DOCSLIB.ORG

(Polemoniaceae) Section Gilmania

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Polemoniaceae) Section Gilmania Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1965-08-01 Revision of gilia (polemoniaceae) section gilmania M. Eileen Matthews Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Matthews, M. Eileen, "Revision of gilia (polemoniaceae) section gilmania" (1965). Theses and Dissertations. 8086. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8086 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. REVISIONOF GILIA (POLEMONIACEAE) SECTIONGILMANIA A Thesis Presented to the Department of Botany and Range Science Brigham Young University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by M. Eileen Matthews May, 1971 • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgment is made for the valuable suggestions and help given by the chairman of my advisory committee, Dr. Stanley L. Welsh, the chairman of the Department of Botany and Range Science, Dr. Dayna L. Stocks, and other members of my committee, Drs. Glen Moore and Dorald M. Allred. The author is also indebted to Daniel K. Johnson for photographic work, Dr. James L. Reveal and N. Duane Atwood for assis- tance in collection, and to Dr. Janice C. Beatley who made it possible for the author to pursue field work in the desert mountains of the United States Atomic Energy Commission's Nevada Test Site. Special is also given to the curntors of the hcrbaria who made spcciwcns available for study. Financial assistance was provided (in part) by a fellowship from the National Science Foundation (no. 999-00-8118). The Department of Botany and Range Science, Brigham Young University, supplied laboratory space, equipment, supplies, and financial support. iii TABLEOF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS V INTRODUCTION•...•. 1 Statement of Problem 1 Methods and Procedures 2 History of the Section 4 Infrageneric Relationships 10 General Morphology 32 Distribution and Ecology 43 Phylogeny 49 Cytology 51 TAXONOMY. 54 Key to the species of Gilia section Gilrnania 55 Gilia latifolia 55 Gilia ripleyi 63 SUMMARY 71 REFERENCES 72 APPENDIXA 78 APPENDIXB. 84 iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Holotype of Q. latifolia .. 5 2. Q. scopulorum collected from type locality 6 3. Isotype of G. stellata 7 4. Isotype of G. ripleyi 8 5. Leaf variation in G. latifolia 14 6. Leaf variation in G. la.tifolia 14 7. Leaf variation in G. ripleyi 15 8. Leaf variation in G. scopulorum 17 9. Leaf variation in G. stellata 17 10. Herbage pubescence in G. latifolia 19 11. Herbage pubescence in G. stellata 19 12. External flower form in G. latifolia and G. ripleyi 21 13. External flower form in G. scopulorum and G. stellata 21 14. Internal flower form in G. latifolia, G. ripleyi, Q. scopulorum, and Q. stellata 24 15. Capsule form in G. latifolia and Q. ripleyi 26 16. Capsule form in G. scopulorum and G. stellata 26 17. Seed form in G. latifolia, G. ripleyi, Q. scopulorum, and G. stellata . •.....• 28 18. Seed coat reaction to water in G. latifolia 30 19. Seed coat reaction to water in G. stellata. 30 20. Epidermal pattern in section Gilmania 34 21. Trichome form in section Gilmania 36 V Figure Page 22. Inflorescence in G. latifolia 38 23. Inflorescence in G. ripleyi .. 38 24. Petal venation in section Gilmania 40 25. Pollen form in section Gilmania ..• 42 26. Physiographic map of the southwestern United States . 45 27. Habitat of G. latifolia and~- ripleyi . 47 28. Pollen cell of G. ripleyi 52 29. G. latifolia 57 30. Southwestern United States. Distribution of G. latifolia 61 31. G. ripleyi 65 32. Southern Nevada and adjacent south~astern California. Distribution of G. ripleyi ...•........ 69 vi INTRODUCTION Statement of Problem The need for a revision of section Gilmania became apparent while the author was making routine identifications within the genus Gilia. Within Gilia, the taxa occupying the same general area have a strong tendency to exhibit parallel characteristics in response to common habit- at. This is especially true among the small-flowered species inhabiting the arid regions of the southwestern United States. In this region, gaps in variation between sympatric species are oftentimes less apparent than the gaps between related subspecies, making definition of infrageneric categories diffi~ilt. Subgenus Gilmania, as constituted by Mason and Grant (1948), although numbered among the small-flowered, arid region taxa, has been one of the most distinctive groups within the genus. The morphological and ecological relationships between its two members, G. latifolia and Gilia ripleyi are very close. A precursory study of contemporary keys and descriptions showed this closeness was no longer apparent beca•1se of the inclusion of additional species since 1956. With expansion of the group by Grant and Grant (1956a), two highly divergent groups were recognized within the section Gilmania (so reduced by Grant and Grant [1956a]). Later as a final modification, the original complex was completely obliterated (Grant, 1959) by its inclusion within the high- ly heterogeneous section Giliastrum, a group which combines a suffrutes- cent, broad-leaved, spiny, relict perennial with highly evolved, exceed- ingly delicate, linear-leaved annuals. This grouping alone warranted 2 closer analysis. Inasmuch as no explanation was given by Grant and Grant (1956a) or by Grant (1959) for the modifications other than "in view of the evident relationship. ." in the former publication, this study was undertaken to clarify the morphological, ecological, phylogenetic and cytological relationships of Q. latifolia and Q. ripleyi and to establish possible reasons behind the changes in classication. Methods and Procedures Data were obtained from herbarium specimens and from living plants in their natural ranges in Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah. Type specimens of both Q. latifolia and Q. ripleyi were examined. The measurement of large structures such as stem, leaf, and inflo- rescence was with a metric ruler. Plant height was measured from the base of the stem to the tip of the inflorescence. Leaf measurement was from the base of the petiole to the tip of the blade. Measurement of inflorescence was from the node of the lowest flowering branch to the apex of the highest flower. The measurement of small structures such as calyces, flowers, and capsules was by ocular micrometer fitted to the eyepiece of a dissecting microscope. When given, the extremes of dimen- sions were separated from the normal range by parentheses. All ratios are the quotients of the first measurement divided into the second. Paraffin sections (Gray, 1964) were used to make a series of slides from leaf, stem, root, flower and fruit. Pollen material was incidental on flower slides. Celluloidin peels (Sinclair, 1961) of the ab- and ad- axial surfaces of larger leaves were also made. Flowers and epidermal peels taken from pressed plant materials were first softened overnight in Pohlstoffe (Pohl, 1954) before they were mounted. Cytological material was collected during the summer of 1970 from 3 representative localities in California, Nevada, and Arizona. Chromo- some number determinations were made from pollen mother cells of flower buds (ca. 3.5 nun long from tip to base of calyx in Q. ripleyi, ca. 3.2 mm in G. latifolia) possessing anthers in a stage just prior to the in- itiation of chlorophyll production, the latter an indication of tetrad formation and overmaturity. Immediately upon collection, the huds·were fixed in a mixture of one part glacial acetic acid and three parts ab- solute alcohol and then refrigerated. After twenty-four hours in the above solution, the buds were stored in seventy per cent alcohol to pre- vent the brittleness associated with prolonged storage in fixative. The buds were then pre-stained for a variable period of time in acetocarmine dye, the anthers removed, and the pollen mother cells liberated. Stan- dard procedures .(Gray, 1964) were followed in mounting. A list of herbaria from which specimens were examined is given below. The abbreviations are, with a few exceptions, the standard ones given by Lanjouw and Staffleu (1964). ARIZ University of Arizona, Tucson ASC Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff BRY Brigham Young University, Provo (Utah) CAS California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco DIX Dixie Junior College, St. George (Utah) DS Dudley Herbarium, Stanford (California) GCT Grant Canyon National Monument Herbarium, Toroweap (Arizona) GH Gray Herbarium, Cambridge (Massachusetts) JEPS Jepson Herbarium, Berkeley (California) MO Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis NTS Atomic Energy Commission, Nevada Test Site, Mercury NY New York Botanical Garden, New York 4 ORE University of Oregon, Eugene POM Pomona College, Claremont (California) RM Rocky Mountain Herbarium, Laramie (Wyoming) RSA Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont UC University of Ca1iforrtia, Berkeiey US United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. UT University of Utah, Salt Lake City lITC Intermountain Herbarium, Logan (Utah) WTU University of Washington, Seattle History of the Section Interpretation of the generic limits within the family Polemoni- aceae has had a long and difficult history. Gilia, the largest genus, has proved especially problematical to taxonomists. With the exception of Phlox and Polemonium, at some time or other, all of the herbaceous genera in the Polemoniaceae have been included in Gilia. The first species of section Gilmania to be described was Q. lati- folia. Collected by Dr. C. C. Parry at the "Valley of the Virgen [sic] near St. George," Utah in 1874, and described by Watson (1875) the fol- lowing year, the type specimen (Fig. 1) was included by its author in section Gilia (=Eugilia). Watson stated, however, that it was of "pecu- liar habit ... not approaching closely any of the other species." Three years later, Q. scopulorum (Fig. 2) was named by M.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • © 2020 Theodore Payne Foundation for Wild Flowers & Native Plants. No
    May 8, 2020 Theodore Payne Foundation’s Wild Flower Hotline is made possible by donations, memberships and sponsors. You can support TPF by shopping the online gift store as well. A new, pay by phone, contactless plant pickup system is now available. Details here. Widespread closures remain in place. If you find an accessible trail, please practice social distancing. The purpose for the Wild Flower Hotline now is NOT to send you to localities for wild flower viewing, but to post photos that assure you—virtually—that California’s wild spaces are still open for business for flowers and their pollinators. LA County’s Wildlife Sanctuaries are starting to dry up from the heat. This may be the last week to see flowers at Jackrabbit Flats and Theodore Payne Wildlife Sanctuaries near Littlerock in the high desert. Yellow is the dominant color with some pink and white scattered about. Parry’s linanthus (Linanthus parryae) and Bigelow’s coreopsis (Leptosyne bigelovii), are widespread. Small patches of goldfields (Lasthenia californica), and Mojave sun cups (Camissonia campestris) are still around. If you are visiting around dusk, the evening snow (Linanthus dichotomus) open up and put on a display that lives up to its name. Strewn around are Pringle’s woolly sunflower (Eriophyllum pringlei), white tidy tips (Layia glandulosa), owl’s clover (Castilleja sp.) and desert dandelion (Malacothrix glabrata). Underneath the creosote bushes, lacy phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) is seeking out some shade. Theodore Payne Sanctuary has all these flowers, and because it has more patches of sandy alluvial soils, has some cute little belly flowers like Wallace’s wooly daisy (Eriophyllum wallacei) and purple mat (Nama demissa) too.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix F3 Rare Plant Survey Report
    Appendix F3 Rare Plant Survey Report Draft CADIZ VALLEY WATER CONSERVATION, RECOVERY, AND STORAGE PROJECT Rare Plant Survey Report Prepared for May 2011 Santa Margarita Water District Draft CADIZ VALLEY WATER CONSERVATION, RECOVERY, AND STORAGE PROJECT Rare Plant Survey Report Prepared for May 2011 Santa Margarita Water District 626 Wilshire Boulevard Suite 1100 Los Angeles, CA 90017 213.599.4300 www.esassoc.com Oakland Olympia Petaluma Portland Sacramento San Diego San Francisco Seattle Tampa Woodland Hills D210324 TABLE OF CONTENTS Cadiz Valley Water Conservation, Recovery, and Storage Project: Rare Plant Survey Report Page Summary ............................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................2 Objective .......................................................................................................................... 2 Project Location and Description .....................................................................................2 Setting ................................................................................................................................... 5 Climate ............................................................................................................................. 5 Topography and Soils ......................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Plant and Rodent Communities of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument
    Plant and rodent communities of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Warren, Peter Lynd Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 16:51:51 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/566520 PLANT AND RODENT COMMUNITIES OF ORGAN PIPE CACTUS NATIONAL.MONUMENT by Peter Lynd Warren A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 9 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of re­ quirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judg­ ment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholar­ ship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.
    [Show full text]
  • January 2014 (Volume 37 Number 1)
    Sego Lily January 2014 37 (1) January 2014 (volume 37 number 1) In this issue: Unidentified Flowering Object . 2 Bulletin Board . 3 2013 UNPS Annual Meeting . 4 Grow This: Medium Perennial Forbs . 5 Twisted Stalk . 6 Why are Plants Giving you a Buzz? . 7 The Conundrum of Common Names . 8 Botanist’s Bookshelf: Flora of the Four Corners Region . 10 The flowers of Dwarf cryptanth (Cryptantha humilis) appear large in this photo, but are ac- tually no more than 1/4 inch wide and barely longer than the bristly calyx tube. Each bloom has a ring of five raised yellow knobs (called fornices) that surround the opening to the corolla. Cryptanths with prominent fornices are sometimes given the common name “cat’s-eye”. Dwarf cryptanth is the most common and widespread of the 20 or so small-flowered perennial cryptanths in Utah. Species in this group are notoriously difficult to differentiate without mature fruits, and these are not readily visible without dissecting the inflated calyx. Taxonomists disagree on whether the perennial species should be placed in a separate genus (Oreocarya) based on differences in life history, floral morphol- ogy, and pollination biology. Photo by Steve Hegji. Copyright 2014 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Committees Website: For late-breaking news, the Conservation: Bill King & Tony Frates UNPS store, the Sego Lily archives, Chap- Education: Ty Harrison ter events, sources of native plants, Horticulture: Maggie Wolf the digital Utah Rare Plant Field Guide, Important Plant Areas: Mindy Wheeler and more, go to unps.org. Many thanks Invasive Weeds: Susan Fitts to Xmission for sponsoring our web- Publications: Larry Meyer & W.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic and Taxonomic Studies in Gilia: VIII. the Cobwebby Gilias Alva Grant
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 3 | Issue 3 Article 2 1956 Genetic and Taxonomic Studies in Gilia: VIII. The Cobwebby Gilias Alva Grant Verne Grant Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Grant, Alva and Grant, Verne (1956) "Genetic and Taxonomic Studies in Gilia: VIII. The oC bwebby Gilias," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 3: Iss. 3, Article 2. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol3/iss3/2 EL ALISO VOL. 3. No. 3, pp. 203-287 }UNE 1, 1956 GENETIC AND TAXONOMIC STUDIES IN GILIA VIII. THE COBWEBBY GILIAS1 ALVA GRANT AND VERNE GRANT HISTORY OF THE SECTION The section Arachnion of Gilia, including the species G. tenuiftora, G. latiftora, G. ochroleuca, G. sinuata, and their relatives, is the largest single group in the genus, comprising some 44 taxa distributed among 17 species. This section has its principal center of distribution in California, where all but three of the species (G. mexicana, G. tweedyi and G. crassifolia) and all but four of the taxa (the aforenamed species plus G. ophthalmoides ftavocincta) occur. The Cobwebby Gilias2 have evolved the largest number of taxa and attained the greatest abundance of indi­ viduals in the Mojave Desert and the mountain ranges on its western border. The group extends also into various peripheral areas, particularly the South Coast Range of California, Baja California, the Sonoran Desert of Arizona, the Organ and Franklin Mountains region of New Mexico and western Texas, the northern Sierra Nevada, the Great Basin, and the Rocky Mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Palouse Forbs for Landscaping
    More Palouse Forbs for Landscaping. by David M. Skinner, Paul Warnick, Bill French, and Mary Fauci November, 2005 The following is an additional list of native forbs which may be found in the Palouse region. These forbs may be less suitable for the landscape because of growth habit, aggressiveness, difficulty in propagating and growing, rarity, or it simply may be that we haven’t yet tried to do anything with them. For a list of Palouse forbs which may be more suitable for landscaping and about which we have more information to share, please see “Characteristics and Uses of Native Palouse Forbs in Landscaping.” Nomenclature used in this document also follows Hitchcock, C. Leo, and Arthur Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. Univ. of Washington Press. Seattle, WA. In order to facilitate searching for a particular species, we have included some common names and alternate scientific names, but this is by no means intended to be a comprehensive source of common names or synonyms. Detailed information on propagation of many native species can be found at <http://nativeplants.for.uidaho.edu/network/search.asp?SearchType=Continental> Agastache urticifolia is probably too large a plant for a small garden. Requires a moist site. Easy to grow from seed. Plants have a minty smell and a very interesting flower. Common names include nettle-leafed giant hyssop, horsemint. Agoseris grandiflora is not a particularly attractive plant, it looks rather like a weed. Short-lived and attracts rodents, which eat the taproot and kill the plants. Easy to grow from seed, which is wind-borne and goes everywhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromosome Numbers in the Polemoniaceae Representatives Of
    1937 171 Chromosome Numbers in the Polemoniaceae By Walter S. Flory Division of Horticulture, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station This family is divided by systematists into two subfamilies. Cobaeoideae is composed of the genera Cantua, Huthia, and Cobaea which are tall shrubs, trees, or vines. The approximately fourteen other (herbaceous or low shrubby) genera comprise the subfamily Polemonioideae. From the standpoint of number of included species the most important of these latter genera are Gilia, Phlox, Polemo nium, and Collomia. The genera Phlox and Polemonium are each quite distinct and their species are seldom confused with those of other genera, but the remaining twelve genera of this subfamily apparently do not have taxonomic boundaries of equivalent distinctness. Certain species have been placed in one genus by one author, and in one or more different genera by others. The genus Gilia has been ex tended by some writers to include practically all species of the Polemonioideae outside of the genera Phlox and Polemonium. This was first pointed out to me by Professor Edgar T. Wherry who is making a taxonomic and geographic study of the Polemoniaceae, and was increasingly emphasized as literature sources and herbarium specimens were consulted and examined. It has been the purpose of the work herein presented to secure data on all obtainable polemoniaceous species with respect to chro mosome numbers, size, and general morphology. Especial attention has been given to securing information of significance from a taxono mic standpoint. Since several factors combine to make the immedi ate completion of the original program impossible it seems desirable, meanwhile, to present the accumulated data, together with suggested conclusions.
    [Show full text]
  • Ventura County Plant Species of Local Concern
    Checklist of Ventura County Rare Plants (Twenty-second Edition) CNPS, Rare Plant Program David L. Magney Checklist of Ventura County Rare Plants1 By David L. Magney California Native Plant Society, Rare Plant Program, Locally Rare Project Updated 4 January 2017 Ventura County is located in southern California, USA, along the east edge of the Pacific Ocean. The coastal portion occurs along the south and southwestern quarter of the County. Ventura County is bounded by Santa Barbara County on the west, Kern County on the north, Los Angeles County on the east, and the Pacific Ocean generally on the south (Figure 1, General Location Map of Ventura County). Ventura County extends north to 34.9014ºN latitude at the northwest corner of the County. The County extends westward at Rincon Creek to 119.47991ºW longitude, and eastward to 118.63233ºW longitude at the west end of the San Fernando Valley just north of Chatsworth Reservoir. The mainland portion of the County reaches southward to 34.04567ºN latitude between Solromar and Sequit Point west of Malibu. When including Anacapa and San Nicolas Islands, the southernmost extent of the County occurs at 33.21ºN latitude and the westernmost extent at 119.58ºW longitude, on the south side and west sides of San Nicolas Island, respectively. Ventura County occupies 480,996 hectares [ha] (1,188,562 acres [ac]) or 4,810 square kilometers [sq. km] (1,857 sq. miles [mi]), which includes Anacapa and San Nicolas Islands. The mainland portion of the county is 474,852 ha (1,173,380 ac), or 4,748 sq.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Site R030XD040CA Hyperthermic Steep North Slopes
    Natural Resources Conservation Service Ecological site R030XD040CA Hyperthermic Steep North Slopes Accessed: 09/27/2021 General information Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site. Figure 1. Mapped extent Areas shown in blue indicate the maximum mapped extent of this ecological site. Other ecological sites likely occur within the highlighted areas. It is also possible for this ecological site to occur outside of highlighted areas if detailed soil survey has not been completed or recently updated. MLRA notes Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 030X–Mojave Desert MLRA Description: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 30, Mojave Desert, is found in southern California, southern Nevada, the extreme southwest corner of Utah and northwestern Arizona within the Basin and Range Province of the Intermontane Plateaus. The climate of the area is hot (primarily hyperthermic and thermic; however at higher elevations, generally above 5000 feet, mesic, cryic and frigid) and dry (aridic). Elevations range from below sea level to over 12,000 feet in the higher mountain areas found within the MLRA. Due to the extreme elevational range found within this MLRA, Land Resource Units (LRUs) were designated to group the MLRA into similar land units. LRU Description: This Land Resource Unit (designated by ‘XD’) is found on the eastern side of California. Elevations range from 400 to 2200 feet on average, but may be found up to 3600 feet on southern exposures. Precipitation ranges from 1 to 6 inches per year, but averages between 2-4 inches.
    [Show full text]
  • TAXON:Gilia Tricolor SCORE:4.5 RATING:Low Risk
    TAXON: Gilia tricolor SCORE: 4.5 RATING: Low Risk Taxon: Gilia tricolor Family: Polemoniaceae Common Name(s): bird's eyes Synonym(s): Gilia tricolor f. nivalis Voss tri color gilia Gilia tricolor subsp. tricolor Gilia tricolor var. longipedicellata Greenm. Assessor: Assessor Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 29 Sep 2014 WRA Score: 4.5 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Annual, Wildflower, Naturalized, Self-Compatible, Bee-pollinated Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Low tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 n subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1,
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Flora of the Liebre Mountains, Western Transverse Ranges, California Steve Boyd Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 18 | Issue 2 Article 15 1999 Vascular flora of the Liebre Mountains, western Transverse Ranges, California Steve Boyd Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Boyd, Steve (1999) "Vascular flora of the Liebre Mountains, western Transverse Ranges, California," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 18: Iss. 2, Article 15. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol18/iss2/15 Aliso, 18(2), pp. 93-139 © 1999, by The Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA 91711-3157 VASCULAR FLORA OF THE LIEBRE MOUNTAINS, WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES, CALIFORNIA STEVE BOYD Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 N. College Avenue Claremont, Calif. 91711 ABSTRACT The Liebre Mountains form a discrete unit of the Transverse Ranges of southern California. Geo­ graphically, the range is transitional to the San Gabriel Mountains, Inner Coast Ranges, Tehachapi Mountains, and Mojave Desert. A total of 1010 vascular plant taxa was recorded from the range, representing 104 families and 400 genera. The ratio of native vs. nonnative elements of the flora is 4:1, similar to that documented in other areas of cismontane southern California. The range is note­ worthy for the diversity of Quercus and oak-dominated vegetation. A total of 32 sensitive plant taxa (rare, threatened or endangered) was recorded from the range. Key words: Liebre Mountains, Transverse Ranges, southern California, flora, sensitive plants. INTRODUCTION belt and Peirson's (1935) handbook of trees and shrubs. Published documentation of the San Bernar­ The Transverse Ranges are one of southern Califor­ dino Mountains is little better, limited to Parish's nia's most prominent physiographic features.
    [Show full text]