICALLY HAND­ bility. I call it, the there-but-for-the-grace­ fear that, at any second, we too might "be ICAPPED of-God syndrome. We don't like to be Jolt­ there." ingly reminded that a single mistake behind Until we, the able-bodied walking, con­ the wheel, a. misstep on an icy sidewalk, a front our fear of being "one of them," we HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN careless second at the top of a flight of stairs wlll continue to act as the Spartans anct the could put us in that chair. The chllling OF MAINE Eskimaux acted in the past. We will deny, we reality of just how fragile the human body wlll reject. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is, is something that we simply would rather Thursday, March 20, 1975 not face. So, like turning one's back to the northwest Wind in winter, we turn our backs JET LAB BRINGS SPACE SCIENCE Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, one of the on the adult handicapped, casting curious DOWN TO EARTH most serious and least understood prob­ and fearful glances over our shoulders. Re­ lems facing elderly and handicapped member what Satchel Page said: "Never look citizens is the large number of architec­ back; they might be gainin' on ya." HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE We're not callous; we're not mean. We tural and transportation baiTiers that give to charitable organizations; we have a OF TEXAS thoughtlessly stand in their way. Con­ National Employ the Handicapped Week; we IN THE-HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gressman BuRKE and I have reintro­ watch the public service announcements on Thursday, March 20, 1975 duced legislation along with 73 of our television which show all of the marvelous colleagues which provides tax incentives things that disabled workers can do. Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, in an to encourage owners of buildings and Yet, when we see a person in a wheelchair, article by Mr. Marvin Miles in the Los transportation facilities to remove exist­ we subconsciously think that that person Angeles Times of Monday, March 17, the ing barriers from the paths of the ap­ is on "an outing" from a bospital, a nursing practical application of space program home, a state institution. In a way, we hope proximately 44 million aged and dis­ that he or she is; we hope that we won't technology is well described. In waste abled in our country. have to see that person again in "our world," disposal, energy, and other essential It is vital for us to realize that support the world of physical fitness, jogging, "strong areas of our dally lives our national space for the removal of the Nation's architec­ bodies make strong minds." The wheelchair­ program is continuing to make essential tural and transportation barriers is not confined person becomes the Grim Reaper, technology contributions. The article limited to the Halls of Congress, but unexpectedly appearing behind us, and we which follows amply illustrates this comes from the general public as well. recoil With a slight shudder. point: Our society has provided us With a defense In a nationwide survey, two-thirds of mechanism-the Poster Chlld. So we think, JET LAB BRINGING SPACE SCIENCES DOWN TO those polled felt that something should "Oh, poor thing-has probably been that way EARTH be done to overcome these baiTiers. from birth. I feel so sorry for him." We don't (By Marvin Miles) Ms. Pat Curran, volunteer secretary of want to realize that the majority of Ameri­ Horse manure from a nearby riding acad­ the Committee for Barrier-free Design cans who are in wheelchairs are there be­ emy put Jet Propulsion Laboratory engineers of the Maine Rehabilitation Association, cause of accidents or disease--which could on the track of a new cost-saving technique published an article in the Bangor Daily strike any one of us at any second. We can't for processing sewage that could solve critical News which underlines this strong public think about the one misstep which might be national problems of waste disposal. support. our last step. The promising development is one o! the • I understand why charitable organizations major projects ln the Pasadena Jet Lab's Ms. Curran raises the question of our use kids in their fund-raising campaigns. busy Civil Service Program Office, which is own vulnerability, not only to the physi­ Nothing is more heart-rending than a win­ responding to a wide range of American prob­ cal, but the social handicaps faced by some little tyke, trying so hard to overcome lems with a goal of producing significant the aged and disabled. I commend this her weak legs, his wildly waving arms. Noth­ answers. editorial to the attention of my ing brings in money like an adorable little Long accustomed to dealing with complex colleagues: face, With big, bright eyes, and a "brava" at­ tasks in rocket propulsion, guided missiles, tempt to smile. space flight and unmanned exploration of Do WE WANT THEM AMONG Us? Would the same amount of money be forth­ the moon and the planets, JPL has increas­ (By Pat curran) coming if a. 29 year-old man looked stt·aight ingly turned its wealth of scientific and en­ We correctly view the ancient Spartans as Into the camera and said, "I was coming out gineering talent to the civll sector. a strong, vigorous society. They were so be­ of City Hall, after paying my taxes. I slipped Today more than 150 experts are engaged cause anyone in Sparta who, for reason of on an icy patch on the sidewalk, and the next in dozens of active tasks which address press­ heredity, disease, or accident, could not live thing I knew, I was ln the hospital. I've got Ing civll problems, not only for the National "the Spartan life" was sent or taken into a wife and three kids to support; I need Aeronautics and Space Administration which the mountains and left to die. Untll rela­ more therapy, and I can't afford it. Will you directs JPL, but tor other government agen­ tively recently the Eskima.ux would place the help . . . organization to see me through?" cies and nongovernmental sources as well. infirm on icebergs and float them out to sea. I don't think that such a fund-raising drive Headed by Dan Schneiderman, who man­ Whlle we, of course, neither condone nor would work. The viewers could come up with aged the Mariner 9 spacecraft mission to map practice such barbaric customs, we subcon­ kinds of rationalizations: "He should have the planet Mars, the Jet Lab's civil systems sciously exclude the "less able" from full watched where he was walking. So ••• where's etrort is divided into four offices covering five participation in the "American way of life." his insurance? What's he need therapy for areas--energy and environment, transporta­ I began thinking about this problem dur­ anyway; he'll never get better. There but tion, public sa.fety and biomedical systems. ing the course of preparing several state­ for the grace of .. .'' The fact that the program has grown at ments to present at public hearings on bllls We also have another rationalization: the same time space projects have slowed is dealing with improving the lives of the "Well, we never see them." Of course we never coincidental, Schneiderman said, although handicapped. "Why," I thought, "is it even see them. We construct buildings for the the work undoubtedly has helped keep the necessary for me, an able-bodied walking able-bodied walking only. Our so-called "pub­ laboratory's skilled technical staff Intact. person, to have to explain to other able­ lic ways" are walled With curbs which make "Actually," he pointed out, "this effort bodied walking people why handicapped it almost impossible for a person in a wheel­ started when JPL gave up working on secret citizens would like to get into so-called chair to cross from one sidewalk to another. projects during the Vietnam war and turned public buildings, eat in restaurants, partic­ Public toilets have stalls so narrow that to solving problems in the civil area. ipate in recreation, go shopping?" either one cannot get a wheelchair Into "It has since grown, with NASA's backing, "Why do I have to listen to resistance them or one cannot turn the wheelchair to speed up what we call technology transfer, masked as Good Samaritanism, as when a within th~ stall in order to transfer from the the application of space technology to sig­ legislator said to me, 'Well, we can always chair to the facility. nificant urban and industrial problems." find a couple of strong fellas to carry a per­ We have more respect for the delivery o1 Schneiderman emphasized that the labora­ son?' Why do I have to repress rage every merchandise or for the removal of garbage tory's role is the solving of such problems time a city manager says, 'But they're such from our bulldings than we do for our handi­ rather than the production of systems. He a minority and we never see them'?" capped citizens. People in wheelchairs must gave as an example the sewage processing I want to shout back, "Of course we never use alley-way, rear-door entrances to get Into development, which could revolutionize waste see them, because we don't want to see restaurants. They must wheel through the disposal at substantial savings to taxpayers. kitchen ln order to arrive at the dining room. This program, he said, started when Mar­ them!" In public auditoria, they must come In shall Humphrey, a chemical engineer in JPL's I hope that the readers will repress their through the entrance used by the elephants propulsion division, was testing materials in urges to say, "Oh, fiddlesticks!" or some such at circus time. search of a lightweight rocket motor thing, and allow me to explain. I also hope By forcing them to put themselves in Insulator. that they will sort through their own feel­ totally undignified situations, we rob them "He built a pyrolysis (heating) unit for ings regarding the handicapped. of their dignity. We can then pity them, and manufacturing activated carbon that could I believe that we resent the physically by pitying them, we can make ourselves su- be used in the throats of rocket motors," March 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8269 Schneiderman said. "Carbon comes from ••current solar cell arrays are much too IMPROPER BENEFYCIARmS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE organic materials so manure was tried and costly, ranging up to $50 per watt," Schneid• Prohibit strikers from l'eceiving the result was great. erman said. "We hope that the crystal silicon AFDC; "Then the question was asked: If we can cells will eventually be produced like Rey­ Require assumption of fiscal responsi­ make activated charcoal out of manure, may­ nolds Wrap." bility for all aliens by Federal Govern­ be we can do the same with sewage; in other In the energy field the laboratory also Js words, can we use the sewage to clean itself." analyzing coal minlng technology, unmanned ment; JPL engineers found the idea worked and undersea oil and mineral exploration, and Define "child" as one below the age of then produced a 10,000-gallon-a-day mobile oil exploration by special processing of satel­ 18; and test unit that converts solid sewage to carbon lite films. Provide 75 percent Federal matching which, in turn, helps purify incoming waste Additionally, JPL is supporting a NASA ef­ for local law enforcement fraud control water. fort to develop a comprehensive program for costs. In operation during the last year for the the definition. integration and commitment RESOURCE UTILIZATION Orange County Sanitation District at Foun­ of geothermal (earth heat) resources for the Require lump-sum benefits to be used tain Valley, the test unit virtually eliminates effective development of power. solids in raw sewage, removes heavy minerals, In the area of public safety the laboratory to meet recipients' needs; eliminates odors and delivers cleaner water is studying development of a national law Allow adjustment of any overpayments to the ocean, Schneiderman said. enforcement telecommunications network to from the grant; "The only disposs.bles from the system," meet the exploding need for fast information Preclude federally funded attorneys he added, "are dry, black, odorless cakes of exchange throughout the 50 states. from requesting attorney's fees in litiga­ carbon and ash that are eventually extracted The criminal justice system is under stead­ tion against public entities; in the process." ily increasing pressure to reduce response Eliminate the current 10-percent lim­ Most municipal sewage treatment plants time in fighting crime, Schneiderman said. provide only primary treatment, the engineer One such supporting development is the itation upon vendor payments; and said, and as a result 40% of the waste mate­ emergency communications and control sys­ Define available income to include any rial in raw sewage is dumped into rivers and tem (ECCS) being developed for the Los for which the individual has only to file a offshore waters, creating mounting problems. Angeles Pollee Department to relieve the over­ claim and shared housing and utilities. "Tens of billions of dollars," he said, "must crowded radio spectrum with print-out FAMILY RESPONSmiLITY be spent to upgrade existing facilities to messages to patrol cars. comply with the Environmental Protection Another support system for the pollee Restrict definition of continued ab­ Agency's new standards. Our system is ex­ would provide automatic location of patrol sence, to include only desertion, divorce, pected to exceed stringent new EPA standards cars when officers are on foot in pursuit of legal separation, institutionalization, and to be enforced in 1977." offenders. incarceration, all in excess of 30 days; Schneiderman told of plans to install a 1- Also in the area of criminology, JPL sci­ Require military personnel to make mlllion-gallon-a-day permanent installation entists have developed a digital image proc­ and forward allotments of their pay for at Fountain Valley, a pilot plant funded 75% essing technique for computer restoration of smeared or distorted fingerprints and a the support of their families; by a $2.6 million grant from the EPA. So far, Require support by non-needy person :the plan has been stymied by a holdup of method of monitoring all police vehicles in a the federal funds in Sacramento. given district. living with welfare family in amount it "I don't know why the EPA funds have But while civil projects draw on all of JPL's would cost him to support himself; been stalled in Sacramento." Schneiderman technical divisions for needed skllls, the Cal­ Require cross-check with State and sa;id, "But I do know it will take a pilot plant tech laboratory still functions as a NASA Federal income tax agencies to deter­ such as that planned by Orange County to facility and its role in the exploration of mine if non-needy person living with wel­ really demonstrate the system and prove we space remains its primary responsibility. fare family has claimed any of such fam­ have a breakthrough that could help the en­ ily as dependents; tire nation.,. In the field of energy the laboratory 1s Require States to establish criminal working in three major problem areas: MEANINGFUL WELFARE REFORM sanctions for willful and knowing misuse To increase the supply of energy by utiliz­ of grant for PWlJOSe other than support ing essentially inexhaustible sources such as of needy children and caretaker; and the sun. HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK Preclude judges' waiver of arrearages To improve the energy yield from fossil­ OF OHZO in absent parent support. fuel resources in an environmentally accept­ WORK REQUIREMENTS able manner. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES To reduce energy demand by enhancing Thursday, March 20, 1975 Make it clear that States may require the efficiency of intensive use areas, particu­ a community work experience program larly the automobile. Mr. ~HBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the as a condition of eligibility; and A major program in this area is JPL's low­ staggermg cost of welfare is a selious standardize sanctions against able­ pollution engine project to generate hydrogen national problem. It has strained the bodied, employable recipients who vol­ for mixture with gasoline and air to provide pocketbook of the taxpayer and drained untarily leave or refuse to look for or engine operation at ultra-lean fuel settings. the public treasury at every level of gov­ accept employment. Tests to date have shown a mileage im­ ernment. provement of 25%, with a significant reduc­ A major part of the cost results from ADMINISTRATIVE SIMPLIFICATION tion in nitric oxide emissions, although re­ aid to families with dependent chlldren­ Simplify a.nd decentralize the fair duced burning temperatures have increased hearing process; and hydrocarbons to a degree-a problem that is AFDC. In the last 20 years Federal AF'DC currently occupying JPL researchers. expenditures have grown from $545 mil­ Eliminate the statewideness require­ In collaboration with Caltech's environ­ lion to over $4 billion. ment for social services. mental quality laboratory, the Jet Lab has I believe it is time that we closed the If enacted this legislation would halt just completed a $500,000 evaluation of the loopholes and ended the abuses in the the practice whereby persons with high kinds of power plants that will be acceptable AFDC program that are causing so much incomes receive welfare payments. It for cars and light trucks in the 1980s. of these vast expenditures. Therefore, I would eliminate from eligibility those Funded by a public interest grant from the who should not benefit from tax-sup­ Ford Motor Co., this independent study con­ have introduced legislation entitled the siders all aspects of internal combustion en­ National Welfare Reform Act of 1975. ported assistance. It also would limit gine design, materials, manufacturing re­ Provisions of the bill include the fol­ opportunities for welfare fraud. quirements, etc., against the key considera­ Since the parent who defaults on his lowing: family support responsibilities is at the tions of fuel consumption and air quality. AFDC RECIPmNTS WITH INCOME The report, which is expected to trigger root of much of the welfare problem, my great interest--and probably controversy­ Limit gross income eligibility to 150 bill would strengthen child support re­ within the automobile industry, will be re­ percent of the needs standard; quirements. In addition, it would leased some time next month. Deduct work-related expenses before strengthen work requirements and give Another major project at the laboratory, earnings exemptions; an investigation for the Energy Research and the States :flexibility in designing effec­ Development Administration, seeks methods Require eligibility to be redetermined tive programs to assist welfare recipients of producing low-cost, high-volume solar cells without benefit of earnings exemptions in the return to self-sUfficiency. for the production of primary electrical power for any individual who has earned in­ These reforms are desperately needed. from the sun's rays. come in 4 or more consecutive months Passage of the National Welfare Reform This program seeks to reduce the cost of Act of 1975 would not only provide some solar cells to the point where generating and for any applicant or reapplicant; arrays competing with conventional or nu­ and relief for the taxpayer but also allow clear power stations can be made available Provide for a standard work-related more money to be given to those who for 50 cents per watt generated. expense option. are truly in need. 8270 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ma1"ch .~1, 1975 SURFACE MINING CONTROL OF Federal spending and easy Federal mon­ by his Temple Beth Ami with a testi­ RECLAMATION ACT OF 1975 etary policy. monial dinner. Less obvious but just as devastating a The State of Israel will also honor factor is the myriad of regulations im­ him with the Ben Gurion Award, which HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. posed on the private sector by Govern­ for the first time will be given in Cali­ OF CALIFORNIA ment. Someone must pay for the man­ fornia. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hours spent in processing forms, making My words of praise to Rabbi Kraus Tuesday, March 18, 1975 product changes, making alterations or seem to pale by comparison to his life­ additions to the plant, and informing the time of achievements and dedication. !vir. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, it consumer. These costs are a "hidden Few could have survived his ordeals. Yet, was with a great deal of regret that I tax." And, the costs are passed right on he not only survived, but also lived to voted against H.R. 25, the Surface Min­ to the consumer. You and I pay and pay triumph over his difficulties. His life, ing Control and Reclamation Act of and pay. which I pray will continue for many 1975. I fully agree with the objectives of This bill establishes regulations, pro­ years, serves as the highest example for the bill. Coal mining, and especially coal cedures, and liability bonding practices all of us. To know this man as I do surface mining, is a difficult, dirty, tough that are time consuming and expensive. is a personal honor for me. business. Some of the mining techniques Some of them clearly confer benefits that Such a man as Rabbi Kraus is rare. developed over the years have been ex­ outweigh the increased price tag. But, He has achieved the highest honors in pedient and cost efficient. But, they also too many provisions in this bill are his studies, vocation, and service to God. have been environmentally injurious and counter-productive and self-defeating. He is loved by all who know him, and destructive. For far too long, America Their cost-both in dollars and lost re­ all who know him are in turn loved by has let expediency and efficiency be the sources-outweigh any intended benefit. him. only considerations. We have let only This legislation does these things in As a Representative of this 94th Con­ these considerations dictate waste dis­ a time of growing unemployment, sag­ gress, I salute Rabbi Kraus. posal and esthetic treatment of the ging industrial production, falling con­ land. We have been poor stewards of sumer activity and rising inflation. H.R. God's creation to the extent that our 25 could have been a good bill. It could search for coal has caused us in some have begun a reasonable restoration of BENEVOLENT RULE UNDER areas to tear open the Earth, wrench out our environment in strip mining areas. SIHANOUK? the mineral treasure and leave festering, And, it could have done it in a manner poisonous sores and scars behind. compatible with today's energy and eco­ nomic realities. I wanted to be a partner HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI But, we cannot correct 150 years of OF ILLYNOIS abuse and thoughtlessness in 1 year or in such an undertaking, but this legisla­ in one measure. This Nation lives on coal tion is too extravagant. It is dangerously IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and coal derivative products. Our qual­ punitive and prohibitive. It will make the Thursday, March 20, 1975 goal of energy self-sufficiency an impos­ ity of life is dependent on a continuing Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as the abundance and efficient use of coal. A sible dream and it will make you and I Congress will soon be taking up the Cam­ majority of our industrial and residen­ pay dearly for the privilege. bodian aid issue, I would like to bring to tial activities are totally dependent on the attention of the Members an edi­ coal. This legislation is so burdensome, torial by Rowland Evans and Robert costly, and restrictive as to seriously A TRIBUTE TO RABBI HENRY E. Novak, which appeared in the Saturday, threaten our industrial might, our qual­ KRAUS March 15, Chicago Sun-Times. ity of life, and our economy. This article, which explores the situa­ The bill will close down some opera­ HON. JIM LLOYD tion in Cambodia under the absentee rule tions without regard for whether they of Prince Sihanouk, is very penetrating are behaving responsibly or not. It will OF CALIFORNIA and timely a-s the debate in the House prevent the development of many avail­ I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Senate continue of this issue; there­ able, accessible surface deposits that Thursday, March 20, 1975 fore, I insert it at this time: could provide us with cheap energy. This Mr. LLOYD of California. Mr. Speaker, BENEVOLENT RULE UNDER SIHANOUK? legislation will cause increases in the I am privileged and honored to have as (By Rowland Evans and Robert Novak) electric bills you and I pay. The con­ a constituent and friend Dr. Henry E. WASHINGTON.-The foggy notion in Con­ sumer-taxpayers cannot afford any more Kraus, who is the rabbi of Temple Beth gress that ending aid to Cambodia will halt increases in their electric bills, just as Ami in West Covina. Calif. It gives me bloodshed under a coa.lition government they cannot afford the increased retail pleasure to deliver in this House of Rep­ benevolently guided by Prince Norodom prices of goods and services produced resentatives words of tribute and praise Sihanouk conflicts with two harsh realities. from coal derived energy or coal deriva­ First, Sihanouk, exiled 1n Peking, has no to Rabbi Kraus. real influence over Communist forces in cam.. tive products. He is indeed a remarkable man. Thirty bodia, which are largely controlled by the The Congress is playing a shell game years ago he was liberated from the North Vietnamese politburo. with Americans. We offer the beleaguered Nazi holocaust in Germany by Gen. Second, neither Cambodian insurgent lead­ taxpayer some relief 1 week in a tax re­ George Patton's 3d Army. ers nor their mentors in Ha.no1 have the bate bill and then turn around the next Eighteen years ago he escaped from the slightest intention of collaborating with the week and take it away through the peril of communism during the Hun­ defeated politicians of Phnom Penh. Rather, higher costs of goods and services this they talk of avoiding the mistake of Salva­ garian Revolution. He came to the United dor Allende, the late Marxist president of bill will bring about. And, we are doing States of America from Hungary after Chile; not quickly liquidating the bourgeoiS it in such a way as to discredit and erode Congress, upon the request of President politicians who later ousted him. legitimate environmental interest and Eisenhower. passed a resolution of spe-. Thus, by stopping fuel and ammunition concern. cial permission for Hungarian refugees for besieged Phnom Penh, Congress speeds H.R. 25 does not just confine its nega­ to enter our country. the Communist victory and probably guaran.. tive, harmful effects to direct costs in tees nationwide re-enactments of executions, Dr. Kraus, who holds a Ph. D. from imprisonments and repression common ev­ the marketplace. It also creates another the University of Budapest, also holds erywhere in Cambodia under Communist gigantic, all-powerful, inefficient Federal control. Even with continued U.S. aid, the bw·eaucracy, and it places expensive reg­ the highest rabbinical degrees from the Jewish Theological Seminary of Buda­ miserably led Cambodian army seems ulatory burdens on the States. The doomed. But that can be traced to years of American free enterprise system cannot pest. He was ordained as a rabbi 35 years Congress• denying adequate aid and advisers. support much more costly, arbitrary, and ago. To cleanse their hands of blood, members capricious bureaucratic oversight and On April 6, 1975, this humble man who of Congress show lngenutty-partlcularly interference. In1lat1on in the market­ has devoted his life to God and the Sen. Henry M. Jackson (D-Wash.), the for.. place is not just a function of deficit cause of human dignity, will be honored mer hawk turned Indochina dove. Jackson Js Ma1"ch 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 827l urging Senate Majority Leader :Mike Mans• ther and make it clear that Congress Mr. Speaker, it 1s obvious that the fteld (D-Mont.) to fty to Peking to urge his is firmly committed to fair, nonpartisan, people of South Vietnam do not want to old friend Slhanouk to seek a. coalition gov• and eifective competitive service ap­ live under Communist rule. It 1s also ob· ernment that would avert a Ca-mbodian pointments. vious that many Americans-and I am bloodbath. The Jackson view of ca.mbodia thinking in particular of our own mili­ sees the insurgents suspicious of Hanoi, The workings of this ban are fairly friendly to Peking and respectful of Siha· simple. Appointments, assignments, and tary men who fought to keep South Viet­ nouk. so forth, of competitive service personnel nam free-also do not want to see a Jackson must not have listened to the will, as by present law, be made without Communist takeover. prince lately. Ever since being deposed by reference to any recommendations by Last year, Congress cut administration Gen. Lon Nol on March 8, 1970, Sihanouk elected or political officials. Any state­ proposals for aid to South Vietnam al­ has talked of revenge through Communist ments on behalf of a candidate must be most in half. This year, the President military victory in Cambodia and then fad­ has made a request for a supplementary ing away to France. "If I go on as chief of returned to their source, marked as state after victory," he told the Swiss Trib­ violations. Neither the candidate nor aid a-llocation which Congress is pres­ une de Geneve in December, 1971, "I run the congressional or other political officials ently considering. Given the situation in risk of being pushed out the window by the may request or furnish a recommenda­ South Vietnam as it exists at this very Communists, like (Jan) Masaryk, or I might tion. Statements concerning work per­ moment, I think it absolutely essential be imprisoned for revisionism or deviation­ formance, character, or residence may for Congress to face the issue squarely alism." He since has sounded that theme in be requested and supplied through the and reach a final decision that is both interview after interview. practical and humane-if such a combi­ Nor 1s Peking calling the Cambodian tune. competitive service hiring authorities, Although mllltary supplies for the insur· however, so that endorsements based on nation is in fact possible. gents come from China, 2,000 military ad­ specific exPerience with an employee or I hope that this House will act visers in the field are North Vietnamese {as associate would, rightly, be permitted. promptly on this matter of great urgency are some 8,000 logistical troops). Rather than cutting down the peroga­ and provide the South Vietnamese with And Hanoi is notoriously allergic to nego­ tives of Congress, I feel this legislation the military resources that can enable tiating when its troops are on top. The clan­ will provide Members with a meaningful them to survive in their hour of darkest destine radio of Cambodia's insurgents, lo­ need. cated near Hanoi and run by Vietnamese, on guideline concerning recommendations. March a indicated President Lon Noland siX In addition, it will provide a necessary other Cambodian leaders: "Our cambodian legal footing for continuing efforts on people ••• cannot forgive these traitors. We the part of competitive service officials SHOPWELL FOOD DISCOUNT must eliminate them!' Any doubt about to restore and retain the merit system PROGRAM AIDS ELDERLY what "eliminate" meant was ended March 6 in its most efticient form. when Sihanouk told Reuters that six of the seven (excluding former Prime Minister Son HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Ngoc Thanh, now in Saigon) would "prob• OF NEW YOJUC ably be executed." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In short, when anti-aid congressmen ar­ MILITARY AID TO SOUTH gue to end aid rather than "prolong Cambo­ VIETNAM Thursday, March 20, 1975 dia's agony,'' they are urging the United Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I believe States to hasten a brutal campaign against that many of our colleagues in the House one of the world's oldest, most sophisticated HON. JOHN J. RHODES cultures. OF ARIZONA of Representatives will be interested in lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a new idea being tried by one of the st.permarket chains in New York City. Thursday, March 20, 1975 BAN ON POLITICAL RECOMMEN­ I have be-en advised that on March 11~ DATIONS FOR COMPETITIVE Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, on 1975, Shopwell Inc., 400 Walnut Avenue, SERVICE POSITIONS Wednesday of this week the North Viet­ New York, N.Y., announced a food dis­ namese overran the South Vietnam city count program aimed directly at helping of Quangtri. This was followed early those who need it most. In accordance HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON Thursday by a wave assault on the old with the program, Shopwell savings cer­ OF ILLINOIS impelial capital of Hue. The rapid-fire ttlicates will be sold at a 10-percent dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATTITES loss of these two South Vietnamese cities count to senior citizens and to persons on Thursday, March 20, 1975 represents the most dramatic and dis­ welfare, to those who qualify for Federal astrous military setback for the South food stamps, and to the unemployed be­ Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. 1n the long and bitter history of the ginning March 24 and ending August 25. Speaker, I am introducing today a blll Vietnam war. Certificates in $5 denominations will which will strengthen the merit system The decision to aba-ndon the highlands be sold on Mondays only, from 9 a.m. to of appointing civil servants by outlawing was a painful one made out of military 6 p.m., at 23 Shopwell supe1·markets in political recommendations. This would necessity. The thought was to preserve New York City and the surrounding area. apply to myself, my colleagues, Members government forces and ammunition for They may be redeemed any day of the of the other body, and any other elected use in subsequent battles. The Govern­ week in all 90 Shopwell stores for pur­ or political official. It would extend to ment of South Vietnam, after consider­ chases of all PToducts except cigarettes the civil service and other competitive ing the situation carefully, reached the and beer. services the ban on political interference conclusion tbat their chances of repel­ Purchases of Shopwell savings certifi­ which now covers appointments to the ling this inevitable Communist wave at­ cates up to $50 per week per family will Postal Service. tack will be better if they consolidate be allowed upon presenting proper If we are to have a Government their resources nearer to the capita-l city identification at one of the selling loca­ staifed by the highest quality admin­ of Saigon. tions. Each .certificate will be signed by istrators, the impartial hiring proce­ As I said, this was a military decision the recipient at the time of purchase and dures which make up the merit system that, given the circumstances, was prob­ again when used at a Shopwell store. The must be allowed to operate untram­ ably a wise one. But here-as elsewhere­ certificates must be used in their en­ meled. we cannot separate the human element tn·ety, since change cannot be given at While intentional subverting of Civil from this development. The decision to tl:~ time of purchase. The certificates Service regulations is, I believe, increas­ retreat may have brought the South may be used any time in the future and ingly uncommon, this bill would erect a ther~ will be no expiration date on the firm barrier against any attempts at Vietnamese army some additional time, but it has also created thousands upon certificates. politicization of positions which by law Mr. Speaker, I enthusiastically endorse must be filled impartially. The recent thousands of new refugees, more than in this progrru::..... It appears to be imagina­ ruling by the Civil Service Commission any short period in the history not just tive and well intentioned. In this great forbidding referrals by its own commis­ of this war, but of war itself. At least cotmtry, with all of its apparent wealth. sioners is one necessary step in exorcis­ 100,000 people, according to the most for too long we have tolerated a large ing tmdue political influence. This meas­ recent estimate, have fled from Quangtrl number of our citizens having difficulty ure I am now presenting would go fur- and Hue to Danang. feeding themselves. CXXI--522-Part 7 8272 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Mat~ch 21, 1975 DAVIS-BACON ACT UNDER ATTACK construction workers face a higher risk of her family and her community. Her ac­ exploitation. In the past the Federal govern­ complishments are so extraordinary that ment has refused to be a party to such unfair HON. JOSHUA EILBERG practice, but should Davis-Bacon be tam­ I would like to bring only a few of them OF PENNSYLVANIA pered with, Congress would be just as guflty to the attention of the House of Repre­ as the profiteers who would win Government sentatives. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES contracts by paying substandard wages, As the mother of a retarded child, Mrs. Thursday, March 20, 1975 thereby dragging the economy lower into the Timberlake was repeatedly counseled to depths of our economic recession. put her child into an institution. Instead Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, the Whenever the Davis-Bacon Act is discussed Davis-Bacon Act was passed 34 years she and Mrs. Norma Cable, also the detractors reference the high hourly wage mother of a retarded child, decided ago, during the depression to protect paid in the construction industry. They to construction workers from unscrupulous choose the hourly wage because it gives an establish an education program designed inflated impression of annual earnings. to return these children to a useful life contractors who would import unem­ in society. ployed men and pay them substandard According to Labor Department studies, Her efforts began with a door-to-door wages instead of the prevailing rate. the average full-time construction worker only works about 1,500 hours at his trade campaign contact families who might Today, in a period of unemployment to each year-about 500 hours less than the be interested in sending a retarded child among construction workers, which average industrial worker. for instruction. The first class was con­ equals depression levels, Davis-Bacon is By maintaining the prevailing wage re­ ducted in a basement room of the Old under attack by persons who claim it fs quh·ements of the Davis-Bacon Act we will provide equality of opportunity for contrac­ Washington school building in 1952. As driving up the cost of construction. This the program grew, she began to travel is simply not true and the matter should tors bidding on Federal government construc­ tion projects, and assure that contracts are through the area lecturing at high be clarified. schools, colleges, hospitals, and the many At this time I enter into the RECORD awarded not according to exploitative wage a rates but according to qualifications and ef­ service organizations that serve good letter sent to me by Robert A. Georgine, ficiency of operations. causes. She was the first president of the president of the Building and Construc­ The current downswing in the economy Jefferson County Council for Retarded tion Trades Department of the AFL­ reinforces the need for the continuance of Children and was the supervisor of the CIO: this program. In 1973 all new construction county program until 1966 when she be­ Bun.DING AND CONSTRUCTION totaled $135.5 blllion. Of this, $32.5 billion came the supervisor of the sheltered TRADES DEPARTMENT, was government-related. In 1974 government Washington, D.O., March 17. 1975. construction exceeded $34 billion and had workshop attended by her son. Bon. JosHUA ElLBERG, Davis-Bacon not been in effect the situation She serves on the board of directors U.S. House of .Representatives, facing construction workers would be even of Martha Manor, is a member of the Washington, D.O. more disastrous than it is today. Jefferson County Child Development DEAR CONGRESSMAN EILBERG! The Davis­ The purpose of the Act is not to increase and Family Advocacy Center, and the Bacon Act was enacted in 1931 with the pur­ construction wages but to maintain con­ Ohio Lung Association. She is also past pose of protecting local wage standards of struction wage levels already prevailing in an president of the Jefferson County Tu­ workers on Federal construction projects. area. With government or government-related berculosis and Health Association and Later, the scope of the Act was expanded to construction going on at a $35 billion dollar include construction which was Federally­ pace, the Federal government could, without served on the board of directors of the aselsted, even though the contract was not Davis-Bacon, wield tremendous power in Ohio Association for Retarded Childl·en. wholly a Federal project. This program was local labor markets, and Federal contractors Everyone in Jefferson County who has necessary because unscrupulous contractors working on these projects could act as mar­ ever known a retarded child or who has were winning Federal contracts at the ex­ ket depressants. any interest in or contact with the im­ pense of the poorly paid construction Congress Is considering other prograxns to provement of retarded childl·en knows workers. By importing labor from areas where bolster our sagging economy and it is ludi­ Mrs. Timberlake and the work she has wages were lower, or by drawing workers crous that you should even be discussing the done. from pockets of high unemployment, the repeal of a program which has served so well Mr. Speaker, on behalf of myself and promiscuous contractor undercut the pre­ in the past and is so uniquely appropriate for vailing local wages and usually caused serious our present needs. all of my colleagues here today, I wish to distortions in local economic conditions. Construction workers are not becoming extend to Mrs. Harold Timberlake our In 1931 the Federal government decided wealthy at the public expense; the Davis­ sincere gratitude and best wishes. that it would no longer be a party to such Bacon Act does not increase wages but only exploitative practices. The Congress exam­ maintains them, and therefore, the Building ined the construction industry and decided and Construction Trades Department feels that it would protect these workers against that to repeal Davis-Bacon at this time would CORRECTING THE RECORD ABOUT those that would line their pockets in times be injurious to thousands of construction SYRIAN JEWS of economic crisis. Again we are facing a workers and their families and would have a dangerous economic situation. In 1931, when depressing effect on both the local and na­ the Davis-Bacon Act was passed, we had a tional economy. HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ national unemployment rate of 15.9 percent. With best wishes, I am Today the construction industry has a 15 OF NEW YORK Sincerely, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES percent unemployment rate set against a ROBERT A. GEORGINE, much larger work force. That Is why it is par­ Thursday, March 20, 1975 ticularly inappropriate for some members of President. Congress to be considering the repeal of this Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, last week worthwhile program. But even beyond its im­ a letter appeared in the New York Times mediate value this program has served a very in which the writer declared that-­ THE 1975 OHIO MOTHER OF THE necessary function throughout the past 44 Jews living in Arab Countries enjoy equal years. By its nature, the construction in­ YEAR rights. dustry is subject to high rates of unemploy­ ment. A review of the last five years demon­ This statement is a gross misrepresen­ strates this. In 1969 the average annual rate HON. WAYNE L. HAYS tation of fact, particularly in the case of all unemployment was 3.5 percent; in OF OHIO of the small but vibrant Jewish commu­ construction it was 6 percent; in 1970 the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nity in Syria. annual rate was 4.9 percent; in construction it was 10.4 percent; in 1972 the national Thursday, March 20, 1975 A rebuttal has been submitted to the New York Times by Mr. Michael Abra­ rate was 5.6 percent and 10.3 percent in Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, ham, secretary of the Committee for construction; and in 1973 the national rate I would like to take a brief moment of of unemployment was 4.9 percent while the the House's time to say something about Rescue of Syrian Jewry. In his letter, construction industry su1fered a rate of 8.8 a constituent of mine who has recently Mr. Abraham reports that-- percent unemployment. Today, even though achieved a signal honor. Mrs. Harold The 4,500 Jews of Damascus, Aleppo and the 8.2 percent (Jan. '75) unemployment rate Timberlake of Toronto, Ohio, has been Qamlshli are being subjected to the cruelest for the nation is the highest since 1961, the chosen as the 1975 Ohio Mother of the forms of discrimination, restriction and tor­ jobless rate in construction Js twice that ture. figure. Year. Her selection was the culmination These figures show that unemployment in of a series of accomplishments and hon­ He continues by listing ..a number of the construction industry runs about twice ors achieved by Mrs. Timberlake through the many restrictions which are imposed as high as the total economy. Because of this, a lifetime of dedication and service to upon the Syrian Jewish community. Hav- Ma1"ch 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8273 ing recently visited that land and having the problem now facing our country, I mlllion parts of water. The National Oceanic to and Atmosphere Administration believes that seen for myself the conditions under would like take this opportunity to waste oil, hardened by low ocean tempera­ which Jews in Syria are forced to exist, share this article with my colleagues: tures, is a major cause of oil globules pollut­ I can attest to much of what Mr. Abra­ RE-REFINED CRANKCASE OIL DESERVES A CHANCE Ing 700,000 square miles of ocean between ham has written. (By Patrick J. Sloyan) Cape Cod and Caribbean. I believe the record should be set WASHINGTON.-It is a simple procedure wit­ With the onset of the oil shortage, more straight and the facts made clear to our nessed by many motorists: The mechanic used oil-treated and untreated-is being colleagues and other persons of good loosens the crankcase drain on the car with mixed with fuel oil and burned for heat. a wrench, then unscrews it with his fingers But this use of waste oil releases metal ox­ w111. I take this opportunity to present ides a.nd other pollutants that can cause herewith, for inclusion in the RECORD, so that the black, syrupy, used oil can ooze away. serious health problems. the full text of Mr. Abraham's letter and Where does it go? As it stands now, automatic operations commend it to the attention of our That depends on what country you live ln. produce about 600 million gallons of waste colleagues: If it is the United States, it could end up in oU a year. Another 400 million gallons come COMMITI'EE FOR RESCUE OF the water you drink or the water you swim from industrial and aviation operations, and SYIUAN JEWRY, in. The Environmental Protection Agency es­ the EPA lists 100 million as coming from Brooklyn, N.Y., March 11, 1975. timates that 370 million gallons of waste oil other sources. The NEW YORK TDIES, is dumped each year--on the grounds, or 1n About 480 million gallons are burned as New York, N.Y. the ocean. fuel; 200 million gallons are used for use To THE EDITOR: Michael Saah, Secretary If you live in West Germany, this dirty oil as lubricating oil. ''The fate of 370 million of the Natl. Assn. of Arab Am.eriv­ red ink "Jew", their freedom of movement 1s that could save oil during an energy crisis, ernment has implemented subsidies and laws severely restricted and they are kept under create jobs during a recession and eliminate designed to encourage the re-refining indus­ close survelllance by the secret pollee. Mos­ one pollutant from increasingly hazardous try. Since 1963 it has also imposed restric­ lem principa.Is in Jewish schools have cur­ water systems. tions and penalties to prevent waste-oil taUed relig1ous studies. Soldiers were ordered Before 1965, there was a bustling oil re­ dumping in waterways, a step that has led to boycott Jewish shops. Jews are forbidden refining industry in many major American to a further expansion of re-refining. to import and export, denied bank credit or cities. More than 160 such companies paid West Germany, France, Italy and other collection of debts a.nd may not sell or dis­ filling-station owners and others for their European nations started to provide incen­ pose of their property. They live in constant old oil. The re-reftned product was the tives for their re-reftning industries at about fea.r and are prevented from emigrating. cheapest oil a driver could purchase at most the same time the U.S. government's moves As to Mr. Sa.a.h's suggestion that Jews .. were gasoline stations. A lower-priced re-reftned crippled domestic re-refiners. In Prance, the dlscrimlnated against for ••. dual loyalty.". oil was favored by farmers, contractors and re-reftning Industry has pioneered a propane this ls completely untrue since the Syrian other users of "off-highway" machines. extraction system that ls producing a reproc­ authorities are obviously aware that their The turning point came in 1965, when essed oil much higher in quality than prod­ JeWish citizens are Innocent scapegoats and Congress repealed a series of excise taxes. The ucts of the acid and clay process common that their only crime is being Jewish. major oil companies complained that the re­ to U.S. and some other European re-refining Sincerely yours, refined <>il companies were avoiding having plants. MICHAEL ABRAHAM, Secretary. to pay excise taxes, even though they claimed President Ford made no mention of re­ their oil was as good as unused oil. reflning oil in what was billed as "the most Re-refined oil mixed with unused oil car­ comprehensive energy proposals ever put f9r- ried a 3-cents-a-gallon excise tax whereas un­ ward by the government.'• · RE-REFINED CRANKCASE OIL used oil bore a 6-cents-a-gallon tax when In Congress, little attention has been DESERVES A CHANCE sold for off-highway machines. Despite warn­ focused on providing incentives or subsidies ings that the re-refining industry would be for a potentially bigger and better re-refining hurt, Congress approved rebates that gave industry that would produce htgh-quallty HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI back the oil excise tax to farmers and other products under uniform speclfications. off-highway users. By offering a 6-cents-a­ The exception is Rep. Charles Vanik (D· OF NEW JERSEY gallon rebate the major on companies cut Ohio) who has been a leading critic of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES into the re-reftners• price edge. billions of dollars a year ln tax subsidies to Thursday, March 20, 1975 The big oil companies got even more im­ the big oil companies. Vanik, a member of the portant help from the Internal Revenue House Ways and Means Oommlttee, favors Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, each Service. The IRS ignored congressional con­ repealing the 1965 tax laws and IRS rules day it becomes more imperative for us cern over the refiners and ruled that the re­ that left re-reftners at a disadvantage against to take whatever steps we can to con­ reftned oil was "ineligible.. for the tax re­ the big on companies. serve our existing energy supplies, and bate. Also In 1965 the Federal Trade Commis­ one idea which is receiving increasing sion required that re-refined oU be clearly attention concerns the possibility of labeled "previously used oU". The FTC deci­ using re-re:fined oil more effectively. sion was the culmination of efforts to deal REPUBLICAN POLICY COMMITTEE Lubricating oil does not wear out; it with the varying quality of re-reftned oil, a OPPOSES EMERGENCY HOUSING just gets dirty. Nevertheless, we waste a problem acknowledged by reputable re-re­ BILL, H.R. 4485 great deal of oil which could be salvaged finers. through the recyling facilities of oil re­ The combination of new labeling and loss HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. I of tax advantage was a severe blow to the refiners. As a result, recently introduced OF NEW YORK a bill which is designed to facilitate more industry. Now, 10 years later, there are only 40 re-refiners across the nation. As the In­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES widespread use of re-refined on. dustry slipped, the demand for waste oil Today. however, I would like to call our went with it. Filling-station owners who once Thursday, March 20, 19'!5 attention to an article which was for­ profited from old oil often had to pay to have Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, the House warded to me recently by one of my con­ it hauled away. Republican Policy Committee met earlier stituents, Mr. R. Kurtz, of Lyndhurst, Old oil scavengers in many cities chose to this week to discuss the Emergency Mid­ N.J. Written by Patrick J. Sloyan, of the dump it. Cleveland and Minneapolis were dle-Income Housing Act of 1975. The Los Angeles Times/Washington Post among the first cities to discover that waste on in their sewer systems was disrupting statement the committee adopted ap­ News Service, the article is entitled sewage treatment plants. It remains a serious pears below. "Re-refined Crankcase on Deserves a problem in many cities. the EPA says. I am also inserting an article by Gene Second Chance." In view of the fact that According to the EPA, one part <>f the Meyer which appeared Wednesday, I found this material to be relevent to waste oil 1s enough to foul the taste of a March 19 Jn the Wall Street Journal. It 8274 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1975 describes the growing optimism in the h ousing stock and a long term energy sit u­ "We can't say for certain we're out of the housing industry now that ample mort­ ation that discourages commuting from dis­ woods. We're cer tainly not in good times gage money is becoming available. I tant subu rban new single-fainily home sites. yet, not back in the boom days," says Charles commend it to my colleagues' attention: If t he pl'in ciples applied in this bill to aid Ruten berg, chairm an and chief executive of the construct ion industry spread to other U.S. Home Corp., the nation's biggest home EMERGENCY MIDDLE-INCOME HOUSING ACT OF high u nemployment sectors of the economy­ builder. "But th ere is very litt le question that 1975 such as the auto industry-we might expect the h ousing industry has bott omed out. The The word "emergency" in the title of a to see t he government help all Americans public is buyin g homes once again." bill usually signals legislation t hat con tains earning less than 120 % of t he m edian income "I can only describe the housing market costly, dlfficult-to-explain expen ditures aimed to buy cars. Is t his a precedent we want as ready to go," says George A. Christie, chief at chancy goals. H.R. 4485 is well qualified t o set ? economist for McGraw-Hill's F. W. Dodge to bear the title, "Emergency Middle-Income Like virtually every oth er "temporary" statistical division. Housing Act of 1975." With it, the Democratic government program , th is one too will Last month U.S. Home took almost 700 Majority has once again cranked up the resist expiring on schedule-in this case orders for new housing units around the printing presses in an other count er produc­ J une 30, 1976, a scant five mon ths before country-85% more than in January and tive and expensive at tempt to convince those elections an d h ardly a time to eliminate three t imes as many as in December. And who voted for them t hat they are hard at progr ams put ting money in the pockets of when it opened two model homes in Naples, work achieving results in Washington. voters. Fla., several weeks ago, more than 1,000 peo­ This time, they have come up with a bill The government h as already m ade a sub­ ple went to see them. Five bought in the first that commits the federal government to stan t ial commitm ent to encouraging invest ­ weeken d. Generally, 100 to 150 visitors to spending an imprecise amount-perh aps $1.5 ment in home ownership. The fiscal 1976 such cent ers is a r espect able weeken d t urn­ billion-to subsidize home-buying by the budget projects a total government t ax ex­ out in good t imes. middle class. Families earning up to 120 % penditure of $11.8 billion throu gh deduct ­ of the median income in their area ($21,000 ibility of mortgage interest and property "TRAFFIC AND INTEREST ARE THERE" in Washington, D.C., for example) would be t axes on owner-occupied homes. Just last Timothy J ones, a securit ies analyst for eligible to receive government subsidies large October, Congress passed th e Emergen cy F aulkner, Dawkins and Sullivan, has t alked enough to reduce t h eir mortgage payments to Home Purchase Assistance Act of 1974; that to other big national builders in recent days. the equivalent of 6 percent for t he first three measure plus still other prior prograinS have "The situation at the others is pretty much years or 7 percent over the life of the mort­ made some $14 billion in subsidized com­ the same as U.S. Home," he says. "January gage. mitments available for home buying. What was a very st rong month and it seems to With home mortgages currently averagin g potential home buyers truly need is not yet have gone into February. There's no ques­ 9 to 9%% and the housing construction in­ more gov ernme~t mortgage assistance, but tion that the traffic and interest are there." dustry at low ebb, this measure has a sur­ rather a ret urn to a stable, prosperous Malcom Prine, chairman and president of face appeal. But closer scrutiny reveals seri­ economy that would permit thrifty, indus­ Ryan Homes, Inc., the national home build­ ous probleinS: trious families to purchase modest homes er based in Pittsburgh, says: The immediate effect of this bill will be to without government intervention. "We're moving from the dismal lows of stop home-buying, not to stimulate it dur­ Rather than embark on yet another November and December and have seen a sig­ ing the spring months which generally see federal program of political appeal but ques­ nificant increase in traffic in January and a pick-up of housing construction. House tionable merit, we would favor the substitute February. It's still below traffic level last passage is only the first step toward putting measure supported by Republicans on t he year-roughly 10% less. this program into existence. It may well be Banking, Currency, and Housing Committee. "But we've seen a bit of brightening in next fall before final regulations are drawn This substitute, offered by Rep. Garry Brown March. Apparently people seem to feel we and mortgage money actually becomes avail­ of Michigan, builds upon the 1974 Act rather aren't into a dark disaster after all. The more able. Between now and then, however, po­ than initiating an entirely new effort. It modestly priced, lower-cost housing is mov­ tentially eligible families will postpone hous­ assists multi-family rental units and con­ ing much bet ter than the middle- and upper­ ing purchases until cheaper mortgages be­ dominiums as well as single family dwellings. priced." come available. The gap will temporarily Interest rates would not exceed 7% percent Kaufman & Broad, the huge California­ bring the housing industry to a halt. and would be lower only if the HUD Secre­ based national builder, says that 1n the first Nothing in the blll prevents buyers from tary sets a lower rate on unsubsidized FHA week of this month, 2,508 people turned out reaping windfall profits by pocketing the single family homes. This approach would be to look at their houses, still down from the interest subsidy when this assisted housing immediately available and requil·e no 3,002 that showed up in the like we&.t of 1974. is resold at great er prices than originally lengthy start-up period, would help the But in the second week of this month, 3,708 paid. entire home-building industry, and would people showed up, a big rise from 2,319 a H.R. 4485 requires no minimum buyer con­ avoid the many problems inherent in H.R. year earlier. Sales figures for the two weeks tribution. The family earning $21,000 could 4485. aren't available. get the same or greater subsidy as the family Admittedly, extending and expanding an CONDOMINIUMS HAVE NOT REVIVED earning only $10,000 or $15,000. The arbitrary existing program to meet continuing needs So far, the rise in traffic and sales has cut-off level means that the family earning is not as politically invigorating as launch­ been felt almost entirely in the market for $1 over the 120 % of the median quali:fles ing an entirely new legislative and rhetorical houses. With a few exceptions, the improve­ for no assistance at all while the family earn­ vehicle. Congress is following a dangerous ment hasn't extended to condominiums and ing $1less gets the full interest subsidy bene­ course in this regard. While the House is co-ops. fits. The wide geographical differences in promising 6 or 7 percent mortgages, the Builders of all sizes are getting nibbles. median income mean that a taxpayer earning Senate is raising the stakes by offering a Michael Sumichrast, economist for the Na­ $12,661 in San Antonio, for example, (where :flat $2,000 tax credit to every homebuye:r. tional Association of Home Builders, says the 120% of the median is $12,600) would If the Majority Democrats follow their ac­ his group's monthly suney of builders' atti­ have to pay market interest rates on his customed pattern, compromise will consist tudes shows deep gloom in November and mortgage, and with his tax dollars, subsidize of judiciously accepting both provisions. December and slight improvement in Janu­ a home buyer making $21,084 in the Wash­ The American people simply cannot afford ary-and in February, he says, "the gloom ington, D.C. area (where the 120 % of the any more of these expensive political changed to hope." median is $21,085) . promises. This new hope came after 18 months of The 6% interest rate equivalent provided almost steady decline caused by the un­ in the bill is unrealistically low. Conventional (From the Wall Street Journal, Mar. 19, 1975] availability of mortgages, soaring interest mortgages have not dropped to this level GOOD 0MEN?-PEOPLE TAKE A LOOK AT rates, a gasoline crisis that kept buyers at since 1966. At the end of January, $3 billion home and concern about the economy. Rea­ in commitments for mortgages at 7%% was NEW HOUSES AGAIN, AND EVEN Buy SOME (By Gene Meyer) sons for the apparent revival range from grabbed by lenders under the government's buyers' hopes of picking up bargains in a current tandem plan. This 6% rate entices NEw YoRK.-Home buyers are straggling sluggish market to the sudden availability families to buy housing with government back to the market. Their return may stim­ of more mortgage money. The latter results subsidies while keeping their savings in ulate the nation's lagging economy as they from the decline in interest rates on bonds thrift institutions forced to pay interest on buy everything from new carpeting to new long-term accounts at 7% and even higher. and on other money-market instruments. It appliances for their new homes. now pays many investors to put money into Since t hrift institutions cannot compete with It may be months, however, before a pick­ 6% mortgages, pressure will build to ext end up in buying stimulates home builders. A savings banks and savings-and-loan associa­ the program indefinitely. huge number of unsold homes gluts the tions, the main lenders of mortgage funds The bill excludes multi-family rental units, market. Overall, builders still are starting for housing. a type construction relied upon by millions fewer new homes and wm keep retrenching THE TRADITIONAL CYCLE of families. The emphasis on single-family for a while, to judge-by building-permit When mortgage money becomes available homes means that cities, where there 1s llttle figures released yesterday. (See story, page after a scarcity, the resale market-the sale new construction of this type will not benefit 3.) But sales of existing one-family homes, of already occupied homes-usually stirs from the bill, despite their need for new at least, definitely are creeping upward. first. In a number of areas in the past few

1- --- March 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8275 months, this has started, As the supply of we've also seen a definite pickup in Atlanta clined in the face of recessions in the United older homes falls, buyers turn to unsold and Houston," Mr. Ward says. He adds that States, Western Europe and Japan. new homes. That started last month in some Ryland is only a small factor in the Dallas Two mild winters in succession reduced places. Finally, construction of new housing market. heating demand. The 1975 autos consume begins to pick up. So far, this hasn't hap­ F. W. Dodge's Mr. Christie figures that substantially less gasoline than the late 1960s' pened yet. Housing starts in February con­ an upturn in housing starts "is only a mat­ models now being junked. OPEC exports have tinued to fall-if slightly. ter of a month or two away." declined even more rapidly than the demand Repeated predictions that the housing Commercial and industrial construction, in the consuming countries, in part because market would revive have turned out wrong however, still show scarcely a sign of re­ a few countries, including Mexico and Malay· in the past 18 months. Early last year, for vival. "Nonresidential building is likely to sia, have increased their production and example, many builders and securities ana­ continue its decline for several ·quarters," exports. lysts thought they saw an upturn in the mar­ Mr. Christie says, "and will rebound only Current OPEC output is estimated at 26 ket, and sales did pick up when gasoline got after a more general recovery has taken million barrels a day, 11 million below its plentiful. But by mid-March last year, Fed­ hold in the economy." . capacity. In the months ahead, the heating eral Reserve Board policy sent interest rates Housing usually leads a general recov­ demand will decline further, offsetting the skyward and choked off the supply of mort­ ery, just as it usually leads a general de­ increased automobile use during warm gage money. Home sales came to a near cline. At the top of an economic cycle, high weather. Deepening of the recession means standstill and have stayed that way. economic activity increases the demand for industrial demand also should decline, at This time, housing specialists think their borrowed funds; interest rates climb, and least until autumn. expectations are realistic. "Most of the con­ the housing industry retrenches. At the bot­ For most of the last year, production of ditions we need for a recovery have already tom of a cycle, slow economic activity re­ petroleum exceeded consumption, even as been met--an inflow of savings to the sav­ duces the demand for borrowed funds; in­ demand fell, while petroleum in storage in­ ings-and-loans for several months, for ex­ terest rates fall, and housing perks up. creased, both in traditional forms like tank ample, which is needed to rebuild liquidity," farms and in non-traditional ones like ocean says Mr. Sumichrast, the home builders' tankers and gasoline stations. At current economist. Savings-and-loan institutions had rates, there are now 100 days of consumption a net inflow of some $3 billion in deposits in IMPENDING BREAKDOWN OF OPEC in storage. A large inventory is necessary to January against a mere trickle, $550 mil­ keep pipelines full, and a smaller additional lion, in December. CARTEL inventory is a useful contingency reserve. Furthermore, the Federal Reserve Sys­ Over the last year, inventories above these tem isn't showing signs of tightening up two requirements have increased by a third. again. And in Congress, several proposals to HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN At $10 a barrel, these inventories are val­ stimulate housing are in the works. Last OF MASSACHUSETTS ued at $50 billion. Any fall in the market week, for example, the Senate Finance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES price means owners of petroleum will incur Committee tentatively agreed to provide up Thursday, March 20, 1975 losses; if the price falls to $8 a barrel, they to a $2,000 tax credit for the purchase of a will be poorer by $10 billion. Despite their home between now and Dec. 1. While the Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, a very per­ vested interest in maintaining the current break isn't included in a House bill and may ceptive article in the Wall Street Journal price level, owners of inventories will begin not survive a Senate-House conference, "the for_ March 20, 1975, deserves the con­ to convert oil into money when they antici­ possibility of a $2,000 tax credit has a lot of pate a price decline. shoppers looking," says Kenneth Campbell, sideration of everyone who is a Member A decrease of petroleum in storage by one editor and publisher of Audit's Housing & of the Congress. day's consumption over a month means OPEC Realty Investor, an industry newsletter. Prof. Robert Z. Aliber, its author, production would fall by two million barrels But so much money is flowing into sav­ teaches finance in the graduate school of a day. A reduction of the excess inventory ings institutions that the Ford administra­ business at the University of Chicago. by one-third over the next four months tion and others doubt that a $2,000 tax break Professor Aliber's .contention is that translates into a decline in OPEC exports of is needed. And the administration, which the oil cartel-the OPEC nations-is in five million barrels a day. The more rapidly had agreed to finance some $7.75 billion in the price is expected to fall, the more rapidly home mortgages, now has begun to pull the early stages of a breakdown. The au­ inventories will be reduced, and the lower the back after committing some $6 billion. The thor contends that this cartel will fall demand for newly produced oil. rest of the $7.75 billion may not be funded. apart within the next several months THE VALUE OF MONEY Builders, meanwhile clearly are more when the members of OPEC prove "un­ optimistic than they were a few months ago. able to share the necessary production As it becomes apparent that the price of "Builders have stopped cutting their plans cuts." crude petroleum will decline, some mem­ for the future," Mr. Sumichrast says, "and bers of the cartel, especially the smaller Professor Aliber makes an excellent producers, also will convert oil into money. have made selective plans for new starts." point when he urges that-- This isn't to say that starts will rise much, In 1975, money in the bank will earn inter­ or even rise soon, he says; there are too The United States should indicate to est income at the rate of 6 % or 8 % a year. many homes already built and unsold. selected oil producing countries that they Oil held in the ground, in contrast, will In normal times, according to Mr. Sumi­ will be granted favored access to the U.S. have a negative rate of return, since the chrast, the number of unsold new houses is market in the next decade, but only with market price at the end of 1975 will be about one-sixth the annual rate of housing the proviso that they maintain their pro­ below the price at the end of 1974. starts. He figures there now are some 400,- duction (of oil) in the next few months. Individual OPEC countries will lean more heavily on the multinational oil compa­ 000 unsold houses built and standing on their Dr. Aliber is here referring to the fact lots (not counting 250,000 or so unsold condo­ nies to buy more oil, for oil not sold in miniums and co-ops). That 400,000 figure that current OPEC output is estimated at 1975 and 1976 may not be sold until the dis­ wouldn't be large if housing starts were run­ 26 million barrels a day-11 million below tant future. The multinationals, however, ning at a 2.4 million annual rate. But in Feb­ the capacity of this oil producing cartel. will buy petroleum only if they can sell it, ruary the seasonally adjusted annual rate This important article follows: so they will play musical chairs with vari­ was just 977,000, down slightly from Janu­ ous supply sources, increasing their pur­ IMPENDING BREAKDOWN OF OPEC CARTEL chases from countries which offer dis­ ary's 996,000 and not much higher than De­ (By Robert Aliber) cember's near record-low rate of 880,000 z. counts, rebates, and other concessions from units. The February 1974 rate was 1,881,000. The oil cartel is in the early stages of a the posted price. While individual OPEC Mr. Rutenberg of u:s. Homes concedes breakdown. Crude petroleum prices are be­ countries can increase their exports, OPEC that existing new homes haven't yet been ing lowered, both directly and indirectly, by countries as a group cannot--at least not un­ absorbed by the market. But he adds that if individual producing countries seeking to til a business upswing occurs. sales continue at their faster pace, his com­ increase their exports. In the next several As demand declines in the next six months, pany will be building more homes by sum­ months, the demand for OPEC-produced pe­ maintenance of the $10 price could re­ mer and will be "much more active" by troleum will decline sharply. The cartel will quire reduction of six million to eight fall. fall apart when its members prove unable to million barrels a day in OPEC production. The optimism isn't confined to national share the necessary production cuts. These cutbacks must somehow be distributed builders. "We're ahead of last year," says For 15 months the demand for crude pe­ among OPEC members. A few countries al­ John Ward, marketing vice president of Ry­ troleum has been substantially smaller than ready have reduced production substantially. land Group, a regional home builder based the potential supply. Initially the embargo Libya now produces less than 900,000 barrels in Columbia, Md. In the first quarter of 1974 adopted during the Yom Kippur war forced a day, whereas its peak output exceeded two the company sold 242 homes in Baltimore­ consuming nations to adjust to contrived million. Similarly, Kuwait, which has a daily Washington, Atlanta, Houston and Dallas. scarcity by queuing at gas pumps, lowering capacity of nearly four million barrels, has This year's improvement has come mainly thermostats, and foregoing Sunday driving. been producing two million barrels. Both in the Baltimore-Washington market, "but Since the embargo was lifted, demand de- countries appear reluctant to reduce their 8276 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ma-rch 21, 1975 output further. The poor, .heavily-populated The U.S. should indicate to selected oil countries like Indonesia and Nigeria are un­ producing countries that they will be granted That problem can hardly be called likely to make substantial cutbacks. Iraq has favored access to the U.S. market in the next inconsiderable. _ been loud in its support of OPEC, but its decade, provided they maintain their produc­ It affects the lives of some 54 million output in J-anuary exceeded the pre-embargo tion in the next few months. In late 1972, rural Americans. level. Saudi Arabia's oil minister Ahmed Zaki Yam­ In our approach, we must not lose sight Increasingly, maintenance of the current ani suggested an assured access arrangement, of these figures from the Department of price wlll require larger cutbacks by Iran, but Washington should link any such as­ Agriculture. Let me quote them to you: Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. In January, the surances to minimum production guaran­ daily output of these three countries totaled tees. Poverty in rural America dominates the 16 milllon barrels a day. Reduction in demand Further, Washington might also encourage lives of 12 million people . . . or 17 per cent has alreadY. forced Iran to reduce its output companies to reduce their petroleum in stor­ of the rural population as a whole. One out by 10%, Venezuela by 20 % and Saudi Arabia age. It could nudge the price downward by of six people in rural areas lives in poverty, by 30 %. These three countries might be re­ buying oil for auction to distributors; the compared with one of ten in urban areas. quired to cut back twice as much in the next price decline, by indicating the vulnerability I remind my friends that we presently few months to match even further reduc­ of the petroleum inventory, would induce have a variety of programs whose pur­ tion in demand. owners to reduce their stocks. While the Two sets of events, separately or in com­ Treasury would incur a financial loss from pose it is to improve the quality of life bination, may upset this scenario for the de­ this anti-stockpiling tactic, consumers would in rural America. mise of the cartel. The estimated decline in benefit from lower prices. More importantly, It is not a shortage of programs that petroleum demand during warmer weather, as owners of the inventory reduced their must concern us here. the impact of the recession and inventory re­ stocks, this would sharply increase pressures Further, the Government has most of duction may be overstated. And the cartel on the cartel, which also would result in the funds needed to create public pro­ may be effective in allocating reductions in lower prices to consumers . . output among its members. As long as the grams; and it has a long record of gen­ members were rich, such allocations were eral rural assistance-farm loans, price easy. But individual countries are not likely supports, and agricultw·al extension to abide by the commitments if they expect services, for instance-from which to the price to fall. Cartels have their momen­ RURAL HEALTH CARE DELIVERY proceed in the area of rural health. tum; they work when their members believe IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1975 But Government cannot, and should they will work and fold when that belief is eroded. not, be expected to go it alone. It cannot The announcement from the recent meet­ HON. TIM LEE CARTER and should not if it expects to succeed. ing in Algiers that the OPEC producers would OF KENTUCKY Government must draw on the enthusi­ like to enter into long-term agreements IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES asm, energies, and knowledge of physi­ about price and supply arrangements reflects cians, farm groups, businessmen, trade their sensitivity to the weakness of their eco­ Thursday, March 20, 1975 unions, consumer groups, individuals, nomic position. If the demand for petroleum Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, in recent colleges. proves unexpectedly strong, then they would break the agreements, as they have in the years the Congress has weighed the mer­ With them, it should develop a co­ past. If the demand for petroleum proves its and demerits of a number of across­ herent strategy for tackling the many as weak as they expect, they would count the-board proposals designed to .solve problems that now beset so many of our on the United States and other importing the problems inherent in our complex rural communities. nations to abide by its commitments. health delivery system. I am calling then, for a national strat­ INCREASING TARIFF BARRmRS It is tempting, I must admit, to enter­ egy, Mr. Speaker, and, I am also arguing The OPEC countries recognize that their tain the notion that these problems can that our national strategy be thought ability to export pet roleum will be increas­ all be solved with one monumental legis­ out thoroughly in advance; that it be ingly constrained in the next few years as lative solution. realistic as well as ambitious; and that it the energy markets in various industrial It is tempting, Mr. Speaker; but I sub­ be practical, not abstract. countries become increasingly segmented mit that such a course is ill-considered, It does us no good, for example, to from the world market. The United States simplistic, and dangerous. And I submit make rural health care more commonly will apply tariffs or quotas to imports, much as in the 1960s, and the U.S. price will be that it cannot work. available if we do not, at the same time, substantially above the world price. Sim­ Our health care system is incredibly make it more easily accessible. What ilarly, the British home market will be pro­ diverse. We deliver care to the patent good is the finest modern, central clinic tected from low-cost Middle East imports in a variety of ways. This is the strength if the people it is designed to serve can­ so that North Sea producers will be able to of the system: that it is :flexible; that it not get to it, because they lack the means recover the high costs of offshore drilling. In accommodates to the widely differing of transportation? Continental Europe, and Japan, similar im­ needs of our communities. It has been this sort of thinking on port-limiting measures will be adopted to I do not mean to imply by that obser­ reduce dependence on foreign sources of my part, and on the part of many of my energy. vation a system perfect of its kind-one medical colleagues experienced in the The growth of such barriers to imports will that should be immune to change, be­ problems of rural health care- delivery, increasingly fence off OPEC supplies and the cause there is no need for improvement. that leads me to introduce the Rural OPEC countries will find themselves with Improvements are indeed necessary. Health Care Delivery Improvement Act more oil than markets. At that stage, access But in our desire to make them, let us of 1975. to markets in the develo.ped countries will be not recreate the bed of Procrustes, who This measure would have the Congress very valuable, and OPEC countries will com­ accommodated guests too tall by sawing find that there is an urgent need for the pete aggressively for market shares. off their legs; and guests too short by For the next several months, the United development and improvement of rural States faces a policy dilemma. Is it worth­ stretching them on the rack. The health care delivery; that availability of while to adopt a $3 tar iff on imported petro­ achievement of symmetry by such de­ health services in many rural areas is leum? Or set quotas t o reduce "imports by vices is hard-won at best and is never below that of the Nation as a whole; that half-million barrels a day? Or impose a gaso­ much to the satisfaction of anyone be­ although present Federal programs are line tax of 15 cent s or 20 cents a gallon? sides Procrustes himself. applicable to rural health, there has been Or adopt measures designed to increase do­ The need to design Procrustean pro­ no centralized focus on the health needs mestic energy supplies? Should any of these posals is usually justified by the asser­ of rural areas; that community health policies be followed, given that the world tion of a crisis-from which it follows programs can best be planned and imple­ price could fall sharply? Similarly, is it worthwhile for the United States to enter that crisis action must be taken. From mented at the community and regional Into long-term supply agreements with vari­ there it is only a hop,. step, and jump to level with coordination at community, ous oil exporters? megaproposals which promise much and regional, State, and National levels; thn.t OPEC's e.bility to m aintain the price over change little. there is a need for feasibility studies, de­ the next few mont hs does not depend on I suggest, Mr. Speaker, that before we velopment, and demonstration of rural whether the U.S. adopts import tartll's, proceed to a consideration of omnibus health care delivery models and compon­ quotas, gasoline taxes or domestic produc­ tion subsidies. They will have only a modest proposals, we rather carefully select our ents; that recognition py rural communi­ impact in altering demand-supply relations targets. ties should be given to the fact that rw·al in the near future. Instead, poUcy should One such target is the problem of health resources are limited and that focus on two other mea~ures: health delivery in rural America. consequently, alternative rural health MaTch 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8277 (6) that recognition by rural communi­ (1) identification of the demographic and care delivery models and components ties should be given to the fact that rural geographic characteristics which categorize should be developed and tested; and that health resources are limited and that conse­ an area as rural, including the definition and experimental and developmental rural quently, alternative rural health care deliv­ delineation of health service areas; health care delivery models and/or com­ ery models and components should be tested (2) Identification of beneficial (including ponents should be developed with a view and developed; and new and innovative) health components of to becoming financially self -sustaining (7) that experimental and developmental various types of rural health care delivery within 3 years. rural health care delivery models and/or models, and utilization of such components components should be developed with a view in increasing availability of health care The bill, therefore, calls for the estab­ services; lishment of a Federal entity within the to becoming financially self-sustaining with­ in three years. (3) Identification and utilization of trans­ Department of Health, Education, and (b) It is the policy of the Congress and the portation modes appropriate in achieving the Welfare with the authority to coordinate purpose of this Act to provide assistance to goal of making health care services avail­ Federal activities, review existing pro­ programs for the delivery of health services able to residents of rural areas; grams, and initiate demonstration proj­ in order to increase the availability of health ( 4) identification and ut111zation of appro­ ects and programs which can improve care services to residents of rural areas. This priate communications in rural areas; rural health care delivery. purpose should be achieved through the (5) determination and utilization of eco­ The Office of Rural Health, as this establishment of a federal entity within the nomically feasible uses of biomonitoring Department of Health, Education. and Wel­ technology; entity would be called, would be admin­ fare having the authority to coordinate fed­ (6) emergency medical care components istered and run by a director appointed eral activities, review existing programs, and and systems available to meet the special by the Secretary. The director would be initiate demonstration projects and programs problems of the rural areas; a qualified health care professional. which can improve rural health care delivery. (7) education programs in rural areas, in­ He would be authorized to award cluding health and nutrition education, as ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE OF RURAL HEALTH well as continuing education for health pro­ grants, contracts, loans, and loan guar­ SEc. 3. There is established within the De­ antees for projects to examine existing fessionals; partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, (8) experimentation in appropriate link­ models of rural health care delivery, to an Office of Rural Health. The Office shall be ages with regionalized health programs and determine their applicability to other administered and headed by a Director who facilities in its and other rural areas, and rural areas, and to assist in the study, shall be a qualified health care professional, with health programs and facilities in urban planning, development, experimentation, appointed by the Secretary. areas; and demonstration of rural health care DIRECTOR OF '£HE OFFICE; TECHNICAL AND (9) development of community planning delivery models. PROFESSIONAL PERSONNAL mechanisms so that the communities can The bill would also establish an 11- SEc. 4. (a) The Director of the Office of develop health care delivery models appro­ man Rural Health Care Advisory Com­ Rural Health, under the general direction priate to their needs; mittee which would advise the Director and supervision of the Secretary of Health, (10) provision for community support for Education, and Welfare (hereinafter referred appropriate health care delivery models and/ and make recommendations to him with to as the "Secretary"). shall carry out the or components including necessary staffing, respect to overall planning, policies, ob­ functions and responsibilities vested in him construction, and equipment; and jectives, and priorities. The committee or to the Office by or under this Act. and shall ( 11) identification and utilization of ap­ would consist of six doctors of medicine, perform such related duties as may be pre­ propriate dental services for rural areas. one of whom could be a doctor of osteo­ scribed by the Secretary to carry out the pur­ (b) No assistance shall be provided to any pathy, knowledgeable in rural health poses o! this Act. project under subsection (a) above unless care delivery; one dentist; and five rec­ (b) The Director shall receive basic pay the Director has satisfactory evidence indi­ ognized authorities in rural health care at the rate prescribed for level V of the Ex­ ' cating that the type of project being assisted ecutive Schedule under subchapter 11 of Will be transferrable or adaptable to other delivery. Chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code. rural areas. The bill would authorize $75 million (c) The Director shall appoint in addition (c) No assistance shall be provided to a for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976; to the regular personnel of the Office under project under subsection (a) above unless the $100 million for the fiscal year ending his direction and control, such technical and project, in accordance with regulations pre­ June 30, 1977; and $125 million for the professional personnel and consultants as are scribed by the Director, provides for periodic fiscal year ending June 30, 1978. necessary to carry out the functions of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the project Herewith, Mr. Speaker, is the bill in Office, in accordance With the provisions of in meeting its purposes. title 5, United States Code, governing ap­ (d) Any assistance provided under sub~ detail: section (a) above, may also include support H.R. 5236 pointments in the competitive service or the provisions of Chapter 51 and subchapter III for staffing, construction, and furnishing of A bill to establish an Office of Rural Health of Chapter 53 of such title relating to class­ necessary equipment. Staffing assistance within the Department of Health, Educa­ ification and General Schedule pay rates. would be limited in the first year to 90 per tion, and Welfare, and to assist in the (d) Such technical and professional per­ centum of such costs, to 60 per centum of development and demonstration of Rural sonnel and consultants shall include spe­ such cost in the second year, and to 30 per Health Care Delivery Models and cialists in the health professions as well as centum of such cost in the third year. Components specialists in environmental health com­ (e) The Director shall- Be it enacted by the Senate and House munity organization, communication,' trans­ ( 1) provide liaison among all agencies and of Representatives of the United States of portation, and such other areas as the Di·· instrumentalities of the Federal Govern­ America in Congress assembled, rector deems appropriate. ment for the purpose of coordinating health SECTION 1. That this Act may be cited as DmECTOR'S AUTHORITY care programs in rural areas; the "Rural Health Care Delivery Improve­ (2) make a periodic evaluation of other ment Act of 1975". SEc. 5. (a) The Director shall have the au­ Department of Health, Education, and Wel­ thority to award grants, contracts, loans, and fare programs relating to health care in FINDINGS; DECLARATION OF POLICY loan guarantees for projects to examine exist­ AND PURPOSE rural areas, including development of ade­ ing models of rural health care delivery. to quate manpower and to make periodic recom­ SEc. 2. (a) The Congress finds- determine their applicability and transfera­ mendations to the Secretary; · (1) that there is an urgent need for the bility to other rural areas, and to assist in (3) provide technical assistance and ad~ development and improvement of rural the study, planning. development, experi­ vice for the development of rural health care health care delivery in many areas through­ mentation, and demonstration of rural health delivery models and/or components including out the nation; care delivery models and/or components. Ex­ such assistance and advice to health pro­ (2) that availability of health services in cept in the case of assistance for feasibility viders, and including such assistance to ex­ many rural areas is below that of the nation studies, assistance shall be provided only pand existing or develop new medical groups as a whole; when the Director has determined that such in rural areas; (3) that although current authorized fed­ assistance is likely to further the goal of in­ (4) provide for evaluation of the projects eral programs are applicable to rural health, creasing the availabtlity of health care serv­ assisted under this Act in order to insure that there has been no centralized focus on the ices in rural areas where the Director has health needs of rural areas; the projects are carried out in conformance ( 4) that community health programs can determined that adequate services are pres­ with the application for the assistance and best be planned and implemented at the ently not available. In determining the eli­ in conformance with regulations of the community and regional level with coordi­ gibil1ty of any entity (which term shall in­ Director; nation at community, regional, state, and clude an individual) tor assistance tor im­ ( 5) provide tor t):le coordination of pro- national levels; proving the availability of health care serv­ grams and projects assisted under this Act (5) that there is a need for feasibllity ices in a rural area. the Director will consider With programs and projects of the National studies, development. and demonstration ot the extent to which the entity will incor­ Health Service Corps to the end that the rural health care delivery models and com­ porate in its activities one or more of the development and expansion of private medi­ ponents; following: cal care will be encouraged. 8278 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS !Vlatch 21, 1975 SEC. 6. Agencies and departments of the in this section referred to as the 'fund') (D) No such loan shall have a term in Federal Government are hereby autporized which shall be available to the Secretary excess of fifteen years. by this Act to enter into contracts with the without fiscal year limitation, in such (2) The Secretary may, for good cause, Office of Rural Health to enable the Office amounts as may be specified from time to waive any right of recovery which he has by of Rural Health to carry out provisions and/ time in appropriations Acts, (i) to enable reason of the failure of a public organiza­ or functions authorized by law dealing with him to discharge his responsibilities under tion to make payment of principal and in­ rural health care delivery or development. guarantees issued by him under this section, terest on a loan under this section. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS and (ii) for direct loans to public entities. GRANTS, CONTRACTS, LOANS, AND LOAN SEc. 7. (a) For grants and contracts, as There are authorized to be appropriated to GUARANTEES authorized by Sections 5 and 9, there is au­ the fund from time to time such amounts as may be required for the fund. There shall SEc. 9. (a) The Director may make grants thorized to be appropriated the sum of $75,- to public and nonprofit private entities, may 000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, be deposited in the fund amounts received by the Secretary as interest payments or re­ enter into contracts with public and private 1976, the sum of $100,000,000 for the fiscal entities and individuals, and the Secretary $125,000,000 for the fiscal year ending payments of principal on loans and any other moneys, property, or assets derived by may provide loans to public entities, and June 30, 1978. may provide loan guarantees to private en­ (b) Any amounts appropriated pursuant him from his operations under this section, including any moneys derived from the sale tities and individuals, for projects described to this section shall remain· available until in Section 5. expended and any amounts authorized for of assets. (B) Of the moneys in the fund there shall (b) No grant, contract, loan, or loan guar­ any fiscal year under this section but not antee may be awarded under this Act unless appropriated, may be appropriated for any be available to the Secretary fo.r the purpose of making direct loans to public entities an application therefor has been submitted succeeding fiscal year commencing prior to to and approved by the Director, and the July 1, 1978. only such sums as are appropriate for such purpose, or sums received by the &cretary Rural Health Care Advisory Committee, nor LOAN GUARANTEES AND LOANS as interest payments or repayments of prin­ shall any such assistance be awarded with­ SEC. 8. (a) The Director may not approve cipal on such loans and authorized in appro­ out the approval of the appropriate state and the application for assistance under this Act priations Acts to be used for such purpose. local medical society. Such an application unless- · (2) If at any time the moneys in the fund shall be in such form and submitted to the (1) he determines, in the case of a loan are insufficient to enable the Secretary to Director in such manner as the Secretary for which a guarantee is sought, that the discharge his responsibilities under this sec­ shall by regulation prescribe. In order to be terms, conditions, maturity, security (if tion to meet obligations under guarantees of approved, an application shall include as­ any), and schedule and amounts of repay­ loans under subsection (a), he is authorized surances to the satisfaction of the Director ments with respect to the loan are sufficient to issue to the Secretary of the Treasury that existing facilities and services will be to protect the financial interests of the notes or other obligation in such forms utilized to the maximum extent feasible, and United States and are otherwise reasonable and denominations bearing such maturities, shall contain information such as the Secre­ and in accord with regulations, including a and subject to such terms and conditions, as tary shall by regulation prescribe. This shall determination that the rate of interest does may be prescribed by the Secretary with the include assurances satisfactory to the Direc­ not exceed such per centum per annum on approval of the Secretary of the Treasury. tor that the applicant is qualified to carry the principal obligation outstanding as the Such notes or other obligations shall bear out the provisions outlined in the applica­ Secretary determines to be reasonable, tak­ interest at a rate determined by the Secre­ tion and that the program will be conducted ing into account the range of interest rates tary of the Treasury, taking into considera­ in cooperation with the planning entity re­ prevailing in the private market for similar tion the current average market yield on ferred to in section 10. loans and the risks assumed by the United outstanding marketable obligations of the SEc. 10. The Director may not approve an States; United States of comparable maturities dur­ application under this Act unless the plan­ (2) the term of a loan for which a guar­ ing the month preceding the issuance of the ning agency referred to in section 314(b) of antee is sought does not exceed fifteen years notes or other obligations. The Secretary of the Public ·Health Service Act, or if there is or such shorter period as the Secretary pre: no such agency or organization, then the scribes; and the Treasury is authorized and directed to purchase any notes and other obligations is­ state planning agency referred to in section (3) he obtains assurances that the appli­ 314(a) of the Public Health Service Act has cant will keep such records, and afford such sued hereunder and for that purpose he is authorized to use as a public debt transac­ been provided an opportunity in accordance access thereto, and make such reports, in tion the proceeds from the sale of any se­ with regulations of the Secretary, to review such form and containing such information, the application and to submit to the Director as the Secretary may reasonably require. curities issued under The Second Liberty Bond Act, as amended, and the purposes for for his consideration its recommendations (b) Guarantees of loans under this sec­ respecting approval of the application. tion shall be subject to such further terms which securities may be issued under that Act, as amended, are extended to include SEc. 11. Payment may be made in advance and conditions as the Secretary determines or by way of reimbursement and at such to be necessary to assure that the purposes any purchase of such notes and obligations. The Secretary of the Treasury may at any intervals and on such conditions as the Di­ of this part will be achieved, and, to the ex­ rector finds necessary. tent permitted by subsection (d), any of time sell any of the notes or other obliga­ tions acquired by him under this subsec­ SEC. 12. Contracts may be entered into such terms and conditions may be modified under this Act without regard to Sections by the Secretary to the extent he determines tion. All redemptions, purchases, and sales by the Secretary of the Treasury of such 364 (b) and 3709 of the Revised Statutes of 1t to be consistent with the financial inter­ the United States (31 U.S.C. 529, 41 U.S.C. 5). ests of the United States. notes or other obligations shall be treated (c) In the case of any loan guaranteed as public debt transactions of the United RURAL HEALTH CARE ADVISORY COMMITTEE under this section, the United States shall States. Sums borrowed under this subsection SEc. 13. There is established a Rural Health be entitled to recover from the applicant shall be deposited in the fund and redemp­ Care Advisory Committee which shall advise, the amount of any payments made pursuant tion of such notes and obligations shall be consult with, and make recommendations to to such guarantee unless the Secretary, for made by the Secretary from such fund. the Director with respect to overall planning, good cause, waives his right of recovery, and, (g) (1) (A) Any loan by the Secretary under policies, objectives and priorities for the upon making any such payment, the United this section shall bear interest at a rate Office of Rural Health and the general ad­ States shall be subrogated to all of the comparable to the current rate of interest ministration of the program created under rights of the recipient of the payments with prevailing With respect to loans which are this Act. The Committee shall consist of respect to which the guarantee was made. guaranteed under subsection (a). eleven members, appointed by the Secretary, (d) Any guarantee of a loan under this (B) No such loan may be Inade unless­ who by virtue of their education, training, section shall be incontestable in the hands (!) the Secretary is reasonably satisfied or experience are qualified to carry out the of an applicant on whose behalf such guar­ that the applicant therefor will be able to functions as members of the Committee. Of antee is Inade, and as to any person who make payments of principal and interest the members so appointed, six shall be Doc­ thereon when due, and makes or contracts to make a loan to such tors of Medicine, one of whom may be a (ii) the applicant provides the Secretary doctor of Osteopathy, knowledgeable in rural applicant in reliance thereon, except for with reasonable assurances that there will fraud or misrepresentation on the part of be available to it such additional funds as health care delivery, one shall be a. Dentist such applicant or such other person. may be necessary to complete the project and the remainder shall be persons who are (e) The cumulative total of the principal with respect to which such loan is requested. recognized authorities in rural health care of the loans outstanding at any time with (C) Any such loan shall have such se­ delivery. The Secretary shall designate one respect to which guarantees have been is­ curity, have such Inaturlty date, be repay­ member of the Committee to be Chairman of sued, or which have been directly made, un­ able in such installments, and be subject to the Committee and the Committee shall meet der this section may not exceed such limita­ such other terms and conditions (including at the call of the Chairinan but not less than tions as may be specified in appropriations provisions for recovery in case of default) four times year. Acts. as the Secretary determines to be necessary (b) (1) The Committee shall conduct a (f) (1) (A) There 1s hereby established in to carry out the purposes of this title while study and shall within eighteen months after the Treasury a rural health care delivery adequately protecting the financial interests its appointment, and annually thereafter, loan guarantee and loan fund (hereinafter of the United States. submit to the Secretary and to the Congress 8279 March 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS a report on the accomplishments of this Act block the import of South African coal inhabitants of Rhodesia. ZANU guerril­ in meeting the goal of increasing the avail­ by the Southern Co. and to organize sup­ las have received training in China, Al­ ability of health care in rural areas and also port for guen·illas in Africa. geria, and Ghana; and claim to have with respect to the need for continued as­ The conference call was initiated bY established "liberated zones" where cadre sistance under the Act. The Committee shall the Southern Conference Educational schools and military training activities include recommendations for legislative and Fund and was endorsed by the African can operate without interference from administrative modifications as it determines Liberation Support Committee, an eclec­ the Rhodesian Government. appropriate to further the purposes of this The terrorist spokesman Ma :vere Act. tic, nationally active coalition of Negro (c) Members of the Committee (other than "cultural nationalists" and Marxist­ called for a boycott of all imports from members who are fulltime officers or em­ Leninists. Southern Africa and noted that while ployees of the United States) shall, while The call was not Yvidely distributed nor a boycott of South African coal would serving on business of the Committee, be publicized, but was sent only to those not greatly affect that country's econ­ entitled to receive a per diem allowance for "who can unite arotmd, first, showing omy, but could act as a "wedge" around grade G8-18 of the General Schedule. Each the connection between the struggles of which international solidarity against member of the Committee, while so serving South Africa. He called for a boycott of away f1·om his home or regular place of workers and oppressed peoples in the business, may be allowed actual travel ex­ United States and Southern Africa; sec­ all Rhodesian products, especially pense and per diem in lieu of subsistence as ond, concrete support fo1· the liberation chrome ores and asbestos, which he as­ authorized by section 5703 title 5 of the struggles in Southern Africa; third, re­ serted would quickly cripple the Rho­ United States Code for persons in the Gov­ lating the coal imports to the cw·rent desian economy. ernment service employed intermittently. crisis of imperialism." The entire conference was marked by The "imperialist press" was not invit­ bickering on minor issues among the ed, nor were representatives of rival major Maoist sects present, especially MAOISTS PLAN ATTACKS ON UTIL­ Communist factions. When alert, patri­ between the October League and the Rev­ ITIES IN SUPPORT OF AFRICAN otic constituents informed me of this olutionary Union. Eventually in a unity TERRORISTS radical meeting and the veil of secrecy move, a position paper prepared by the was pulled away, its organizers responded Atlanta chapter of the ALSC was a-c­ with some Orwellian "doublethink'' that cepted as the basis fo1· future actions. HON. LARRY McDONALD the meetings were not secret, but would Excerpts from this document are OF GEORGIA be open to prescreened reporters who appended. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would agree to 1·eport the conference I want to point out that America's pri~ Thursday, March 20, 19'15 favorably. vately owned public utilities have been the target for a broad range of protest Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Among the groups represented at the Stop the Coal conference were: groups f01· some time. The Southern Co., Speaker, Maoist Communist groups have the sixth largest utility in the United been active against utilities owned by The October League, Marxist-Leninist (OL). States, and its Georgia subsidiary, the the Southern Co. since last summer when The Revolutionary Union (RU) • Georgia Power Co., have-been the target the company announced the signing of Southern Conference Educational Fund of an avowedly socialist group, the a 3-year contract to import coal for use (SCEF). Georgia Power Project, which hopes to in its Florida power generating plants. Workers World Party (WWP). bankrupt the company by organizing Local Maoist groups and coalitions in Iranian Student Association (ISA). mass protests against necessary rate Birmingham, Mobile, and Atlanta imme­ American Committee on Africa (ACOA). hikes and thereby force eventual na­ diately organized demonstrations and African Liberation Support Committee tionalization of the utility as a first step picket lines, in their words, to link "the (ALSC). Black Workers Congress (BWC). toward socialism. struggles of United States and South People's Community Hall, Mobile, Alabama. The Maoist campaign against the util­ African working people against their Selma Project, Birmingham, AL. ity is a part of a similar strategy. BY common enemy, U.S. imperialism." New Orleans Strike Support Committee. stopping the impot·t of lower cost coal, I would note that the Communists' United Farmworkers Support Committee, the Southern Co. will be forced to spend "anti-imperialist" campaigns are based Tampa, Fla. millions of dollars additionally. In a side on Lenin's precept that imperialism is African People's Socialist Party, Gaines­ benefit, the South African coal is low in the "highest stage" of capitalism. ville, Fla. sulfur and relatively nonpolluting, During 1974, the two most vocal or­ Nashville Black Labor Alliance. Student Anti-Imperialist League, Tallahas­ thereby saving the Southern Co. the cost ganizations involved in the coal protests see, Fla. of installing costly emission control were the Birmingham Coalition To Stop Committee for Prisoner Support, Birming­ devices. South African Coal, in which the Revolu· ham, Ala. The various groups at the conference tionary Union plays the leading role; Birmingham Coalition to Stop South Afri- spelled out the goals as educating "the and the Atlanta Stop the Coal Coalition, can Coal. American people about the nature of in which the October League, the chief Malcolm X United Liberation Front, Fla. imperialism; •· "building internationalism l'iv~l of the Revolutionary Union, sets Tallahassee Anti-Repression Coalition. Philadelphia (Pa.) Coalition to Stop among the American workers and peo­ policy. ple;" and developing "the consciousness Among the other organizations active Rhodesian and South African Imports. Baltimore (Md.) Coalition to Stop Rhode­ and fighting ability of the workers, op­ 1n the At:anta Stop the Coal Coalition sian and South African Imports. pressed peoples, and the American peo­ are the African Liberation Support Com­ Tallahassee Socialist Group. ple in general." mittee-ALSC; the Black Labor Action Black Military Resistance League, Norfolk, While the liberal groups targeted for Committee-BLAC; the October League's V a. inclusion in the united front coalition Atlanta Labor Action Alliance-ALAA­ Revolutionary Student Brigade, the RU youth group. did not attend the conference-after it which was formerly known as the At­ had received critical publicity in the lanta Strike Support Committee; the The Organizing Conference to Stop Rome News-Tribune-the Maoist 1·adi­ Southern Conference Educational South African Coal took place in the cals have stated that rank-9-nd-file min­ Fund--6CEF, a former operation of the Phyllis Wheatly YWCA in Southwest At­ ers g~·oups, union officials, consumer Communist Party, U.S.A., which was lanta. The keynote speaker at the con­ groups, and other progressive forces-­ taken over in 1973 by a Maoist-domi· ference was Tapson Mawere, the U.S. such as liberal churches, students, com­ nated coalition; and the self-admittedly representative of the Zimbabwe African munity organizations, et cetera will be socialist Georgia Power Project-GPP. approached for inclusion in the united After a series of preliminary planning National Union-ZANU-who lives in conferences coordinated by SCEF ap• New York City. front coalition. proximately 150 members and supp~rters ZANU. whose leaders proclaim Marx­ It remains to be seen how many of of militant groups who follow the Maoist ism-Leninism-Mao Tse Tung thought the progressive forces will be drawn variety of communism met in closed ses­ as its guiding principles, was formed 1n in to act as the willing dupes of the sions in Atlanta, February 1-2. 1975, to 1963 by a Rev. N. Sithole in Rhodesia. Maoists in their :fight against capitalism organize the structw·e and policies of a Since that time, ZANU has engaged in and support of African guerrillas_ new southwide coalition designed to tenorism against both black and white The excerpts follow: 8280 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1975 MAOISTS PLAN ATTACKS ON UTILITIES IN Initiate among the people a letter cam­ tiful building, which is highly functional SUPPORT OF AFRICAN TERRORISTS paign to Congressmen to Stop the Coal. and serves the Greek community of The attempt of the Southern Company to 3. Mass activity Mobile in a fine way. import South African coal is a direct indi­ Demonstrations at public service commis­ cation of the crisis of imperialism. The re­ Recently, I was invited to return to sions. speak in this magnificent center about sponse to the Southern Company on the part Mass picket lines at the docks, generating of all those who wish to struggle against it, plants, power companies, etc. my trip to Greece last January. I am should be clearly understood as an action Education and agitation by way of forums, most impressed by the tremendous con­ against the capitalist and imperialist sys­ attending community meetings, etc. cern on the part of the Greek people of tem. Imperialism is at the heart of the ex­ 4. Student mobilization my district with t..lJ.e plight of the peoplC1 ploitation of Black workers in South Africa of Cyprus. But even more than that, 1 and the American toiling masses. Our activ­ University students agitation and demon­ ity should be geared to unite as many forces strations against schools holding stock in am impressed about their general inter·· as possible around a conscious, anti-imperial­ Southern Company. est in our country at all levels of govern· ist program. While we do not see it necessary 5. Media exposw·e ment. that all who would initially join the strug­ Radio, T.V. appearances, newspaper arti­ The Greek community of the First gle would be consciously anti-imperialist, cles. The latter should be particularly di­ District of Alabama is made up of good we do see it as our responsibility to give focus rected towards anti-imperialist newspapers citizens. I am proud to claim them as and direction to our work so that everyone as well as those of the liberation movements my friends. If all citizens took as much will be educated as to the oppressive, exploi­ of Southern Africa. tative, and vicM>us nature of imperialism and interest in the affairs of this Nation as 6. Local agitation monopoly capital. As well, the struggle they do, public apathy would vanish against importation of South African coal Letter campaigns challenging power rate overnight. will lead into other areas of the crisis of increases and connecting it With the impor­ imperialism such as unemployment, infla­ tation of the coal. tion, rising prices of utilities in general, na­ Writing Don't Buy the Coal on light bills. SHOWDOWN WITH PUBLIC tional chauvin.ism, political represson, etc. A massive post card campaign against the TELEVISION The responsbility of this combination of importation of the coal. forces is to follow where the logic of the 7. International appeal struggle against imperialism leads, wherever Communication with the United Nations HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY it leads. Committee Against Apartheid to discuss OF MISSOURI It 1s in this spirit that African Liberation combined effort to oppose the importation, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Support Committee, Atlanta, puts forth a etc. concrete program to Stop the Coal! Appeal for support from those progressive, Thursday, March 20, 1975 STRATEGY anti-imperialist African and Asian students Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, public tele­ We aim to expose the imperialist U.S. 1n in the U.S., i.e. Iranian, Ethiopian, and Southern African students. vision has the responsibility to serve, en­ its aggressive plunder, exploitation, and op­ tertain, and educate all segments of the pression of the worlds people at home and STRUCTURAL RECOMMENDATIONS community in which it operates. WNE'l'­ abroad, particularly as manifested in this A Steering Committee to coordinate all South African situation. We would further, necessary communication and all activities TV, as well as other public television in the course of -this, aim to expose the between the five state region, to further de­ stations, has failed in this regard. Its agents of, and the concilitators and collabo­ velop programs, and to publish a bimonthly failure to live up to the purposes for rators with the u.s. bourgeoisie, from the newsletter keeping all members informed of which it was conceived and licensed is State Department to the trade union bu­ developments, progress, etc. incomprehensible, especially when one reaucracy. The Steering Committee would further be realizes that it is financed entirely with we call for the broadest possible combina­ responsible for all liaison activities neces­ public moneys and the contributions of tion of forces to Stop South African Coal, sary between us and the United Nations. citizens in the community which it the composition of which should be from Congressman Diggs, and like forces, func­ all sectors of the population who oppose im­ tioning in the capacity of official spokes­ serves. perialism generally, and who oppose the im­ men. WNET-TV's misinterpretation and portation particularly. We recommend that the Steering Commit­ misunderstanding of its mission is clearly TACTICS tee be elected at the conference, and soon out! ·ned in the dissenting statement of The following tactical recommendations after convene a state-wide conference to or­ Mr. Benjamin J. Hooks before the Fed­ should be accomplished through consistent ganize work around the issue on a state­ eral Communications Commission. A wide basis. copy of his statement follows: well planned oral and written agitation and We further recommend that a state repre­ propaganda, demonstrations, mass mobiliza­ sentative be elected onto the Steering Com­ DISSENTING STATEMENT OF COMMISSIONER tions, forums, media, direct appeals, personal mittee. BENJAMIN L. HOOKS contacts, etc. In Re: WNET-TV, Public Television.• 1. working class and consumers Complaint of the Puerto Rican Media Action To get the longshoremen to refuse to un­ and Educational Council. load the coal. WNET, the radiant jewel in the public GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH OPENS television's crown, is unquestionably a media To engage in direct agitation at the gener­ CENTER ating plans where coal is burned. symbol of sophistication and urbanity whose To get workers to confront their unions to programs I (along with millions of other take a stand against the importation. Americans of every race persuasion, and To appeal to the national and class con­ HON. JACK EDWARDS background) have watched and frequently sciousness of workers, organized and unorga­ OF ALABAMA enjoyed. WNET does not, however, serve the public interest and I cannot put an approv­ nized, in committees and caucuses to actively IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES support the campaign, to educate them as ing imprimatur on its licenseeship by dis­ to the reason for the "conditions of life" of Thursday, March 20, 1975 missing the instant complaint. South African workers and workers in the WNET's glaring deficiencies, its failure to u.s. Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr. live up to the purposes for which it was To organize a campaign among consumers Speaker, on May 5, 1974, it was my pleas­ conceived and licensed, and its gross mis­ in the 5 state area to write Dont Buy South ure to participate in the ground-break­ interpretation of its mission as a "public" African Coal on their light bill. ing of the Hellenic Community Center­ broadcaster could not be better illuminated To make Georgians aware that Georgia the educational and recreational center than by this complaint by Puerto Rican Power Company is indirectly asking them to Media Action and Educational Council of the Annunciation Greek Orthodox (hereinafter, "Council"). The Council's support the oppression and exploitation of Church in Mobile, Ala., along with His black mine workers, by importing the coal. cogent, passionate, and important complaint Gra~e Bishop Iacovos of Catania, Dio­ beams a needed spotlight on what I believe 2. Legislation cesan Bishop; the parish priest, Rev. Fr. to be the central offense committed by a Request that Congresman Diggs, House Dimitrios Simeonidis, the parish pres­ public licensee. WNET's sin, one of arrogance, Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Africa, ident, Mr. Alex H. Zavros; the building is to have concentrated its efforts on one introduce legislation demanding to Stop the minority group, the cultured, white cos­ Coal. committee chairman, Mr. George C. mopolites, and too often neglected the en­ Request that Diggs put before the Con­ Panayiotou; the church benefactors and lightenment of other less fortunate minor­ gressional Black Caucus, the necessity to op­ parishioners. ities which it has a fundamental duty to pose, by every political means, the inlporta­ The center was constructed in rapid tion of the coal. time and is now completed. It is a beau- Footnotes at end of article. IJ1a1"ch 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8281 serve. Because New York, like this nation, Moreover, although I recognize that minor­ $10 million 'independence fund campaign.' •• is nothing but an amalgam of discrete minor­ ity groups do derive great benefit from pro­ more than "$5.2 million of the total" being ities, the highly educated white community grams of mass appeal, Stone, supra, and that raised before the campaign started and that should, indeed, be served by WNET. But, its general public affairs shows cannot always be Ford Foundation matching dollar grants are cun·ent pattern of establishmentarian pre­ broken down into ethnic points of view, expected to yield a "fund of $20 million". domination must cease; the time has come Colttmbus Broadcasting Coalition v. FCC,­ WNET's defense of indigency to the Council for a showdown with public television. U.S. App. D.C.-, 505 F. 2d 320, (1974), there mentioned earlier, cannot be made today In its complaint, the Council contends exists a simultaneous obligation not to ele­ with good faith. In fact, WNET's past fi­ that WNET has failed to provide sufficient vate the general to the unreasonable impov­ nancial limitations are all the more reason programming of particular importance to erishment of significant minority groups. why its inordinately high expenditure on the Hispanic community, has "either ignored United Church of Christ v. FCC, 138 U.S. cultural delicacies was unjustif!.a.ble. If a the Puerto Rican community or failed to App. D.C. 112, 425 F. 2d 543, (1969). Alabama budget is tight, basics must be favored and take into consideration the cultural, linguis­ EducationaL, supra, removed all doubt as to luxuries foregone. VVNET's financial excuse tic or educational needs of the Puerto Rican the transcendant need to go beyond general is a perversion of those priorities. nouveau riche community," 1 and has "consistently refused appeal programming saying: " ... we cannot Perhaps, like some individ­ to produce Puerto Rican programming de­ accept that appeal to the general average of uals we have all known, WNET's recent wealth spite specific demands from the community tastes, intellects, problems, needs and inter­ will cause it to further forget the ordinary for special programs." 2 It is pretty well ests is the one and only way for programming folk tlley originally were established to serve stipulated that the particular Hispanic and decisions to be made. A licensee cannot with and push their social climbing deeper into Latino community described by the Coali­ impunity ignore the problems of significant exclusively high brow latitudes. Or, maybe, tion Is about one and one half million people minorities in its service area." (FCC 74-1385, in addition to callously pursuing an audi­ ln WNET's service area.3 released January 8, 1975, at par. 22). A hint ence ratings battle with commercial broad­ In response to the million-plus Hispanics as to what the courts consider an "expressed casters, public television will become increas­ who look to WNET as their "public" broad­ need", and the magnitude of public dissat­ ingly interested in "checkbook ratings". That casters, WNET asserts that the indictment is isfaction necessary to require the FCC to is, its programs wm be keyed more heavily unjustified, citing some occasional examples dig into programming neglect of a signifi­ to that societal segment affluent enough to of programs of Hispanic interest,4 and seeking cant minority is found in the so-called "for­ donate the "record amounts" of which the to excuse the balance of violations of its mat cases." 8 The "public grumbling" about Wall Street Journal speaks, thereby perpetu­ charter obligations with alleged financial in­ insufficient programming attuned to ex­ ating a form of self-enrichment for which ability.G WNET says that it has "aggressively pressed needs represented by the Coalition commercial broadcasters are repeatedly sought funding for Hispanic programming, is from over one million persons of Spanish scorned. Whatever the truth underlying those but ha.s not been able to develop funding lineage and its views with respect to inade­ two speculative possibilities, it is Informa­ for one specific group from many of its quate minority attention are shared by tive to note that the Wall Street Journal sources." 11 other identifiable minority segments of the article, supra, observes that "(t]he list of The Commission, although, candidly, un­ WNET service area. those who have donated the $5.2 million certain of the appropriate role of contem­ That the principal purpose of public WNET has raised so far reads something of porary public broadcasting, dismisses the es­ broadcasting is to provide an alternative edu­ a Who's Who" (which, quite likely, does sence of the Coalition grievance by a state­ cation media is clear from the legislative his­ not contain a roster of the Puerto Rican ment, which-in view of precedent and past tory of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 Media Action and Educational Council.) With expressions-! don't think it literally intend­ (Public Law 9Q-129, approved, November 7, respect to the Coalition's complaint, the rec­ ed, declaring: "[W)e have consistently held 1967, 81 Stat. 368, 47 U.S.C. § 396 et seq.). ord (note 4, supra) shows that over a three­ that programming which is responsive to the Congressional intent in adopting public month period from November, 1973, to Janu­ needs of a community in general, need not broadcasting's organic statute was: "to assist ary, 1974, (about % of a year), WNET pre­ be shown to be responsive to the particular in establishing innovative educational pro­ sented a lean and sporadic schedule of Span­ needs of each individual group within that grams, to facilitate educational program ish-oriented programming. The only such community."" That statement is an unfor­ availability, and to aid the operation of edu­ program presented on an almost weekly basis, tunate distortion of settled Commission cational broadcasting fac111ties; and to au­ "Realidades," was reduced in presentations policy and the law. Without going further thorize a comprehensive study of instruc­ later that season. Majority Opinion at note 4. back than our En Bane Programming Inquiry tional television and radio." Thus, where the educational and cultural where we specifically admonished licensees H.R. Rep. No. 794, 90th Cong., 1st Ses. 1, needs of the million and one half Hispanics, that they must direct programming to mi­ (1967). The above language, as well as the many of who cannot even speak another lan­ norities, 44 FCC 2303, 2314 (1960), we have Public Broadcasting Act itself confirm that guage, should have been attended to nearly continuously ordered that a licensee cannot education and instruction of excellence was dally because of their great need, WNET short change an expressed need and that the prime objective of government in con­ is fortunate to be able to show barely one, special interest minorities must receive ap­ ceiving this service; not, fundamentally, en­ regular program a week so intended. Compare propriate attention through programming. lightened entertainment.9 The Commission this niggardly apportionment of program We have unequivocally held that "special has reiterated that purpose especially with time to the overwhelming amount of sched­ problems . . . give rise to a need for speclflc regard to minorities by pointing out that uling directed to the white intelligentsia. The programming" to meet those needs. Evening the strength of educational television derives comparison speaks, disparagingly, for itself'. Star Broadcasting Company, 27 FCC 2d 316, "from its ability to be innovative and to serve The manifest unreasonableness of these pro­ 332 (1971); and that "[t]he problems of mi­ significant minority tastes, needs and in­ gramming balances raises questions about norities must be taken into consideration by terests." Ascertainment of Community Prob­ WNET's bona fides and reasonableness call­ broadcasters in planning their program lems by Educational Broadcast Applicants, ing for review. See Programming Policy schedules to meet the needs and interests of 42 FCC 2d 690, 693. "Indeed an argument can Statement, 25 Fed. Reg. 7291 (1960). the communities they are licensed to serve." be made that the educational broadcastE\1." Again, this is not to say that lofty, cul­ Time-Life Broadcast, Inc., 33 FCC 2d 1081, has a very special obligation to serve needs tural programming is not properly Within the 1093 (1972). With specific reference ·to this over and above what is expected of commP.r­ province of public broadcasting. As I said duty by public broadcasters, we recently cial stations inasmuch as the educationBl. at the outset, and not at all facetiously, I said: broadcaster not only receives the benefits have enjoyed many of WNET's presentations. ... educational programming-its respon­ of the public spectrum but also is supported So too, do almost all of the minority citi­ sibilities to minorities within its service area by general public funds, the rationale for zens, Black, Yellow, Browns and White, and are no less important than those of commer­ which is providing special services to the public interest group representatives I've cial broadcasters. Both types of stations do, community." Alabama Educational Televi­ spoken to about public broadcasting. of course, use a valuable public resource, for sion Commission, supra. at note 17. They agree that esoteric fare, spurned by which privilege they are rightly expected to Because it is not primarily responsible the mass-targeted, privately-owned stations, serve the needs of the public. This obligation for the defection of public broadcasting from belongs on public television because it is includes not merely service to the general its charter obligations or its present identity not mass-oriented. From its perpetually low public but also service to significant, dis­ crisis, I do not intend to further chide the ratings, it is evident that WNET's British tinctive minority interests which are not and Commission for WNET's derelictions. The drama, Gennan music, French cuisine, and cannot be as fully served by commercial sta­ chief fault lies in public broadcasting's ab­ Russian Ballet are of interest to a minimal tions. Alabama Educational Television Com­ dication of its role as the "people's television portion of the television audience. mission, -- FCC 2d -, (FCC 74-1385, re­ medium", a medium wholly funded by the I have, over the years, become increasingly leased January 8, 1975, at par. 21} (footnotes public through tax money and citizen con­ disconcerted with the path taken by educa­ omitted). tributions. And, according to a recent article, tional broadcasting and in an address I The courts have ratified that position, Conner, "Public TV Stations Experience No made in 1972, also critical for the same noting that although "[h]ow a broadcast li­ censee responds to what may be conflicting Recessions as Viewers Donate Money In Rec­ reasons set forth herein, I said "your name and competing needs of regional or minority ord Amounts." Wall Street Journal, Janu­ is Legion;" 10 you must serve all the myriad groups remains largely Within its discretion. ary 22, 1975, at 2, col. 1, public broadcasting interests of this diverse society, particularly It may not flatly ignore an expressed and WNET In particular can stop crying pov­ those marglna.lly served by the mass-directed need .••" Stone v. FCC, 151 U.S. App. D.C. erty. In this reportage, 1t 1B stated that commerctal system. I.f public televtston did 145, 157, 466 F. 2d 316, 328 (1972}. "WNET yesterday kicked off an ambitious not suffer a preoccupation with competing 8282 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1975 with commercial broadcasters by stressing its 1 Majority Order at par. 18. USRA PRELIMINARY SYSTEM PLAN version of mass appeal programs and, rather, 2 Id. at par. 20. attempted to narrow its focus on unique s I d. at note 3. IN NEED OF AMENDMENT TO minorities it might find itself doing better. 1 Majority Opinion, Attachment A. SAVE LIGHT DENSITY LINES Perhaps, instead of slick, sophisticated pack­ 6 See the discussion of decidedly contrary ages (many imported), WNET could try description of WNET's fiscal fortunes of late simply supplying capable and interested in this opinion, infra. HON. WILLIAM J. HUGHES Hispanics and other minorities with studio 6 Majority Opinion at par. 18. OF NEW JERSEY space, equipment and some technical exper­ 7 Id. at par. 16. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tise and let some of these groups "do their 8 E.g., Citizens Committee v. FCC, 141 U.S. own thing". Some of the productions-in App. D.C. 109, 436 F. 2d 263 (1970); Citizens Thursday, March 20, 1975 comparison to commercial TV-would Committee to Keep Progressive Rock v. FCC, Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ undoubtedly look amateurish. But, as an 156 U.S. App. D.C. 16, 478 F. 2d 926 {1973). day, March 17, I testified at the Inter­ educational tool, it would be unsurpassed u Throughout this statement I have main­ and it would provide a glimpse into the tained that there is a place on public broad­ state Commerce Commission hearings in ••real" culture an d character o! "real" people, casting for sophisticated entertainment. As Trenton in response to the U.S. Railway the very people who own the public system. President Johnson opined when signing the Association's preliminary system plan as While such programs would cost less (thus Public Broadcasting Act into law: it affects more than 50 miles of rail line alleviating some of public broadcasting's It (P.L. 90-129] announces to the world in the Second District of New Jersey averred financial squeeze), experience has that our Nation wants more than just ma­ which I represent. demonstrated that minorities are uniformly terial wealth; our nation wants more than I was not in Congress last term when interested in programs directed specifico.Uy a "chi< ken in every pot." We in America have the Regional Rail Reorganization Act to them. And, with time, these efforts would an appetite for excellence, too. improve. Excellence is a transportable While we work everday to produce new was passed, but at this time I forsee some description; there can be such a thing as goods and to create new wealth, we want problems that need correction. In a few excellent local studio shows. I love the most of all to enrich man's spirit. months I will propose an amendment to concept of public broadcasting because of This Corporation [for Public Broadcast ing] the act concerning the ratio in subsidy its ability to concentrate on minority con­ will assist stations and producers who aim funding. I will propose a 90/10 instead of cerns. Without attempting to "rub it in", a for the best in broadcasting good music, in the existing 70/30 formula for States reorientation away !rom its current dispro­ broadcasting exciting plays, and in broad­ like New Jersey which can prove that in­ portions to something along the lines I casting reports on the whole fascinating solvency prevents the appropriation of perceive, could not do much to jeopardize range of human activity. It will try to prove its ratings which, at present, are almost that what educates can also be exciting. funds to subsidize light density lines. de minimus. It might even improve those Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu­ The U.S. Railway Association plan, in ratings. But even if gross ratings do not ments, Vol. 3, No. 45 at 1531 (1967). Yet, my estimation, is myopic in that it fails ascend, the public interest in providing the President was also sanguine about the to recognize south Jersey as a growth re­ minority service would be served and that, educational potential of the medium. With gion for metropolitan Philadelphia. If after all, is what an FCC license requires. public television, he hoped and antici­ these light density rail lines are aban­ By styling itself, preponderantly, as an pated: ... great network for knowledge-­ doned the future development of south electronic Harvard liberal arts course,U public not just a broadcasting system, but one that Jersey industry would cease, and exist­ broadcasting has forsaken those less priv­ employs every means of sending and of stor­ ileged and influential whose cultural and ing information that the individual can use. ing small businesses forced to close, add­ educational needs are far more on a "street A famous teacher could reach with ideas ing to an already intolerable level of un­ academy" or community college scale. By and inspirations into some far-off classroom employment. aspiring to titillate the sensib111ties and so that no child need be neglected. Id. It seems absurd that the Senate Fi­ sensitivities of the twentieth century Ren­ 10 "Undertones o! Racism", Educational nance Committee last Friday finalized a aissance man, it has oveTlooked the intellec­ Broadcasting Review, Vol. 6, No. 6, at 387 (De­ tax bailout bill which would save four tual needs and sensitivities of that core of cember, 1972) (reprinted from a speech be­ corporations-American Telephone & the population, which, after years of third­ fore the National Association of Educational Telegraph, Lockheed Airlines, Pan Amer­ rate education and cult ural repression, is Broadcasters, Las Vegas, Nevada, October 31, just emerging from the chains of the 1972). ican Airlines, and Chrysler Corp.-while eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. By dis­ 11 In view of its Anglophllic propensities for lack of a modest subsidy, vital light proportionately featuring the refinements of these days, Oxford or Cambridge might be density lines may be abandoned in my Western European heritage, it has slighted more correct. district a.nd in others under the ConRail those whose heritage derives from Africa, proposal. Latin America and the Orient. Related materials follow: Public television, without the legal or SH...<\MROCKS TO THE MOON moral right to do so, has become the NEWS RELEASE caucasian intellectual's home entertain­ TRENTON, N.J.-The Federal Government ment game. Its at titude toward the Coun­ HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH must be prepared to step in to save railway cil's lament of insufficient programming for OF NEW JERSEY lines that serve small businesses in states, like New Jersey, which claim they can't Latinos is re:fiective of the disdain it has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shown to many Black groups and others. It meet the subsidy-sharing scheme of the throws these disadvantaged people a few Thursday, March 20, 1975 Regional Rail Reorganization Act, U.S. Rep. token bones and, aloofiy, turns its back, William J. Hughes said today. wanting not to "mingle with the masses." Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, earlier this Testifying on a Preliminary System Plan Who then, if not public broadcasting whose week, millions of Americans joined to submitted by the U.S. Railway Association, very reason for being is its great alterna­ honor the Irish and to observe a day set Hughes told an Interstate Commerce Com­ tive promise, will supplement the cultural aside in tribute to their patron, St. Pat­ mission hearing that he would seek to amend and educational offerings of majority in­ rick. Whether we are Irish by birth, by the Act when it is reexamined by Congress stitutions? What media, if not "the people's descent, or in spirit St. Patrick's Day lat er this year. television", wlll explain the complex social, unites us all in the celebration of the "It shall be my intention to seek to au­ financial and political intricacies of New Irish character and culture. thorize a change in the subsidy formula York, the nation and this world? Does public from 70 to 90 percent federal and in very television expect to continue to slough off A constituent, close friend of mine, special cases total federal subsidy should a these responsibilities, wholly or primarily, to and proud Irish American, Mr. 0. Vin­ rail abandonment threaten to cause a seri­ commercial broadcasters? cent McNany of Maplewood, N.J., re­ ous adverse impact on a community." Because these are serious and material cently brought to my attention just how Hughes said that the proposal as sub­ questions of fact relative to WNET's service far the Irish spirit and Irish tradition mitted would abandon six light density lines in the public interest, and because this have spread. To elaborate, let me quote in his district because the state claims it disposition leaves those critical questions does not have the $350,000 a year necessary from the book "To Rule the Night" by As­ as its share for keeping the lines operating. unanswered, I must dissent. tronaut James B. Irwin who walked on FOOTNOTES Those lines, which Hughes said are all in the Moon as part of the Apollo 15 crew: need o! subsidies assistance -to continue *While this statement 1s directed to Since I am Irish and was born on St. Pat­ serving small businesses are: the Toms River WNET-TV inasmuch as its performance, rick's Day, I had planned !rom the time I was to Pinewald 4.1 mile track in Ocean County; from a legal standpoint, is the sole issue be­ first selected for the (Apollo) program in the 3.8 mile Plea~antville to McKee City fore us, the sentiments herein expressed are 1966 to take sharm·ocks to the Moon. track and the 3.9 mile Pleasantvllle to Line­ just as applicable (more or less) to the pub­ wood line in Atlantic County; the 16 mile lic broadcasting establishment generally and So, Mr. Speaker, the shamrock now Glassboro to Vineland track and the 18.2 the individual licensee components thereof. rests on the Moon. mUe Glassboro to Bridgeton line, and finally lVlarch 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8283

a 6.8 mile commuter-freight line from years ahead than my district should this Pre­ County. True, in 1973 it operated at a loss Palermo to OCean City. liminary System Plan become the Final Sys­ or $84,213 or $1,504 per carload. Hughes said that the USRA plan "takes tem Plan. But what is the real loss if the line is an incredibly myopic view of the future of Gentlemen, I will come straight to the abandoned and unsubsidized? South Jersey. The counties of Salem, Cum­ point. The real loss is in the projected 4,000 in­ berland, Cape May, Atlantic, Burlington and This proposal abandons far more than some bound carloads and 15 outbound carloads Ocean all contain large open space areas 50 miles of railway line. It abandons South projected in the next five years by the Jersey and are logical choices for industrial ex­ Jersey industry and threatens to put still Central Power & Light Company at Oyster pansion for the Philadelphia urban area. more people out of work in counties, such as Creek. Add to this a possible nuclear gener­ "This proposal abandons far more than Cumberland, where unemployment is already ating station at Forked River, with another some 50 miles of railway line. It abandons running at the intolerable rate of nearly 17 800 carloads per year through 1978 and con­ South Jersey industry and threatens to put percent. struction work for 3,000 tradesmen, and the still more people out of work in counties, The twin economic disorders of inflation economic impact becomes impressive. such as Cumberland, where unemployment is and recession have taken an enormous toll ATLANTIC COUNTY already running at the intolerable rate of in South Jersey and now, for added meas­ In Atlantic County we have two short nearly 17 percent. ure, we propose to respond by making mat­ "The twin economic disorders of inflation ters worse. lines which, abandoned and unsubsidized, and recession have taken an enormous toll This Preliminary System Plan takes an would almost certainly mean the loss of an in South Jersey and now, for added measure, incredible myopic view of the future of South industrial park and the possible closing of we prepare to respond by making matters Jersey. The counties of Salem, Cumberland, many businesses. worse." Cape May, Atlantic, Burlington and Ocean all The Pleasantville to McKee City track Hughes told the Commission that the sur­ contain large open space areas and are logi­ served by the Pennsylvania-Reading Sea­ vey of freight traffic along the Central New cal choices for industrial expansion for the shore Lines travels a distance of only 3.8 • Jersey and Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Philadelphia urban area. miles. But it serves an industrial park com­ Lines was taken at a time when the South There are already burgeoning industrial plex which expects to add to the firms Jersey area that these lines serve "was and parks in several counties and plans for more. already located there-provided rail service continues to be economically depressed. The If this plan goes through, however, freight is uninterrupted. survey looked to the past and its conclusions, service would be severely curtailed unless the Here there is the possibility of error by not surprisingly, were a self-fulfilling state government-which claims virtual the USRA in its preliminary report. Frank prophesy. bankruptcy~omes up with its share of fed­ Burke, treasurer of the Atlantic City Press "I think we need to consider the future eral-state subsidy moneys. and Chairman of the McKee City Spur Users and recognize that South Jersey ls a logical If the State of New Jersey fails to ante up Committee, plans to challenge at these hear­ growth area for industry. So let us not take its share of subsidy funds to keep vital freight ings the estimated number of 107 carloads actions today which will cut off industria] service operating in rural parts of the state, ·a year serviced by this line. lifelines tomorrow." are we then limited to idly watch as one in­ The total may be three or four times as Hughes made note of the February state­ dustry after another shuts down? great and since the newspaper itself used ment of USRA Board Chairman Arthur I would hope not and will conclude my re­ 83 carloads for its operation, this spur may Lewis who said that federal subsidies were marks with a suggestion on how this might not be nearly as unprofitable as the $227 per sufficient to keep all light density lines in be avoided. carload estimate made in the survey. operation should state and users come forth Perhaps most hlcomprehensible is the fact Even if it were, the point again is the need with their 30 percent. In fact, Lewis said, that the survey of freight traffic along the to consider the long-range growth potential there might be as much as 20 million dollars Central New Jersey and Pennsylvania-Read­ of the service area. in reserve from what the Congress authorized ing Seashore Lines was taken at a time when Termination of the 3.9 mile Pleasantville for subsidy. the whole area these railways service was and to Linewood spur could force Dee Lumber New Jersey officials, however, have claimed continues to be economically depressed. Company, an important employer, out of that the state is broke and won't be able to The survey looked to the past and its con­ business. Herbert Adler has advised me that put up its share of $350,000 to trigger the clusions, not surprisingly were a self-fulfill­ his firm would be unable to price its prod­ release of one million dollars in federal ing prophesy. ucts competitively if rail service was discon­ funds. I think we need to consider the future and tinued. This led Hughes to recommend a 90 per­ recognize that South Jersey is a logical CUMBERLAND- SALEM COUNTIES cent federal, 10 percent state formula to be growth area for industry. So let us not take The Millville branch of the Pennsylvania­ released to states which show evidence that actions today which will cut off industrial Reading Seashore Lines extends for 16 miles they do not have the means to come up with lifelines tomorrow. from Glassboro in Goucester County to Vine­ their 30 percent. REGIONAL RAIL REORGANIZATION ACT land in Cumberland County. Hughes said that the extra $300,000 or I was not in Congress when the Regional Several firms may face economic ruin if slightly more that the federal government Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 was passed. rail service is eliminated. Let me read a typi­ would make available to New Jersey would I am there now and already can foresee that cal letter from Walter R. Sjogren, President be well spent if it meant keeping small in­ it is in need for further amendment. of Whitehead Brothers Company, an indus­ dustries operating, and in the case. of the Barely three weeks ago the U .S.R.A. issued trial sand supplier in Florham Park: Ocean City line, a vital commuter rail service its preliminary plans and set a course for " ... if the railroad is discontinued," he open. these hearings and ultimate Congressional writes, "the cost of finding alternative ship­ "Some of you may have read last Friday approval or rejection by Fall. ping arrangements will be so exorbitant that that the Senate Finance Committee over­ will If the Commission is able to keep to this we not be able to justify continued op­ whelmingly approved a bailout bill in the timetable, it is certain to act as an inspira­ eration at (three) locations." form of multimillion dollar tax cuts for four Continued service along the Bridgeton major corporations. tion to the new ConRail system. I don't pretend to be an expert on rail­ branch from Glassboro to Bridgeton is, if "Tax forgiveness for American Telephone roads or even on the Rail Reorganization anything, even more urgent. This 18.2 miles & Telegraph would amount .to $400 million. A Act. But I do know, after considering the spur passes through three counties-Gouces­ $150 million cut was approved for Chrysler likely possibility of the abandonment of six ter, Salem and Cumberland. Corporation, $65 million for Lockheed Air­ light density lines in South Jersey, that the A 4,000 to 5,000 acre industrial park is craft and $40 million for Pan American Air­ 70 percent federal, 30 percent local subsidy planned along the line near Bridgeton. ways. This, the Committee said, was to make Though considered unprofitable for ConRail, sure these firms do not go under. formula is in need of change. For what will happen if New Jersey fails the line nonetheless generated 1,894 carlop.ds "A nation that is prepared to ball out 1973. to put up the $350,000 it says it hasn't got by USRA estimates in Cessation of serv­ American Telephone & Telegraph can af­ ice would have a devastating effect in the ford to keep light density rail service open to keep those lines not recommended for the three county area. to areas where it is critical to its economic re­ ConRail system operating? Scholick Mills, which relies on railway sup­ covery." The answer is apparent. They will simply plies from the Midwest, would almost cer­ cease to be. tainly shut down. Owner George Scholick Are these lines then so unimportant that STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE WILLIAM J. states it would simply be impractical to at­ their abandonment will go unnoticed? Let us HUGHES AT HEARINGS ON THE U.S. RAILWAY tempt to arrange for 450 trucks to form an look at the six failing lines not recommended ASSOCIATION'S PRELIMINARY SYSTEM PLAN alternative supply line. My office has already for the ConRail system in my district. And, received a petition from nearly 500 farmers Good morning, my name is William J. more importantly, let us consider their po­ Hughes, for the past two months the Con­ who depend on the mill for feed stock. gressional representative of New Jersey's tential as well as their current operating This line also serves, as in Ocean County, Second District which, in geographical terms, losses. a supply link for a nuclear generating plant is very nearly a third of the state. TOMS RIVER TO PINEWALD under construction. This is the facility at No other section of the state stands to loose The Toms River to Plnewald light density Artificial Island in Salem County. more in the way of freight service in the line Is a 4.1 mile Class I track in Ocean I am reminded that in a statement made 8284 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS llfarch 21, 1975 by USRA Board Chairman Arthur D. Lewis do believe that the state and those along the UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG BLACK prior to the release of the Preliminary Sys­ lines should share in the commitment to tem Plan special consideration was to be keep them open. However, I can see circum­ TEENAGERS given to the preservation of rail service to stances that would call for total federal sub­ sources of energy and to the "minimization sidy, at least until an area is back on an of job losses and associated increases in un­ even economic keel. HON. SHIRLEY CHISHOLM employment. We have precedence in such a 90 percent OF NEW YORK On both these counts we can make a. case federal, 10 percent local formula in the con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for continuing the Bridgeton line. struction of our interstate highway system. Thursday, Ma1·ch 20, 1975 OCEAN CITY BRANCH Certainly the continuance of rail service to The sixth and final line not recommended bUSinesses dependent on them is as impor­ Mrs. CffiSHOLM. Mr. Speaker, we for ConRail inclusion is unique. The 6.8 tant as creating a high-speed highway have heard a lot about the rate of un­ mile stretch from Palermo to Ocean City network. employment in this country and the continues its growth despite the need for Let me close by saying that the contin­ problems of those who are suffering the repair as a. commuter link. uance of light density rail service in South Jersey, in the opinion of those who use those consequences of what has become our Commuter use of the ralls should be en­ worst economic crisis in 40 years. couraged yet here where a. successful serv­ lines, is crucial to the economic recovery of ice is growing, we are faced with possible the entire region. Even in times of prosperity, unemploy­ abandonment. They must not be abandoned. And if it is ment has been a major problem among As recently as the week of March 3, a a question of additional funds, I wlll work black teenagers. Now, our current eco­ check of passenger service from Ocean City at the federal level to get them. nomic situation has had catastrophic ef­ to Tuckahoe revealed full accommodations We simply cannot stand the additional fects on that group of ,Americans. with 89 passengers aboard . job layoffs in my district which would cer­ • tainly result from closing these six rail lines We have not paid enough attention to In this case, loss of the freight line also the particular plight of black teenagers signals loss of commuter service. Neither in these economically dlftlcult times. should happen. who want to work and cannot. It is not simply a matter of these young men and SUBSIDY PAYMENTS women not being able to earn "spending Earlier in my remarks I mentioned that I money.'' Rather, it is a problem which would conclude by suggesting how the aban­ SALARY STRUCTURE OF VA donment of these lines could be avoided. PHYSICIANS affects many black families as well. A Returning for a moment to the Regional good number of black teenagers con­ Rail Reorganization Act, Section 401(a.) tribute their income to the operation of a states that rail service continuation subsi­ HON. DALE MILFORD household. With the high number of dies should be used where "the cost to the OF TEXAS single-parent families in black commu­ taxpayer of rail continuation subsidies would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nities, most of them headed by women, be less than the cost of abandonment of rail Thursday, March 20, 1975 unemployment of these families' teens is service in terms of lost jobs, energy shortage tantamount to having an unemployed and degradation of services." Mr. MILFORD. Mr. Speaker, the qual- father. It is not enough to talk about Yet what happens in states-like New Jer­ sey-which profess an inability to contribute ity of medical services within veterans' making summer jobs available to these 30 percent of the cost toward keeping the hospitals is a valuable one that must be teenagers; many of them seek and need lines operating? maintained in every way possible. In the full-time permanent jobs. USRA Board Chairman Arthur Lewis may future, we shall be considering legisla- l found this news analysis by Herring­ have provided us with an answer last month tion wed. 000) of the past five years has been tanta­ mount to a yearly salary reduction-and has per cent over the last year. Nearly 400,000 To become eligible for these moneys, a state black youths (41.1 per cent o! their· labor would have to satisfactorily prove evidence prompted many top-notch physicians to seek force) are pounding the streets looking for of its insolvency-rather than an unw1lling­ employment elsewhere. work. 2. We have, in recent years, been extremely ness-to contribute toward the cost of keep­ It may come as a surprise to many, but the ing light density lines in operation. successful in recruiting superb physicians I would hope that the Interstate Commerce into the VA. This entire picture is rapidly rate of unemployment among black teen­ Commission might give thought to support­ changing because of our salary restrictions. agers has always been intolerably high. Even ing such a. formula revision. 3. It is pointed out by various concerned in good times, ss.y in 1969, when the overall persons in Congress that there is no "ground­ unemployment rate was 3.5 per cent, the Some of you may have read last Friday black teen-age unemployment rate was 24 that the Senate Finance Committee over­ swell of publlc opinion" in support of cor­ rective legislation. It is clear that such will per cent. Furthermore, ever since the middle whelmingly approved a bailout bill in the '60s the black teen-age unemployment rate form of multimillion dollar tax cuts for four not be forthcoming, but on the other hand, it completely escapes me as to why this is has been more than twice that of their white major corporations. counterparts. Ever since the 1957-1958 reces­ Tax forgiveness for American Telephone & even remotely to be considered a. political issue. This type of problem must be decided sion, at least a fourth of all black teen-agers Telegraph would amount to $400 million. A have been unemployed. $150 million cut was approved for Chrysler upon merit, not public opinion; clearly very Corporation, $65 million for Lockheed Air­ few people would rally to the cause of a We did not get to the 41 per cent unem­ craft and $40 million for Pan American Air­ group making $36,000, but this in no way ployment rate in one big leap. It should not ways. This, the Committee said, was to make have been a surprise. Knowing that teen-age diminishes our need. Many lay persons are unemployment climbs rapidly in a recession, sure these firms do not go under. simply not as well informed regarding such we should have expected it as part of the The $1 million, $350,000 to save light den­ issues as are our elected officials and to re­ overall :rorecast of an 8 plus general unem­ sity lines in New Jersey and the hundreds fuse to consider this on such grounds would ployment rate. Moreover, during the year the of customers they serve palls by comparison. reveal an appalllng lack of sensitivity to the black teen-age unemployment rate worsened A nation that is prepared to provide wel­ nature of the grievance. steadily month by month, but nobody no­ fare to the wealthy can save the small busi­ 4. This is a. matter of extreme urgency. ticed. It was 34.5 per cent in October, 36.9 nesses dependent on ran service. S. EISENBERG, M.D., per cent in November, 37.7 per cent in De­ I would prefer a 90 to 10 split because I Chief, Medical Service. cember and, then the jump to 41.1 per cent March 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8285 in January. And figures seriously underesti­ private sector's commitment is to higher this time, I would like to extend my per­ mate the gravity of the problem. Black teen­ profits. This is frequently attained merely sonal congratulations to Mrs. Watrous agers are accelerating the pace at which they by increasing prices. Sometimes it is attained and her family and wish her a very leave the labor force. Between 1973 and 1974, by firing or furloughing workers which only 'happy birthday. alone, the number of black teen-agers who increases the unemployment rate. left the labor force in disgust and convinced It is true that full employment is a neb­ that they could not .find jobs more than ulous concept. But it does change priorities. doubled. These discouraged youths are not It directs and mobilizes the government to counted among the unemployed. find jobs. Furthermore, when the economy is THE EXTENSION OF VISAS TO And the problem is not only in the poor fully employed blacks, women, teen-agers CHILEAN POLITICAL PRISONERS sections of our cities. At the close of last and unskilled workers do relatively well. His­ year, the unemployment rate for black teen­ torically, their wages rise faster than those agers living in the poor sections of our met­ of very skilled workers. They do well because HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON ropolitan areas was 43 per cent compared employers, faced with a pressing need to in­ OF MASSACHUSETTS to 34 per cent in the non-poor areas. Even crease their output to meet a rising demand, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES black teen-agers outside of the large cities find it too costly to discriminate or to put have an intolerably high rate. More than one unrealistic requirements on who they hire. Thursday, March 20, 1975 fourth of them are unemployed. And most Admittedly, education is no panacea--one Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, the are not eligible for unemployment insurance fifth of all black family heads who are poor State Department has approached Con­ even under the new expanded program; for had at least a high school education. A black many are not part of the experienced labor who has finished high school makes no more gress with a proposal to admit Chilean force, and many quit voluntarily or did not than a white who finished eighth grade and political refugees to the United States. work long enough to qualify. one who has finished college makes no more Traditionally, visa quotas are waived so The unfortunate part about all this is that than a white college dropout. All this aside, that citizens victimized by their own we have consistently belittled the problem of education is important. Most black teen­ country can have a safe haven. Hence, high black teen-age unemployment. The agers ought to be in school rather than in the State Department's suggestion, be­ argument persisted that teen-age unemploy­ the labor market. The sad reality of black teen-age life is sides having merit as a humanitarian ment was not all that important. It was the act, acknowledges that the Chilean junta male head of the household who was impor­ that it lacks viable alternatives. White teen­ tant. The error in this chauvinism is that agers also leave the labor force. But they is violating the human rights of its nearly 34 per cent of black families as com­ have some place to go. They are enrolling countrymen. pared to 10 per cent of white families are in colleges and in the military in increasing It is now up to the Congress to follow with a female head and this fact is especially numbers. Many go home to parents who are the State Department lead. Until the poignant with poor black families; 64 per not economically strapped. leaders of the Senate and House Judici­ cent are female-headed. Unfortunately, as the teen-age unemploy­ ment rate rises, blacks will have to compete ary Committees endQrse the plan, it will The point is that black teen-agers contrib­ not be implemented. Unfortunately, the ute significantly to the earnings of their more intensely for entrance into colleges families. While their median income is just which is a newfound hope. As the supply implications of congressional veto go far over $600 per year, this is just under one­ of potential students and soldiers swells with beyond this single issue. If Congress fails tenth of the income of the average black young whites who are leaving the work force to demonstrate sensitivity to this human family. Such a proportion is critical in low­ in search of alternatives, there will be a rights issue, the State Department will income black families. Furthermore, 20 per strong incentive for college and military have a mandate to ignore any number of cent of low-income black famllies have more recruiters to screen out blacks either on similar situations, especially those in­ than one wage earner. Who are these other the basis of qualification or discrimination. The black teen-ager will continue to fall volving Chile. earners? Many are teenagers. This is no idle speculation. In a matter The situation is substantially different behind. among white low-income families. Poverty in of weeks, the so-called Paris Club will this group relates more to the elderly than meet to consider rescheduling the lt does among blacks where poverty is the SHE TELLS IT THE WAY IT IS! Chilean debt falling due this year. While plight of people who have children. other creditor nations have expressed It is not only in respect to their contribu­ willingness to tie repayment terms with tion to family income that black teen-agers' HON. RONALD A. SARASIN the junta's efforts to improve the qual­ work is important, but also with respect to OF CONNECTICUT ity of human rights in Chile, the United their future. Teen-age employment provides IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES work experience, it provides an early oppor­ States negotiators appear oblivious to the tunity to select professions, to develop proper Thursday, March 20, 1975 possibility of extracting a fair exchange for reconsideration of an outstanding work attitudes, and to obtain an exposure to Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, I would new friends. Little wonder that we find that debt. after years of being beaten around in the like to take this opportunity to honor With this as background, the Chilean labor force, blacks develop high labor market Mrs. Bertha Watrous of Waterbury, visa question currently· under considera­ turnover rates. We destroy proper work atti­ Conn., who is celebratinr; her 100th tion is all the more critical. Conse­ tudes at the outset. birthday on March 24. Mrs. Watrous was quently, I urge my colleagues to read the What can be done? Many call for summer born in 1875 and brought up in Bantam, AP story by George Gedda that follows: employment for youth. The United States Conn., on a farm where she spent most Conference of Mayors is asking for approxi­ of her life. Her contributions to her UNITED STATES WANTS To ADMIT REFUGEES mately 1.2 million summer jobs for their country include raising a daughter and FROM CHILE urban youth. Laudable, but for blacks this The State Department is weighing a plan misses the point. The seriousness of black an adopted son and providing help dw·­ under which the United States would accept teen-age unemployment is year-round. It ing the war rolling bandages for the in­ as political refugees several hundred Chile­ has been 38 per cent or more during these jured abroad. ans either jailed in Chile or living in exile winter months. I am pleased to say that I will be visit­ in Peru. Public service employment? Yes, but the ing Mrs. Watrous, who still enjoys ex­ While there are thousands of refugees in number of jobs to be provided by the cur­ cellent health and plays the piano. Her the United States from Communist coun­ rent public service employment program is family has grown to include 3 grand­ tries, congressional sources said there is no so small that it will not have an appreciable children, 7 great-grandchildren and 12 precedent for the large-scale entry o! per­ effect even on the adult unemployment rate. sons from nations under rightist rule. Faced with a choice, employers will (as they great-great-grandchildren. Those who Assuming the plan does not encounter must) choose adults--not teen-agers. live with her at the Whitewood Manor opposition !rom congressional leaders, the Many suggest training. But during all the home will attest to the fact that this State Department is expected to recommend­ training and placement activities of the '60s, spunky little lady still tells it the way to the a.ttorney general that about 400 Chile­ the black teen-.age unemployment rate was it is. ans and their dependents be permitted to 25 per cent or better. This is not to say Her life and good humor provide an come here as refugees. that we do not need these programs. We example for all Americans. Mrs. Watrous The initiative appears to reflect State De­ need a more intensified and a more sophisti­ has. seen national economic difficulty, partment sensitivity to congressional charges cated effort than those of the 1960s. that American foreign policy lacks a human Naive as it may seem, I believe that com­ maJor world wars, death and destruction rights dimension. mitment (money and policy) 1s what it 1s and she remains candid and optimistic Hundreds of Chilean refugees have been all about. The fact is that in our economy about people and their ability to summon received by other Latin American and West neither the private nor the public sector has all the resources and talents necessary European countries, and State Department any commitment to tull employment. The to solve our multitude of problems. At officials say the United States has a responsi- 8286 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March .21, 1975 bility to aid certain categories of Chileans 2. A majority of women work because of SouacE.-U.S. Department of Commerce, who have been unjustly victimized by politi­ economic need. About three-fifths of all Bureau of the Census; U.S. Department of cal events in that country. women workers are single, widowed, divorced, Health, Education, and Welfare, National Under the plan, potential refugees would or separated, or have husbands whose earn­ Center for Social Statistics; U.S. Department be screened to ensure that no leftist mill:. ings are less than $7,000 a year. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics and tants are granted entry. Jailed Chileans with 3. More than 35 milllon women are in the Wage and Hour Division, Employment Stand~ only a tenuous relationship with the ousted labor force; they constitute nearly two-fifths ards Administration. regime of President Salvador Allende would of all workers. Some 4.5 million women of be the most likely candidates for refugee minority races are in the labor force; they EXCERPT FROI\i THE STATEI\1ENT OF status. constitute more than two-fifths of all minor­ NANCY PERLMAN The government of President Augusto ity workers. There is a brochure put out by the Pinochet has agreed t o release certain polit­ 4. More than half of all ·women 18 to 64 Women's Bureau entitled "Twenty Facts on ical prisoners on the condition that another years of age are workers. Wome!l Workers" which ought to be required country is willing to accept them. 5. About one-fourth of all women workers reading for all policy-makers. As the pam­ Another category of would-be refugees in­ hold part-time jobs. phlet points out, women work out of eco­ volves those Chileans who fied to Peru for 6. \'Vomen accounted for three-fifths of the nomic necessity. TWo-thirds of all women fear of arrest following Allende's downfall increase in the civilian labor force in the workers are either single, divorced, widowed, and death. Peru agreed to accept several last decade. or separated, or their husbands earn less thousand such refugees but on a temporary 7. Labor force participation is highest than 7,000 a year.. Working wives employed basis. among women 18 to 24 and 35 to 54 years of full-time year-round contribute almost two­ Numerous independent commissions have age; the median age of women workers is 36 fifths of their families' income. Twelve per­ visited Chile during the past 18 months and years. cent of these working wives contribute half most have concluded that there have been 8. The more education a woman has, the or more to the family income. They are systematic violations of human rights, in­ greater the likelihood she will seek paid em­ working to put food in their childrens' cluding torture. However, some independent ployment. More than 3 out of 5 women 45 mouths and to pay the rent. observers who have visited the country in to 54 years of age with 4 or more years of Those with the most serious problem are recent months have said the situation has college are in the labor force. the female heads of households, a large and Improved considerably. There are no precise 9. The number of working mothers (women growing group. Between 1960 and 1972, the estimates of the number of political prison­ with children under 18) has increased about number of households dependent upon ers in Chile but American officials believe ninefold since 1940. They now number 13.0 women increased 56%, from 9.5 million to there are about 5,000. million, an increase of 3.7 million in the last 14.8 million. A very large portion of these decade. are due to the accelerated rate of separation 10. The 4.8 million working mothers with and divorce. Studies point out that after children under 6 in 1973 had 6.0 mllllon chil­ two years, child support and alimony pay­ SEX DISCRIMINATION IN VOCA­ dren under 6; the estimated number of ments are either completely absent or se­ TIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS licensed day care slots is 920,000. verely reduced. This means that many women 11. Women workers are concentrated in are the only source of income for their low-paying dead end jobs. As a result, the families. Of low-income fam111es 43% are HON. PETER A. PEYSER average woman worker earns less than three­ headed by working women, and the median OF NEW YORK fifths of what a man does, even when both income for such fam11ies in 1971 was $5,116, work full time year round. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES less than half the income of male-headed 12. Unemployment was lowest for white families. As always, minority women face Thursday, March 20, 1975 adult males (2.9 percent) and highest for the most serious problem. Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, sex dis­ minority teenage girls (34.5 percent) in 1973. While some 11% of all U.S. familles are White adult women, 4.3 percent. female-headed, among Black families 34% crimination is a waste. Regretfully, it Minority adult men, 5.7 percent. are female-headed. Among Puerto Rican, continues in employment practices de­ Minority adult women, 8.2 percent. 32.2% are female-headed, and among Chi­ spite much effort of Government and White teenage boys, 12.3 percent. cano, 13.4% are female-headed. many businesses to put an end to it. White teenage girls, 13.0 percent. The phenomena of female-headed minority Last Monday a significant step was Minority teenage boys, 26.9 percent. families has always existed, but as a study taken toward ending this wasteful prac­ 13. Among all families, about 1 out of 8 done by the Community Council of Greater tice. The House Subcommittee on Ele­ is headed by a woman; almost 3 out of 10 New York indicates, lt is a growing trend. mentary, Secondary and Vocational Edu­ black families are headed by women. Of They report that in the last decade there all women workers, 1 out of 10 is a family was an 89% increase in black female-headed cation, chaired by my colleague from head; 1 out of 5 minority women workers households, and a 100% increase in Puerto Kentucky

VOLUNTEER-oR ELSE winced at some of the jibes but thoroughly TQ those who understand the laws of Numerous remedies are being advanced enjoyed the show. economics and who are familiar with the Mrs. Mesta remained in Luxembourg for as popular solutions to this crisis. The ef­ energy industry, such a prediction was an forts by utility and petroleum companies to three months after Eisenhower became pres­ easy task: Government interference in ident. Before her departure Grand Duchess restrict sales voluntarily is lauded as being the economy had made a crisis inevitable. in "the public interest," for it is placing Charlotte of Luxembourg presented her with Now, a year and a half after the oil the Grand Cross of the Crown of Oak, the civic duty above mere profit-making. duchy's highest honor. embargo and after the extent of the crisis Through "educating" the consumer to con­ The biggest party of her career as a hostess became clear to the American people, the sume less, it is believed, the demand for was probably her party in London during the Federal Government is still trying to fig­ energy resources can be lessened. coronation of Elizabeth n in 1952. It drew ure out what to do about it. They do not Should such efforts fail, the ultimate remedy suggested is direct governme~t regu­ everybody from the Crown Prince and Prin­ know what to do because they are unable cess of Norway, Prince Bernhard of the lation of consumption by bureaucratic ra­ or unwilling to identify the cause, since tioning. Such an alternative is not idle the­ Netherlands and lords and ladies of England, this would require admitting that the to Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. Mrs. orizing. The Federal Government has made Mesta called it her greatest party, although Government was at fault and lead to a it clear that if "voluntary" methods fail, it her convention extravaganzas in Chicago in return to a free-market economy. Con­ intends to move in. Confronted with a pic- the Blackstone Hotel in 1952 and again in sequently most of the proposals put forth . ture of individuals glutting themselves on 1956 are still remembered among the best by the Government deal with reducing scarce economic resources and ravaging the consumption, not increasing production. earth of all its riches, there appears to be ever given. no alternative but to turn to collective, One of the great surprises of her life oc­ It is never too late, however, for Gov­ forceful action, complete with penalties for curred before she left Luxembourg, when she ernment officials to recognize their fault transgressions. The state at this point is seen received an official invitation to visit the then and take corrective action. To do this as the only means available to force an ad­ restricted Union of Soviet Socialist Republics requires an identification of the causes Mrs. Mesta wanted to take a friend with her justment to the reality of scarcity rather of the energy crisis. A good place to start than endless abundance. on the trip but the Russians did not allow Once again we see the threat o! govern­ that. So she went alone equipped with a is the following article by Robert G. Anderson, which appeared in the August ment intervention in order to remedy the camera, four dozen rolls of film and a little ill effects of an earlier government interfer­ black notebook, which she scratched in 1973 issue of the Freeman. Not only does ence. The so-called "energy crisis" is a direct whenever possible and hid in her bosom. She Mr. Anderson provide an excellent consequence of earlier government intru­ managed to visit a steel plant that no Amer­ analysis of the nature and causes of the sions into the free market pricing process. ican had seen since the war and other points energy crisis, but he does it several To expect any good to come from further of interest barred to American diplomats. months prior to the oil embargo. government intervention at this point is to After leaving Russia, she wrote a series of The article follows: believe that a person just run down by a articles for the New York Herald Tribune truck would get relief if the truck backed about her visit. THE ENERGY CRISIS over him again. The doughty dowager then took speech (By Robert G. Anderson) Market economics has always recognized lessons, had some help in composing lecture, The doomsday cultists of the mature econ­ the problem of scarcity. Indeed, it is the memorized it and went on the lecture cir­ omy seem to be at it again. These omni­ sole basis for the science of economics. An cuit. In 1955 she picked up more material present talismen of doom, so eager to have us individual's capacity to want is insatiable, for her lectures by traveling around the return to a pre-industrial society of agrar­ but possessing only a limited ability to ful­ world. Her experiences on that trip included ian primitivism, have found new fodder for fill his wants, the individual is never able a riot in Saigon which she described in their propaganda campaign. to satisfy all of them. Clearly, choices must breathless detail in her later talks. The incentive for their most recent burst be made and resources allocated toward the The same year she moved into "Les of gloom has been the scare value of the cur­ accomplishment of those chosen ends. The Ormes" in Wesley Heights with her sister rent "energy crisis." Responding to publi­ Margaret and brother-in-law George Tyson. process by which this is done is the con­ cized shortages in the energy field, certain cern of economics. It became the scene of more parties that were ecologists insist we are exploiting our re­ While a market system of economic organi­ noted for, and sparked by, the bringing to­ sources so rapidly that shortly there will be zation cannot eliminate the problem of scar­ gether of political opponents. (The name of nothing remaining. Future generations, we the house was changed to the English trans­ city, it has demonstrated its superiority over lation, "The Elms," when it was purchased are told, will surely perish unless something all other systems of economic organization by Vice President Lyndon Johnson.) In the is done. in reducing the degree of relative scarcity. Such pessimism has been fueled by the The emergence of a social division of labor meantime, her life was dramatized on tele­ confusion surrounding_ the rather unortho­ vision's "Playhouse 9," with Shirley Booth and concomitant price system has resulted enacting the hostess role. dox behavior of firms which are admonish­ in attaining the highest degree of efficiency in Never one to mince words, Mrs. Mesta de­ ing customers for excessive use of their serv­ allocating resources toward the satisfaction serted the Democratic Party in the 1960 ices. Instead of seeking new customers to o! human wants. election and campaigned for Richard Nixon. consume more of their services, there now Within the framework of a market-struc­ Her invitations to the White House ended is a concerted effort toward encouraging non­ tured society the allocation of economic goods abruptly and were not resumed until John­ consumption. is accomplished through prices established son became president, when she was again This is, to say the least, a radical depar­ by the actions of buyers and sellers. This invited to the White House and was taken ture from traditional marketing practices. interaction between supply and demand is back into fold of the Democratic Party. Yet, witness the electric utility company never static, and thus there is a continually Mrs. Mesta wound up her active, colorful urging customers to "turn off the lights," changing price structure. As greater quanti­ life entertaining on a smaller scale in her and the natural gas company refusing to ties are demanded or supplies dwindle, prices apartment at the Sheraton Park. service new customers and reminding old tend to rise; conversely, prices tend to fall She is survived by her brother, William ones to "turn down the thermostats." More when lesser quantities are demanded or Skirvin of Oklahoma City, her nephew Wil­ recently the petroleum companies, acting when supplies increase. Free market prices liam Tyson, and her niece; Mrs. Lewis Ellis, under orders from the Federal Oil Policy are constantly adjusting in order to bring both of Washington. Committee, have adopted "voluntary-alloca­ toward equilibrium these opposing forces o! tion plans," resulting in limiting customer supply and demand. purchases of gasoline and early closings of It is these free market prices t hat direct THE ENERGY CRISIS retail gasoline stations. the actions of buyers and sellers. As long Further complicating the crisis are those as buyers and sellers are free to act, as ecologists, who, seeing a growing problem of long as the price mechanism is uninhibited, HON. LARRY McDONALD pollution, hamper and harass all efforts to economic goods will be allocated in a fash­ OF GEORGIA expand supplie~ of energy, and plead for re­ ion that will always assure their availabil­ strictions on the use of existing energy re­ ity to anyone wishing to enter the market . I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sources. Supply will always tend toward equilibrium Thursday, March 20, 1975 Indeed it would seem that the enemy is with demand. the consumer, whose excessive wants have SERVING WILLING BUYERS Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. finally exceeded all normal limits and have Speaker, many people are led to believe This phenomenon of an equilibrium price, threatened to deplete a precious national of course, has not eliminated the problem of that the Energy Crisis began in late 1973 inheritance. Unless these consumers are scarcity. Instead, it can only assure that at the time of the Arab oil embargo. But somehow convinced to temper their con- scarce goods will always be available to will­ in fact the crisis had been building up sumption, there 1s the danger that such ing buyers. Prices serve as a means of allo­ for • years and had been predicted shortages will occur as to spell final disaster cating these scarce resources to those buyers repeatedly by industry spokesmen. for the lot of us. who value them more highly than do others. 8290 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1975 The justice of the free market lies in the the prices of energy resources to rise. But Few industries failed to feel the pressures fact that the most efficient sellers will pre­ ecologists can no more hamper price move­ of the government price freeze; but the vail in supplying scarce resources to the ments than can any other private individuals. petroleum industry, along with other capi­ buyers who most urgently seek these re­ In the same context, forces such as import tal-intensive industries, felt the heaviest sources over all other potential buyers. Such quotas, declining exploration, production pressure. Inflation always inflicts the sev­ a system is in a continual state of flux as controls on producing wells, tax depletion al­ erest damage on industries with a heavy new buyers and new sellers supplant one lowances, agreements between refineries and capital investment in their productive another and cause prices to correspondingly dealers, and even possible secret cartels have processes. rise and fall. been advanced as the causes of our present The capacity of such capital-intensive in­ The present "energy crisis" stems not from crisis. Valid charges or not, any or all of these dustries to calculate their economic costs is a problem of economic scarcity, but instead factors can affect only the quantities of en­ seriously hampered by inflation. Further­ from nonmarket forces which are interfer­ ergy resources supplied, and thus the ulti­ more, the erosion of capital resources by in­ ing with free market prices, and thus caus­ mate market price. None of them, any more flation discourages future productive ef­ ing shortages to develop. The problem of than the ecologist, can cause market dis­ forts by such industries. Accurate economic economic scarcity is pi"esent in nearly every equilibrium in the form of shortages. calculation becomes nearly impossible. situation of our lives. We are not in an SHORTAGES FROM PRICE-FIXING Thus, a government-imposed price freeze "energy crisis" now because energy is scarce, Shortages are a result of price-fixing by on the heels of a government-engineered in­ but rather because there is a "shortage" of government interference in the market place. flation made a petroleum shortage inevitable. it. Shortages are inconceivable in a free Specifically, the government, through both A combination of factors pressuring for an market structure; but they do occur when­ upward movement of prices only worsened ever free market methods are abandoned. direct and indirect methods, has been suc­ cessful in preventing the prices for energy the disequilibrium: the peculiarly sensitive The competitive actions of buyers and resources to rise. financial position of the industry to infla­ sellers in a free market system precludes any tionary pressures; ecological forces affecting threat of shortages. The very essence of The developing energy shortage has been their capacity to increase supplies while at price allocation negates the development of growing for a long period of time in the the same time increasing the consumption shortages. A greater relative scarcity of a utility industries. The reason is obvious when of the product; and heavier consumption on good in a free market situation will inevi­ we realize that direct price regulation by account of a diversion of demand from the tably lead to higher prices as buyers bid government has existed far longer in this natural gas and electric power industries. area of our energy resources than within the against one another for the shrinking sup­ petroleum industry. Obviously, had petroleum prices been com­ ply. For shortages to occur, some nonmarket pletely free to respond to these changing State public utility commissions, the Fed­ force must be introduced to create the facts and conditions there would be no threat eral Power Commission, and other govern­ disequlllbrium. of shortages. However, the petroleum indus­ The "energy crisis" is an example of such ment regulatory commissions have direct try like the utility industry, having lost its interference. Of course energy resources are authority over rates charged for energy by entrepreneurial freedom to resolve the dis­ scarce; that is conceded. They always have electric power and natural gas companies. equilibrium through the price mechanism, been, and they always will be scarce. But Unfortunately, these commissions mistakenly found itself pleading with its customers to the current shortages in the market have assumed low rates to be in the best interests "not buy." of consumers of energy resources. Under the led many people to believe that we have THE "SOLUTION" IS THE PROBLEM encountered something worse than scarcity; misguided notion that low prices for energy­ all of a sudden there is a specter of a well rather than equil1brium prices-benefited The real cause for concern at this point is running dry. the consumer, little attention was given to not the "energy crisis" so much as it is the the developing disequil1brium between en­ solution the government will undertake to MISUNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES ergy supplies and energy dexna.nded. "solve" the problem of the shortages. Rather Popular remedies being suggested are fur­ For many years the disequilibrium has than admit the failure of government price ther confused by a misunderstanding of the been absorbed in the capital structures of interference and allow the free market to causes of the problem. Certain forces which utility companies. This consumption of ac­ once again achieve equilibrium between have contributed to an increase in the rela­ cumulated capital, with its ensuing financial supply and demand, the government more tive scarcity of energy, and other forces which weakening of the utility companies, gradually likely will propose the adoption of rationing. have contributed to an increased demand for affected their capacl"ey and willingness to The allure of rationing seems to be based energy, are now being blamed for causing the attract capital for expansion of their energy on an egalitarian ideal which rejects the shortages of energy resources. Such is not resources. Production of energy became mar­ price system as a discriminatory relic of eco­ the case, for under conditions of an un­ ginal, if not entirely uneconomic. nomic inequality, and thus not suitable as a hampered xna.rket these forces would be re­ At the same time, demand for energy at means for the just allocation of resources. flected in a changing price structure. Only the low rates continued to expand until the Regrettably, this egalitarian doctrine attracts direct interference with free price movements inevitable disequilibrium developed. Energy many supporters and is one of the leading can cause the shortages. was being supplied in shorter quantities than threats to the survival of individual liberty. A leading example of a force not responsi­ were being demanded. Since additional The concept of rationing is predicated on ble for causing the energy shortage, but cer­ quantities could not be supplied without an archaic and totally refuted objective tainly a factor affecting its supply and de­ incurring losses (at the low rates imposed theory of value, yet its philosophical appeal mand, is radical ecology.1 Ecology is fre­ on ut111ty companies by the government com­ has had an overwhelming influence in our quently blamed as the primary cause of the missions), these companies had no recourse political affairs. The notion. that an equal dis­ ..energy crisis." As proponents for the preser­ but to deny service and to urge less use by tribution of goods to individuals will provide vation of natural resources, the ecologists their customers. equal utility is a complete denial of modern have in many instances been successful in The failure of the utility industry to meet theory of subjective value; but government curtailing supplies of energy resources by the full market dexna.nd for energy require­ rationing still insists on the allocation of re­ hampering the construction of new oil re­ ments had a "spill-over" effect on the petro­ sources in this fashion. fineries, electric generating plants, drilling leum industry. Customers, fearful that elec­ If selective rationilng o! energy resources operations, and pipe lines. Their efforts at trical power and natural gas supplies would should materialize, the consequences are preserving resources in their natural state, by be unavailable to them, sought greater quite predictable. The decline of profit mar­ harassment of utilities and petroleum com­ quantities of fuel oil from the petroleum gins will result in a capital shift away from panies, have undoubtedly restricted present industry to meet their energy requirements. such industries, and this wlll lead to addi­ supplies. Ironically, their success in forcing TWO BLOWS AT ONCE tional shrinkage of supplies. Since capital automobile manufacturers to equip engines always moves away from low-profit indus­ with emission-control devices has greatly in­ Unfortunately, this increased demand upon tries and into higher-profit industries, future creased the demand for gasoline. (Presently the petroleum industry occurred at a time production of energy resources must decline. these devices consume an additional three when price controls on their industry had The low prices imposed by government edict million gallons of gasoline daily.) just been introduced. While the method of will ultimately be meaningless as, finally, no While a paradox can readily be seen be­ price regulation has been less direct than supplies will be produced at all by private that experienced in the utility industry, the companies. tween thelr efforts at preservation on the one problems created are similar. hand, and the wasteful results of their efforts The historical response to this development After many years of a government-imposed has always been the same. Whenever govern­ regarding pollution on the other hand, the inflation of our money supply and resulting fact remains that their actions cannot be ments have finally succeeded in making a higher and higher prices, a government pro­ productive service completely uneconomic held accountable for the current energy gram of price controls was inevitably shortage. It is certainly valid to observe that for private enterprise, they assume the func­ adopted. Abandoning all economic reasoning, tion for themselves and nationalize the in­ to the degree they have curtailed supplies the government established a "freeze" on dustry. (This "final solution," it might be and have increased the consumption of prices of most goods and services, including pointed out, not only fails to solve the prob­ energy, they have been a factor in causing petroleum products. Throughout the various lem of scarcity but tends rather to intensify "phases" of the price-control program, petro­ it.) 1 "A Conservationist Looks at Freedom," leum prices have not been able to reflect the LOOK TO THE MARKET Leonard E. Read, The Freeman, November, changing forces of supply and demand af­ The appropriate alternative to our energy 1970. fecting them. crisis is to return to free market principles. March 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8291 The consequences will not be pleasant, !or the failure of the financial establish­ which were awarded honorable mention the most probable result will be higher prices ment to buy mortgages when profit can in the contest. The essays were written for en ergy resources than eXist today. be made in more lucrative credit areas. by Ms. Roberta Chinsky of the senior Recent price movements in those few goods t h at h ave not been covered by the This bill would make the Federal Gov­ class of Clarkstown High School North, freeze give us a good contrast to the situa­ ernment the purchaser of last resort of New City, N.Y.; Ms. Helene Teller, of the tion with respect t o the cont rolled goods. For mortgages. This bill would set up a Fed­ senior class of Pearl River High School, example, we have seen as much as a four­ eral agency to buy mortgages with in­ Pearl River, N.Y.; and Steve Cohen of the fold increase in t he prices of some agricul­ terest rates below 6 percent at a pace senior class of Nyack High School, NyacK, tural products in the past year because of keyed to national housing needs and N.Y.: inflation and ot her chan ges in t he supply and goals. 200 YEARS OF PRIDE AND HOPE demand pict ure. While such price rises have For the first 2 years, the mortgages been a cause of much consternat ion to con­ (By Roberta Chinsky) sumers, they have not resulted in shortages that the bank will buy will be secured by "We hold these trut hs to be self-evident, and subsequent rationing. the construction of new homes. This will that all men are creat ed equal ... wit h cer ­ Should supplies of these agricultural prod­ act as another incentive to revitalize the tain . . . rights . .. Life, Libert y, and the ucts now increase (as well they might, be­ building industry in this country. After pursuit of Happiness." cause of their profit ability), or if demand 2 years, the bank will purchase mort­ This declarat ion, written June 28, 1776, declines (because of consumer resistance to gages on existing housing. Under the and passed Congress on July 4, 1776, has the high prices) , then prices will again fall emergency mortgage assistance portion posit ive impact today in securing equal 1n a reflection of market actions of buyers rights for women, blacks, Hispanic peoples, and sellers. of the bill it will purchase and refinance and other minorities; yet this proud heritage While hlle government planners recognized mortgages for homeowners of existing of an independent nation for all men was the presence of these market forces in agri­ housing who are stricken by unemploy­ won at the cost of many of our forefather's cultural products and exempted them from ment. lives. This fight continues today as we apply direct controls, they failed to recognize that The buying activity of the bank will this heritage to securing freedom for the these same forces are at play with all eco­ be keyed to the Nation's housing needs. persecuted nations of the world. nomic goods and services. Instead, believing The bank, each year, will survey the Na­ "The Spirit of '76"--one of hope, explora­ that prices of manufactured goods are some­ tion to ascertain the need to meet the tion, courage, and helping others without how "administered" and immune from the personal gain-endures to this day to help economic laws of supply and demand, the goal of a decent home for every Ameri­ us reach our goals. This 200 year period government imposed the price "freeze" upon can. The bank will then seek to buy afforded many opportunities to apply this them. enough mortgages so that housing starts spirit and to aid our nation in growing to As must always happen with an abandon­ are stimulated so as to help us reach that be what it is today. "Our country grew and ment of economic reality, the edicts of gov­ goal. prospered on that spirit. When all else fails, ernment are fall1ng victim to inexorable The bank will get the money to pur­ it is that spirit that will be there to guide economic law. The ever-changing forces of chase mortgages from the issuance of us and keep us strong." 1 supply and demand, continuing an upward Our constitution and the bill of Rights pressure on the prices of energy resources, bonds supported by the full faith and has strengthened us by giving us a code of are making the "frozen prices" a relic of credit of the Federal Government. law and by insuring us of our freedoms and economic history. The growing disequilib­ The bank will have at least one addi­ rights. A truly great heritage. rium between the government-manipulated tional and important task. It will provide With the celebration of our bicentennial, prices and the actual forces of supply and emergency assistance to persons who be­ we may feel proud of our heritage, our free­ demand precipitates the inevitable shortage. cause of unemployment cannot con­ dom, and our laws, and with this firm base, I! this "energy crisis" is to be resolved, tinue to meet mortgage payments. Where look forward to even greater freedoms for there is only one alternative. We must return a person has been unemployed for a pe­ all people of the world so that we may share the a.llocation of scarce resources to the mar­ this heritage wit h all. ket. Freedom in the market place, so that the riod of at least 6 months, and has no economic structuring of society is in the other major assets from which to make hands of individuals acting as their own mortgage commitments he will be eligi­ SPmiT OF '76 free agents, is the only "final solution." Un­ ble for refinancing assistance from the (By Helene Teller) der such a system, the crisis of shortages bank. These mortgages would be secur­ Today, we live in a mercurial society in is unknown. able by housing stock already in exist­ which the political, social, and economic ence and would have interest rates of 6 conditions seem unrelated to our past exper­ percent or less. If this alternative is not ience as a nation. This is a misconception! sufficient the bank is also empowered to Our situation is quite similar to that of our FEDERAL HOUSING BANK ancesters. They, also, experienced confusion declare a moratorium on principal and about the solution to problems and suffered interest payments for up to a year and a much the same sort of anxiety that we are half. enduring. HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN The bank will prevent the Federal Re­ Presently, we fa<:e inflation, social divisions OF MARYLAND serve and the rest of the banking in­ and a public attitude of apathy and dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dustry from strangling the housing in­ trust. We look for excuses to procrastinate, dustry in times of tight credit. and to escape the involvement necessary to Thursday, March 20, 1975 improve our situation. Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am The source of this indifference lies in the introducing today a bill to establish a polarization of the American people which tends to make us apathetic towards govern­ Federal Housing Bank that would pur­ "SPmiT OF '76'' ment, leaving unsolved problems to erupt chase mortgages having rates of interest into crises. no higher than 6 percent from the Fed­ We must realize that our present situa­ eral National Mortgage Association and HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN tion is not unique. Our Founding Fathers the Federal Home Loan Bank System, OF NEW YORK faced similar problems when they created in the hope that such refinancing of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our Federal republic nearly two hundred these mortgages would stabilize the sup­ years ago. They were apprehensive just as we ply of reasonable cost mortgages. rena­ Thursday, March 20, 1975 are today. They, however, did not ignore tor HUBERT HUMPHREY, WhO has intro­ Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, it was my problems. They were not willing to risk the duced the bill in the Senate, and I both pleasure to have recently sponsored an loss of fundamental liberties set forth in the agree that none of the Federal agencies essay contest for high school seniors 1n Declaration of Independence, principles !or designed to assure adequate home mort­ the 26th Congressional District of New which their brothers had given their lives. gage credit have done the job. These York with the theme "Spirit of '76" and Instead they created a Constitution, uphold­ agencies include: the Department of what our approaching Bicentennial ing with the h ighest degree of respect, our Housing and Urban Development, the means to them individually. unalienable rights, and the idea that govern­ Federal Home Loan Bank Board, the Mr. Speaker, because these essays ments derive t heir power from the people. Federal National Mortgage Association, express such intense feelings of pride for the Federal Financing Bank, and the 1 America's Bicentennial, a speech by Ann accomplishments of our Nation in the Armstrong, delivered at the Alfred M. Landon Federal Reserve Board. The failure of 200 short years since our Nation was Lectures on Public Issues, Kansas State Uni­ t hese institutions is premised on their founded, I am pleased to submit, for the versity, Manhattan, Kansas, February 12, ties to the financial establishment and review of my colleagues, three essays 1974. 8292 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ma'rch 21, 1975 Government was created for our benefit, terior. These practices allow the oil in­ oil spllls and of the intensive on-shore de­ and it is our duty to select people who will dustry to explore and evaluate potential velopment that such drilling can bring to help solve our problems. We must not take shoreline communities. for granted our forefathers' efforts. We must petroleum and gas reserves, withhold much of that knowledge from the public, Under the circumstances, It would be ir· defend their ideals and preserve them !rom responsible for the Department of the In­ destruction. and then bid for development rights on terior to rush ahead with leasing the unex­ It is now the time to rededicate ourselves the basis of this confidential informa­ ploited sections or the Continental Shelf to the Spirit of '76-as Dr. J. \Varren once tion. The most glaring defect of this without the most careful consideration by said: system is that it ignores the public inter­ Administration and Congress of both the "Our country is in danger, but not to be est. U.S. energy resources helong to all short-term and the long-term implications despaired of ... On you depend the fortunes o! al .. ernatlve lines o! action. of America. You are to decide the important the people of the United States-they question, on which rests the happiness and are not the exclusive property of the MAKE HASTE SLOWLY liberty o! millions yet unborn. Act worthy of oil industry. Fortunately, Congress does at last seem yourselves." I do not question the vital role that disposed to grapple with the real issues in can be played by the industry in the de­ this field. There is recognition that the Inte­ SPIRIT OF '76 velopment of OCS resources, and I am rior Department has long had relations of injudicious intimacy with the oil industry. (By Steve Cohen) not opposed to those companies being The department is scarcely in a position As we approach our 200th anniversary, the able to obtain a fair return on their to defend the public interest in these im­ time has come to look back and ask our­ exploration and development invest­ mensely valuable-and publicly owned-re· selves certain fundamental questions. After ments. However, I do question their sources when it permits the oil industry to two hundred years o! countless wars, eco­ right to withhold exploration informa­ explore and evaluate the potential rewards, nomic depressions and domestic crises, does tion from the public sector. In the ab­ keep much of that information confidential, our system still function? Do the people still and then bid for the development rights on believe in that system? Do they stand be­ sence of this information, we are hardly in a position to judge if bids received for the basis o! that knowledge. hind all that this country was built on and Senator Ernest Hollings, South Carolina stands for? Most of us will state with con­ development rights are realistic. Democrat, and fourteen other Senators are fidence that our system has functioned, our Mr. Speaker, it is clear that our sponsoring a bill to require the Geological people believe in America and that our coun­ Alaskan oil reserves and those reserves Survey to conduct its own tests and explora­ try will endure. located on the Outer Continental Shelf ations and to require the private oil firms to But how h;we the people been able to will be our greatest hope for closing the make available to the Government all ot stand together in a country that has pitted U.S. energy gap for the short term. How­ their information and their sophisticated in­ North against South, rich against poor, black ever, public policies regarding the de­ terpretations of it. The Government would against white? How have they stood through then be in a far better· position to know the social and political divisions which in velopment of these resources must in­ what it is offering for sale. the eyes o! some, have torn American apart? clude some consideration of the long­ The Hollings bill and other pending bills The struggle to preserve our Constitutional, range strategic value of these reserves. would also require the Interior Department social and political values has been an al­ We would be wise to husband these to prepare a ten-year plan for the leasing most impossible one. Yet many times the reserves very carefully while we develop of the Outer Shelf, taking into account the people fought to preserve; and won. But alternate energy sources. Depletion of nation's total energy situation as well as the why didn't they just assume the system to be these reserves prior to the development coastal-zone management plans of the indi­ a failure and give up? of such alternatives solar energy, vidual states. Immediate exploitation of the The people have been kept together by a as oil off the Atlantic Coast, for example, might spirit. A spirit of loyality and devotion to­ nuclear fusion, and coal gasification and not be in the nation's long-term interests. ward all of that which represents America. liquifaction would place the United By depleting those resources in the 1980's This country has faced more complex prob­ States in an even more vulnerable en­ instead of holding them as strategic reserves, leins than any other country 1n the world. ergy position than it is today. OSC and the United States could wind up at the end Yet the people have endured and strived for Alaskan reserves are "the ace in the of this century more dependent than ever a better way because of a spirit. A spirit hole" for the United States. If we throw on imports. Sim1larly, the billions of dollars which represents to all Americans that their in this card too early in the game, we invested in existing shoreline development country wm always put the welfare of the on Long Island and the beaches from New people first, above anything else. It is that might end up as very big losers indeed. Jersey to Florida are an economic interest spirit which we shall celebrate on our 200th Mr. Speaker, I am sure my colleagues that cannot be put in jeopardy without the anniversary. will benefit from the thoughtful views in most careful advance planning. , the New York Times editorial on the re­ The formulation of a national oil policy sponsibility of Congress to assure that is long overdue. It cannot be left to business policies adopted for development of the as usual or Government by default. It is too OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF DE­ Outer Continental Shelf are in the long­ complex to be devised in haste and too im· VELOPMENT - CONGRESSIONAL l'ange, best interest of the entire nation, portant to be decided in secret. ROLE CITED and take into consideration the needs and rights of the States that will be af­ HIGH COST OF CO~M FOR fected by such development. The New MARYLAND TAXPAYERS HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS York Times editorial follows: OF NEW JERSEY [From the New York Times, Mar. 20, 1975) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DECISION ON On. HON. LARRY McDONALD Thursday, Mat·ch 20, 1975 The Supreme Court's decision unanimously OF GEORGIA Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. rejecting the claiins of the thirteen Atlantic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES states to ownership of the oil and gas on their Thursday, March 20, 1975 Speaker, this morning's New York Times OUter Continental Shelf definitively places contains an editorial that underscores the responsibility for Wise national policy re­ Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. the responsibility that has been thrust garding these resources where it has in fact Speaker, the Washington Metropolitan upon the Congress as a result of the always rested-in Congress. area was visited this past weekend by Supreme Court's decision on Maine Legally, there was never much doubt that Angela Yvonne Davis, a member of the against United States. We are now con­ the Court would rule that the Federal Gov­ Central Committee of the Communist fronted with the challenge of developing ernment has exclusive dominion over the na­ Party, U.S.A.-CPUSA. On Friday, will tion's continental shelf. The Court reached public policy that enable the re­ the same conclusion years ago in cases in· March 14, 1975, Miss Davis spoke at the sponsible development of our Outer Con­ volving California, Texas and Louisiana. The University of Maryland College Park tinental Shelf resources. At the same arguments set forth by the Eastern state{! campus to some 1,500 people. time, we must address the vital issue of were not factually stronger or constitutional­ Reliable information indicates that rights of those States whose economies ly much different. Miss Davis was paid a total of $2,500 for and environment will be affected by OCS Where the la.w leaves off, the policymakers her 45-minute speech in Ritchie Coli­ development. can begin. on and gas have in recent years seum-a rate exceeding $55 per minute. assumed a central importance in the nation's The first aspect of OCS development economic, diplomatic and strategic planning The breakdown of funding of her ap­ that merits congressional consideration !ar more critical and urgent than they had a pearance was $1,500 directly from the and action concerns the current leasing quarter-century ago. Much more is also now Student Government Association-SGA; practices of the Depat·tment of the In· known about the environmental hazards of $500 from the Black Student Union, Ma'i'·ch 21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8293 whose funds are provided by the SGA; eration of Black folk will reach adulthood Addressing himself directly to Black stu­ without ever getting jobs." dents, Carmichael claimed they are only 'and $500 from the Women's Center. Women of color are hardest hit by this de­ here at the University as "concessions" made whose funds also come from the SGA. pression, according to Davis. Sixty five per to the masses of people who staged protests I find it interesting that the director of cent of the women who work as domestics in earlier decades. the Women's Center is a Julie carlson, and support a family of three are earning "You didn't get here because you were who is also a public campus representa­ less than $1,000 yearly, she said. smart," he exclaimed. "We always were smart. tive of the Young Socialist Alliance. YSA Davis referred to the struggle for emanci­ You didn't get here because you had money. is the youth arm of the Trotskyist Com­ pation by women on campus as "a most se­ Some of us always had money." vere struggle-a struggle from being brown, Carmichael said the "makers of history," munist Socialist Workers Party. Obvi­ black, yellow, red, from being poor. Blacks who fought for their rights, are the ously the various Communist factions "You're enlightening yourselves here at only people to whom Black students must su­ found it expedient to unite in bringing the University, but how can you allow the bordinate themselves. Miss Davis to the College Park campus. medieval torture to go on only 20 miles from He said the Black student should take his The Student Government Association here at Patuxent?" Davis asked her audience. or her knowledge and lay it at the feet of funds are provided by the University of The alleged experimentation and drugging those who gave him or her the opportunity Maryland, and the taxpayers of Mary­ of inmates is "humanly debasing" she said. to acquire it. Fifty six per cent of the male inmates are Speaking of Black people's lost heritage, land are the ultimate source of the mon­ Black and 30 per cent are less than 18 years Carmichael said he went through high school ey paid to Angela Davis for her remarks old, she added. and thought "the world was Europe." on the "drowning" of the free enterprise Davis, acquitted 1n 1970 of murder, kid­ By ignoring Africa's contributions to the system by revolutionary socialism. nap and conspiracy charges, spent 22 months world, Carmichael said, historians make In these times of economic distress, in prison. "I know what it's like 1n prison. Blacks appear as if they never had the desire unemployment, and high taxation, the "The Brothers and Sisters in prison are to"gohome." $55 per minute paid to Angela Davis is an doing all the suffering. They are suffering "When they can't deal with it, they leave to for us. it out," he explained. "They think if they insult the people of Maryland. "Boston reveals a picture of the way racism don't record it, it never happened." I would also note that one of the is wielded at Blacks and Whites as well," Carmichael said Marcus Garvey, a Black prominent radicals attending Miss Davis' Davis said. separatist of the 1920's, was "the greatest speech was Stokely Carmichael, now the "And Ford's refusal to send troops was just organizer the 20th century had ever seen," leader of a rival to the CPUSA called the a way of throwing more fuel on the fire. AS but was left out of history books. All African People's Revolutionary Party. long as racism is on the rampage no mili­ However, Carmichael said, today Blacks Mr. Carmichael also made a recent tancy will be directed toward their (ruling know Africa is a part of the world and has a appearance as a speaker at the College class) power. long cultural heritage. "If we all don't fight racism, we're all One thing Blacks must do, he claimed, is Park campus. On Wednesday, February going to fight each other and go down the decide what it is they are struggling for. 19, 1975, Stokely Carmichael was a guest drain," Davis warned. "I'm not fighting to sit next to a white lecturer in the Afro-American studies She urged support of the Black Student person," he said. "I'm fighting to stop the department course No. 429, "Special Union and Black Studies Program in order · control they have over our lives." Topics in Black Development," a grad­ to damage racists. · Carmichael told the audience to fight reac­ uate level course which features special "If we all don't act now, ton10rrow may be tionary ideas "without mercy" because the lectures on black political economics. too late." "revolution"' will not be over in five or even The accounts of the Davis and Carmi­ ten years. [From the Diamondback, Feb. 21, 1975} "I encourage you to be strong," he said. chael speeches which appeared in the "We can't lose." student newspaper, Diamondback, are CARMICHAEL BLASTS CAPITALISM most informative: (By Shirley Thomas) {From the Diamondback, Mar. 17, 1975) Capitalism and Christianity were among the targets of the verbal battle launched EXPLOITATION, RACISM CONTINUE, DAVIS SAYS by Black activist Stokely Carmichael here INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S YEAR: (By Vanessa Tharps) Wednesday. CANADIAN INVOLVEMENT The general conditions of this country are "America is a backward country," Car­ rapidly deteriorating as the wealthy ruling michael announced to the standing-room­ class continues to exploit and oppress Amer­ only crowd in the Student Union's black HON. DONALD M. FRASER icans, Angela Davis told a crowd of about and white room. "It pulls out the negative OF MINNESOTA 1,500 in Ritchie coliseum Friday. things, not the positive things." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "We need to open our eyes, because we are Sponsored by the Afro-American studies experiencing the most critical period 1n our department, Carmichael spoke on "Ideology Thursday, March 20, 1975 society," said Davis, a member of the Na­ In the African World." Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, 1975 is In­ tional Alliance Against Racism and Polltical Attacking U.S. capitalism, Carmichael said Oppression and the American Communist Americans are taught man is inherently evil. ternational Women's Year, and govern­ Party. Overthrowing this economic system, he ments now have an opportunity to dem­ According to Davis, the ruling class is a claimed, will allow mankind to shed such onstrate their commitment to redress small minority of White men who wheel an image. the discrimination and inequities faced the country. Money rolls into the pockets of The direct answer to capitalism's exploita­ by women. Canada has shown a partic­ these men because they can employ Blacks, tion of labor, he said, is socialism. ularly strong commitment, setting aside Chicanos and other people of color at lower "The General Motors worker gets a wage $5 million in supplementary funds. One rates. scale," he said softly, "but the man who "As corporations are attempting to re­ doesn't work gets a profit." of the most outstanding Canadian pro­ cuperate their resources" Americans must Carmichael said socialism's motivating grams is its Advisory Council on the suffer higher prices and increased unemploy­ force is man, while capitalism's is money. Status of Women. ment, Davis said. In the U.S., he explained, it Is believed that The council was created in response to Because one third of the world's people a financial stimulus is all to which "basically a recommendation made in the report of are building a socialist society, she said capi­ evil" man will respond. the Royal Commission on the status of talists are being drowned by ties formed be­ He said Christianity also supports the women. The council began operating in tween these countries. theory that man is evil and can only trans­ "Socialists are not trying to fight for capi­ form himself through an outside force. July 1973, with the mandate to bring talism, but for socialism and their rights." "They want you to believe that a woman before the government and the public Many countries in the Middle East, Latin gave birth to a child without the sperm" matters of interest and concern to America, Africa and Asia are no longer al­ he laughed. "When you get through with women and to advise the government on lowing American corporations "to rip off" that one, they'll have you walking on water... actions to improve the position of their labor and resources, she said. Carmichael also said the Christian ideology women in society. Therefore, corporations must retreat be­ teaches man to sit back and pray, waiting to cause these countries are saying "we need for the outside force, presumably Jesus, to In addition keeping the government these resources for ourselves and we will no come and save him. info~med on women's concerns, the longer suffer in oppression." "Man can do anything he wants to do," council has undertaken research, estab­ Davis said unemployment has affected 52 he shouted suddenly. lished programs, proposed legislation, percent of United States families. The re­ Carmichael told the predominately Black and served as a central communication ported 13.4 percent for Blacks is an under­ audience not to be afraid to use all its talent center for all Canadian women's orga­ estimation, she clallned. for the betterment of Black people. nizations as well as such international Because the unemployment rates among "Students are not passive objects but organizations as the United Nations' Black teenagers is 65 percent. "a whole gen- vibrant and dynamic people," he said. Commission on the Status of Women. 8294 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1975 The advisory council has selected The fundamental issue is this: Is a text· recommended school reading in the Mont­ priority areas on which to work toward book selection committee immune from gomery case: early action by the Federal Government. audit? The cries from the education estab­ "A tall, red~headed chick. She had been The list follows: lishment would indicate that school reading mainly a whore with very expensive johns lists come down from Mount Sinai and must who would pay her $100 a shot. And she was E tablishment of a federal Human Rights be accepted as gospel. Rot! Commission; a. very lively chick who took a. lot of pot. Amendment to the Canada Labour Code to Mr. Jones states that- . . . I had a special regard for her because ensure equal access to job opportunities; she t·eally put herself out to straighten me There is an area in which common sense out, and here she was like a big, expensive Amendments to the federal Superannua­ must prevail. But just as a newspaper editor whore." tion Act to ensure equal pension and fringe is responsible for what his paper tells the benefit rights without discrimination on the This is literature? reader, so are schoolbook selectors responsi~ Education is a. conditioning process. When grounds of sex; ble for what the books say. Equality for women and inclusion of home Pytor N. Demichev took over as Soviet minis­ makers 1n the Canada Pension Plan; I ·wish to share the column, "School ter of culture in November he affirmed his Divorce Act amendment to reduce the wait· Textbooks Are Not Sacred," by Jenkin determination that all Soviet media should ing period from three years to one; show Russia in its most favorable light. Lloyd Jones, as it appeared in Human This, of course, a free society rejects. But Ensuring on the dissolution of marriage Events, with my colleagues and insert it that there is an equitable distribution to schools can condition children, not only to both spouses of property acquired during :Into the REcORD at this time: betray themselves but to hate each other and the marriage; SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS ARE NOT SACRED their country as well. More equitable employment of women by (By Jenkin Lloyd Jones) To dismiss schoolbook protests as yahooism and red-neckery could be superficial. For one the federal government; When a. group of parents in Montgomery Proportionate appointment to and employ­ thing, the antiprotest crowd conveniently County, Maryland, circulated a handbill re­ forgets that the NAACP started the school ment by federal Boards, Commissions and cently protesting books on the public school Crown Corporations; reading censorship drive by knocking Little reading list that included Eldridge Cleaver's Black Sambo and Huckleberry Finn off the Citizenship Act amendments to give women So·'ltl on Ice and Wardell Pomeroy's Girls and equal rights to confer citizenship on their shelves. Are the fierce ant1-honkyisms of El­ Sex, the editor of the Montgomery Journal dridge Cleaver which the NAACP has been children; described the protest as "garbage." Extension and improvement of day and pushing onto the reading lists more holy? But when the protesters challenged the Dr. Fine is horified that Commissioner Bell other child care services; editor to carry in his newspaper verbatim Increased availabiUty of information, re­ likes the old McGuffey readers of a century selections from the complained-of books, he ago. But Wllllam Holmes McGuffey pumped ferral counselling and other services through pleaded that "it would be the height of ir· women's aid centres. 1n heroic tales, moral homilies and national responsibility" to print such material in a pride, and his children could generally read family newspaper. If this isn't a howler, it bigger and tougher words than children of will do, as Damon Runyon used to say, until the same age can today. Is this so awful? one comes along. The fundamental issue is this: Is a text­ SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS ARE NOT There is nothing new about protests over book selection committee immune from SACRED · approved school reading lists. Charges that audit? The cries from the education estab­ teachers corrupt the young predate SOCrates, lishment would indicate that school reading who drank the hemlock upon conviction. But lists come down from Mount Sinai and must HON. PHILIP M. CRANE the matter heated up last spring when a. be accepted as gospel. Rot! OF ILLINOIS member of the Charleston, W. Va., school Overheated citizens' protest groups can in­ board objected to the fruit of the textbook IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deed overcritlcize. selection committee and, after patrons began There is an area in which common sense Thursday, March 20, 1975 pawing through the books, a major school boycott got under way. must prevail. But just as a newspaper editor Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, there has West Virginia was made to order for a is responsible for what his paper 'Wlls the been much discussion about the contents reader, so are schoolbook selectors responsi­ fom·-plus case of liberal hysteria. Wasn't this ble for what the books say. of school textbooks, and this has been a the country of the Hatfields and McCoys? Whatever gave our "liberal" totalitarians healthy development for American edu­ Isn't it in West Virginia where people take the idea that to question their performance cation. up snakes? is to burn a witch? The New York Times editorial was pre­ Unfortunately, our schools seem to be dictable: placing more emphasis on social and po­ "'Even here in the heart of the Appala­ litical "awareness" in their textbook se­ chian coal fields, where the airwaves are A RESOLUTION PROVIDING FOR lections then they are in transmitting to full of emotive radio preachers' fire and THE DESIGNATION AND ADOP­ young people the ability to read. brimstone and roadside signs carry the bul­ TION OF THE AMERICAN MARI­ The New York Times of March 18 let pocks of beery Saturday night automobile GOLD AS THE TRADITIONAL notes that- snipers, the Fundamentalist bill of partic­ FLOWER OF THE UNITED STATES American school childl·en have apparently ulars seemed too thin to many this week slipped in their reading ability since the to explain the near chaos that is still dis­ mid-nineteen sixties. rupting Kanawha County and West Vir­ HON. FLOYD J. FITHIAN ginia's capital city." OF INDIANA This is the conclusion of an as yet un­ The Times didn't elaborate on who these l"eleased report, "Reading Achievement "many" were who felt that there were no IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the United States: Then and Now,'' grounds for complaint, nor did it print any Friday, March 21, 1975 of the sexual stuff that had the West Vir· based on a research project sponsored ginians on their ears. Readers could only Mr. FITHIAN. Mr. Speaker, the Farm by the Department of Health, Education, take the Times' word for it that there was Bureau of La Porte County, Ind., has and Welfare. no fire beneath the smoke. designated as its Bicentennial project While young people seem to be reading But Dr. Benjamin Fine, education writer the encouragement of Congress to adopt less well than previously and while con­ for the North American Newspaper Alliance, the American marigold as the Bicenten­ troversy rages concerning violence and found a reign of terror. He described the nial emblem of the Union; and the In­ sex on television as a contributing factor textbook quarrel as "the greatest wave of diana General Assembly also endorses book burning and teacher fear since the to crime on the part of young people, McCarthy era." the adoption of the American marigold many textbooks used in our schools seem Because U.S. Education Commissioner Ter­ as the Nation's floral emblem. filled with the same objectionable ma­ rel H. Bell had suggested that publishel'S edit I would like to take this opportunity terial. their texts so as not to "insult the values of to include my support and endorsement In the entire textbook dispute whlch most parents," Fine feared that this "in­ of this beautiful and wholesome flower as has emerged in West Virginia, in Mary­ credible a.nd astounding advice would set the traditional flower of the United land, and in othe1· parts of the country back education a century or more." States. the basic issue 1s whether the schools If respect !or parents' values would set My own home state of Indiana has in education back 100 years it is fair to ask are to educate young people in our tradi­ what it is in the protested books that is itself made history by being the first tional values or, to the contrary, are to advancing education. I'm in the same jam State in the Union to formally pass a res­ educate them away from such values. as the editor of the Montgomery Journal. olution endorsing the adoption of the Discussing this debate, Jenkin Lloyd since I'd llke to keep this a family column. American marigold as the Nation's floral Jones notes that- But I might essay one very mild sample of emblem. They, along with myself, are March .21, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8295 now leading the way for other States to bate will do nothing more than provide a are now before the House Ways and :rvreans little extra cash to offset overdue debts and Committee: join in this endeavor. current expenses. Next year's "withholding" H.R. 3068-to allow a tax credit for certain I commend the Farm Bureau of La reduction, minimal at best, will not be real­ expenses incurred in providing for higher Porte County, as well as the Indiana Gen­ ized in time to meet current pressing needs, education. eral Assembly, for their efforts in this nor will the tax breaks to business be soon H.R. 3069-to permit tenants a deduction proposal and urge my fellow colleagues enough to spur production. on 25 percent of their annual rent for that to join with the great State of Indiana I believe corrective measures must be taken portion attribued to property taxes. in the support and passage of this resolu­ now-this Spring-to relieve the tax burden, H .R. 3070--to grant commuters a tax de­ especially on the wage earning "middle in­ duction for expenses incurred in travelling to tion. come" family. I have re-introduced in this and from work on mass transit facilities. new Congress the series of bills I know would H.R. 3071-to permit the disabled and han­ return meaningful amounts of spendable in­ dicapped to exclude the annual costs for NEWSLETTER TO CONSTITUENTS come to the pocketbooks of taxpaying men taxicab fares and other essential transpor­ and women and which could be implemented tation. almost at once. H.R. 3073-to allow deductions for the HON. LESTER L. WOLFF These would include tax credits to fami­ ...:ost of installing crime prevention equip · OF NEW YORK lies of limited income for the cost of higher ment ~nd to provide tax relief for victims IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES education; a flat 25 percent deduction of of crime. H.R. 3074-to exempt persons 65 years and Friday, March 21, 1975 rent paid by tenants; a tax deduction for the cost of traveling to and from work by mass over from federal income tax on the first Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, periodically, transit facilities, and would permit the dis­ $5,000 of retirement income. I distribute a newsletter to my constit­ abled and handicapped to deduct the an­ H.R. 3075-to exclude from gross income uents h1 a continuing effort to keep them nual cost of taxicabs and other transporta­ the interest on savings bank deposits (to tion needed to perform essential daily activ­ $400 a person, $800 per couple) . informed of my activities as their repre­ H.R. 1505-to permit a tax deduction for I ities. sentative in Washington. And often, Further, my proposed legislat ion would the cost of installing home insulation for use the newsletter as a vehicle to obtain permit an exemption of the first $5,000 of fuel conservation purposes (co-sponsor). their views on major issues, thus allow­ retirement income for pe1·sons 65 years of age ing me to function more effectively on or more; would permit tax deductions for their behalf on Capitol Hill. I would like the cost of installing crime prevention equip­ AN INTERVIEW WITH DR. ROBERT to share with my colleagues my latest ment and for medical expenses and theft SEAMANS newsletter: losses to victims of crime-an increasing DEAR FRIEND AND CONSTITUENT: I am most problem plaguing both our suburban and HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD pleased to report that the House Foreign urban areas. To cope with the high costs of Affairs Committee has selected me to be home heating oil, the tax legislation I am OF PENNSYLVANIA Chairman of the new Subcommittee on Fu­ supporting would grant a deduction for the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES expense of installing fuel conserving insula­ ture Foreign Policy Research and Develop­ FTiday, March 21, 1975 ment-a post that will enable me and my tion materials. colleagues on the panel to investigate world­ And, significantly, my bill to allow an in­ Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. wide problems, determine their impact on come tax deduction on interest (up to $800 Speaker, I would like to call to the at­ domestic conditions, and recommend corre­ a couple) from deposits in savings institu­ tions would not only give the taxpayer a tention of the Members of the House of lated Congressional action and legislation Representatives a very interesting arti­ that will give first consideration to the se­ break, but would spur deposits to generate curity of the American people. new activity in the housing and building cle which appeared in the winter 1975 I am especially gratified that this new as­ sector of our economy. edition of St. Albans Bulletin. It is an signment affords me great latitude to exam­ Interest must be reduced, across the board, interview w~th Dr. Robert Seamans, ine the inter-relationship between occur­ to allow American industry to expand with­ Administrator of the Energy Research rences at home and abroad and to derive out being shackled by onerous costs that and Development Administration. Dr. solutions to the many problems that beset make it impossible to contain infl.ated prices. Seamans' distinguished career has in­ us 1n an increasingly interdependent world. For example, lower interest rates would pro­ cluded 10 years as Secretary of the Air Specifically, my committee will be a "watch­ vide the necessary momentum to the home dog" over future U.S. involvement abroad to building and construction industry to in­ Force, Deputy Administrator of the Na­ seek out that which is wasteful or imprudent fuse new life into the economy. We also tional Aeronautics and Space Adminis­ or ignores our pressing domestic needs. must make certain that provisions of the tration, and president of the National Be assured we intend to closely scrutinize "buy American" laws are maintained on U.S. Academy of Engineering. every aspect or our foreign policy and aid projects undertaken in foreign countries The text of the question and answer programs to insure that America's self-inter­ where too frequently the State Department interview with Dr. Seamans follows: does not insist that American labor and ma­ est and our people receive first priority. AN INTERVIEW WITH DR. ROBERT SEAMANS Sincerely, terials be utilized. As a member of the In­ LESTER WOLFF. ternational Operations Subcommittee, I in­ Question. How is the United States being tend to ride herd on this type of activity altered by energy considerations? WOLFF STRIVES To GIVE TAXPAYERS A BREAK that only fuels the flames of recession. Answer. Certainly we can anticipate im­ portant changes as a result of the energy The wage earning, "middle income" fam­ While I believe the government should be the "employer of last resort", it must act situation. The embargo and subsequent Uy, more than any other income group, is quadrupling of the price of oil-among other being stifled today by excessively high taxes now to curtail the unemployment that is on income and property and for sales and devastating our economy by providing emer­ reasons-have affected our economy rather services. The half-way measures, coupled gency public service jobs that will serve to dramatically. And we can expect the gap with the righteous pleas for "more thrift," reduce the burgeoning welfare rolls. between our demand, on the one hand, and as advanced by the Administration, simply our domestic supply, on the other, to be with will not ease the burden, nor will they in­ WOLFF Am::;:s ISSUES ON TV AND RADIO us for some time. The President has a plan crease the working man and woman's spend­ "Ask your Congressman", WOR's public to bring it back by 1985 to a tolerable level; able income. service radio program, moderated by Rep. but even then, it will take a prodigious effort The multi-faceted dilemma of inflation, a Wolfl.', now is aired in the tri-state area here. There is going to be a great need to depressed national economy and rampant Sundays at 4:45 p.m. The program f.eatures conserve, a lot of pressure to live more fru­ unemployment must be remedied with di­ Congressional and civic leaders discussing gally than we have in the past. Where we rect legislation that will provide immediate issues of national and local concern and is have been profligate in the use of our re­ relief for the overburdened taxpayer. similar in scope to "Ask Congress", the non­ sources, in the future we're going to have The Tax Reduction Act, passed by the partisan weekly television show, also moder­ to be more careful. It's going to change our House last month, provides for an $8.1 bil­ lifestyle in that regard. ated by Rep. Wolff, which may be viewed Question. Does this effort call for a basic lion rebate on 1974 income taxes, an $8.1 Thurdays at 9 a.m. over WPIX. billion reduction in 1975 withholding taxes, re-education of Americans or is the under­ standing already there from which this can a $5.1 billion in business tax cuts, and at KEY LEGISLATION long last an end to oil and gas depletion be forged? allowances-an action I haV'e called for ever The following itemizes the legislation pro­ Answer. No, I think it does call for a. re­ since I first entered Congress 10 years ago. posed by Rep. Wolff to a.1ford lmme.dlate education. People stlll don't quite believe it However, the tax cut is not enough to taxpayer relief. All Bills would amend the even though they are beginning to appreciate stimulate the stagnant economy and open Internal Revenue Code to permit certain 1t more than they did. When the embargo up new employment opportunities. The re- additional deductions and exemptions and took place, people thought that it wo.s not 8296 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1975 a real thing, that there were really plenty of Answer. When I think about that, I may batteries very long, but someday we'll have tankers out there just waiting to come in tend to overemphasize the technical. Other them. when the price went up, that somehow or fields are terribly important. The whole area other the multinational oil companies were Question. And coal also leads to the prob­ of business and finance 1s crucial: raising lem of balancing energy and environmental in cahoots with the Arabs. Some of this is the capital to build all the new plants 1s go­ concerns. beginning to be understood; people are com­ ing to be very difficult. The whole field of Answer. Yes, one whole office, one ot the six ing to realize that this is really a pretty negotiations and diplomacy, of foreign af­ fundamental issue we are facing and that­ key program offices in ERDA, 1s for environ­ fairs is another terribly important concern. mental and safety concerns because you can­ even if we hadn't had the embargo, even if There are a lot of exciting things to do other the price hadn't gone up-the time is coming not devel::>p some new technology and say, than the technical. As to my own job, I can­ OK now we're all set, unless you consider the when we are going to run out of fossil-fuel not put percentages on it, but right now I'm energy. There is a need here at the secondary­ environmental from the beginning and get not doing anything that I can say is techni­ that into the design precept right from the school level, as well as at all levels, to make cally innovative. I spend time on the pro­ start. people understand that we live in a finite grams, however, so that I can understand world with finite resources and hence we Question. Balancing energy and moral con­ them and get some idea of the level of re­ siderations at the same time must present must learn to conserve and to use energy sources which might make sense in terms of a terrific challenge. more efficiently. But the demands are going people and dollars. I obviously must spend to go up anyway-in part because the popu­ considerable time on administrative and Answer. These are the kinds of issues that lation is increasing and in part because personnel matters, particularly right now should come up for discussion here at the many, many disadvantaged people around when we've got to attract key people and School and at other secondary schools. The the world, including our own country, aren't when we need a new permanent facility here United States, with 5-6% of the world's sup­ satisfied with their present situation. All in Washington. There are many very special ply, 1s using one-third of the world's energy, of these factors tend to push up the demand, administrative problems that relate to for example. What are our responsibilities? and I think an understanding of this is procurement practices, incentives, patent The concept of the President's message of terribly important. policy, and all kinds of things of that sort. shifting over to the point where we can assist Question. Do you see specific areas into And then I have to spend time on planning, others in the field of energy is a very good which education should be moving and is not only within the organization but with way to look at it rather than thinking in not? other organizations such as NASA, The De­ terms of how we can be independent. We Answer. The energy crisis is a general prop­ partment of the Interior, the Science must realize that we cannot be independent. osition, and it is bound to affect everything. Foundation, Federal Energy Administration, We are interdependent with other nations It's going to affect our own institutions­ etc. And then certainly there is a great deal and we must use our technical and other re~ public and private; it's bound to influence to do with the Congress, to explain to the sources to be in a position to help others. the world of politics as well, the interrela­ many members and the committees what Question. Certainly, the attempt to put the tionships between countries and so on. But the program really is and to gain their sup­ United States on the defensive was a large actually there are a lot of specifics here too. port for the President's budget. And then thrust at the World Food Conference. Do you Because I am a technically oriented person, finally, in the broad field of geopolitics, dip­ find yourself having to assume a defensive I would like to see more emphasis on science lomacy, there is a great deal to be done. For posture in your international dealings? and technology. It's not the sole answer, ob­ example, we have a joint-study program Answer. Not yet--I may. I gave a lot of viously, but I think it's been a little out of with the Iranians; I'm the co-chairman thought to the food problem--although this favor lately. Secondary schools should place along with an Iranian who is head of their isn't what we are here to discuss-when I greater emphasis on math and science. I see atomic energy work. They are doing quite a was at the Academy; and there is a very, there is a course in ecology at St. Albans. I bit in the nuclear field, recognizing that very grave moral issue here, one that Dr. think that's great, and I'd like to see that even their oil supplies won't last forever. Handler, the President of the National expanded. By having these kinds of courses I'm also doing a great deal of work related Academy of Science, has considered exten­ at the secondary level, more students will be to the consumer nations-the Europeans, sively. The problem is that there is nothing interested in going to technically and sci­ the Japanese, and the Canadians. I've been we can do, even with our Midwest and all entifically oriented colleges, and that would meeting with the British, and I'm soon go­ the advantages we have, to feed the whole be very healthy. I've been working on this ing to be meeting with individuals from world. This just is not possible with the from a rather specialized standpoint in the some of the other countries, but most of the amount of land that we have. Yet when you last two years in regard to minorities going time so tar I've spent working with our own look at some of the places in the world into engineering. A number of the reasons State Department on international matters. today where people are living in perfectly why they haven't involve economic factors: It's a terribly exciting job just because it horrible conditions, you certainly see that they haven't been able to get the education does get into so many different fields of en­ we have a responsibility to do what we can to compete. But part of the problem goes deavor. t~ ease their burden. Certainly we must back to the counseling in high schools: peo­ Question. In your search tor talent, are help other countries to develop the capability ple haven't heard, don't know what an engi­ you finding genuine excitment in the scien­ to help themselves; we have that responsi­ neer is, whereas it can be a terribly exciting tific community? bility. But to allocate these finite resources career. We're going to need more engineers Answer. Yes, I'd say there is some similar­ which don't match the need is really a in the future. They're going to explore differ­ ity to the period when I first joined NASA. tough problem. ent fields than they have in the past. People then were excited about going out Question. How have your work with NASA Question. After Sputnik, the secondary into space. and your present work fused together? schools were inundated with new science Question. Is there a Tom Swift somewhere Answer. Of course there is some simllarity and math programs. Has that push fizzled? around the corner with a magic machine? in that both are part of the Federal Gov­ Answer. Well, these things ebb and flow. Answer. I wouldn't count on it although ernment; both have involved science and They tend to be exaggerated. Engineers were there are several fields which may produce technology, the process of budgeting and laid off in aerospace; and because of these true breakthroughs. The area of fusion is going up every year to Congress, running kinds of layoffs, the enrollment in engineer­ exciting because it could produce-well I laboratories and establishing contracts with ing schools went down dramatically. For a hate to say unlimited energy-but it could industry and universities. But it tends to be layoff of perhaps 3% or 4%, the engineering make a fantastic difference. But at this time a different set of technologies. It's also im­ enrollment was dropping 30%. Now enroll­ we don't even know whether it is scien­ portant for people to understand that at ment is no longer dropping; it is starting to tifically possible much less whether it is NASA the objective was to do the research increase but still isn't up to the level it going to be possible from an economic or and development so that NASA could carry should be at. engineering standpoint. The temperatures at out missions for which NASA was responsi­ Question. So much of the energy news of which fusion takes place are up in the mil­ ble. We had to develop liquid-hydrogen the past year, particularly that generated by lions of degrees centigrade, and containing engines so that we could put them on the the dramatic events such as the Rome Con­ reactions that occur at those terribly high Saturn vehicles so we could then go to the ference, tends to be almost apocalyptic. Does temperatures is a real challenge. There are moon. Now that's not the case in ERDA. this enter into your range of considerations? two areas to consider-magnetic confinement The ultimate operation is not a government Answer. It's very important that we under­ and laser confinement since obviously no mission; it's not an ERDA responsibility. stand what is going on but that we don't get metals, no substances will withstand those Right now it 1s completely diffused through­ so discouraged by it-which is fairly easy. temperatures. That's one area. We are also out our whole economy; the delivery system working on solar and geothermal energy; but in the case of energy shows up in many dif­ :~.tm::~!Y~~~~~ !~~u~oi~~l:i~~ ::~t -:: for the near term, the next 15 to 20 years, we ferent industries and is primarily in the well relax and live as we are as long as we can. are going t~ have to rely on coal a lot more private sector. How do we do the develop­ I don't take that gloomy view, but I'm afraid than we have. This gets into issues on how ment and take the responsibility tor re­ I sometimes sound gloomy beause I have to to convert coal into gas and liquid form. It's search and development in ERDA in such convince people that I have a problem. But just not enough to have the energy; it's a way that it is properly available to the it's very important not to overdo it: got to be in the right form to use it. And at private sector? That's a very, very difficult Question. What percentages of your time this time anyway, we cannot go into a com­ question. We presently are financing the do you devote to diplomacy, politics, admin­ pletely electric society. Cars, for example, highly speculative work 100% in government; istration, and science? have not lJeen developed that will run on then as we go to pilot operations-expert- Ma1·ch .2'1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8297 mental operations-we have partial industry government and now they are made to feel foodless days, costly prescriptions and funding, perhaps one part industry to two like worthless people." poverty." parts government. With full-size demonstra­ Not only are a higher percentage of senior A footnote: The confidential study will be tions, we split the cost, maybe 50/50, with citizens already ..llving 1n poverty," accord­ used by the Senate Committee on Aging as industry. From then on it's up to industry ing to the Senate study, but the job pinch background for hearings later this month. to take it on. But those kinds of programs hits them harder than any other age group. Proposals will be considered tn make the So­ are often more difficult to run than the During hard times, for example, older work­ cial Security Administration an independent, programs we had in NASA because if a ers usually are relea.sed ahead of younger nonpolitical agency; to prohibit the mailL."lg company is going to put in half the fund­ workers and remain longer in the unem­ of political announcements with Social Secu­ ing they are going to expect some say in ployment lines. rity checks; and to separate Social Securit y how the project is managed. The confidential background study, pre­ transactions from the regular federal budget. Question. Is "crisis" right or is "challenge" pared by the Senate Committee on Aging, The committee will also focus on the impa(! t a better word? Do you have a preference? shows that the jobless rate for workers over of inflation on the elderly. Answer. There is no question that it is 45 almost doubled durlng the last six months a challenge. It's a challenge right now and of 1974. Yet "these figures really understate it's going to be a challenge for all the stu­ the true dimension!> of the joblessness pic­ dents who are here nnw and 10-15 years ture for older workers,'' the document says. U.S. CREDIBILITY ON TRIAL from nnw. It's not something that's going Not counted in the statistics, for example, to go away. But it will be a crisis if we don't are those "who have dropped out of the labol' accept the challenge. force after prolonged and fruitless searches HON. OB WILSON for work." OF CALIFORNIA Others simply have been retired prema­ turel'y. For most of them, this mean!> starva­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESE...~TATI\ ES tion Social Security benefits, with little sup­ Friday, March 21, 1975 THE PENSION PINCH plemental outside income. "Even when bene­ fits from other federal programs are consid­ Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, under HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY ered," states the study, "only one out of three the leave to extend my remarks in the couples and one of six other beneficiaries RECORD, I include the following: OF NEW YORK have a second pension." [P rom the San Diego Union, Feb. 28, 1975] IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Their plight has worsened, of course, as U.S. CREDmiLITY ON TRIAL Friday, March 21, 1975 the skyrocketing inflation rate has outdis­ tanced Social Security payments. Under fed­ There are rea.Uy two issues in the debate Mr. DOWNEY. Mr. Speaker, for too eral law, Social Security benefits are sup­ between the Administration and Congress many years now, the economic problems posed to keep up automatically with the over sending additional military and eco­ of older Americans have been largely consumer price index. But the study declares nomic aid to Cambodia and South Vietnam. grimly: "In the four areas where the elderly One is quote obvious-whether it is worth ignored. Although we may have been have their greatest expenditures-housing another $522 million in U.S. aid to keep those aware of the situation, we did little to food, medical care and transportation-the two countries from falling to the Commu­ improve it and that is why today, with increases equalled or exceeded the overall nists. President Ford and Secretary of State our economy in such bad shape, many of consumer price index." Henry Kissinger believe Cambodia may col­ the elderly face a desperate struggle just Yet President Ford's response has been to lapse within a month without a continued to stay alive. slash rather than expand federal help for supply of weapons and ammunition from That struggle has become so difficult the elderly. Here are his heart-wrenching the United States of America. South Viet­ and so widespread that it is finally re­ proposals: nam's prospects for survival without addi­ He wants to hold down Social Security in­ tional U.S. aid are reckoned in terms of a ceiving more attention. The new House creases below the Consumer Price Index. The few months, but the fall of Cambodia would Select Committee on Aging, of which I law mandates a projected 8.7 per cent rise in open the way for Communist forces to step am a member, is just one sign of our na­ Social Security payments; the President up their pressure on Saigon and that time­ tional recognition of the problem. And would reduce this to five per cent. For 31 mil­ table might not hold. the Nation's journalists have brought lion Americans, many of them already sub­ The other issue is of much greater conse­ some af these sad stories vividly before a sisting on inadequate diets, this would mean quence to the United States than the fate growing number of American people. an average $80 less a year. of two countries in Southeast Asia, as por­ The President would like to reduce Medi­ tentous as their fall would be in terms of A recent column by Jack Anderson is a care outlays by nearly $1.3 billion in fiscal the future of that part of the \vorld. What :fine example of the kind of media at­ 1976. For ailing senior citizens, the cost of a is at stake is the credibility of commitments tention that may push us to move faster 30-day hospital stay could jump from $92 to which the United States has made to scores in our present efforts to assist our senior $375. The shocking fact, states the report, is of allies in the last quarter-century. citizens. I would like to take this oppor­ that "the elderly now pay more in out-of­ Congressional leaders are not impressed tunity to bring his column to the atten­ pocket payments for medical care than the by the fact that a cut-off of U.S. aid at this tion of my colleagues: year before Medicare became law." time would be disastrous for the Cambo­ Ford is also trying to cut $9 mlllion from dians and South Vietnamese. They say THE PENSION PINCH federal programs which help senior citizens enough is enough. However, they fail to look (By Jack Anderson) to live in their own homes. This would force beyond this narrow issue to the impact of The most pathetic victims of the economic thousands into cold, clinical institutions. such a decision in other parts of the world. squeeze are the elderly, who are described in He hopes to trim another $8 million from Some of the same members of Congress a confidential Senate study as the nation's training programs, which are critically needed who would have us turn our backs on a com­ "most economically disadvantaged age group. to alleviate the shortage of trained person­ mitment to Southeast Asians would be Their story is best told in human terms. nel serving the aged. aghast at the suggestion we reconsider our From geriatric ghettos across the country, He has asked Congress to slash $25.4 mil­ commitment to the survival of Israel. That they have written to us about their troubles: lion from the nutrition program for the would be an invitation to another war in A Miami couple, in their early 70s, dreamed elderly. This is perhaps the cruelest statistic the Middle East. The hope for a negotiated of retiring on a comfortable pension after a of all, which would mean malnutrition for settlement there is based on a balance of lifetime of hard work. Inflation has now thousands. power which the United States has com­ stretched their pension check so thin that The President wants to withhold the ent ire mited itself to help maintain. they can no longer afford the basic neces­ $12 million appropriation for the Older Amer­ If such commitments become question ­ sities. ican Community Service Employment pro­ able, what becomes o! the 20-yea.r st and-of! A 73-year-old Cumberland, Md., woman gram to provide jobs for older workers. Yet between North and South Korea? Why can't squeeze enough money from the $89 in the past six months, the number of work­ should the Soviet Union be impressed by the monthly pension to buy eyeglasses and ers over age 54 who have been thrown out of North Atlantic Treaty Organization, whose t eeth-"the first things that go wrong," she their jobs has jumped 52 per cent. defense of Western Europe is based on a U.S. wrote, "as a person gets older." He also sought to increase the charges for commitment? A devoted Chicago husband scrapes togeth­ food stamps, which would have forced as Another appropriation of aid for Cambodia. er his retirement pennies to buy an occasion­ many as half of the elderly recipients to al slice of his wife's favorite imported and South Vietnam does not mean that ei­ cheese-the only luxury he permits himself. drop out of the program. But provident ly, ther of those countries is going to "win" the A Bluefield, W. Va., widow was compelled Congress has already rejected this proposal. long war that each has been fighting against t o give away her beloved pet cat because After studying President Ford's plans for Communist aggressors. However, it w1ll sig­ she simply can't afford to feed him. the elderly, Sen. Frank Church (D-Idaho) . nal to the Communists that they are not go­ A Greenville, Miss., woman summed up said: "The President is either unaware or ing to win, either, and It 1s that principle t he feelings of many senior citizens in these doesn't care sufficiently about the problems which must prevaU 1! there is to be any poignant words: "The elderly people, who o:t: senior c.itizens today--so znany o:t: whom hope !or a negotiated peace 1n Southeast worked all their lives, gave and gave to the are confronted with unpaid heating bills. Asia. 8298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 22, 1975 South Vietnam and Cambodia. pinned their opened up-and ironically, just during the "I come here during a time when the futures on the word of the United States period of the inauguration ceremonies. economy is not up to par. The United States when the Paris agreements were signed in The inauguration began as scheduled, un­ battles inflation on one side and recession 1973. We cannot go back on our word to der threatening skies, before a large crowd on the other. As the result of a drought and them without causing both our friends and at the Fono Building in Fagatogo. But, by other extenuating circumstances, Samoa has potential enemies to question the defense the time Governor Ruth was sworn in by budgeted expenditures several mlllion dol­ commitments of the United States which Associate Justice Leslie Jochimsen, a tor­ lars more than it has in the treasury. I have are now the cornerstone of world peace. rential downpour had virtually :flooded the just attended the National Governors' Con­ area.. ference in Washington, D.C. Unbalanced The traditional Samoan installation for the budgets were the primary problem of the ·paramount title was performed by High conference. So while our problem is not THE HONORABLE EARL B. RUTH Talking Chiefs Fofo Sunia of the Manu's unique, it is real and will take some belt SWORN IN AS GOVERNOR OF District, Multitauaopele Tamotu of the East­ tightening. Some of our savings will be at AMERICAN SAMOA ern District and Le'oso Malama of the West­ the direction of the Department of the Inte­ ern District, as the rain pour down. rior, and some will be at the direction of the The Vailoatai Vlllage Council and Auma­ Governor and the Fono. aga, which sat patiently through the torrent, "This will not only take a while, but will HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT then carried out the traditional Ava Cere­ OF CALIFORNIA require sacrifice from all of us. While the mony. government officials will direct this cut with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Governor Ruth delivered his inaugural the best advice possible, I know the real Friday, March 21, 1975 speech under conditions that made it vir­ success of balancing the budget rests with tually impossible to hear him-and then the people of Samoa. Let's shoulder this Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I wish said, in a good-natured manner, "Let's end responsibi11ty together and get things to congratulate my good friend, Earl B. it now. You can read my speech in the news­ moving again. Ruth, on his recent inaugw·ation as Gov­ paper." "I know of your desire to some day elect ernor of American Samoa. In less than an hour, the wind, rain, light­ your own governor. Already you elect your ning and thunder which had disrupted the own Fono, and I look forward to working In his new position, Governor Ruth will ceremony, had vanished. But even those utilize the many talents he demonstrated with your elected leaders. I realize that your conditions did not dampen the enthusiasm at vote to postpone electing your own governor during his three terms in Congress as the a damp reception held by the Fono and the to lengthen your period of preparedness took elected Representative from the 8th officials of the Local Government, with as­ both courage and forethought. Let's Congressional District of the State of sistance from the Women's Organization of strengthen our self-confidence by working North Carolina. Earl was a constructive the vlllage of Aua. out our current budget problem. and hard-working member of the Ap­ Now, as Governor Ruth promised, here is "Now you may ask, "What do you want !or his inaugural speech: Samoa?' I want the individuals of this terri­ propriations Committee and his col­ "First, I bring you greetings from the leagues valued his expertise and firm tory to be productive citizens, in a happy, President of the United States. Also, I healthy, environment while retaining the grasp of committee assignments. Earl proudly bring you good tidings from the culture which distinguishes them !rom contributed much to the understanding Secretary of the Interior-Rogers c. B. others. A culture, I might add, that other na­ of the House in the field of fiscal affairs Morton. tions have not had the good fortune to in­ and his presence and sound counsel have "Don't be misled by the distance from herit. I hope your votes will reflect this already been missed. Once again, I con­ here to Washington. President Ford and Sec­ same interest. retary Morton are extremely interested in gratulate Earl, and wish he and his wife, you and what happens in Samoa. If I were "For 2V:z months I have been reading, Jane, much success and happiness in not positive of this, I would not be here. studying, and being briefed on Samoa. But Samoa. "This is the time a new governor could only after being here three short days have In conclusion, I would like to share recall your glorious history or count your I begun to really appreciate what is here. with my colleagues the following news blessings. However, I have chosen to discuss Mrs. Ruth and I were deeply moved by the the present. My appointment as your gov­ reception we received at our early Friday bulletin describing Governor Ruth's morning arrival. We spent most of Saturday inauguration: ernor is marked by circumstances unlike all previous ones. after.noon being shown around the island. (Published by the Office of Samoan Informa­ "For almost half a year, you have been I saw clean streets and yards, with boys, girls, tion Pago Pago, American Samoa] served by an acting governor. This always men and women playing cricket all over the GovERNOR RUTH SwoRN IN makes for uncertainty and is hard on both island. I saw groups sitting in !ales smiling There are some wise Samoans who say the people and the leadership. Let me stop and talking. I saw men, women and children that if rain falls during an important occa­ right here and point out how fortunate constructing new homes and working !arm sion, it is a very good omen. Others say Its both you and I are to have had a person land. I got a big sm11e and wave from most a sign that the Good Lord is bestowing his of the caliber of Frank Mockler as your everyone as I waved and smiled. blessings. governor during this time. You have "In short, in the most beautiful place I If the inauguration of Governor Earl B. prospered by his leadership and understand­ have ever been, I've found happy, friendly Ruth is any indication, the former congress­ ing and I have the advantage of a. smooth people in a land where the most prominent man from North Carolina should do an ex­ transition involving a real gentleman who buildings are churches. cellent job, with the help of an abundance wants only the best !or both you and me. "Before going to bed, I thanked God that of blessings from the Good Lord. Governor, (to Mockler) I assure the people I · had been sent to such a wonderful place. To put it briefly, the heavens literally join me in expressing their thanks. Soifua."

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Saturday, March 22, 1975 The House met at 10 .)'clock a.m. which will bear fruit in the fair and ments, in which the concurrence of the The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch fragrant virtues of faith and hope and House is requested, b1lls o! the House offered the following prayer: love. of the following titles: In the spirit of Him who is th~ Way, H.R. 2166. An act to amend the Internal Jesus said, "I am the Way, the Truth, we pray. Amen. Revenue Code of 1954 to provide for a refund and the Li!e,.--John 14: 6. of 1974 individual income taxes, to increase Our Father God, before this altar of the low income allowance and the percentage prayer set up by our Founding Fathers, THE JOURNAL standard deduction, to provide a credit for we would step aside from the crowded The SPEAKER. The Chair has ex­ certain earned income, to increase the in­ and confused ways of daily life that we vestment credit and the surtax exemption, amined the Journal of the last day's pro­ and for other purposes. may become conscious once again of Thy ceedings and announces to the House presence and from Thee receive wisdom his approval thereof. The message also announced that the and strength for the duties of this de­ Without objection, the Journal stands Senate insists upon its amendments to manding day. May the decisions we make approved. the bill (H.R. 2166) entitled "An act to and the actions we take be for the high­ There was no objection. amend the Internal Revenue Code of est good of our beloved land. 1954 to provide for a refund of 1974 We pray that Thou wilt lead us to individual income taxes, to increase heal the hurts which harm us, to dis­ MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE the low-income allowance and the per­ sipate the differences which divide us A message from the Senate by Mr. centage standard deduction, to provide and help us to plant the seeds of honor Sparrow, one of its clerks, announced a credit for certain earned income, to and honesty in the garden of democracy that the Senate had passed with amend- increase the investment credit and the