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Vol. 4 Lucknow, U. P., June, 1913 No. 6

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PIANOS, ORGANS, HARMONIUMS. The best stock in India and the best value for any price. - : 0 : - LISTS POST FREE FORT, BOMBAY S. ROSE & CO. Telegrams, Rosebuc," Bombay CON TENTS Articles Page EDITORIAL Sunstroke—Heat Prostration . 131 GENERAL ARTICLES Some Antecedents of Tooth Decay 134 Alcohol as a Food 137 Nervousness .. 139 Care of the Voice • • 140 THE HOUSE WE LIVE IN Our Waste System; The Kidneys .. .. 142 HEALTHFUL COOKERY Vegetables .. .. 144 Greens and Vegetables Are of Much Benefit .. 14:1 MOTHER and CHILD How Shall We Educate Our Girls.. .. 146 PHYSICAL CULTURE The Requirements of Healthful Exercise .. I H CURRENT COMMENT Medical Education in the 'United States—Prevention of Arteriosclerosis—Boston Alayor Eschews Meat—Education and Health -The%Treatment of Intestinal Disorder 150-i.}:; NEWS NOTES • • • • • . 154,135 PUBLISHERS NOTES .. 156

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HERALD OF HEALTH

The Indian Health Magazine.

V. L. Mann, M. D., Editor S. A. Wellman, Asso. Editor. Vol. 4 Lucknow, U. P., June, 1913. No. 6 Sunstroke,---Heat Prostration THERE is some difference of opinion as Major Chamberlain in his report says, to the cause of this condition. Some feel "It is well known that heat and humidity that the changes brought about are due to in an experimental chamber, and in the the actinic rays of the sun, while others absence of light, can produce symp- argue that the actinic rays of the sun are toms similiar to thole occurring in milder concerned but very little, if at all, and degree among residents of the tropics. that the chief causes are of an internal We think it is probable these two factors, nature in which the body is mostly impli- combined with infection, homesickness, cated. Very little scientific work has been and monotony, account for most, if not all done in this line. Inasmuch as this is of the injurious effects seen in the tropical necessary before we can arrive at any lands." definitive conclusions, we must patiently In summing up he gives as one of his wait and see what the future reveals. conclusions. "It is doubtful if the actinic The current idea in India seems to be component of the sunlight is a factor in that this symptom complex in man is due tropical morbidity and deterioration." to the actinic rays of the sun. Every one With this we have to place the recent wears a topee, young or old, weak or strong. experiments of Leonard Hill who has Even people who are born in this country proved that depressing symptoms similiar wear the topee. The larger and thicker to those experienced in heat prostration the topee, the better. As far as we know are caused by excessive humidity and at present this no doubt is the safer plan lack of the circulation of the air. That to follow, but there are some evidences as soon as these conditions are removed which shake the actinic ray theory. the individuals become themselves again. The most valuable scientific work yet This is a condition that is not confined done on this subject has been done in the to the tropics as there are days in the Phillipine Islands. Medical authority in warm season of the more northern lati- the Islands has made an exhaustive study tudes in which our larger cities report on the effects of the tropical sun upon the quite a number of cases of heatstroke with human being. considerable mortality, cities like London, Observations have been made on the Paris, New York, Chicago and Philadel- blood-pressure, pulse rate, red cell count, phia. and hacemoglobin of man in the tropics. If on the days that these centres of It has been shown that the tropical sun humanity report large numbers of sun- had no deleterious effect upon these stroke, the barometric observations are physiological processes of the body. made, it will be found that these are days 132 HERALD OF HEALTH

humid to the extreme without circulation to try to overcome these effects. We of the air. This condition is aggravated wait, as we have said before, in the pre- by the tall sky-scrapers. On these same sent knowledge of sunstroke and do not days, under the same sun, some little dis- make any comment on the wearing of a tance from the city as many fatalities in topee, but we will make the statement proportion will not occur. This again that it is best to leave liquor alone. "Two would seem to corroborate the idea that evils never make one right." Dr. Tyson, humidity and a stillness of the air are an eminent physician, also makes the important factors in the causation of heat statement that in sunstroke the habitual prostration. That it is not those who are use of alcohol is found a potent predispos- exercising out-doors in the sun that more ing cause—at least alcoholics succumb often succumb to the influences of the very much sooner to the influence of over sun, but that those who are tied up in heat than non-alcoholics. inside work suffer most is a point worthy In concluding our remarks on the cause of note. of sunstroke we quote a statement made Another factor that requires some by the editor of the Indian Medical attention because of the relation that it Gazette. "The alleged deleterious effects bears to sunstroke is alcohol. In India are many and due to either heat, humidity, this is a very important thing, as alcohol is lack of exercise, disturbed sleep, improper considered almost a necessity to with- food, bad water, alcholic and venereal ex- stand tropical influences. cesses, and more than all, infection by Weisenburg has noted in his experience animal and vegetable parasites." in the tropics that it made no matter how Insertion much liquor a man drank; it was not until Gibbs says that the clothing for human he was exposed to the heat that he would beings for protection from the sun, should be at all affected and then very suddenly. afford the greatest shade without obstruct- Of course in elderly persons or those who ing air currents, carrying off evaporated are weak and sick there is every reason moisture. The superiority of white over why the heat should affect them, but in colored materials as a reflector of the the young adult it hardly ever occurs ex- sun's rays has been demonstrated by ex- cept in those who have been drinking. periment. The ideal condition is attained There are many who become affected by the shade of a white umbrella lined by the extreme heat who do not drink, with green cloth and supplemented by as but it will be very rare that we find an little clothing as possible. A broad brim- individual affected by the sun unless his med, light-weight white helmet, the band nervous system, heart, or blood-vessels of which is so arranged that the frame of have undergone pathological changes. the hat does not touch the head, is the Many cass come under our care who are best substitute for an umbrella There unable to stand the effects of a tropical are different manifestations of sunstroke. climate who do not drink, but examination It is generally divided into four or five has revealed a faulty nervous system or stages according to the severity of the heart or else he has been subject to symptoms. arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arter- The symptoms of the average case of ies. One thing does appear to us as in- sunstroke is a sense of uncomfortable consistent and that is, that whatever evil burning heat and feeling of oppression effects there may •be in residing in the may precede the stroke. At times no tropics we do our best to foster by indulg- warning is given and the patient becomes ing in alcoholics, and amp wear 4 topee 514d4gply unconscious. Sometimes int( rise HERALD OP HEALTH 133 headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting If cold water or ice are not in reach with diarrhoea are present. The tem- evaporation should be encouraged by the perature rises to 107 or 112 F. The punkah. An artifical cold water can be patient becomes comatose, in which a low made by adding to a quart of as cold muttering delirium and restlessness is water as can be obtained eight ounces of manifest. The breathing bec'mes labour. ammoLium nitrate. ed and difficult and the pulse frequent and A very intense degree of cold may be full. Convulsions may put in an appear- obtained by means of carbon dioxide gas ance. From this state the patient may condensed in the form of snow. The go on until death ushers in the end or the liquid c ci 2 is kept in a reservoir from patient may begin to improve by an which leads a pipe from which the liquid abatement of the temperature and a return gas is allowed to escape into a flannel bag of the pulse and respiration to normal. filled with absorbant cotton. Evapora- The outcome will depend upon the tion takes place so rapidly that a temper- severity of the symptoms and the prompt- ature of low degree is reached. This is ness and thoroughness of the treatment. then slipped into a rubber mackintosh bag Some fall dead immediately, 70% recover. and the whole is used as a compress or A temperature of 110' to 112° is grave. ice bag. One of these two conveniences The disabilities resulting from sunstroke ought to be kept on hand when one is are mostly due to the force of the dis- living in a place in- the tropics where ice ease being spent upon the nervous system. cannot be obtained. It might be the These are paralysis of various kinds. means of saving the life of a number of Disturbances of speech, tremor, paralysis individuals in your vicinity. of limbs, paralysis of one side of the body, In the treatment of sun-stroke the facial palsy, neurasthenia, hysteria, and bowels should be thoroughly kept open, mental weakness. These may be per- which no doubt can be accomplished by manent or as the patient picks up in the cold enemas. Still a dose of one of strength they may partially or entirely dis- the salts will not be amiss. Sometimes it appear. becomes necessary to give a couple of Treatment consists of pouring from a drops of croton oii to get a good evacua- height water at 60° or less, while two tion of the bowels. Stimulation should persons rub the patient vigorously. Ice be given only at the discretion of a physi- compresses to the head and neck, cold cian. If it is given when contra-indicat- water drinking, and cooling enemas are ed, it may do much harm. The lighter useful measures. When the temperature attacks of heat or heat prostration, de- has been reduced nearly to normal a mand only cool sponging, rest, and sweating pack is indicated. quiet. ot, General Articles ,te

Some Antecedents of Tooth Decay D. H. KRESS, M. D. FOR years I had an excellent opportun- I had with him was composed of bread, ity, both in my practise and in my travels fruits, bananas, oranges, and yams. in various countries, to observe carefully In England and the United States tooth the dietetic habits of the people as related decay also prevails to an alarming extent to the diseases prevalent among them. among schoolchildren. Probably eighty- Dental decay I have found to a greater five per cent of them have defective teeth. extent in New Zealand and Australia, Tooth decay, I have found, is common in where meat is freely used, than in other every country where meat and white bread countries in the world. Shortly after my form the staple articles of diet. In coun- arrival in Australia, I administered an tries where meat is seldom used, and anesthetic to a girl of sixteen, the dentist grains, fruits, and vegetables form the having found it necessary to extract every staple articles of food, tooth decay is com- tooth. Upon inquiry, I ascertained that paratively rare. In Australia, among the her sister, four years older, also had a full nurses and patients at the Sydney Sanita- set of artificial teeth. rium, numbering seventy-three in all, I While tooth decay is common in Aus- found only two who posseszed all their tralia and New Zealand, among some of teeth in a wellpreserved state, and these the native races of the South Sea islands two had been life-long vegetarians. it is quite uncommon. While in Fiji, I Diet and Dental Decay had an interview There can be no with the chief of doubt in the mind Sueva, who called Tooth decay is remarkably prevalent In of any one who Australia, New Zealand, England, and the my attention to the makes a careful United States, the countries that have the sugar-cane. With heaviest meat bills. study of this sub- his teeth he vigor- Carnivorous animals do not lose their teeth ject that the prev- ously tore off the because they also eat the bones and blood, alent use of flesh husks. I noticed and thus get the bone and tooth-forming ele- foods is both di- his pearly teeth, ments, which are thrown away in serving the rectly and indirectly beefsteak. and said to him, responsible for a Undoubtedly the eating of flesh is partly "You have remark- large proportion of responsible for the large amount of dental ably fine teeth." decay in civilized peoples. the dental decay in He then opened his Dental decay exists because the bone-form- all civilized lands. mouth wide, and I ing materials have been removed from the Little particles of found that he had dietary. meat lodge between all his teeth, and Another food that has suffered this robbery the teeth, and en- is white flour. White-flour bread is thus also that every tooth courage the growth responsible to a certain extent for the preva- was perfect, al- lence of tooth decay. of germs. T h e though he was a If you can not be sure of the flour furnished germs that cause man fifty-four years by the mills, you can make it at home, accord- decay of flesh also of age. The dinner ing to directions given by Dr. Kress. cause tooth decay. HERALD OF HEALTH 135

The sound teeth of our ancestors may man to study the dietetic habits of these be attributed to the fact that their creatures that so closely resemble man. habits and food were of such a nature Dr. Winters says, "One of the most as to build up healthy bone structures. unfortunate consequences of an early and The Japanese and Chinese, who live liberal meat diet is the loss of relish it largely upon rice and other grains and creates for the ph) siological foods of fruits, give us a remarkable example of childhood,—milk, cereals, and vegetables." constitutional preservation of sound teeth. Meat, by its stimulating effect, produces a The absurdity of the theory that flesh habit as surely as does alcohol, tea, or cof- food is necessary to supply the system fee, and a distaste for less satisfying with bone-making material is shown by foods. The foods which the meateating Thoreau, in his reference to the farmer child eschews contain in large proportions who, walking behind oxen that with vege- certain mineral constituents which are tablemade bones jerk him and his lum- essential to bodily nutrition and health, bering plough along in spite of every ob- and without which the processes of fresh struction, says, "You can not live on vege- growth and development are stunted. table food only, for it lacks bone-making "These mineral constituents." Dr. Win- material." ters goes on to say, "can not be introduced The prevalence of dental decay is not into the system in an assimilable form wholly due to the flesh lodging between except in organic combination with an the teeth and forming culture beds for albuminous molecule; and in such combi- destroying gesms, but chiefly to the fact nation they are found in sufficient propor- that the flesh foods themselves are defi- tion to meet the child's needs only in certain cient in bone-forming elements. Beefsteak vegetables, fruits, and cereals." contains only the muscle-forming elements, Dr. C. Rose, of Munich, in his exam- the bone forming elements being absent. ination of 7,364 pupils of the Friedburg It is the quality of the dental structure schools, discovered that the best teeth and that is at fault. Teeth decay for the same the least tooth decay were to be found in reason that fruits decay. When fruit de- the districts that contained hard water, cays on the tree, we know that the tree is and in which the soil was rich in lime. In poorly nourished, or that some needed places where lime poverty existed in the element is la_king in the soil. The intel- soil, he discovered there were nearly twice ligent gardener begins to dig around the as many bad teeth among the children. tree, and adds to the soil the elements Dr. Neisler also states that in a certain needed to nourish the tree. district where quantities of ground lime No Bone Elements were strewn over feeding-places where the Dental decay exists because the bone- soil was poor in lime, the deer which fed forming elements are deficient in the food. upon the grass of such fields possessed To remedy this the food must be changed, finer horns than those which fed in fields and the lacking elements supplied. Until that were not so treated. this is done, dental decay will continue in The vegetable kingdom serves a useful spite of the multiplication of dentists, and purpose— it is capable of dissolving and vigorous use of tooth-brushes, pastes, and appropriating these earthy salts, and or- powders. Monkeys, which use no tooth- ganizing and vitalizing them, thus pre- pastes or brushes, possess-remarkably fine paring them for man's use. In districts teeth. Evidently their dietary is better where soils and water are poor in lime, the suited to tooth preservation than that used grains, fruits, and vegetables are necessa- by man. It would be well for civilized rily poor in organized salts, or bone-form- 136 HERALD OF HEALTH

ing elements, and naturally one would ex- flour. Each family may purchase a hand pect dental decay to be more common in mill at a small cost, grind its own flour, such districts; not, however, because of the and make its own cracked wheat for por- absence of the salts in soil or water, but ridges, etc. Those who adopt this plan because of their consequent absence in will be surprised to find a sweetness in the food. preparations and breads that:is not present Dental decay is due to the absence of in those made of flour obtained from the salts in the food. It does not matter grocer. A double purpose is served: not whether the food is naturally deficient in only do we obtain the needed salts, but the the salts owing to a lack of earthy salts in satisfaction imparted to the palate encou- the soil upon which the food is grown, or rages longer retention of foods in the to the fact that they have been afterward mouth, a more copious flow of saliva, and removed by our modern process of milling. more thorough mastication. The maltose Devitalized Flour formed by the action of saliva upon the Dr. Bunge says : "It is remarkable that starch aids in dissolving the organized salts wherever we find a race of men retaining present in the breads. In the absence of primitive milling customs, or living on un- maltose these salts, even if present, are corrupted grain food, we find their teeth imperfectly utilized. This is in part re- strong, and free from decay." Baron sponsible for rickets and other bone defor- Siebig estimates that "whole-meal bread mities so prevalent in.pap. fed children. contains two hundred per cent more phos- The free use of mashes and other pastry phates than white bread." America is foods produces lime starvation and favours supposed to have clever dentists. To the tooth decay the same as does the pap. question why this is so, Dr. Leuder Brun- Thorough mastication not:only encourages ton aptly replied, "Because she has the a freer circulation of nutrients to the gums best flour-mill makers." It seems, the and teeth, but the maltose formed makes better the mills, the whiter and finer the it possible for ,the, system to utilize the flour, the poorer the bread; and, naturally, bone-forming elements the foods contain. the worse the teeth, the better the den. Unquestionably,":the two important fac- tists. tors in teeth preservation are the presence It is not necessary to depend upon our of bone-forming elements in the food and modern_ mills for this partially devitalized thorough mastication. HERALD OF HEALTH 137 Alcohol as a Food A. B. OLSEN, M. D., D. P. H. MANY alcoholic drinks contain, besides The Food Value of Beers alcohol and water, certain small amounts, Of all fermented liquors, beer and its sometimes mere traces, of sugar, malt, associates, stout, ale, and porter, contain and various other constituents. Therefore the largest percentage of food subtance, as when considering the possible food value seen from the following analyses from of an alcoholic beverage, we must take "Foods: Their Composition and Analy- into consideration these accessory con- sis," by A. Wynter Blyth, M. R. C. S., stituents besides the alcohol itself. The F. C. S.:— Malt Carbonic amount of nourishment found in most Extract Alcohol Acid Water intoxicating drinks is trifling indeed, and % almost of negligible character. London porter 6.8 6.9 86.3 The Food Value of Wine Scotch ale ... 10.9 8.5 0.15 80.45 For the moment we shall omit all con- White beer, Berlin ... 5.7 1.7 0.6 91.8 sideration of the hypothetical value of Sweet beer, alcohol as a food, and turn our attention to Brunswick 14.0 1.36 84.7 these other constituents which are found No mention is made in this work of the in varying percentages in different spiritu- possibility of the presence of arsenic in ous liquors. "A litre of average wine," beers sometimes in sufficient quantity to according to Gautier, "contains the follow- cause disease, and even fatal results. ing proportions of the principal materials For the sake of comparison, let us look fit to provide us with energy by their com- at the composition of both barley and bustion:"— malt before it has undergone fermentation, Grams with the consequent production of alcohol. Alcohol 80 Glycerin 6 The analyses are from Blyth. Sugars, etc. 1.3 The Composition of Barley and Malt Gums, dextrin, etc 1 Barley Malt Cream of tartar 2 air-dried air-dried Per cent Per cent The total amount of food material ob- Dextrin (a form of sugar) 5.6 8.0 tainable from all these materials, except Starch 67.0 58.1 alcohol, is 10.5 grams, or a little more Sugar 0.5 than 1 per cent. But even this small Cellulose (fibrous matter) 9.6 14.4 percentage is a theoretical and doubtful Albuminous substances ....12.1 13.6 Fatty substances 2.6 2.2 quantity, and under ordinary conditions Ash, etc. 3. t 3.2 most of it undoubtedly would be lost. The Food Value of Brandy and Absinthe 100.0 100.0 Genuine brandy is obtained by distilling Now look at the analyses of the beers grape wine. "It contains about fifty per again, and note the small amount of nour- cent of alcohol, the remainder of the liq- ishment that they contain, even in the uor being water, in which are held va- case of the sweet beer, which has but a rious secondary products, including acids, small trace of alcohol, and is for all prac- aldehydes, ethers, furfurol, and higher al- tical purposes a watery solution of malt. cohols."—Parkes and Keuwood. Again Surely no one would be so extravagant as excluding alcohol, we have left the merest to advocate beer as a food, seeing that the trace of food material, if any at all, burley or malt can be obtained at a very 138 HERALD OF HEALTH

much lower expense, and any one can athletes by this time would have found it stir up malt extract with water and make out, and would take such drinks for the a malt drink without wasting money on purpose of increasing their strength and beer. endurance, but the contrary is the case. Alcohol as a Fuel Alcohol and Bodily Heat We have thus far considered only the When alcohol is taken into the system accessory food constituents of a few of in any form, it enters the blood without the more common alcoholic beverages, any further changes and it is recognized and we have now to deal with alcohol it- by the living tissues as an intruder and self as a food. In the first place, we may a poison. This is doubtless on account say that food nourishes the body in two of its irritating influence. A certain per- ways—by furnishing building and repair centage of the alcohol is promptly got rid material for the support of life; and as a of without any change whatever, most of fuel, the burning of which provides heat it passing away in the breath, and also and energy for doing muscular work. through the kidneys and the skin. A That alcohol is a fuel, although an ex- varying percentage is burned in the body, pensive one, is well known, for it burns producing a small amount of heat, but the readily even in the form of brandy or heat thus obtained is actually less than whisky. But the question is, "Does this that which is lost through the poisonous necessarily make it a useful food?" effect of the alcohol. By its paralyzing If alcohol were fuel to the human body, effect upon certain controlling nerve- it ought to supply it with energy either in centres in the brain, alcohol causes the the form of increased strength and ability blood-vessels of the skin to enlarge, thus to do muscular work or in the form of in- flushing the skin with blood, and hasten- creased animal warmth. Scientific re- ing in a marked manner the loss of heat search has shown us plainly that the use of from the body. That this process is alcoholic beverages does not increase a accompanied by a mild temporary glow of man's ability to do muscular labour of any warmth in the skin is true. It makes a kind, but on the other hand actually dim- man feel warmer, although he is really inishes it. Any healthy man is stronger colder; for the truth is that it has a chill- in the lifting power of his muscles without ing effect upon him, the internal tempera- the use of alcoholic beverages, even ture of the body falling with the rise of though the dose is a very moderate one. the skin temperature, as Prof. G. Sims The scientific experiments of Krpelin, Woodhead has recently shown, and the Dr. Parkes, of Netley, and others show man actually has less heat after his indul- that alcohol in small or large doses does gence, and therefore is less fit to withstand not improve a man's physical or even cold. mental efficiency. Alcohol as Building Material For this reason athletes when training We do not think that even the best for the purpose of doing feats of strength, friends of alcohol claim that it possesses such as cycle- or boat-races, running, and any building material whatever for the throwing the hammer, exclude all in- human body: and if no building material, toxicating beverages from their bill of then certainly it contains no repair ma- fare. The same is true of walkers, swim- terial. Nitrogenous substances alone fur- mers, and indeed, as far as we know, of nish the necessary material for the phys- all athletes. ical development of the growing child, or If wine or even beer possessed any for the repair of the worn-out tissues of strength-giving properties, then surely our the adult. HERALD OF HEALTH 139

But what about adipose tissue, or fat? with excretion. Furthermore, alcohol also some one may ask, and attention is drawn to a greater or It ss extent interferes with to the portly brewer as well as his em- the metabolism, or life processes, of the ployees, and to the rotund and often florid living cell, and often leads to the storage barkeeper. But the stoutness of the beer of superfluous fat of a low order, which is drinker is an indication of low vitality and really the beginning of obesity, or stout- impaired strength, and not good health. ness, a disease to which beer drinkers are Alcohol, among its other evil effects, has liable. a retarding influence upon the throwing We may then conclude that in any or- off of waste matter from the body, and dinary or proper sense, alcohol is not a there is evidence to show that it interferes food. Nervousness LAI. CHAND GUPTA, Lahore HAVING myself been a nervous patient of ideas between himself and those among I feel I can write with some confidence on whom he moves begins and while he is this subject of vital importance to the burning himself with his own fire of an- educated classes in general and primarily guish, his comrades doubt the veracity of students and those who have to do serious his statements. and strenuous sedentary work. I t is mainly at this stage that the dis- I may say at the outset that nervousness ease can be said to have taken hold of the is a disease of the mind which gradually victim. Engrossed in his own ideas of reflects adversely on the body through doubt and despair and at times of decay weakness of the nervous system. My and death, the patient cannot enjoy even observation is that symptoms of failing the most enjoyable things. I confess that energy are usually foreshadowed by the the senses do not in such circumstances weakness of the brain which the would-be follow their usual objects of pursuit. The patient begins to feel in almost any under- cold breeze of the early morning does not taking requiring a little concentration of refresh his eyes. The delicious dishes mind. Decision, despatch, tact and quick- do not tempt him. The company of ness in disposal are respectively replaced friends does not give him merriment, rather by doubt, despair, want of confidence and he begins to shun company. All that delay. A sort of laziness which though he loves is to lie enveloped in his own not acceptable to one's conscience envel- thoughts of disease and despair. In short, ops the individual. In the beginning the everything, however pleasant, presents a man feels as if his brain is saturated with gloomy outlook. The doubtful habit of the something foreign to his nature. But individual teaseshim only so long as hedoes gradually the weak thoughts overpower not get a sympathetic adviser. May I add him; and before he comes to realise the that the disease cannot be cured by medi- beginning of the new development within cine. The more a man believes in medi- him he is already affected by the disease cines, the more dangerous does it become and consequently begins to hunt after for him. So much so that at times the tonics of which there is no dirth in the patient even comes to doubt his life and I market. His new habits cause him to venture to think that if early advice of a consult various doctors of disease without spiritual and moral physician is not'secured the least confidence in the treatments of the patientis doomed for ever. The patient any of them. Mutual misunderstanding being troublesome to his family members 140 HERALD OF HEALTH owing to his irreconcilable attitude towards The food should be nourishing as well as others, even the dearest relations feel dis- easily digested, and a good quantity of gusted at his unbecoming demands. And curd and butter should always be taken at following the advice of medical quacks, meals. I have come to realise that curd both health and money of the patient are contains the largest amount of health ruined. In this transaction none but the giving substance. Fruits should be taken so called doctors and the chemists are the with meals or if the patient is in the habit gainers. of taking lunch, a cup of milk or sonic While the disease is so horrible, I may fruits might he taken. But in no case say that its cure is quite simple. The should the stomach be over-loaded. first thing is that the patient should not be What is of primary in portance in this allowed to have any spare time at his dis- connection is that the patient should re- posal in which he may think of his disease alise his own existence and believe in the in solitude. He should be taken for long mercy of Providence. He should learn walks and if possible a river bath daily, to pray sincerely, and seek health, early in the morning and breathing ex- vigour and happiness from that Fountain ercises thereafter are eminently useful. I of Love. Living with God and in Him know that my own morbid condition was he will never again be overcome with almost cured in something like a month nervousness, or as a matter of fact any when through the kind advice of a friend similar disease. He should begin to live of mine I resumed my long walks, started in harmony with nature. Natural modes merry hobbies, and followed deep breath- of living rarely allow any germs of dis- ing in fresh air. The next important ease to become established in the body. thing is that the individual should be per- We should therefore live with nature, and suaded to think only healthy and uplifting I may assure the reader that nature thoughts. Lastly, as regards food, he always gives happiness, peace, plenty, should only be given meals twice a day. and power. Care of the Voice THE supreme consideration in the care about ten per cent of the lung capacity is of the voice is the state of the health. utilized, while ninety per cent remains Churchill Sibley tells us that "the voice is quiescent. A sedentary man who follows always a sure index to the state of bodily a quiet occupation has little occasion for health; and when a singer is 'below par' using his lungs to their full capacity, and his voice soon tells the tale." To ensure he, and indeed all men and women, should a good voice, then, it is absolutely neces- practise deep breathing daily. The full sary to cultivate all-round good health by use of the chest involved in deep breath- obeying the laws of hygiene. ing is necessary for the sustained effort "The First Essential." which successful platform work, whether Dr. Norman Meachen has told us that speaking or singing, calls for. "deep breathing, the first essential of We have in previous lessons pointed voice production, if persistently practised out the correct form of breathing, namely, in season and out of season, in the street the full use of the diaphragm muscle, that and at the office, for a few minutes at a is, abdominal breathing combined with time, will soon bring back the roses to the proper use of the upper chest. Natur- faded cheeks and dissipate the sallow com- al breathing is said to be the foundation plexion." In ordinary breathing only of a good voice, but it is impossible when HERALD OF HEALTH 141 there are any stays or constricting bands soups, ices, and iced foods should be of any sort which hamper the abdominal strictly avoided by those who are endeav- movements. ouring to cultivate a good voice. The ex- Control of the Breath. tremes of hot and cold are particularly The successful speaker or singer must irritating to the voicebox. Again, mus- learn to control the breath, which is often- tard, peppers, and hot sauces should be times a matter of considerable study and avoided for the same reason. practice. The easiest and simplest way Medicated lozenges, acid drops, voice to secure this control is to use the conver- tablets, and similar preparations, although sational tone in speaking, and then learn much used by the ignorant laity, are a to raise the voice sufficiently without put- source of danger and should be carefully ting the accessory respiratory muscles on avoided. Sipping a glass of water will tension or under strain. As a rule all the seldom fail to afford as much relief as speaking should be controlled by the dia- any of these lozenges, and often more; but phragm, and the effort should be easy and when the voice is getting tired or husky it natural. Strain of any kind makes the is advisable to give it a rest. effort of voice production difficult, and The common habit of hemming or hawk- speedily tires the vocal chords. A good ing and clearing the throat in other ways speaker is not conscious of even the is not helpful•to the throat and not infre- slightest strain upon his voice, and his quently has a rasping action upon the words fall from his mouth in a natural, vocal chords, which irritates them and easy way, without apparent effort. When aggravates the evil. It is wiser to use a a speaker has once obtained such perfect nebulizer containing some mild antiseptic, control of the voice, speaking, or singing such as menthol or thymol, two or three for that matter, becomes a pleasure, and times a day. there is little or no danger of tiring the voice or causing any injury. Colds and Catarrh. IN no sphere of life is happiness so It is a matter of the greatest importance easy to attain or so easily transformed to that all speakers and singers should take unhappiness as in the home. It does not every possible precaution to avoid colds depend on the number of luxuries obtain- and catarrhs. Sometimes this is a difficult able, for some of the very happiest homes, matter, because the cold is not so much the almost ideal ones, are those of the due to exposure, cold, and storm, as to the poor. One cheerful member in the home breathing of foul air in a close, overheated may uplift the tone of all the rest. Let room. The great heat combined with the the daughter but sing at her dish-washing, malodorous air soon causes congestion of or allow her broom to keep time to her the voicebox and the vocal chords, and happy song, and her happiness is sure to then an abrupt change into the cold air infect the others. On the other hand, out-of-doors leads to trouble. When a some little dispute, some little criticism, person is suffering from a cold the voice fault-finding, etc., by but one member of should have as much rest as possible. the family may upset the happiness of the Deep breathing exercises should be prac- entire family, probably for the whole day. tised daily in the fresh air, or at least And it would have been so easy to have before an open window. left those words unsaid or instead to have Things to Be Avoided. spoken an appreciative word, or to Alcoholic beverages, hot and cold drinks, have laughed instead of grumbling.— and especially tea, coffee, and cocoa, hot Selected. The House We Live In

Our Waste Systems The Kidneys of the abdomen on either side of spinal In this department of our journal we column. They are situated between the have mentioned a great many times that twelfth dorsal and third lumbar vertebrae. there are two processes going on in the They are imbedded in a thick layer of body. One of these processes is called fat called the fatty capsule. The imme- the building up and the other the tearing diate vicinity of the kidney is called the down. Technically we call these changes venal fossa which is formed by the abdom- anabolicim and katabolism respectively. inal wall and muscles located in the In speaking of these changes in the body back part of the abdomen. The right we really have to go back to the consider- kidney is lower than the left because of ation of the cell or the unit of the body. the location of the liver above it, and Whatever gross changes take place in the body these same changes also take place in the cell minutely, as the work of the body as a whole is the collected effort on the part of the individual cell of our or- ganism. The anabolic change in the cell is the effoi t on the part of the cell to incorpo- rate into its substance or protoplasm and nucleus, the foods prepared by the diges- tive system and eventually absorbed. This same process in reality means the up-keep of the body as a whole. We can call this the eating and drinking of the cell. In as much as the cell eats and drinks, it also throws off waste material. The waste mattersof the cell are water, car- bon dioxide and uric acid. These different both kidneys in woman -are somewhat waste materials make their escape from lower than in man. the body by way of the eleminative Each kidney is about four and one-half organs; the water leaves the body by way inches in length two to two and one half of the kidneys, skin, and lungs. The uric inches in breadth, and a little more than acid makes it escape mostly by way of an inch in thickness. It weighs from four the kidneys while the carbon dioxide to five ounces. It has a larger convex and mostly chooses the route by way of the a smaller concave border. The latter is lungs. called the hilum of the kidney and is the The kidneys are large sharers in the place where the renal artery and vein elmentary processes of the body. The make their entrance and exit. It is also kidneys are large glands. They are two in from here that the ureter leaves the kidney number and are located in the back part and extends down to the bladder. The HERALD OF HEALTH 143 kidney is surrounded by a truee- capsule up into the abdominal cavity. Under cir- which is thin, smooth, and glistening. It cumstances like these, it some tithes rises readily strips from the underlying kidney as high as the umbilicus. This hollow substance. It has two extremities called organ is lined with mucous membrane. the upper and lower pole and it is upon The outer layer or coat is the peritoneum the upper pole that the suprarenal gland or a serous coat for part of its surface, sits like a cap. while the other part is fibrous tissue. The When cut in two vertically and longi- middle coat is muscle of which there is tudinally, it puts in an appearance like the a very strong layer. accompanying illustration. It will be The two ureters from the kidneys enter seen that the portion of the ureter entering and the urethra leaves the bladder at the kidney is dilated into what is called three triangular points at the base of the the pelvis which continues on into the re- bladder called the trigonum. The urine nal cavity. The solid cut surface of the flows from the mouths of the ureter into kidney presents two distinct tissues, the the bladder drop by drop until a sufficient outer is called the ortical substance and quantity has been collected, when it is is composed of small cellular bodies whose periodically carried away through the ure- cells have the power of extracting from thra and voided, being controlled by a the blood the waste products of cell meta- nervous mechanism. bolism which we have mentioned above. This in general gives an outline of what The inner portion is called the medullary is called the urinary apparatus. substance and is made up principally of small tubes whose duty it is to convey to IT was not altogether an accident that the renal cavity and thence to the ureter, Col. Theodore Roosevelt escaped the the waste substances extracted by the effects of the assassin's bullet. A con- cortical bodies just mentioned. stitution weakened by poisons and excesses The waste products as dealt with by might not have withstood the strain. As the kidney are called the urine which is a stated by the Outlook, Mr. Roosevelt's very complex fluid, and which we will "lifelong temperate habits and careful take up in detail in another article. physical culture had endowed him with a The ureter coming from the hilum of physique capable of resisting a shock the kidney conveys the urine to the blad- which would have been fatal to a body der. The ureter is a cylindrical tube poisoned by vice and enervated by lux- about sixteen inches long and the size of ury." And no one more fully realized a goose quill. It is lined with mucous this fact than his chief attendant physi- membrane and also has a muscular and cian, who said:— His superb physical condition, due to out- fibrous layer. It is in this small tube door exercise and habitual abstinence from that a small stone in passing from the liquor and tobacco, as well as his simplicity kidney on its way to the bladder causes of diet, accounts for the small effect produc- considerable disturbance to the patient. ed upon him during his long speech while suffering from such a severe shock." The urinary bladder is a collapsable Mr. Roosevelt is one of the compara- sac situated in the pelvic cavity. It as- tively few men who have realized the sumes a variety of shapes under different immense value of superb health as a pre- conditions. In the infant it is conical in requisite of efficiency, and who have so shape. In the adult it is more nearly cup lived as to conserve and build up that efficiency. It is his careful mode of life shape, when moderately distended, it holds that has helped to make him what he is about a pint. If it is greatly distended, conceded to be by the mass of his coun- it then rises above the pubis and is pushed trymen, the representative American. egs ifggi7.-

Vegetables A free supply of these is essential to inhabitants of any country; the very young healthy nutrition in all climates, and tops of gram (Cicer arietinaum), for ex- especially so in the Tropics, where it is ample, are excellent eating. During the desirable to restrict the amount of meat Cgaleka campaign, the troops were often consumed. English folk might with great for lor,g periods quite without vegetables, advantage take lessons from our neigh- and one day the writer, wandering among bours across the channel, by introducing the kraals near the camp, found some to their tables Plats of vegetables served Kaffir women busily gathering a wild up alone, and flavoured with some tasty plant with small succulent leaves. On stock, or with simply a little butter. discovering that they were picking it for Well cooked, and served piping hot, such food, a basketful was purchased from dishes are most tempting and wholesome, them, and when cooked, furnished an and may most advantageously take the excellent dish, almost indistinguishable place of meat dishes at the mid-day meal from genuine spinach. Arrangements in hot climates; besides which it is as were then made to supply the entire great a mistake to mask the delicate detachment once or twice a week; and the flavour of early peas and French beans by men remained throughout the year entire. eating them with meat, as it would be to ly free from scurvy, a disease which has try to appreciate the flavour of a vintage nearly always given rise to a certain claret under like circumstances. Where amount of trouble in prolonged military vegetables are scarce, it is well to investi- operations in that part of the world, and gate the dietary of the native races notably in the Boer concentration camps amongst whom one lives, as even in long- during the late war. settled colonies it is astonishing how often Many vegetables, too, are excellent excellent articles of food are entirely when cut very young, which are scarcely neglected by European residents. Served eatable when mature. This is especially up as haricots verts, the soy bean (Glycine the case with the bhindi, one of the com- sofa) or the lablab bean (Dolichos lablab) monest of the few hot weather Indian cut at the same stage of maturity, as vegetables; but your native gardener likes is customary with the ordinary French to see them "large and fine," and will bean, are excellent and are specially valu- never cut them young enough unless this able, as they come on at a time when little is insisted upon by his customer. Many else is obtainable: but in spite of this, they vegetables such as pumpkins, onions and are very rarely eaten by Europeans. tomatoes, may be kept a long time if hung Then too a great variety of succulent leaf up in an airy place so that they do not plants form an excellent substitute for come in contact with each other; and spinach, and a variety of herbs, wild or where the plan is not practised by those cultivated, suitable for serving up in this who supply the market, it is well to bear way, are usually known to the indigenous this point in mind, so as to lay by a timely HERALD OF HEALTH 145 supply against the "rainy day" when Besides its splendid qualities as a laxa- vegetables will be scarce. There can be tive agent the dandelion possesses a little doubt that the inclusion of a certain certain principle known as Taraxacum. amount of uncooked vegetable food in the This has been used for years as a liver dietary is always desirable, but salads are tonic. Thackeray says, in Philip: "You too of ten a dangerous luxury, owing to are bilious, my good friend; go pay a the very obvious danger from the fertil- guinea to one of the doctors, he will pre- isers that may have been used in their scrible Taraxacum for you." Unfortu- cultivation, and on this account it is better nately that is just what the majority of to avoid them, unless one is absolutely people still do, whereas a generous diet of certain as to the conditions under which dandelion greens will soon correct the they are grown; the more as an adequate fault, and benefit not only the liver, supply of vegetable acids and salts can but the general system as well. A won- usually be taken in the form of fruit. del ful old country physician said to one of Cucumbers and tomatoes, which can be his bilious patients: "What you should peeled, need not of course be included in do is to go out and dig a quart of dande- this general law against leaf salads, but lion greens every day, then cook and eat tomatoes should always be peeled, as the them. This prescription may be used ad skin is extremely indigestible, and is a libitum." freqent cause of diarrhoea. By dipping Iron, potassium, magnesium, calcium, it for an instant in boiling water, the skin sulphur, phosphorus, all these and many may be removed with the greatest ease more are contained in combination in all without crushing the tomato.—Vegetables growing things. It is a wonderful provi- in the Tropics by Lt. Col. Giles. sion that when the body is in greatest need of these foods Nature brings about their GREENS AND VEGETABLES season. And it is due to her wonderful ARE OF MUCH BENEFIT alchemy that so many minerals can be BALLAST or bulky foods are those which eaten at once, for were a like amount to should be used to replace the cathartics be taken in the form of medicine severe and physic of the medicine chest. Under illness and sometimes death would follow. this heading we find the fresh green vege- Spinach is the richest in iron of any vege- tables, spinach, cowslips and dandelions table; carrots are next, while the dande- being the most efficacious of them all. lions, beets, salad plants and all other Spinach has been termed by the French vegetables contain certain amounts. Wa- "the broom of the stomach," because it is tercress furnishes sulphur, whereas cauli- so bulky that it sweeps through the ali- flower, onions and cabbage are rich not mentary tract, stimulating the secretion of only in sulphur, but in phosphorus as the juices, scraping the walls and carrying well. all waste with it. Spinach once a day for Asparagus comes at a time when the a week or more will bring about imme- kidneys need flushing or stimulation, in diate results. It is a great mistake to order to aid in carrying off the body consider foods suitable only for certain wastes; and as it possesses marked diuretic occasions, for all foods are so adaptable that properties it has a distinct place in the they can be prepared in divers ways for dietary.—Ladies' Home Journal. either breakfast, luncheon or dinner; and while the family may refuse spinach for " A SYSTEMATIC study of cooking dinner they will welcome it for breakfast should be a fundamental part of the educa- in a different form because it is a novelty. tion of the homemaker." : Mother and Child : I

C How Shall We Educate Our Girls? WM. W. WORSTER, A. M., M. D. JUST now the educational world is ble of appreciating the superior knowledge deeply interested in the education of our of their husbands and brothers. Thus it girls. The pages of history have recorded was that woman came to be looked upon the unhappy conditions of woman before in ancient times as a slave, a being by no educational privileges were granted her. means equal to man. This condition low- Experience to-day reveals the unfitness of ered the standard of civilization to an the average modern college girl to become alarming extent. the matron of the home and mother of the When the public was gradually won race. We have simply gone from one ex- over to the idea of sending girls to school, treme to the other. Wherein lies the the sentiment became strong in its favour. reason? The answer is very apparent. Common schools, high schools, and col- The cause of present conditions is the leges were all opened to them, and with opening of our educational institutions to these great advantages woman very soon the entrance of girls without providing gained back her true position of love and special courses of study for them. respect. But her ability to manage the Experience, a'though a slow teacher, home and care for the health of her off- nevertheless in this case has been a good spring, instead of being increased, was in one. To-day high schools and colleges in the majority of instances markedly are offering lines of study whereby girls decreased. may receive a training to fit them for The serious difficulty which is now so practical, domestic duties, as well as to apparent is that the girls were required to give them a full and complete course of enter the courses of study which were study along general educational lines. designed especially for the boys. This It has not been so very long, only about had a great tendency not only to develop one hundred years, since a system of co- in the girl masculine characteristics, but education was not believed in. It was to weaken her love for and her ability to thought at that time that the boys were perform the practical, domestic, and ma- the ones who needed an education, since ternal duties of a woman's life. upon them devolved the responsibilities The lines of study pursued in obtaining of maintaining the home, state, and nation. an education should fit one in an all-round Experience, however, has taught that way for the duties of real life. If a man when these boys came forth from college desires to be a doctor, a lawyer, or to as men, well equipped for life, they were pursue any professional or business call- not disposed to look upon women as their ing, he takes such courses of study as are equal; indeed, they could not do so, as designed to fit him for his life-work. So their ideals of life, their aims and ambi- if we are to have good wives and mothers, tions, were so widely different that there we must have special courses provided could be no common bond of sympathy. for our girls. The girls, who remained at home and led Upon man rests the responsibility of a simple, uneventiful life, were not capa- finances; hence he requires an education HERALD OF HEALTH 147 that will enable him to cope successfully aspire to them, instead of settling down with the commercial world; while upon to a quiet home life, which appears to her woman rests that sacred and tender duty to be monotonous? of caring for the home and for her chil- But if she does decide to live a pro- dren. One can readily see that an edu- fessional life, what of it? Has she not a cation that would fit man in every way perfect right to do it? We can only bid for the various duties of his life, would her Godspeed. But we still contend that fail to give to woman a training for her she ought to have a preliminary training, work. which is due every girl. Why? for what Before the adoption of our present sys- purpose? She will most likely, sooner or tem of coeducation, the mother of each later, marry; for statistics show that only home considered it her heaven-born duty a relatively small per cent of the women to train her daughters for the practical of to-day do not marry. Then what? duties of life. To-day she is either neg- The problems of home-keeping are enter- lecting her duty or throwing the respon- ed upon without the necessary knowledge sibility upon our educational institutions. of the fundamental principles. She then Many a girl is hastened off m school awakens to this painful realization. without any insight into the true mean- Even if she is so situated as to have ing of home or its duties. Vacations are servants to obey her every wish, so that often spent in the parlour, while mother she need never perform any of the do- does the work. It is. not the object of mestic duties herself, nevertheless the this article to stimulate better home train- management of her home depends upon ing, which is to-day sadly neglected, but her own judgment and knowledge of the to endeavour to awaken an interest in our household arts. She can not expect al- educational institutions to assume and ways to have ideal servants. They usu- better prepare for the duties thrust upon ally do not know the best and most sani- them. tary methods of doing the work assigned Since the adoption of coeducation, our to them. She needs to know also for her schools and colleges have returned to us children's sake, that they be not placed in women who are capable of filling positions the hands of inexperienced servants to of responsibility and trust in our state and be trained. If, on the other hand, she nation. They are highly accomplished marries a man who can not give her all along social lines. Many are masters in the luxuries of life nor all the comforts art, science, and literature. Their minds that he would like to, what will she do? have been so carefully cultivated that Will she get a divorce from a true, hon- they reach a high degree of efficiency in est-hearted man, who has never wronged all their undertakings. They are in every her, because she failed to do her part sense the equal of their brothers. But from lack of practical knowledge, and woman's education, while broadening her thus made home unworthy of the name, vision and giving her high aspirations, made it the most unhappy place on earth? has to a greater or less extent unfitted her The nation's strength depends upon for the domestic side of her life, and caus- home influences, early impressions, and ed her to lose that true desire for home manner of living. How much power the which God himself has planted in every mother in the home wields can never be woman's heart. Her ambitions are very estimated. She is the molding influence liable to run along the same lines a3 her of the home, the community, and the na- brother student's. She is qualified to fill tion. Her children will strive to imitate the same positions as he; and why not her ideals.

148 HERALD OF HEALTH

Is it not a godsend that we now have accidents and emergencies, the care and courses of study which fill the lack that diseases of children, and sewing. has always existed in our schools? Why If every woman took up the responsi- do not more girls take these courses? bilities of home with a knowledge of these They prefer Latin, Greek, higher mathe- subjects, our nation would be noted far matics, astronomy, etc.; but these will not and wide for its tranquil, happy homes. prevent dyspepsia, nor insure health and After the experience of seven years of vigour to their children. The subjects college and university life both as student enumerated above are essential to the and professor, and of ten years of medical broadening of the intellect, and girls should practise, the writer feels very confident be encouraged to :take them, but not to of this. the exclusion of those mentioned in the Fathers, mothers, instructors, encour- following paragraph. age your girls to take a course in house- Years of profitable study may be spent hold economics as well as other essential along the line of household economics, studies. It will be a valuable use of time and at least one fourth of the high-school and will bring golden results. It is all and college education should be devoted advantage and no disadvantages. And to it. The following subjects should be your girls will come home from school to taken by every girl, regardless of her aim you with a full and complete education, in life: Physiology, personal and house- and rounded into sweet, homeloving, Pur- hold hygiene, care of the home, dietetics itanlike women. and cooking, home treatment of the sick, Collcge View, IVebr., U. S. A. pnYs►

The Requirements of Healthful Exercise [To Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, physical Lippincott's is worthy of general attention. culture is not an end, but a means ; and the —ED.] end is not the possession of "muscles that THE human lungs are able to furnish stand out like croquet-balls." Physical cul- eight or ten times as much oxygen, and to ture to the doctor is one important means by which one may increase his personal get rid of many times as much carbon efficiency, make the most of himself, get the dioxid, as the conditions of modern city most possible out of life, and contribute as life require. The heart also is capable of much as possible to the world's uplift. doing ten times as much work as the city The doctor in his long years of experience man ordinarily demands, and if he gives in connection with the Y. M. C. A. work, his muscles no more use than his business the public school, and the playground, has occasions, they become small and fatty. acquired a very practical knowledge of ex- Develope Internal Organs ercise in all its forms, and no one is better qualified to speak on the subject. The fol- Physical exercise, in order to serve the lowing abbreviation of an article by him in ends of health, must call into occasional HERALD OF HEALTH 149 activity the heart, the lungs, and the some needful thing better. There is only organs of digestion and excretion. Health one all-round organism in the world, and depends not upon the power of muscle, that is the ameba. but upon the balanced, vigorous, steady In examining the adequacy of various functioning of these organs, and the cri- particular forms of exercise, it is neces- terion of health is the only safe one to sary to ascerain what effect they have apply in deciding whether a given exercise upon the four fundamental activities of is a good one or not. All-round exercise human life,—circulation, respiration, di- usually means that which affects all the gestion, and excretion. muscles of the body. During the running high jump, the A person may exercise all the muscles heart rate remains about normal. It does of the body in turn without making much not get up to two hundred twenty or two demand upon the heart or lungs. The hundred thirty, as in running, dancing, young man who can tie ropes or chains rapid callisthenics, and many other activ- around his upper arm and break them by ities. bending the elbow and contracting the Unless a man jumps a great deal, it biceps, or put bands about his chest and does not have much immediate effect upon burst them by the expansion of the ribs, the digestion, whereas in a ten-mile walk is proud of his physique, and yet he has considerable energy is used that must be added no power to his circulation. replaced. It is impossible for any of us Sandow used to take a hundred pound to expend enough energy in a few efforts dumb-bell in each hand, and do a back to modify the metabolism of the body. somersault with them. He thought that High jumping does not make people if he had a bicycle strong enough to sup- hungry to the same degree as running, port the exertion of his full strength, he pitching, rowing, swimming, or long-dis- could achieve supremacy as a rider. With tance walking. It is primarily a matter his tremendoUs leg muscles he could eas- of skill, technique, and muscular coordina- ily break the shaft cf any ordinary bi- tion, and it does not involve enough of the fundamental activites to make it proper cycle, so he ordered one with a high gear for a man to depend upon it for all his and a specially strong frame. When he exercise. got on his machine, he could push it at an All-Round Exercises extraordinary speed, but he could keep it Mountain climbing meets the four fun- up for only a few minutes. His power of damental requirements, and so also does circulation enabled him to make only a chasing butterflies. For those who care for it, the pursuit is a good specialty from few contractions of his great muscles. the viewpoint of health. It makes one Specialization Necessary get out-of-doors; it necessitates large There is a school of education which is movements of the body, and it satisfies based upon the notion that the two sides the instinct for the chase. of the brain ought to be trained alike. Its A game which is preeminently well suited to those who desire recreation and adherents forget that the speech centre is general outdoor exercise is that of golf. only on one side—the left. Should we It is better adapted to adults than to boys spend all our time acquiring two poor and girls, who usually crave violent exer- sides, or would it be better to have one tion. A man who plays eighteen holes on that was good? Every minute of endeav- a golf course has walked two and one- our to train one part of the body to do a half miles. He has climbed up hill and down dale. He has stooped down many thing which has already been specialized times; he has been out-of-doors. It is a on by another part, is time thrown away, social game, and so interesting that it and time that should be used in learning quickly becomes a habit, MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE UNIT- Colleges. This will go a long way in weed- ED STATES. ing out the undesirable in medical educa- A great many unfavourable comments tion. have been made upon American Medical Education. There have been good grounds PREVENTION OF ARTERIOSCLERO- for such comment, and still unjust criticism at times has been made. We must keep in SIS mind that America is but an infant in years, The importance of intestinal putrefaction and that it has not had time to weed out all has been dwelt on by many writers, and is that is undesirable by organization. During no doubt a long step in the right direction. the past years although medical education A low protein diet seemed at the time when in this new country has been at loose ends, it was advocated a great advance in accom- still it has had medical centres where the plishing good, as is often the case, even if facilities for training the medical student administered under a misconception. I now and doing research work have been unsur- believe in and advocate the few protein diet, passed. which seems to justify itself by the results We are glad to state that outside of these I have observed. It is founded on the belief medical centres general medical education that heart disease is not caused by a high is making rapid strides and the time has protein diet as such, but by the action of come when the prospective Indian or Chin- some aminoacid or acids derived from some ese student of medicine cannot buy a particular protein food or foods to which diploma of medicine for $100, from America. the individual attacked is idiosyncratic. I From this on students in schools belonging believe, as mentioned above, that conscious to the Association of American Medical poisoning of many individuals by particular Colleges will be forced to take a five year protein derivatives points in this direc- instead of a four year course, as at pre- tion. sent. A resolution to this effect was adopt- So a person eating the great variety of ed at the closing session of the Association protein foods found in a modern dietary is on Monday, February 26. Members of the laying himself open to the attack of many association declared its passage marked a different kinds of amino-acids, any one of big step toward universal standardization of which may be the one which is to do him medical school courses. harm. If he cuts out one-half of his pro- Another resolution raised the entrance teins, he is by that much safer. H he is standard for all colleges of medicine in the willing to do with a single protein, he is Association after January 1,1914, to include almost certain, on the theory of chances, to a year of college work in physics, chemistry, escape that which will do him damage. animal biology, and a modern language. The prevention of heart disease in other- Special standards for chemical work were wise healthy persons past middle life is a also adopted. matter of dietetic management and the With this we must keep in mind that some avoidance of all those things which may up- medical schools in the United States have set the chemistry of the body. The chemis- for many years required a university degree try of the body can be upset by nerve strain, of arts or sciences before admittance to anxiety and stress; it can be upset by the their courses, and that they have offered the abuse of drugs, particularly the saline laxa- fifth year term in their curriculum. The tives and mineral waters; it can be pro- advances spoken of in medical education in foundly upset by accidental food poisoning America has reference to medical education or a severe attack of malaria, dysentery or in general. It means that all must come up an infectious fever. Nor should we forget to these standards in order to be recognized the necessity of rest and exercise. —Journal by the Association of A inevican Medical A. M. d. HERALD OF HEALTH 1 .5 I

BOSTON MAYOR ESCHEWS MEAT IN order to protest against the present To Herald Subscribers prices, the mayor of Boston has asked the people in general to join him in a boycott of —:0:— meat with the purpose of forcing down You are interested in the principles ad- prices. The mayor says : "People should vocated in the columns of this journal. use more vegetables. . . . The American Your neighbours and friends would be people of to-day eat altogether too much equally interested and benefitted, if they meat." And he is right. If the people of read it regularly. We want your help in the United States should eat only the meat putting before them the good things we are that they actually need to maintain good giving. At the same time we want you to health, the beef trust would go bankrupt. be remunerated for the effort. For these The trouble is the trust people know too reasons we are prepared to offer— well the power of appetite, and that the at- tempt to boycott meat would be like the One year's Subscription Free to every attempt to boycott whisky or tobacco. The subscriber who sends us by Money Order punishment• would be too hard on the boy- Its. 5 for two one year's subscriptions to cotters because of their life-long habits. HERALD OF HEALTH. In other words we will extend your subscription one year, if you To give up the use of meat, alcohol, or to- will send two names and addresses with bacco, even by one who is certain that the Rs. 5 in full payment. change would be better for him, is no easy task ; and for one to do it in order to get Three Subscriptions for the price of two. even with the trust, when all the time his That is the offer. You cannot earn your appetite is calling for the article, is almost own subscription easier. We have placed impossible for the average human. Ninety- below an order blank which please use in nine out of a hundred will be likely to say, sending orders. "I am only one ; it will not make any differ- ence to the trust whether I eat meat or not. I will let the other fellows carry on the boycott." And probably one out of a , 1913. hundred will, in the end, carry on the boy- cott. The beef trust is well enough acquaint- To International Tract Society, ed with human nature to know that, and they are not borrowing any trouble from the 17, Abbott Road, Lucknow. threatened boycott. But it is no wonder that the common —10 : - people feel that they have to have meat, DEAR SIRS : regardless of price, when a paper with the authority of the American Medicine, speak- Please send "HERALD OF HEALTH" to ing in regard to the meat famine, can say, the below addresses for one year, for "Can not our dietetists realize that in a short which I am sending Rs. 5 per Postal time the poorest paid of our population can Money Order. In remuneration for not afford meat more than once a week or same, please extend my subscription month or not at all? What will the human harvest be?" one year. Our brother editor speaks as if meat were Name. a necessity. This is one of the obsessions (1) of the age, and should be classed with the Address "popular sanitary errors" spoken of by Dr. Name. David Starr Jordan in the June Science, and quoted with approval in this same issue (2) Address of the American Medicine. The necessity for the use of meat lies entirely in the fact Signed. that man has formed a habit of eating it, and that he thinks he needs it. Physio- Address logically, it is no necessity. 15 ? HERALD OF HEALTH

EDUCATION AND HEALTH "EDUCATION is the most important factor in all heal th problems," said Charles J. Hast- ings, of Toronto, before the National Hous- The Arc Light ing Conference. Legislation providing for better sanitation, for better housing condi- tions, in fact any legislation intended to improve the condition of the people, can accomplish little if it is not accompanied with an adequate, enthusiastic campaign of education. Legislation intended for the general good is sure to pinch somewhere. It must compel some one to do his duty, or forbid the doing of something that would he harmful to others. Those few who are disturbed by the law will antagonize it ; and unless the great majority who might benefit by the law if enforced, realize its value and importance to them, they will let it die und-r the at- tacks of interested parties. Hence. with all new legislation there should be a campaign of education. This is only one phase of the educational problem. There are thousands, including many of the so-called better classes, who need to learn that health is notobtained out of a bottle, but is dependent entirely on me- thods of living, environment, etc. Housing reformers and health inspectors generally encounter two great obstacles to the enforcement of sanitary legislation.— the opposition of interested parties whose In the treatment of local condi- gains would be diminished if they were tions by the application of dry heat, compelled to put their properties in good one of the most beneficial appliances sanitary condition, and the indifference and ignorance of those who have all their lives is the electric arc light as shown in been used to squalor, and who do not realize the accompanying illustration. This to what extent such conditions impair the health. form of treatment is in constant use Education may not reach the first class, in both the Mussoorie and Calcutta for with them it is a change of heart rather Treatment Rooms. It is one among than a change of head that is needed ; but the exploited class, the defenceless class, numerous successful forms of ration- getting but the dregs of civilization, need to al treatment used in similar institu- know wherein the law provides for their protection, and what they can do to help tions throughout the world. For make the law effective. particulars as to treatments given and rates please apply to TREATMENT OF INTESTINAL DIS- ORDERS The Manager, METCHNIKOFF came into the limelight so Sanitarium Treatment Rooms, far as the "common people" are concerned (that is, the people who do not follow up Kirkville, Mussoorie, or closely the progress in the sciences) when 75, Park Street, Calcutta. he announced to the public that man is curs- ed by his large intestine, that the trouble HERALD OF HEALTH 153 is with certain putrefactive germs that grow there and produce poisons, which are absorb- ed into the system, cause a long train of A VEGETARIAN disagreeable, alarming, and dangerous symp- toms, and shorten life. This was the dark COOK BOOK side of his message. But he also announced the discovery of a germ, Bacillus lactic Bul- THERE are enough valuable and garicus, which is antagonistic to putrefac- tive germs, and which differs from other practical suggestions of new .and antagonistic germs in that it can survive in tasty dishes to be found in the human intestine. "THE VEGETARIAN COOK BOOK" At first, Metchnikoff's reports were receiv- By E. G. Fulton ed with much interest; then again they were very greatly discredited because no one to keep you busy for many months on this side seemed to have success with his testing them and gaining the benefit treatment. It may be that the real reason of the new ideas suggested. for this lack of success, was that we have Thousands of families would glad- not been dealing with the real Bulgaricus germ at any time. Now the professor has ly adopt a more nearly vegetarian deserted Bulgaricus for something bet- diet, if they knew how to do it. ter. Comparatively few have any idea His latest idea is rather interesting. He of the scope of vegetarianism, be- states that animal foods usually produce cause they are unacquainted with the more toxins than do vegetable foods, and that sugar will act as an energetic and de- simple methods of preparing palat- structive agent on toxins, but, being rapidly able and nourishing dishes from fruit, absorbed in the intestinal canal, it does not nuts, vegetables and grains. reach that part of the intestines where the "The Vegetarian Cook Book" toxic action is carried on, and so, with Metchnikoff, the problem has been to find shows the way. Its departments some way to carry the sugar down into the are large intestine. He has found a microbe Bakery and Breakfast Dishes; which assimilates sugar, and which can be Beverages; Cake; Cereals; Dairy sent into the large bowel, taking the sugar Dishes; Eggs; Entrees; Food with it. This microbe, which is found in dogs, is a parasite of starch, transforming it into Combinations; Fruits and Fruit sugar, and it does not act on albuminoids Canning; Fruits and their Pre- and produce poisons. In order to keep this paration; General Suggestions; "benefactor microbe" alive in the large Hygiene of Cooking; Ices and bowel, it must he fed with "many young Sherbets; Liquid Foods; Nut potatoes, barley, sevelina, and bread." We will watch with interest the outcome of this Preparations; Pies; Pudding theory.—Life and Health. Sauces; Salads; Salad Dressings; Sandwiches; Sauces for Vegeta- NOTICE bles, Entrees, etc.; Soups; Table WILL the reader who sent the pamphlet Etiquette, and Rules for waiters; on the "Oxypathor" to the editor of "Her- Toasts; Utensils; vegetables. ald" also send his name and address. The work contains 4-20 pages, is Some comments were written on the pam- well bound in cloth, and the price is phlet, but no name or address were giv- Rs. 3-8. Postage extra. en. WILL those of our readers who possess an "Oxypathor" please send their names International Tract Society, and addresses to the editor of "Herald." 17, Abbott Road, GO, Lower Kemmendine Rd., This favour will be very much appreciated. Lucknow. Rangoon.

154 HERALD OF 111•1 \ 1:1' I 1 -011•10.• • ei111110- NEWS NOTES Stop Catching Cold ! A cold is the most common of dis- Plague has re-appeared at Pindi—several eases, yet how few people know just eases are reported in the Sadder Bazar. what it is, how it starts, and just how to cure it. Colds are dangerous. They ' CHOLERA IN BENARES. destroy vitality, and prepare the way for worse conditions—sometimes for Benares Cholera recently broke out in fatal diseases. The editor of LIFE cantonments. in almost every part except the AND HEALTH, Dr. G. H. Heald, has A large number of people have died. prepared a little book telling all about "Colds," Their Cause, Preven- RELATIVE COST OF HEALTH AND WAR tion, and Cure To kill a soldier in war, according to Only 62 pages of large print to lead, statistics based on the late unpleasantness but it tells the whole story lucidly and between the British and the Boers in South completely. What it contains is worth Africa, cost forty thousand dollars. To save a fortune to those that have the "habit the life of a citizen in the Panama Canal of catching cold." The book is a Life Zone costs $2.43 per capita of population, Preserver, and should be in every home. reports Colonel Gorgas, head of the sani- Neatly bound in white leatherette. tary force of the Zone. From which it would Only 14 as. Post Extra. seem that it is much more economical to International Tract Soc,, save a citizen than it is to kill a soldier. But we are so blind that while we willingly 17, Abbott Rd., - - - Lucknow. tax ourselves hundreds of millions of dol- 4111.1110.• ►• 411111110. lars to carry on a war, we grudgingly give up a paltry sum for the support of health boards—so little, indeed, that the health Steps to Christ boards are unable to do much more than BY ELLEN G. WHITE give advice, which advice is usually not This is justthe acted on to any noticeable extent. —Drug- book for a gift to gists Circular. your friend or members of your THE DANGEROUS NEGLECT OF VAC- Sabbath - school CINATION class. It c o n- tains fif teen The relaxation of the vaccination law and chapters wr it- its dangerous consequences have been de- ten from an inti- scribed previously in THE JOURNAL. Speak- mate knowledge ing at the annual dinner of the public ! of the human vaccinators of England and Wales, Dr. soul's longing Arthur Maude, the president, complained for greater nearness to .the Saviour, by that though the public vaccinators were i one who has long walked with the Mas- doing an important work they received no ter and knows his ways. It is a book assistance from the government. The im- which should have a wide circulation portance of vaccination was recognized all Ifor the marvellous good that it can do. I over the world—in Japan, Servia, Mexico For the next birthday gift that you and Russia. The only place in which it was purchase, order a copy of "Steps to not recognized was England. The propor- Christ." In cloth, 144 pages, Rs. 2 - - tion of unvaccinated people now amounted I post extra. I to about 50 per cent. of the population, and in many towns was still larger. They might International Tract Soc., do something in the way of isolation when 17. Abbott Rd., - - - Lucknow. I there was a limited outbreak, but the out- I 4111111Pe HERALD OF HEALTH 155 break which would come would not be limit- ed and the hospital accommodations would be totally inadequate. What Do You Drink BOOK DISINFECTION. In order to determine whether saturated carho-gasoline will kill bacteria when it is for Breakfast in direct contact with them,Nice filled three test tube cultures each of B. colt communis, Stank ylococcus pyogenex a ureuR, and B. diphtherial. This was drawn off after one For the very best possible hour and ten minutes and ninety-six hours later cultures were made. Growth occurred health and comfort, freedom in two of the B. colt test tubes, in two of the tubes of S. pyogenes vureus and in one of the from headaches, and stomach diphtheria tubes. He says that the lack of growth in Beebe's experiments was probab- ly due to his bouillon cultures being washed troubles you should use that off by the gasoline, since two of his books were dried only one hour and the third not simple, yet palatable and at all. In Nice's experiments, although the books were dried for forty-eight hours, pleasing drink growth occurred in 80 per cent. of the agar and 25 per cent. of the bouillon cultures. After repeated trials it was found to be impossible to make a stronger solution of Caramel Cereal carbolic acid in gasoline than about 2 per cent., so there seems to be no way of modi- fying the carhogasoline method to make it Made from cereals only, it effective. Nice recommended moist hot air as an entirely satisfactory disinfectant for is absolutely harmless, unlike books. tea and coffee with their nar- MOSQUITO POISON. Bruck has isolated from the common cotic poisons which enslave. mosquito its toxin, which he calls culicin. He obtained it by grinding the mosquitoes, Culer pipiens, in a mortar with salt solution Yet it is tasty, appetizing and containing a little glycerin and centrifugat- ing. He found that culicin contained a refreshing. Try it for a time homolysin and an urticaria-producing prin- ciple, and describes research with it and and be convinced. research on mosquitoes to find whether they could convey the syphilis spirochetes. He never was able to get the mosquitoes to bite a syphilitic lesion : they always avoided the morbid tissues and settled only on the sound For prices and full particu- tissue encircling them. At the same time he found that the mosquitoes can take up spi- lars apply to rochetes on their feet and thus transmit in- fection. In his one positive experiment in this line, from a mosquito that had been in contact with a primary sore on a rabbit and, Sanitarium Health Food Co., fifteen minutes later, had had its legs rinsed with salt solution, obtained a motile, unmis- 75, Park Street, Calcutta. takable Spirochueta pallida, which was found in the rinsing water. I De) 11E10_1)01' HEALTH

Her of Health, INDIAN MEDICAL RECORD

The Indian Health Magazine Monthly Journal of Publ c Health de Tropical Medicine Annual Subscription: Published by the Indian Empire—Rs. 5 post free. Vol. XXXII international Tract Society, Foreign-7s. 6d. post free. Begins 17, Abbott Road, Laaltmour Sample Copy free. January 1912. Entirely reorganised and remodelled. Caters REGISTERED, - - No. A. 457 to the Medical profession. No Sectarian prin- ciples. Eminent European and Indian contrib- utors. A real help for Promotion Examina- IN most cases copies of books advertised tion. in "Herald of Health" can be obtained at TABLE OF CONTENTS: any tine from the office of publication. If the book is sold out of stock, you will Original articles; A Mirror of Practice; Edito- rial articles; Editorial paras; Annotations; New be notified, and if your order is not rescind- Remedies; Correspondence; Review and Notices ( d, it will be filled on the arrival of new of Books; Annual reports of Societies, Munici- stock at this office. palities and of the Sanitary Departments; New- THE metallic sponge of M. Hannover, a est and well-tried prescriptions; Useful and Practical Hints; Reports of the Boards of Health Dane, has been described to the French of principal cities in India; Medical notes and Academy of Sciences as an alloy of lead news. and antimony, prepared in a sponge-like mass enclosing air spaces of varying size• Address :— INDIAN MEDICAL RECORD, Bow- t It is found useful as an absorbent for oils, bazar, Calcutta. resins, and other like substances. WE also call attention this month to the London Offices :-8, Henrietta Street, London. "ad" of Messrs. Cox and Company on page four of our cover. Messrs. Cox and Company have been established since 1758 and the house carries on not only a bank- Health for the Million ing and insurance business of the highest class, but a shipping and forwarding agency by A . B. Olsen, M. D. and M. E. 0 !sea, M. A. under the title of Cox's Shipping Agency, Ltd., with branches in Bombay, Calcutta. A book of practical health culture Karachi, Rawalpindi, Srinagar, Port Said, with helps toward the prevention of Southampton and Marseilles, Full particu- lars of any phase of the Company's bus- disease and the attainment of the iness may be obtained from any of their. highest physical perfection. Indian agencies. IF the reader desires to have a book w hich 242 pages, illustrated. will at once give wise counsel in daily living for health and efficiency, lead the way to cloth Rs. 2-8. helpful ministry in behalf of others, and Paper, „ 1-8. bring into the life spiritual comfort and hope for the future, he should read that Postage extra on either volume. remarkable volume, "The Ministry of Heal- ing," by Mrs. E. G. White. Among the divis- ions of the book are the following, "The True Medical Missionary," "The Work of PUBLISHED IN INDIA BY the Physician," "Medical Missionaries and Their Work," "The Care of the Sick," Iuternational Tract Society, "Health Principles," "The Home," "The E— 17, Abbott Road. Lucknow sential Knowledge," "The Worker's Need." The volume can be obtained from the Inter- 60, Lower Kemmendine Rd.. national Tract Society, 17, Abbott Rd., Rangoon. Burmah Lucknow, Price Rs. 9-8 postage extra. "COMPETITION" WATCHES

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Printed by W. F Perrin at. the Tnternational Tract Society. 17. Abbott Road. Lucknow.