4

'I'he darvn treaclers

lì ont nroll 'lì.r loor ltc lcllt lr()t¡ì no()tì to tlcrvv crc. ,'\ srrnrrcr''s tllrli lrrtl rritlr tlrc scttirg srrn I )r olrp¡¡l fì onr tlre zcnitlr lilic lt fìtlling stlrr. On l,cnrrrs tlrc i\cgcurr islc /',¿lirrl¡sr' / 0rt, ¡tttlN,\l I I I ()N

'l'lre clr licst lror izorr ol color jsllion irì [1rc ( ì1'cllrìcs is tlrc nrost olrviorrs poìrrt ut rr'ìrìclr lrr ìrc¡iin irr isltnrl lristort' llrt irr r-cltlìtv it is not lltrl sinrpìc. l(r'rnrclcrsllrrrling ullrl canrc trclìr'c ctrlonisutit¡r ìs csscnli¿rl il tlrc cilcLursturcr:s trl'f ìr'sl se t[lcurent iìrc t() l)c ptttìr contcxt À4olcovcr', Llrc tcrnr'colorris¡rtion'itsclf'stalrrìs in ncccl ol clar'ifìc¡lion, rs ir \'âl ¡ct\¡ ()l Pr''rctict's uniì irlcnlions can bc intcntlcrl b-r, il ()nl)' ()ncc thcsc (lrcs lions lttve bccl cx¡rlot'crì cllì rvc nl()\'c ()rì Lo ltnltì¡'sc tltc fìr'st sctllcnrcrìl holjzolrs tlf' tlre LN lnrcl lrN. Ille lclrsons u 1r¡' pcoplc sLlLr tccl to livc ir tlrcsc ìsìlLnrls. lLrtrl []rc irrsiglrts lf lìlltlctl b1' eortf ìgulutional pcrs¡rcctir cs anrl nrorlÒ1Jing of'cxp:lnsiolr r'()LrLcs, in oltlcr' Io rrnclclslanrl llrc 1'r'occsscs b¡'rvhìch thc (lvcl¡clc. \\/cì'c tr'¿uìsl()r'rnccl fì'our ill cll¡tl iLlcìri¡rclago ilrto onc occitllìcd bl lcsjclcnL co¡'rr¡r-rnitjcs. ( ìlrclli,'5 l olli cxccptcil (198 l,1985, 1987, 1990).(l),cllrlicfu'cl r:rc()l()gislslravcscltlorrittltllcssctl sLtclrtlLtcs litrns. Irtlcccì. thc lìl'sl cxcLr\,u(ols o1'¡ (ì¡'cluclic Ncolilhic scltlcrìrcr]t. tlrirt ut Sirlìagos.

IlurllY consirlcretl llorr'Dco¡rlc goI Llrclc. ussurìrirìl] ll rìevclopnrcrìt Iì'olr irn clrrlier . uncliscrxclccl pìrusc in thc isla¡cls (lrvans ancl l{cnllcu' 19(rfl: 82 t)l). \'ct llrc e rrlrrr jsatjon of isllurcls slroulcl, liìic iu'r1,fì¡'nr ol snrall-scalc lrriglatiorral ectiliLy, l¡c ucccss- ibìc to analt,sis (l\rrtìrrrrrl' 1c)90). arrtl ir e()nrl)irìiìlr()r.t of ir¡rl'tr'ouel¡cs rvill ¿rllon' us to llcllcrirlo ir r'¿urll('ol itìr:rrs ¡lbtrul llrc u'lys ir n'hlclr conlnunjlics nrir\, llrvr: slrrllr.rtl trr cnrclgc in thc (ìl'cllrcles, (ììltplcr'5 dcvclops tllis lirrt: ol crtrlLtìr'¡'f ttrthcrbl'nrle r'ple tirrrl lìrc vulictl lllcì llcoìogicll sigrìrrtLncs ol tllc cln ly lrolrzorrs lrs irrlicutiorr-r ol clillc'rcrl . u,¿rvs ol'lir'ìni_t ìn thc islunrls rr itlrin Lhc 1l¿u'zrlctcls csllrhlislrccl in e ìr:r1ltcr' .l

'l'hc lnc¿rrrir.rgs ol' colonis¿rtion

(llrcrrr''r; lrirrrcclirlt rcsclrelr ort lllc eoìottirjirliorì of'tìrc Àlcrljlcr riurclrr isllurtl:; rr'ìll lrc tltlicrr ls rt blrrc¡r irl lo cllbolrtc lurrl. il scrctrl lcs¡rcct:i. rcuoll< l)t:s¡ritt orr¡r,,irg cllu.rgcs in eLrlr¡nisuliLrn tlutcs (ef' (ììrcllr' 191ì l lrrtl 1990 Irn llrc Àlcrljtclr uncrrì irs ir 'lllclc rr,ìrolc). rrruelr ol ìrs 1rrLlirclign'l rcl¡uirts robttst, is nrlnrfi'stlt lt 1l:rttcrlirttl t, _-

.\lt i,l,rlt,l irt¡ Ir (,111,¡'1 ,rl 11,, ,:l'lr (.r, l.r.l, | 0fì

islllllrl tloìtrtlisrLLiott flìrtl. lìl l llcrìcitìlis(ì(l ìovtl, t'('l¿tlcs lo jsllultl sjzc. ilisllltt:c lì.oll lr rììltinl¿uì(1. lrnrl errnfìlltrrittiolr. (llrelr,l'rrls c(lltitllv li¡lltt to cntl)lìltsisc tlrc ltrct tllLL tltc f irst isllurtì sclllcntclrls¡rosl tllrlt:tl ìrv lll¡r'llillclllilr lltcL,ll'lir.sl ir¡rliilrtjolrs lllLl islrL¡rls rvcrc lreirr1l cx¡rlor-ctl unrl f hcil rcsoulccs cx|ìi¡j¡1'r.1 ;\ tlrirtl llsting eonlritrLlrio¡t is liis pl'oposlll tltal coìortisltliott,lLlthotrlllr t;cll¿rinlr'ptr ptrsivc, lclrlctl lo jrrvolvc tlrritc sltrrr.l l'rlllrc lllovcs ht,.¡11',11 gl'ottlls of sctllc'r's Ir'cviotrsì1 1ìr,ìn¡1- iir lrtljltcell ¿l't.trs, l'¿rlltcl'tlllt \\'llt't'li of ìtltrlliilr'ltttls lì'orrr fìu lrfìi:ìil Sonrc ol tllc nlovclr'ì(ìnl l)llltìll(.1('r's plo¡rost:il il lìltl Il'cviotts elrltltlcr ¿u'c lclcvirrt to llrjs tlril'tì jssLrc li¡'in cortlltst to l)ltt;ifìc or. (l¿tlitrlrclttt tltr¡rrtslierrtcs, liìc /\cìll(iìn lìLrrrrir¡l'¡lrclil{c'rvlLs lrLrlll'urrl vt¡lncr.rrblc lrt -\cil. itlì(l tlltc tl¿t\,'s tl'ttvctl. ot ltlroLrl ,20 l<¡r ¿rl llttlcn ellroc -spccils, rlrrsl llrr,c Ltcclt tr eolrrllloll lllltljlllttltt lìl'tlrtinlcllulttcrl clossinj';s (so. consìtìt-'t'inl,, ltlso scltsorrlrl et¡r sltllitlls' À'ljllort pt'rrbltbìr'1iot tlrc linrc si-'¿rlt'r'ì¡11rt in tltc lincs lltat ltc¿Ltl this cllr¡tcr, cìtlsllìlt:tl'rcLrrtìiì

irtl:-s slroLtltl hltvc ltt'crr lllisilrlc in f lvoLn'¿rl¡lc i;olrlitjons. lltlroLrr¡ìr lrf tcr t\u) (litJS iLl s(ìir lllliLllltlsclLttLrccollrctlillicLllt tolltrrllc((ìusc l9(r9: llì0),ulcl rrrr1,rclilulccoltrr¡tr¡l stc¿ltl\'\\"ciltllcl'ilt tlrc,'\cllclrn is risl

Iol'icltì 1lt'occss ilt u'ltjch cltcll cvcnt sllt¡rcrl tiìc lcxt irt rrl'tcrt rLn¡¡licip¡rlct1 ¡,¡1,s, ¡¡¡1.¡ itt tvltjtlr tltc ovcl'¿tl[ ìlltltenì is rlrn'/:lrrr'/ /¿rrr'l'aliola]is:rtjo¡ of :r IrtlinrPst.st rrl ¿rcf ioll-s jn t'tt¡lilt'tll'jvcrt lrt,tltc slror't tc:l¡ iìt:cjsjols of iltlivirlrrlrls ot. 11rorr¡rs ll cltr.r lrlso lrr¡ llt'gLtcLl lhltt lìrcl'c rllLtst lìrtvc bccn corrsirlcr'¡lrlc r,¡rliltbiljLv in lhc prrr'posìr'encss lts \vcll lls tlle t'ilììge ol colottisl,ttiott c¡risorlcs. lìo¡r loclLliscrl shilts tltLl rlcre ¡roblrlr[¡, lcrer collsiclt:l'ccl stgrtilìcttrtt cvcrìts. to ()tììcls rvlrclc liLir'ly antL¡itious rlccision.ntlrliing ¡tay l¡c ilrlcl't'ctl Ollc irrst¿ttìcc ol tlrc llttlcl is lil

As itltlic¿rtctl lLltor,'e . solttc ¡l'cli¡ìi¡¿¡ \' tìr¿rllct s ¡f tlcli¡titi¡lt ¡l.c ¿rlsrr ilt rlltlcl. st¿r¡.1 irlg u'ìlh 'colorrisitliolr'ilscll I'rn'cclì ( 1990: 5(r), rvlitirg of ( ìr'ccli colonisrrtio¡ i¡ tlrc fìr'sf lllilIcttttiLlrrr l.ì(]. iu'llLrcs tlìlt lhc lenr cur [¡c nrisìc¡rtling bcc:rusc it obst,¡rcs tlrc llì¿lrl\ llììl(ì(l(r(lc'ltf rtr.rlit'ilicr:r ilrrl nlo\'c¡rr'rìls tìrlLt lL:tl lo iì ll('r'rììiìncll Irr¡rrrlation tlrtrrs lcr' lo u rìc\\, :.rtclì (sct. ul-so tìc ;\|gcìis I 99ll). Sltlitlt ( I 995) ct jticiscsl tllc its:;tilììl)ttrlls tllrtl lLlc inlrotl¡ccrl ulre¡ rlclrlor,ìrrg tlrc tclll ilr tllc l)lcjlie, (ìor;tlc¡ (199ì: ,Ì,1) I'cc()lìfìgtltes llrc r'clv itlcrL ol colonjslrtion bl' r'isLtllising it us l lì¡'nt rrf'sPutj¿rl r-ervr¡ l< itr¡1, ittvoìr'ittg llìc (rt'('¿rti()ll of'ncw rrocics. anrl ¿rs orre crrl ol l s¡cclrlnr ol ryirys trl Lrsirrq 'l'hc clarr,r-r trcaclcts 109

;t) ' 'l't l\4 ti ñrrxt,lf-l T I II \4otlcl ¡\ Narxrrrf-l ç tr tr ll .e lVlorlcl ll Nrrxrcrl-l o tr tt èo (i ñror,',f-l I tr t Mo

I¡ig 2.6 Moclcl phascs lirl thc scltlcn'lcnt of'ân islanrì. 1¡l7r(ìr'avcs anrl Aclclisolr's lr¡ur' scclucnccs. cxplorirrg lcl¿tivc r'¿rtcs 1ìl'thc ttansition lì-om cìiscovcr'¡' to cokr.lis¿tron arrcl csL¿rblishmcnL. Moclcl l : rliscovcr-1,, colonisâtion ancl csl.ablishr¡cnt succccd clch oLhcr rtr¡riclly. À4oclcl 2: cliscovcr'1, ¡rlcccclcs colonisirtion b], a rr*nt,t.unt pcriocl ol-timc; color.ris¿rtitrrr is clr,rickll'iìrllou,ccl by cstablishnrcllt. ñlorìcl .l: cliscovcr'\'is cìtricl

islancls. Arrd at a practical clcfìnitional lcvcl lirl'islancls alchacologists, (ìhcrry clis- tinguisl-rcs bctlvccn:

tlrc c¿rlicst- octt.rþttti.trtr ol an islanrl (i.c. thc ¡roint nt rvhich ir has bccourc thc plirci¡ral 1-rltx,itlcl of'a gxrtr¡r's subsjstcncc rccllriì'cnrcnts antl thc lìlctts ol'its lcsirlcntial pattcln thlouglrotrl- thc ¡,car'), ancl its c¡rlicst- tttili.sLtti.t¡n (i.c. short-tclr-n or scrson¿l visjts ttr

pÌoculc rcsoln'ccs) ol cvcll ¿ìccidcnt¿ìI. unsucccsslirl colollis¿rtion). ((ìhcÍr'y 1 990: 1 98)

llvcn this clistinction ìcavcs sor¡c ar.rìL,iguity. lkl'shonlcl LlrlsLrcccsslìll colonisation bc gloupccì u,ith clclibcratcly sholt-tclm \/isitsi A failccl sctLlcmcnt, holcvcr blicl', is as altproltliatcl5¡ catcgol-isctl b)'rvhat il ¿ìltctrlptctl iÌs by þ1¡\\, lrttrg it sttryiyccl - it cìc¡tc¡cìs \\/hcthcr ollc is irlLcrcstccl in pcoplc's ir-rLcntions, ol thcil impact uporr, ancl duration in, a givcn islar-rcl. (ìravcs ancl Aclclisor-r (1995: tablcs 1 arrcl 2), br"riltìing on llwin (1992: 42-100), sct olrt lin'thcl clislinclions lir castcln ì)ol¡,ncsia that claril,v this ¡rloblcn.r, ttt.ttt.clt.i..\ untt.u.t'z/;is, fìr' othcl islancls. 'l'hct, cli*tingr-rish bcl-r'r,ccr-l colortisttt.iut, ivhich is clclìnccl as 'placcn'lcnI ol'hur-r-r¿rn scttlcmcllts on rìiscovclccl islancls', ancl cslo.bltshrn.ctt.l., dcfìnccì as'occu¡ratìon ol'iur islar-rd b1'a po1'rulatior-r ol'sutlìcicr-rt sizc (i c onc thât has passccl thc Lhlcshoìcl ilt \\/hicl'ì e¡Lastr'oplìic acciclcnLs or tcproclLLctivc botLlcnccl

li Lnr,4 r,^rr rr r-[]rl()oN-J.t( lrrl)lr[r/ç: ) .¡() rrrlurs Jrl ] l) ¡ ¡ ill J

'll l¡)l¡lì.lcì ìlrLl s:)tìt,\Llru ¡rrlrrblsc¡ns l)ulì luJI).).)i)lLLr; ¡o,i¡r'rL.n;,r i)(lì l)ulr'.{.¡rLrilrs Ltt:r ¡t ¡ttL1¡ s,ÎLLttll Jr) ,lìjUtì r JtLl ()l l.ltltir LLnìrU.r,t r^\ slì ìlur)i su LLr Lli []urìrl-ì,1()rls ìrL.lil.L.)¡\rL().) | sr pJtulll.r.r ¡(l Ltì,ì:) Lt()rlustrr()lof,'¡sr.tuLLrLLlts o¡, rtlrtr.ril prn?lsr JrLl ¡o sl.rurl lur.r¡lJtp uL s¡r.tol¡¡1tt.Ll iirrLsrrLolor ¡rr.rt,r rlrtltrrlur ()lsn ¡.tt:rl¡.rtl s[¡p()LLr s.r.rt.t,¡ ,i.r1tLt.'t\-')\t,\\.r)lt'l p.t(l]ì.t 11ì¡t iio¡orrr1:rnr rr¡rl1r,i') ¡rll l)uìrls.rrìrulr ir¡ ÍrLLtl¡rtlrr lnJ¡sn:'l,to.ttl 'sLtttt¡t':¡rtrlittl rlt1ttt,r ¡it tLLrLLnLStlrlu)s:l ¡rLl r.Lr().LJLloLlnsruol(ì:) ìr sl([ru¡]ll ts.nlJrll ¡ll.ruil¡s )rL¡t sLtriLs JLLLrìrL(ììl ! if,, L.nì,\ ilrl) :rsrsilrltLrLr:'r rl.)rrl\\ ril,\Jr\\r)r.l l)ur z sllll)(ìr.u.rLJtl l. r.rorlllsruol()J lltLll:r:lItl]sslllLl ( rLo.r.r.r/,i.r.r \oJSrl) rL.rJ/\\lJt-1 ¡r.rsrIu1.r lt;r1] por.r.rtl l).)l)tì.)lxJ .rt¡ì tr) llttL'tto 's¡ìrtÌl.r ¡ .rt1t ttt :t¡r1u:tr1tlt1t:Lrr J.ll:r t-llr.t1r I s[Jl)oLLr s,Lr()srl)llV [)uù sJ,\tì.lr)'uor]rllIrì Lrl s[)ttIlsr lt]rl])r,\Ll)t¡L ¡rll(ll l()Ll 'rtlt:rs¡rLrr¡sr .¡o srrlr¡ttl .rrl)r,\\ rr s¡rlr.lìLuLu(ìtr.1() sìr().\\lru o¡ ¡ttt:,r.r¡.rt \¡¡t:.1.t st lltirLullstl(ìl¡sl 1o ¡tllrrrol:)r[ì 'sL)to^\ rJrlì() rLl s)l.r()^\l¡lL l)uìrlsr I¡ìur lo Jiu]ltt:)ltttllttt :ltlt Ln ,inl sJ¡u[:rri.) /iL.l1rì ]rll rrr srLllr.rlrrrrrro¡ lurrlrìsns o¡ .(r,.¡ i)tll lslrtl \\ 'sts,iltrtttr .r()l ltrlì r)rLl sll I)r1rIsL lurìpr,\lt)ut :)rll :))Lr']l r.L()sLl)[)1,' l)ut] s¡,\Ìl.lr ) ìlltll sl .t.lrt1 tLt:r1t1o.ttl JL[.],'.rtutì ¡o s¡roL.rrtl J[(lr.lJl]rsuo) r.l¡\() s.)rlr.urtuLrtol ìlttLtLtl:¡stls tLr ll.r,lJ.)tì\ ìrl¡,\rlllLl ,i¡snor,rr¡o lJ,\'l)¡stu()l():),{llLLrfrrrìrLirr utr[] J.r()r.u ìiLLrL¡1,\trt: sl,t¡t1t:ttLr.r.),\¡u ltLtr,i)t LtllttLtt Jrll 'spulìlsr llrìl)r-\rìlur o¡ ¡r.rr¡rlrlr: sr luJrLìrJsrl(lrlsJ Jo u()rlLLLrl¡ll r luJ¡iurrls o()l lr ltrtll Illilrt: ,iL¡rlI rii0rtr:'r¡r )f l)1rl ì.i ) ,\lnr.) ur .r\r.r r.ì\.r s, r.r¡tlrr¡:'r sllor t.¡ rr[ .rrll ttto ll l)J,\r r¡t) stl()ìì t:¡tiLotl lsJllorrr ir.Lì '.r.),\().).Lr)i,\ ',JJullssLtlur.r()l.l.t lìLttr lltlll)tLltL lttt r¡o,rLtL rttrLltl.Lttltlx:t, \L ( rl(-lltl ,ii1 ¡)ir.rLr¡t{J.r .r:)lli)Ll l)ru tnÐ*ry :lL(lrsr,\ .Lillr.tt i)tLl tLl .rltslLtr.ìrtttr I :ç()6 I tt()st[)[)V lìull s.),\[.ll)),sl)LrulsL lr) IJS.L() llurìlsr u1ì ]o rr()rlll.)()l l)ull tL()tllìJt]LltLJl)t ltl.lssJ.)Jlls LLr s¡[rìsì.1 r.l)r.[\\ u()t]tl.to1tlx.t, stt /\.¡r,\()rstL) ìlLLLLtt;,'11[ :r¡13¡¡¡.)(ì ()l ll¡Jtr stlotltlrt¡t1tlt.tL-r rtl.rlìLl:rs Jrr()\- l.r1ìlll.rLl LPti Ltt sll¡ll:¡.r,\: ) .)tll lrìì )l lo,\\ s¡ [)tllì sll¡Pl :rsJt[ì trIr lla,\\ ,\\()[ I (lt¡ïit t 92' tir¡) trotl tìsLrLol()J¡.t ¡rtrt: lsrhr¡¡olu()tlusnroloa) (i ) l)rLl'lu¡rr¡r.r()l)ull(l1r ìrìotllL,\\ i)tLrl¡ìll lttJltLl¡s (lls l)LLlì rrorsrnttlxll 'uorltìsrlolr):l (¡,) 'r1t,tvr.tìi .rtlstilol ,ii1 ¡trt,ttir¡¡o¡ tt()tltrsLtt()lt):) ( l)

0ll s:)|lìl )'i' .¡,i1 nlJ Jt¡I ¡o'iìio1ir.r1l¡¡;) rlì I)tlllìsl tl\i 'l'hc darvn lrc¿rdcls ill

Ncoìithic is cncountcrccl at cally làr'nrirrg sitcs acloss much o1'Lhc Acgcan. hr the mari- timc rcgions snllouncling thc (ìyclaclcs, Lhc casc lbl an cvcn callicr start to hLrntcr- gal.hclcr scalìu'ing and visital-ion of islancìs is glor,ving, inlorr-nccl by an ir-rcrcasingl¡, lcfìnccì knou'lccigc of'sca-lcvcl stancls, ancl thelcJìrlc thc sLatus ol'cnllcntly ir-rsnlar arcas, cluring thc last glacial (Iìailbanks 19tì9; Lamhcck 199(r; r'ar.r Anc'lcl 19U9, 1990; van Anclcl ar-rcl Shacklcton 1982). 'l'hc vcr), carlicst inclications ol'sca-cltrssings alc Miclcllc ì)alaeolithic tools lbr-rncl on Kcphallonia in thc Ionian islancls just ivcsl of-tl.rc Acgcan (l(avvaclias 1984) and unconfìt'mccl rcports o1' Lools on Skyros in thc Nor'tl-rcrn Sporadcs ((ìhcrry 1981:44), in both cascs bcsl intclplctccl as lcsicìr-Lcs ol visitatior-r raLhcr thall colonisation. 'l'hc lirll'ncl sca-clossir-rg rvoulcl lravc bccr-r ncgligi- blc at lou' sea-lcrrcl stancls, but thc lattcr can ncvcr havc bccn lcss than about 20 lcm. l-r lãct, thcsc clatcs ancl clistanccs shoulcl not comc as a surprisc, lbr sca-crossings ol 60 l

(Jamcson ct ttl. 1994 212), wiLlr subscclucrlt sca-lcvcl riscs plar-rsibly scrving Lrr cnhancc thc dcvcloprncnt ol' nasccnt navigaLional skills. Although tl-ris vcly cxtcnclccl prc-colonisation phasc ir-r thc (ìycladcs lcmains obscurc, somc insights can bc glcanccl. l,ikc othcr majol cù'o¡.rs ir.r sca-lcvcl cluling Ll-rc Plcistoccrrc, that clnlir-rg thc lasL glircial r¡¿rxir¡r-u.r-r at c. 18,000 b¡r (r.u-rcaliblatccl) clcatccl a largc islancl with scvcrâl salcllitcs in thc placc ol'thc (ìyclaclcs.'l'his jsìand rvill bc rramccl Cyclath.a. ììeccnt improvcmcnts in thc doclrment-ation arrd calibratior-r o1'cust-a- tic changc combinccl rvitìr st4rhisticatcrl modclling o1.cr'ustal lcbound havc cnablcrl

I.an-rbcck ( 1 996) k) gcncrâLc a lcr.narkably ¡rrccisc rccol-ìstruction o1-thc topography tl1 (ìycladia ancl thc clcgrccs by rvhich it clror,vnccl torvalcis thc cnd o1'thc l)lcistoccnc (fìg. 27). thc lorvcsL sca-lcvcì stancls, (ìyclaclia \\¡¿rs an irrsulal l¿urcl-mass of'slightly rnolc than^t 6000 sq l

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'.1,. / lt, V,j'tt ,':.

fìi Tþ 't:!í:' ,,r:f l' ",tlì''};,"

if)l (::b I tì(x 1.1000 b¡r I ::;::;) ri | ¡ il', ,¡,, l) -:r ù ¡\

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s . i.;trrrì) Ïl;J i, - /"\ '!dl ,.-:', l2s0{) bp

I

'l'[c¡c is rrtr ¡r'c]rAcological cviclcnce lìlr' l'lcistoccrc colol.lislttiorr ol ( ìt,c1',..1'',, rìes¡ritc llrc inrlicllii¡rs llrte in llrc ¡rcriotl of risils to tlre olrsitlilLrl t¡Lntt'tit:s. (lltclrv (191ì 1: )9) u¡tl lrvuns (lt)'17: 1.'l 1.5) huvc argtLcrl. sirrcl\' r'irhll\', tlrirL tirc sLrr¡llcr' À4cclitg t.i¡lci¡ì lsla¡tls r,r,9rLltl llryc Ltccll Itl¡ ¡tat'gi¡lt1 t() sLrl]l)ol't c¡lnnl-rnjtics ltcf il'c tltc ¿ttlvcnl ol agt ìcLrllrnitl ecortlnrics 'l 1ris iu'¡iLrnrcnt l()scs stlll'tc tll ils lol'cc. lrottct'cl', il it ìs lr:clllr:tl llltt lrt llrr.:il r'ìri-rxirrunr (:xlcrì1. ( ìt ci¿rtliiL rrrrì its srLtcllitcs \\'cr'c s()tìlo tltr'('(: tinres lln'gcl tlr:rtr lll tltc lloìoccnc (ì5'cllrrics lunr¡rccì togcllrer'. ,\lolcot'cr', ir lcrlns ol srrtrsisterrcc. lrrr crrclenrir; tlrvlrllcrl r'ìlcllfrfirLurir rìet'cìo¡rctì ort (ì¡eJlcìil, lts lLlso olt r,L rru¡rtrcr-ol othcl'À,\ctlitcrla¡c¿ur islantls. tlLtr-irrg llrc l'lcisltrccnc, tlcsecrtrlctl llortr ltlll sizcrl :rnccstols rvllo htrcl srvunr Lllc stliìits tlrc rlrllLlfìirg bcirtg srn'¡rt'isirtg gircrr tlre sntall rrlrter.¡Ìitlls llìxl sùll2u'irtc(l tlre IrtLrt¿t lì'onr ttlrirtÌ¿utrl Ir't'tìltttlls. llortt's ttl'tltr'¿tlf r:lt:¡llutl llrvr: hr:cn Iìrr¡ltrl orr Nlrxos. Scr i¡rlrrrs, À,1t:los ruttl I)r:lrls. lLtttl prrssilrlr rìtvltr'l rlccl ort Arttot'gtrs (l)clrrrilzltl<ìs ltlttl Solttlitltl l9TFil I lt:lrl | 9lì9lr: I l(r) ()rr scrcrlrl otltcr lurgc ñlcrìilL lrluìciuì isllrrtls rr jlll crclcrric llLLlrll. silcs rr itlr c¡rltcrncr-lrl occrr¡lrtìr¡r bt lrtlc lrrnrlcr'.-1¡atlrclcr llr'()tLl)s il'r)unrl tlrc tilttrt ol tltc l)lcistor:cnc ìloloccncllunsjtj,r¡ru'u:trutirrHr,ìeLrcr'1ìc((ìltcr'r'¡ 1990: 19.ì).rrltìroLrlgìt 'l'hc - clarvr-r Ir'catlcls il3

thc casc fìrr slrbstantially carlicr l)alacolithic occlrpaLion (as o¡-rposccl to visitation trr islancls sllch as l(cphallonia ancl pcrhaps Sk5,r'os) r'crnains cmphaticall¡, ullpro\/cn (Ohclr¡' 1992b). 'l'hc stabiìity ol't'csidcuee irl¡rliccl bl,such sitcs is unclcar'.'l'llc¡,¡içc¡¡ to rcprcscnt lllolc thall scasorlal visital-ion, brLt onl¡' balcl¡' ç1111¡1-¡¡sation ancl ccrtainlY llot, ol1 cLtrlcnt cviclcr-lcc, cstablishmcnL. 'l'hc r¡ost st|iking cxanlplc knurvn to clatc is tlrc Al

In thc light of'thc abovc holizor-t, horv is thc abscr.lcc ol'cviclcncc 1ìrr a hunran 1.n'cs- cncc or1 (ì¡,claclia, csl.rccialì1' at thc cncl ol'thc l)lcistoccnc, bcst intcrprctccl? (ìivcn that tl.rc islancl rvas nvo-thircls thc sizc ol' (ìy¡rrus, it might ostcnsibly havc snflìcccl to sllllporl prc-Ncolithic cornnrunilics on a shorl-tcrm basis i/ thc l)lcistoccuc

mcgalàur-ra lvclc sLjll th'ir,ing. l)cs1.litc thc f act that tìrc majolity o1'(ìycladia is now subr-ncrgccl, thc lcrrail-rs ol slrch cornnrrLnilrcs may vct bc tliscovcl'ccl. although it shoulcl bc strcssccl that r.lo fìncls havc bccn lor'[hÒomir.rg fì'or.r.r l.rlomising locations ìikc tl-rc Ar-rtiparos ancl Zas cavcs. ììut altclrrativclJ', ancì rnaybc morc plar-rsibl5,, LItc abscncc ol-cviclcucc may t'cflcct a gcuuinc abscncc o1'occupatiorr.'l'hcrc arc scvcral rc¿rsons n4ry tìris rnigl.rt havc bccn Lhc c¿rsc. ìirr onc thir.rg, 1ìg. 27 indicatcs that thcrc rvas littlc ol' (ìyclaclia lclt by thc cncl o1' thc Plcistocenc, s¿ìvc lìrr thc cncìuring r¡rrLrr.rt¿ins. AnoLhcl'r-clct,anL làctot is tllc clatc at r'vhich thc l)lcistoccnc làr-ula vanishccì. In con- tlast to (ì.vprus ancl scvclal of' thc r,i'cstcm Mcclitcrrancarr islanrls ((ìhclry 1990: 1ìg. 9) thcrc is simph, t-to ¡trool'fì.om thc (lycl'rtlcs that att¡, clivarl-cd r¡cgafàuna survivccl into thc latcl l)lcisLoccnc. Il' thcsc anirlals clicl go cxtinct carlicr thal-r clscwhclcr thc tollogr'2lph)/ of'(ìyclaclia coulcl hc ir-r ¡rart 1o blar¡c. l)r'oxirnìty to tl-rc rnainlancl is or-rc \ù7atsor.l làctor. and inclcccl ( 1 964: tablc 6. I 8) r'cpolts a lorv lcvcl of'spccics cnclcmism by Mcclitcrlaìlcan sLalltlarcls, lllLt il- is also rclcvanI that rluling a succcssior-r ol-plcvi- ous intcl'-glacials, (ìycladia i,ottlcl havc lcpcatcclly shlunk ancl lì'agr.ncr.rtccì,losirrg thc n.rajolit5' ol'its lancl alca ancl s¡rlitting r-rp làr-rnal popr-rlations, thclcb¡' r'cnclcling cach rt-lotc vuLrct¿tblc to clcrr-roglaphic collapsc aL thc salnc til-ìrc as thcsc ¡ropulations u'clc copir-rg u,ith clirnatic shil'ts. In lhis scr-rsc (ì5'prus alrcl thc oLhcr sizcablc lVlcclilcn'anca:r isl'¡ncls lcprcscllt il bcttcr trlrospccL, bcing both l'r-rr'lhct'liom nrainlalrcl plcclirtors uncl t'ct-naittiLrg irtlact, i1 slighLl¡'rccìttccrl. us tlre sca-Ìcvels losc. (ìor-rsiclcrablS, l-t-ltll'c cottficìc¡t jttclgcr-t-rcr-rts catt bc ycutttl'ccl cot-tcct'ttitrg thc clcg.cc to rvhich thc latc l)lcistoccnc ancl c¿ul_r' I Ioloccnc islanclscapcs in thc alc¿ì no\\' occr-rpiccl ¡\n islartl iuclliLcr)ì()g\/ ()l llrc ciuì¡' (ì1,¡l¡¡l¡'5 l-t

g .* /0,. :,./,

: "'',ç,t#@ ' ..lttit .- ! ,l ,. ry,.. 'r.'k¡ ;i ; &*,Wu*, ;;:,1'r,';,,{ì,,',,

lììg ,Ìlì l'ult of St¡ Nvcrlril otrsirliun rlu¿rrv on ñ1t'los (ìot¡'Lcsv ol l{obir'liilrt:nr:c

( bv thc (lt,clacìcs wcrc l

zf-S) u,as thc f irst Lo poìnt t¡ut lhal thc tliscovcr'), trl'tlrc Mclìan olrsitli¿n soLn'ccs. hjl'lr on tì'rc clif l.s of an isl¿ntl oll'thc sorlh \vcst til) ol ( ì5'¡l¡¡li¡ (f i¡¡ 2lì), ìs orl¡, clcdiblc il r-LnclcrsLoocl as thc ¿u'cllacologicirìl¡- r,isiblc lcsicluc of'lt r-t-r-tch nrolc cxLcnsir',: nlu-jLinre cxplollLLìon of tlrc Acgeal. IIe lrncì vun Artclcl rLrrtl Slrlrckle tor ltlso ctnpìltsisecl tlltt clr-u'ing thc last glacial rrrlrrirlLnìì1 ir j,,urrr.\'Lt' l)lcistoccrrc.Vlclos alorrg thc lirc ol

(lvcìaclia's \\/cstclr'ì satclliLcs clcnranrlccl sc:t-ct'ossir-tgs ol'onlv a f cn, l

-/ lourkouvouni

a Mesolithic sites A possible Mesolithic sites b

Iìig.29 Mcsolithic sitcs in thc Àcgcan. ì)ata fì'onr lì.unncls 1995: fìg. 9 antl Surr¡-rson 199fì,

l)alticr-Llarly lbl thc Acgcar.r Mcsolithic, a sLtorlg maritirrc ol'icntation ma¡, l.¡s or.ì. ,)1 [he |casot-ts wlrSr 111ç tcrrcstrial pictr-trc al]pcars so war.lLirlg (lìr-rnncls 1995:719-2(>). As fig. 29 sho\\'s, tl.rc Acgcan clistlibution ol'À,lcsolithic sitcs is patchy, ancl impossibly thin in tclms of'1hc uctr'vol-l

¡\n rsliurd at'cìrltcrtìo¡¡\' ol thi: tl¿lt'lr' (ìr'cl¿Ltltls l16

s¡flgccL lllrt l)lt:jstrlccrrc r¡ttì r:¡r'l), ì ìolitccllc ltlllll)' llcll¿ti'jrltlr itlrtl lrltgt'altotl 't¿t\/ lìgs. r()Lllcs djrl il()1 r.csc|nltìc Lhc |uoclcÌrr llirltcrr (i'a| Alrtìcl lultì Sll¿rcl

' l'hc clarvr-r 1r'caclcls 117

across thc Acgcar-r to maitrland (ìr'cccc ¿urcì (ìr'c1c u,ilhoul ¡-roslr-rlalirrg sotì1c antc- ccdcr-lL irrlorm¿tion nc[volk cliss-clossirrg thc sca ancl islancls, cclr-rirralcnt to thc sc()Lltiìlg that Anthony (1990) sccs as a lìcccssiu'y plccLlrsol kr poyrrLhtion tlaltslcl'. Such nctn,ot'ks cotrlcl also cxplair-r thc transulission ol'clr-rci¿rl klro'ur,lcclgc sr-rclr as thc Ioc¿ttiolr of'thc obsiclian soLrrccs. l)rc-Ncolithic rlalitir-nc nctrvorks plobably lì¡nrccl a tlrin skcir.r conrparccì to thc nctwolks ol't-hc Ncolithic ¿nd lìlìA th¿ìt ¿ìì'c invcstigatccl in thc lìrllou,ingcl-raptcls. Yct this gliml-lsc ol'thc lattcr''s antcccclcr-lts r-nakcs us r-lruch bcttcl prc¡ralccl to intclpl'ct [hc latcl sigrrs o1'a vcry cliflcrcut p¿tttcl'n oJ'activit]' in Lhc (ìyclaclcs, trttmcl¡' tl'rc lil'st attcìnpts b), N"¡.,,trt',t. 1'tceplc ttt irthubit llrcsc isla^cls.' a pcrmallcnt basis, ar-rc1 to clol-l-lcstic¿ttc thcil long-knou,r-r ancì sporaclically visitccl islandscapcs.

An introduction to the Cycladic Ncolithic ancl its historiography

The tliscoæry ttrLd./ì.rst irr.tcrþretatiott o.l'tlte C)tclttd'ic Neolitl'ric

'l'hc afchacologl'of'Ncolithic scttlcmcnt irt thc Acgcan islancls has, as sccn in lìg. 30. nitr.rcssccl lapicl rcccnt ¿rclr,anccs (lìr'ooclbanl< 1999; (ìlrclry 1990: 158-73; l)avis 1992).'l'hc colonisation of'(lrctc lcr-lrajns thc callicst cvcút l

prc-l ,N poLLcly or-r a lcw ol'thc largcr', offshor'c islancls) ar-rcl at lcast sol¡c nrcrrbct's o1' thc (ìyclaclcs. Most islancls ofF tìrc coast of'Lhc southcln (ìrcck nrainlancl atrrpcar to havc bccn scttlccl cluling tl-rc ìrN and Ìllì4. Althorrgh thc clctails changc ycally, Lhc 1-riclurc cr-r-rclging scculs Lo hc or-rc ol'a sclics of'cliscl'ctc sput'ts firllorvccl by ì-riatr-rscs, thc tin.ring ol'cach triggclcrl h¡, krcalisccl Iàctors, ancl its cxtcl-rt cilcun.rscliltccl by Lhc s.harp it-tct'cascs itr sca-clossing cìisl"arrccs oncc a givcn cìlrstcl hatl bccn scttlccl (ìì'ooclbank 1999). Witbin thc Acgcarr islancls as a rvholc, thc (ì1'claclcs crnclgc as lcl-

ativc latc-comcls. ilr tclnls o1'both tlrcil colonis¿rtion clatcs ancì Lhc f ¿rct that f'cs, of'thc clata havc bccn knou,n fìrr r¡olc thalr a fìu, clccaclcs l)cspitc Lhis. Lhc (ìyclaclic Ncolithic ì1as cnjo¡,c¡l a liycly l'rist6r'i6g¡aph¡'. Sclaps o1'Ncolithic r.natclial havc cr.ncrgccl liom thc (ìS,claclcs sincc Lhc start of'thc tivcrrtictb ccntuì')/, lirl cxamplc in thc lì¡'n'r ol'shcr cls ol ¡rlc-lìr'onzc Agc cìatc ou N¿xt.¡s ancl (ìr'catcl l'alos, turspccifìcc1 rral-crial or-r'lònos, storlc axcs saicl to cor¡c lì'on-l À,lclos. ancì stcaLotr-rlrgor-rs fìgr-rrir-rcs 1-rr-rlpolLccll¡, lì'ortr Naxos ancl A.r-t-ror'gos (l(alo 1930: 131--5; Lcvi 1925-(¡: 2031 l{cnficn, 1972 507-9; \X/cinbclf¡ 19-5 1). Iìut sccLLlc clcfìr'ritior-r ol'Ncolithic phzrscs onl5r l-¡(jg¿¡1 in thc 1960s.'l'hc ovclall cultulc sc(ìLtcucc

shorvn in f ig. 1 r'ccluilcs clabor¡Lir¡r'r at thi:; poir.rt, lìcnfi'cu'rlclìnccl thc Saliagos clrltulc. nrainlv cllalactclisccl bl,its liglìt-orr-clall< painLcd pottclv ancl clisLincLivc li[]ric t'cpcl'- toirc, thr'ough cxcavations u,ith Ìr,ans ât thc cporl\/uloLLS scttlclllcllt (lÌvâlls al'ìd lì.cnficu' 19(r8) sr-rpplcr-nclrtccl b¡, s.rt1;,.. matclial at Mavlisl'¡ilia olr IVIYI

/\r jsl:rniì lrt i lltr'oìo11r' trl llrrlt:s ]S

a' \.' / ,'li\ ', 1 \ l) 'ì\ \ rr ^'-. (''i'. - / iì'ìrr i¡ (\. i'' / \ \.1 t;iit

,,\, .! \'.. rr) ":;t ty4l .,/,'/. 1 ì 'ì.l('i':1:\ '... \.... ,. ù \".' I'\.- t,r)',,. ' '"'"' i\n l' " .'; / ¡-, ,,' t' lr 'í .'./ .\ì:..) I. :/ .+' ...\ - \¿. /, .1,ì ' ),.t:r.- h,, 1,iltä" ' ) 11 ( "\ .."f r l.j tl,J { ( Þl ' çl 'n'/ l. "ú. \- (j¡ J ,a':. i',.. (..l'

ì'inrlicsl T)alcti Metcrlnl carlicr Ncolíthic laler Ncolithic F,IIA I irìadcquâ1c clotlt J possiblc ealliet rnatct'i¡l r-r lrìg ì0 ,\cgclrn isll¡nrìs iroloniscrl in llrt: lrlt:olitltlt: ttlttl liltl'll l.ìrtlrlztl,'\¡1t:1 lllc t1t llst g¡¡tiltc¡lul islr¡ttì¡l lÌul¡oil isnot jnt:lt¡rlr:rì l)rtll ft()tlì llltrotlIrltllli 1999: tllllL:1

¡thct.sjtcs s¡clt ¡s Àgr'ììil anil Vor-nrj on À,lcltls irtttì (ìt'clttcl'l'ltlos lcs¡lcclirclr' (llel¡t¡¡t ¡llrl lìclrlì'err 19(t.ì). Slrlilrgos is norv ltrt jslct itl tììt: sllltil lletrt'cc:lr l'ltt'trs Lttlcl A¡lipar-os(fìg.ì1).LtLrlr,r,lstl'iginlìl¡'al

'l 'ìrc clarur llc¿rlcls 19

lìig. 3l Salilgos atrcl its cuvjlors, âs sccll fìrlm thc nrodcrn islanti ol AnLiparos rr'ith l'¿rr'os ilr thc birckgrounrl 'l'hc sitc is loc¡tccl on thc snlâllcl', uninhahitccl islct in thc nricicìlc clistancc. oncc llart o1'an isthmtrs ctossing tlrc l¡oclcl'n s[l'¿uts

ltig. 32 lic¡rh:rla :urrl iLs crn,il olrs, u,ith À4al

I Ll() ¡\rr islltlrrl ltl r'lllli:rtlitl'r' oi IIlt' t:rLt'lt ( ìl'cl'Lilt's

t;t,nsitlt:[Lti0n Ol t]ris ìlLst ltt,r ìz0lr is rlelìr¡'rctl tllllil t:ìllL¡rtcr li. (lYcllLtlie Ncolìtllie tt¿rs 'l'llc rtcxt stltgc itl tìlt: t':xpìtrtltltLrtl llltl itllt:l l¡l't':llrlioll ol tlte (ì]lt'l'l'l' e ctiliclll rìt¡ntitlltlcrl 111'tt:lcl'ics rlf'tlLtlscll llt'gttt'iI pllprìl's l¡r' ryhicll ¡flclt:tl

'lirl't"erlctr 'i. ', (¡l '/l ( lllt'r'r'r'ltlrtÌ 1rIr.\,(r\ on Ñicl0s ((llrcl'r'r' I 9'l(.). \,)' l9.s | ),,19fì:: .Ì'l 199 ll(llre|r Y l9ll,l: .ìl ,l). llisrLrrtl'liÌrc|ec'sreserL|e]r ('lirr retrec 19', 9.19tì.1. 1986. irrrìLrstIit-s. tvllicll \vclc lurtl,lir.r-errec 191ì,1):rlso 1.:ri.l t.ìrr:t.rrltr'rlit,n tr tlrc litltic l)ll (llrctIr't:Lrr¡rlrllsisctl ol tlrcllttrr IÌ1lIilVcxr:t-Utctl inÀÂt:lirLrrrrl'¡sitlirtrr(fì¡';. ì.ì) (l)thÎr tliltllrloslii: liilo$,lt Strlitrilos tUllt|l.c silcs, trlì11 SlllilLgos alltl Ñiltt'r'ispilì¿r ìr¿rtl i icìtlctl

(ìr'Lrltlt-l)tlos cLllttlt't:' tìrtrs ilucsli.rin¡1- rvlrctìrcr À,lcìos rvLrs ìn lirct colorriscil lte ltrl'c lllc s. tt'lrii ll lìcllf t'ttt' lrrtì (;l ) tll¡t tlrc lurrgcrì irncl bulLrcrl irrrtì llnrllcrl ¡rr'ojce liìt' Ioitrf

t;rtlìtlllrt ltlltllt lìrl Slrlrlrgrls't:cl'lrlltjcs' lLtltl cltel ry f tntltct slrcsst.tl lltC lilcl<()1 cxlcrrlrl 'l'h js tLre ¡tlltJ ( ìrtll'ta l'elos cttlttll'cs tcvjst'tl f or cr,ìtlcncc 0l cLllrtiltrLil\, ìnto l(c|llale pe t' lccl bY irllagc of tllc Nctrlitllic clc¡riclecl rr ìtrlgcì¡' urrscltlctl at'cìrìpcla¡l-o' liotlicallv liVctl llts' ilì .Lrtsirlc gr.()Lrps unti r,elievcrl ir1,a nrcle lr¿urrl irrl ol sllr¿tll, sllolt s('lll('rl ( (\¡lillìrii(ìll ltl lll tllltl 01 slr:rr.¡r contr.trsl lo lh(ì ntirjrtl'1r1lrsc ol ìt'trtl¡l l)t:los sllllUlììt.lll thc Ncolitlric antl itrto lhc cru'licl lìì34'

I Lcc t: t t.l rt. r.lt,tt,t t r,t:s ( Nctllitllìe Slritscc¡rtc¡[ licltlrt'ol']i lr¿ts sillcc illcl'c¡setl oul' t'cstrlrltj¡lr tllr Illc ]Vel:rtlic ol sUl)stalìtjitllY llrrl rìi:s¡titr: tltC iltct'rt¿rsr: ilr lllC tlltlLt. llltll'c lrlts llc:cll ltllìc r't:tlrrrll

rtrlLl rtttL'ltlirllllt lltt l.¡1¡¡.\¡lrlitlric lrrcls lri ì.cr.frL. rrlthcs it ìrl

(llltc Lrlrr iorlslr itllIrrssilrlc l(r l)c ecl lìiìì iìs lo lllc l)locis0 T

21

ffiffi

## @@ ffiffi

ffi ffi &@ ffiffi Ø%

ffiffi# ô-=--_:=--: cm 5 %

lrig 33 Ncolithic O¡'clldic lìalccd-stouc points. l{cprlcìucctì llrlnl llcnlì'crv ¿¡tl \X,'agsr¡f l 1982b: f ìg. 3 1. citultcsv rrl-.lrrìtrr ( )lte r.r v ,'\lt isll¡ltil lrr t,llrcolo1,1 ol fÌti, llrt.lt, ( ìr.r.lrlrlr.r

ì t)l 1 ,\r'rLIl ,r , /ì \ ¡ ) ) /(\ \ ,ìr ) \ \ñlìtir,\ t, ( ) ¿ r,.!\r¡, r. ) l.ì Ìl.rt)r * f) lt) t|! [, / '.ì r ,,, ,,,,,,, I ;1"*'"'u't''t \. ,, (,, or,t.l,\+J¿) (j "ì,. .rr, ItiÂlllr\,' 'i ¡/ t' rr,rj / s,r ,,, ì ,j,ì'(' \ì ,"n,,r) ì lÐ Ir rrrr,,s,r).,1' 1 *r Nrrr^

l,¡r,)ilt !r

s ( os/ ¿ \ /¡, ,t) , ,U, n ,, ,\, ! /i l)( )Nt) s s l'l\it( )\ ) V'r'r ,'ò F l/\, K,ì¡irkr ,t,l lÌll rvJr)Nts"\ \Njllvllrl r rtir.rlì S¡¡irl8,. \ ^kr 1' .! ,/ \Àrr )llir( s \i lr"I llir )s ') \, \ j ll\¡N ()l l.( i^N ) ì( \ ., )s.ì:., a lìr I irrgo \ otllt(llc r , O Kc¡rl rirlr L cLrllutu o tr.\.T'.,

I irrrì o tcd lN thlir AS I Yt'.^t.^1,\ I urrrlillol clìltirtc(l /¡ A l¡r Ac lithic silc ( srurrll Iitlric sitc ^\, (¡ Snlirrgtrs arl lrN scLtlctncrìt ;\NAl¡lll '! icpulrj(l lin(lsl)ot of Ncrlli¡hic nr¡rnr rrl

tg J'l Ncolitlric -sitcs in f lrr l0s cU tt J( lUtri 0lltct luls t()¡tl N I lii\ silc-s llc tì()t sllo\\n)

ollìolllll¡il litllìrtt'lrll'llìlllì Io lll(ts('. ll.*'t'r'r'r', ir is LrsrrlLll r. r't'r'i.*,\\,lrirr rlì(ì ìl¡sr rl.i:,rlcs llltVc lttt'crrlccl itl i|ì clììl)il.icltl lc!r:l lLlroIr llti-,qt,isì¿LlrtÌs.Ncolilltic l)Ìt¿tses liiii, l,l slltrrr,,s lll( ('\f\'lìl {ìl ( t¡r ¡tlt iitlut rìt:tliltì. ,\ltlr,,¡¡,,1¡. si;,rtiftt.lrrttlr. lt. jì¡(. llrrl'iz.tl S;rl.tr,,,s ( t,ll,r(. lllts llcc¡l fìrrlllil. lllc rrLlnrbor Llf LN lurtl l¡N se{rlcrrents ar(l lrrtl s'.ls is Its¡lllì sf(.it(ìilV 'l Ilc sf rllilIlr¡rll1'.f .ct'tlltitli.¡r lt'r'els irr rllc zlrs L.ir\'r'()n Nlxtrs is.f i,r.rr,jlrl ,llrrirr lillì( ('. tttì(ì itlt's flrc r¡nl.t, ¡rlor sLti)slilìlilllì\ t.onrlrì¡r¡¡, s(.rll¡r.lrr(, llltorvlr .r'lits,rll:r,lir,,ltrìì,,rì,lrìr,.\l,,lllrr.rrlllilii,ilti.li,,,i(),j:i lri tl:rlt,, rr illr lr ìir.Iiir/i.1.,)r,1,.l,)(),r) l,lr(. LrlLslLl sllltf tlllì (zlLS l) corrllLirrs sulilulo:; Lülruìc nrirt(.r ilrl, Zrrs I is sUccecrl(.(ll)\ f \\,() li\ slllL(11' llìc t:lLtlitr' (ZlLs lllr) i'itlt l)ltlrcr-, brrrislrcrl l)()rcr-\' ,rì(l ()lììir,,rf .r.ilrl tr., lclllì)()l'ilr'\ rr itll' lrLrt tlistillct l|orr. llrc l(cDlrlrlÎ cultLr¡.(', lrrl fllc l.,tr.r (ZlLs lllr) i¡11,1¡¡i¡ 122 l'hc clarvr-r tlcaclcfs t23

ing lollcd-r'inr borlls typical of'1hc car'ì5r (ìr'o11a-l)clos cultulc. Ovcllving this is an ìììl I su'attrm (Zas Ill) rryith ]atcr'(ìrolta-ì)clos rratclial, af tcr'\\,hich a stlatigraphic trcal< is clclìrrccl bclìr'e a l¿tc llll Il su'alunr (Zas IV). ln arlclrtion to Zas l. lul tlrcl Saliagos cultulc scttlcnlcnLs havc bccr-r cxcavatccl at thc n-rulti-¡-rcliocl sitc o1'(ìr'otta on Naxos -l'sakos (l Iacljianastasiou 1 988) arrcl l)htclia orr Mvkonos (Sampsor-r 19971 1 992). rvith hints of'firrthcl scttlcmcr.lts in tl-rc fìr'r¡ ol-pottcry lìncls at Akrotiri on'l'hcra, ù1ir-roa ç on Arrolgos ancl ì(oul

(I(orLfsonl

I Ia ar-rcl thc lcvcl ovcllf il.¡g tìrc Saliagos cullnrc r.nal-crial at l)htclia (S ar.npson I 997: I 1 ) . l)aLLcnr-blu'r-rishccl shclcls har,c bccr-r iclcntifìccl on (ìr'câtcr'Ì)alos at Paroikia (Ovcrbcck jtcs l 9ll9a: 5. cat . no. l ) an cì at s or.r Sipì.rr.ros su ch as Agios Sos tis (( ìr'opcngicsscr l 9lì7: 34,44), Agia l'ini I on l(ca, thc basal r-natclial o1'an irrpoltant mulLi-l.lcliocl sitc, is clalecl latcl tlran l(cphalu, cithcl to l¿tc l"N ol carly lÌlì I (Ohcrly ct. u,l. 1991 . 1661. 6-7. i\rÀ Vils,ur 1999 227). Sct against such rclaLivcll'ttt-lplc¡blcmatic rnal-clial, ancl tl-rc ir-rclispr,rtablc glo,uvtl-r in lhc numbcl ol'attcstccl scLtlcÌncnts. scvcr¿rl otl-rcl boclics oJ'cìata l'cmair-l cìiflÌcrLlt to cvaluatc.'l'hcsc ir-rclnclc fulthcr Ncolithic sitcs ol'r-n'rs¡rccìfìccl clatc. clair¡ccl orl lhc basis ol'sr,u'fircc fìncls on Myl

Iti;1. ì.5 N()l.tlt (.ltfìl À,lclos sltou.iru,. f llc ()l loclìtion \,,'litlri. , \rrt.r r, l:,¡ir,. ,., ,\..,..,.,..r¡(\ j il t¡il ¡lr,tt,tL.. , i¿ulri, rvlttcr.. ìool< orrl iuì(l l.¡ l)()i¡)ts olrsitliltn (ìlti¡t.¡.ins. \ltcr lÌcnfì.crr rrnrl fìr3.9..r. Wlrgstrrll l9,S2lr:

tlilt¡lllostie cltl'l.l l)ollcl'.\', rlcccl ror in irll eilscs Lrc tlceisivc. lìr.Ncolirlrie l)oltc¡.\ ollcn l)l'cscl \/cs llrv ililLgrr.sties \\'lì(t ax¡r.sctl .r rlre s¡r.l:rcc, rìrrtl rr.rc rcselr.clì is ,cctlarl llìlo lhc tlclt:l irrt'ltli.ll .l lrrtv f ìr'crl Nc.Ìillrc c.r'ir.lics rrcrìr.c it ea, l)(ì srlrrcrl ryitlr cc' ruirt-y tl'Lr :rlr thc ar'crrLcric rirrrie sircs rtrr,e ¿Lrr'.r,s rucr

lot ot'littlc can bc nrâclc ol'thc lìrct tl'rat Aglilia ancì I(or-rphi arc acljaccnl to ¡rrtckcts ttf' ar'¡blc luncl (ììintlifl 1977¡:539: Ncvctt 19t38: 26).'l'hc issr-rc is arr opcu ottc, ancl lhc altclnaLivcs ncccl Lo bc cxclcisccl.

I)rLcrgatu þutlcrru?

What clocs thc cr-rlrctrt iltlìrlrnaliolr cor-rcclnìng latcl Ncolitìric scttlclt-lcl-rt in thc (ll,cl.rclcq Lìppcar to bc tclling us? Ol.rclry's oligir.ral sccpticisln aboltt thc clcgt'cc aucì coìrcrcncc ol'NcoliLhic scttlcìlrclrt r.rrrclotLbLctìì5'rtcccls to bc ìlcavily c1r-Laliliccì. At Ìcast ir-r sor-nc palts of tlrc (ìyclacìcs (blrt l'rtnv u,it1c att at'ca?') tìlcl'c is incl'casingl)'solicl cvi- cìcncc lr¡l'scttlclrcnt ancl sor-nc signs also ol'contìntrìLy inLo thc lillA. $Thilst caLltjon in iclcntil-ving Ncotithic sctLlrìlìrcn[s nlLrst bc obscrvccl. it rlight bc sltggcstccl [hnt ar] ap¡r'oach ¡,,11¡11, glllclc cl¡t¿ tl'hich rìjscorrr-lls'isr¡l¿tccl sìr-rglc altcfìic1s tt,ilhotrl conlcxt oL urcrc hancll'r-rls ol'1-roLLcr'1, rviLhout colloboraLiug clata ol'tlthcl l

illtlic¿tlcs s.lrr: lìr''r .l t.nliltuif \,()lì N1t\()s1 ÀrlJ,l<.lt.s lrntl ¡tr..ltlL1tì_t,( ìr..itl.t. l)lrl..s 'lìr tllltc, lltltt'ct'cl'. llo l)()sl Slrìil¡1os. lrrrt ¡rlc (ìr'ottl l,cl.s. crrlt.r.c ¡*rtcrilrl ll.s bcc' fìrtlrliì o¡l'l'ltctll lLlltl Arrrorllos ll is r,,clclI rvlri:f lrt.r.rlris ¡cllccls sirr¡rì¡,rr liLiìrile l., (lctccl sLre ¡l ttrtttcl-ial. ()i'it elcslr'¿t in tltc-sc isla¡rls ¡¡.i¡r trr tlre ( ìl.rrll¿r l,clas crx'l'tsi.rr. oll l(ca' tllc ¡rt'csclll tl:tlit clltlttttl tlt:ntonstlirtc c()nlirìr.rit-\,ol Lrcctr¡lrlion lì.onr l(cl¡lrlrl¿L lì¡rrl l)¿toulit to A1¡ia Ir.ili I (ltlt ctlrralÌ¡, cltìtì()t ILrìc it oLrl), ltntl orr llol.tlr_u,esl /\llrlt.os lllcl'c itltl ill lltt'l fcr't:l'l'llì¿\ llt¡rrl Ncoìirlrrc s(ìrtl(ìrìrc'rs. lrlrìr.rr11lr s()rìì(Ì p()ssìil)lc rr.¿r¡rsii tiorlltl sitcs cxist (l(trttf soul

(lolrtcxts firr. thc c¿u'lv col()tìis¿rtion of.tlìc (lvcl¿rclcs

,\ t ¡ t t t. t t I r ¡ t.l.t t t: I t.¿/..t o t t.t¡. / t t t. o t l. t: l.¡

ltillv on in LItis chlt¡rtcl.it u.rrs sr-rggustctl LIt¿rL litt.ol)tiotì of. lìot colorrising tltc Cvcl¿rrìcs \\'¿ls ilcl lcr:tl1'vi:rlllc lllltì' tllttlttt'trcr'lltin cilcu¡lrsr¿urtrc's, tlccirlt:rll-r'rvisc li¿rcati rr,rrìr rlrt: Itl'chltcologiclLl cvicÌclcc tlrlrt rlrrling llrc ì¿rtct Ncolitltic r:t:r.l:ri¡ ¡r¡irpli.sttLl.Lctl t¡ r.c;ccr ii irt liLr"oLt¡ ol scLllctllcllt' tltc t¡LLcslioir'rllr1 coìorriscl'is l ¡cll l¡cl i¡clecrl loicclirl .rre. Scvcl ai rnor]cls llìr,c ltccn pttl fìl.rrrltlrl to cx¡ì¿ti¡t tr,lt¡, 1tc¡plc ltrtr,t, ltavc st¡¡.lcrl l¡ rl¡ sir clLritc l'iqhtlv cxlllol'c hlrnl¡¡r '\ll slr'¿rrc!Ìics rvilhirL rur csscrlirrlly stlrlìc t.¡r1rg¡.¿¡'11i1.

r.-iJ.: l: r ,- i:-- l 126 'l'hc darvn tlcaclcls 127

tros. fì'amcrvoll<, lìir onc basic corollaly ol'ttrc làct that thc Cycladcs and their immccliatcly )ecn sullouncling rcgion hacl rcachcd rougl.rly thcil moclcln lblnr carly in thc Holocer-re is that 'c t() changing coastal cnvironrncnLs callnot havc ¡rlayccl a rolc il-l cncout'aging tìrcil settlc- lol-t. rrcnL akir.r Lo that in thc L-rdo-Pacilìc (e.g. llirclscll 1977; 'l'hicl 19[J7r Blooclbank I 999 hala lor ciiscussion of'a sr¡all nr-rmbcr ol-Acgcan islancls outsidc thc (ìyclac'lcs rvhcrc I Joloccnc lros shorclinc changc may bc rclcvant to colonisation history). Althotrgh [hc¡, ¡'li¡¡". in thcir nsr- particulârs, thesc moclcls likcrvisc shalc a prelèrence lbr cxplanations o1-thc tr¿ìnsitior.ì : o1' liorn visiration to colonisation that strcss thc lole ol'incremcntal shiiÌs in spccialist activ- Ais itics. As will bccorrc clcar', thc cxplanatoly ¡rowcl o['suclr modcls must in iàc[ bc clucs- tior-rccl. lìol ir-r tl-rc fìnal arralysis. colonisaLioll in tl.rc (ìyclacìcs is r.rot lil

ScerLat"i,o 2 Fi,shirLg leads to season.al. occt.tþo,tiotx an.d then to settlernerú.. 'l'hc largc cluanLity ol'fìsh boncs, inclucling pclagic s¡recies such as tunn)¡, at Mesoìithic ancl Ncolithic lrr¿nchtl-ri has bccn intcrprctcd as a sign o1'scasonal lìshing cxpcditiorx, ¡tcrlra¡ts in associatior.r rviLh ubsiclian-collccting vo]'agcsr although thc ear'liest cviclcr-tcc ol-obsiclian ¡rlc-ciatcs tl-rat of'fìsl-ring at- lilancl-rthi (lì.cn['cr,v ancl Aspinall 1990:269). cs lìintlifl (11)77a: 117-22) \\,as thc lìrst to ar¡lLlc that carl¡, isl¿r-r.1 scttlcmcnts may havc 1C conccntratctl at locatiot-ls R4rc|c fìsì-t u'ctc kltotl'lr 1tl shrlal. iL

Scetrctrio 3 Settsonttl 1>(:¿shffc¿ge ott oJ.'liltore ish'tnds leads to settlernett.t, o. Mcrvcmcr]t o1'flocks to slurrrcr gratit'tg on islancls is knorvt-l ctl-rnoglaphicall¡,, ar-rd thc ic ÌÌlìA rocl<-¡.rccking o1'a boat- a[ I(olphi t'Aloniou in Naxos portlays an assctciatccl \rr ir;lllrrrl lrr.r lrlt,ololli of lllr,t,rrrlt ( rr.lrr,lr.r I )fi

t¡tltrlllrlrr.tl (li¡1 .Ì ì) { ì lrt:r'r'1 ( l()lì'i: 'Ìr)) lr,s rrr¡111i'sr.ir rl'rr sirrirrr lllrvc lcrl llllrrlllrllv ¡rr.rrt.iir.r,s r:.rrrrl lo llrt ' s('lllr]l¡('|l Ol s()lllct l\r,¡1t.rrrr islillttls

Scttl¿llio I i-r ¡r¡1rl1i1'¡¡11¡1iL: lìrr st:rîrlrl r('lrs()¡)s (ìlrr'r.rr (l\)'i():.).(t,\) ftrrlllr¡lrrlrrlltrt,rl tltiLl oltsitllt¡t l)ro(,ut(,tììc¡ll llL,l lt rrc¡llillilrJc inr¡rlrt;l r¡t r olorrisrrfiolt l¡r,r:tì¡sr, llì(.s()ll.c(, islltlltl .l À'1t'ltls' ()ìl f jlc ljl.crt¡llll .f llr. i.lt'nsrr. srr'\'('\ rÌlrf rt, rr,lrs..r lrl iririlrl lìrc.rs fìrr

lltl.slt'll lllt'¡r..1.i lillrrttìt'tltitl rtlr.rl flrc (,r'trllLrlit r'¡rr,i'.rrrt:r{s rlìiìf \\rìs lr'rLilal)lc to ¡r.lt'tllilll s('fll('rsi lìr.l' s' i lr'rf)lr) lt.rl\sis ,,1 Àlclirrl .l¡sitrilLll ir¡ ,rlrirìurir t.r¡lrrt.xrs ltcllts lrt cx¡rllrin rvlt¡,olrsiililtl t:ollt.t:ljolt rìirl rtol lclrrl rìil.cr:lll lo rjcIl(,1ìrtJìl Il lllt,cll licl. Nrl.litllit:' lltr: srlr¿rll llrìlotlììl-\.l .l¡sitliirr lìralriÌ rrt ,*ri,l,rrlsirr:l;, tr.rrhirr.rl tlllilìrl'll¡lttltltrli,l¡lrrt:lttl.l.tiVrrtrcl r'itlr rlrcir rr.rbs.rrt:t',1 lrì..ìis.i'rlicrrtcsrl'lr 'rrr .lrsicl'rrr,'lrs r.r'r11,,.r s.(t.rrrr.rs. l

A coufi.gttrat,iorrul'petspectivc t'nt th,e Ltcgirtn.i,rtgs o.f colLtnistttion ch of l,ct us insLcaci cxplorc a clil-lcrcnt avcrluc of cnquir}'. Arrong thc limiLations ol'all thc OS abovc sccnaLios is thcil sligl-rt ability [o prcclict sr-rcccssl'ull5, whct'e cok.ltisation shouhl or havc fìr'st occtrrrccl. Yct thc'rvhclc'cìLrcstion, il-plopclly acldrcssccl, can ¡rroclucc usclul s) pcrspcctivcs olr thc'u,h),'¿ttrcl'tyhcn'c1ucs1io¡s.'l'hc ctlrl'cn1l),¿ri'ailablc data suggcsL oL an cr-r-rpilical ¿ìr1s\\,cr: nunrcl1, in thc sor-tLh-c:rst (ì1'çl¿slss, u,itlr colonisation iu thc north l),, bcgirrrring sìight1¡' latct', clltt'it-tg thc lìN. llut ¡'c havc alstt scctr that, givc¡ Ll-rc Llllc\/ctl rt ìcvcì of-alchacological invcstigation. sLlch patLclrls r-rccc1 r¡olc scarching iutcn't,girtitrn lcl il Lhc¡, arc Io bcal'irrlcrclltral r,i,cight. l'or'thcse ì'c¿rsolìs! a pleclictìr,c su'aLcg)/ rìr'au'iug '11 on 1'catur'cs ol-islalrcl confìgulaLior-r is ach'isablc. 'ltr cìatc, such aLtcnrpts al- plcclictiorl havc r-roI hacl mnch slrcccss in shcclclir-rg light on proccsscs in Lhc (]l,clacics, noI lcasL l\rr isliurrl rrrr llt,:oìo1,,r' ()l tlìr' ('rìr ll ( ìtirl,LLìr's IJ0

'l iLlrlc ,l l{tttlit¡l tt,..t lrl.t:.¡tLtnt t: \'( r)/¡rr /i)/ ( ).¡'L l¿tltL tslLuttl¡. 'it'tllt tltstttili (' til(:tr\ilù'tl llltlil tltt' iltLt)l)\l til(tntl(nttl

( t t t t: I t t, I i t t.,1.' l', t t I tt t rt rt t (t t t t (t t t t I (t t t tl. )

lslrtntl Scot

i\rrlros JI li. crr (¡ Àl¿rlironisos |ì..rros () Nlrxos () I(t llr nos 6 ( ìrcrttcr l)rttos lir tos À It'los Scr i¡rlros À lt l

|'lto1clilr t rt lt os lìt:ncitr Ir ul

lreclrusc. irs (]lìer'r \' ()l)scr vetl (19lì 1: .\0). tlrt: e()nri)lexill ol lÌrc clrste r rrr(l tlre nìullr- Iu(lc ()f ste l)llirìi] slones |clìLlc|s slr'¿i]_llllf tlt.rver t] isll[rtl lil rìrftjrìl¡r'ì(l rììcitsu|cnrc]lls sìnr¡1istìc, it l)()ìlrt jìlr-rstllLtctl bl tiLlrlc zl. rvlriclr slrorr s lhlrt isllurtl sizc rLrtl nurirìrurtl tlj:r Iilr(](' s(ì()r'('s ¡r'ctlic t tllrt llrc islunils irll' tlrt' r:rusl of 1\lljt:¡ lnrrì l'lLrl¡r,iLr slrorltl bc tlrt' lirsl sclllc:rì. rr ¡rlt'rìir:tion tllLt tlor:s littli'ttr illtrrinrto llì('slronll SILìiultris crlltulc l)r'(rs (l\,lrr,.lcs. ell(,e ilì llre -strLI(lr c:tsl lLnì(ì!ìr'-\r)rÌlr !rl tlrc islltnLl-q lLtt'tirr'.,st lì!r!ll ììlltirìlit!ì,-l

¡ (-'gl()lli) \{/lrLt is ncetlcrl is lt rut\ til lool

islancl archaeological conccpls devclopecl lbl othcr thcalrcs arc extrcmel¡, usefil iu this l'espcct. Onc, introclucccl in thc discussion ol'tl.re origins o1'Acgcan scalaring, is h'win's conccpL of island nurscrics, rvl'rcrcb5, cxpclimcnLal-ion in tl'avcì bctwccn, antl living on, islar-rcls is cnconraged b¡, a 1àvor-rrablc cor.rfìgr,rtaLior-r c¡f- r¡ainland and islar.r<1s (L'ivin 1992 31 ).'I'hc sccond, anrì allicd, cor-rcòpt is that ol'autocatal¡rsis, a lblm of'cultural chain rcaction or '¡rull'1äctor that hclps to cxplain imprcssivc intcr'-islancl colonisation scqucnccs (I(ecgan and l)iamoncl 1987:67-8). Autocatalysis is most liable to origi- nate in làr'ourablc nuLscrics, and to takc offundcr conclitions rvhere a scattcr of access- iblc but ¡rloglcssivcly morc challcr-rging islands cxl-cnding out l-o sea scrves ttt clraw colonists outlvalds (c.g. on a grancl scale tl-rc invcrsc graclatior.r ol'ovclall island sizc and cìistancc lì'onr Island South-Ilast Asia td llastcr Island). In such circttmstattccs, islayrclcrs' pcrccptions ol- acccssibility cxhibit a tcnclcr-rcy to strctch as sttcccssivc colon- isaLicr.ls succccd 'l'hc rcsultanl idcologics of'cxparrsion, and thc pl'cslige accruiug to successIul scal'arcrs. cxplain why somc colonists takc highcr risks ancl occasiouall¡, crvcrrcach thcmseìr,cs. althor-rgh llrvin (l 992: (t2-3) criticiscs l-his lasL aspcct tll'aut(l- catalysis on thc groLulcls that l'crv colol.lists clclibcratcly ado¡.rt stratcgics that arc likcly to incurhigh casualtics. Ap¡rlicd to thc s¡-rccifìc cor-rlìgural-ion ol'thc (ìyclaclic islands

ancl surrountling rcgions, such concc¡-rts cnablc ¿r scrics of ncw cxplanatory sccnarios to bc ¡lroposcd. ììcarir-rg in mind thc colonising distances cliscusscd at thc start ol'this chapter, thcrc arc Lwo axcs ol'viabìc shorL-r'angc cnl-rancc into thc (ìyclaclc. (lig. 36). Onc cr.ltct's lì'or.n thc north, stalting lì'or.n 1he extrcr-niLics oi'Attica and/ol lìuboia ar-rd involving short onc-day clossings, 'l'he othcr cntcrs ll'om thc south-casf. Acgcan islancls o1'Ikaria ancl Astypalaia, ancl ¡rclhaps Patmos, Lcros ancl I(alymnos via thc stcpping-stonc 'islands of'I(inaros an

.)\ | '"'tì . .'i' "1ì ( I ,,,,,r, ) ' i$:r.,r t',rì¡ " '"'''t .'. t,\ .

\; ,, , 11 11,'¡\' j* \] ,,, ', ' , ,r. t' r.j,i''. ),'ì f ) , \...'tt ' iol,t ) ',,r'., l' I lò, ^t{( ,l f\. I '{:l' t_, '.Y.r / '''l (. ' ,rÌ, 1 'nr,:.::,\ì, f¡ l tt('r, tì-..'. { ,r(l , l;] ui* i,¡ \

t" ' t" l:'ti' ,rü^t.lì;\ !,ù ,î,. ^

1 ti) {Jo)rS ì (

,,,n aon,r,,,r,f /i ,)¡ ì I - 'T ,.' ú ' -.ù, { i ,.",',/ \,, R^sfus t-/ I

fàvorrr able aris unfirvorrr:rblc axìs (ì

lii¡. ìr' .\r,.s ,'f r.rrtr irrt. ( 1 tlre Vcll¡tlc-s lìr¡'sIror-t r-lngc colotì jsi¡lg gJ()tIl)s

slr rlgs ol'sllltllcl . n.lon: clisl¿ltI ar](l ntor.c l)l.ogt.cssivcly l( sl ilìq t\liul(ls (.\f (.rt(lit r¡l oLL Itl sc¿1, tltis;zot.tc corDi-lt.is(.S lìot rrrì1.\, lr ¡re¡.1.,¡¡ lìL¡.tict.\r lt¡rl :ti:,' irlr.lri,.,r¡ì(litirìits lìl lltrllcrs, lrlc iu¡l(ì(.:tl:tl\ sis. Scc.lrti' atltì ct'ttcilrlllt. ilt b.rfr ¿'r.:as rlrc bal.tlcr bc:fr'r)cìì (lt'claclie ¡lo ¡t,r.l¿rtlt.s ¿artl rrr'r tcgit¡ts Ltccor.¡cs incJistincL as soon irs n¡(r(ler.lr t.lrte-gLrr_islrliols llc sct lisjrlc. Ilt lllc cltsc.l tllt: Attielt-'lltlrr.ilL-l(clr-Arrcll'.s 2.,c, trrc rrv, ¡rcrirsrrllrs lrrc t¡.*rsi insttlal' ilt f cl ¡¡s ol r.o:tstJi¡tcs, ALttllos iuttl l(c¿r i¡.c c()lì\rcl.sclY lu,o (ì1,çl ol llrc Jitr_1¡t.r. ¡¡j¡s, altcl tltc topogt.l¡rJr¡,tLncì clill¿rf c of soLltltcl.¡r Attic¡ ¿uttl Ilulrtri¿L :u.c nt()rc ìcss irtclistirgLLisltirblc or. lr.oln lllc rì()rlllcr.lì (ìt,¡]ar.1.r. l¡ tlris r.cgr¡rr, tltc tl.¿¡rsili¡lr f ¡.llr rr.i'ì.'tì rr isl¿rrtr ririr rral' rr.r't'..cr s. crrirrctr as rrr'e rrrr.r:ì-1,¡r.r,cr:¡rtirrrr. rlr rrrr: :ìoLltlì ciÌst ¿\cËr:ilrì. lr silttilal' corrrinrritI lìonl tlrc lor irsulur lo tìrc irsrlar. is scc' Itl,rt¡i lllc tt'csl 1\lllLt.ìiltlt c.ltsl, Lrrt nr.lc i¡rnrr:clilrteìr'lclcVlurt is tlre lìLcr tlÌLr irter - isl¡rcl rlistlLrccs rr. rl.l crcrircare a hl'rr c¡stcr.r ccrgc t. trr. ( r'e i¿rrlt:s Astl,rrar¿ri. rics cc¡tritlislltrlt [¡cLrvecll l(.'s alrt] Artr.t'g.s, ¿Lrrl tlrc cìistlrr-'cs rì,.rr sc¡'r.lLtc ll

Ast¡'¡ralaia fionr thc (ìyclacìcs alc cc¡-rivalcr-rt to thc jntcrrral clistar-rccs r,vitl-rir-r thc soutl-r- cast Acgcan that cliviclc l(arpathos liom ììhoclcs. Ir tclrns o1'to¡rogra¡rhy ancl clir.natc, l-rvo patlrrva),s [r'¿\¡clsc this lcgion.'l'hc lìr'st is a chair-r ol'lalgc, high, rvcll-rvatcl'cd atrr] oI'tcn cloucl-top¡rccl islar-rcls, r-naclc u¡r of' Samos, Ikalia ancl Naxos, rvhich cxl-ribits a high clcglcc ol'intcr'-r'isibilitv (fìg. .37).'l'hc sccorrrl is thc scattcl ol'lcss largc ancl morc aricl islancls comprisir-rg thc ccntral l)oclccancsc, Asty¡ralaia ancl Arrolgos. 'l'hcrclolc to ask rvhy l.rcoplc tìr'st colonisccl tì.rc (ìyclatlcs ma)¡ wcll hc to nrispl.rt'asc thc qucstion. lìatl-rcr', thc scttlcmcnt stratcgics of' tr.lcoplc living just bc5'or-rcl thc fiingcs ol' tl-rc (ìycladcs staltcrl [o ¡rr,rsh thcr¡ ovcl r-ron-cviclclll- bolclcr-s in lhc eoLrrsc ol'a continrtrtnr ol-cxpansion [ha[ ir-rclcrrcntall¡, þ¡,r.r*1-r, alcas ol'thc (ìyclaclcs il-ìto thc tcalrr-r ol-scttlc- I l11cl1t. Wc can llow tllnl to thc clatcs ancl clVnal-r-tics o1'sttch c\¡cllLs. t Spatial modelling of Neolithic expansions into the I Likcl¡, ploccsscs in thc jr-unp-ofl'zorrcs ol'Attica-lìuboi¿ ancl thc soLrLlÌ-cast Acgcan ,t¿ arc suggcstivc ¿urcl contrasting. In soLlthcnl Attica aucl ìÌr-rboia, thc tr-rictulc is of'littlc occlrpation priol to tl-rc lìN, whcn a spatc o1-sr.nall scttlcrncr-rts lclativcly rapiclly fìllccl in thc lanclscapc. (ìcntlal llnboia has plcnty o1'carlicr Ncolithic, but in tl.rc clricl south thc only ¡rlc-lìN sitc is thc l(arystos câr'c, in colltliìst 1o nir-rclccrr llN to llllA opcn-air sitcs in the l)axir¡acli pcninsula alonc (I(cllcl ancl (lullcr-r 1992; SarnpsorT 1981i 92, 145).'l'hc Attic cvitlcncc is patchicr'. ou,ing ttr lloclcln scttlclncllt. but a rnajol lìN hnrizor.l is again att-cstccl (Immclrvahr 1971 l,olìmann 1993: I 1 1-141 S¡ritacls 1982b; 'f 'hcocharis 195314: (r(r), prcccdccl by l.N in thc souLh at lhc Kitsos ca\¡c (Lambcrt 1981). t\{rrcl-r thc salnc pattcrn is sccn in thc southcrn Argolicl ancl À,{cthana. t\\¡o n.rorc cìr'v pcnirrsulas jutting into tl'rc ccr.ltlal-southcnr Acgcan (Jarncson et. u.1.. 1994: lìgs. 4.1 1-1 3; Mcc ancl 'làylor' 1997 42-51 , tl-ror-rgh ir-r Mcthana scttlcmcllt cxpansion clicl r.lot takc olì-until ttrc lilìA), as wcll as orl thc Salonic (lr-rlf islar-rd oi'Acgina (Waltcr out ancl licltcr-r 19ul: 10-l 1). Inclccd, as notcLl callicr'. this scttlcmcrrt cxpansion and thc fì¡r' infìlling ol'marginal lcgior-rs is a ri'itlcsl-r'cacì phcr.torrcLron in lhc lrN Acgcan. Il'thc lìN horizur-r ir-r sor.rthcrn lÌtrboia ancl Attica is as sccru'c as it sccr-ns to bc, litllc, il'an-r,, on- isl¿ncl scttlcmcnt aìorrg this rrclltl-rcnr axis is to bc cx1-rcctcrì at an car'licr datc. Yct or-lcc idc. thc cxpansion clid takc ofi u,ithin thc pcninsulas of' southcrn Attica ar.rcl lìuboia. iL asr- slroulel bavc cxcltccl a 'push'clìcct on srnall, fìssittr-tirg gnttps, erìc(ìuraging thcm Lo 'gel' scttlc lallcl that u'as acccssibìc but slightly lultl.rcl atìclc1, ancl àt sollrc 1-xrir.rt to cx1c11d lor this stlal-cg\r l-o patchcs ol-tcrlitory Lhat u,ct'c l-r'lth, insttlar. 'l'hc OI¡ l.ricturc in lhc south-cast Acgcarl islands is vcr'1' clilìclcr.rt. lìotighly sixt¡' 1,¡ thc ancl liN sitcs arc clrrcntl)¡ knorvr.r orr lalgc ancl srrall islancls alil

Lcr'- rìr'c¿r \\/¿s cxccllcntly suitccl to gcnclating cxtcnsivc intcr'-islancl colonisaLion scclLtclìccs. lics 'l'l-rc lcvcl ol'clocr-rmcr-rtation valics. blrI r-nany ol-thcsc sitcs rvclc clcar'ìr'scttlclrcnts. rncl l,ooì

ilas,r-r l lcacl cls

040 Kilorctea lìig. 3ll llxpansion nocicl lìl'colonisation o1'thc (ìyclatlcs lìrm Attic¿ rncl liulroi¿r. bccn iclcntilìccl on thc l

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I't11 ì9 litrrlr.l/t1ìstlrnt:t'lrrr:rl1'sìs lol rokrnis:rlioll i¡l tltc (ìlr:lrtrlcs flotn tllLt sou(lt elst

,\t'11t:tttt, ttl) t0 l tìllìxit¡trrnr t rrrssinrl ¡1trr11t'01 (r0 l<1¡r

I'oltlltilll cxlllLltsitltt*f lorttllrt:-sotrtlr t:lLsl /\t:1it:lrrrirrvolrclorrrir:r i¡itill cros:;i¡1lsrlt.ll tlrr:r f lrc ont: Llltv tlistlt¡r:t: ll¡¡-csltoltl. ltntl lrlrrr_. lllc l.rrrtor iotrsll lrrLtiilr llilLr ilr sc:1. lLllltottllìt u'illr (ltc tljlct:tiolt of lltr'l¡rlrtLilinll u't¡ils l¡trl r:Llr.l.r:ltls lltlir.ll.fìno¡lllrlt. 'l'llt't:il'crllstruì((.s iìtt'lltcr't.lìrlr'ltìltslitlì\'i:JlLllt.nrii¡1i irr;\i.1,,r,:ut lt,l.lns. rLlttl t(.\\,1u(ì lllrilt' tltllrtilt:cl trtotlt'llirr1l ol ¡r'trlrlrLrilitit's lr prLr'titrllltr tlli: i llt,lllrlion ol Llrrl,t'1,/ tlislltrtttt' ('l'/l )) t'lLtios ct¡t r:lir¡ifr rr'ltjt:lt islrLlttls llljlllìf l)( fìrsl strttlt'il (li¡1 j(.)) 'l'ltt1;r, rlllitrs tslillllllc tllt: (t()rlll)llt'itfitt: lLt-ct:ssiIrilili' ol tliflì:rL rrl islrrrrls til isl¡¡rl t;]¡:ri¡s lry rlir itlinil lltt: Ir'o¡rorliolt ol tltr: ltol izrlt llltl tllcr ()(r(lt|\ rts it tilll()l s(,(,n lr.orl lr lt.jt. rlLlil t1t Iltt lttt't: ¡tLtirtl lrl lltLir tli-sllurtrc frorn lllrLl ¡roirrl, l'ìrt,lririlrr.r flrl sr:orr'. lltt: ¡r¡l.t Ittt't'ssilrl,-'lllt'lltrr'.t'l. lrloritìirt1i lt fìt'sf ¡r'rrtlririlistir'llt,ltsll('l() \\lritlt ¡lltt,l lìri,t¡l.s sllt ll lls ¡lrcrltilirril tt iltrl:r lrrtl ( Lrì'r'onl.i rltl llrtl lrLt rrtlrl¡rl (l Iclrl l()ll()lr: 1 ì l'r; liL.r'111r¡ l')\)' \tr' I-,,,':rr|r'r,l I) 1r¡¡,'r:tl ì'|)). :r.l lr rlìt.)..i,,lirlij, ,r,r,l l.lì\,',.,, ¡,r.\\lrr r lL Ìo lll Iliol llrttliliort of isllL¡tl risilrLlio¡ cltt lrc i¡lìlri:tl. rLrì(l \\ll(rt: lcrr'ìs of jsirL¡tl illlel lisrlrilitr tLrL'lriglt itr ¡lootl rrclLllrr'r'(r()¡(lili()¡s.'l/l) rrrrros lLrr'ìr l,,t'rrr.lLl It'l;s Lrst'f ul lllLn i¡ :lcls rvlrt'rt ìor11l llìr(' ()\r.l rlrt. ll.rizorr vorrLlÌj¡lÌ i:ì llrsjL: rLr 136 'l'ìrc clarvr-l Irc¿rdcls 137 -

colonisalior-r scclLlcnccs. lìut thc conclitions ol'comparativcl), lorrg crossil-rgs acl'oss p¿r'- ticr-rlarly ur-rplcdictablc scas pcrtaiL.rir-rg to thc soLttl-ì-castcrll rolttc into tl.ìc (l\¡chclcq uaì

I ivithin thc solrth-cast Acgcar-r to isìancls r,vhcrc thc prcscllcc of'Ncolithic scttlcrrcnts pro\/cs tì.rat pcoplc clicl colonisc, lirr cxarl¡rlc I(os to Ast¡,palaia ('l7l) - 0.42) anrt lìhoclcs Lo tl-ìc l

l)acifìc voyagcs ol'c. 200-400 km, clistanccs that took pcoplc lior-n tl-rc Solonror-rs Lcr lvcll SanLa (lluz. Vanuatu ancl Nciv (lalcclonia. sea, 'l'hc conscqucllccs ol a south-cast Acgcan cxpansior-r ir-rto thc (ì5'çl'1¡lçs calt bc rblc, cxplot'ccl b]'br,rilclil.lg a simplc sir¡ttlaLion r.noclcl basccl on suitablc palarrcrcls. lìig. 40 uarci sltou,s a simtrlalior-l of intcr'-islancl cxpausion) sLaltil-rg u,ith bliclgchcacls on Naxos ancì 'gct/ Arlorgos ar.rd opcralirrg thlough ¿ì sccllÌcncc of'tinrc-fiailcs ('l'ìts). llchincl caclr'l'ì I 'ìcse mttsl of coursc bc inraginccl a much mcssicr tr)r'occss o1'1-rionccr scttlcrì1cr-rl-s, shr-rttling. iby stops) slat[s ancl ìocaì r'cl-r'cats.'l'hc ccntlal roìc pla),ç¡l by Naxos comcs oLtt clcar\, clc- noL just as tl.rc ¡rrobablc targct liorr Ilcaria, buI as thc lìrcr-rs ol'botl.r subscc¡trcr-rt- paths ìo1'c ol'cxpansion. Oncc scttlcrrcnt on Naxos is consoliciatccì, tl-rc ncxt plcclictccl stagc is Iors thc colonisation o1'a conlpact glou¡r o1'otl-ìcl largc arrcl r¡criiul-r-l islancls in [l-rc sonth- gan (lycl¿ìdcs cast ((ìrcatcr'l)ar'os, iVlyl

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'llLì<ìrl1i iìtlo ll(-(r()trìt fltr.'lt.srrlts of tltis cx¡,ìilt.ltli0lr Ol t.tllil|islrliolr tlt,ltlLl..it.s i,. tltr, sotllìr t"lsl /\t:11t'ltrl, fllcl'tl is 11.,otl |t:irs0ir lo sIllllc:it llÌtl lltct fìl.sl st.llli.l,.L:|l ll.,l.izrrI illtcstc(ì ilr (ì.1'cllttìtts. tllr: ttltltr.lv llrc l,N SlLlil¡ros eulrrlr'. rcil'('sLrrts lì¡ r:xlt,rsi.rr.f l3tt 'l'hc d¿lvr-l llcaclcrs t39

clcfìnitc Saliagos cLrltLrrc scltlcnrcnts, ancl a cor-rsiticlablc r-lur-nhcl'of'othcl lìrrcl-spots ol-Ncolithic r.nalclial. shotrld coulc as llo sLlrprisc. On Naxos. thc lancllàll zonc shoulcl bc Lhc castcl'r-r coast (lì9. 13a), an alca that has bccn compalati\rcly littlc ex¡rlorccl to I c1atc, br-rl- rvl-rich ìras l.rloclucccl str-a)¡ Ncolithic fìncls in tìrc fì¡r'r.r.r of'a u4ritc-orr-clalk jar'

I fì'onr l(arraki ancl arr ¿xc ncar Moutsor-nra (Zacl.ros 1990: 32).'l'hcl'c shoulcl bc r.norc Ncolithic rral-clial to bc lìrlrncì tìrclc, pclhaps bcginrring callicl tl.ran thc [ìr'st occupa-

"d tion at Zas, to thc wcst, ¡rr-rsl-rir-rg colonisation back into Lhc latcl sixth millcrrniurr ìì(l ancl ¡rcrl'raps lirising thc possibility o1'an ir.nr¡ccliatcly ¡rlc-Saìiagos phasc.'l'hc moctcì ol-cxpansior-r or-tI LIrr-olrgh 1hc (]vclaclcs lì'on'r Lhcsc bliclgchcarls c¿ìnno[ )rct bc conr- palccl in clctail with thc availablc clata. On thc othcl axis ol-apploacl-r, thc lìr'st cx¡ran- I sions r-noclcllccl alor-rg Lhc loutcs thlougl-r thc nol'thcrn (ìyclaclcs coll'clatc r,vcll ir-r timirrg and clistribuLion r,r,ith thc lrN horizon sccn orl l(ca ancl 1\nclros I So fär', thc clat¿r ancl 1hc r-l-loclcls cot'r'clatc rcasonablv convincìngl)'. ì1c1,1¡¡1¡ thc l¿lrcl- ^l firll islancls. hou,cvcr, rrrrlti¡rlc intcrplctativc paLhw¿rys as u,cll as cxpiìrrsirl-r loutcs opcrì Llp.'li.r plcclict Lha[ cxpansion mighL continuc in a cclt-ain rva¡'is nol to allìr'rl that it clic1. Ì)coplc rligl.rL, 1ìl'cxar-nplc. c1r-ritc simply clcciclc rlot to cxpancl ¿ury l-ur'thcr' Iol a consiclclabìc lcngll-r ol- tinrc. Molc(:rvcr, as colonisation clicl cvcntually nrovc ql"t cìccpcr into thc (ì5'çl'¡¡lç" ancl arvay fì'om thc initial blicigchcacl zoncs. thc ¡.rossibilitics ol'cliscclr-ring colonisation prÌths dirrinish, ancl inclccd a cot-t-tplcx proccss ol'pcoplc 1ìltcling il-r liom rlivcrsc islancìs u,ithin Lhc clnstcl is r¡olc than likcl1,. Anothcl poir.rt r'r,or'th airing is thc iàct that as thc south-cast Acgcan cx¡ransion inltl thc (ìvclaclc*

atrlpcal's to havc st¿ìl'tccl a nillcnniur¡ bcJìr'c thc Attic-ÌÌuboian olrc, it is in thcor'1, 1-ros- .l siblc that nrost ol'thc clusLcl rvas scttlccl b1, thc lìrlmcr cxpar.lsior'ì bclìr'c thc ìatLcr hacl In a chancc to havc rnuch cfl'cct, although thc prcscr-rt ¡ratchir-rcss ol'Lhc rccol'cl thror,rgh-

[() ¿t oLlt thc LN ancl lìN mal

((llr.r rr ('l lt)t)l:'l Ì(r.'l i l) ()lrlrlrsllrsrlurrilrl 'tl ¡lrrlrr,r'of rrrli.r,rllr.rrllrr.s.r rlrt st't iltlirlr ol i'xt:lnlrli'tlln;scntl¡llL1ir.s lro¡t l;r,r,r.t.lLl ¡l¡lt, l(r.ir¡lsil¡s is liì¡tly l() i)t()(1..( r ot lclt lr;it (, ln:j\\ (.t,, I J | ¡ j,, o ¡lrr I it:r tlltr rll tclìl t()t I lìtt¡iJlt:stìors i:lilr Irr. lllltilt. lctittrLlr|1i r,t]tl|rsiLltt ll.OlI lltr,rsltUrrls 0l lltc soIllt t.lrsl Âc11r:lt¡ 'l'ltr. llinls ol rì rrrir:tr iirl r,,rlonisilli irlcolor,,r,rril/ltLlllrif itrLrs lri¡rizo¡s llrlii. il lltlilit'lv llt:rf sr'Ilcllt.lrl rlollrì lìzzlr.()l{ llt(,r tltc fìrsl lrrjrlrti.lrt,lLil:t lllrÌr.t.tì, tltl ''ìlrlillllris s('lll()r)rolls tìrìl jLt,l ()tt Nit\r).,, z\rrrltl,os tLllLl À,lrli¡rrits. lrLtl lLls() ()tì ( ìl.r,rtlt,l l)llt'.:; lIlrl l jtt.l'lt. l,('l)l'(.|('tìl rlt.r,il;iallt la firrll,(.\\ ((),tirttrrilir.s il(rosfì lt llitlalì\\,()t.l( ol is/ltlltls ltttrl llllrl()\\ s!lil jÌill)s i¡ llrc (ì¡tllLrlt's. so¡llr clLsl i¡rtìr lrs llrr.lirsl'l.lis irr fiil, l0l¡ri'riitrt,lltlrisli1llrt,tltr.liliL.liltoorloflìrLlirrltoscltltlrr..s(,ill(,1ìr(,rìtorìlossr.cr¡s llilllr'lllt'ltl)f)ili('lrl llrrilof r'tirlorct'lirr ,'ìrrlnllostrrllrrr':i('f{l(,rìr(,¡lsl¡t,\r¡rrrì llrr.rr¡alll t'ltsl ( 'rt lllrl.s is l''ss lil t rrLlttrtlr' ()lt ''1¡51' t ¡r.oplc irlLtl t.rosscrl rìrt' llilLr.irL, ,i.rr. rlrt.r. ttrrllltl lr. rrollrirrll ilt lIl'lll:; of lt|ltliltl cJlrlli'riir':, r{) sl()l) lìrcrrr:;prL:lrrlirrll rlrr,o¡lllrrrrrr (lt'r:llttlcs. llr. /\nronli lllc st,rcltl Ir.i,rìit:lcrl i.x¡,1¡r15,¡1¡¡¡5 oll ol ljtc s()lttll (.itsl (ìt,t:llLtlt,s. orrr'¡rrorrrisi¡t1 clr¡iliillrlt.ntl:rl lrc ,li.lros, lrorrr ,\,1¡li.rrnos {o llrr. lllllt,islllrtl ol lr¡trl r"'rlll'rf l'trl¡;¡¡' ir'¡r,ljlr,,'r' \,1'rr,,: \\'rrr'rJrrrfrr,..,,rilrr L:r.r(.r ,(..r,;rr..,,,1r¡r¡..¡,,,,,¡ I¡rf itil \\(.sl\\'ilrl is lltct,r iltilt lrll, lr,lrrrlin1l lo À1,,¡,,.. rvlti:lr, lllr:lrol llltt ilt,llrlt,iirt,l iolonjslìlioll rìtrlcs jlrtri¡lrrin1l ltr'11lrn. it rs to ltoli,llut(. lrt.criltÌrrr11 ltr orrl r.x¡l¡nsion lì1.(l('ls' tllis lsllrllrl is 'rllL'tlf lltt'lrtsl rrlrjor isllrlrìs lrr lrr.ir,lrrrist'il rrlr¡¡i r,i//l¡,1,¿rxis.f t:tlllr" ()lltl lt'llstrll tt'ltr'(llc s:LìilttÌrrs crllrr. llj 1r sofllcrri.ll irlrizol l,t,nrLirrr.tl ()l)(,ll ro rrl ilitlisilt lirt str i.t11Ì ttlt:; lltt'tt:fìrr. llr. flrr I tlr:rt r/r. lrr-'sl tllrllr rl.rr: lr.irrl ¡lr,rrt.rrrrt.tl .1r Itll islltllil tt'llicll tt'lts t¡lllilit:lt'ltt lrir lrt irrililLl lìrL:Lrs ol sr:lllcnrt:rrr, ( ltlrccr ninll flrr.llLrll. litllic silcs of Alllilill lttltì f(ottirlri. il tìrt's,r lrr. irrtlc.il rìol s('rIlr:nrt:nfs (rLs (ìlrt,r.r¡ L¡¡.,,1l .!ì,j,,.. \ r\r(l()i,À 1,.1. .. , .. . ., ; ',.1;,.' l)ì,ittilts lit,r UIl\ silorrll t.onfìr.r¡irf irlt lloltr iLlì itìt(.nSi\Clt,iltr.sli ¡irtlr:tl (llrrìrtrlir: jslllrLl llr:rr lìlLlirLllos ( lrlr¡Ìo sr:rr('lrr)iìlrì ilitr rror cxrtrlrr orr.r.rlrc i:¡rir.r: rir'orr), rìcsDif r: rlrr: firt:r llriLr rirt: islirrtl l

or thc apploltliatcly col-rsiclcrccl in lcn11s of its nclrvorl< ol'corrrmurt'itics ovcl a u,iclc tract rlf' )clucc islar-rcìsca¡rc rathcl thar.r by thc lìrtc ol'inciii,icìual islancls. Such a'bliclgc too lir'' lnoclcl calìììot bc asscssccl to a lcliablc clcglcc r-urtil làr'bcLl-cl rlatiì alc availablc ettnecLtrittg l-cast lhc nurrbcl's, sizc anc] prceisc cr'ìntcu1[r(rr'¿r]cit5'o1- thc Saliagos cultul'c scltlcmctll-s. makc lìrrt a l'cn' ¡-rossiblc sccltat'ios can bc skctclrccl to cxpìolc ri,hat might havc happcuccl i, thc Lurclcl scvclcly aclvclsc conclitions. lìol cxamplc, 1-rcoplc ou Naxos, Ar-uttt'gos aucl "ca1cr Nl5,1ç1,r'ru. couìcl clrau' u¡rotr lirrl

lrt: ittllicri¡rirlct1. itltJrotrgìr irr ro irsturcr: iìr'c llrr: ri¿rtu r¡ct 11ootl crroLr¡1.ìr to tlisti¡grrislr Lhcsc. Alld' lÌttlcìr rs it is rlrjslcltljrlg lo lsscss lr coìorristtiolt ltor.izoll lr¡,tìrc [1¡,¡¡-r. tcl ol lltl ilrcliviclLl¡l sile . it is trnrvise Io irrtcr'¡rrct Ilrc recorrì oI lrr.v singlc isllL¡rl. ll¡rye r tYcllcxPlo|ctl, as illustr:ttivc (lvciaclcs 'e ol tlrc rs rL rr,irolc. l,lr,cr'.1 tlrirg tc¡s LLs lllrLt isl.rtls. ¿tlcl oIhcl'¡1t'ttttIirrgs rvithirl ilrc isllnrlsciL¡rc, r'lr'ìcrl ,11r'clLtl¡ in tlrcir,c¿u.]r, lristor ics. lLrtl t1-rat tltis is rroL jrrst ¿r r-csLllt ()l urìcvcn lìclclrvol.l< iVloclcìs stilìrtllâl(i cxlllrrr'lrlìotr ir ollrcl'r'oil)(ìcls too, lìl.ilrstl¡rcr: ir¡, lriglrlrl¡lrti'11 c()Llltcl' lttuittvc llitltct'tìs Onc ¡tigJrtcxl)(ìcI t]rc tìcin.cs[ (]l,cllrrlic i:;l¿rrttìs lo lhc llLrilr l¿Ltlcl to lre scttlecl li|st, llLLt tttoclcllirtg lr¡s slrorvrr rvlr,y tlris rrri¡ilrl rrol lr¿rvc trccrr llre t;lrse. l'il

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CSSES nBlY, bio- rget, fbrc- Lical, astal Lilar- dis- :ìavc lAVC .cast

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