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TUNING the OPTICAL and MECHANICAL PROPERTIES of Y2O3 CERAMICS by the INCLUSION of La3+ ION in the MATRIX for INFRARED TRANSPARENT WINDOW APPLICATIONS
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 10, Issue 2, March- April 2019, pp. 1-13, Article ID: IJARET_10_02_001 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=10&Issue=2 ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499 © IAEME Publication TUNING THE OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Y2O3 CERAMICS BY THE INCLUSION OF La3+ ION IN THE MATRIX FOR INFRARED TRANSPARENT WINDOW APPLICATIONS Mathew C.T EMRL, Department of Physics, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India ABSTRACT Infrared transparent windows are generally used to protect highly delicate infrared sensor circuits from the harsh environments. In the present work a combustion technique was effectively used to incorporate La3+ ion in the yttria matrix. The crystallites were in the size limit of 20 nm. Powder characterization using X-ray diffraction, HRTEM and FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the La3+ ions were effectively replacing the Y3+ ion in the yttria matrix. There was a slight reduction in optical band gap with La3+ concentration. A novel sintering mechanism was used for sintering the samples by coupling definite proportions of resistive heating and microwave heating. The highly dense pellets showed better transmittance and hardness properties, which improved with La3+concentration. The present study authorises that combustion synthesis of the samples followed by resistive coupled microwave sintering can effectively be used to tune the optical and mechanical, properties of infrared transparent ceramics. -
Electronic Supporting Information Combined X-Ray Crystallographic
Electronic supporting information Combined X-Ray crystallographic, IR/Raman spectroscopic and periodic DFT investigations of new multicomponent crystalline forms of anthelmintic drugs: a case study of carbendazim maleate. Alexander P. Voronin a), Artem O. Surov a), Andrei V. Churakov b), O. D. Parashchuk c), Alexey A. Rykounov d), Mikhail V. Vener*e) a) G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of RAS, Ivanovo, Russia b) N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of RAS, Moscow, Russia c) Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia d) FSUE "RFNC-VNIITF named after Academ. E.I. Zababakhin", Snezhinsk, Russia e) D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia *Corresponding author: Mikhail V. Vener, e-mail: [email protected] Table of Contents: Section Page S1. Computational details S2-S4 Table S1 S4 Table S2 S4 Table S3 S5 Table S4 S6 Table S5 S7 Table S6 S7 Figure S1 S8 Figure S2 S8 Figure S3 S9 Figure S4 S10 Figure S5 S10 Figure S6 S11 Figure S7 S11 Figure S8 S12 Figure S9 S12 Figure S10 S13 Figure S11 S13 Figure S12 S14 References S15 S1 S1. Computational details S1.1 Periodic (solid-state) DFT calculations and lattice energy calculation Periodic DFT computations with all-electron Gaussian-type orbitals (GTO) were performed using Crystal17 [1]. The 6-31G** basis set was used. The tolerance on energy controlling the self-consistent field convergence for geometry optimizations and frequency computations was set to 10−10 and to 10−11 Hartree, respectively. The number of points in the numerical first- derivative calculation of the analytic nuclear gradients equals 2. -
Transparent Armor Ceramics As Spacecraft Windows
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln NASA Publications National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2012 Transparent Armor Ceramics as Spacecraft Windows Jonathan Salem NASA Glenn Research Center, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nasapub Salem, Jonathan, "Transparent Armor Ceramics as Spacecraft Windows" (2012). NASA Publications. 121. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nasapub/121 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in NASA Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1–9 (2012) DOI: 10.1111/jace.12089 © Journal 2012 The American Ceramic Society Transparent Armor Ceramics as Spacecraft Windows Jonathan A. Salem*,† NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 The slow crack growth parameters of several transparent In addition to generating material properties, an equation is armor ceramics were measured as part of a program to lighten derived to estimate the required window pane mass in terms next generation spacecraft windows. Transparent magnesium of crack growth parameters and specified lifetime. aluminate (spinel, MgAl2O4) and AlON exhibit superior slow crack resistance relative to fused silica, which is the historical II. Test Materials material of choice. For spinel, slow crack growth, strength, and fracture toughness are significantly influenced by the grain size, To date, transparent spinel (MgAl2O4) and aluminum-oxy- and alumina-rich phases and porosity at the grain boundaries nitride (AlON) have been tested by using specimens extracted lead to intergranular fracture in coarse grain spinel. -
Development of Highly Transparent Zirconia Ceramics
11 Development of highly transparent zirconia ceramics Isao Yamashita *1 Masayuki Kudo *1 Koji Tsukuma *1 Highly transparent zirconia ceramics were developed and their optical and mechanical properties were comprehensively studied. A low optical haze value (H<1.0 %), defined as the diffuse transmission divided by the total forward transmission, was achieved by using high-purity powder and a novel sintering process. Theoretical in-line transmission (74 %) was observed from the ultraviolet–visible region up to the infra-red region; an absorption edge was found at 350 nm and 8 µm for the ultraviolet and infrared region, respectively. A colorless sintered body having a high refractive index (n d = 2.23) and a high Abbe’s number (νd = 27.8) was obtained. A remarkably large dielectric constant (ε = 32.7) with low dielectric loss (tanδ = 0.006) was found. Transparent zirconia ceramics are candidates for high-refractive index lenses, optoelectric devices and infrared windows. Transparent zirconia ceramics also possess excellent mechanical properties. Various colored transparent zirconia can be used as exterior components and for complex-shaped gemstones. fabricating transparent cubic zirconia ceramics.9,13-19 1.Introduction Transparent zirconia ceramics using titanium oxide as Transparent and translucent ceramics have been a sintering additive were firstly reported by Tsukuma.15 studied extensively ever since the seminal work on However, the sintered body had poor transparency translucent alumina polycrystal by Coble in the 1960s.1 and low mechanical strength. In this study, highly Subsequently, researchers have conducted many transparent zirconia ceramics of high strength were studies to develop transparent ceramics such as MgO,2 developed. -
Chem 130L: Science of Cooking (NS) Syllabus, Summer Session 2, 2021
Chem 130L: Science of Cooking (NS) Syllabus, Summer Session 2, 2021 (Soft) Prerequisite: CHEM99D or equivalent. Days and time: MW: 5:00-6:15pm; TTh: 7:00-8:15pm Location: • Monday & Wednesday: synchronous (or asynchronous) lecture. • Tuesday & Thursday: synchronous (or independent) lab. Instructor: Patrick Charbonneau Office hour: M 4:00-5:00pm (or by appointment), via Zoom. Chef: Todd Ohle Office/lab hours: TTh 30 mins before and after lab (or by appointment), via Zoom. Teaching assistant: TBA Course Description: Gastronomy is increasingly popular, and its main practitioners are stars. But Ferran Adrià, Joan Roca, and Grant Achatz share more than fame. They use science to create gastronomic art that challenges our culinary experience. Traditional techniques used to be followed blindly; they are now deconstructed to bring them to new heights. In this course we explore the science that lies behind the new frontier in taste. Main course objectives: ● Understand some of the science involved in cooking. ● Discover the tools and technologies used by world-leading chefs for their creation. Secondary objectives : ● Develop an interest in culinary creation. ● Educate one’s sense of taste. Students will handle (and taste) food, in order to consolidate the scientific learning. ANY FOOD ALLERGY MUST BE DECLARED ON THE FIRST DAY OF CLASS. Specialized cooking supplies and material will be mailed before the start of the semester. Standard cooking supplies (cream, flour, sugar, etc) and material (see list below) should be obtained on one’s own. Standard supplies and material should be available on time for the lab session, or earlier, when specified in the lab description. -
PERLUCOR® Transparent Ceramics Transparent, Durable and Hard-Wearing − Wherever It Counts
The Innovative Material for New Dimensions PERLUCOR® Transparent Ceramics Transparent, durable and hard-wearing − wherever it counts Transparent Ceramics PERLUCOR® is opening up completely new areas of application. A material for the extremes: everywhere where conventional glasses, special glasses and protective glasses reach their limits, PERLUCOR® displays greater strength. The material combines transpar ency with the extraordinary qualities of highperformance ceramic. With excellent properties, the optically perfected highperformance ceramic offers superior qualities for transparent extreme applications, for exam ple, in the areas of ARCHITECTURE SCANNERS & DISPLAYS INDUSTRY OPTICS & SENSORS JEWELLERY & DESIGN Let yourself be inspired by this innovative material: for a multitude of new application possibilities. SCRATCH-PROOF HARD CHEMICALLY RESISTANT TEMPERATURE-RESISTANT TRANSPARENT BRILLIANT Architecture Shining prospects for the architecture of the future Think beyond borders. Combine functionality with aesthetics in modern architecture. Transparent Ceramics PERLUCOR® is opening up new perspectives and possibilities. It sur passes the conventional borders of durability and remains abrasionresistant, nonslip, break proof and transparent. Perfect for applications in architecture, such as skywalks, stairways, glass flooring and lighting systems – when it comes to unclouded vision, the greatest stabil ity and lasting robustness. Scanners & Displays Longer-lasting visibility for data collection Scanners and modern displays for data collec tion and processing must consistently withstand high mechanical loads and constantly maintain optimal transparency. To enable data to be collected and processed fast, safely and without error. No problem with PERLUCOR®: its extreme robustness and its resistance to scratches, shocks, wear, chemicals and breakage provide longlasting protection. At airport checkins, or in fingerprint or hand scanners, for example. -
Pathways to Modern Chemical Physics
Pathways to Modern Chemical Physics Bearbeitet von Salvatore Califano 1. Auflage 2012. Buch. xii, 288 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 28179 2 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 608 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Chemie, Biowissenschaften, Agrarwissenschaften > Physikalische Chemie schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Preface This book originates from the suggestion made by several colleagues to extract certain sections from a two-volume book that I recently published in Italian with the Bollati-Boringhieri publishing house. The sections concerned deal with recent developments in chemical physics and the intention was to implement them with additional material in order to produce a book in English, explicitly dealing with the progress of chemical physics, in particular that realized in the last two centuries. As a professor of chemical physics, I felt encouraged to fill this gap by producing a book that could offer to new generations of chemistry students a testimony of the commitments, hopes, and dreams that my generation has experienced throughout this fascinating adventure. Although chemistry has its roots in alchemy, or even earlier in the old Sumerian, Babylonian, and Egyptian cultures, chemical physics became an independent discipline only in the second half of the eighteenth century. At this time the efforts of several scientists interested in developing the basic theoretical aspects of chem- istry and their relationships with physics gave rise to the birth of this new discipline and to the creation of the first chairs and journals of chemical physics. -
From Physical Chemistry to Chemical Physics, 1913-1941
International Workshop on the History of Chemistry 2015 Tokyo From Physical Chemistry to Chemical Physics, 1913-1941 Jeremiah James Ludwig-Maximillian University, Munich, Germany There has never been one unique name for the intersection of chemistry and physics. Nor has it ever been defined by a single, stable set of methods. Nevertheless, it is possible and arguably rewarding to distinguish changes in the constellation of terms and techniques that have defined the intersection over the years. I will speak today about one such change, the advent and ascendancy of chemical physics in the interwar period. When the young Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald first began to formulate his campaign for “physical chemistry” in 1877, he used the term almost interchangeably with two others, “general chemistry” and “theoretical chemistry.” According to his vision of what would soon become a new chemical discipline, physical chemistry would investigate and formulate the general principles that underlie all chemical reactions and phenomena. The primary strategy that he and his allies used to generate these principles was to formulate mathematical “laws” or “rules” generalizing the results of numerous experiments, often performed using measuring apparatus borrowed from physics. Their main fields of inquiry were thermochemistry and solution theory, and they avoided and often openly maligned speculations regarding structures or mechanisms that might underlie the macroscopic regularities embodied in their laws.1 In the first decades of the 20th-century, the modern atomic theory was firmly established, and with only a slight delay, the methods of 19th-century physical chemistry lost a considerable proportion of their audience. Theories relying upon atomistic thinking began to reshape the disciplinary intersections of chemistry and physics, and by the end of the 1930s, cutting-edge research into the general principles of chemistry looked quite different than it had at the turn of the century. -
Solid-State Lasers for Medical Applications 129
5 Solid- state lasers for medical applications J. ŠULC and H. JELÍNKOVÁ, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic DOI: 10.1533/9780857097545.2.127 Abstract: The goal of this chapter is to provide the fundamentals of solid- state lasers used in medical applications. After a brief introduction, the fundamental properties of solid- state laser active media are described. The main part of this chapter contains the description of a solid- state laser system, its pumping and cooling, modes of operation, and emission wavelength control, including a non- linear conversion of radiation. In the following part, a detailed description of selected solid- state laser types used in medical applications is given. At the end of this chapter, the construction and materials of some novel solid- state lasers are described. Key words: solid- state lasers, non- linear conversion of radiation, laser crystal, diode pumping, Q-switching, tunable solid- state laser. 5.1 Introduction Solid- state lasers (SSL) are attractive sources of coherent radiation for various scientifi c as well as industrial applications. As was mentioned in Chapter 2 , lasers can be divided into fi ve groups: solid- state, semiconductor, liquid, gas, and plasma lasers. According to the state of a laser active environment, solid- state and semiconductor lasers can be integrated into one group, because both these active media are in solid form. But, in a narrower sense of the term, solid-state lasers are systems whose active medium consists of a transparent solid matrix (e.g. crystal, glass or ceramics) doped by an optically active ion and using optical pumping for excitation. -
Strategic Marketing Innovations, Incorporated
Overview of the Advanced Ceramics Industry in the United States John E. Holowczak Chair, United States Advanced Ceramics Association Associate Director – Advanced Materials United Technologies Research Center Glen Mandigo and Doug Freitag, USACA 1020 Nineteenth St. NW Suite 375 Washington, D.C. 20036 This document does not contain any export controlled technical data. Introduction to USACA Established in 1985 to promote the research, development, and application of advanced ceramics 38 member companies and organizations USACA works to promote advanced ceramic materials, disseminate information about the materials, and interface with the U.S. government on behalf of the industry. Members advise federal agencies through technology roadmaps and conferences. Active technology roadmaps include: Advanced Ceramics Technology Roadmap, 2001 Advanced Ceramics for Distributed Energy, 2004 Ceramic Composites Affordability and Producibility Initiative, 2009 Transparent Ceramic Armor Producibility Roadmap, 2013 Transparent Ceramic Sensor Windows Roadmap, 2017 Ceramic Composites Affordability and Producibility Roadmap update, 2016 2 This page does not contain any export controlled technical data. What are Advanced Ceramics Lightweight, strong materials capable of performing in extreme environments: High Temperature and Pressure High Stiffness and Durability Ultra Hard & Tough Surface Not This! 3 This page does not contain any export controlled technical data. Membership Across the Supply Chain Design/Stds/ Raw Test & Research Fabrication Machining -
Transparent Ballistic Armour Ceramics. Recent Advances and Issues to Be Overcome
Transparent ballistic armour ceramics. Recent advances and issues to be overcome Felipe Orgaz Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio, CSIC, Spain Transparent armour is a system designed to be -Transparent ceramics offer significant ballistic optically transparent to support dynamic protection in relation to conventional glass/plastic fragmentation when subjected to the high strain systems. A few companies produce this kind of rates produced by ballistic impacts. They are mainly products: Surmet (ALON® technology), Armorline used to protect vehicle occupants from terrorist (Spinel), Saint Gobain Group (Sapphire), Technology actions and other hostile conflicts, as visors for non- Assessment and Transfer (TA&T) (Spinel). For combat use like riot control or explosive actions, etc. technology transfer: Fraunhofer Institut (IKTS). Light weight, small thickness, low optical distortion, compatibility with night vision equipment and multi Some issues must be overcome: commercial hit capability are needed to defeat armour piercing availability, very high cost raw materials, high ammunitions (AP) threats. These systems consist of investments, complex processing techniques (hot a sandwich structure with a hard front layer of pressing, hot isostatic pressing, Spark Plasma transparent ceramic joined to several plies of glass Sintering), machining and polishing costs, large with polymer inter layers and polycarbonate formats and curved shapes, new structural designs backing. Advances in material science and for multi hit capability, etc technology over the last 40 years has made available sub-μm grain size polycrystalline α- Al2O3 -Several programs are investigating for cost aluminium oxynitride (AlON) , magnesium aluminate reduction, new processing ways and scale up of spinel (MgAl2O4)3 and these materials: As strategies are proposed: single crystal sapphire (Al2O3) as alternative ceramic Conventional pressureless sintering, gel casting, materials able to satisfy the requirements of nanotechnology, nanocomposite optical ceramics transparency and hardness for armours application. -
Materials Science Graduate Program Student Handbook Rev
Kent State University Materials Science Graduate Program Student Handbook Rev. June/2020 Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 2 3. Programs Learning Outcomes .............................................................................................................. 2 4. Graduate Program Contact Information ............................................................................................. 3 5. Application Procedure .......................................................................................................................... 3 5.1 Application Deadline ........................................................................................................................... 3 5.2 Application Requirement .................................................................................................................... 4 6. Admission Process ................................................................................................................................ 4 6.1 Admission Decision Timeline .............................................................................................................. 5 7. Financial Support .................................................................................................................................. 5 8. Taxes on Stipend .................................................................................................................................