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Downloaded To THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENT PATTERNS, SPIKE JUMP TECHNIQUE, AND OVERUSE PAIN IN COLLEGIATE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS by Mischa Harris B.H.K., The University of British Columbia, 2009 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Experimental Medicine) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2012 © Mischa Harris, 2012 Abstract Despite an exceptionally high prevalence of overuse injury among elite volleyball players, very little is known about the aetiology of these conditions. Fundamental movement patterns have been found to be predictive of serious acute athletic injury, however the relationship between fundamental movement patterns and overuse injury has yet to be determined. Sport-specific jumping biomechanics have been shown to play an additional role in the development of overuse injuries in sport, and it is likely that combining fundamental and sport-specific movement assessment may possess greater predictive power than either alone. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate how volleyball-related overuse injuries are related to fundamental movement patterns and volleyball spike jump technique. We hypothesized that volleyball players with a history of overuse injury would exhibit more dysfunctional fundamental and sport-specific movement than players without a history of injury. Fifty-seven male and female collegiate volleyball players took part in Functional Movement Screen testing, and athletes free of lower body pain (n=31) took part in a 2- dimensional kinematic analysis of spike jump technique using Dartfish video analysis software. Volleyball players with a history of overuse low back injury had significantly lower Active Straight Leg Raise scores compared to healthy players (p=0.011). Various aspects of hip mechanics during the spike jump were significantly related to a history of shoulder, low back, and knee pain (p<0.01), and the Shoulder Mobility test was significantly correlated to 2 aspects of hip mechanics during the spike jump for females (R2 = 0.560, p<0.01). Additionally, males with a history of overuse pain tended to jump 14 cm higher than their healthy teammates (p<0.01). Both fundamental and sport-specific hip mechanics appear to have a link to overuse injuries among collegiate volleyball players. ii Preface A version of chapter 2 - “The Functional Movement Screen: A Systematic Review” – will be submitted for peer-review with Dr. Bredin, Dr. Taunton and Dr. Warburton as co- authors and Mischa Harris as the first author. The co-authors contributed to the generation of the review structure and served as second and third reviewers where necessary. Mischa Harris was responsible for writing the manuscript, with edits coming from all co-authors. The data from the research investigation (presented in Chapter 4) will be submitted for peer review with the same list of co-authors. Mischa Harris was responsible for generating the manuscript, but co-authors also made significant contributions to the content and provided methodological guidance, as well as comprehensive edits. The content in chapter 4 was obtained with the approval of the UBC Behavioural Research Ethics Board certificate number H11-02123. iii Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... ii! Preface ..................................................................................................................................... iii! Table of Contents ................................................................................................................... iv! List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ viii! List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... ix! List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. xi! Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... xii! Dedication ............................................................................................................................. xiv! Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1! 1.1! Background and Rationale ........................................................................................... 1! 1.2! Purpose of the Research ............................................................................................... 3! 1.3! Overview of the Document .......................................................................................... 4! Chapter 2: Narrative Review of Volleyball Injury Research ............................................ 5! 2.1! Background on the Sport ............................................................................................. 5! 2.2! Epidemiology of Volleyball Injuries ........................................................................... 6! 2.3! Risk Factors for Overuse Injuries in Volleyball .......................................................... 9! 2.3.1! Knee Injuries ......................................................................................................... 9! 2.3.2! Shoulder Injuries ................................................................................................. 14! 2.3.3! Low Back Injuries ............................................................................................... 14! 2.4! A New Model for Injury Prediction: Regional Interdependence ............................... 15! 2.5! Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 18! iv Chapter 3: The Functional Movement Screen: A Systematic Review ............................ 20! 3.1! Introduction ................................................................................................................ 20! 3.2! Methods ...................................................................................................................... 23! 3.2.1! Search Strategy and Inclusion Criteria ............................................................... 23! 3.2.2! Screening ............................................................................................................. 23! 3.2.3! Data Extraction ................................................................................................... 24! 3.2.4! Quality Assessment ............................................................................................. 24! 3.2.5! Level and Grade of Evidence .............................................................................. 26! 3.3! Results ........................................................................................................................ 27! 3.3.1! Study Selection Results ....................................................................................... 27! 3.3.2! The FMS and Injury Prediction .......................................................................... 28! 3.3.3! Reliability of the FMS ........................................................................................ 28! 3.3.4! Modifiability of FMS Scores .............................................................................. 29! 3.3.5! Relationship of the FMS to Performance Testing ............................................... 29! 3.3.6! General Descriptive Information about the FMS ................................................ 30! 3.4! Discussion .................................................................................................................. 31! 3.4.1! Injury Prediction ................................................................................................. 32! 3.4.2! Reliability ............................................................................................................ 34! 3.4.3! Modifiability ....................................................................................................... 35! 3.4.4! Relationship to Performance Testing .................................................................. 36! 3.4.5! Other FMS Relationships .................................................................................... 37! 3.5! Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 38! v Chapter 4: Thesis Investigation: “The Relationship Between Fundamental Movement Patterns and Volleyball Spike Jump Technique” .............................................................. 45! 4.1! Introduction ................................................................................................................ 45! 4.1.1! Objectives and Hypotheses ................................................................................. 47! 4.2! Methods ...................................................................................................................... 48! 4.2.1! Participants .......................................................................................................... 48! 4.2.2! Experimental Procedures .................................................................................... 48! 4.2.2.1! Questionnaire
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