PART II.

THE nOURNAYS OR GURNEYS OF SWATHINGS AND WEST BARSHA~I, IN NORFOLK.

FRm[ THE REIGN OF STEPHEN TO THAT OF CHARLES II,

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TO

THE SECOND PA.RT.

THE Gournays of Swathings, in Norfolk, were that younger branch of the Baronial Norman family ,vhich vYere subenfeoffed as mesne lords of the manors of Hingham Gurney' s, and Swathings in Hardingham, before the forfeiture of his Norman and English estates, by Hugh de Gourna.y V. in

1205.R Th€~-e fiefs th€y held under the elder or baronial family of Gou.may, vvho were the tenants in- capite of the crovvn according to the feudal system; and afterwards acquiring by marriage considerable estates in :=\l"or­ folk and Suffolk, they continued to flourish for five centuries amongst the gentry of the former county. The first of this line who occurs is ,,l alter de Gournay, who, according to the Liber Niger Scaccarii, was enfeoffed of a quarter of a knight's fee, in Suffolk, by Manasserus de Dampmartin, in the reign of Stephen; and w·hose son William de Gournay held the same in tbe reign of Henry II., and was lord of the manor of Runhall and Swathings in Norfolk. This \Valter ·was, it appea-rs, a son of Gerard de Gournay and Editha de \Varren, (see page 69 of this Record.) _ The fiefs of the Gournays in Norfolk and Suffolk had been probably given in frank marriage to Gerard de Gournay · by "\Yilliam second Earl \'Varren, on Gerard's marriage with his sister Editha, which took place about the year 1090. 1fost of these estate.s had formed part of the forfeited lands of Ralph Guader, the Saxon Earl of Nor­ folk, and ,vere seized by the crown at his rebellion in l 07 5. At the survey

0 See Blomefielcl, in Hingham and Hardir.gham, vol. li. p. 445_, vol. x. p. 224. 280 PREFACE TO THE SECOND PART, dates his will at 1Vest Barsham, and desires to be buried at Harpley or N onYich, as he may die at either place, which proves him to lrnxe had three residences at least. But it would be nn error to suppose that the manor houses of the English gentry were stately mansions. The arrange­ ment of the ordinary manor house, and even of houses of greater con­ sideration, appears to have been generally a building in the form of a para­ lellogram, two stories high, the Jower story vaulted ; no internal commu­ nication between the two, the upper story approached by a flight of steps, or a ladder, on the outside. And in that story was perhaps the only fire­ place in the building. In the Bayeux tapestry is a house having all these features except the fire-place.a

There were, however, other houses having a hall on the ground floor, wbich went the whole length of the building ; but these were mansions of a superior description. This was, it seems, more generally adopted at a later period; and the ordinary manor house of th~ fifteenth and sixteenth centuries usually consisted of an entrance passage running thro~gh the house, with a hall on one side, a parlour beyond, and one or two chambers aboYe: on the opposite side a kitchen, buttery, and other offices.1, In those parts of England where stone was not accessible these houses were fre­ quently built in the style called half-timbered, being timber frames filled up with lath and plaster. Men of large estates, however, erected more commodious and magnificent structures. Formerly almost all the gentlemen's families of Norfolk habitually passed the winter in Nonvich, where most of them possessed mansions. Sir

,, Glossary of Architecture, part i. p. 67. Vide Arch;eologica1 Journul, No. III, p. 213.

i, \\'hitaker'~ History of W}rnlley. SUMMARY OF GENERATIONS. 281

John Fastolf built a house there. Berney's Inn, Meydeiz'a Inn, and various others are mentioned ; the Paston letters constantly allude to this custom. Thomas Got~rney, in the reign of Henry VI. had a house in St. Gregory's parish; \Villiam, his son, in Pockthorp, a su1rnrb of the city; and Anthony Gurney, in the reign of Henry VIII., inhabited Gournay's Place, in St. Julian's parish in· that city. Edmund Gurney, who married Catharine \Vauncy, the heiress of ..West Barsham, died in 1387, leaving Sir John Gurney, knight, his son and heir, who was sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk the 1st of Henry IV. (1399), and knight of the shire for the county of Norfolk at the parliament which met at Coventry in 1404. He died without issue, and was succeeded by his nephew Thomas Gourney, Esq. of \Vest Barsham, who married Catharine Kerville; and whose son Thomas Gourney, junior, was father of ·wmiam Gurney, Esq. who was escheator for Norfolk in the reign of Edward IV. Anthony Gurney was grandson and heir of \Villiam. By his marriage with Margaret Lovell, a considerable heiress in the reign of Henry VIII., he not only added greatly to the family estate, but also formed a distin­ guished alliance, the Lovells being descended from the noble blood of the Mortimers of Attleborough. By the sale of several of his manors, how­ ever, it was much diminished even in his life-time ; and to judge from their wills, and the comparatively small estates they possessed, the latter generations of the Gourneys of \Vest Barsham laboured under straitened circurnstances, whilst the expenses and devastations attendant upon the wars of the commonwealth more or less crippled the resources of every family in the nation, and amongst others those of the Gournays of Norfolk. The system of entails, and the difficulty of alienating a feudal fief at all times, forced the younger sons of gentlemen to betake themselves to the professions or trade for a subsistence. This family naturally threw off their younger branches into Norwich, where they always bad a residence. From one of these younger sons the present family of the Gurneys of Keswick is descended. The Norwich manufactures· offered in many instances lucrative employment to gentlemen's sons in Norfolk. The county being generally of light soil and uninclosed, consisted for the

a This belonged to the families of Clere and Marsham. 282 PREFACE TO THE SECOND PART, most part of sheep-walk, and was therefore a favourable district for the establishment of woollen manufactures. In illustration of this fact Wil­ liam Gurney, in 1507, desires by will that iOO sheep should remain at vVest B3:rsham after his death ; a considerable flock in those days. The Norfolk gentlemen prepared or combed their wool ready for the market, and not unfrequently were enriched by becoming manufacturers. Some however of the prepared wool was woven by the ladies and females at home; at all events, the yarn was spun by them. In Thomas Gourney's will, dated in 14 7 l, all the woollen and linen cloths are left to Margaret his wife, being her own work and that of her servants. At the early periods after the conquest the Earls vVarren exercised great power in Norfolk, whilst the feudal system continued in full force, from being the superior lords of numerous manors, which descended to their representatives, the earls and dukes of Norfolk; whose authority was that of petty princes in their principality. This was at its zenith in the reign of Henry VIII. when Thomas Duke of Norfolk built the duke's palace in Norwich, and the house at Kenninghall, at which places the forms of a court were maintained in miniature. The duke had his council and other appendages of sovereign estate. The Norfolk families were all more or less his dependents ; the Gurneys ,,vere certainly of this number. John Gournay was seneschal for thP parts of Norfolk to Richard Earl of Arundel ancl Surrey in 1386. ·William Gurney was of council to the Duke of Norfolk in 14 77 ; and the wife and daughters of the unfortunate Earl of Surrey, the poet, were sponsors for the children of Francis Gourney, although Anthony Gurney his father was foreman of the grand jury which found the earl guilty of high treason. The preponderance of the Howards in Norfolk was lost from the attainders in the reigns of Henry VIII. and Elizabeth. Anthony Gurney, Esq. who married Margaret Lovel in the reign of Henry VIII. had an only son Francis, who died in his father's life-time, leaving children. Henry was his eldest son ; he married a Blennerhasset of Suffolk, by whom he had a large family. One of his younger sons was ancestor of the present family of the Gurneys of Keswick. Henry Gourney resided at Great Ellingham and \Vest Barsham: he died in 1623, and was succeeded in his estates by Edward Gournay, Esq. his grandson, NORFOLK SPORTING. 283

Thomas Gourney, his eldest son, having died m his life-time. Henry Gournay, Esq. the son of Edward, was the last of these Norfolk gentlemen of the line of \Vest Barsham: he died without issue in 1661, when the family estates devoh·ed to his aunts, the sisters of Edward Gournay his father, ,vho became coheiresscs. The Norfolk gentlemen have at all times been distinguished sportsmen. A curious lawsuit in the year 1315, between John de Goumay and vVil­ liam de Swathing, is illustrative of this. William had killed twenty hares, eighty rabbits, and one hundred partridges on John de Gournay's manor of Swathings-a fair day's sport even in modern times. The open country of Norfolk was favourable for hawking and coursing, and greyhounds were intro(luced, as well as the harrier and beagle. By the forest laws of King Canute no person was allowed to keep a greyhouncl under the degree of a gentleman. Edward Ill., who was frequently in Norfolk visiting his mother Queen Isabella at Castle Rising, was a great sportsman, and during his French wars was accompanied by sixty couple of stag-hounds and as many hare-hounds. The pheasant, for which the Norfolk preserves have been so celebrated in modern times, took its name from the river Phasis, in Asia Minor. It existed in England as early as the reign of Edward I., and might perhaps have been introduced by the Crusaders. The fairs of various country pbces were the occasions of frequent meetings amongst the gentry of Norfolk; and were important at a period when the transfer of goods was not easy. A list of Norfolk fairs in the handwriting of Francis Gurney, in the reign of Elizabeth, is preserved in i\1r. Norris' MS. Collections. · The arms of the family of the Gourneys of Norfolk: were, Argent, a cross r engrailecl gules. The earliest men- _(i))_-i r --- ( t· f tl . t . 1 "' ... O d \J/,Jldi (' t 1011 0 llS COa OCCUrS lll -.:./ ; an CJ~ "1 I' cl._A,,~1 Sir Henry Spelman saw a seal of ~~~'-.../ L~A.A. ·William de Gumay with this coat attached to a deed, dated 1294. Sometimes it . was borne with a cinquefoil azure; doubtless in re­ ference to this branch of the Gour- 2 p 284 PREFACE TO THE SECOND PART, neys holding lands under the Bardolphs, the descendants of the elder line of the family; the Bardolphs bearing Azure, three cinqnefoils or. Per­ haps it would· be an heraldic romance to suppose that the engrailed cross of the Gurneys originated in the fact of Hugh de Gournay having brought a portion of the true cross from Acre, in the reign of Cceur de Lion, and deposited it in the church of St. Hildevert, at Gournay. (See page 130 of this Record.)

The crest of the Gourneys, the Gurnard fish (Trig la of Linmeus), occurs first about the year 1440. The cap of maintenance, upon which it is placed with its head downwards, was assumed at a later period. The wrestling collar, which was a badge or device, is mentioned by Sir Henry Spelman as the seal of William Gurney, Esq. in the reig·n of Henry VII.; this is borne as a second crest. Some writers have attributed to the Norfolk Gurneys the arms borne by those of Somersetshire, viz.: paly of six or and azure; but wholly without foundation. The principal authorities from which we have drawn the following account of the Norfolk Gourneys are nu­ merous. In addition to the public records, the docu­ ments in the British Museum are of great value; of these Le Neve's Norfolk Collections, Additional MSS. No. 8841, and the MS. called Vitis Calthorpiana, Harl. 970, have afforded much information. Blomefield compiled his history of this county from court rolls, and other AUTHORITIES. 285 official documents to which he had access, many of which do not now exist. Except the errors in transcribing, his work is both full and accurate, and ha:'> afforded us many particulars. Th(~ \rnrks in .manuscript of Anthony Norris, Esq. of Barton Turf, have been of great assistance in making this collection. This gentleman, who cliecl in 1786, devoted a large portion of his time to the investigation of the antiquities of Norfolk; and his manuscript papers, in twenty-eight volumes, throw considerable light upon the genealogical history of the families of this county. They are in possession of the Right Honourable J olm Hookham Frere, of Roydon, and contain a vast quantity of matter of high interest to antiquaries, collected with surprising industry. Sir Henry Spelman's pedigree of the Gurneys was compiled from family papers, now lost, and although erroneous in some respects is a valuable document, stating several facts which are not mentioned elsewhere. It is amongst the Spelman manuscripts, collected by Dr. Mae;ro, in the posses­ sion of Hudson Gurney, Esq. The wills of the Gournays at the several offices for proving wills at Norwich, and at Doctors' Commons in London, have in several instances been transcribed. Some of these are of great antiquity, and full of inter­ esting matter. Sir Charles George Young, Garter King at Arms, has kindly furnished copies of pedigrees and other documents in the Heralds' College. Of these the heralds' visitations of 1633 and 1664 are important, as affording attested proof of descent of the present family of the Gurneys of ~eswick from that of ·west Barsham. (See Part III. of this Record.) 286

PEDIGREE OF THE GOURNAYS OF NORFOLK.

WALTER DE GoURNAY, held lands in Suffolk, under Manasser de Dampmartin, in the, •••••. reign of Stephen (Liber Niger Scaccarii, vol. i. p. 298), probably son of Gerard dej Gournay and Editha Warren, I . WILLIAM DE GouRNAY I. Lord of the manor of Runhall, Norfolk, temp. Hen. II. (Placit. 8 John),'r,.,,., held lands in Suffolk under llianasser de Dampmartin, and the lordship of Monti~y sur Andelle, in thej pays de Brai, in Normandy. I I HUGH DE GouRNAY, ROSE, dau. and heir.Sir MATTHEW DE GouRNAY, GEOFFRY DE LEWIS DE GouRNAY, probablyJMATILDA, of Letton, contem. of Reginald Fitz- !Knight, Lord of Runhall and GOURNAY, brother of Matthew; paid mo- porary with Mat­ Philip, or de Burn. Swathings, in Hardingham, brother of ney for Hugh de Gournay V. thew, gave lands in ham, given in mar- held under the Lords of Matthew, in Normandy; had an interest Letton to Lewes Pri- riage by her kinsman lGournay, also in right of his witness to a in the manor of Swathings; ory. Earl -warren, about wife of Harpley Gournays; deed of lands died about 1213. Norf. fines. 1181. living 1206, in Gaywood. Norman Pipe Roll, 1184. -7 r- 1 I KATHARINE, N orf. fines, 27 Hen, II!.TSir WILLIAM DE GouRNAY, Knt. II. Lord of Harpley, &c.; !iv. 1234 & 1243, THOMAS, N orf.fine. I • MATTHEW DE GOURNAY, held=H.i.w1sE. N. N.-Sir JOHN GouRNAY, Knt. I. living 1245; present at battles of Lewes and Evesham; lands in Dunston 1251, Norf, presented by jury of Mitford in 1257 for not being knighted; accompanied Edw. I. tine, 41 Hen. III, to Holy Land in 1270; his arms Argent, a cross engrailed gules. I l<:DMUND DE GURNAY, held a KATHARINE,lSirWILLIAM DE GouRNAY, Knt. III. 1286, JOHN DE GuRNAY ,II. Priest,Rector and Patron quarter of a knight's fee in probably a 14 Edw. I.; Lord of Gurnay's manor in of Harpley, Lord of the manors of Gurneys H oughtou, of the honour of Bacons- Harpley, Hardingham, Hingham, &c.; in Harpley, Swathings in Hardingham, Hing­ ,vormegay, in 1303, 31 thorpe, granted all his lands to his brother John, ham.Gurneys, Brandeston, W elbnrne, Rey­ E,lw. I. Rector of Harpley in 1294; seals with an merston, 1315; died 1332; buried at Harp­ engmiled cross. ley. -,- ·------....- 7 JANE, dau, of Edmund de Lexham, married,JoHN' DE GURNEY, III. heir to his uncle John, Rector of Harp- EDMUND,I WILLIAM, before 1324, or in that year. .J ley, presented to that living in 1332; living 27 Edw. III. I N. N.,=JoHN Gt•RNAY, Junior, IV. mentioned in a deed of his uncle's, 1331,

KATHARINl!l, dau. and eventually heir of Sir William,=EDMUND GouRNEY, son and heir, held his first court at Harpley, 1354; was a Waunci, Knight, of West Barsham, Lord of Dep-, lawyer of eminence, and V(llS standing council to the city of Norwich; died 1385, den, Suffolk, and of Denver, Norfolk. 8 Ric. II.; Lord of ,vest narsham, Norfolk, in right of his wife, there buried. I I JEANNE, mar. Osbert ALICE, dau. and coh. of J ohn=Sir JOHN GOURNEY, Knight, V, styled of West Barsham (ROBERT)T .••• Mundeford, of Hock­ do Heylesdon, married before and of Baconsthorpe, Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk GouRNEY. wold, Norfolk, Esq. 1396; mar. 2ndly, Sir John 1 Hen. IV. (1400); knight of the shire for Norfolk in (Cook Clar. Visit. Wiltshire, Knt.; 3dly, Rich- the parliament of Coventry, 1404; died 1407, s. p. lu22). ard Selling, Esq. 1433. ,...... ______..J 1 I CATHARINE KERVILLE, of the family seated atTTHOMAS GouRNAY, Esq. I. nephew and heir of Sir John, 1437, of West Barsham, and Wiggenhall St. Mary and Watlington. _ of Norwich; used a gurnard fish in pale for a crest; died before 1465, f CATHARINE, mar. John Baxter, of MARGARET, dau. of Sir Thomas Jer-TTHOMAS GouRNEY, Esq. II. son and heir, Lord of West Forncet, Norfolk, Gent. (Cook ningham, of Somer Leyton, Suffolk, Barsham, Harpley, &c, will proved 27 July 1471. Clar. Visit. 1622). Knight. _ a PEDIGREE OF THE GOURNAYS OF NORFOLK. 287

a -1 I ANNE, dau. of Sir William Calthorpe, Knight,-WILLIUI GURNEY, Esq. IV. son and heir, of West Barsham, and JoHN, EDMUND, of Burnham, by the dau. of Lord Grey de of Pockthorpe by Norwich, Jiving 1494, used the wrestling collar Ruthyn. as a crest, escheator for Norfolk; died 1508, I r 7 ELIZABETH, ma. Sir LIONEL=ANNE, dau. of=f"WILLIAM GURNEY, WALTER GURNEY, THOMAS GURNEY' his father's CHRISTO• Clement Her. DYMOCKE, Sir Henry Esq. Jun. V.1499, of Cley by the executor, ancestor of the Gur, PHER, a ward, Esq. of Knight, of Reydon, of Ii ving at Irstead, Sea, Norfolk, an­ neys of Dartmouth, London, priest, Aid borough, Maring.on. Baconsthorpe, and died before his cestor of the Gur• and Essex, temp. Elizabeth, rector of Norfolk. the-Hill, Knight,cousin father. neys of Cawston 1590; his grandson, Richard Harpley, Lincoln- to Queen Ann and Aylsham, Gurney, was Sheriff of Lon­ shire, 2d h. Boleyn. don. , 1TTT I CONSTANCE, mar. Ralf Blundeville, 2d husb, MARGARET, dan. and coheir of:j=ANTHONY GURNEY, Esq.-ELIZA· HENRY GURNEY, William Bokenham. Sir Robert Love!, Knight, andlof West Barsham and BETR mentioned in the FRANCES, mar. --Gascoyne, of Yorkshire. one of the representatives of Great Ellingham, and of TYRREL, will of Sir L. Dy. ALICE, mar. Henry Dengaine, Esq, of Brun­ the Lords Mortimer, of Attle- Gurney's Place, St, Ju- second mocke, his step• stead, Norfolk. borough, brought Great Elling- lian 's parish, Norwich, wife, father, probably AMY, mar. John Sybsey, Gent, ham and other estates; died 1511, 1535; died 1556. mar. Katharina ELIZABETH,.------Prioress of Thetford, 1518, before 1536 . ,, l Brandon.,+. ELA, mar. -- Drnry, HELEN, dau. of Robert Holditch, of Ran-,FRANCIS GURNEY, Esq. of ELIZABETH, born 3 Jan, 1545; Esq.; 2 h. Christopher worth, Esq. mar. 6 Aug. 1543; 2 h. John IIrstead, bo. 20 Ang.1521, mar. Richard Stubbs, Esq. of Seyve, of Mundford, J ernegan, married at St. Mary's, Nor- died v. p. ; buried at Baconsthorpe, mar. at lrstead, Gent. wich. Irstead, 25 Sept. 1561. 1 ! ANNE. FRANCES, born ELIZABETH, born 1545, ELLEN, dau. of::;=JHENRY GURNEY, AN.THONY,-SUSAN, dau. THOMAS, mar. -­ 1547. mar. William Golding, John Blenner- Esq. I. of West GURNEY, of Clement dau. of Reanes or '--v-___) ofFornham, Suffolk; 2 hasset, of Bars- Barsham and El­ born Palgrave, Reames by Aylsham One of these to Francis h. -- Bendyshe, of ham, Suffolk, lingham, born 1550, Esq. of Bar. (qn. ofOverstrand?). Bendyshe, cousin of the Bumpstead, Essex. Esq. 1548, will proved ningham, (Cook Clar. 1622). other Bendyshe. 1623. Norfolk.

1TTT1 _____..,.....1 --T-- T 1-·7 l ABIGAIL. ELIZA· MARTHA, dau. of=;::]THOMAS HENRY. EDMUND GuRNAY, ANTHONY. FRANCIS GuR- HENRY. Adaughter, ANNE, m. BETH, Sir Edw. Lewk• GuRNAY, Fellow of Corpus BASSING· NEY, of Lon. mar. -­ Thomas ma. - nor, of Denham Esq. III.of Coll. Camb. Rector llOURN, don, merch,; Leedes, a Osborne. Salford, in Suffolk, Knt. West Bars. of Edgefield and died v. p. for his de. '~preacher." AMY. of Lon- died before 1639, ham, died Harpley, Norfolk, scendants see (Cook Clar. MARY, don, buried at West v, p. in author of several Part III. of 1622). Barsham. 1614, works. See Ful­ this Record. ler's \Yorthies, &c. LEONARD. I ! I I MARTHA, mar. William Smith, of W alsing• MARGARET, mar. William ROBERT ::=FRANCEs,-EDWARD GouRNAY, THOMAS GUR• ham M:'gna, died 1643; 2 h. Charles Cal• Davy, Esq. who had by LoNGE, dau. of Esq, of West Bars• NAY,Barrister­

thorpe, of Great Massingham, Gent. her Great Ellingham, Esq. of Richard ham, born 16081 at-Law, living ELLEN, mar. Robert Longe, Esq, of Rey~ DOROTHY, of St. George'B Reymer• Hovel, succeeded his grand• 1G62, married merston, his 4th wife. Tombland, Norwich, will stone, Esq. of father in 1623, died Bridget--, ELIZABETH, mar, Bozoun Crowe, of East proved 1641. Norfolk, Hilling~ 1641, bur. at West bu. in Norwich Bilney, Esq. SUSAN, 2d husb. ton. Barshan1, Cathedral.

FRANCES,r a dau, mentioned in her aunt Dorothy Gnr- ELLEN, dan. of William Adams,=HENRY7 GuRNAY, Esq. II. of West Barsham, ney's will, dead before 1661, bur. at West Barsham, Esq. Barri:Jter-at-Law. born 1632, died aged 29 in 1661, s. p. 288

WALTER DE GOURNAY

Is the first of this branch of the Lords of Gournay which occurs: it appears he was a younger son of Gerard de Gournay and Editha ·warren. This vValter de Gournav is mentioned in the Liber Niger Scaccarii as • u ' holding a quarter of a knight's fee in Suffolk, under l\Ianasser de Damp- martin, in the reign of Stephen. The Liber Niger is an ancient record. containing the names of the great military tenants who held their fiefs of the king in capite, and who paid relief upon the occasion of the marriage of Matilda, second daughter of Henry II. with Henry Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, in 1167. The Liber Niger was published by .Hearne in 177 4 ; m vol. I. p. 298, of his edition is the following passage :

Carta Jfanaseri de Danmartin. H. Regi Anglorum, karissimo domino suo, Manasserus de Domin. l\far­ tin. salutem et fidele servitium. Notum vobis facio, quod vobis facio servitium unius militis de Dominio meo, et tantum fecit pater meus in tota vita sua, et ego post il1ius obitum tantum feci die qua Rex H. fuit vivus et mortuus. Et in tempore gwerrce de illo feodo dedi Waltero de Gornaco unum quart. mi lit. Et nunc illam partem tenet Willelmus filius suus, in auxilio michi illud servitium faciend. Et de novo fefamento nihil habeo. From this it is clear that ·walter de Gournay was enfeoffed cf a quarter of a knight's fee under Manasser de Danmartin " tempore guerne," that is, during the civil war between King Stephen and the Empress Maude ; andthat William de Gournay his son held the same in 1167, when the aid was paid upon the marriage of Henry the Second's daughter. It does not appear whether Walter de Gournay held the manors of Swathings and Hingham Gurney's, possessed by his descendants. Blome­ field states that the latter was part of the great manor of Hingham, " ·which was granted to this younger branch of the family before the for- 1167.] MANOR OF HINGHAM GURNEY'S, 289 feiture,'' a by Hugh de Gournay V.; but at what period he does not say, although no doubt his statement was made from evidences belonging to the manor of Hingham Gurney's at the time he wrote, and to which he must haYe had access. The fiefs of the Dammartins in Suffolk were at Mendlesham and Cotton, in the Hartesmere hundred. (Appendix XLV.)

a Vol. ii. p. 445. 290 WALTER DE GOURNAY. [PART II.

APPENDIX XLV.

ON TIIE DA~nIARTINS IN ENGLAND,

The family of Damrnartin (in Latin de Do- bis sit quod medietatem ecclesie de Cottuna minio :\Iartini) who held fiefs in England, were quam ego et predecessones mei habuimus, pro undoubtedly a branch of the lords of Dan- reverentia Sancti .lEdmundi ecclesie prefati martin in the, Isle of France ( see Appeudix sancti martyris dono et concedo. Etiam v. XXXVII. p. 177). Basilia, the wife of Orlo sochmannos in Angcshala in pcrpetuam elee- de Danmartin, who died in 1131, paid sixty mosynam dono." marks of silver for the possession of her dower This i\fanasscr de Dammartin 1Yas a justice in the 31st Henry I.* (1130). She might itinerant in the reign of Henry II. Alberic possibly, from her name, be a daughter of and '\Villiam de Dammartin were his contempo­ Hugh de Gournay and Basilia Flaitel. Odo raries. t de Dammartin, the son, in the same year ren­ i\,lanasscr held three knight's fees under '\Val­ dered account of 100 marks of silver for his ter de l\Iediana, in Kent; and it is remarkable father's lands. ;\Ianasser de Dammartin, men­ that '\Villiam de Gornaco occurs holding half a tioned in the Liber Niger in the passage quoted, knight's fee under the same person. :j: This was apparently another son of Basilia, and cn­ family of Darnrnartin, as being clcscl'lll1Cd from feoffecl \Valter de Gournay of the quarter of a Odo or Otho de Dammartin, were afterwards knight's fee; he held his lands as early as the lmllecl Fitzotho, Lords of l\Iendlcsham, in Suf­ reign of Henry L and at the death of that king. folk, and of Strurnshaw, in Norfolk. John ck (Liber Niger.) He was a benefactor to the Botetourt married i\Iamle the lieiress of tliis monastery of St. Edmund at Bury, as appears family, in the 30 Edw. I. and was in her right by the Registrum Nigrum su. Edmundi, fol. Lord of Mendlesham. The Bardolfs, it appears, 110, verso, where is the following charter:- acquired Strumshaw by pur_chase of Botetourt.§ ,, Omnibus sancte matris ecclesie filiis Ma­ t Liber Niger, vol. i. p. 298. nasserus de Dammartino salutem. Notum vo­ :l: Ibid. p. 59, * :\fog. Rot, Pip, 31 Hen, I. Nova Placita, p. 94, § l3lomefield in Strumshaw. 291

WILLIAM DE GOURNAY I.

"\YA.s son of \Valter de Gournay (Liber Niger Scaccarii, voL i. p. 298) and held a quarter of a kni~ht's fee in Suffolk under Manasser de Darnp martin, in I I G7, the fourteenth year of King Henry IL In the same reig11 he \Vas Lord of l\fontigny-sur-Andelle,a in the pays de Bray. This he held in rnpite oft he crown, and it formed, with other vills and manors, a portion

CI(APEL AT MO:iTIGNY,

• Les Olim par le Comte de Beugnot., vol. i. p. 85. 2Q 292 WILLIA:\! DE GO URN A Y I. [ PART II. or parcel of the great fief of Brai, which had been severed from that fief, or honour, in favour of this younger branch of the Gournays. This system of dividing a fief on the death of the lord prevailed in Nor­ mandy, and was called parage, from the younger son holding his severed portion on the same terms, pari conditione, with the elder. The fact, there­ fore of "William de Gournay having held this manor of Montigny in capite, forms an undoubted proof of his descent from the Lords of Gournay. (SeP Appendix XLVI. upon the tenure in parage.) ·William de Gournay subenfeoffed the family called de Montigny of this fief of Montigny, which family held in the pays de Brai a half a knight's fee at that place, and at Maci (Massy), Launoi (L'aunaye), and Le Her­ loter (La Harlottiere): these therefore may be considered to have formed part of ·william de Gournay's Norman fief. (Appendix XLVII). Of these places, Maci (Massy) had been part of the honour of"Gerard de Gournay,1' as he confirmed the donation of the church there made by his father Hugh III. to the abbey of Bee. It is therefore certain that this severance of the great fief of Bray in favour of this younger line must have taken place on the death of Gerard, or about 1104, as vValter de Gournay an

a Register of Nonnandy by the Bishop of Senlis. Bib. du Roi, No. 8408, 22 D. (Appendix XXXIII. No. 2, p. 169.) b Histoire de Haute Normandie, vol. i. p. 583.

c These registers were called " Olim," as they were so quoted in later times from having been made "formerly "-olim. A. D. 1167.] FIEF OF MONTIGNY-SUR-ANDELLE. 293

Tiers ct danger," as his ancestors always had done; who had held the fief of the gift of the Lord \Villiam de Gournay, who gave it to then1 as freely as he himself had held it of our lord the king, for which gift he had macle a charter to them, which King Henry (the Second of England) con­ firmed. The pet.ition is as follows : " Eustachius de l\fontigniaco armiger petebat a domino Rege quod sibi permitteret ut posset vendere libere et quitte, absque tercio et clangerio, nemora sua de feodo de Montigniaco, ubicunque sint, prout antecessores sui semper fecerunt et tenuerunt de dono domini Guillelmi de Gornaio, qui sihi dedit ita libere et quitte, sicut ipsemet tenebat a Domino Rege, de quo sibi fecit cartam quam Rex Henricus confi.rmavit. Verum petit super hoc inquestam patrie utrum antecessores sui ita libere et quitte tenuerunt: Non probat idem Eustachius quocl possit vendere nemora sua predicta sine tercio et dangerio, nee Yendat." The vills or manors with which the family of De Montigny had been enfeoffed by this junior branch of the Gournays were for the most part included in the chatellenie of Argueil ; and Mr. Stapleton, the learned editor of the Norman Rolls, is of opinion that the castle of Argueil, and its clependances, formed the portion of the great fief of Brai which ·was given to \Valter cle Gournay upon the death of his father Gerard. The town of Argueil, a;1ciently Orgueil, is built in the valley through which the river Anclelle runs; the castle is supposed to have been on a neighbouring hill, called Mont Sm1Yeur, from this fortalice being a place of refuge and safety for the surrounding country. Fragments of ancient armo~ff and of utensils have been found on this site of the castle of the Gournays. No remains of the castle exist at present: it was taken by Philip Augustus in 1202, and totally destroyed. William de Gournay I. was witness to the deed of Hugh cle Gournay IV. confirming the gift of Payn of Elbceuf to the monastery of St. Sauveur. (Appendix XXII. p. 123.)

a Tercium was a third of the wood cut down, which accrued to the lord of a fief, or the value of it. Dangaium ( domigerium) was the tithe of the wood so cut down, so that in thirty acres the lord received thirteen acres of the wood, or the value of it. This tax was called Tiers et danger. 294 'iHLLIX~l DE GOURNAY I. [ P ..\.RT II.

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This William de Gournay was lord of the manor of Runhall, in Norfolk, in the reign of Henry II.a Blomefield states that the Gourneys were en­ feoffed of the manor of Runhall by the Fitzwalters, who were certainly nearly related to them through Basilia Flaitel, wife of Hugh d0. Gourney III., Rohese, her niece, daughter of Walter Giffard, having married Richard de Tunbridge, ancestor of the Clares and Fitzwalters. "William de Gurney also held lands in Swathings, as appears by a suit between his son Matthew de Gourney and Gilbert de Runhall, wherein Matthew pleads that William his father held these lands and a mill in Swathings and Runhall, in the reign of Henry II. : an office copy of this suit is given (Appendix LIII. No. 2) ; it is omitted in the Abbreviatio Placitorum, printed by the Record Commissioners. 'William de Gourney enfeoffed Gilbert de Runhall of part of his manor of Uphall, in Runhall, before the year 1195.b He occurs as witness to two deeds, sans elate, of conveyance of land at

a Blomefield in Runhall, vol. ii. p. 47 4. 0 Ibid. A. D. l urn.] GAYWOOD CHARTERS. 295 Caywood, by Lynn. These deeds are copied from the o-i:iginals in the pos­ session of the dean and cha1Jter of Norwich, by ~Ir. Norris in his MSS." In the last he is called Dominus "\Villelmus de Gurnei, from whence we infer that he was at that time a knight. The reason why "\Villiam de Gurnei and -:\latthew his son were witnesses to conveyance of lands at Gaywood v;as, probably, their being lords of the manor of South vVootton, in the im­ mediate neighbourhood, which was certainly possessed by their descendant Sir John de Gournay in the reign of Henry III. (Appendix XLVIII.) It seems likely from the plea quoted above (Appendix LIII. No. 2), where this \Villiam de Gournay is expressly said to have held lands in Swathings, that he was enfeoffed of that manor and Hingham Gurneys by the elder or Norman branch of the family. His descendants held these manors as mesne lords under the Norman barons, who \Vere tenants of the crown in capite; and this younger branch was sub-enfeoffed under the elder line an­ terior to the forfeiture of his estates by Hugh de Gourney in 1205.b Copies of deeds exist whereby it appears that the family of the Burgundians, or Le Bourguignons, were enfeoffed by the Gourneys of this manor of Swathings. Swathings, in fact, was a Saxon town many centuries since depopulated ; the lands belonging to it are now included in the townships of Cranworth and Letton. Runhall was a beruite or hamlet to it, and it inclU

a Norris's l\18S. Tunstead Hundred, page 55, b Blomefield in Hingham Gurney's, vol. ii. p. 445. c Ibid. in Cranworth, vol. x. p. 199. 296 WILLIAM DE GOURNAY I. [PART II. were made by the Kings of France and England upon the separation of thP duchy of Normandy from England. These manors might, therefore, be given to this branch of the Gournays in compensation for Norman fiefs which they luHl lost. ·William de Gurney had issue :Matthew tle Gourney, and also Geoffr(T de Gourney, who occurs as witnessing a deed of lands at Caywood ·with Mat­ thew his brother. Of both these we give an account hereafter. The plea (Appendix LIIL No. 2) implies this William de Gournay did not live after the time of Henry II.a

a It seems likely that it was this s:i,me vVilliam de Gurnay who held the manor of Edintune, now Ad,lington, in Kent. In the Tcxtus Roffcnsis (Cotton. MSS.) is a charter of (;iJbert Bishop of Hochcster, confirming to the see of Rochester " quinque solidos pro dccima de Edin­ tune ex dono \\'illelmi de Gurnaco." Addington is in the hundred of Larkfield, lathe of Aylesford, in Kent. Gilbert de Glanville was Bishop of lloche,;ter from 1185 to 1214. This same William rle Gournay hdd of the honour of Nfayenne, in Kent, in 1165. See Carta vValteri de Meduana Liber Nigrr, vol. i. p. 58. Henrico Dci gratia rcgi Anglorurn, karissirno domino suo, \Valterus de J\Ieduana salutem et fidele servitiurn. Notum sit vobis quo\l anno et die in quo Rex I-Icnricus avus vester vivus et mortuus fuit, tenuit Galfridus Talcbot in capite de illo xx rnilites, quos gra­ tia vest.ra modo de vobis teneo scilicet; J\fanasserus de Damrnartin, iii militcs, &c. De novo feoffarncnto in temporc Regis Stephani, vVillelmus de Gornaco tenet de dominio mco

Contemporary with this "\Villiam de Gournay I. was Robert de Launaye, or d(' Ahwto, who, after being a monk at 'Whitby, led an hcrrnitical life at Hoel(' in Yorkshire (see page 82). He is said iri the "Monasticona to have been uncle or neph~w of Gun(lred de Gournay, wife of Niel d'Albini, and to haw assisted her in founding Byland abbey. vVe have before stated that Launay was one of the vills or manors in the pays de Bray, belong­ in0·;-, to the Gournavs., of Swathings,'--' and it seems for :,;ome reason this RobETt assumed the appellation of De Launay from this place ; from this we suppose he must have been of this branch of the family of Gournay. Robert de Launay, or de Alneto, oecurs as a benefactor to the abbey of Deanbrc, in the foundation charter of that abbey by Hugh de Gournay IV. aftl'r the yrar 1147. (Appendix XVIII. No. 1.)

,ame line as those in Norfolk I do not discover. There were Gournays at a later 'period in Kent. Tlw will of John Gurney, of ~ orthfleet, Kent, was proved in 147 5. a Old :',Ionasticon, p. 1028. 298 WILLIA1I DE GOURNAY I. [ PART II.

APPENDIX XLVI.

ON THE TENURE IN PARAGE, OR IN PARAGIO.

This tenure by tl1e younger son of the lord sont pe1'S par la reson del lignage, qui descent of a Norman fief; arose from the division or de lelll's antecesseurs, et en cette maniere tien­ severance of the fiefs in Normandy upon the ncnt les puisnez des ainznez de si atant que il death of the lord. The eldest son had the viengnent au sesime degre de lcritage. l\Ies largest portion of the honour, and the choice of dilec en avant, Ji puisnez si sont tenus a faire that portion ; the younger sons held their por­ fealte a l'ainzne, et quant vendra au septisme tions of the superior lord, as their elder brother deg-re, ils tcndront encore de l'ainzne par ho­ did his, and were not subjects or vassals of the mage, mes dillec an avant tout e'en qni par le elder brother; hence the word paragium, from devant cstoit tenu en Parage, il sera tenu apres the younger son holding his lands pari co11di­ par hommage. Li ainznez poet fere justice sur tione with the elder, by equal condition as to les puisnez pour Jes rentes et pour les services tenure. The elder son, however, did homage que appartiennent as seignors ck] fieu, &c."­ to the superior lord for the whole fief; and this And again-" Les puisnez seront terms a fare went on for seven generations, when all affinity falte a leur ainznez ou a leurs succcsseurs was supposed to cease ; and after that, the qmrnt le lingnage sera ale et descendu siqnes descendants of the younger son owed homage au sisime genoil. El septisme dcgr6 les puisnez and military service, and became the feudal scront tcnus a fere il leur ainzncz homage, quer vassals of the descendants of the elder brother, le septisme degre est etabli tout au dehors des and the paragiitrn ceased. ligncs de sanguinit6." Ducange describes Paragium - "Quicquid This tenure in parage was never introducer! feudale a fratre primogenito secundogenitis in into England by the Normans. The Saxon partem h::ereditatis datur, qui id ab ipso primo­ gavelkind differed from it, inasmuch as there gcnito fratre tcnent, pari ae ille reliquum feu­ was no military service in it, and the inheri­ dum conditione; absque tamen homagio ( quod tance was equally diYidecl amongst all the sons. is pro toto feodo dominieo prncstat) usque ad Of the English tenures, that of lands held in septimam generationem, quil finitft, omnis san­ •frank-marriage most nearly resembled the te­ guinis affinitas extincta eensetur ; tum enim nure in parage ; in this case a portion of a fief qui excipiunt, homagium pnestant primogenitis." was given on the marriage of a son or daughter, The Grand Coutumier of Normandy explains and was held of the superior lord free of ho­ the tenure in parage as follows :- mage and feudal service to the eldest son of the " Tenure par Parage adecertes si est fet donor and his descendants unto the third heir, quant le tenant et celui de] quel le fieu est tenus or fourth generation, when the feudal services AJ)P. XLVII.] FAMILY OF MONTIGNY. 299 anrl homage became again due from the de­ The tenure by parage existed in other pro­ scendants of the frank-marriage to the de­ vinces of France besides "Normandy; it was ,cemlants of the eldest son. abolished in Britanny in 1187.

APPENDIX XLVII.

ON TIIE F Al\!ILY OF MONTIGNI.

This family, which took its name from the Massy is higher up, adjoining Fontaine en vill of l\Iontigni, were amongst the early feudal Bray. Close to La Halottiere is the hamlet of tenants of the Gournays. llicardus de Mon­ Normanville, on the left bank of the Andelle, teni is witness to the charter of Hugh de in the parish of Mesnil Lieubrai, and beyond, Gournay IV. on the foundation of the priory the vill of Heronchclle-chef-cle-l'e:rn and Sal­ of 13eaubec. Aucelinus de i\Ionteni was wit­ monville. In them, in 1220, .Nicolas de Montigni ne,s to another charter of the same Hugh in and Hugh de Normanville l1ad a knight's fee, 1172 : he and \\'illiam de l\Tonteni were pro­ "ad Normanville, nd Ileronchel, ad Capud aque bably sons of Richard. The immediate pre­ et ad Salamonisvillam." decessor of Eustace de Montigni, whose peti­ In the Livre d'hoire, in the public library at tion we give in the text, was Ingerran de Mon­ Rouen, we read that Isabella, wife of Nicholas tcni, as appears by the Register of Philip de i\Tonteigni, knight, at Normanville, in her Augustus, compiled in 1220 by Guerin, the chapel, in the year 1217, swore to oliserve the Bishop of Scnlis, which contains every knight's agreement made between her husband and the fee in the pays de Bray- chapter of Rouen, relating to the churches of " Ingcrannus de l\Ionteniaco (tenet) dimi­ Brachi and ::\fagneville-Le-Goupi. \\'illiam de dimn frDllum (militis) ad l\Ionteniacum, ad l\Iontigni was son of this Nicholas. The whole ;\foci, et Lam10y, pt ad La IIcrloter."J< of this inheritance of the family of Montigny La Halotticre and Launey are just opposite passed afterwarc1s to that of Marlet of 13aque­ l\Iontigny on the right bank of the Andclle. ville.

APPENDIX XLVIII.

DEEDS OF CONVEYANCE OF LAND AT GAYWOOD BY LYNN.

No.I. queni Graffard de Geywood concessi, &c. Ade de Gernmue et heredibns 1mis unam acram P1·om 1Vorris 111SS. Exce1·pta e chcirtis terre mce et dimidium in villa de Geywood, antiq1iis. apud \Vragescraft in campis de Geywood, versus Sciant, &c. quod ego Ailvricus filius Cols- \Vootton, et pro homagio ct servitio suo et * Appendix XXXIII. No. 2, p. 173. pro xx solidis argenti, &c. tenenda de me, &c. 2 R 300 WILLIAM DE GO URN A Y I. [PART II.

Reddendo inde annuatim mihi, &c. tres denarios tachio de Wootton. Willelrno filio Thorne de de ccnsu, &c. Geywood, Philippo filio suo. Radulfo clerico et Testibus Galfrido Capellano de Wootton. multis aliis. Philippo Capellano. Willelrno de Gurnei. Hu- The seal l¾ inches in diameter, a lion pas- gone de Wootton. Philippo filio Macelin. Si- sant. Circumscription : rnone Trevatore. Thoma filio Ricardi. Ens- SIGILL 0LFRIGI FIL €1OLSV€1NI GR'.A'FliRD.

No. 2. denarios, &c. Testibus Domino Willelmo de· Sciant &c. quod ego Adam de Gernemue Gurnei. Hugone filio Roberti. Philippo filio dedi &c. J ohanni filio Galfricli de South Macelin. Galfredo de Haclose. Galfrido filio \Vootton et heredibus suis, &c. pro homagio et Bric' de Mintling. Reginaldo ct Malg'o. Ada servitio suo, &c. et pro tribus solidis argenti, &c. Philippa et Stephano filiis I3rusnei. Johanne unarn Hogam terre que jacet inter hogas que Pigot. Philippo filio Petri. Stephano filio fuerunt Ang'i Capellani et vocantur parve Philippi Clerici et aliis. hoge et inter croftam que fuit Simonis le Trovur, tenenda &c. de me et heredibus meis, Inter munimenta Dec. et Cap. Norvici. &c. Reddendo inde annuatim, &c. quinque Capsula xim•. 301

MATTHEvV DE GOURNAY,

So~ of William de Gournay I. (Appendix LIII. No. 2), lived in the reign of Henry II. Richard I. and John; he and his brother Geoffrey occur as witnesses to a deed without date, but Mr. Norris thinks about the year 1160, concerning a house at Gaywood held of the Prior and Convent of Norwich.a (Appendix XLIX.) Some time before the 30th of Henry II. 1184, Rose, daughter and heir of Reginald de Burnham, or Fitz Philip of Harpley in Norfolk, was given in marriage to this Matthew de Gournay, by Hameline b 1?arl vVarren, capital lord of that manor; a copy of the deed is preserved in the Harl. l\ISS.C and is as follows : " Hamelinus Comes Warren omnibus Baronibus suis Anglis, ceterisque hominibus suis salutem. Sciant presentes et futuri quod Ego dedi Mat­ tlueo de Gourney filiam Reginaldi filii Philippi in uxorem et totam here­ ditatem suam sibi et here

• ~orris MSS. b Hameline was natural son of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Earl of Anjou, and therefore half-brother to Henry II. who gave him in marriage Isabel, daughter and heiress of \Yilliam third Earl of "'arrcn and Surrey.-\Vatson's House of \Varreu, vol. i. p. 154. c Harl. MSS. Brit. Mus. 970, 1. 2. p. 48. d Spelman :;,\ISS. Gurney pedigree. (Appendix LV.) 302 1IATTHEW DE GOURNA Y. [PART II. came into the family of the Gurneys; and the De Burnhams being consi­ dered a younger branch of the house of vV arren, the Gurneys of vV est Barsham always quartered Warren, chequy or and azure, with a difference. (Appendix L.) Disputes arising about the tenure of this lord­ ship between Philip de Burnham, son of "William, who granted it to Reginald, and Matthew de Gournay and Rose his wife, a fine was then levied in the King's court at ·westminster, before John Bishop of Norwich, Adam de Glanville, the King's justices, Richard the King's treasurer, Wil­ liam Maud and vVilliam Basset, on vVednesday next before the feast of St. Luke the Evangelist, the 30th Hen. II. when it was ceded to Matthew, &c. and his heirs, to be held by half a fee, he paying to Philip ten marks." (Appendix LI.) :Matthew de Gournay gave to the church of Hardingham the tithes which were confirmed by his grandson John de Gourn·ay.b Also, in con­ junction with Rose his wife, about the 30th of Henry II. he gave twelve acres and a rood of land in Harpley to the prior of Castle-Acre ; for which he (Matthew) had one mark of silver, and Rose a bezant of golcl.c (Ap­ pendix LIL) In the same year Matthew de Gourney gained by combat of the Prior of Lewes the advowson of the church at Harpley. John Le Coward was his champion.a

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a Blomefield in Harpley, vol. viii. p. 452, and the Gurney pedigree in the Spelman MSS. b Harl. MSS. 970. Brit. Mus. Vitis Calthorpiana. c Dlomefi.cld in Harpley. d Ibid. ", ~ )J::1

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PISCINA. A~D SED!LfA IN H.-\.RDI:SUHA;\1 CHUH.CH.

A.D. 1192.] AARON THE JEW OF LINCOLN. 303 ,v e fmrl. a l\Iatthew de Gournay, probably this same Matthew, witnessing the deeds of Hawise de Gournay, lady of Barewe Gournay in Somerset­ shire, namely, that confirming the gift of lands in Upton to the abbey of Bermonclsey, also that of Patrick Earl of Salisbury for the same purpose, before the year i 167 .a He also witnessed the deed by which Hawisa de Gourney gave lands to Thomas son of \Villiam, preserved in Maclox's Formulare Anglicanum, No. 100, page 54. (See the account of Hawisa de Gournay in the fourth part of this Record.) The following entries in the Pipe Rolls relate undoubtedly to this same )Iatthew de Gurnai of whom we are treating:- " 3d Richard I. (1192) Norfolk and Suffolk. " De debitis Aaron Judei Lincolniensis Mattheus de Gurnay reddit com­ putum

n Bermondsey Chartu1ary. l\'.ISS. Cotton. Claud. A. vm. fol. 110.

b Lord Lyttc1ton's Life of Henry II. vol. iii. p, 445. 304 "MATTHEW DE GOURNAY. [ PART II. in England at :Michaelmas term, the 5th John, and that he had some difference and a suit ·with John (Gray) bishop of Norwich. " Placita de termino Michaelis anno regis Johannis quinto, Norff. Jo­ hannes dei gratia episcopus N orwicensis dilectis amicis suis J usticiariis de Banco, &c: Rogavit nos Archidiaconus '\Vigorn. quod ponamus in respectu loquelam quam habemus versus Mattheum de Gournay, &c. quousq. venerit in Anglia, &c. Nos autem rogamus vos, &c. rotulo 30." a It is to be observed that the year in which Matthew de Gournay was not in Englancl (l 204) was that in which Philip Augustus completed his con­ quest of Normandy, and he was probably serving in the war there. It also appears, from the same MSS. fol. 77, that Matthew de Gourney ·was a knight. " Placita de termino Paschre et de termino Trinitatis anno regni regis Johannis primo Norff. Willelmus de Ebor. &c. Adam filius Alani, Mat­ theus cle Gurnay, Amalricus de Babingel, Augustinus de Congham iiii milites. Rot. 24." In Michaelmas term, 8 John (1206), Matthew de Gournay demanded, against Gilbert de Runhall, lands, &c. in Runhall an

Runhall, tenant, for one carucate c of land, with the appurtenances, and

a Harl. MSS. No. 301, fol. 94. b Norris MSS. Tunstead Hundred, P· 60.

c A carucate of land in Norfolk, as elsewhere, was, according to Mr. Norris, not always the A.D. 1206.] THE GRAND ASSISE. 305 one mill, ,vith the appurtenances, &c. in Runhall. (Appendix LIII. Nos. 3 and 4.) The process of law here described was called the grand assize, and was introduced by H_enry II. with consent of parliament; by this the tenant or defendant in a suit had the choice of resorting to this mode of trial, in­ stead of trial by wager of battel or duel. For this purpose a writ de magna assisa eligencla is directed to the sheriff to return four knights (elisors), who are to elect twelve others, who together form the great jury of sixteen~ or the grand assise, to try the suiU Geoffrey, brother of Matthew de Gourney, witnessing the Gaywood deed after him, is obviously the younger brother. But nothing more has yet been discovered respecting him, unless he was the same person who held a knight's fee in vVykhampton of the Earl Marshall, according to the extract below from the Additional MSS. Brit. Mus. No. 8,843, fol. 56 :-

"WALSHAM HUNDRED, RANWORTH.

'' 20 Henry III.-The prbr of Beston had here in vVykhampton, for­ merly Jeffry Gourney's in Wykhampton, held of the Earl Marshall by a knight's fee." It is worthy of notice that Wykhampton is the parish adjoining to Cantley, which was of the domain of Hugh de Gournay. By Rose de Burnham his wife, Matthew de Gournay had William de Gournay, whom we call the second, his son and heir. The last notice of Matthew de Gournay is in the plea roll above-men­ tioned of the 8th John (1206); he probably did not long survive that year.

same in quantity, but sufficient to employ one plough: it is a term of frequent occurrence in Domesday Book and other ancient documents. • Blackstone's Comment. book iii. chap. 23. MATTHEW DE GOURc\AY. [PART II.

COTE~'1PORARIES OF MATTHEvV DE GOURNAY.

\VrLLIMd DE GouR~AI/ between whom and Martin Westlai a fine was levied in the 10th Richard I. (1199), of lands in Burnham (App. LIV. No 1.) "\"Ve are inclined to think this vYilliam de Gurnai was neither the father of :i\latthew, as being too late in date, nor his son, as being too early in date. He might have been a brother.

LEWIS DE GouRNEY was another cotemporary of Matthew de Gournay. ·we do not find what the relationship between them was; but this Lewis, we conceive, was certainly of this same younger. branch of the Norman Gour­ nays, as he possessed lands in Cranworth and Letton, over which towns the manor of Swathings, held by this branch of the family, extended: this appears by a fine, of which an office copy is given. (Appendix LIV. No. 2.) \Ve find Lewis de Gourney witnessing the deed of Hugh de Gourney V. confirming the manor of Swathings, in Hardingham, to Hugh son of Robert the Burgundian, elated at Neufchatel de Dreincourt. (Appendix XXI. No. 2, page 122.) Also the gift of the same Hugh of the church of Greenhood (Cranworth) to the monks of St. Hildevert at Gournay. (Ap­ pern1ix XXXI. page 162.) In a Norman Pipe Roll, lately printed from the records in the Tower, called Rotulus N ormannorum, Lewis de Gourney occurs as receiving a discharge for Hugh de Gourney for money due from the latter to the Nor­ man Exchequer. " In perdonam (release) Ludovico de Gurnaio pro Hu­ ~one de Gurnaio XL libras per idem breve (brief or deed), et dat in suum superplus superioris computi centum libras, quinque solidos, duo denarios

a See :Mr. Stapleton's Norman Exchequer Roll, vol. ii. p. cxxxiv, where £7 was owing by ,Yillimn de Gournai in the year 1198, which he was bound to pay to the servientes who went in the King's service, but hadnot. (In the bailiwick of the pays de Caux) A. D. ] 206.] COTEMPORARIES. 30i

(£100. 5s. 2d.), et quietus est (acquitted), et habet superplus L solidos

II. denarios." a This Norman deed is .the account of moneys received at Caen by vVil­ liain Fitz-Ralf, seneschal of Normandy, in the year 1184. The fact of Lewis de Gournay discharging this account for Hugh de Gournay proves his near relationship to him. He also occurs in the Great Roll of the Norman Exchequer, lately published by Mr. Stapleton. " De Ludovico de Gournaio c. solidi pro falso clamo," page 58, in Dreincourt. Lewis de Gournai married Mabilia, as I learn by a fine levied in the 14th of John between Mabilia, widow of Lewis, and Thomas his son, of lands, a mill, and frrn marks of rent in Cranworth and Letton, part of Mabel's dower. (Appendix, LIV. No. 2.) This Thomas de Gourriay, son of Lewis, occurs as ,vitness to the deed of Hugh de Gournay, conferring on Hugh the Burgundian ·the manor of Swathings. (Appendix, XXI. No. 2.) vVe find no further account of him. Le,vis de Gourney probably died about the 14th John, 1213, as the :fine aboYe mentioned was likely to be levied immediately after his death. ,v e hear nothing further of Lewis de Gournay and his son, and, from the descendants of Matthew de Gournai holding the manor of Swathings, in ,vhich Lewis had an interest, they must have inherited it as his nearest heirs; it seems likely that Matthew and Lewis de Gurnay were brothers.

HuGH DE GouRNEY of Letton was another cotemporary of Matthew de Gournay ; he gave lands to the priory of Lewes in Letton and Ci:anworth, by deed sans date (Appendix LIV. No. 3), witnessed by Roger de Rising and vVilliam de Caily, who lived in the reign of Henry III. Doubtless he was named after his relation the Anglo-Norman lord, and was certainly one of this younger branch of the Gournays.

a This seems referred to by ~Iadox in his History of the Exchequer, vol. i. p. 169.

2 s 308 MATTHEW DE GOURNA Y. [PART II.

APPENDIX XLIX.

COPY OF A DEED RESPECTING A HOUSE AT GAYWOOD, FRO~! THE NOll!llS MSS, ll!ISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, p. 16.

Omnibus Christi fidelibus, &c. Hugo Tegu­ Henrico de Havelose. Thoma Carpentario. lator Burgus Lcnnensis et Emma uxor ejusdem. Matth83o de Gurney. Galfrido fratre suo. Salutcm. Novcrit universitas, &c. Nos con­ Galfrido filio Philippi. Galfrido filio Wil- cessisse, &c. Johanni Tyteleshal Capellano et lelmi. Nichola fratre suo de \Vootton. Wil­ Alicie sorori sue, &c. totum illum messuagium lelmo filio Philippi. Briconc fratre suo. Thoma cum edificiis et pertinentiis guod jacet in Villa filio Hodierne. Roberto filio I-lugonis. Thoma de Geywude (inter terram Reginaldi de Har­ fratre suo. Johanne Clerico et multis aliis. pele \V. Johannis de Bauseie- E. a via regale 1st Seal. Oval, 'Yith a pelican on her nest, versus S. ad terram Johannis Curteys N.) one inch by five-eighths. Legend: habendum de Priori de Lenna, &c. Domino S hVGONIS hA'CVN. Fcodi. Dicti Johannes ct Alicia in tota vita 2nd Seal. Oval. Legend: eorum reddcndo, &c. predicto Priori duos denarios, &c. ita quad post decessum, &c. dictum messuagium, &c. dicto Priori, &c. rever­ SIGILL 0MM€111' l tatur, &c. Pro hac autem donatione predicti Johannes et Alicia nobis dederunt quadraginta Inter l\fonimenta Dec. et Cap. Norw. Cap­ duos solidos, &c. Testibus,- sula xima.

APPENDIX L.

ON THE FAMILY OF DE BURNHAM OR FITZ·Pl!ILIP.

\Valter, who held the manor of Burnham at this family, in the reign of Henry II. carried the Survey under \Villiam Earl \Varren and the inheritance of the De Burnhams to the Surrey, seems to be the ancestor of the family Calthorpes and Gurneys. of De Burnham, or Fitz-Philip. This family of de Burnham is considered to be Philip de Burnham, or de \Varren, was lord a younger branch of the noble house of vVarren. in the reign of King Stephen, and had among \Valter, who held the manor at the Survey, was others two sons, \Villiam ancestor of Cecilia, said to be kinsman of the first Earl Warren and wife of Sir William de Calthorpe, and Reginald Surrey; but the more probable supposition is that father of Hose, wife of Matthew de Gourney, an heiress carried his inheritance to Reginald which ladies by the death of the last male of second son of the first Earl Warren and Surrey. APP. L.] FAMILY OF DE BURNHAM, 309

The Calthorpcs On the embattled Jrnyc always borne frieze on the south for arms those of side of Harpley \Varren, Chequy or Church are many and azure, with a fess coats of arms ; ermmc for differ­ amongst others those ence, unquestionably ofGournay;also \Yar­ in consequence of this ren; also, Chequy, marriage of Sir \Yil­ a fess, apparently liam de Calthorpe with Cecilia de Burnham. ermine, which I take to be Calthorpe. And, The Gurneys of Chequy, on a crescent \Vest I3arsham quar­ fesswise three cinq­ tered \\'arren, with a foils, which I sup- mullet on a crescent pose is intende<1 for for difference, as is de Burnham, or \Yar­ shewn by the arms of rcn, with a difference. the Gurneys, with theirmatches, in glass, now remaining at Wahingham abbey. They also quartered \Yarren in a bordure. CHARTERS OF DE BURNHAM. In one of the win- dows of Gurney's No. 1. Place, m Norwich, Charter C!f lVil!iam Fitz-Philip M' cle B1wn­ was formerly the fol­ ham, grnnting the moiety qf the 1-Iarpley lowing coat of arms: manor to his brother Reginald. Qnartcrly, 1st, ehe­ quy, within a bor­ Willelmus filius Philippi omnibus amicis et durc ; 2d, a bend ; hominibus suis salutem. Notum sit omnibus 3rd, a cross engrailed ; 4th, bcndlcts.;, The tam prcscntilms quam futuris me dedisse et first coat seems to refer to this younger concessisse Reginaldo fratri meo dimidium tcrre branch of \Varren, mee de Harpley : viz. partem illam quam mater the third is Gurney ; mca tenuit postquam manerium inter nos divi­ of the remaining two sum erat. Tenendum de me hereditarie et we cannot explain the heredibus meis pro servitio dimidii feodi militis, \ ( i,, meaning. J\lr. Nor­ cum omnibus pertinentibus suis. Quare volo \.u.6 t'-'- '· "''"'t"') rr ris thinks these quar­ et precipio ut earn terram bene et in pace, libere, ~ ( tc,rings have ·been et honorifice teneat et possideat sicut cam un- transposed by the

glazicrs.t century ago ; he bequeathed his 111S. Collections to the Korwic:h Corporation, but most of thern are unfortu­ * X orris 11[SS. nately lost. There are copies of some in the K orris t These arms were seen by l\lr. Kirkpatrick, an cmi• nent anti(piary rt:siJent at ~ orwieh, rather rnorc than a nlSS. 310 MATTHEW DE GOU RNA Y. [PART II. quam liberius et honorificentius pater meus et sui perpetuo. Testes, Rcginaldus de "'arren. mater mea tenuerunt. Tcstibus, \Villelmo Epis­ Anccllinus de Pavill. Hugo de Bardolf, &c. t copo Norwicensi. Reginaldo de ·warren. Ri­ The two charters given above were made canlo de Wormagay. Radulfo de Frevil. between the years 1141 and 11'18. The wit­ Baldwin de Frevil. Radulfo de Playz. Simone ness \Viliiam (Turbe) bishop of Norwich com­ de Caly. Willelmo filio Ailberti. Roberto ing to that see in the first year, and \Villiam filio Osmin, &c.* third Earl \Varren, who confirmed the gift, The seal was an inch and a half over, con­ was killed in the Holy Land in 1148. taining a man on horseback with a sword drawn. Philip de Burnham, with the consent of Emma his wife, and \Villiam his son and heir, gave to the monks of Castle-acre his mill in No. 2. Fyncham, and the site thereof, viz. v perches Confirmation of the fo?"egoing by TVilliam of land which he exchanged with \Villiam son third Earl of TVarren and Surreg. of Osbert, of the same town, &c. \Vitnesses, Roger de Frivill, Radulf de Bannham, Fre­ \Villelmus Comes \Varren omnibus homi­ derick de Hakeford, · Roger Spriggins, William nibus suis Francis et Anglicis salutem. Sciatis his brother, Hugh Capellanus de Acre, Rein de me concessisse, et hac presenti charta mea con­ Duntun, Godfrey de Swaffham, John de \Vat­ firmasse donationem illam quam fecit \Villelmus lingeton, and many others. filius Philippi Reginaldo fratri suo de terra sua Emma de Burnham, in the time of her de Harpley sicut charta predicti Willelmi tes­ widowhood, by deed next following confirmed tatur. Quare volo et precipio ut pacem meam the above grant, &c. \\'itnesses, Frederick de et omnium meorum de terra illa habeat et libere Hakeford, Roger Spriggin, and othcrs.t et quiete et honorifice earn teneat ipse et heredes t Ibid, * Harl. l\1SS. 970, Vitis Calthorpiana. :): Additional l\ISS. Drit. Mus. No. 8,830.

PEDIGREE OF DE BURNHAM,

From Blomefield in 1-larpley and the Burnhams, and from original documents.

\V ALTER, who held the manors of nurnham Thorpe and Harpley at the Snney under Earl \Varren, to whom many suppose him to have been rclate

PmLIP DE Bun:m,rn, or PmLIP DE 1VARREN, Lorr, RosE DE BunNHAM, dau. and heir given=MATTHEW DE GouRNAY, in her right ·1 Lord of Burnh<1m 36 by Haincline Plantagenet Earl of Warren lord of the manor of llarpley.Gur- Henry II. in marriage. neys.

W1Lu.u1, son and RALPH, succeacled his F1u:;c1s, succeeded Ralph, PHILIP, becarneTRJ1MA, da.u, and heir heir, ob. s. p. Pla­ brother 1Villiam, ob. ob. also s. p. Placit. 4 heir, Pbcit. 41 of Sir llalph L'Es­ cit. -1 E

Sir WrLLLDI DE CaLTIIORPE, Knt.=CECILIA DE llURNII.01, sister an

It seems likely that Philip de Burnham, or elate under which the first Reginald de \Varren (\e \\'arr011, who held the manors of Burnham is mentioned by Orderic Vital.+ and liarpley in the reign of Stephen, was a This second Reginald first occurs in the youngn son, or grnn:lson by a younger son, of 12th of Stephen, 1147. He was afterwards the first Earl 'Warren; and his wife having part governor of Norwich castle in the reign of of the fforpley manor, as appears by the deed Henry II.! He gave the church of Plumpton of \Yilliam Fitz-Philip, leads me to think she to the canons of Southwark, and the charter was heiress of \Valter, who held these manors by which he did this § has given occasion to at the survey. Dr. \Vatson to suppose that he was son of the l'.pon examining the line of descent of the first Earl \Varren, from his mentioning Isa­ De Ilurnhams from the house of \Varren, we bella Comitissa distinct from his mother; conclude that they certainly sprung from Regi­ whereas it is obvious that the Isabella Comi­ nald, second son of \Villiam first Earl \Varren, tissa whom he'- mentions was daughter and and that lteg·inalcl, second son of \\'illiam second heir of William third Earl Warren, and who Earl \Yarren, was the person who married the married successively \Villiam, son of King Ste­ heiress of the Lords of \Virmegay. phen; and Hameline half-brother of Henry II. Our reasons for this conclusion are that an From these circumstances we do not doubt ancient pedigree of the Lestranges"' states that that Dugdale was correct in saying that it was the De Burnhams descended from the first Earl Reginald, son of the second Earl \Varren, who \Varrcn, of course by a younger son; now by married the heiress of \Virmegay ; and it seems the charters of the first Earl \Yarren it appears highly probable that the De Ilurnhams descend he had but two sons, \Villiam, second Earl, and from Reginald, son of the first Earl \Varren; Reginald. (See the foundation deed of Lewes and this agrees with priory by \\'illiam first E:ul VVarren, in the the arms of De Burn­ ) I\lonasticon, vol. v. p. 1.) ham, quartered by the This Heginald adhered to Robert Curthose Gumeys in the glass in 1090, arnl was taken prisoner at Dive in at \\T alsing·ham: 1\'ar­ l lOG. Cam(len, and after him Dr. \Vatson, in ren differenced by a his House of \Varren ( vol. i. p. 67), confound crescent surmounted this Reginald, son of the first Earl, with Regi­ by a mullet; Hegi­ nald son of the second Earl; and they state that nald de Burnham, the former of these was the person who married whose daughter married Matthew de Gurney, the heiress of \Virmegay, which is impossible, having been third son of Philip de Burnham of from the circumstance that the Reginald de this second house of \Yarren. \iTarren who married the heiress of \Virmegay died in the 31 Hen. JI., 95 years after the t Ord. Vital. p. 6\JO aml 819. t \\'atson's House of ·warren, vol. i. p. 111. * In the possession of )lr. Styleman L'Estrange. § H,id, vol, i. p, 67. 312 1IATTHEW DE GOCTRKAY. [ PART II.

HEGI'.'i'ALD, 2d son of the 1st Earl \Varrcn.=y= ...... ______J r Pm LIP DB \VAJl!\E'.'i', or DE Bunxn,ur, temp. Stephen, Lor

Dr. Watson's idea of the vVarrens of Poyn- Arundel. They came from one of the latter ton being descended from the second Reginald Earls and his concubine l\Jaud of Nerford, is entirely disproved in Dallaway's Hape of whose arms they bore in a canton.

APPENDIX LI.

FI:-IE BETWEEN ~IATTIIEW DE GOURNEY AND ROSE IIIS WIFE, AND PIIILIP DE BURNHAM, :JO !IEN. 2.

Vitis Calthorpirma. lla?·l. 11188. 970,p. 47. in curia Domini Regis, et uncle Mattheus et I-Ia:>c est concordia finalis facta in curia Do­ Rosa uxor sua qui tcrrarn illam tenent posue­ mini Regis apud \\'estrnonastcrinrn die Mer­ nmt se in assisa Domini Regis et petierunt curii proxima ante fcsturn sancti Luca,, Anno rccoguitnm utrnm ipsi habcnt minus jus tenen­ 30 Hen. 2, Coram Johanne Episcopo Norwi­ clmn tcrram illarn de prcfato Philippa vcl Phi- ccnsi ct Ada Glanvil Justiciariis Domini Regis 1ippus habct in dominico suo. et corarn Ricardo Thesaurario Domini Regis, Et prcfatus Philippus concessit ipsis Mat­ et Will. :i\Iauduit et vVill. Basset et aliis baroni­ tl1eo et Rose uxori sue ct herctlihus suis pre­ hus Domini Regis qui ibi tune ader:mt, inter fatis foodnm dirnidii militis quod ad terram l\Iattheum de Gourncy et Rosam uxorem snarn illam pertinct; ct pro hac concessione ipsi :\Iat­ et Philippnm de Burnham de feodo dimidii thcus et Rosa uxor dedcrunt ipso Philippo militis in Harpley, unde placitum fuit inter eos 10 rnarcas.

APPENDIX LII.

DEED OF MATTHEW DE GOURNAY AND ROSE HIS WIFE, GIVING LAND AT IIARPLEY TO TIIE PRIORY OF CASTLEACRE,

Cartulm;y of Castle-acre. 111us. Brit. Ilarl. mee concedo et hac carta mea confirrno Deo 11188. 2110, fol.-35. et sancte Marie de Acre, et rnonachis ibidem Harpcle :-Sciant presentes et futuri quod Dea servicntibus, xii acras terre ct i rodam in ('go Mattheus de Gurnai assensu Rose uxoris campis de 1-Iarplei:1 quas Reginalclus filius APP. LIII.] S"CIT WITH GILBERT DE RUNHALL. 313

Philippi (\edit eis in liberam ct pcrpctuam elc­ de Acre. Lamberto clerico. Eustachio de Ta­ mosynam. Et hoc facio pro salute animc mee tersctc. \Villelmo dapifero. Roberto Portareo. et Rose uxoris rnee, et patris mei, ct rnatris, et · \Valtero filio 1-Iamouis. Gimfrido de Swaffham. hcrcdurn meorum. Et in die quo hoc eis con­ From the witnesses, William de Swathing firmavi, dedcnrnt mihi t;nam marcam argenti et and Gilbert de llunhall, this deed seems to Rose uxori mce unum bisantium. His testibus, have been executed at Matthew de Gournay's \\'illelmo filio Leulfi. Ric'ardo filio Rogeri. Si­ manor of Swathings ; \Villiam his stewarc1, mone cliacono. Gilberto de H.unhal. Willelmo de and Robert his porter, being also present. Swcthinga. \Villelmo Kerl. Radulfo capellano

APPENDIX LIII.

DOCU~IENTS IlELATIXG TO ~IATTHEW DE GOURNAY.

};°o. 1. rum servitium vi denariorurn per annum pro omni servitio Retlclemlum ad festum Sancti Fine uetween Emma de Hel'pela!f and lliat­ Michaelis et acl scutagium xx solidorum 11 clP­ t!iew de Gon1·na.11 of Lands in Ilal'plP!J, narios et ad plus plus et ad minus minus. Hcec finalis concordia facta in curia domini Reg·is apml };°orwicum clie Santi Benedicti anno No. 2. Itegni Regis Johannis iiii. coram Gilberto de lnsula, Reginaldo de Cornhill, \Va\tero Suit between ,llatthew de Gourna:y and Gil­ t\(' Crcpping, lleginahlo de Argentan, Justi­ bert de Runlrnll. (A. D. 1206.) dariis dornini Hegis et aliis Baronihus tune ihi Inter recorda in Thesaurio Curiai Recept;:e presentibus, Inter Emmam de I-Ierpclay petcn­ Scaccarii asservata, viz. in Rotolo indorsato, tem et :\fatth8:nm de Gurney tenentcm de xx " Placita apud \Vestmonasterium l\fichaelis acris terre cum pertinentiis in Ilerpelay. Uncle anno 8 Regis Johannis," continetur ut sequitur: recognitio de morte ancessoris snmmonita fuit Plncitum apud \Vestmonasterium · in octavo inter cos in prefata curia. Scilicct quad pre­ Sancti Michaelis anno regni Regis J ohannis dicta Emma rcmisit ct quietum clamavit pre­ octavo. dicta Matth8:o ct hereclibus suis totum jus et Matthceus de Gnrnay petit versus Gilber­ clamum quod habuit in predicta terra de se et tum de Runhall, 1 carucatam terrai cum perti­ heredibus suis in perpetuum. Et pro hac quieta nentiis in Runhall et Swathing et ] molendinum clamantia et fine ct concordia prcdictus i\Iat­ cum pertinentiis in Swathing, sicut jus suum th,cus conce,sit predictc Emme et herc(libus unde \Villelmus pater suns saisitus fuit tempore suis ii acras tcrrc et dimidium in eadem villa, Henrici llegis patris, capiens inde esplecia* ad Scilicet i acram ad Pigg·escroft ct i acram et valorem dimidii marce; et Gilbertus venit et de- dirnidium ad Kimiluesmcre hevedland, tenenclas de se ct hcredibus suis in perpetuum per libe- " Esplecia, rents. 314 :-fATTHEW DE GOURXAY. [ PART II. fenclit jus suum et ponit se in magnu ussisa, est invcntus ponat alinm et tot ct talcs, &c. ct cos scilicet, utrum majus jns habet tcncndum de vcnire facint, &c. et non omittat, &c. PrecPptum eodem Mattha,o (an) iclcm Mattha,us in domi­ est etiam vicccomiti quo(l sumrnonirct ballivos mco. Dies datus cis in xv dies post festnm Comitis de Arurnfoll et Cardegn de Frechevill Sancti l\Iattini, &c. quod sint coram Rege ad cundem terminurn The above plea is important, inasmuch as it audituros judicium suum &c. sicut eis preceptum is documentary evidence that Matthew de fuit, &c.t Gournay was son and heir of \Villiam de Gournay (I.) No. 4. The suit was renewed the next year, as fol­ Rogerus de Ho, Umfridus de Miliers, lows, according to the process described in the Thomas filius \Villelmi, Robcrtus Barnard iiii text. milites sumoniti ad cligendum xii ad faciendam magnam assisam inter Mattha,um de Gurnay No. 3. petentem et Gilbcrtum de Hunhall tenentem de Inter Rccorcla in Thesaurio Curia, Recepta, 1 carucata terre cum pertinentiis 1 ...... Scaccarii asservata, viz. in Rotulo inclorsato et de 1 molendino cum pertinentiis in Runhall ' Anno 9 Joh::mnis,' continetur ut sequitur. uncle idem Gilbertus qui tenens est posuit se in Hotulus de termino Sancti Michaelis, anno magna assisa et petivit recognitionem fieri Regni Regis Johannis nono. utrum ipse majus jus habeat tenendi terram In Oct. Sancti Michaelis. illam et molcndinum cum pertinentiis de ipso Dies datus est Matthmo de Gurnay petenti Mattha,o an idem Matthams in dominico. et Gilberto de Itunhall tenenti de audienda Veniunt ut eligant istos, Matthmum de Gremes­ electione de terra in Runhall a die Sancti Marci ton, Radulfum de Curcun, Ricardum de Hising, in xv dies, coram Rege pro defectu iiii Militum, \Villelmum de Sparharn, Michaelcm de Mnn­ quorum Michael de l\Iunterni, Umfridus de teny, Philippum de Snaring, \Villelmum de Car­ i\Iiliers, Rogerus de I-Io, iii Militcs non venerunt cun de Stanfcld, \Villelmum de Blunvill, Ho­ vel se essoniavcrunt,* etc. Uncle preceptum gerum de Buzun, Hlewin filium Willelmi, est Vicccomiti Norfolcie quod habet eosdem \Villelmum filium Gaufridi" de Gorbodesham, ad eundem terminum, et non omittat propter Radulfum de Verly, Rogerum de Greston, a\iquam \ibertntem Comitis Arundell et Cardon Radulfum de Spinevill, Radulfum de Banham, de rrechevill in quorum libertate idem Michael Gaufridum Jordan. Dies datus est eis a die et Umfridus manent, quin habeat eos ad pre­ Paschm in xv dies et tune veniant milites.t dictum terminum, et loco Rogeri de Ho qui non t Rot. 3. N orf. + Rot. 10. d. Korf. -¥<- Essoniare, to excuse. APP. LIV.] ::\1ABILIA WIDOW OF LEWIS DE GOURNAY. 315

APPENDIX LIV.

DOCU:IIE'

0;0. l. registration of them is one of the principal Fine bet1ceen TVi11iam,de Gurnai and JJ[m·tin sources of information respecting property iu de TVestlai, 10th Richa)'(l I. the early periods of our history.

Hrec est finalis concordia facta in Curia Do­ No. 2. mini llegis apud N"orwicum in crastino Sancti Fine between JJ[abilia widow of Lewis de :\Iichaclis archangeli anno Regni Regis Ri­ Gournay, and Thomas son of Lewis, 14th cardi x. coram Rolierto Eliensis archidiacono, yeai- of King John. Willclmo de "\Varenna, Roberto filio Rogeri, "\Villelmo de Aubenille, Osbcrto filio Hervei, Inter Recorda in Thesaurario Curie Recepte .'.\Iichaeli Belet, Justiciariis et aliis Daronibus et Scaccarii asservata, viz. 1n Bunclella Finium fidclilms Domini Regis ibidem tune prcscntibus. tcmporc Regis Johannis in comitatu Norfolk, Inter 1\"illclrnum de Gurnai petcntcm et :\far­ continetur ut sequitur. tinurn de ""cstlai tenentem de nna acra terre Hmc est finalis concordia facta in Curia Do­ et dimiclio cum pertincntiis in Burnham, nude mini Regis apurl 1\"cstmonastcrium a die Sanc­ recognitio de mortc anccssoris summonita fuit te Trinitatis in xv dies anno Regni Regis inter cos in prcfata curia, scilicct quod preclictus Johannis xiiii. coram Pathull, i\fortinus recognovit totam prcdictam terram Jacobo de Potcrna, Henrico de Ponte Aldemer, cum pcrtinentiis esse jus et herec1itatis prcclicti llogero Huseart, Justiciariis et aliis fidelibus "\Yillclmi tcncndam cle predicto ;\fartino ct he­ Domini Regis tune ibi presentibus. Inter Ma­ redibns mis illi ct heredibus suis in perpctunm liilia[ rn viclnam LOllo]wici cle Gurnay peten­ pro scrvitio xii denariorum per annum pro omni tcm per "\Varinum de Risinges positum loco suo ,ervitio. Et pro hac fine ct concon1ia et rccog­ ad lucrandnm vcl pcrdendum. Et Thomam nitione prerlietus ""illclmns dcclit predicto {IIar­ filium Lodowici tenentem de med. tino x solidos. acre terrc cum pcrtinentiis in Cranewmth. A fine is so called because it puts an end not Et cle mcdictate duodccim acrarnm prati et only to the suit then commcncC'd, bnt also to all pasture cum prrtincniiis in cadcm villa. Et other suits and controversies respecting the de medictatc unius molcndini same matter: it is a very usuc1l species of assur­ pcrtincntiis in eadcm villa. Et de quarta ance of lands and tenements. parte unius molendini ad aquam in eadem A fine may be described to be an amicable villa. Et de mcdietate quinque marcarum adjustment or composition of a suit, either redditus in Letton ct actual or fictitious, by leave of the king or his wurht. Quas mcclictates ipsa Mabilia clamat justices, whcn·l,y tlie lands in qncstion become versus cundcm Thomam ut r::itionabilem dotern or are acknmdct1g·pd to be ~be right of one of suam de clono prcclicti Loclowici quondam viri the partiL•s.-( Sec Dlackstonc's Commentaries, sni et uncle placitum in eaclem Book ii. chap. ::! l.) curia scilicet qnod predicta JVIabilia remisit ct Fines arc of perpetual occurrence, and the quictum clamavit predicto Thomm et heredibus 2 T 316 MATTHEW DE GOURNAY, [ PART II. suis totum jus et clamam quod habuit in pre­ me tcnuit l\Iatildis filia Aliz, in Lcctune, quod tlicta terra et in prcdicto prato et pastura reddit dcccm et octo denarios ad trcs tcrminos molcndinis ct in predicto rcdditu Scilicet ad Penthecosten vi dcnarios, ad fostum nominc dotis ct pro hac quieta clamantia ct fine Sancti ::.\Iichaelis vj denarios, et ad purifica­ et concordia predictus Thomas concessit cidem tionem vj denarios, et volo quad responc1eat de J\Iabilie duas acras terre cum pcrtinentiis . eodern tenemento dictis monachis sicnt mihi . . Scilicet unam acram que jacet inter terram solebat respondere. Hoc est autern tenementum, J{icardi de Rising et terram persone de Crane- scilicet, dimiclium acre terre que abuttat super wurth. Et tres rodas et dimidium terram Philippi filii J ohannis, et jacet inter et in Shenck Tenendas eidem terram Lewine filii Hugonis et terram Willelmi ::Vfabilie tota vita sua nornine dotis, de ipso filii Herberti; et dimidium acre ,uper \\'range­ Thoma et hercdibus suis per liberum scrvitium land que jacct inter terram i\Iatildis sororis quatuor denariorum per annum Heddendo . Lewine et terram vVillelmi Heyn, ct una roda . quatuor . . . anni scilicet ad fcs- et dimidium terre jacentes inter tcrram Gilherti tum lviichaelis unum c1enarium et ad nativitatem l\1anthe et terram ccclesie; et dimidium acre in Domini unum dcnarium, et ad Pascham unum Sudfeld inter terrnm W alteri filii J ohannis et dcnarimn pro omnibus . Et preterca viam, ct abuttat super terram ecclesie quam predictus Thomas concessit eidem J\Iabilic duas Elfil

APPENDIX LV.

THE PF9IGREE OF GURNEY, FROM SPELMAN MSS,

The follo,Ying pedigree was transcribed by are now lost, and is therefore of much value; it is, Sir Henry Spelman, from one given him by however, incorrect in several respects, and gives Francis Gurnay, in 1639 ; it is amongst the no account of younger children. Spelman manuscripts collected by Dr. i\Iacro, i\Iatthew de Gournay is the first of the race and which arc now in the possession of Hudson mentioned in it, as he may be said to have c; urncy, Esq. This Francis Gurney, from founded this branch of the family, by his mar­ \Yhom Sir IImry Spelman receiYcd this docu­ riage with Rose de Burnham ; the plea given ment, was probably the fifth son of Henry in Appendix LIII. No. 2, 1iroves him to have Uurney, Esq. of \Vest Barsham, and a mer­ been the son of \Villiarn de Gournay, and the chant in London. (See Part III. of this Record.) extract from the Libcr Niger, given at page 288, This pedigree is compiled from original deeds, at proves that William was the son of vValter de that time in the possession of the family, which Gournay.

PEDIGREE.

Matthew de Gurnay mar­ uxorcm et Philip' de Burn­ ried the daughter of lleig­ ham vel Burham, &c. The nold Fitzffillip, as by the seale of the earle, a man at deed of William Fitzffillip, arms in an ovalle round, with and of Hameline Earl War­ a circumscription decayed. ren, by whom he had the The scale of Ffitz-Philip like manor of Harplie, in the 30th the said Earle's, saving it was year of Hen. II. as by a fyne not altogether so large, and levied to the sayd Mathew in a perfite round, with a and Rose his wyfe in the superscription likewise de­ Excl1equer,eoramJoh'e Ep'o cayed. Norwic', Adam de Glande­ The sayd Mathew had villc, Justic' dom' Reg' qui issue William, who had issue ibi tune aderunt, inter lVIa­ John. theum de Gurnay et llosam 318 MATTHEW DE GOURNA Y. [PART II.

John Gurnaye recovered which is the first scutcheon or by cornbatte from the Prior arrncs with any of the nync of Lewes the advowson of honors ; but have often seen the benefice of 1-Iarplie ; beasts and fowles given in whereof his ancestor was scales, but never in a sent­ seized in the reign of Henry ch('Oll but round. This IL placit. in banco, Term. \Villiam had issue Edmund. Pasch. anno 3 Ed. I. N orf. Edmond Gurnay married Rot. 31. The sayd John, the daughter and heir of myles, granted a bondsman \Villiam 'IVancy, chevallor, in Thurston and his issue for who granted to them boath, 1G markes, without date, as I and their heirs, a present think all yearlye, and all rents of cent seals before the time of Ed. mares, to be levied out of the first ; the seale utterlie his manors of West Dar­ decayed; he had issue Wil­ sliam and De1_1vor, and his liam. land and tL'nement in \Ve3t William de Gurnaye, miles, Darsham and Pulam, with a granted land in Thuxton for clause of distresse in any homage and service, lykewisc part of eyeh, for default of

0 without date; yet I think in payment, a • Ed. 31. The the reign of Henry III. His sayd deed of \Vam1cy scaled seale a man at armes like the with :i. splayed faulcon. The earle \Varren' s in a round, in sayd Edmund Gurnay made diameter about an inch and lease of a and a 3 qrs. with circumscription croft in \Vest Darsham for

0 of his very seal, w'ch scale 180 years, dated a • 41 he also gave before he was a Ed. III. ; his seale the cross knight. The said William engrailed. He had issue (miles) made a grant to John John. ( his brother, parson of Harp­ John Gurnay married the I \Y1LI.LDI lic, of the manor of 1-Iarplie daughter of Jernegan; left (it'H.~.\Y. and other manors, neither no issue. He was twyce \"-__,/ lying within ten miles of shrieve of Norfolk and Suf­ other, for quater viginti folk, and once Knt. of the mares, to be pairl quarterlie, shier in the raignof Hen. IV. vigin. libras. His scale in as apeareth by his accounts an ovalle uppon a scut<.:heon, and their evidence ; he was a cross engrailed playnly ex­ alsoe embassador to Richard tant, rlated an. 22 Ed. primi, II. into France, as appeareth APP. LV.] SIR H, SPEL::-.IA.N's PEDIGREE OF GURNAY, 319

by the scale of the same Anthonie Gurnaye mar- kingc. His scale a cross ril'tl with one of the coheirs engrailed, as liy his will in of Sir Roliert Lovell; the frenche appears. His sue- Lord Husse's clucst son, ccss·or was his brother's son, Bibby of Lincolnshire, and A~'fllO~JE Thomas. Fitz Lewes of Essex, of Thomas Gnrnaye married whome is descended the Lord ~:) with Kervile, who gave his i\lortfaunt, marrying the

I seale, the cross engrailed other coheirs. This Antho­ Tnmr.,s / with a helmet and crest, nie had issue Francis, and Ut 1 [t:"UY, Heu. \' l. ~v• ch ( as is supposed) is a one daughter named Eliza­ gurnard hyting·e on the hel­ beth, who married Richard met, his tayle upward, w'ch Stubbs, of Sedgeford, in I think hearaulds term it X orfolk, Esq. hauriant. This Thomas had }'rancis Gurnaye married issue ·william. the daughter of FR.\~CIS Gun.'\'.\.Y, ·William Gurnaye mar- Iloulditch; he dyed before Eel. \'I. ricd the daug·hter · of '.Yil­ his father, ,rnd left issue liam Calthorpe, Kut. his Henry and Elizabeth. only daughter, which he had Henry Gurnay married by the th. of the Lord Graye with Blennerhasset of Suf- of ltuthen, as in the Cal­ folk, his eldest daughter by thorpc's pedigree is to be the second coheir of Sir Ed­ seen. Iris seale some time ward Itchingham; Sir Owen a wrastlynge collar * in an Hopton marrying the other, iuamilded ringe. Ilis issue from whome be descended '.Yilliam. Also of this '.Yil­ the Lord '.Ventworth and liarn is descended \Y alter Lord Shandoyse. Henry Gurnayc, of Cawston. had issue Thomas. This William ( son of the Thomas Gurnaye mar­ above saycl) had married ried with Lewknor of Den­ with the daughter of Sir ham in Suffolk, his eldest John Heydon, Knt. who had daughter that ever had child. the manor of lrsted in con­ Edward the eldest and Tho­ sideration. He died before mas the youngest. his father, and left issue All these matches, except the last, are to he Anthonie. seene in colours in the Halle of Sir Henry " Ring seals were common at this period. 'William Gawdy's house, w'ch sometyme was the Gur­ Uurncf:; sen.I, with the wrestling collar, as a badge or nay's house. Jeviee, in hi:-, ring of enamel, nn1st have been in posses­ ReceptaFran.Gurnay, ettranseript. 10 June, ,iun of the family when Franeis Gurnay gave this pedi­ 1639. gree to Sir Henry Spelman in 1U30. 320 MATTHEW DE GOURNAY. [ PART II.

· At \Valsingham abbey, the seat of the Rev. D. H. Lee Warner, are the remains of an armorial pedigree of the Gurneys in stained glass. This coincides almost entirely with the one in the Spelman MSS. and I therefore insert it here. It seems likely that it came originally from "rest Darsham Hall ; eight out of nineteen of these shields remain. APP. LV.7 ARMORIAL PEDIGREE AT WALSINGHAM. 321

J~ --~cc:-=-

The Shield No. 19 contains all the quarterings of the West Barsham Gurneys, as follows: 1. Gurney; 2. De Burnham, or \Varren, with a difference; 3. Baconsthorpe; 4. Wauncy; 5. Lovell; 6. Conyers; 7. Fitzralf; 8. l\fortimcr, of Attleborough. 322

vVILLIAM DE GOURNAY II.

Tms vVilliam de Gournay was son and heir of Matthew de Gournay and Rose de Burnham.a To him Sir ·William de Calthorpe and Cecilia his wife (who was heiress of the·elder branch of the family of De Burnham) are said to have granted their right of patronage to the church of I-farpley .0 He is styled Domin us \Villelmus de Gurney, as witness to a deed of Geoffry de Beckham, or Heacham, conveying lands to the priory of Lewes; from which we conclude he was a knight. (Appendix LVI. No. 1). In the 18th of Henry III. (1234), a fine was levied between Roger de Thurston, querent, and \Villiam de Gurney, respecting the birthright (nati­ vitas) of the said Roger, ,vhercby \Villiam remitted, and quitted claim. for himself and heirs to the said Roger, and his heirs, of all right by birth and servitude for ever. And Roger gave to the saitl ..William, for this remission, ten marks of silver. The word "nativitas" in this fine is intended to mean the con

" Spelman :\ISS. Gurney Pedigree. Norris MSS. Harl. MSS. 970. " Blomefield in Harpley. A.D. 1:243.] KATHAIUXE DE IXGOLDESTHORPE.

The name of ""\Villelmo de Gurney" occurs among the witnesses to a <1<'ed of "\V alter de Clifford, son of "\Valter de Clifford and Agnes de Cun di, gi\·ing lands to the abbey of Dore, in Herefordshire.a By Katharine his wife, William de Gournay II. left John de Gournay his sun and heir.

" Dug

~ u ;324 WILLIA:d DE GOUR~AY II. [P ..\RT II.

APPEND IX L VI.

DOCU~!ENTS RELATING TO WILLIA~! DE GOURNAY II.

No. 1. de Sccheford, Roberto filio \Villelmi de Sechc­ ford, llo1ierto filio llicarni de Snetlisharn, Ri­ lJeed of Gift r;f Geoff1'P!) de I-lecharn qf land cardo Wilechein de p'ua Rising, Hugone fi]io in Ileclrnm to the Priory of Lewes, wit­ Petri de I-Iecham, \Villelmo Tutbein, Galfriclo n~ssed by TVilliam de Gurne!), /{night. Daret, ct multis aliis.* Sciant presentcs et futuri quod ego Magister (ialf'ridus de Hecham filius Reginaldi de No. 2. I-lccham dedi et concessi et in perpetuum qui­ Fine u,y which Roger de Thw·ston, a nritiuus l'tum cbmavi de me et heredibt:s meis Deo et 01· se1:f, wa8. lihendecl hy TYilliam de Gour­ Pcclesic Sancti Pancratii de Lewes et monachis nay .fi·om his condition of se1:f, fur the con­ ihidcm Deo scrvientibns totam tcrram illam sidel'ation of ten mctrks r;f sili•er, a0 l :234. <1ue nicatur Tenattis cum llC'rtincntiis suis Inter Rccorda in Thesaurario Curie He- <1nam ego Galfriclus quondam tcnui in I-Iecham cepte Scaccarii Asservata, viz. in Bunclello jacentcm inter terram Petri Stein versus occi­ Fini um indorsato N orf. Hen. III. continetur ut dentem et terram Roberti filii Ricardi ad por­ sequitur. tam ecclesie versus orientem habendarn et lI

de Burghes, Willelrno de Hiikeford, Albino mitatu ~T orff. APl'. LVI.] VILLEIN TENURE. 325 nimodo natiYitate et servitute in perpetunm. from Queen Elizabeth to manumit many vil­ Et pro hac remissione quieta clamancia :fine et leins belonging to the queen in some counties.~ concordia ir\em Hogerns dcdit predicto \\'il­ lelmo deccm nwrcas argenti. Ko. 3. The nativns was the ~on of a villein or serf­ Fine between Thomas de Ingoldestlw1pe and one born in that condition. The villeins under TVilliam de Gunwy and I{atharine his the feudal system, and before that under the wife, concerning lands in 1\Torth TVoutton. Saxons, were either 1·egardant, i.e. annexed to the manor or land, or in gToss or at large, Inter Recorda in Thcsaurario Curie llc- i. e. annexed to the person of the lord, and cepte Scaccarii Asservata in Bundella Finium transferable by deed from one lord to another. indorsata Fines N'orf'. ab anno 21 arl --lcl Lands held in ville1{age were called folk-land, Henr. III. continetur ut sequitur. am\ the scn·iccs due to the lord from the H::cc est finalis concordia facta in Curia Do­ knallts were of the meanest sort. Villeins mini Hcgis apucl \V cstrnonasterium a die Fa,­ mi;tht lJc cnfrnnchised by manumission; by deed, che in unam mcnsem anno regni Hcgis I-Icn­ as in tl1e instance of Hoger de Thurston by rici filii Regis Johannis viccsimo septimo comm \Yilliam de Gournay; or hy implication, where Hobcrto de Lexinton, Rogero de Tlmrkdb_,, a lord ,ms boul1(\ to a Yillein by bond for a Jollano de Nevill et Gilberto de Preston, .Jn,­ sum of money or annuity, which was placing ticiariis et aliis domini Hegis fidelilrns tune ilii the Yillein on the footing of a freeman. Many presentibus, inter Thomam de Ing·aldestorp jll'­ lords of manors ha;-ing time out of mind tentem et \Villelmum de Gurnay et Katerinam allo,Yerl their Yilleins and their chiltlren to enjoy uxorem ejus tenentes, de qua

JOHN DE GOURNAY I.

JoHN DE GOURNEY I. was a distinguished warrior in the reigns of Henry III. and Edward I., and son and heir of Sir William de Gournay, Knight. In the 29th Henry III. (1245) Simon de Crepping and Maude his wife conveyed by fine to John de Gourney the manor of Swathing, and John regranted it to Maude for life.a The 41 st Henry III. ( l 25i) he was presented by the jury of the hun­ dred of Mitford for having an entire knight's fee, and not being knighte(l.h This arose from the military tenure of the feudal system, by .which every one who held a knight's fee was obliged to be knighted, and attend the king in his wars, or was fined for non-compliance. (Appendix LVII.) But John de Gournay was afterwards knighted, as appears in the Spel­ man l\lanuscripts (Appendix LV.), where it is mentioned that in Sir Henry Spelman's time a deed of his existed) by which he, Sir John de Gournay, Knight, sold a nativus or bondsman in Thurston, with his issue, for sixteen marks, or £5. 6s. Sd. sterling; c this must have been the case of a villein in gross, or transferable by deed from one lord to another. In the ,vars between Henry III. and his barons, Sir John de Gournay si

a Blomcficld in Cr:rnworth.

1, Non.-1s '.\[SS. Tunstcad hundred, p. 54. c Sir JI. Spelman's words arc, " As the said John Jlfiles granted a bondsman in Thurston, and his iswe, for lG marks, witho11t date; seals before the time of Edward I. The seal utter"ly ,\ecayed." ti I3lornefield in IIarplcy. :\'" orris :\1S8. Rot. de Rebel. 49 Hen. III. in Turre Lond. , 328 JOHN DE GOU RNA Y I. [PART II.

In the 49 Henry III. ( 1265) John de Bolemer was attached to answer to Alice cle Balesham for seizing her chattels or stock at iN ootton, viz. : :) horses, worth 30 shillings; 4 oxen, worth 48 shillings; 14 cows, worth 5 pounds; 3 calYes, worth 1 shilling; and l 71 sheep, worth 21 marks and 5 shillings ;-to which he answered that he came to the manor of a certain John de Gourney at South ,vootton,a and the said John de Gourney was at the battle of Lewes against the King, and that after the battle of EYesham he came and seized that manor, as of an enemy of our Lord the King; and that he gave in an inventory of what he took, and prays judg­ me~t if he is subject to answer for spoil taken from the King's enemies in vmr ..... Order to the sheriff to impanel 12 knights to inquire, &c. John de Bolemar was successful in this suit, as his family possessecl the manor of South vVootton for some generations, and it was from this time lost to the Gournays. ( Appendix L VIII. No. 1.)

FO'.'

0 The lords of the manors of North and South \Vootton, Hunstanton, and Roydon, were by their tenures obliged to guard and defend the four towers of Castle Rising Castle;* one of these towers was called \Vodehouse Tower, doubtless from that family having held the manor of Roydon. Sir John de Gourney must have held this manor of South \Vootton of the lord l\Iontalt, his snperior lord, who owned the honour of Castle Ilising at this period, and upon the tenure of defending one of the towers. John Lord Montalt had at this time married Millicent Cantilupe, daughter of \Villiam de Cantilupe, who was son of Hugh de Gourn;iy's daughter. Henry, son of Henry Lord Hastings, married Jmn, the other daughter of William de Cantilupe.t Perhaps the Lord lvfontalt subenfeoffed ,John de Gournay of the manor of South \Vootton iu consequence of this relationship between them.

* Blomefielcl in Rising. ·r Dug-,lale's l3uronage. A,D. 1270.] ARGEXT, A CROSS ENGRAILED GULES. 329

The 52nd of the same king ( I 268) Willelmus de Swathing held of John de Gourney a messuage, 54 acres of land, and 3 of wood, in Hardingham and Remerston ; with free grinding without toll at John's mill, called Raven's Holm (as he and his ancestors before had at Little Mill), whilst Little l\1ill was repaired; and if they should be both out of repair that they could grind at neither, then John to pay 6 shillings and 5 pence per annum, till they could grind. John likewise granted to \Villiam de Swathing and his heirs, a free bull, and a free ram, with a free fold-course, and common of pasture over all his lands for his cattle, tempore aperto, as his ancestors had ; \Villiam releasing to John two acres of land called Schinnerslond. (Appendix LVIII. No. 2.) This J olm de Gourney appears to have been a knight of great military reno,vn; he accompanied Edward, afterwards Edward I. to the Holy Land in I 270, as his name is amongst those to whom letters of protection were issued on that occasion, tested at vVestminster.a His arms are given in an ancient cotemporary roll, published in Hearne's Lelandi Collectanea, vol. 11.

~\...,L'-' p. 613 : " John de Gurney d'argent a une croyze de goules engrale." This John de Gourney,b the grandchilcl to Matthew, confirmed to the church at Harclingham0 the tithes which his "grandfather" Matthe,v had before gh-en. John de Gournay I., in the 3rd Edward I., in Easter term, recovered ag11inst the prior of Lewes the advowson of the church of Harpley, who claimed it as the grant formerly of the Earl Warren; but it appeared on trial at the king's bench, that John Le Coward, the cham­ pion of Matthew de Gournay, gained it by combat of the prior in the reign of Henry III.

a Excerpta Ilistorica, p. 272. b Harl. J\TSS. 970, p. 48. c I-Iardingham formed part of the manor of Swathings, so long hPlcl by this branch of thP Gonrnays. ,l l3lomeficld in Harpley, and Norris J\ISS. 330 JOHN DE GOURNA Y I. [PART II. demanded against him, by the name of John the son of ·William de Gour­ ney, the advowson of the church of Harpley, as the right of the said Cecily, whose ancestor had been sole seized thereof.a This Sir John de Gournay was performing military service due from \Villiam·Bardolf (who had married the heiress of Hugh de Gournay VI.) in 1277 : muster at Worcester in eight days of St. John Baptist's day, 1st July .b The other knights associated with him in this service for William Barclolf were Roger de Colvill and Gui de Botetourt, who, as well as John de Gournay, probably both held lands under him. This muster of forces at Worcester was on the occasion of Edward L's successful expedition against the Welsh, who had rebelled after the con­ quest of that province. This is the last notice we find of John

a Blomefield in Harpley, and Norris MSS. b Parliamentary ·writs, vol. i. p. 201 and 65L c Norff. Rot. 41 Henry III. Norris MSS. Tunstead, page 51. API'. LVII.] THE FEODUM MILITIS. 331

APPENDIX LVII.

0 ON TIIE KNIGJI'J' 8 FEE.

Cpon the i\orman Conquest the feudal law gave great offence, though warranted by law, was introduced into England in all its rigour, and the recent example of Queen Elizabeth.t the whole of which system was raised on a The quantity of land rated as a knight's fee military plan. In· consequence thereof all the appears to have varied, according to the quality lands in the kingdom were divided into what of the soil, from five hundred to twelve hun- arc called knight's fees, in number about sixty drcd acres. ]\,fr, Norris has entered at great thousand; and for every knighL's fee, a knight length into this subject; from an accurate ex­ or wldier, miles, was bound to attend the king amination of Domesday Dook he considers that in his wars for forty days in a year, in which in Norfolk the average quai1tity of land in a space of time, before war was reduced to a knight's foe was about 480 acres, according to scic>nce, the campaign was generally finished; the subjoined table.t and, acconlingly, we find one among the laws of 'William the Conqueror which enjoins: 1 Feodum Militis.

" Quod habeant ct tencant se semper in armis 4 1 Carucata sive Hi,la, et cquis ut decet ct oportet, et quad semper \'irgata. sint prompti et parati ad servitium suum intc­ ~1--4- --1-1 grum nobis explcndum et peragendum cum G-l lG I 41 1 I Fardella. opus adfuerit secundum quod dcbcnt de fooclis 480 120 I 30 I n I 1 I Acra. et tenementis suis de jure nobis facere." This personal service, in process of time, de­ The tenants in capite of the crown furnished generated into pecuniary compensations or aids ; the milites to the king according to the number and at last the military part of the feudal sys­ of knight's fees they held, and the subiufoudati tem was abolished at the Restoration, by stat. to their lords, the tenants in capite. \Ve have 12 Charles II. chap. 24."' entered into this explanation of the law of One condition of the tenure by which these knight's service, as we presume this ,John de milites held, was, that every one who held a Gourney was presented by the jury of Mitford knight's fee, which in the time of Henry II. for the purpose of exacting the fine to which amounted to £20 a year, was obliged to be he was amenable for holding a knight's foe knighted and attend the king in his wars, or without having been knighted. was fined for his non-compliance. The exer­ tion of this prerogative in the reign of Charle-s I. t Illackstonc's Comment. book i. chap. lZ, in Equi­ tes aurati. * Illackstone's Commentaries, book i. chap. 13. t Norris 1ISS. vol. on Domesday. 2x 332 JOH~ DE GOURNAY I. [ PART II.

APPENDIX LVIII.

l:\o. 1. per quos, &c. Et per sacramentum eorum dili­ genter inquireret si predicta Alicia fuit in sei­ Plea between John de Bolemm· and Alice de sina de predicto manerio, &c.t Balesham, respecting her cattle at South The above plea is curious, from giving TVootton, and John de Gournay's manor

0 the quantity of stock or cattle on the manor thei·e. A • 1265. of South Wootton at this early period, and their Johannes de Bolemer attachiatus ad respon­ value. dendum Alicie de Balesham de placito quare No. 2. ipsam bonis et catallis suis apud Wootton de­ pred,ttus est. Et unde queritur quod cepit Fine between John de Gw·ney and vVilliam averia"' ipsius Alicie in villa de '\Vootton, de Swathing,· of lands in Hardingham and scilicet tres equos pretii triginta solidis, iv boves Re;ymerston. Anno 1268. pretii xlviii solidis, xiv vaccas pretii quinque Hooe est finalis concordia facta in Curia Do­ lioris, tres bovettos pretii solido, octies viginti mini Regis apud Norwicum in crastino Sancti et undecim oves pretii xxi marcis et v solidis. Michaelis anno regni Regis Henrici filii Regis Et Johannes venit et defendit quod non Johannis quinquagcsimo secundo coram Ni­ cepit averia ejusdem Alicie nee illa abduxit, chola de Turri, Henrico de l\fonteforti de Far­ sed revera dicit quod ip~e venit ad manerium legh magno, Ricardo de Stanes et Henrico de cujusdem Johannis de Gurney in South Woot­ vVollaunton, Justiciariis Itinerantibus, et aliis ton, et quia idem Johannes fuit in conflictu de Domini Regis fidelibus tune ibi presentibus, Lewes, contra dominum Regem et alibi post inter Johannem de Gurney petentem et "\Villel­ eundem conflictum, venit ipse ad manerium pre­ mum de Swathing tenentem, de uno messuagio, dictum post bellum de Evesham et seisivit ma­ quinquaginta et quatuor acris terre et tribus nerium illum in manum suam tanquam super acris bosci cum pertinentiis in Hardingham et inimicum Domini Regis. Et

·• Stock, or cattle. t Abbrev. Plac. p, 158. (49 Hen, III.) Norf. APP. LVIII.] FINE BETWEEN GURNEY AND DE SWATHING. 333 solidos et decem denarios ad quatuor terminos ; fuit reparatum. Ita quod predictus Willelmus scilicct ad frstum Sancti i\Iichaelis trcs solidos vcl heredes sui ibidem molere possint sicut pre­ duos denarios et obulum, ad natulc Domini tres dictum est in pcrpctuum. Et pretcrea idem solidos duos denarios et obulum, ad Pascham Johannes concessit pro se et heredibus suis pre­ tres solidos duos denarios et obulnm, ct ad , which was originally confined to the lord of a nrnnur, dictus Willelmus et heredes sui liberam et who folded his tenants' sheep upon his ,Iemcsne lan,ls competentem multuram suam ibidem habere for the sake of n1anurC'; this feudal right was retained in non possunt, nee in predicto molendino quod Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridgcsl1ire, as being for the vocatur Litlemilne, cum necesse habuerint, most part sheep walks, at the time Sir H. Spelman wrote extunc remittentur eidem \Villelmo et heredibus his Glossary: see under the worc!faltlagiumin that w,,rk. The tempus apertum was the wi,1ter half uf the year, suis sex solidi et quinque clenarii per annum when the open field lands, which were private during de predicto rcdditu duodecim solidorum et the summer months when the crops were upon them, dccem-scilicet ad quemlibet predictorum ter­ became the common pasture for the stock (averia) uf the mmorum viginti clenarii et obulum donec parish : this system of what is called lialf-year lands still unum predictorum molendinorum competenter prevails in many places. 334 JOHN DE GOURNAY I. [ PART II.

Xo. 3. ney, Domino Huberto Haktm, Ricardo filio suo et aliis. t The following Deeds in fal!our ef the Abbey No. 4. ([/' .i1Iarham are witnessed b!J Jnhn de Gourna!J, Sciant presentes, &c. Ego Thomas de Dun­ ham concessi rlcdi et hac presenti cartil mcrl Noverint universi, &c. Rogerius Prior* ec­ confirmavi Domine Marie Abbatissc de Mar­ clesie beate Marie de \Vymundham et ejusdem ham et rnonialibus ejusdem, &c. duo J\Iessuagia, loci conventus concessimus et presenti carta unam acram prati et triginta quatuor acras nostra confirmavimus J\Iarie Abbatisse de t terre arabilis quas habui in villa de Wymund­ l\Iarham et ejusdem loci conventui unum lVIes harn, &c. Hiis testibus, Domino Roberto de suagium in villa de Forhowe Carlton quod J\forley, Domino Andrea de Hcngham, Domino vocat Saltacre, &c. Riis testibus, Domino An­ vVillidmo de Brom, Domino Johanne de Gnr­ drea de Hengham, Domino Thoma de Hel­ ney, Domino Huberto Hakon, Ricardo filio thon, Domino vVillelmo de Brom, Domino suo, Johanne de Gelharn, Nicholao de Karlton Rogero de Toftys, Domino Johanne de Gur- et aliis.~

•* Roger, prior of Wymondham before 1286, ::: From the Register of i\Iarharn Abbey, page 68, t :Ilaria, first abbess of :llurham. pen es Sir Thomas Hare, Bart. § Ibitl. page 69. 335

-YVILLLDI DE GOURNAY III.

"\YAs son and heir of the last-mentioned Sir John, and granted land in Thurston, for homage and service, by deed without date; Sir Henry Spel­ man thinks in the reign of Henry III. " His seal, a man-at-arms, like the Earl ·warren's, in a round about one and a quarter inch in diameter, with circumscription of ' His very seal,' which seal he also gave before he ,vas knight."a This deed, mentioned by Spelman, is probably the same of which a copy is preserved in the cartulary of \Valsingham priory ( Cotton, Nero E. VI I. fol. 115), in which "William de Gurney confirms to that priory the homage of "\Villiam Catteston, and a tenement in Runhall and Thurston, which had been previously given by him to Roland the son of John Del Frith, and which the said Roland had given to the priory of \Valsingham. (Appendix LIX.) This donation appears to have been made whilst "William was prior of "\Yalsingham, who apparently presided over the priory from 1276 to 1290. In the Hth Edward I. (1286), William de Calthorpe and Cecily his ·wife brought a precipe and demanded the church at Harpley before the justices itinerant, and thereupon a fine was leYied thereof before the said justices, whereby \Yilliam de Calthorpe and Cecily his ,vife acknowledged the same to be the right of the said \Villiam, son of John de Gourney, and of his heirs for ever. (Placitum de juratis et assisis coram Salomone de Roff. et sociis apud Norwicum in octavis Sancti I-Iilarii, 14 Edward I. Rotulus 12, dorso, 11.S. Le Neve, No. 8, page 3.b) In the I.5th Eel ward I. ( 1287), ·wmiam de Gournay claimed free warren in Gurney's manor in Hardingham.c

a Spelman l\ISS. ; Gurnay Pedigree, App. L V. 0 Norris 1\1 SS. Tunstcad hundred, p. 54. c Blomeficld, in I-fardingh[lm, 336 'iVILLIA?\I DE GOURNAY III. [PART II.

He married Catharine, who, it seems likely, was daughter of Edmund

Baconsthorpe, and had issue three sons, John, \Villiam, and Edmund. a ( A p­ pendix LX) This "\Villiam de Gournay, knight (miles), made a grant, dated the 22d Edward I,. (1294), to John his brother, parson of Harpley, of the manor of Harpley and other manors, neither lying within ten miles of the other, for " quatuor viginti marcas," i. e. eighty marks, to be paid quarterly, " vi­ ginti libras."b His seal, in an oval, a cross engrailed plainly extant. This, Sir Henry Spelman says, " is the first scutcheon, or arms, with any of the nine honours I have seen; but have often seen beasts and fowls given in seals, but never in a scutcheon, but round." (Appendix LXI.) vVhat the motive of this sale of his estates by William de Gurnay to his brother for an annuity might be, I have not discovered. Palestine was lost to the Christians before the year 1294 ; therefore it ·could not have been for the purpose of visiting the Holy Land. Perhaps pecuniary difficulties led to this arrangement, by which it was agreed that the more prudent brother J olm, the priest, should possess the family fiefs for his life, that they might revert to the son and descendants of William afterwards.

CoNTEMPORARY.-EDMUND GURNEY, who in 31st Edward I. (1303), held in Houghton a quarter of a knight's fee of the honour of vVormegay.

a Ibid. in Harpley, and Norris MSS.

b I presume by this is meant for eighty marks at the time of executing the deed, and for an annuity of twenty pounds quarterly, or eighty pounds a-year. I kive not met with any copy of this deed. The above particulars are from the Spelman l\ISS. (Appendix LV.) APP. LIX.] HO:'.\IAGE OF WILLIAM DE CATTESTO?-.'. 337

APPENDIX LIX.

GIFT TO TIIE PRIOR OF WALSD1GHA~I OF THE HO~IAGE OF WILLI.,DI DE CATTESTO:-1.

No. 1. No. 2.

From the Register Chai-tarurn P1·ioratus de Omnibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Walsingham, Bib!. Cotton. Nero E. vrr. Willelmus de Gurnay salutem. fo. 11.5. Noverit universitas vestra me concessisse et Decanatus de Runhale, Carta Rolandi del hac presenti carta confirmasse Dea et ecclesie Frith de homagio Willelrni de Catteston. Sancte J\'farie de \Valsingham et canonibus Sciant prescntes et futuri quad ego Rolamlus ibidem Deo servientibus donationem quam Ro­ filius Johannis del Frith concessi et dedi et landus filius Johannis del Frit[l fecit eis, scilicet, hac prcsenti carta mea confirmavi Dea et hornagium \Villelmi de Catteston cum toto tern'­ ecclesie Sancte l\1arie de \Valsingham et ca­ mento suo quad tenuit de eodem Rolando in nonibus ibidem Dea servientibus homagium villa de Runhale et de Turston cum omnibus \Villelmi de Catteston cum toto tencmento quad pertinenciis, sicut carta predicti Rolandi quam tenuit de me in villa de Runhale et de Turston inde habent testatur. Testibus, &c. cum omnibus pcrtinentibus que habui ex dona These deeds afford an illustration of the \Villelmi de Gurnay dornini rnei pro servitio holdings of land under the feudal system. Wil­ rneo, in liberam, puram et perpetuam elemosy­ liam de Catteston, the villein, owes homage and n:1111, pro salute anime mce, ct omnium anteces­ fealty to Tioland llel Frith ; and he again to sorum rneorurn et successorum. Testibus, &c. \Villiam de Gurnay, his superior, who himself, This donation of Roland dcl Frith was con­ as mesne-lord, owed suit and service to tlJP firmed by his superior lord, William de Gur­ elder line of the Gurnays, who held these l::tll(\s nay, as follows :- as tenants in capite of the Crown.

APPENDIX LX.

ON THE FA~IILY OF BACONSTHORPE.

"\Ve are inclined to believe that this Catha­ Harpley, was lord of the manor of \Velburn, rine, wife of \\'illiam de Gurney III. was a which had been in the Daconsthorpes. The Baconsthorpe. moiety of the manor of \Voodhall, in Bacons­ John Gurnay (II.), the rector and patron of thorpe, came from that family to sir John de 'iYJLLIA'.\I DE GOURNA Y III. [ PART II.

Gourncy, knt. (V.) of West I3arsham, who died likely this Grimbald held some manor in Nor­ lord of it in 1407 ;* his widow held, in the mandy called Bacon, from whence the name of reign of Henry VI., "quartam partem unius the family. The descendants of Grimbald held fcodi quondam Edmundi Baconsthorpe."t the principal manor of Baconsthorpe for several The later generations of the \Vest Barsham centuries, and were called indifferently Bacon Gurneys q_uartered, lictween the coats of \Var­ or Baconsthorpe. The illustrious Roger Bacon ren and de \Vauncy, can hardly have been of this family; he having Azure, 3 griffin's heads been born at or near Ilchestcr, in Somerset­ erased or, collared sa­ shire, in 1214; but John de Ilaconstlwrpe, tl,e ble, which are the arms celebrated Carmelite friar, of whom Fuller of I3aconsthorpe, ac­ makes mention in his \Vorthies, was certainly cording to Edmund­ son of Sir Thomas Bacon, of Baconsthorpe, son, and old ordinaries and was born at that place.§ of the reign of James The Bacons of Baconsthorpe were also lords I., now existing in the of Field Dalling, and patrons of Dlackliorough Heralds' College, London. Nunnery, near Lynn; in the cartulary of From this fact they must have married a which house are several of their charters of Baconsthorpc heiress previous to tlie match gifts of land in that parish. with de 1Vauncy, and after that with 1Varren They ended in coheiresses in the sixteenth or de Burnham. ( See armorial pedigree, Ap­ century, when the estates were sold to the pendix L V. page 320.) Heydons, who built a large mansion at Bacons­ It is not likely that the manor of Woodhall thorpe. should have fallen into. the Gurneys so late as The arms of this family varied much, and the reign of Henry IV., if the marriage with prove that in the early periods coats of arms llaconsthorpe had taken place much earlier were by no means always hereditary: they bore, than the time of this Katharine. Gules, on a chief argent 2 mullets sable, which The family of Baconsthorpe is the same as are borne by the present family ; Argent, a that of Bacon * Bacon is a Norman name, cross engrailed, counter-changed gules and originating in some fief so called-+ The Eng­ sable; and Gules, three boars passant or. lish family of Bacon does not appear to de­ A younger liranch of the Baconsthorpes scend from that of bacon du Molay, who were were enfeoffcd by the elder of the manor of of distinction in Normandy, but from Grim­ 1Voodhall in Baconsthorpe, and of a manor in bald, said to be a kinsman of the Earl \Varren, Hingham, from whence they were called indif­ and who came to England with him at the ferently de Daconsthorpe and de Hingham; this Conquest, and was enfeoffed by that earl of the § This John ,le Daconsthorpe was celebrated for his manors of Lethcringset and Thorpe, afterwards high spirit in his low body ; his stature was dwarfish : called Baconsthorpe, Loth in Norfolk. It is " Seal pell um, ca1ami, atramentum, carta, libellus." * Blomefield, in Daconsthorpe. His penknife, pen, inkhorn, one sheet of paper, and his t Norris :lt!SS. Curt, Antiq. 62. book, would amount to his full height.-Fuller's ;j: Roman de Rou, vol. ii. p. 269. Worthies, p. 255, APP, LX.] FAMILY OF BACONSTHORPE, 339 **

,ms in 1227, when Robert Bacon settled these of West 13arsham, as before stated, where their manors on Roger }:tis brother. The heiress of arms, different from the elder line, are also this family apparently married to the Gurneys given.

APPENDIX LXI.

UPON THE COAT OF ARMS, ARGENT, A CROSS ENGHAILED GULES,

.Armorial emblems and distinctions were un­ ' nay was pure sable. doubtc-dly used as early as the tenth century, The Normans with the a., appc-ars by the decree of tl-.e Emperor feudal system intro­ Henry I. surnamed the Fowler, respecting duced armorial bcar­ tournaments. He began to reign !)19: the first mgs into England. tournament took place 938.* The Crusades gradu­ Gui(lons allll pennons without a charge are ally renclercll them upon the seals of ,rilliam the Conqueror and more and more gene­ ,\.illiam Hufus,t which ,cems to countenance ral, and they finally the irlca which prcrnils in the local historians, became hereditary in that the shic·l,l of the ancient Lords of Gour- families in the 1:Jth century.

" E,lmon,lsun's Heral,lry. Preface, p, 18. This instance of ,villiam de Gournay is the t !Jallaway's !Icralclry, p. 13. earliest on record of the use of the cro,s 2Y :34() WILLIAM DE GOU RNA Y ITI. [ PART ll.

Plli!Tailed m a seal or document by any of thl' family; but this coat was borne by his father John de Gurney, as appears from an I-Ieydon. Quarterly ancient roll of arms apparently cotemporary, argent and gnles, a p11l,lislw,l in IIcarnc's Leland's Collectanca, cross engrailccl, coun­ ml. ii. p. G13. And this J oh11 de Gurney accom­ terchanged, vaui,1

'.I ere accustomed to take the arms of the prin­ cipal nobility of the district, with clistinctin, rnriations of colour and bearings ; and that in ::--.:orfolk many families took their arms from rhe housl'S of Albany, \!pre, Strange, and Berney. Per pale l;tforcl.t The l:tfords, Earls of Suffolk, h;cd gules and azure, over large estates in Nor­ all a cross engrailecl folk ; they bore, S,lhle, crmme. a cross engrailed or. The following ancient families of this county certainly bore also en­ g-railecl crosses, vary­ \Vhetenhall. As ing in colour. quartered by \Varner, Vert, a cross engra ilerl

l' rrnmP. Bacon of Dacons­ thorpe. Argent, a cross engrailcd, coun­ tcrchnnged· gules and sable.~

Gurney. Argent, a cross engrailed gules . ._ Excerpta IIistorica, p. 2i2. t (iuillim's Heraldry, Introduction, p. 7. _::.: Spelman in Aspilugia. j Bluml•HelLl in Ba('unstliorpe. APP. LXI.] ARGENT, A CROSS ENGRAILED GULES. 341

Robert cle Cfforcl, the first of the family, there resident, an(l have assumed their arms was a younger son of John cle Peyton, of Pey­ with a slight varidy. ton in Suffolk; in the 54 Henry Ill. 1270, he \Yith regard to seals, it appears that one of was with Prince E

-~- ~ .· ';'/."if

I.

',EAL o;-.· A JJE.Ell OF TllO\IAS DE ING OLDEST IIORPE, AT STOW·IIALL, NOH.FOUL 1 G Ed W. f. 12'-f~,. 342

JOHN DE GOURNAY II.

JonN DE GouRNAY II. was a priest, and rector of Harpley; to him his brother "William de Gournay III. conveyed the manor of Harpley and all his other manors in the 22d year of Edward I. (1294 ). In the year 27-28 Edw. I. he was lord of Harpley, as appears from the Court Rolls ; and in the 35th of Edw. I. he was lord rector and patron; and the same year had an annual fair granted him, to be kept on the 25th of July, and the fair to belong to the rector for the time being.a In the 29th year of Edw. I. (1301) he purchased the manor of Saxthorpe of Simon de Crepping and Maude his wife ; Simon remaining his tenant of the manor and lands at a rent of forty pounds sterling a year. (Appendix LXII. No. I.) In the 31st Edw. I. he held the manor of Swathing in Hardingham for one knight's fee, of Hugh Bardolf: at the same time he and ·walter de Calthorpe, and their tenants, held a knight's fee in Harpley of the honour of vVarren.b The 34th Edw. I. (I 306) a fine was levied between John de Gourney, querent, and Sarra, who had been the wife of John de Kilbcy, deforcient, of the manor of Hillington, the right of John de Gourney, who granted it to Sarra for life, remainder to John son of Geoffry Wymer of Saham, and :Margaret his wife, in fee tail.C (App. LXII. No. 2.) In the 6th Edw. II. ( 1313) John de Gourney passed by fine to Richard de Thurston and Ada his wife, six messuages, 115 acres of land, with 15 shillings in rent, in that town, Runhall, &c.c1 In 1315 he was returned by the sheriff as Lord of the Manor of Harpley, and at the same time as having manors in Hingham, Brandeston, vVel­ burne, Reymerstone, and Harclingham.e

a Blome.field in I-Iarpley. b Feoda, Norff. 31 Edw. I. c Fine Norff. 34 Edw. I. d I3Jomefield in Thurston, or Thuxton. c Norris l.\ISS. Tunstead hundred, p. 55, A.D. 1316.] RIGHT OF KILLING GAME AT SWATHIXG. 343

"\Ve lun·e seen that this John de Gournay II. purchased all the manors lwlong·ing to his hrotlwr, "\Villiam de Gournay III., of which some of these ...-vere a part; but Brandeston and \Velburn he seems to have added to the e:-;tatP, also Saxthoq)e and I-lillington, and the manor of Uphall in Harpley. By what means he was wealthy enough to make these purchases, does not appear. In the 9th year of Eclw. II. (1316) John de Gournay im11leaded William de S-wathing respecting the right of coursing hares, &c. at Harclingham, as follmvs :- Norf. John de Gourney impleaded William de Swathing for entering by Yioknce, without his licence, on his free-warren at Swathing, as, on the Monday after the feast of St. l\Iichael, he had chased and taken 20 hares, 80 rabliits, ancl I 00 11artridges. 'William pleaded that Lewis de Gourney was lord, and held the manor at the conquest (that is, time out of mind) with free-warren, and enfeoffecl Arnold cle Swathing his predecessor of a moiety of the said manor, with free-warren, &c. and one Sewall, the sewer, ( dapifer ,) predecessor in this manor of William de Gourney, in the other moiety, from which 'William the same John who now brings the complaint hacl purchased his moiety; ancl by reason of the aforesaid moiety, he and his predecessors, time immemorial, used in one moiety as well as the other to chase hares at their will and pleasure.a (App. LXII. No. 3.) vVe see by thi,,; plea that John de Gnrnay, the -worthy priest of Harpley, vrns very tenacious of his ganw, as ,wll as of his manorial rights. This year also, 1316, 9 Edw. II. he settled the manor of Harpley on John de Gourney, son of Katharine, and Jane his wife, in tail, remainder to William and Edmund, brothers of John, his nephews. (App. LXII. No. 4.) The 13th of Edw. II. 1:319, Gilbert de Upegate released two pence rent to John Gurney, out of certain lands. (App LXII. No. 5.) By a deed dated at Harpley, Nov. 26th, 1325, 18 Eclw. II, \Valter, son of Robert de Meleford, grants to his lord, Sir John de Gurney, Rector of the church of Harpley, his messuage called Uphall, with ail the homages and senices of his free tenants, view of frank-p;edge, free bull and boar; all

a c\LlJreYiatio Placitorum, llot. 112, p. 321. 344 JOHN DE GOURNAY II. [PART II. perquisites of court, antl all other liberties late Ralph's son of vY alter tle Manor, with wards, reliefs, escheats, &c. with all the lantls that Marion, late v,ife of the said Walter, holds for life, being of his right and inheritance, and all the t~nements which Sir Henry de ·walpole, knight, and Thomas Elwyn of Houghton, held of the said Marion during herlife, and which after her death ought to descend to the said Walter and his heirs; the said John de Gourney paying one clove per annum. ·witnesses~ Sir Henry de vValpole, Thomas de Feltham, Ed­ mund Lawrence, Oliver de Massing:­ ham, Ralph de ·walsingham, ·William deHarpley. (Appendix LXII. No. 6.) And the said manor, tenements, &c. were, by deed of the said John de Gourney, dated on Monday the feast of St. Thomas the Apostle, in the 6th yearofKingEdw. III.(1332) grantecl to his nephew, J olm de Gourney, and Jane his wife, remainder to John their son and heir, and their beirs; to which was attached a seal of green wax, oval, about the size of a half­ crown, with the impress of some saint in an arch, the legend, "S. Joh'is de Gurnay."a (App. LXII. No. 7.) John de Gournay, the nephew, pre­ senting to the church at Harpley this year (1332), proves it also to be the date of the death of John, the rector and patron. In the chancel of Harp- ley church exists a slab of Purbeck

a Blomefield in H:irpley. A.D. ] 332] HIS T01IB AT HARPLEY. 345 marble, in memory of this John de Gurney. In the centre of the stone ha::i been an ecclesiastical figure under a canopy, with an escutcheon on either side: but the brass of all this is gone. Surrounding it is the follO\ving inscription, cut in the stone itself, and still perfectly legible-

" Hie jacet corpus Joh'is

In September 1829 rnme workmen, who were employed in making a grnTe near the stone, displaced it : they founcl it formed the lid of a stone grm·e or coffin about one and a half foot deep, two and a half feet wide, and fise feet eleven inches long, with three small holes at the bottom for the moisture to drain through into a reservoir beneath, about a foot in clepth. The skeleton of John de Gurnay was found with the l}ead resting; on a stone pillow, habited in the silk dress of a priest. On the feet the upper leathrrs of the shoes remained uninjured ; in the left hand was a sacramental cup, which from the description was probably copper gilt. Unfortunately the cup was taken away by the workmen, and could not be recoYerecl : the dress also ,vas much torn by them. The height of the body must have been about five feet eleven inches. The teeth were all perfect, not\vithstancling, from the fact of the manor having been con­ ,:eyecl to him, a priest, in 1294, and his not dying till 1332, he must haYe been sixty years of age at least at his death. Persons of distinction, in the middle ages, were buried habited in their dress of ceremony. Pennant, in his History of London, gives an inter­ esting account of the state in which the corpse of Edward I. ,vas found in his tomb at ·westminster Abbey. Subsequently King John was dis­ covered at vVorcester, and some of the later sovereigns at Windsor. The remains of an ancient Bishop of Durham, by some said to be Saint Cuth­ bert, were found in the cathedral there, clothed in a Saxon episcopal dress, ,Yith the name of the sempstress in Saxon characters worked upon it. J\Ir. Norris mentions a priest being found in a stone coffin at Diss with a sacramental cup: indeed the priests were generally buried in their sacer­ dotal dress, and ,vith a chalice. Monks and nuns also ,vere buried in the habits of their order. 346 JOHN' DE GOURXEY II. [PART II.

Co::\'TK'.l[PORARY with John de Gournay IL-In 1310 a fine was levied bet\Yeen 'William, son of Philip de Gourney, and Ellen his wife, querents, and Ela late wife of John de Calveley, of a mcssuage, tenement, &c. in Rcymerstone, the right of Ela, who granted it to William and Ellen for their lives."

a Fine N'or'r. 3d Edw. II. APP. LXII.] SAXTHORPE AND HILLINGTON. 347

APPENDIX LXII.

DOCU~!EXTS RELAT!XG TO JOHX DE GOURXAY II, PRIEST, RECTOR, AND PATROX OF IIARPLEY,

No. 1. vita ipsius Johannis quadraginta libras ster­ Pine 29th Eclwarcl I. ( 1301 ), Simon de lingorum ad duos terminos, scilicet mcdicta­ Crepping and Mcmd his wife, ancl John tem ad festum Sancti Michaelis et aliam medi­ de Ge1'nay (Gw·ney), of the lJfanm' of tatem ad Pascham, p~o omni servitio, consuetu­ Sa:rt!w11Je. dine et exactione ad predictum Johanncm ct Hcec est finalis concordia facta in curia hcredes suos pertinentes. Et faciendo inde Domini Tiegis apud Eboracurn in octavis Sancti capitalibus dominis feodi illius pro predicto .T ohannis Baptiste, anno Regni Regis Edwardi .Johanne et heredibus suis omnia alia scrvitia filii RPgis Henrici vicesimo nono, coram que ad illa tcnerncnta pertinent. Et post de­ .T oh:rnne de l\Ietyngham, \Villelmo de Bere­ cessum ipsius J ohannis, predictus Simon ct ford, Elia de Bekyneham, Petro Malorre, Wil­ Matilda ct hcredes sui prcdicti erunt quicti de lelrno Howard, et Lamberto de Trykyngham, solutione predictorum denariorum per annum in justiciariis, et aliis Domini Regis fidelibus tune perpetuum. Et si contingat quad prcdictus ibi prcscntibus; inter Sirnonem de Creppinge et Simon obierit sine herede de corpore ipsius lVIatildam uxorcm ejus querentes, et Johannem :Matilde prcdicte, tune post decessum ipsius de Gerney dcforciantcm, de mancrio in Sax­ Simonis et Matilde predictorurn tencmenta cum thorpc, cum pertinentiis, et de uno messuagio, pertinentiis integre manelmnt rectis heredibus centum ct decem acris terre, oeto acris prati, ipsius Simonis tencnda de capitalibus dominis octo acris pasture et decem solidatis redditus feodi illius per servitia que ad illa tenementa cum pertinentiis in Corpcsti et Saxthorpe. pertinent in perpetuum. Unde placitum conventionis summonitum fuit No.2. inter eos in eadem curia, scilicet quod predictus Simon recognovit predicta tenementa cum Pine between John de Gow·na!J and Roge1· pertinentiis esse jus ipsius J ohannis, ut illa de K!Jlby, of the 111anor qfIJillingtoii, 34th que idem .T obannes ha bet de dona predicti Si­ Edward I. (1306). moms. Et pro hac recognitione fine et con­ Hcec est finalis concordia facta in Curia Do­ corclia idem .Johannes concessit predictis Simoni mini Regis apud \V cstmonasterium a die Sancte ct Matilde predicta tenementa cum pertinentiis. Trinitatis in quindecim dies anno regni Regis Et illa eis rcdclidit in eadem curia, habencla et Edwardi filii Regis Henrici tricesimo quarto, tcnenda cisc1em Simoni ct Matilde, et heredibus coram Radulfo de Hengham, Willelmo de quos idem Simon de corporc ipsius Matilde Bereford, Elia de Bckyngham, Petro Malow, procrcat, de predicto ,Johanne et heredibus suis \Villclmo Howard, Lamberto de Trekingharn, in perpetuum, Heddendo inde per annum tota Hervico de Staunton, justiciariis, et aliis Domini 2 z 348 JOHN DE GOURNA Y II. [ PART II.

Ht>gis fidelibus tune ibi presentibus, inter Johan­ Willclmus de Swathing attachiatus fuit ad n em de Gurnay querentcm, et Sarram quc fuit rcspondrndum Johanni de Gurnay de placito uxor Rogcri de Kylby deforcientem, de manerio quare vi et armis liLeram warcnnam ipsius de Billington cum pertinentiis. Unde placitum Johannis de Gurnay apud Swathingc intravit convencionis ·summonitum fuit inter eos in et in ea sine ]icentia et voluntate sua fngavit, et cadem curia, scilicct quod prcdicta Sarra recog­ lepores, cuniculos et perdices cepit et asportavit, novit predictum manerium cum pcrtinentiis esse et alia enorrnia, &e. ad grave damnum, &c. et jus ipsius Johannis, ut illud quod idem Johannes contra pacern, &c. Et uncle queritur quod habct de dono predicte Sarre, et pro hac recog­ predictus vVillelmus die Lune proxima post nitionc fine et concordia idem Johannes con­ festum Sancti l\Iichaelis anno n•gni Hegis cessit predicte Sarre predictum manerium cum nunc septimo liberam warennam ipsius Jo­ pertinentiis, et illud eis reddidit in eadem curia, hannis apnd Swathing intravit, ct in ea sine habendum et tenendum eidem Sarre de capitali­ licentia et voluntate sua fngavit, et viginti bus dominis feodi illins per servitia que ad lepores quatuor viginti cuniculos et centum illud manerium pertinent tota vita illins Sarre. perdices cepit et asportavit. Uncle dicit quod Et post dccessum ipsins Sarre predictnm rnane­ deterioratus est et damnum habet ad valentiam rinm cum pertinentiis integre remancbit Johanni centum librarum. Et uncle perducit sectarn, filio Galfridi ,vymer de Saham et l\fargarite &c. Et predictus Willelmns de Swathing venit uxori ejus et heredibus quos idem Johannes et defendit vim et injuriam quanclo, &c. ct dicit filius Galfridi de corpore ipsius Margarite pro­ qnod nihil contra pacem domini Hegis fecit. creat, tenenclum de capitalibns dominis f'eodi Dicit enim qnod quidarn Lothewicns de Gurnay illius per servitia qne ad illud manerium perti­ tcmpore conquestns tenuit Maneruim de Swa­ nent in perpetuum. Et si contingat qnod pre­ thingc integre warrennatum, qui quidem Lo­ dictus Johannes filius Galfndi obierit sine thewicns feoffavit qucmdam Arnaldum de herede de corpore ipsius Margarite procreato, Swathinge antccessorem predicti ,villelrni de tune post deccssum utriusque ipsorum Johannis Swathinge de medietate Manerii de Swathinge et l\Targarite, predictum maneriurn cum perti­ cum warrenna cum omnibus pertinentiis, nentiis integre remanebit rectis heredibus ipsius &c. et quemdam Sewallum Dapiforum ante­ Johannis filii Galfridi, tenendum de capitalibus cessorem Willelmi de Gnrnay de alia rne­ dominis fcodi illius per servitia que ad illud dietate ejusdem Manerii, &c. de quo idem manerinm pertinent in perpetuum. Johannes qui modo queritur eandem medi­ etatem cum pertinentiis, &c. perqnisivit. Unde No. 3. elicit quod ratione medietatis Manerii, &c. tam Inter Recorda in Thesaurario Curie Recepte ipse quam omnes antece,sores sui a tempore Scaccarii asservata: viz. in Rotulo indorsato quo non extat memoria in una medietate et alia corarn rege Trin. 8 Ed. 2, continetur ut sequitur. fugavit lepores et cuniculos pro voluntate, &c. Placita corarn domino Rege apud vVestmo­ cepit et asportavit sicut ei bene licuit. Et quod nasterium de termino Sancte Trinitatis anno ita sit ponit se super patriam, &c. Et pre­ regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi oc­ dictus Johannes elicit qnod predictus Willelmus tavo. (1314.) nee antecessores sni ratione rnedietatis, &c. vel Adhuc de quindena Sancti Johannis Baptiste. alterius tenementi, &e. in predicta villa de Swa- APP. LXII.] PLEA RESPECTING GAME AT SWATHING. 349

thing aliquam warrcnnam tcmporibus retroactis was the one living in the reign of Henry II., habuerit, nee idem \Villdmus habere debet, &c. Richard I., and John. sed

Domino Johanni de Gorney Rectori Ecc1esie omnibus aliis libertatibus, &c. que quondam ,1e Harple et hcredibus, &c. unum messnaginm Radulfus filius W alteri de Maners cum perti­ meum quod vocatur Uphalle et omnia homagia ncntiis in Harple cum wardis, relcviis, &c. et servicia libcrorum tenentium meornm una Concessi ctiam eisdem Johanni, &c. onmia ct cum visu franci plegii, libero tauro, et libero singula tenementa quie Mariota qme fuit uxor apro, ct pcrqui,itis curiarum, cum aliis 1iberta­ \Valteri le Maners tenet ad terminum vite sue tibus, quc quondam fuerunt Radulfi filii \Valteri de jure et hereditarie, et omnia tenemcnta que de Maneys cum pertinentiis in Harplee, cum Dominus Henricus de Walpole miles, Galfridus \Vardis, rcleviis, &c. Concessi ctiam eidem filius Asceline de Harple, et Thomas Elcwyn Domino Johanni quod omnia tenemcnta qne de Howton, tcnent ex dirnissione predicte Ma­ Mariona que fuit uxor Walteri le Maneys tenet riote ad tcrminum vitc predicte Mariote cum ad terminD;m vite sue de jure et hereditate mea pertincntiis in Harp le, et alibi, &c. In c11j us, &c. et omnia tenementa que dominus Henricus de His testibus Domino Henrico de \Val pole, Thoma Walpole miles, Galfridns filius Asceline de de Feldham, Edmundo filio \Villelmi, Hadulfo de Harplee, et Thomas Elwyn de Howton tenent ·Walsingham, \Villelmo de Upgate, Jacobo de ex dimissione predicte l\farione ad terminum Depedale, Godefrido filio A seline, et aliis. Datum vite ejusdcm Marione in Harplce et alibi, et apud Harple die Lune in festo Sancti Thome qnc post mortem ejusdcm l\Iarione mihi ct Apostoli, anno Hcgni Hcgis Edwardi tcrtii heredibus mcis reverti deberunt post mortem sexto.f predicte ]Harione, predicto domino Johanni si Ex autogr. pcnes P. Le Neve, Norroy. tune temporis fuerit superstes integre remaneat, Of the feudal rights mentioned in these two reddendo annuatim unum clovum gariofili, &c. charters (G and 7), view qf frank pledge, or In cujus, &c. His tcstibus, Domino Henrico court leet, is held once a year within any pnrti­ de Walpo1e milite, Thoma de Feltham, Ed­ cular lordship for the preservation of the peace, mundo Laurent, Oliverio de Massingham, Ra­ originally to view the frank pledges or free men, dulfo de Walsingham, Willelmo de Harplee, who were mutually pledges for the good con­ &c. Datum apud Harplee 26° Novr. anno regni duct of each other. t Regis Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi 18°. (1324)"' 'fVard was the wardship of minors, whereby Ex autogr. penes Petr. Le Neve. the GUstody of their body and lands accrued to the lord, until they came of age, without any No. 7. account of profits.§ Relief was the fine paid to the lord for tak, Sciant, &c. quod ego Johannes de Gurnay, ing up an estate lapsed or fallen by death. II rector Ecclcsie de Harpelce, concessi Johanni Escheat was where the land reverte,1 to the de Gurnay nepoti mco, Johanne nxori sue, et lord from want of heir of the tenant, or from Johanni filio eorum et heredibus ipsius Johannis corruption of blood by treason or felony. ,r unum messuagium meum vocatum Uphalle et omnia homagia et servitia liberorum tenentium ·r Uphall man' in Ifarple, 6 Edw. III. 1331. ibid. meorum, una cum visu franci plegii, libero tauro, + Blackstone, Com. Book IV. chap. 1D, sec, 10, ct libero a pro, placitis et perquisitis curiarum et § Ibi

JOHN DE GURNAY III.

SoN of '-Villiam, is he on whom, and his wife Jane, his uncle John de Gurney, rector and patron of Harpley, settled lands in that place, &c. the 9th of Edward II. and 6th of Edward III. by which settlements we find he had two brothers, William and Edmund, of whom nothing further is known (Appendix LXII. No. 5 and 7), In 1332 he presented Thomas Spendlove to the living of Harpley_a He married Jane daughter of Edmund De Lexham, who, in the 17th EFakenham, as early as the reign of Richard I. Their arms were, Gules, a swan argent, membered and beaked gules.c

RICHARD DE LEXn,rn, 8 Ric. I. 1197.

J OIC'! DE LEXHA)I.=j= .•....

Emrn:-rn DE LEXIIA'1, Lord of Norton, 6 Edw. I. 1278.=,= ......

JoIIN DE LEXHAM, 26 Edw. I. 129S.=,= ...... r °MATILDA.=j=EDMUND DE LEXILDI. r---..t-, JonN DE GoRNAY.=JANE. N. N.=j=(probably) OSBEUT DE 1foNDEl'OUD, who inherited the m'1nors of the Lexhams. Edmund Gurney, grandson of this John, held lands and a fold course in Newton, the next parish to Lexham, which he probably inherited from the De Lexhams.d

" Blomefield, in Harplcy. 0 Blomefield, in Lcxham. c Ancient l\IS. of Arms, lately the Ilev. T. Talbot's. cl Blomeficld, in Newton by Castle Acre. 3.:52 JOHN DE GO URN A Y III. [PART IT.

PORCH, HARPLEY CHURCH,

The present church at Harpley was built about the period of this John de Gournay III. ; it is a fine specimen of what is now called the perpendi­ cular pointed architecture. It is said to have been erected by Sir Robert Knowles, celebrated in the wars of Edward III. and in the assistance he rendered in the suppression of Wat Tyler's rebellion under Richard II. He acquired great wealth, and died at his manor of Sculthorpe, in Nor­ folk, in 1407, having endowed many religious foundations. He was governor of the town of Gournay during some of Edward III.'s successful campaigns.a John Knowles, brother of Sir Robert, and prior of Coxford, in Norfolk, was rector of Harpley in 137 4. The Gurneys, I doubt not, contributed largely to the building of Harp­ Iey church. It seems likely that John de Gurnay, the priest and rector, was the original promoter of the building, which would be some years· in completion. The arms of John Drew, rector of Harpley in 1389, occur on the frieze outside.

a M. De La Mairie, Hist. de Gournay. lfAllPLEY CHUH.CH, :\'ORFOLK.

A.D. 1332.] CHURCH AT HARPLEY. 353

ENTRANCE DOOR. On the battlements of the frieze, over the south aisle of Harpley Church, are the arms of the Black Prince, of the wife of Sir Robert Knowles, of Gurney, and many others. A fess clancette between three roses. (VVife of Knowles.) An engrailecl cross. (Gurney.) A gridiron. ( St. Lawrence, to whom the church is dedicated.) A fess between three roses, On a chevron three roses. (Drew.) Chequy. (Warren.) A shield quarterly, with a bendlet. (Bokenham ?) A cross lozengy. (Fotheringay ?) A fess between two chevronels. (Fitzwalter or Walpole.) Three chevron els. (Clare.) Three cinqfoils. (Bardolf.) A fess engrailed between three catharine wheels. A fess bet,veen three mullets. 354 JOHN DE GOU RNA Y III. [ PART II.

Three ostrich feathers. (Edward the Black Prince.) A shield gyronny of twelve. (Bassingbourne.) A bend between six cross crosslets. (Howard.) A fess between three cross crosslets. (Beauchamp or St. Omer.) Six escallop shells. , Scales.) Gyronny of eight pieces. A shield paly, on a canton sinister a lion passant gardant. Chequy, on a crescent fesswise three cinqfoils. (De Burnham or Fitz Philip.) Chequy, a fess ermine. (Calthorpe.) A plain cross. (St. George, or the priory of Norwich.) The present structure of Harpley church is of later date than the marble slab monument of John de Gurnay. The font is of Norman architecture.

FONT, HARPLEY CHURCH.

There is at this time but one coat of arms remaining in the glass at Harpley church, that of Sir Simon de Noiers, a knight whose name appears in Edward III.'s list of Norfolk knights; he bore, Vairy argent and gules / it is in one of the windows of the chancel. But in Mr. N orris's time there was also-Gurney, Argent, a cross engrailed gules ; and Bassing­ bourne, Gyrony of eight, or and azure.h

Antiquarian Repertory.

b Norris MSS. Church Collections in Harpley. :Frieze on the South Isle of the C1mrc11 of H«:rp1ey, in the Couni)· of Korfolk. 7l;e;p (l;z,/l)'Ba1tlc11?mlJ',. 1wo J'liicktr upo12 ead, those S/2tch'J· 11whrl mtli mz rr.sknjl: rm: l'IJ)t?rtfed 1710Rt/;e J'tz/lltf.llaflleme11l:

~-...:,.,:. _::.:_;:;1;,·... -'---.....:..,""-,~-'-'--...:.-l <

12• 13 7• JO 10 11' ,-,;,-:,•;-1:,-t:-:·:-,·-7•7::, k~: ;;Yi'~\<~ ~.~0-~~s·-N\J!••>~,.i(.I\ . .•. ' -, ','11 I tt';~IE''.~JL ::"~~- __,__;_:·,... _..,...__-.,...-,,.,.-- -- ill, '(~;

15* I • .19 ::r;,1;r,\. ..: ~' .•: ; '., ,\~: \~ '

\ \~ \..,_ '-',('l,

A.D. 1332.] CHURCH AT HARPLEY. 355

1'01EllS. GUll:'IEY. K\SSINGBOUllNE.

There ·is also a fine oak roof to the church with a deep cornice, in ·which, at intel'vals, are cherubs, some holding shields, argent, charged with a cross engrailed gules.

At the north side of the chancel is a ruined sacristy. The cemetery of the early lords of this manor was, probably, the chantry at the east end of the south isle, but the tomb of John de Gournay is in the chancel; and Thomas de Gournay, in l 468, directed by his will that if he died at Harpley he should be buried in the chancel of the church of St. Lawrence there. 3A 356

JOHN DE GOURNEY IV.

SoN and heir of John de Gurney and Joan his wife, occurs in the deed of John, rector and patron of Harpley, 6th Edward III. ( I 331)." In 1332, either he or his father presented to the church of Harpley; but more probably this John de Gurney, as he is called John de Gurney junior.b It was this John de Gurney who was Lord of Harpley, and held his court there on Friday the vigil of St. Laurence, 28th Edward III. (1354).C

a Addit. MSS. :\Ius. Brit. No. 8,841, fol. 112, in Harpley. App. LXII. No. 7. b Ibid.

c Blomefield, in Harpley, vol. viii. 455, MSS. ut supra.

SOUTII SIDE OF CHANCEL, IIARPLEY CHURCH. 357

EDl\IUND DE GURNEY,

So:-s and heir of the before mentioned John de Gourney IV.a kept his first court at Harpley in 1354, on Thursday next before the feast of the conversion of St. Paul, and in the 34th year of Edward III. (1360) pre­ sented Hugh de \Vauncy to the living of Harpley.b He ma.rriecl Katharine, daughter of " \Villiam de \Vauncye, chevallier;' who granted to them both and their heirs a present yearly, and all rents of l 00 marks, to be levied out of his manors of West Barsham and Denver, with a clause of distress in every part of each for default of payment, elated 31 Edward III. (1357).c "The said deed of \Vauncy, sealed with a splayed Falcon on a scutcheon."d (App. LXIII. No. 7). In the 41 st of Edward III. ( I 367) a fine was levied between Edmund de Gurney and Katharine his wife, querents, and Thomas de Beeston, trustees, &c. defendants, of the moiety of the manor of West Barsham, settled on Edmund and Katharine in taite This Katharine was sister and eventually heir of Sir Edmund de Wauncy, who was Lord of \Vest Barsharn, 30 Edward III. (1356), who died in 13i2, leaving by Joan his ·wife Edmund his son and heir, aged seven years. This child died soon after; and on his death the lordship of \Vest Barsham came to Edmund de Gurney, in right of his wife, daughter of Sir William, and sister and heir of Sir Edmund de Wauncy_f An indenture of lease was made between Edmund de Gurney, lord of the manor of West Barsham, and one Henry \Voodward, for 180 years, dated at \Vest Bc:rsham the Sunday next after the feast of St. Petronilla the Virgin, in the 5 l st year of Ed ward III. His seal, the cross engrailed. (App. LXIII. No. 7).

a Norris ;\ISS. Collection. Spelman :.\ISS. b Blomefield, in 1-Iarpley. c ::S-:orris :\ISS.; Church Collections, \Vest Barsham, p. 384.

cl Spelman '.\ISS. Gurney Pedigree. e Blumcfield, in \\'c,t Barsharn, vol. vii. 42. f Ibid. 358 ED::\IUND DE GURNEY. [PART II.

This Edmund de Gurney was a lawyer, and, as it seems, of eminence. In the close and patent rolls are many notices of him. Edmund de Gurney granted to John de Merworthe, knight, annually for his life £20, issuing out of all Gourney's lands, &c. in Norfolk and Suffolk, 36 Edward IIP Edmund de Gourney was one of the justices named in a special com­ mission for trying offenders who had made a forcible entry upon the manor of l\fonden (Suffolk), belonging to Hugh de Hastings, by patent roll elated Westminster, l 0th October, 40 Edward IIJ.h Edmund . de Gurney was a special commissioner for inquiring into nuisances and trespasses committed upon Queen Philippa's manor of Fakenham, by patent roll tested at ·westminster 19 May, 41 Edward nr.c In 41 Edward III., 1367, he, together with Edmund de Clipesby and Sir Roger de Felbrigg, were arbitrators to settle the differences and dis­ putes between the prior of Norwich and the prioress of Carrow ;<1 and these two, Clipesby and Gurney, were the standing council for the city of Norwich, in the nature of recorder and steward. Mr. Norris conjectures that his house in Norwich was Gurney's Place in St. Julian's parish, in a

--~-w:-.';.J-.·,·-. ---~,-~]·.~---.. -...-~ window of which house Mr. Kirkpatrick saw his arms , , impaling one of the coats of de W auncy,e Gules, 3 dexter hand gloves pointed downwards argent. This · , coat is now to be seen in a window of Denton church in Norfolk. We cannot find what precise legal office Edmund de Gourney and Edmund de Clipesby held at Nor­ wich. Blomefield does not state whether any law officers are mentioned in the ancient charters of the city or not. The earliest notice of a recorder or steward of Norwich is in the 2 Henry V., 1412, when an agreement was entered into by the mayor, sheriffs, and commonalty to put an end to their disputes on certain terms, and " the Recorder or Deputy" is named/

a Cl. m. 22 dors. b Pat. 40 Edward III. p. 2, m. 25 dors.

c Pat. p. 1, m. 20 dors. d Rot. de Carrow, 41 Edward III. in Norris MSS, e Norris MSS. Miscel. Papers, and Gurney Pedigree in Tunstead hundred. 1 I3lomefield, in :Norwich. A.D. 136i.] GURNEY FAMILY IN NORWICH. 359

This is the first member of the Gurnr.y family of whose connection with Norwich any record remains. His descendants in the vVest Barsham line, ·which manor continued in the family until 1660, had, like most of the Norfolk gentry, a house in that city. Henry Gurney of Norwich died intestate in 1443. Thomas Gurney, of "\Vest Barsham, who died in 14i I, mentions in his will his house in St. Gregory's parish.a "\Villiam Gurney, who died in I 508, had a house in Pockthorpe, a part of Norwich.b Anthony Gurney, who died in 1556, possessed Gurney's Place, in St. Julian's parish, before mentioned.c Younger branches of the family settled at Norwich. Dorothy Gurney, sister of Edward Gurney, Esq. of vVest Barsham, was of St. George's, Tom bland, in 1641. Thomas Gurney buried his wife in the cathedral sometime before 1660. John Gurney, ancestor of the present family, was of the parish of St. Gregory, in 1690; his children were settled in St. Augustin's parish, and his descendants continue to hold property in Norwich and its neighbourhood. Edmund de Gurney frequently occurs in the ancient records. In 1369, a fine was levied between him and Edmund de Clipesby, querents, and Thomas Eustace, of Felmingham, defendants, of the third part, of certain lands, &c. in Stalham, Scrouteby, Clipesby, Burgh in Flegg, Martham, and Bastwick, which Agnes, who had been the wife of John in the vVillows, holds for her life, the right of Edmund Gurney.cl In 1369, 43 Edw. III. the manor of Swathings, in Hardingham, was granted to Sir Hamon Felton, knt. for life; in remainder to Edmund Gurney and Katharine his wife, and

John their son in tail. e The same year, Edmund de Gourneye was ordered to inquire into the circumstances attending the plundering of the "Seinte Marie," Jacob Henryson, master, in Kirkley Roads. "\Vestminster, 12 May.t

" Hegister Jekkys, 211 B. Norris :USS.

u Dodsworth :\IS. c ::\'orris ::\ISS. Tunstead, p. 64.

rl Fine Nor!f. 43 Edward III. Norris i\ISS. e Blomefield, in Hardingham. 1 Fat. 43 Edward III. p. :2, m. 4-! dors. 3GO EDMUND DE GURNEY. [ PART II.

Edmund de Gourney was one of the justices of the peace (but not of the quorum) for Norfolk, l0th Nov. 44 Edw. III.a The quorum justices were Roger de Meres and John de Fen cotes. The same year, Eclmuncl de Gourney was to inquire into the ward­ ships, escheats, forfeitures, &c. concealed from the crown.b In 1370, he was one of the commissioners appointed to settle the dispute between the inhabitants of Yarmouth ancl those of Leystoft, about annex­ ing Kirkley Road to the haven of Great Y armouth.c The dispute in question originated in including Kirkley Road within the limit~ of the port of Great Yarmouth, where many ships were at that time obliged to unload, from the haven at Yarmouth being choked up. After a suit of six years and great opposition, the inhabitants of Yarmouth succeeded, as appears by a charter of Edw. III. for the union of the two ports, in the 4th year of his reign, 1370.d In 1370 and 1374 Edmund de Gurney was at Lynn, and, with other justices of the peace, held the sessions or gaol delivery there, as appears by entries in the chamberlain's account rolls in the possession of the Lynn corporation. See App. LXIV. In two fines he seems to have been a trustee for Clipesby ; in 1373, he presented, as feoffee in trust with others, to the church of Ryburgh Mag·na.e The same year he occurs as witness to a license granted by ·williarn de Bardolf to the prior and convent of Norwich, to take in mort­ main certain lands and tenements holden of him. The Lord Morley, the Lord Scales, and divers knights, &c. were witnesses along with himf Alienation of lands by mortmain is to any corporation, ecclesiastical or temporal. From the constitutions of Clarendon, in the reign of Henry II. to the time of Henry VIII. the statute book is full of enactments to check gifts by mortrnain; which the clergy were constantly endeavouring

a Pat. 44 Edw. III. p. 1, m. 36 d. b Pat. p. 3, m. 6 d. c Swindcn's History of Yarmouth. ct J3Iomefield, in Yarmouth. e Inst. lib. fol. 19, Norris l\IS8. f HPg. I ;\Iun. Pr. et Con. pcnes Dec. et Cap. fol. 249 A, Norris MSS. A.D. ] 3i3.] THE "SEINTE MARIE" OF YARMOUTH. 361 to evade. The license necessary for this process originated in the feudal restraints over the alienation of lands; and by statute 34 Eclw. I. chap. 3, the king's license was not effectual without the consent of the mesne lord, of "·bich the pr.esent license of \Yilliam Bardolf is an instance.a The 47th Edw. III. 1373, Edmund Gourney was a commissioner to inquire into the damages alleged to have been sustained by Hugh de Fastolf, whose vessel the "Seinte Marie" of Yarmouth, freighted with wines from Gascony, and cast upon the shore nigh Kirkley Road, had been unjustly seized as a wreck. Dated Westminster, 20 Feb. In l 3i 4 a fi~e was levied between Edmund Gurney and others, querents, aml Sir ·William Morley, knt. defendant, of the manor of Hingham, the hundred of Forehowe, and the advowson of the church of Hingham, in Norfolk, the right of Edmund Gurney, who granted to Sir :William Morley for life; John Harling held the hundred for life, with remainder to Thomas son of vVilliam Morleyb for life, and to Joan his wife for life.C The lordship of all the hundreds was originally in the king, and the sheriff of the county had charge of them. Matters spiritual as well as temporal were tried in the hundred courts before the reign of William the Conqueror; the archdeacon or rural dean presiding with the sheriffs. Many hundreds were at different times granted away to subjects. The fees of court-rents and payments from manors constituted the profits of the hundred, which in some instances rose to a large amount. The half hundred of Luddinglancl, in Suffolk, 34 Eclw. I., was valued at 100 marks per annum/ by the 2 Edw. III. chap. 12, the grants of hundreds to indivi­ duals were prevented for the future.e The same year Edmund Gurney presented as a feoffee with others to the church of Wood Norton.f

a Blackstone's Commentaries, book ii. chap. 18.

1, Sec Blomcfield, vol. ii. p. 436, where he considers this Joan, wife of Thomas Morley, was a Gournay. c Fine Norff. 48 Edward III. Norris MSS. clera, vol. ii. p. 1030. e Norris MSS. East Flegg, p. 2. f Inst. fol. 30, lib. 6; Norris MSS. 362 EDl\IUND DE GURNEY. [PART II.

In 137 5 he was a legatee of John Leeche of Egmere, parson of Mas-­ singham Magna.a The same year he presented to the church of Garboldisham. t The 49 Edw. III. (1375), Edmund Gourneye was one of the special commissioners for trying the offenders who seized two boats or barges laden with corn belonging to Sir Hugh Burnell and Sir "William Kerdesdcn at East Riston, dated in April.c The 49 Edward III., Edmund Gurney was in the commission of the peace for Norfolk. vVestminster, 4 February ; the other justices being ,vmelmu~ de Ufford, Earl of Suffolk, vVillelmus Bardolf de \Virmegay, Robertus de Morle, Johannes de Cavendish, ""\Villelmus de vVychingham, Robertus Howard, Johannes Holt, Johannes Harlyng, vVillelmus Clere, Reginaldus de Eccles, Johannes de Holkham.u Edmund Gourney was in the special commission issued for the trial of offenders who had made a forcible entry upon the manor of Stratton belonging to Philippa widow of Guy de Beauchamp. vVestminster, 28th February/ Edmundus de Gournay vrns one of the commissioners for inquiring into frauds in relation to the collection of the customs. ""\Vestminster, 15th Februaryf Edmun

a Reg. Heydon, fol. 113; Norris NISS. b l3lomeficld.

c CJ. 49 E

" Carta inter Mun. Dec. et Cap. Norw. capsula quinta, Norris MSS. 1 ' Inst. liber vi. fol. 70. Norris MS. c Ibid. fol. 73. Norris MSS. ti I3lomefield. e Inst. liber vi. fol. 115. Norris MSS. t Reg. Ilarsyke, fol. 34, in the Bishop's office at Norwich.

g I3lomcfield in West Barsham, vol. vii. p. 42. h Pedigree by Cook, Clarenceux, 1622. 1 Taylor's Index Monasticus. " Dngdalt''s ~Ion. vol. vi. p. 7 4,

3 B 364 EDMUND DE GURNEY. [PART II.

APPENDIX LXIII.

ON THE FAMILY OF DE WAUNCY.

The ancient family of Waunci or ,vauncy is manerii et tres socmannos ejusdem manerii; undoubtedly of Norman origin. M. de la unurn molendinurn ad Illandam. Omnes quoque Mairie,11e the historian of Gournay, thinks it homines sui francigene decimas suas dederunt, likely they .came from ,vanchy or Yancy, a scilicct, \\'illclmus Talebot, Osbernns de De­ place near Neufchatel, in Normandy, in the nevella, Radulfus de \Vanci, Euremundus, Ha­ department of the Seine Infcrieure. This dulfus Crispus, Goscelcnus, \Valeranus, Lect­ family was seated at ,vest Barsham in Norfolk merus, I3rungarus."~ In a second charter of at the time of the Survey, when Hugo de the same Earl, c_onfirming former gifts to \\'anci held that manor under the Earl ·warren, Castle-Acre, is a recitation of the above, with at which period it contained 4 carucates of land this addition-" Et post obi tum ipsius ( Hugonis in demesne, and 5 amongst the men, &c. ; 3 de Wanci) Radulfus filius ejus dedit molen­ acres of meadow, 4 mills, &c. ; 6 socmen had dinum de ponte de Barsham et 3 cotarios et half a carucate, ancl 3 bordarers with 2 caru­ 60 acras brucriarum ct tres socmannos ejnsdcm cates, and a church endowed with 100 acres of manerii qui manent apud Snari11gas. Onmcs land.t The De \Vauncys also held a manor in quoque francigene sui decimas suas dederunt. Denver, with lands in that neighbourhood, and Hee omnia lladulfus et Rogerus filii ejus the manor of Dcpeden in Suffolk. posucrunt super altare S. JVIarie. Test<' lto­ In the year 1085 Hugh de Wanci witnessed gero du]Jiforo, Petro Chanewicts, Ilicardo de the deed of "William first Earl of "Warren and Sancto Claro, Radulfo filio Hachene, Herelwino Surrey, by which he gave churches and lands de Paneworde, Gaufrido de Favarces, \Villelmo to Castle-Acre Priory.t Hugh de ,vunci oc­ filio Lesteini." [I curs also in the deed of William second Earl of Ralf de \Vanci seems also to hav,: had \ Varrcn and Surrey, to the same foundation, another son, besides the Ralf und Hoger men­ not merely as a witness, but also as giving tioned in the charter, namely Hugh, who was churcl1es himself. The passage is as follows: his heir, and therefore doubtless the eldest of " Hugo quoque de \Vunci dedit ccclcsiam de the three, wl10 by deed sans date granted to Depeden et tcrram que ad cam pertinet ct de­ Castle-Acre Priory his land of \Vest I3ursham, cimam ejusdem manerii. Ecclesiam de l3ar­ as Esmod or Osmod, his aunt, had granted it. sham cum terra ad earn pertinente, et decimam She was married to Philip de Vealtre, and had * :Supplement, p. 60. given it to Castle-Acre; but Hugh had enterecl t Domesday, vol. ii. p. 16S. Blomefield in West on it, and now granted it for the soul of nalf Barsham, vol. vii. p. 42. t Dugdale's l\Ionast. new edit. vol. v. p. 49. § Dugdule's Monast. new edit, vol. v. p. 50. !I Ibid. APP. LXIII.] FA1ilLY OF DE WAUNCY. 365

his father, and Osmod his aunt, the convent \\Talter, Edward, Thomas, Nicholas, Robert g-iving him five marks, and two to his wife, on and Hugh, sons of Sir \Villiam.** his quitting claim to all the cattle, which he In the same reign (Edward I.) William de took from the aforesaid land, valued at four vVauncy had free warren in \Vest Barsham.t t marks, which O:m10d ·his aunt had left for her This \Villiarn also was summoned in 1301, ;,,oul, &c. \\'itnesses, Hugh de Gournay, Roger from the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, to de Stoatville, &c.* \Valter de Wam1ci con­ perform military service against the Scots : firmed this gift of his father, and is probably muster at Berwick-upon-Tweed, on the Nativity the same vValter who was summoned, the 26 of Saint John the Baptist, 24th June.!( Edw. I., 1297, to perform military service The first year of Edward III. he held the against the Scots: m,uster at Newcastle-upon­ eighth part of a fee in North Barsham of the Tyne, t on the feast of St. Nicholas, 6 Dec. 13nt honor of Clare ; the heiress Joanna being then Sir \Yilliam de \Vaunci was the son and heir wife of David de Strabolgi, Earl of Athol,§§ of Sir Hugh, and was living in the time of and probably died the same year. Henry Ill. in \Yhich reign he is enrolled among His son, the third William, was knight of the Suffolk knights,! By a writ dated at West­ the shire for Norfolk, 15 Edward III.; and the minster, 30 Aug. 1293, Sir William de Waunci 20th of the same King ( 1347) held one foe at is enjoined to repair with horses and arms to a \Vest 13arsham, of the Earl of Warren,1111 station on the se:1-shore, either in Norfolk or Sir Edmund de \Vauncy was lord of Depe­ Suffolk,§ for the defence there against the den and \Vest 13arsham the 30th of Edward III. French, and to enforce the same service from He served in the wars in France, and had the !1is tenants. Also to appear with horses and royal protection, being in the king's service in arms before Edward the king's son, and lieute­ Gascoine.~f ~T He died in 1372, * and was buried nant in England, at Rochester, on Sunday the in St. l\Tary's church at Bury, leaving an only Nativity of the Virgin, 8 September, 1297,11 son Edmund, nged seven, who died soon after; In 1298 Dornim!s \\'illiam de \Vauncy was upon which the two sisters of Sir Edmund be. returned knight of the shire for Norfolk, to came his coheirs,-Katharine, married to Ed­ the Parliament summoned to meet at York, mund de Gurney, and Johanna, wife of l::,ir \Vhitsuntide, 5 :\Iay (temp. Edward I.)~ This Nicholas Damory, knight, who had for her por­ we take to be she son of the first \Villiam de tion Depeden in Suffolk, to the living of which, \Vauncy, and the person to whom Giles de as the widow of Sir Nicholas, she presented in \\'aunci granted the manors of \Vest l3arsham 1397 ; but dying without issue, that manor, as and Dqicdt•n for life, remainder to \Villiam, son of Sir \Villiam, and his heirs, remainder to ** B!omefielcl in West Barsham. it Rotuli 1-Iundrmlorum, 521. • lllorndicld in "\Ve,t Darsham, quoting Reg. Castle :):t Parliamentary Writs, il,id. Acre, fol. :Ji. §§ Calend. Inquis. post mortem, 1 Et!w, III. vol. "· -~ l'arli:uncntary "' rits, vol. i, p. 893. p. 5. :;: Auti,piariau Repertory, vol. i, p. U3. 1111 Dlomefield in West Barslrnm. § Parliamentary \V rits, ibid. 'J'if Rymer, ml. v. p. 849. Ibi

\\'ell as those of \Vest Barsham and Denver in Sir William de Norfolk, all of the inheritance of the De vVauncy seals with a \Vauncys, reverted to the Gourneys. splayed falcon in a scutcheon ;t and the In a roll of arms of Gurneys in the armo­ the reign of Edw. III. rial pedigree at Wal­ is "Monsire Daumary singh:}m always quar­ porte, Unde argent et ter for \Vauncy,Gules, gules de vi. peeces ;"'11- a displayed falcon ar­ in a roll of Edward II. gent. In the windows of \Vest Barsham " Sir Richard Ammori, church remain the Oun dee de argent et de arms of De \Vauncy, DAUJ\IARY, oil AJ\D10RI. goules." Gules, 3 dexter gloves " Sire Roger Ammori pointing downwards, meisme !es arms a une argent ; the gants, or beHde de sable," t occur gloves, being proba-bly in the list of Oxford­ an heraldic pun on the shire knights. We name Gauncy or presume these to be vVauncy. the same family as Sir In the list of Norfolk knights before alluded Nicholas Damory, knt. to, the arms of Sir ·William de vVauncy are A~DIORI,

i '1 ~ .'

given, as Gulcs, six dexter hands erect, 3, 2, 1 ; argent, was impaled by Edmund Gurney in the and in a roll of the time of Edward IL,§ in window of the hall of Gurney's Place in Suffolk," Sire \Villiam de \Vauncy, De goules, a Norwich. vi. gaunz de argent." Gules, 3 dexter gloves There were other branches of this family in different parts of England. * Roll of Arms, pub. by Nicolas, page 39. t 11,ic\, of EJw. IL p. 28. t Norris .l\ISS. Church Collect. West Barsllam. Sir § I'ub, by Nicolas, p. 42. Henry Spelman, Gurney Pedigree, see p. 317. APP. LXJIT.] FAMILY OF DE WAUNCY. 367

Hobert de Wauncy witnessed King John's This branch of the deed of the cxcliange of the Andeleys ; and, in vVauncys is repre­ the time of Henry III., Robert de Wauncy held sented by the present the manors of Astwell and Fancote, in North­ Sir Arthur Broke, amptonshire." Jt appears Sir Edmund de Dart., of Oakley, in \ r auncyt held thes,J manors in the reign of that county, whose an­ Edward I. cestors quartered for In the list of knights de \V auncy, Gules, in Northamptonshire, three falconer's gloves WAUNcr, As c,t'ARTERrn in the time of Edward argent, tasseled or. ur mw1,E. II., is " Sire Robert de Geoffry de W auncy held lands in Oxon \Vauncy, De sable, a and ·wilts and other places in the reign of iii. gauns de argent." t Edward I. ;[I and the 34th Henry III., Nicholas The same person, or de \Vauncy was sheriff 1f of Sussex and Snrrey, at least a Robertus de in which counties he held lands.I"'' \Vauncy, died seized From the coats of de \Vauncy being· a falcon, of the manor of Astwell, the 8th Edward II. § and three falconer's gloves, I have thought it See Collectanea Topographica, vol. iv. p. 223, possible they were grand falconers to the Earls where is a deed of Robert, son and heir of of Warren. The Grosvenors were the grand Robert de \Vauncy, concerning :i\forton Pinkney huntsmen, g1·os veneurs, to the Earls of and Astwell, without date, but of the time of Chester. Edwarcl II. or III. II AbbreY, Rot, Orig. 13 Edw. I. Calend, In'[uis. post mortem 4 Edw. III. vol. ii. p. 34. Testa

SEE P.\GE 320. [PEDl«REE 36R EDMUND DE GURNEY. [PART II.

PEDIGREE OF DE WAUNCY.

HL·ao DE ll'AUXCY, held "\Vest Ilarsham at the Survey, witnessed the 1st Earl of \Varren's==t=N. N. cl1artcr to Ca.,tle-Acrc 1085; g-r1ve tlie churches and tithes of Dcpeden am! \\'est Ifarsltam I to Castle-Acre in the time of the 2nd Earl \Varrcn. r------,------.- l

NICHOLAS, n1ar. Alice Danrnartin, Sir 1V1L11n1 DE \V AD;,;cr, Lord of IYcst=fN. N. EDMUND DE \\'.lUNCl,T ..... 15th E,l. I. (13lomcfiel,l 7, p. 2~5). llarsharn am! Depc

JoIIAl'iE, wife of Sir KATIIAIUNE, wife of Edmund de Gur­ Sir En.\JUND Dil \\'AUNcr, Lord of Depcdcn,JOAN ~1icholn.s Dan10ry, ney, had issue, and carried the inherit­ and "\Vest Jlarsham 30th Edw. III.; in the I Knt. s. p. ance of the \Vauncis to the Gurneys, King's ,var:, in France; uh. 4G Edw. III. r _j Emw:-,,v DE \VA u;-;c1, seven years old wl,en his fatlwr died;

COPIES OF DEEDS OF THE FAMILY OF DE WAUNCY.

No. 1. No. 3.

Fundatores Ecclesie de Castleacre. Hugo de '\Vancy concedit monachis de Acra terrarn de Trichestan,:j: cum ecclesia ejusdem Dominus Hugo Vaunsy dedit ecclesiam et ville, sicut Osmud amita sua eandcm tcrram rnaneria de \Vest Ihrsham,* ecclesie in elemosinarn pcrpctuam dedit. Hane donationcm fccit pro anirna Hadulfi de \Vancy No. 2. patris sui, et pro anima ipsius Osmud amite Hugo

¥ Harl. 970, p. 65. t Ibid. p. 61. t Threxton. APP. LXIII.] FAMILY OF DE WAUNCY. 369

No. 4. Domino Johanne de Dunham, magistro Johanne de Pagne, &c. et multis aliis. Fol. 5, chart. 34." \\'alter de \\'ancy concedit monachis de Acra -1 acras cle tcrra arnbili in campis de \Vest Dar­ No. 6. sham, in cult.ura una apud Lusethorn versus :\Icriclicm. Conccclit etiam eis ut in perpetuum Deed ef Gift of Giles de Vauncg of the habrant ix" oves in eadem villa, et ut com­ Manors of TVest Barshmn and Depeden, municcnt in tota communi pastura ejusdcm to TVilliarn de Vauncy and his Sons. ville et in tota pastura quam habuit in brueria Sciant, &c. Ego Egidius de Vauncy con- versus Crece. Teste, Radulfo de \Vancy, milite, cessi Willelmo de Vauncy militi ad totam vitam &c. 38. suam maneria de \Vest l3arsham et Depeden cum omnibus suis pertinentiis, ct post decessum No. 5. predicti Domini Willelmi militis Willelmo filio Gift nf the Advowson and Lands at TVest predicti Domini \Villelmi et hcrcdibus snis de Brushwn to the P1·io1·y of Castleacre, by sc legitimc procreatis ; contingentc autcm pre­ TVi/lium de TVauncy. dictum Willclmum filium Domini Willelmi ck Vauncy militis sine hcrcdc de se lcgitimc pro­ N overint omnes, &c. presens scriptum visuri creato in fata discedere, volo ego prcfatus E1i­ vel amlituri, quod ego \Villelmus de \Vaney, dius quod manerium predictum cum omnibus fi\ius et heres Domini Radulfi de \Vancy mili­ suis pertinentiis remaneat \Valtero de W ancy, tis, concessi, remisi, et omnino in perpetuum fratri predicti Willelmi filii predieti Willelmi de quietum clamavi, pro salute :mime mee et om­ Vauncy militis, et heredibus suis de se legitimc nium antecessorum ct successorum meorum, procreatis; contingente autem predictum \Val­ Deo ct ecclcsie beate l\farie de Castleacre et terum de Vauncy sine herede, &e. tunr monachis ibi Deo servicntibus et in perpetuum Eduardo de Vauncy et heredibus suis; contin­ scrvituris, totum jus ac elamam quocl habui, sen gente autem, &e. tune Thome de Vauncy quolibet moclo vcl jure halwre potui, in advoca­ fratri predicti Eduardi, &e.; contingente autern, tione ccclesie de \Vest Darsham, cum tribns &c. tune Nieholao fratri preclicti Thome, &c. petiis tcrrc jacentibus m campis memorate contingente autem Nieholao, &c. tune Rolwrto ville, sive in illis contincatnr plus sive minus, fratri predicti Nicholai; eontingente autem quarum una jacet apud Prestes meer et predictum Hobertum, &e. tune 1-lugoni de alia apud Longfurlong, et tertia apud Hunes­ Vauncy frntri predicti Roberti; contingent<' cros, juxta regalem viam, sine aliquo re­ autem predictum Hugonem de Vauncy, &c. tenemento mihi vel hcredibus meis scu quibus­ quod maneria prcdicta cum omnibus suis perti­ cnrnquc sncce.,soribus nostris prcterquam com­ nentiis revertantur mihi predicto Egidio de munes participationcs orationnm ct elcemosina­ Vauncy et heredibus meis. Lib. de Castle­ rum quc finnt et fient in dicta domo de acre, fol. 137 •t Castlec1cre in perpctuum. In cujus rei tcsti­

monio hnic scripto sigillnm rneum apposui. * Harl. 970, p. 55. His testibus, Domino Johanne Extraneo mi lite, t Gibbon's Coll. l\IS, Harl. 970, p, 24. 370 EDMUND DE GURNEY. [PART II.

No. 7. In an indenture of lease made between Ed­ 1H,,1no1·andumf1·om the 1Va)')·is IIISS. respect­ mund Gurnay & one Harry "\V oodhard, smyth, i11g the i1lanors of TVest Barsham, .'}c. the same Edmund is called lord of the manor :\Ict. That Sir "\\'illiam Wancye, the last of of \\'est l3arsham, and the lease is made for tlw fom ( mentioned in the first of the notes one hundred and fourscore years, and is dated endorsed upon ·the copy of the deed hereunto at \Vest I3arsham, die Sab'ti prox. post fest. 0 annexed), was the same Sir \Villm. \Vancye Ste. Petronille Virginis A • Regni Regis Ecl­ 0 wardi tertii post Conquestum quinquagesimo who in A • 31 °. Ed war. tcrtii was owner of the manor of "\Vest Barsham, in Norfk. together primo. with the manor of Depden, in Suff. and there Md. That the foresayd Johane the othel' held those two. manors of the manor of Castle daughter and coheir of' the sayd Sir "\ViJlm Acre, in Norff. by knight's service; as by some "\Vancye had tl1e said manor of Depdcn either of the evidences of the sayd manor of\Vest Dar­ conveyed, gyvcn, or leased to descend unto her, sham appeareth. And it seemeth that the same which Johane was married unto Sir Nicholas Sir \\'il]m \Vancye was the last of that name Dammery, knight, as is mentioned in the saycl and house, because he dyed wthout issue male, indorced notes hereunto annexed. haYinge only thoo cloughters & coheires, named l\1d. That upon the xx.iii day of iVIarch, 1615, 0 0 Kathcryne & Johane, which Katheryne was et A • Regis Jacobi Anglie, &c.xiii • the foresayed married to Edmund Gurnay, to whorne the Clement Paman rode to Little Ellingham in sayd Sir William \Vancye granted an annuity Norff. and there viewed & p'used the evidences, of 100 marks per ann'm, in fee, out of his writings, and copies of records remaining in the manors of "\Vest Barsham and Dcpden ; and hands of .i\fartha Gurnay, widow, late wife of afterwards co'vcyed or gave the inheritance of Thomas Gurnay, esq. deceased, lord of the ma­ tlw manor of \Vest Barsham to the sayd Ed­ nor of' \Vest Barsham above mentioned, to the mund Gurnay, as appeareth by the two subse­ end he migllt know the tenure of the lands of quent notes, one of a polle deed, the other of a the sayd Thomas Gurnay, who, lately dyeing, kase, copied out of the evidences of the sayd left his sonne and heir, of th' age of five years manor of \Vest Darsham, by Clement Farnan, or there about, for whom an office was to be of Chevington, in the county of Suffolk, gent. p'sently found; amongst which writings the as followeth :- sayd Clement Paman found the several tenures By a po lie deed, written in Fr [ enc J h, dated of the manors of \Vest Darsham, Depden, & at \Vest Barsham, le demaighn [proehaine] Castle Acre, and the deed and indentnre above apres la fete de saynt :.\Tatthie, l'an du reign le recited, and took notes t11creout with his own Roy Edward Tierrc pr's la conqueste trente et hand, being as are above written, which notes primcre, "\Vill'm de "\\'ancye, cheval'er, done et were read & written verbatim, as is above ex­ grant a Edmon Gurnay, Daron, Kather[in J e pressed, by Thomas Burby, of Depden, gent., ma file, et ses heires, du annu'll rent de cent when the sayd Clement l'aman was returned mares de argent app'ndre mmu'lment des mes home to Chevington. In witness whereof the manoyrs de •... Darsham et Devencre. said Thomas Burby & Clement Pamau hereto APP. LXIV.] CHAMBERLAIN'S ACCOUNTS AT LYNN REGIS. 371

have vut their hands the third day of April, Johannes Talbot tenet in Ffyncham unum 1616, the xiii th year of his ;.\Iaj. reign. feodum militis de Willelmo de \Vauncy, et idem Tno. Bunny, de Comite Warrenne et Comite Rauulfo, quad CLE~IENT p AMAN, Adam Talboth quondam tenuit. xls.t

0 Tnquis. A • 20 E. 3, Fiefe of the TVauncys in the Clackclose David de Strabolgi Earl of Athol, died A°. Hundred. 46 E. 3, seised of 8 knight's fees in Wym­ botesham, Depeden, Barsham, Denvere, Doun­ FINCHA~I. ham, Derham, Lyrlynge, Methwold, Fincham \ \'illelmus de \Vancy et tenentes sui octo and North Barsham, now held by \Villiam de feoda in Depden, Barsham, Denvere, Dunham, Wanysy.§

0 Derham, Fordham, Lirling, ;.\fethwold, Fincham Esch. A • 1 R. 2, n. 164. et Korth Barsham.* F. com' Pembr. tent. de Castro de Acre. FORDHAM,

0 Esch. A • 17° Ed. 2di. Petrus de Spalding tenet in Denvere, Helgcy, Willelmus \Vauncy tenet octo feoda in Dep­ Dounham, Fordham, et Dcrel~1m, unum feodurn den, Denvere, Downham, Derham, Fordham, militis de \Villelmo \Vauncy, et il1em de Comite Lirling,l\Iethwold, Fincham,et North Barsham.t Warrenme, et ille de Rege.\[ Feoda mil. com. Lane. Inquis. temp. Hen. 3. 0 Esch. A • 1° E. 3.

APPENDIX LXIV.

CHAo!BERLAIN's ACCOUNTS AT LYNN, TE~!P, EDW, III.

Edmund Gurney was emvloyed at Lynn in the gaol deliveries there the 44th, 46th, and 48th Edw. III. (1370, 1372, 1374), as appears by the chamberlain's account rolls, the Lynn corpora­ tion not having the privilege of gaol delivery before the reign of James I. The following, arP the extracts from the accounts where Edmund Gurney is mentioned.

44 Enw. III. Gifts and expenses of the justices. The Don et expens just. Idm comp de same (the chamberlain's) account for 20s. given xxs. dat Rog Meres just diii Regis. Item Roger l\Ieres, justice of our lord the king. de iiijli.

" Addit. MSS, No, 8839, fol. 73, + Fol. 75. § Fol. 7G. t Fol, 74. II Fol. 98. 3 C 372 EDMUND DE GURNEY. [ PART II.

Gurnay, justices of the peace, and the arrayed arma. Hm de vjs. viijd. dat duob3 dicis men at arms. Also for 6s. 8d. given two eordm justic. Hm de iijs. iiijd. cla'f Jotii clerks of the same justices. Also for 3s. 4d. fit J otiis de Bern eye. Hm de vjd. clat given John, son of John de Berney. Also for ,pclamator eo7. Em de x,·ijs. iijd. soi p 6d. given their cryer. Also for 17 s. 3d. paid expns eo ctm justic p duos dies. for the expenses of the same justices for 2 days. 7

46 Enw. III.

Gifts. Also for l8d. expended in sweet and Exhenn. Hm de xviijd. expn in vino red wine upon Edmund Gurnay. Also for dulc et rut su-12 Edm Gurrrny. Hm cle I O½rl, in wine upon the seneschal of Lynn, in xd. ot in vino expn su,p sencsc Lenn in the presence of the mayor. And for 8d. in }/sent major. Et de viijd. in vino expn wine expended on the said seneschal and Ed­ sup elem sen et Edfo Gurnay. mund Gurnay.

48 Enw. III.

And for 12d. paid to a certain man carrying Et de xijd. soluf cuidam gerent tram the mayor's letter to Edmund Gurnay, for the majoris Edn10 Gurnay ;p concit suo hndo having his advice concerning tl10se imprisoned sul2 impisonatis caus r,turbacois pacis. Et for a disturbance of the peace. And for 2s. 2d. de ijs. ijcl. solu'f r vino expen1l in psenc paid for wine expended in the presence of the

The documents of the borough of Lynn are well preserved; the ancient charters exist, and a considerable number of account rolls, from some of which the extracts above arc taken. The transactions of the communitas, or corporation, are contained in the Hall Books, which are nearly complete in an uninterrupted series from the reign of Edward I. APP. Lxv.J REGISTRATION OF WILLS.

APPENDIX LXV.

On the Regist1'ation 'C!f Wi!!s. of Canterbury, in Doctors' Commons, the The separation of the temporal and ecclesi­ earliest is in 1383. asti,cal courts by ·William the Conqueror, was In the red register of Lynn, the earliest cor­ the origin of courts purely ecclesiastical in this poration book there, are numerous wills regis­ country. Amongst others were the prerogative tered before the mayor and an official, probably courts of the archbishops and bishops, arch­ of the Bishop of Norwich, capital lord of the rleacons, &c. for the trial of testamentary causes: manor. The earliest of these Lynn wills is of hence the registration of wills at these courts, the date 1309. according to their several jurisdictions. Statutes, 31 Eclw. III. stat. 1, ch. 4; 4 After the i"Orman conquest the conveyance Hen. V. stat. 2, ch. 8; 21 Hen. VIII. ch. 5; of fond by will or otherwise was limited by the were passed, restraining the exactions of the solemn form of transferring it by livery of clergy in fines on the registeririg of wills, as seisin (for the particulars of which ceremony great jealousy existed on that head. see I3lackstone, book ii. chap. 20), and by the Anciently the testament and last will were granrl restraints on alienation of land of the two distinct instruments ; in the former, the feudal system. personal estate was disposed of; in the latter, By a clause in Magna Charta, the will of the the real. By directions given to the feoffees, deceased was to be performed after payment of this latter was often omitted in the registers. the debts of the crown.* The wills at the various register offices afford \\'ills became more general soon after the the most authentic genealogical information; time of Edward I. At the Prerogative Office and many of them arc of great interest in throw­ of the Bishop of Norwich, the earliest will ing light on the manners and habits of our recorded is in 1370; in that of the Archbishop ancestors. (See preface to Nicolas's Testamenta Ve­

* Turner's IIisL of England, vol. i, p. 421. tusta.) 374

JOHN DE GOURNEY V.

SoN and heir of Edmund Gourney, is styled of ·west Barsham and of Baconsthorpe. In 1387, being the year of his father's death, he presented to the church of Harpley; in 1388 he presented to Thuxton; in l 389 again to Harpley.a This John de Gurnay was seneschal, for the parts of Norfolk, to Richard Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel and Surrey; and, in the 9th Richard II. l 386, was ordered by the said earl to inquire what loss would occur to him hy the gift of Belet's manor in Marhamh to the abbess and nuns there. See a copy of the deed from Marham Chartulary. (Appendix LXVI.) This John married Alice, daughter and coheir of John de Heylesdon, and of Joan his wife, sometime before the 19th Richard II. ( I 396) ; for in that year a fine was levied between John ·winter and others, querents, and John Gurney and Alice his wife, defendants, of the manors of Heylesdon and Drayton, with the advowsons of the churches there, and advowson of the chantry in the said church of Heylesdon, and advowson of the moiety of the church at Taverham, which Sir John Seyton, knight, and Joan his wife (probably the widow of John de Heylesdon), held for the life of the said Joan, of the inheritance of the said Alice ;c which fine was in order to some settlement thereof. (Appendix LXVII.) In 1398 he presented to the church of Drayton, in which place he has the addition of Domicellus,a a title more than equivalent to armiger.e

• I3lomefield, in Harpley. b Dlomefield, vol. vii. p. 379. e Fines Norff. 19 Richard II. vol. ii. p. 208; Norris MSS. cl Domicellus-" Rex militibus, domicellis, et aliis tenentibus suis," &c, anno 1279: by this it appears that Domicellus was inferior to Miles (Rymer's Fcedera, vol. ii. p. ]31.; Norris ~lSS. Miscellaneous Papers). Sir H. Spelman explains this word" optimatis primogenitus," Glossary. In ancient French, damoiseait. (See Preface to Noms Feodaux; Paris, 1826, page xi.) e Norris MSS. Tunstead p. 55. A. D. 1399.] SHERIFF OF NORFOLK AND SUFFOLK. 3i5

Sir Henry Spelman says he was an ambassador from Richard II. into France, " as appeareth by the seal of the same king.a" By this probably is meant some special mission to the French king. The first of Henry IV. (1399-1400), he was sheriff for the countiesb of Norfolk and Suffolk.;c from which circumstance we conclude him to have been of the Lancastrian party in the contest betvveen the White and Red Rose, as it was not likely the king would name any one to the influential post of sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk who was not his own partizan. In 1401 he again presented to the church of Drayton; the same year he appears as feoffee in the manor of Horsford.ct This year also he occurs by the name of John de Gournay of Baconsthorpe, where he vms lord of the manor of "\Vood-hall.e The 2nd Henry IV. he re-leased to Hugh Bavent all his right in the messuage and 44 acres of land in Harpley, formerly Alice Bavent's, wife of Richard Bavent. The 3rd Henry IV. (1402), when the aid r was to be raised for marrying the king's eldest daughter, Blanch, it was found by inquisition that this John de Gourney, together with Wil­ liam de Calthorpe, held a knight's fee in Harpley, of the Earl of .Arundel, and the earl of the king.g At the same time it was also found that he held in Baconsthorpe a quarter of a fee of Robert FitzOsbert, and he of

a Spelman MSS. Gourney Pedigree, see p. 317. " The sheriffalty of Suffolk was joined to Norfolk until the year 157 5. c List of Norfolk Sheriff; in Fuller's Worthies. d Carta dat. 2 Henry IV. pencs Dom. ejusdem manerii. Norris MSS. e Reg. Harsyke, fol. 276 a; Norris MSS. in the will of Roger, Rector of Town Berninglwm. 1 The feudal aids were three- } st. To ransom the person of the lord, if taken prisoner. 2nd. To make the lord's eldest son a knight, which was a matter of great expense. 3rd. To marry the lord's eldest daughter by giving a suitable portion. (Blackstone, book ii. p. 63.) In this case the King, Henry IV. as supreme lord, demanded this last species of aid of his tenants (which was levied according to the rate of fees held by them) without the intervention of Parlia­ nwnt, as by ancient usage and the statute 25 Edward III. stat. 5, chap. 11, he was entitled to do; not\vithstanding which this tax gave great dissatisfaction. (Rapin's History of Engbncl, vol. i. p. 492.) Dlanchc, daughter of Henry IV. married Lewis of B:waria.

g Feod. N orff. p. 3, No. 29; ?\orris ::\JSS. 3i6 JOHN DE GOURNEY V. [PART 11. the heir of Richard de la Rokeby, ancl he of Thomas Mowbray, &c., the king's ward, under age.a Also, that he held in Saxthorpe, Corpusty, and Ermingland, the fourth part of a fee of the Lady Cromwell, heir of Tatter­ shall, and the lady of the king.b Also, that he held in Hardingham, one fee of Sir Thomas Bardolf, and he of the king. c Also, that he held in \Vest Barsham one knight's fee of the honour of Castle Acre, which the Earl of Arundel held of the king in capite.

a Feod. Norff. p. 8, No. 4; Norris MSS. b lbic1.p.9, No.17; NorrisMSS. c Ibid. p. 38, No. 9; Norris MSS. d Ibid. p. 49, No. 16; Norris MSS. e Ibid. No. 20; Norris l\ISS. f Heron MSS. cited by Kirkpatrick in his MSS. ; Norris in Tunstead. g Norris lvISS.; Tunstead, p. 57. A. D. 1404.] PARLIAMENTUM INDOCTUM. 377 the pressing necessities of the state, &c. The king so received this address as plainly showed it was not disagreeable to him ; but, the Archbishop of Canterbury interfering, Henry was obliged to yield to his instances; upon which the Commons passed a bill to seize the revenues of the clergy, but the Archbishop and the rest of the clergy were so prevalent with the Lords, that they threw out the bill. Sir Henry Spelman mentions having seen the accounts of John de Gourney, and their evidence as sheriff and knight of the shire.a The 6th Henry IV. (1405), he sued the duchy of Lancaster for the common called Southlings, to have free warren there, as his separate soil and part of his lordship of "\Vest Barsham, and that his father Edmund was possessed of it. This cause was put off by the king's letters, because this John was one of the knights of the shire for the county of N_orfolk in the Parliament held at Coventry in the said 6th year; but in the 7th year it was adjudged against Gurney, the said common of Southlings being in the point of South Creke parish, and belonging to the duchy of Lancaster ; and John Gurney was bound to the king in 500 marks not to claim any right there hereafter, as not being within the lete of his manor of "\Vest Barsham.b In 1406 an inquisition "ad quod damnum "c was issued at his suit, touching the manors of Burnham, Swanton-Novers, Branche's Manor in vVyveton, Erpingham and ·wickmere manors; but for what purpose does not appear.u The same year John de Gourney and others gave to the Prior and Con­ vent of \Yalsingham certain lands, with the appurtenances, in Brunham, alias Burnham, in Norfolk.e In the 9th Henry IV. he had an interest in the manor of Hempstead in Happing.

a Spelman, Gurney Pedigree. b Blomefield, in West 13arsham. c The writ " ad quod

John de Gourney, being in right of Alice his wife lord of the manors of Heylesdon and Drayton, was the first who began to build a bridge over the river Wensum, at Heylesdon, 9th Henry IV. (1408); but the corpora­ tion of Norwich, apprehensive that their tolls might by that means be lessened,. solicited and procured a writ from the King, directed to the said John de Gourney, in which writ is recited, " that whereas the king had been given to understand that the said John was about to build a bridge ' de novo' o-ver the water between the towns of Heylesclon and Earlham, &c. for all his subjects to pass over, which might be to the great damage of the tolls of the citizens of Norwich, therefore he was thereby ordered to forbear until the matter should be discussed before the King's Council : ' teste apud Maydestone, 1 3° :M:artii, anno Regis nono.' "a No bridge being over the vVensum at Heylesdon, we suppose great traffic was thrown into Norwich by persons going from the country north of that city to the parts lying south of the vVensum. Tolls at the gates of fortified and chartered cities were general, which accounts for the citizens opposing the erection of this bridge. ·whether John de Gournay lived to receive this writ may be doubted, as he died the same year; Mr. Norris asserts before the 25th March, 1407-8. Sir Henry Spelman mentions his will in French, and his seal attached to it, a cross engrailed. It is also mentioned in the Vitis Calthorpiana, Harl. 970, p. 50. "Joh. Gorney's will, 9 Hen. IV. de maneriis de ·west Barsham, North B., Houghton, Harpley, Denver, Baconsthorpe, Hamp­ stead, & Saxthorpe, et de rnanerio de Depeden, in com. Suff." '\Ve have not discovered this will in any of the offices for proving wills ,vhere it was likely to be found. He had no children, but was succeeded by Thomas Gurnay, his nephew. Alice, his wife, survived himJ and had an interest in some of his manors for life : she held her first court at HarpleyJ for that manor, on Thursday before the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, 10 Henry IV. 1409.b Not long after, she became the wife of Sir John Wiltshire, knight, who in her right

a Liber Cartar. et Plac. Norw. Kirkpatrick MSS. Coll. quoted by Norris. 0 Dlomefield, in Harpley. A. D. 1408.] ALICE DE HEYLESDON. held not only the manors of Heylesdon and Dreyton, which were her own inheritance, but also Thuxton and some other places of the inheritance of the Gourneys, amongst others Depeden in Suffolk, to which he presented in 1422. Sir J olm Wiltshire died at Heylesdon, in the beginning of the year l 4.28.a And Alice, surviving him, seems to have taken a third husband, Richard Selling, Esq. who was lord of Heylesdon in right of Alice his wife, u and 11 Henry VI. (14Bl-1433.)b In the church at Heylesdon was a brass in Mr. Norris's time, which perhaps was placed to the memory of this Alice de Heylesclon ; it bore this inscription:- IIere leyeth Alice Hellisdon, On whos soule Jesu have mercy. HaYing had three husbands, her epitaph might be in her maiden name.

" Heg. Surflete, F 27 a. b Kirkpatrick MSS. quoted by Norris. ·

3 D 380 JOH~ DE GO URN A Y V. [PART II.

APPENDIX LXVI.

Oi·der rif Riclianl Earl of Arundell ancl cessoribu., imperpetuum; et tune virtute rujus SunY!J to' his Seneschal John de Gourne;IJ predictus Johannes Gurnay seneschallus cepit ( V.) conce1'ning the mano1· called Bliletes quandam inquisitionem per sacramentum in 11/arlwm, j1·om a stl'ip of pa1'chment Georgii atte Lathe, Johannis de \Vesenharn, attached to the G0th page rif the Register Roberti atte Grende

APPENDIX LXVII.

ON THE FA2\lILY OF DE HEYLESDON,

The de Heylesclons, the heiress of which also occurs as one of the bailiffs in 1307. family married John de Gournay (V.), appear to Peter Heylesdon was in the same office in have been wealthy citizens of Norwich and of 1268. Richard de Heylesdon, tl1e 36th Ed­ London. Henry de H eylesdon was one of the ward III. (1362), is styled citizen of Loudon, hailiff; of Norwich in 1261 ; and in 127:2, in and was father of John de I-Ieylcs

IInuv DE Ih:YI.ESD0'.'1, Bailiff of Norwif'h, 1261; Cnslos, 12,2; Bailiff, 1307.

Rrc1L1Rn DE IIEYLEsoo:,i, 1362.=r=llE.ITRICE.

Jom, DE llEYLESDON, Bailiff of London 137D, clie

By her second husband, Sir John 'Wiltshire, the "College of Priests at Haylesdon." It Alice de Heylcsdon appears to have left issue wa.'l endo,ved with lrrnds, tenements, and rents John 1\'iltshirc. * in several parishes in London and in Norfolk; In Ileylcsdon church, in .'.\Tr. Norris's time, and, in 1395, each priest's portion was valued ,,·ere srYeral monumental hras,es of this fam;ly; at Gl. l3s. lOcl., which shows their endowments one under tlre effigies of the upper half of a were considerable.:j: man and woman, with an inscription in French : The 1Valter de Berney here mentioned was

Richar

\Yifo, arnl "\\'alter de Berney; this was called ::: Taylor's Index ;\fonasticus, p. 48. * DlonH'fid,l, in I-Ieylcs,lon. § X orris ~ISS. Funeral illon. p. 24. t ~ urris ;"II SS. Fu11eral :.!onuments, ml. ii. p. 22. II Ibid. 382

ROBERT GURNAY

PossESSED the manor of Harpley, and was succeeded in it by Thomas, who was nephew of the preceding Sir John de Gourney, knight, who died without issue; this appears by a computus of the cellarera of the priory of Norwich, \Vho in 1512 writes, " De manerio de Harpley quondam Roberti Gurney, postea Thomre Gurney, et nuper Willelmi Gurnay, armigeri, &c. &c." b from this there can be little doubt that Robert was brother of Sir

John, and father of Thomas c the nephew and h~ir of Sir John de Gournay V. A Robert Gurney had at this period d land at Little Cressingham and Hopton, and in 1405, the 7th Henry IV. a fine was levied between Robert Gurney, of Cressingham Parva, and Thomas Stodhagh, querents, and Ed­ ward Howard and Katharine his wife, defendants/ of a tenement and fold­ course in Cressingham Parva and Hopton, the right of the said Robert. In the church of Hempstead, in Happing hundred, against the north wall of the church next to the chancel, was formerly the painting of the figures

• The cellarer was an officer of importance in every monastery. He was bursar, who bought all provisions, &c. ; in some houses he was " secundus pater in monasterio," as in the abbey of Bury, where a large part of the buildings were assigned for his residence. In the monastery of St. Benet in the Holme, this officer had much the largest s1:parate estate. He had not only many tithes, pensions, rents, &c. but also some whole manors allotted to his office." The cellarer of Norwich was the cellarer of the conventual body attached to the cathedral church there, to which £3 per annum was paid from the manor of Uphall, in Harpley.t 0 I3lomefield, in Harpley. c Spelman llISS ; Pedigree of Gurney; Norris NISS. ct Norris MSS. ; Blomefield, in Cressingham. e Fine Norff. 7th Hen. IV.

" Norris J\lSS. in Happing, page 403. t Blomefield, in I-forpley. A. D. 1405,l FINE BETWEEN GURNAY AND STUDHAUGH. of a man and woman kneeling, each of them holding a label; on the first was written:- Qui circumstatis precibus sibi subveniatis ; on the other:- Gurnay Hobertus soluit de munere certus.

At their feet a shield of arms, Argent, a chevron be­ tween 3 bull's heads in profile cut off close at the nape, sable. On the south wall, directly opposite to the former, a woman and a man kneeling, having over their heads these four verses :-

Hae per pictura sperans mercede futura, Solvit devotus Thomas Studhaugh voce vocatus, Qui fuerat digna conjux Kath'na benigna, Quos vobis gratis meritis commendo beatis. Between the man and woman, a shield of arms, Gules, on a chevron argent 3 martlets sable, all within a bordure sable engrailetl,a Studhaugh. This is now all defaced. This Robert Gurney and. Thomas Studhaugh were undoubtedly the persons named in the above-mentioned fine, and, from the circumstance of Sir John Gurney ha,ing property in Hempstead, we suspect that this is the same person as Robert Gurney, lord of Harpley, and he probably married one of the family of Studhaugh, which was ancient, and seated at Hempstead for some generations. We cannot satisfactorily account for the arms under Robert Gurney in the church there. Moule, in his Heraldry of Fish, page 104, supposes these to be three heads of the gurnard fish, the familiar appellation of which fish, with

• Norris Funeral :.\fonurnents, vol. i. p. GS ; and Tunstead, p. 55. 384 ROBERT GURNAY. [ PART IT.

~ailors, is the"bull's-head.'' The gurnard fish v,as the crest of the Gournays of Norfolk, and, although the first instance of its being used occurs in the reign of Henry VI. by Thomas Gurney I. son of this Robert, it may very probably have been of earlier date. It has been suggested to me that this crest of the fish, as well as the engrailed cross, the arms of Gour­ nay, may have originated at the period of the Crusades, as the fish was a hieroglyphie of the early Christians, from the letters composing the Greek word IX0T:Z forming the initials I1io-ous- Xp1rrro) 0e:ou Tws- ::i;wqg. In consequence of this, the image of a fish was sculptured upon tombs and sepulchral urns, as well as upon seals and rings ; b and might from this cir­ cumstance have been assumed as a crest by the Christian warrior.

<< Mrs. Hamilton Gray's Sepulchres of Etruria.

b i\Ioule on the Heraldry of Fish, page 12.

) & •

~~ 385

THO~IAS GURNAY I.,

PROBABLY son of Robert, but certainly nephew and heir a of Sir John, first occurs in the list of Norfolk gentlemen returned as such by the commis­ sioners, 12 Hen. VI. 1434b vVe must observe that the Norman French becoming gradually disused, the De before surnames, taken from places, ceased about this period, and in consequence the family of Gurnay was no longer described as De Gurnay or De Gournay, but simply Gurnay or Gourney. Thomas Gurnay was a feoffee in the manor of \Volterton, in East Bar­ sham, 13 Henry VI. 1435.C In 1440 he presented as a feoffee with others for Sir John Curzon, Knight, to the church at Ingoldesthorpe.

a Spelman. Pedigree of the Gurneys. b Fuller's \Vorthies. The list of the gentry here alluded to was made out in each county by com­ missioners appointed for the purpose. Fuller supposes that the roal motive for this was to tender an oath of fealty to the gentry of the kingdom in favour of the house of Lancaster. There appears ,trong ground for this supposition, as Sir Robert Cotton mentions in his abridgement of the re­ cords, that at the parliament held 11 Hen VI. the speaker presented an article that no nobleman or other shonld retain in his service any offender of the law. The which article the lords and bishops swore to mai11tain ; and it was enacted that the lords, knights, and esquires, yeomen, and persons throughout the realm, should by special commissioners swear to perform the same. (:-;orris J'IISS.)

c Blomefielrl in \V. Darsham. ct Inst. Lib. 10 F. 36. e Tanner's l\ISS. Bishop's Office, Norris MSS. 1 Inst. Liber, 10 F. 49. Korris l\ISS. ;_386 THOMAS GURNAY I. [ PART TI.

Castle-Acre, Newton, and Dunham :Magna, the right of John of the in­ heritance of :'\largaret.a Thomas Gurney married Margaret Kerville, of that ancient family seated at "\Viggenhall St. Mary's, in Marshland ; they also possessed land in Castle-Ac're," where, according to the fine quoted above, Margaret's in­ heritance partly lay. Cook, Clarenceaux, in an ancient pedigree, calls her Catharine, daughter of Robert Kerville, of ·watlington: but the fine just quoted proves that the wife of Thomas Gurney was named .Margaret. Robert Kerville, of vVatlington, died in 1434, and mentions his daughter Catharine in his will, but makes no mention of Margaret. In the pedigree at page 286 I have called the wife of Thomas Gurnay Catharine, after the authority of Cook: but it woulrl seem erroneously. In the windows of Gurney's Place, Norwich, was the coat of arms Gurney impaling Kerville, Gules, a chevron between three leopard's faces or. This, with other coats which remained of the family arms, has been removed to Keswick. (Appendix LXVIII.) This Thomas Gurney sealed with a cross engrailed " with a helmet and crest, which, as is supposed, is a gurnard fish biting on the helmet, his tail upward, which I think the heralds call hauriant." c (Appendix LXIX.} He is styled of Norwich in 1451. Mr. Norris is of opinion that Margaret, his first wife, died, and he married, secondly, Alice--of what family does not appear-and that he died in 1454 intestate, at Great Ellingham, where he was then residing, and adminis­ tration was granted to Alice his widow and others, the 5th August of that year :d but it seems doubtful whether this is the same Thomas Gurnay, as I do not discover that he had property or a residence at Great Elling­ ham. He was probably buried at Baconsthorpe, ,vhere

a Fine Nortf. 23 Hen. VI. b Blomefield in Castle-acre. c Spelman MSS. d Hcg. Aleyne, pars prim::t, f. 19 b. Norris MSS. A, D. 1454.] INSCRIPTION AT BACONSTHORPE. 387 was formerly the follovdng fragment of an inscription on a flagstone in the church. ---- Thome Gurney Generosi propicietur Deus Amen.a Thomas Gurnay I. left a son an_d heir Thomas, and Catharine, a daughter, who married John Baxter of Forncet, Norfolk, Gentleman. Cotemporary was Robert Gournay, Rector of Heathel, presented by John Duke of Norfolk in 1427; he died 1439. Henry Gurney of Norwich, who died intestate in 1443, leaving a widow, Tiphania.b

a Norris MSS. Church Callee. Daconsthorpe. b Xorris MSS. ···.. L~c~{;~1L-;~f1ll

, ' , /_, '\, ,

- ·~~~~~;~-~. .- ·.. --~;- . ,, .i-~~~!i:

3E 388 THOMAS GURNA Y I. . [rART 11.

APPENDIX LXVIII.

ON THE FAMILY OF KERVILLE.

THE ancient family of Capraville, or Ker­ Knight, in 1620, of being a bigoted papist : villc, were sdtled, Lefore the reign of Richard and that the papists met at his house in onln I., at Wiggen hall St. Mary's, Norfolk, where to assist the emperor against the King of they had their seat or residence, of which Bohemia, when James I requested tt loau for there are still remains. This family was doubt­ the recovery of the Palatinate, whereupon K<'r­ )pss of Norman origin, and came from Chevre­ ville was imprisoned, but was afterwards re­ ville, in N" orrnandy, in the neighbourhood of leased. He was the last male of his family. :\I ortaigne. Tlwy held very large estates in In the church of St. l\1ary's is a flue mural \\'e·st ?\orfolk, particularly in Marshland. monument erected to his memory and that of After the Heformation they continued of the his wife,* Homan Catholic religion, and Sir Henry Ker- The Pedigree of K erville is as follow,: 1·ille was accnsPd hy Sir Christopher Heydon,

• Blonwfielcl in '\Viggenhall St. l\lary's.

[ PEDIGREE APP. LXVIII.] FA~IILY OF KERVILLE.

PEDIGREE OF KERVILLE.

l{onERT DE CAPRAYILLA, temp. Stephen. RoGER.=j=,,,. IV ALTER DE CAPRA 1'!LLA. r----___J T' I r i

REGINALD DE KAREVILLA, or KERVILLE, temp. John.=A1rcE, dau. of Sir Richard de fa Rokeby.

Sir FnEDE!UC DE CAPnA YILLE, Jent. temp. Hen. III. ROBERT DE CIIEREVIL!,E, Pm1rP DE C1rnm:nu.1-:.

'\VrLLIAM DE KERVILE, of Wiggenhall.=;= ..•. ..J WrLLLur, 21 Eclw. I.:;= .... .------___J Jow1 DE KERVILE, 17 Edw. II.=p .... r ED,IUND KERVJL.=,=A11cE, dau. and coh. of Sir John Tilney, of Quaplu,lu, iu [ Lincolnshire.

Sir RonERT KERVILE, ancestor of the JOHN -T ...... clau. of Thomas Fit,. Ken-ii es of \\' atlington. His heart KER VILE. iVilliam, Esq. of :lla1,leth1,q,,, buried at St. Mary's, [ in Lincolnshire.

Tnmus KERVILE, Esq."j=}Lrnv, drrn. of Gilbert Haultoft, of the Isle of Eh-. 1467. [ Baron of the Exchequer to Hemy \'I.

IIu,IPimEY, son and heir.=,=AxNE, dau. of John Fincham, Esq. of Fincham.

HuMPifREY, son and lieir.,ANNE, dau, of Jeffery Cobh, Esq. of Sandringlia!ll. ~------,------~ TTT,7 3. En- ==CATHARINE, 1. Tno- =j=ALICE, 2.WIL­ 4. ALICE; llWr. J. SirJnll!i ,ruND. dau. of'Wil­ MASKER- clau. of LLUr. Bedingfield ; :?. Sir JqJrn lian1 Saun­ VTLLE. Sir Henry Sulyard, l,nt. ders, Esq. ; Bccling- 5. ELIZAHl•:TIJ ; mar. HolJPrt mar. 2. John field, of Bozon, Es(1, Spelman, OxLurgh. 6. ELEANOJt ; mar. -­ Esq. ofNar­ Neal, Es,1, borough; 7. JoAN;rnar.John Shoul,l 3. Miles ham, E~q. Corbet,Esq, 8. CATII.\RINE; mar. --· r- Goswcll, Esr1. Sir HENRY KmtnLLE, Knt.=j=,VJNEFmD, dau. of Sir Anthony 9, J\IARGAHJ:T ; mar. ]. 1 G2U. / Thorolcl, Knt. Nicholas Vt:an, of \\'ig- r-----..J gcnhall, f+rnt. ; 2. J-ullll Two children who died in their infancy. Shorcditch, or Bexm·ll, Es,1. of Bexwcll. JO. MARY.

From the Norris l\ISS. and Blomeficld in St. Mary Wiggenhall. 390 THOMAS GURNA Y I. LPART II.

APPENDIX LXIX.

ON CRESTS,

The crest was made of light wood carved, or It is very possible of leather, and fastened to the helmet. that Robert Cooke The principal application of crests was in Clarenceux may have jousts or hastiludes, when the shield was not granted the use of worn. Originally crests were conceded by caps of maintenance noyal grant to a very few persons. They are to private families in not held to be absolutely hereditable, but may consequence of their be assumed.* being related to Queen There is no mention of the cap of mainte­ Elizabeth, to whom it nance, as afterwards used by the family, in this should be remembered crest of Thomas Gurney. many gentlemen's fa­ 'Wreathes and scrolls were rarely used with milies were near rela­ crests at first. Caps of maintenance were con­ tions through her mo­ fined to royal alliances till after the time of ther Anne Boleyn. Of Robert Cooke Clarenceux, who lived in the this number was An­ reig·n of Elizabeth, and granted them to private thony Gurney, who families. \Ve know not at what period the cap lived in her reign, whose maternal grandmother of maintenance was added to the crest of the was a Boleyn. \Vest Barsh am Gurneys.

* Dallaway's Heraldry, p. 387. 391

THOMAS GURNAY II.

SoN and heir of the before-mentioned Thomas Gurney, Esq. was of West Barsham, and in 1465 presented to the church of Harpley, and to Depden in Suffolk in 1467.a He married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Jernegan, or Jerning­ ham, of Somerleyton in Suffolk, Knight, by whom he had issue, 1. Wil­ liam, his son and heir; 2. John; 3. Edmund. (App. LXX.) He is frequently mentioned in the Paston Letters, edited by Sir John Fenn. John Jernyngham, in a letter to his cousin Margaret F°aston, dated Calais, Corpus Christi day, 1458 (Thursday, l June, 36 Henry VI.), says, " No more at this time but that it please you to recommend me unto my right reverend and worshipful cousin your husband, and to mine uncle Gourney, and to mine aunt his wife, and to all good masters and friends where it shall please you."b Again, in a letter from Margaret Paston to her husband, dated Soul­ mass day (All Souls) 1465, 5 Edward IV. "Item, my brother and Play­ ters were with Calthorpe to enquire of the matter that ye wrote to me of; what answer he gave them they shall tell you. I sent the parson of Heylesdon to Gurney to speak to him of the same matter, and he saith faithfully there was no such thing desired of him, and though he had been desired he would neither have said nor done against you ; he said he had ever found you loving and faithful to him, so he said he would be to you to his power, and desiring me that I would not think him the contrary." c In another of the Paston Letters, viz. one from Margaret Paston to her husband, dated Norwich, 18 January 1463-4 (3 Edw. IV.), is an account

a Tanner's i\ISS. in the Bishop's Office. Norris MSS. ° Fenn's Paston Letters, vol. i. p. 161. c Ibid. vol. iv. p. 237. 392 THO~IAS GlTR:\TA Y II. [PART II. of a murder committed by a Thomas Gorney and his man. Sir John Fenn is of opinion that it was not the Thomas Gurney of whom we are treating, but we are inclined to think that it was the same person, in which we are confirmed by his subsequent donations to religious houses. The occurence may be accounted for by the disturbed state of the times from the contentions of the rival houses of York and Lancaster, which produced numerous feuds among private families. The letter is from l\fargaret Pas ton to her husband, dated Norwich, Wednesday, 18 January

14 03, and is as follows : a " Skipworth shall tell you such tidings as beeth in this country, and of Thomas Gorney and his man; himself is clerk convict, and his man is hanged ; ye shall hear hereafter what they and others were purposed to have done to their master." The following extract from one of these old letters, from Thomas Play­ ters to John Paston, Esq. explains the crime committed by this person and his servant. January 1463 (3 Edw. IV.): " Please your mastership to wete, that as for my lord of Norwich cosyn's deth, Thomas Gurnay's man hath confessed that he slew hym, by commandment of his master, and confessed 0 1;rer, that ye same

a Fenn's Paston Letters, vol. iv, p. 153. b Ibid. A.D, 1469.J HIS TESTA?>IENT AND WILL. 393 Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin at ,v alsingham his gold ring with a turkeys set in it; to every resident and householder at ,vest Barsham I 3d.; to every resident at Harpley and Depden 6d. ; to his wife Margaret all his utensils ancl furniture of whatsoever kind; half of them to go to his eldest son \Villiam after· her death, if he confirms the settlements upon his brothers John and Edmund, and if he conducts himself vi'ith fidelity, humility, and filial piety towards his mother, otherwise his said mother :\Iargaret to dispose of the said furniture and utensils. To the high altar of St. Gregory's at Norwich 6s. 8d. ; to the repair of the church there 40s. ; to Thomas Seafoul his godson, whom he received at the holy font, Gs. 8d.; also to the repair of the vestments of the church at Depden 20s.; to John Bernard, of the order of Friars l\1inors at Nor­ wiclt, his confessor, l ls. to pray for him. He appoints his wife, John Jernygan, Esq. and Edmund Bok·enham, Esq. executors, and John Heydon supervisor. By his last will,a dated at Norwich, 20 March, 9 Edw. IV. ( 1468-9), he would first that all the grants made either by himself or by his feoffees by his direction should be firm and stable, and in particular the annuities granted to John and Edmund his sons out of the manor of Depden; also he gaye to the prior and convent of \Valsingham, towards their builclings there, that they might have him and his wife in special memory on their bede­ roll, as a brother and sister, £ 10 ; further he ordered all his rents, lands, tenements, and services, called Swathings, in Hardingham, which he had lately bought of Katharine Sturmer; and also all his lands, tenements, &c. in Norwich, to be sold to fulfil his will, and other pious purposes for his soul and the soul of Margaret his wife. By a subsequent clause he recites that he had agreed with his son ·William touching the said premises, and that William should pay 20 marks immediately after his decease for his funeral charges; to the said Margaret his wife £5 every year at the Feast of the Translation of the Holy Martyr St. Thomas (a Becket), until the sum of £40 should be discharged to Margaret his wife, by the said 'William, for which he was to give her security. That Margaret his wife should

a It is to be observed, the will of Thomas Gurnay is dated two days after the testament. 394 THOMAS GCRNAY IL [ PART II. have all the furniture, linen, and woollen cloths, and other goods which were given her during her life, and were made by her O\VN ,voRK, or that of her servants, and were acquired by her for her own use.a The will was proved 27 July, 1471. (App. LXXI.) The house spoken of in this will was in St. Gregory's parish. It is rerµar1rnble that John Gourney or Gurney, the immediate ancestor of the present family of the Gurneys of Keswick, resided in an ancient house in this parish of St. Gregorfs at Norwich, in the Yeign of Charles IL,

;. Iii\ THE THREE "\~~~- - PIGEONS TAVRRN ! l!1)tf-:i;":;;u;';;i ~

HOUSE IN ST, GREGORY'S PARISH, NORWICH,

a Reg. Jekkys, fol. 211 b. in the Bishop's Office at Norwich. A.D. 1471.] HIS HOUSE IN NORWICH. 395 and it seems possible that the house of this Thomas Gurnay II. may have been the same, and may have descended to this younger branch of the Gurneys. This house was lately the Three Pigeons tavern. It faces what was called Charing Cross, between two streets formerly called Nether and Over '\Vestwyk, ( now, I believe, Upper and Lower St. Lawrence Street,) and appears formerly to have extended back, so as to have been originally quadrangular. J\largaret, the wife of Thomas Gurnay, was niece to and legatee in the ,Yill of Elizabeth, widow of Robert White of Shottesham, dated 1442, which Elizabeth was daughter of 'William Appleyard, Esq. and sister of Joan, wife of Sir Thomas Jernegan of Somerleyton.a She continued the widow of Thomas Gurney, Esq. and as such, together with her son ·William, pre­ sented to the church of Depden in Suffolk, in 1471 and 1476.b

CoTEMPORARY.-John Gurney of Filby left a small legacy, in 1465, for the repair of the chapel of St. John there.c

a Korris :.\ISS. in Tunstead, p. 59. b Ibid. c Heg. Cobalde, f. 30 d. Norris MSS.

3 F 396 THQyfAS G URN A Y II. [ PART II.

APPENDIX LXX.

The very ancient family of Jernygan or Jer­ lVfary, was presented ningharn was seated in Suffolk as early as the by her with the manor conq ucst, if not before, being said to descend of Cossey in Norfolk, from one of King Canute's capt,iins. Their and from him is de­ principal manors were Horham and Stonham scended the present Jernygan. They settled at Somerleyton in the family of the Jerning-• 13th century, where they continued until the lmms," the head of extinction of the elder branch of the family in which is tbe present the reign of James I. They bore for arms, Lord Stafford. The JElL\lSGlLUI. Argent, three buckles gules. descents of this noble family are so well known Sir Henry Jerningham, vice-chamberlain that I do not subjoip a pedigree of them. and master of the household to Queen

APPENDIX LXXI.

The Testament and Will Rf Thomas Gur­ infra vVestbarsham xiid. Item !ego tcnentibus nay II., e.i·t?YlCted from the registry of the et rcsidcntibus in H arple et Depdcu, viz. cuilibet Bishop of Norwich. Reg. Jekkys, 211 b. Jwusholde;• vie/. Item lcgo ad reparacio1wm In Dei nomine Amen. xviii0 Die mensis domus fratrnm miuorum N orwici xls. Item 0 0 cuilibet domui fratrum Augustinorum, Predica­ Marcii, Anno Domini l\I0 cccc lxix et Annu Eclwardi IV. nono, Ego Thomas Gurnay, senior, tornm et Carmditarum Norwici ad reparacionem Arrnig0r, compos rnentis et bone memorie condo domorum suarum xxs. Item lego ad reparaci­ tcstamentum meum in hunc modum. In primis onem et sustentationem domus fratrum mino­ logo animarn meam Deo omnipotenti, beate Marie rum de \Valsing·ham xls. Item capelle Annun­ Virgini et omnibus sanctis, corpusqne ad sepe­ ciationis beate n1arie de 'Walsingham annulum licnuum infra cancellum ecclesie parochialis meum aureum cum uno pretioso lapirle vocato Sancti Laurencii martyris de I-Iarple, si me unum turkeys in codem auuulo impressu post ibidem obire contingat, vel in ecclesia fratrum mortem meam ibidem oblatnrum. Item lego minorum Norwici si me ibidem obirn contingat. Margarite uxori mee omnia alia joealia et uten­ Item lcgo summo altari ecclcsie de Harple xiiis. silia mea quecunque et cujuscunque generis iiijcl. Item lego summo altari ecclesie de \''est existunt ad ejus proprios Barsham vis. viiicl. Item lego cnilibet residenti usus, toto cum apparatu omnium vestimentormn et tencnti domum sue familie, vocato housholder, " Blomefield, in Cossey. APP. LXXI.] HIS TESTAME~T AND WILL. 397 corporis mci, excepto eo ad assignatum meurn orandum pro me xls. Item lego Thorne Davy rcscrrnto. Item volo quod si \\'illclmus fJlius servienti mco xxs. Item lego Roberto Stenton mcus de bonc1 fidc,litatc, humilitate et fi!i'.1tc1te xiiis. iiijd. Item !ego \Villelmo Wolwyk et ges,it sc crga dictam l\fargaritam rnatrcm suam uxori cjus xiiis. iiijd. In cujus rei testimonium et ei in omnibus conccssiouibus meis tam eidem huic presenti tcstamento meo sigillum menrn l\Iargaritc matri sue truam fratribus snis filiis apposui. Datum die et anno snpradietis. nostris didormn Thome ct l\Targ·arite per cartas Hmc est ultima rnluntas rnei Thome Gurnay

0 concessitis et factis obctlierit, ct pro posse suo Sen. Arrnigeri facta apud Norwicum xx • die cas conccssiones maintencrit; tuuc idem \Vil­ l\Iarcii Anno Regni Hegis Erlwardi qnar1i lclmus si dictam matrcm suam supervixit habeat nono. Iu primis volo quod omnes conccssiones post mortem cjnsdem 1\fal'garite rnetlietatern et mmuitates per me sen feoffatos meos ad in­ ornniurn eonmclcm utcllsiliurn ct jocalimn occu­ stantiam rneam, per cartas confectas, stabiles pabili usu 11011 consurnptornm; et a liter 11011; sed sint et oflic:iales juxta formam earundem conces­ eaclcm Jiargarila lwbeat tune i11de plenariam sion um, et prccipue annuitates J ohanni ct Ed- voluntatem ct dispo,itionPm. jtem !ego sum- mundo filiis meis per cartas scparatas extra mo altari ecc:lt;sie St. G rcgorii in Norwico pre­ mancrio meo de Depden -cxeuntes sub sigillo dicto vis. Yiiid. Item lego ad rcptu·acionem meo concessas jnxfa forrnam eanmdcm conces­ cjusdcm ecclesie xls. Rcsiclnum vero bouornm sionnm, stabiles et rate sint in omnibus. Item meornm non legatormn do et !ego bone tfopo• volo quocl prior et conventus ecclcsie bcate sir;ioni dicte 1\fargarite nxoris mee, J olmnnis Marie de ,v alsyngham habeant ad construc­ Jernygau Armigcri ct Et1rntmLli Bokenham, tionem operurn eju,3dem prioratus, ut me et quos onlino facio ct con,ULno h11jm icstamcnti uxorem mcam in spccialiorem memoriam l1abc­ mei et ultimc vohmtaiis mcc cxccutores meos, rent ut fratrem et sororem capituli, xii. Item ut ipsi fidcliter bona rnca di,1io11a11t ct dcbita et volo qnocl cxpendantur in constructioncm aut lega1iones meas per,ohant ct rneam ultimarn vestirncutorum renovacionem ecclesie de I-Iarple, ,·oluntatem perimplemit sicut ipsi pro illis in xis. Item volo quod expenda11tur in repara­ dicto casn di,poncre vcllcnt; ct lcg:o cnilibct tionem sen vcstimentorum renovacionem ecclesie dicto Johanni .Jerncgan et Ecl1Yarclo Bokenham de \Vest Darsham, xls. Item volo quod omnPs pro onerc hujus testamenti surncndo et laborc ille terre ct tenemcnta, rcdditus ct suo, ultra. expcnsns suas rationabiles, qniuque mca vocata Swathyng in Harclyng­ marcas. Eorunrlcrn autem testirnenti et volun­ ham que nupcr empsi de Katharina Sturmur tatis orclino ct consiituo Johanncm I-Ieydon et ctiam omnes terre et tenementa mea cum suis snpcrvisorcm. Et ]ego eiclern Johanni pro aux­ pertinentiis in N orwico vcndantur per cxeeu- ilio et concilio suo didis execntoribus meis pre­ tores meos et quod incle lwndis quinqne marcas. Item !ego cuidam pervenientes clisponantur in Thome Scfoul filiolo meo quem de sancto fonte executionem tcstarnenti rnei et ultime volun- rcccpi vis. viiid. I tern !ego all rcparacioncm ta tis mee et in alios pios usus cclebrandos pro sen vestimcntorum renovationcm ecclesie de animc1 rnea et anima dicte Margarite et pro Dcpdcn xxs. Item !ego J ohanni Bernard quibus tenemur. Qnicquid mearum terrarum ordini~ minorurn N orwici confessori meo ad reddituum et omncs post hujus mei testamenti et 3!)8 THOMAS GURNAY II. [ PART II. nltime voluntatis mee confeccionem in bona vite mee concessa data et assignata, et q ue ex memoria mea existens ( lego) \Villelmo filio ejus labore aut servicntum suorum fuerunt et pro octoginta marcis bone et legalis monete sunt adquisita, ad usum proprium, quod dicti Anglie. Item quod solvat dictis executoribus Johannes et Edmundus executores mei preno­ meis et presertim dicte l\1argarite uxori mee minati de iisdem jocalibus, pannis l:rnf>is et xx. marcas legalis monete expensuras circa lineis aut aliis bonis ut prefertur, nullo mollo se f'uneralia 'mea facienda ; et in festo transla­ intermitterint sed uxorem meam tionis Sancti Thome Martyris extunc proximo de iisdem liberam dispositionem et immediate sequenti centum solidos et sic de habere permittant. Datum loco, die, mense et anno in annum ad quemlibet festum transla­ anno Domini supradictis. tionis Sancti Thome indilate cs. legalis monete Probatum foit presens testamentum uua cum Anglie quo usque summum xl. librarum legalis u1tima voluntate eidem annexata apud Nm·vi­ monete predicte plenarie persolvat ; et quod idem cum coram nobis, officio consueto Domini \Villelmus filius meus de promissis solvendis Norwicencis Episcopi et per nos approbatnm et faciat eidem uxori mee sufficientem securitatem. insumatnm ac pro xvii. die Item volo quod dicta Margarita uxor mea mensis Julii, Anno Domini M 0 .cccc0 .Lxx1". habeat omnia jocalia, pannos laneos et lineos et &c. &c. &c. alia bona que ei

WILLIAl\I GURNEY IV.

So-:,, of Thomas Gurney and Margaret Jerningham his wife, is styled of vVest Barsham. He and his wife occur as legatees in the will of Alianor Countess of Arundel : '' Ego Alianora Comitissa Arundel a-Item lego ,vmelmo Gurnay et Agneti uxori ejus 4 lib. sterling." b He presented to the church of Depden jointly with his mother in 1471, the year of his father's death. In the 14 Edward IV. 1474, he was party to a fine of the manor of Sprowston as a trustee for Walter Aslak, Esq.c In 1475 he occurs as a feoffee for John ·wyndham of Felbrigg, Esq.ct In 1476 he presented again jointly with his mother to the church of Depden in Suffolk. In 1485 he presented his son Christopher Gurney, clerk, to the church of Harpley, and in the same year he is mentioned as lord of the manor of \Velburn.e The same year he and his wife gave in trust the manor of Swathings to Henry Gray, Knight, and Robert Drury, Esq.f Sciant presentes, &c. quod nos Willelmus Gurney Armiger filius et heres Thom::e Gurney armigeri, et Anna uxor dicti \Villelmi ac filia Willelmi Calthorp militis, dimissimus manerium nostrum de Swathings in Harding­ ham Henrico Gray militi et Roberto Drury armigero. Dat. 2 R. III. (1485.) He was one of the escheators for Norfolk in the reign of Edward IV. The escheator was an ancient officer, so called, because his duty was to look to the escheats, wardships, and other casualties accruing to the crown. In ancient times there were two escheators in England, one north,

a Heg. Stockton, fol. 23, 20 July, 1455. 0 Dodsworth :\ISS. vol. xxii. fol. 22 a. Lansdowne MSS. No. 227.

c Kirkpatrick MS. Collec. quoted by Norris. d Test. Johan. Wyndham, Reg. Gclour, F. 116. Norris MSS e Tanner's l\ISS. Bishop's Office. In Norris MSS. r Harl. MSS. 970, p. 9. 400 Vt'ILLIAM GURNEY IV. [PART II. the other south of Trent ; but in the reign of EdwarCley next the Sea to his son vValter.c In the 13th Henry VII. William Gurney, Esq. senior, enfeoffed "\Villiam Gurney, junior, Esq. of lands in Dun­ ton. He is mentioned as lord of the manor of Harp]ey in a computus of the cellarer of Nor­ wich. His sea1, " sometimes a wrestling collar in an enamelled ring.d" Thls badge or crest was in glass, in the window of vVest Barsham church, and is now removed to Keswick!

a Ileg. \Voolman, F. 206. b Norris l\'fSS. c Dlomcfield in \\'est 13arsham. Norris MSS. ,! Sir I--I. Spelman. Gurney Pedigree. e Ring seals were common at this period. \Villiam Gurney's enamelled ring, with his seal and his badge, must have been in possession of the family when francis Gurney gave the Pedigree to Sir H. Spelman in 1639. A. D. 1496.] THE WRESTLING COLLAR. 401

B~~~mmy~whl~w~~~s~ different sorts, prevailed about this period. Of these, the knots of the Bourchiers, Staffords, and Veres are

Knight, to his brother, John Paston, TWO .\lE~ WRESTLL'\G WITII \VRESTLI~G COLLARS. rnrm STlffTT'S SPORTS A:';D P.\STD!ES, PLATE VJ, Esq. dated Calais, lYionday, 14 April, 1477, I 4th Edward IV. we find that vVilliam Gurney was negotiating the marriage between John Paston and Margery Brem,.C

"To John Paston, Esq. " Right worshipful and heartily beloved brother, I recommend me to you, letting you to weete, that as by Peirse :Moody when he was here I had no leisure to send answer in writing to you and to my cousin Gurnaye of your letters, but for a conclusion ye shall fincl me to you as kind as I may he, my conscience and worship saved, which, whrn I speak with you and them, ye hoth shall well understand; and I pray God send you as g·ood speed in that matter as I would ye had, and as I hope ye shall have ere this letter come to you ; ancl I pray God serni. you issue bet,veen you that may be as honourable as ever was any of your ancestors and theirs, ,vhereof I would be as glad in manner as of mine own; wherefore I pray you send me word how ye do ; and if God fortune me to do well, and be of any power, I will be to Sir Thomas Brewes and my lady his wife a very

a Dallaway's I-Ieralllry, p. 396. 0 Brothers of the same christian name frequently occur in ancient times. " fenn's Paston Letters, vol. ii. p. 2-15. 402 WILLIA:tlI GURNEY IV, [ PART IT. son in law fot your sake, and take them as ye do, and do for them as if I were in case like with them as ye be," &c. Again, in a letter dated 23rd January, 1469, from John Paston to his brother Sir John Paston.a " Item, yesterday \V. Gorney entered into Saxthorpe, and there was he keeping a court, and had the tenants attourned to him ; but ere the court was all done, I came thither with a man with me and no more, and there be­ fore him and all his fellowship, Gayne, Bomstead, &c. I charged the tenants that they should proceed no further in their court upon pain might fall of it; ancl they letted for a season, but they saw that I was not able to make my party good, and so they proceeded further. I saw that, and sat me down by the steward and blotted his book with my finger as he wrote, so all the tenants affirmed that the court was interrupted by me as in your right, and I requested them to record that there was no peaceable court kept, and so they said they would." Crepping's manor in Saxthorpe had been purchased by John Gurnay II. (see page 347), and was possessed by the family afterwards; this, how­ ever, from the letter just quoted, appears to have been disputed by the Pastons. (App. LXII. page 347.) This \Villiam Gurney was of council to the Duke of Norfolk. This council of the Duke of Norfolk, like that of other great barons, was similar to that of the King when he was surrounded by his privy council or coun­ sellors of state. In this assembly all matters relative to the disputes be­ tween his vassals and dependants were heard and determined. Orders and regulations respecting his own possessions were debated, and even his domestic affairs settled.b ·wmiam Gurney's intimate connection with the family of the Duke of Norfolk appears in a letter from Margery Paston to her husband.C '' Sir, on Saturday last past I spake with my cousin Gorney, and he

a Fenn's Paston Letters, vol. iv. p. 423.

h Fenn's Paston Letters, vol. v. p. 121, note. c Ibid. vol. v. p. 293, A. D. 1508.J HIS HOUSE IN POCKETHORPE. said if I would go to my lady of Norfolk and beseech her good grace to be your good and gracious lady, she would so be, for he said that one word of a woman would do more than the words of t,venty men, if I would rule my tongue, and speak none harm of mine uncle ; and if ye command me so for to do, I. trust I shall say nothing to my lady's displeasure, but to your profit; for he thinketh, &c. I understand by my cousin Gorney that my lady is near weary of her part; and he saith my lady shall come in pilgrimage into this town, but he knoweth not whether afore Christmas or after, and if I would then get my lady Calthorpe, my mother-in-law, my mother and myself, ancl come before my Lady beseeching her to be your good and gracious lady, he thinketh ye shall have an end, for fain she would be rid of it with her honor saved, hut yet money she would lrnYe. Dated Norwich, Non. 1482." vVilliam Gurnay and his wife were legatees in the will of Sir William Calthorpe, ult'o lVIaii 1494, " I, William Calthorpe, Knight, hequeth my body to be buried in the White freres of Norwich. Item, I will that my son \Villio.m Gournay, and my daughter his wief, have cc moder sheep."" \Villiam Gurney"s Norwich house was in Pockethorpe, which was ori­ ginally a suburb of the city, but afterwards formed part of it, including the parishes of St. James and St. Paul; the monastery of the Carmelites or Whitefriers was situated in it, where \Villiam Gurnay directed by will he should be buried. \Yilliam Gurnay IV. died before the 11th May 1508, when his will was proved at Lambeth. It is dated 2nd March 1507, and is as follows: " In the name of God, Amen. I, \Villiam Gurneye, Squyer, of Poke­ thorpe, by Norwich, the seconde day of the moneth of Marche, in the yere of our lord Goel l\1lvcvij, make my testament and last will at Pokethorpe aforesaide, in this forme folowing. First I comende my soule to almighty Goel, our blissed lady Seynt Mary, and to all the holy company of heven. And my bcdy to be buried in the church of \Vhite freers, within the per-

a Dodsworth's :\ISS. vol. xxii. fol. G4. Lansdowne MSS. Brit. Mus. No. 227, fol. 227. 3 G 404 '.YILLIA~I GURNAY IV. [PART II. close a of the same churche. In the which churche I will there be giYen in almes to poorc folks in penys, by the peny meal, xxli. H to eh'y preest, -.;eculer or reguler, beyng w"in the Citie of Norwich, to remembre me in his memeto, iiijd. H I bequeth to euy Clerke, beyng at 1ny Dirge in a ~mplis, iid. H I hequeth to etiy of the iiij orders of freers in Norwich xxs. It I bequeth to the Nonnes of Carowe, xxs. It I bequeth to the prior of the Cathedral Church of the holy Trynitie in Norwich, xls. HI bequeth to eche of the Susters of Normans,b iiijd. It I bequeth to eche house of seeke men by Norwich, xxd. H I bequeth to the Ankeres of Seynt .Tulyans in Norwich, xxd. HI will that the church of vVestbarsnm have a vestment of grene worsted vl myn armes and my wiffs in a skochen. It 1 will that ther be at Harple Church made a wimlowe in the steple wt the said armes. H I bequeth to the maicle of the saide Ankeres, iiijd. It I hequeth to my Suster Calthorpe, wife to '\Yilliam Calthorpe, Squyer, xls. a peyre of shetes of iiij yerds in bre

a The perclose was the screen which inclosed the square space at the end of an aisle of a church, and which generally contained an altar, and was used as a chantry.

iJ Norman's spital, or hospital, was in the parish of St. P,ml's at Norwich, and was so called from Norman the monk, its first master, who lived in the twelfth century. c This provision was in consequence of the minority of Anthony Gurney his grandson, who sncceede

Countie of N orfolke, v,hich I have purchaced, which he hath the posses­ sion and protitts of by myn assent and aggreement. It I will have an honest 1)reest to synge arnl pray for my soule and my wiffs soul by the space of tliree yeres, in the ·white Freers of Norwich. It I hequeth to the freers of Walsynghm, vis. viijd. H I hequeth to the freers of Burnnm, vis. viijd. H to the freers of Blaclrneye, vis. viijd. H to the Spitell house of \Valsynglim, xxd. H I bequeth to fr John Hogon, preest, vis. viijd. It I bequeth to the reparacon of the Churche of Seynt James in Norwich, vis. viijd. H to the Anker of \Vhite freers, vis. viijd. It I will that there n~mayn at \Vestlmrslim, viic' shepe, ancl the Residue I give to my son Tliomas Gurnaye. The Residue of all my goodes ,vh the detts to me owying I coniytte into the hands mul goode discrecion of my brocler vVil­ limn Calthorpe, aml my son Thomas Gurneye, whom I make and ordeyne myn executors. And beqth for their labor x mrke. Given the day, yere, and place abovesaicle. '" Probatum fuit suprascriptum testarnentum coram Domino apud Lmnehith vicesimo die mensis l\Iaii Anno Domini milesimo quinquegesimo octavo, juramcnto \Villclmi Calthorpe et Thoma:: Gurney executorum, &c." a \Villiam Calthorpe uamed in this will was vVilliam Calthorpe, of Pock­ thorpe, Esq. son of Sir vVilliam Calthorpe, Knight, as appears by his will at Norwich. Reg. Attmere 282 a. vVill prove

a From the Ilegistry of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury. u Norris }ISS. 406 "\VILLIAM GURNAY IV. [ PART II.

APPENDIX LXXII.

ON TIIE FA111LY OF CALTl!OllPE,

The Calthorpe family took their name from The Calthorpes continued to flourish in Nor­ Calthorpc in Norfolk, where they were seated folk and Suffolk, and were amongst the most imme

Calthorpe, who became Bishop of 'i\orwich in * Blomefielcl in Calthorpe. Calthorpe Pedigree in 1 :244, was one of this family. the Norris MSS. 407

"WILLIAM GURNEY V.

SoN of ·William Gurney IV. and Anne Calthorpe. In the 14 Henry VII. ( 14 99), he, by the style of William Gurney, Junior, and Thomas Sefoul, Esq. had a grant of the custody of the manors and lands of Roger vYooHenry Heydon, of Baconsthorpe, Knt. by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Geoffry Bulleyn, Lord Mayor of London,. with whom lw had the manor of Irsted as her fortune, ·which hacl been purchased by his father-in-law; his arms, im­ palinµ; Reydon, viz. Quarterly argent and gules, a cross engrailed counterchanged, vvere in the glass in Gurney's place, Norwich. (App. LXXlll.) \Yilliam Gurney occurs as living at Irsted in 1496, when "William Idewyn, vicar of Barton, appointed him supervisor of his willb; in 1497 he is also mentioned as of Irsted, and he occurs as party to a deed of land in Hove­ ton St. John, the 12th of Henry VII. 1500 ;" this year he presented to the church of Thuxton. In what year he died we do not find, but Sir Henry Spelman says that his father survived him. Anne, his widow, presented as such to the church of Depden in Suffolk, in 1505,'1 which manor must have been settled upon her and her husband. In the same year she was a legatee in the will of Sir R.oger Lestrange, Knt. of Hunstanton, who married her sister. "I Roger L'estrange, knight, bequeth my body to be buried in the chaun- cell of Hunstanton, &c.e HI wall that my syster Heydon, maistres

a Blomcfield in West I3arsham. b Reg. Multon, fol. 41. c Cart. penes J. Blofield, Esq. Norris MSS. ti Tanner's Inst. Bishop's Office, vol. ii. p. 282. Norris MSS. e lleg. Adeane, fol. 2, 7 Octr. 1505. 408 WILLIAM GURNEY V. [PART JL Townsend, and my syster Anne Strange, my syster l\far1?;aret Strange, and my :syster Gurnay, have eche of them a black gowne."a

\I' ['iii

I ''" ... ,,h1:, /h1 --.,,. . I

T01!D 01' WILLJAM GUllNAY V, AT WEST llAllSHAM.

" Dorl~worth's MSS. vol. xvii. fol. 102. Lansdowne MSS. No. 227. In a Pedig;ree of the A.D. 1500.] HIS TOMB AT WEST BARSHAM. 409

William Gurney V. was buried at West Barsham, where there still remains an ornamented slab stone to his memory, as appears by the irn1isti11ct remains of the cross impaling the cross, Gurney and Heyclon, in the shield in the centre, origina1ly filled up with engrailecl crosses in brass. The brass which formerly adorned this monument is all gone. I find no will of vVilliam Gurney V. probably in consequence of his dying in the lifetime of his father. He had issue: I. Anthony Gurney, his son and heir; 2. Henry, mentioned in Sir Lionel Dymocke's will; 3. Con­ stance; 4. Alice; 5. Frances, a daughter mentioned in the will of her aunt Dame Anne Heydon; and 6. Amy. l\lrs. Anne Gurney, widow of ..William, married to her second husband Sir Lionel Dymocke of Marynge-on-the-Hill, Lincolnshire, Knight, who mentions her sons in his will. "I, Leon Dymocke, of 1\farynge-on-the-Hill, in com. Lincoln, Knt." Hm I give to Antony Gurnay, my son, one gylt cup. Hm to Henry Gurnay, my sun, X nirks."b This Sir Lionel Dymocke was of the same family as the Dymockes of ScriYelsby, champions of England, descended from the Lords Marmion.

2. "'\,Valter Gurney of Cley- next-the-Sea, next brother to William Gurnay

Lestrangcs in the possession of Mr. Styleman Lestrange, Ann L'cstrange, sister of Sir ltog2r L'estrange, occurs married to ... Gourney, an11 the turns of Gurney impaling· L'estrange. Quere, whether the lady men­ tioned in the will of Sir Roger L'estrange was this sister of Sir Roger, or his sister-in .. law, :\Trs Anne Gurney (formerly Heydon), and has not a mistake arisen in the L'estrange 1iedigrcc from this will? I have not discovered any marriage between any individual of the ancient and di,­ tinguished family of Lestrange with a Gurnay; but the Gurneys of \Vest 13arsham were, for several generations, very nearly related to the Lestrangcs, by both families intermarrying with the families of I-Ieydon, Calthorpe, Lewkenor, and Stubbs. a Rl·g. Ayloff, fo. 23-25 Ap. 1512. b Dodsworth MSS. vol. 22, fol. 102 b. See the J\1onument of Sir Lionel Dymocke engraved in \V Pi r's History of Horncastle, page 30, where are the arms of Dymocke impaling I-Ieydon. This monument is in Horncastle Church, to which Marynge or Marhnm-on-the-Hill is an adjoin­ in;.\' parish. 410 \VILLIAM GURNEY V. [PART II.

V. was ancestor of the Gurneys of Cawston and Aylesham, who continued at those places for several generations. See an account of his descendants at the end of this part of our record.

3. Elizabeth, his sister, married to Clement Herward, Esq. of Alborough i11 Norfolk, before 1483, and was living in 1509. The Herwards were a family of great antiquity and considerable estate. (App LXXIV.)

4. Thomas Gurney, who had an annuity left him by his father from Harpley, and lands in Sculthorpe; he was ancestor of the Gurneys of Dartmouth in Devonshire, and of Richard Gurney, Sheriff of London in 1590, and of Sir Thomas Gurney, Knight, High Sheriff of Essex in 1622. See an account of his descendants at the end of this second part of this record.

5. Christopber, a priest, presented by his grandfather, Sir William Calthorpe, to the living of Hempstead in Happing, in 1485, and the same year by his father, William Gurney, Esq. to that of Harpley. This last benefice became vacant in 1511, which was probably the year of his death. APP. LXXIII.J REYDON OF BACONSTHORPE. 41!

APPENDIX LXXIII.

o:,.; Tl!E FA~!ILY OF HEYDON,

The family of the I-Ieydons take their name thorpe, a sumptuous pile. t He married Eliza­ from the town of Heydon in Norfolk. beth, daughter of Sir Geoffrey Boleyn, Knt. Thomas de I-Ieydon was a justice itinerant (great-grandfather of Queen Anne Boleyn,) in 1221; his descendants resided at Heydon Lord Mayor of London, by whom he had issue and Baconsthorpe for many generations, and three sons, and fivfl daughters, viz. were among the leading families of the I. Amy, married Sir Roger L'Estrange of county: they became Hunstanton ffa11. extinct during the civil 2. Dorothy, married Sir Thomas Brooke, wars in the 17th cen- son and heir of John Lord Cobham. tury.* They bore 3. Elizabeth, married \Valtcr Hobart, of for arms, Quarterly Hales Hall, in Loddon, Esq. argent and gules, a 4. Anne, married 'William Gurney, Esq. cross engrailed conn­ 5. Bridget, married Sir William Paston, terchanged. Knight. These ladies were through their mother Sir Ilenry Heydon, Knt. whose daughter nearly related to Queen Anne Boleyn. \Villiam Gurney married, was steward to the household of Ct>cilia Duchess of York, widow t The house at I3aconsthorpe is now a perfect ruin ; of Hiclwrd Duke of York, and mother of Ed­ it was a quadrangular house, with a gate-house about wnrd IV. IIc built t.he manor-house at Bacons- fifty yards in front, which is now turned into a farm­ house. In the church are some interesting monuments • Blomefiel

PEDIGREE 3 H 412 WILLIAM GURNEY V. [PART II.

PEDIGTIEE OF HEYDON.

1Yr11u,r HEY DON, of Ifoy

,v!LLL\)l lILHJOS, Est[, son an,! heir, temp, Ec!w. r.=r •• T R1c1urw. Trrmus, ol.,, 13,0. SDro:< HEnins, Es,1. temp. Edw. II.=r •••.

r------_J

8ir H1cnARD 1IEYDON, Knt. died in the wars D_\. YID JIEYDO,'{, Es,1,Tl\forgaret. & •• in France temp. Edw. III. son au,! heir. J _,.j Huuu I!noos, Esq. of Hcydon,ALICE, dau. of-- Leonard, of Heydon, Gent. r ...I \\~1LL1 ur Il1:n,o,, of Hcydc,n, Esq,T'lSADELL, dau, of John :\foore, of Norwich, Gent. temp. Richa1·d II.

HoJJEION, Knt. lmilt I3aconsthorpc=r=E11ZABicTll (somo say ANNE), dau, of Sir Geoffrey Boleyn, Hall, &c. OU. 1 un:;, f of London, Knt. TT7 BH.!DGET, rnarr. Sir Sir.JOHN HEYDON,Knt.-Cx1·HARl"E, dau. of ELIZ,lllbTII, rnarr. ,valter Hobart, of Hales "\Villiam l\iston, a great courtier and ex- SirChristopher"Wil - Hall, Esq. of Paston, Knt. pe1Hlcr in his father's luughby, Lor(l "\Vil~ Dor:oTJn-, marr. Sir Thomas Brooke, son and A,sE, marl'. 1n1- ti111e. After, a great loughby of Parharn, heir of Lord Cobham. lian1 Gm·1H'Y, Esq, lmsban

'fho above pedigree is chiefly taken from tho Norris l\ISS. APP. LXXIV.] HERWARD OF ALDBOROUGH. 413

APPENDIX LXXIV.

0:-1 TIIE F ,DllL Y OF HER \VA RD,

The I-forwards of Aldborough, near Cromer, Clement Herward, of Aldeburgh, Esq. by were a. family of considerable antiquity and his will, elated 1G October, 1509, and provell large possessions in that part of Norfolk. They 2 August, 1510, directed to be buried in the liecame extinct in the 16th century, and their church there,t To Robert, his son, he gave his prop0rty descended to t11e Parkers of Honing, manor of Aldeburgh, but Elizabeth his wife an ancient family there se[Lted.S* Their manor­ to have the new lodgings there above, from Pnd house at Alr\borongh was very large, in a small to end, and to have meat and drink for hersPlf part of which, remaining in the time of l\1r. and two servants as long as she pleased to con­ Korris, were still in the windows, amongst tinue there ; his executors, after the rlrceasc of other coats, the following: Herwarc\, Azure, a the said Elizabeth his wife, to i·cceive the issues fess gobonne gules and vcrt, between three owls and profits of his manors. To Philip, his su11, argent. Gurney, Argent, a cross engrailecl if he will be a priest, £ 10 or more, to purchas" gnles. him a licence to be a priest before his years, and to get him a plurality;+ if he will not be a priest, then to bind him apprentice. To his daughter \Vynter, 20 ewes. His son-in-law, Henry \Vynter, to have all his wethers at l\1ichs. at £9 a hundred. Executors: Elizabeth his wife, Robert Her­ ward his brother, Hobert and Henry his wns ; Supervisor, Sir John Heydon, Knt.

HER"\YAHD. nur-t:;-;-EY. t Reg. Splyttym\Jre, 237a. Norris l\ISS. * l\lomefield in Aldl,orough. ! Philip Hc·rwar,l was Rector of Stiffkey. 414

ANTHONY GURNEY,

SO'.'l"· of ·William Gurney V. by Anne Reydon, his wife, and heir of his grandfather ·wmiam IV. He occurs as presenting to the church at He married before 1519 Margaret, one of the daughters and coheirs of Sir Robert Lovell, Knight, by which marriage the Gurneys acquired Ellingham Hall manor in Great Ellingham, Mortimer's manor in Rockland Tofts, the manor and advowson of Scoulton, and the lesser aclvowson of .Attleborough. These fiefs were a portion of those held by the Lurds Mortimer of Attle­ borough, from ·whom Sir Robert Lovell's lady was descended. Sir Robert Lovell, by his will, elated 20 December, 1519, and prm-ed in 1522, gave divers legacies to his daughter Gurney.a (App. LXXVIII.) He was brother and coheir of Sir Thomas Lovell, Knight of the Garter, and Privy Councillor to Kings Henry VII. and VIII., who mentions Anthony Gurney in his will, dated 10th Dec. 1522, 14th Henry VIII. " I, Thomas Lovell, Knight, of the Garter, &c. Item, I gi,·e to eueriche of William Husay, John Fitzlewes, Anthony Gurney, and John Billesby, which have married my brother Sir Robert Lovell's daughters, 1 J 00 i. towards the fyndyng their children to schole and marriage of them," &c. Sir Robert Lovell married Ela Conyers, one of the daughters and coheirs of Thomas Conyers, Esq. who, through the ancient family of the Fitz Ralphs, was one of the representatives of the noble house of Mortimer, of Attleborough,1' from which circumstance the descendants of Anthony Gurney and Margaret Lovell quartered the arms of Lovell, Conyers, Fitz Ralph, and Mortimer, viz. :--

a Reg. Briggs, F. 116 b. Norris MSS. 0 Norris l\TSS. Blomeficld in Great Ellingham. A.D. 1522.] ARMS QUARTERED. 415

Lovell: Argent, a chevron azure between three squirrels sejant gules. (App. LXXVIII.) Conyers: Azure, a maunche or: (App. LXXVII.) ie ,, ie t ,t ,t t t ~t'& +- ....~ ~t ---9--

Fitz Ralph: Or, upon three chevronels gules twelve fleurs-de-lis, 5, 4, 3, argent. (App. LXXVI.) .Mortimer, of Attleborough: Or, fleure delis sable. (App. LXXV.)

By this marriage of Anthony Gurney and Margaret Lovell, the estates of the Gurneys of vVest Barsham were considerably increased, and the family became one amongst the coheirs of the Barony of Mortimer of Attleborough. Anthony Gurney presented by grant to the lesser rectory of Attlebo­ rough, called West Ker, in 1524, in 1536, and again in 1544; and in 156.5 Sir Christopher I-Ieydon, Knight, his executor, presented in his right.a Anthony Gurney is sometimes written of West Barsham, sometimes of lrsteacl, particularly in 1546, but most frequently of Ellingham l\fagna,1-'

a Blomcfield in Attleborough. u Norris MSS. Tunstcad, p. 35. 416 ANTHONY GURNEY. [PART II. an estate which came to him after the death of Henry Spelmnn, of Elling­ ham, E:sq. in the year 1524, and to which his wife vrns heir. The said Henry Spelman being the only surviving child of Thomas Spelman, Esq. and Anne his wife, the other daughter and coheir of the before-named Thomas Conyers, Esq. In 152°1 he was executor to this Henry Spelman, his· wife's relation.a In 1530 he was a feoffee for Robert Walcot, of Kerbrooke, Gent.b In 1533, " Mr. Gurney" occurs amongst the strangers visiting· at Hun­ stanton Hall, as appears by the household accounts in the handwriting of the lady of Sir Thomas L'Estrange, in the possession of the present l\fr. Stylernan L'Estrange. (App. LXXIX.) In l 533, vVilliam, Abbot of St. Bennet's-in-the-Holme, by indenture, dated 11 January, 25th Henry VIII. leased to Anthony Gurney the site of the manor of N eatshercl near Irstead, and the· parsonage there, with the patronage of the vicarage, &c. to hold for the term of forty years, from the 28th of September last past. This appropriation of church property in his favour was during the power of Anne Boleyn, who was his relation.e He was lord of the manor of Swathings in Har

a Reg. Alb.blaster, p. 130. Norris i\ISS. l> Reg. Palgrave, fol. 144. Norris l\ISS. ~ Anthony Garney and Queen Anne Boleyn were second cousins, as will appear by the following de;,ccnt :-

Sir GEOFFRY DoLEY:V, Lord l\foyor of London.=f ...... r r Sir Wn.L1.rn lJOLBY;-;.=;= ....•• Sir Hemy lIEYDON.=j=EL!ZADET!l BOLEYN. r-----.J ', Sir T1!0,L\S BoLEY:v.=r: ...... WILLIAM GuR:VEY,'rANN HEYDDN, r .J QT'EEN AN1'E lJOLEY:V. AliTHo:-;y Gun~EY.

Many No1folk families were nearly related to Anne Boleyn; but it does not appear that Queen Elizabc•th much patronized her Norfolk kindred. d momeficld in Hardingharn. A. D. 1536.] FAMILY OF TYRRELL. 417 tween Sir John Allen, Knt. and others, querents, and Anthony Gurney and Elizabetha his wifo, clefenclents, of the manor of Gnrney, alias Harpley, &c. And in Trin. 2--1 Hen. YIII. 1532, a fine was levied between John Tyrrell and others, querenb, and Anthony Gurnry, dcfenclent, of the manor of l-larplcy, ,d1ich I think may htffe been on his marriage with Elizabeth Tyrrell.1, I clo not find from what branch of the ancient and knightly family of Tyrrell, Elizabeth, the wife of Anthony Gurney, sprung, but it seems likely she was one of the Tirrells of Gipping in Suffolk. The Tyrrells are undoubt­ er1ly of Norman origin, an cl are descended from vValter Tyrrell, who held lands in Essex at the Survey. It seems doubtful ' r-rrrrrvv") I ~II~~ whether this is the same individual who is said to hm·e

<;~ ~ 1 shot the fatal arrow at 'William Rufus, and who was 'c ~ lord of Poix in Picanly. The Tyrrells 1:iranclted from ?..-{/ the parent stem in Essex into several counties. They bore, Argent, two chevronels azure, within a bordure engrailecl gules. In 1.537 "\Villiam Ugge was presented to the living of Harpley by Thomas Godsah·e, as assignee of Anthony Gurney ; and soon after, Gurney's manor in Harpley, which had been possessed by his family since the reign of Henrr II. was conveyed to Richard Southwell, Esq.c probably in some settlement at his second marriage. In l 53t5 he occurs as lord of the mnnor of Scolton, and patron of the church there, which was of his wife's inheritance; he sold this manor in

a Elizabeth Tyrrell was perhaps the same who had previously married I-Icmy Spelman, Esq. of Great Ellingham, cousin of Anthony Gurney's first wife. b Norris l\ISS. p 52, in lrstead. Addit. MSS. l\Ius. Brit. 8841, in I-Tarpley. Cook Claren­ ceam:, Pcdig-rec. This is contained in a volume of pedigrees by Cook, purchased at the Straw­ bcny J Iill sale. That of the Gurneys is brought down to the year 1G22, by a later hand.

c Anthony Gurney, Esq. by deed, dated 12 Feb. in the 25th year of King Henry VIII. settled this mc1nor on Richard Southwell, Esq. with the manor of Hurstcad (lrstcad), now vested for 200 1,omHls sterling, with all his lands in I-farplcy, Great and Little l\Iassingham, Howston (Howton), East and \\'est Rudham, Kursted, Nctisherd, and Darton. (Inter Cart3s Rogeri Potts, Ifar'i. 170G). Norris l\ISS. 418 ANTHONY GURNEY, [PART II.

1540.a From this and other alienations of property it seems that, although his estates had been much increased from his first marriage, he was cer­ tainly involved in pecuniary difficulties, from which, we believe, the West Barsham Gurneys never fully recovered. Gurney's-place, in the parish of St. Julian, Norwich, was his town resi­ dence ;. it was a fine old city mansion, which has been pulled down of late years: within the recollection of persons now living, the large hall existed, used as a manufactory, in the bay window of which were the following arms, which, together with the glass belonging to the Gawdys, to whom it afterwards belonged, are still preserved at Keswick.

GURNEY, D!PALJNG CALTHORPE, GURNEY, DIPALWG IIEYDO:'<.

GUR:lEY, Il!PALING KERVJLLE, GURNEY, nIPALING , • • , • •

Mr. Kirkpatrick saw also two others now broken, viz.-

a Blomefield in Scolton. A. D. 1546.] FOREMAN OF GRAND JURY-EA~L OF SURREY. 419

Quarterly : l st. Warren ; 2nd. Swathing? or Scrape ? 3rd. Gurney ; 4th. Damp martin ? or Cailey ? Gurney, impaling Wauncy. This house was sold to Thomas Gawdy, Esq. after the death of Anthony

Gurney. a In 1546 Anthony Gurney ,cvas foreman of the grand jury who found the unfortunate Earl of Surrey guilty of high treason : the chief act of " treason" being the Earl's having quartered the arms of Edward the Confessor with a label, stated in the indictment to be the distinctive arms of the Prince Royal of England. The following is the list of the grand jury who found the bill against the Earl of Surrey, 38th Henry VIII.:- Anthony Gurney, Esq. Thomas Codde, Gent. William Brampton, Esq~ Robert Lovedail, Gent. John Berney, Esq. Richard Spooner, Gent. George Horseman, Esq. ·William Drake, Gent. Ralph Shelton, Esq. Thomas Aldericke, Gent. Edmund \Vode, Gent. John Thetford, Gent. Robert Rugge, Gent. Thomas Hare, Gent. ·wmiam Rogers, Gent. Henry Dengaine, Gent. Most of these are the names of citizens of Norwich, where the bill was found by the grand jury, although the trial took place in London. Henry Dengaine, the last of these, was of Brunstead in Norfolk, and was mar­ ried to Anthony Gurney's sister. The grand jury who found the unfor-

a Norris :VISS. 3 l 420 ANTHONY GURNEY. [PART II.

tunate Earl guilty of high treason, and the jury before whom he was ti-ied in London, consisted of Norfolk men, for the pmpose, it is said, of giving a greater appearance of justice to the proceedings against him, from the juries being selected from a county where his chief influence lay. I have before mentioned that the Gurneys of West Barsham were amongst the families who were under the influence of the princely house of Howard; and it is remarkable that in the very same year ( 1547) that the Earl of Surrey was beheaded, his daughter Lady Jane Howard stood sponsor for a grandchild of Anthony Gurney (Frances, daughter of ]?rancis Gurney, of Irstead); and in 1550 the widowed Countess of Surrey under­ took the same office for a grandson, so that Anthony Gurney having been upon this 6>-rand jury had not the effect of alienating him and his son from the family of the Earl of Surrey, at least according to appearances. By Margaret Lovell his wife, who was born in 1·199,' Anthony Gurney had issue: 1st, Francis his son, who

a Coh,'s Escheat;;. Harl, :\ISS. 759, p. 167. b Pedigtee. Cook, Clarenceaux. A. D. 1555.j HIS WILL. 421

daie, and twelmonth daie, shal be done such deds of charytie unto y' relieff of the poore as by myn executors shal be thought most expedient. Hm. I will that myn executors shall have two partes of all my rnannors, lands, and tenements, w'thir appurtenaunces, in three partes equallye devyded, lieng and being w'in the sayde co untie of N orff", being holden by knyhtes service, to have and to holde the sayde two partes of all my sayde mannors, lands, and tenements, with there appurtenances, holden by knyghtes ser­ vice, to myn executors and other assignes, from the tlayc of my deceas, until th'end of the tcrme of fortenne yeres then next followinge be fullie complete ancl endid, and the profightes and issewcs cominge of the same two partes by the sayed tearme of fortenne yeres to lie employed and bestowed in and towards the payment of my debtes, legacies, antl per­ formance of this my testament and last will. Hm. I will that my saycle executors shall have the resydcw of all my manners, lantls, and tenements, w'ther appt'naunces, licnge and beingc in the saycle countic, being not holden by knyghtes service, to have and to holde all the sayd mannors, lands, and tenements w'thcr appurtenances so being not holden in knig·hts service to my sayd executors ancl thcr assignes, from the sayde

and I will that so much of the resydew of the issewes and profightes of the same primss's as shal be thought meat by myne executors shall be bestowed in and towarde the educac'on and bringinge upp of Anthonye Gurney, Elizabeth Gurney, Frances Gurney, Anne Gurney, and Anthonye Drurye, my grandchildren; and farther I will that the overplus of the same issewes remayning at thende of the said fortenne yeres shall be equallie devyded and payd by my sayde executors, or ther assignes, to my sayde grand­ children then being alyve. The resydew of my goods and cattalls not before given and bequeathed I comitt to the good order and dispocicion of myne executors whom I ordeyn and make Sr Christofer Heydon, Knight, and Robt Holdich, Esquier. In witnes wherof to this my pnt testament and last ,vill I have sette my seale and subscribed my name the daye and yere above written. Witnes to this pnt will and testament, Anthonye Twayghtes, Thoms Flegge, John Cadie, and Jamys Smythe. " Proved l O December 1557, by the oaths of the executors within named."

.. c. ~c:"'1!'h~==== cl",' ---_ -==---:-.J?:-: - -- ~----~ ·~¥F-

-·- :-~--;= -;-=~~~~~-;~---

GREAT ELLINGHA>l llALL.

• Register Jagges, fol. 135, b. A. D. 1556.] INQUISITIO POST MORTEM. 423

The profits and issues to accrue for 14 years from the date of this will were so bequeathed to pay debts, and to provide for the younger children of Francis Gurney, eldest son of Anthony Gurney, who died in his life­ time. Henry Gurney, eldest son of Francis, was born the 21st Jan. 1548, and ,vould therefore come of age in 1560, the year when this term of fourteen years would expire, the will being dated in 1555. By an inquisition taken at ·walsingharn 27 March, 2d and 3d year of Philip and Mary ( 1556), Anthony Gurney was found to die seized of Irsted manors, Barton, Netysherd, Dylhm, Tunsteacl, Smallborough, Horninge and Barton, held of the Bishop of Norwich ; of the manor of Ellingham, in Great Ellingham, held of the heirs of Robert Lord Barclolf in soccage ; of the manor of \Vest Barsham, of Henry Lord Matravers and Anne his wife, as of the manor of Castleacre, by service of one knigh~'s fee, ancl of Gurney's manor in Hingham, of the heirs of Henry Clyppesby.a Great Ellingham Hall still exists as a farmhouse, although much dilapi­ dated, but still retaining the appearance of having been a manor-house,

,\, • ·:r....,,..,, l...-.;_r.:..,·•. , !;·.• ~ _ - ~.....--..... ---·- ~£ • .,1;·:.- S,

GREH ELLl:-iGILDI HALL.

a Cole's Escheats, Harl. MSS. 760, page 312. ANTHONY GURNEY. [ PART II. and is moated round, with a stew pond near. The moat includes ,vithin it about half an acre, and beyond are a large barn ancl ancient outbuildings. 4 I)('I ~ ·'f,.-~l,.. •i .. . -f-l'~ The following escutcheons are enumerated as remain­ 'I "\") ('(" "~'°·r- *.,. ."1.".r- :~ (I..A~, 'f. ~~ ~ ing formerly " In John Tuthill his house called Berry­ 1-r 1'11 4- ;, \ 1 r;rrt;;; .~' 'f hall."a \~., ( ~~:tif" "' \., ( I>, I\ " I. Gurnay, arg, a crosse engrayled g, and sideth or 6 ,. 4ff (',\"J ( ~~ 1· florete de S. (Mortimer.) -~I" , •7·/

2. Gurnay, and sideth arg on a chefion az: a mollete or, betwene 3 squyrrells seiaunte g (Lovell). 3. Gurnay, and sideth arg ij che~ons az: a border engraylede g (Tyrrell). 4. Gurnay, and sideth Haydon.

Gurnay, and sideth Calthorpe. Gurnay, a: ,d sideth arg 3 mascules g (Jerningham). 1 Gurnay, f .1d sideth g 3 lefte hands coope' arg" (Wauncy).

a Lansdowne l'vISS. 260, fol. 235, v. Berry Hall was the secondary manor in Great Ellingham. A. D. 1556.j BLUNDEVILLE-BOKENHAM-DENGATNE. 425

CONSTANCE, eldest sister of Anthony Gurney, married first Ralph Blunde­ ville, of Newton Flotman, Gentleman, and, secondly, "William Bokenham." The Blundevilles were possessed of Newton Flotman as early as the reign of King John, and retained it many centuries; there is a fine mural monument, with a brass, erected to three of this family, of whom this Ralph is one. He died in 1514. His arms, Quarterly and per fess indented or and azure, over all a bend gules, impaling, Argent, a cross engrailed gules, are on the monument. The Bokenhams were a distinguished family, taking their name from Bokenham, or Buckenham, in Norfolk, in which county and Suffolk they long flourished. Their arms were, Quarterly argent and azure, a bendlet gobonne sable and or. The principal seats of this family were Snetterton in Norfolk and Livermere in Suffolk. Constance Bucken- ham, widow, died in 1562. By her will she gives to her son Edmund Blomville, or Blundeville, a cup and cover silver gilt; to her son "William Blomvile two silver salts and other plate; to her son Sir John Blonwyle, priest, other legacies, &c.b ALICE, second sister of Anthony Gurney, was married to Henry D'Engaine, of Brunsteacl, in Norfolk, Esq. The D'En- I ~~~ 1f~ WwJJlffe'i gaines of that place were a younger branch of the /'\/\_/'\/'\_/' baronial family of the same name, lords of Upminster /\ in Essex.c The noble branch ended in coheiresses, ·-.f·,, 4 l Echvard III. . ' They bore for arms, Azure, a fess dancette argent, between five escallops or, three, two.

Contemporary, and probably another sister, was LADY ELIZABETH GcRXEY, installed prioress of Thetford Nunnery in 1518, died l 519.

a >-'orris i\ISS. Funeral 1\'Ionuments, vol. iii. p. ,57.

h Xorris :.ISS. c Norris MSS. Funeral ]Wonuments, p. 73. 426 ANTHONY GURNEY. [PART II.

FRANCES GuRNEY, another sister of Anthony, is mentioned in the will of her aunt dame Anne Heydon, I 7 Deer. 1509 : '' I, dame Anne Heydon, relict of Sir John Reydon. Hm, I bequeth to my nece Fraunces Gurney yearly xxs. and xxli. in money to her marriage, &c.a" According to Cook, Clarenceaux, she married --- Gascoigne, of Yorkshire.

From the same authority Anthony Gurney had another sister AMY, married to John Sybsey, Gentleman.

HENRY, a brother, is also mentioned in the will of Sir Lionel Dymocke, Knight, his step-father.

CoNTEMPORARY.-At this period lived Henry Gurney,1' who married Catharine, aunt of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, according to the subjoined pedigree.

Sir W1LLI.\'1 BI\ANDOX1 12th Henry VII.fELIZ.\llETH,

a Dodsworth MSS. vol. xvii. fol. 1146. Lansdowne MSS. No. 227. 0 ·wright's History of Rutland. Tixover, page 126. Brandons.

e Lysons's Environs of London, vol. ii. p, 373. A. D. 1556.] SWAN MARKS. 427

The following extract is from Dame Elizabeth Brandon's will.

"I, Elizabeth Brandon, a bequeath my body to be buryed as nere the tombe of Sir William Brandon, my husband, as may be. Hm, I will that my manor of Cravens, in Benham, remayne to Sir Robert Brandon, my son, &c.; reni to Kateryne Gurney, my daughter, &c. Ano. 1491."b Tuo;1,1s .--1GoRNEY.::,=AN:rn,

Euz.,BET11.=,=1V.-,LTER AYscouGn, of Blythl.Jo­ CnmsTIAN.::,=J,urns DAR- MARIA. ELIZABETII (quxrc)mar. John rougl1, co. Lincoln, Lord of NELL. Trye, of Hanlwick, co. Glou- ;-; 01th Carlton, Lincolnshire, cester, 7 l--7 AYsCOl'Gll, of l3lyliurgh, 1562. An.nr DAR:-.ELL, of Thornholme.

(From a l\18, in the Heralds' College.) The Ayscoughs and Darnells quartered Gurney and Helin. The swan mark of "Mr. Gurney" here given, is in a swan roll headed " Carolo Wyndham Equiti depinxit John Marti­ nus, A.D. 1673 ; " but it is the copy of a more ancient swan roll relating to Norfolk, as it contains the mark of Carrow Abbey, dissolved in I 537, and of other religious houses. I therefore insert the swan mark here, as being probably of about this date.

By statute in 1482, no one was allowed to keep swans unless he had the qualification of 5 marks a year in land, and the swan marks were regularly registered in rolls. The swan mark, called by Sir Edward Coke Cigninota, was cut in the skin on the beak of the swan with a sharp knife or other instrument. These marks consisted of annulets, chevrons, crescents, crosses, initial letters, and other devices, some of ·which had reference to the heraldic arms, or the office of the swan o-wner. c

a Heg. Hearne, fol. 9, " Dodsworth :\ISS. vol. xvii. fol. 70 a. Lansdowne l\ISS. No. 227.

c Yarrcll's British Birds, vol. iii. p. 122-130. 3K 428 ANTHONY GURNEY. LPART II.

APPENDIX LXXV.

ON THE MORTIJ\1ERS OF ATTLEBOROUGH.

The common ancestor of the noble houses of the last Mortimer Earl of March, and wife of Mortimer Earls of l\Jarch, and "Warren Earls the Earl of Cambridge, brother of Edward of \\'arrcn and Surrey, was 'William de Va­ Duke of York.§ rennes, * or de Saint l\1artin,t husband of one of Several younger branches of Laronial rank the nieces of Gonnora Duchess of Richard the have at different periods diyergcd from this first Duke of Normandy, by whom he had two parent stem.I/ Of these the most importaut sons, Roger de :\fortimer, whose descendants are were the l\Iortimers of Hicard's Castle in now under our notice, and \Villiam de \Varren, Herefordshire; and, according to some authors, of whose fomily we have given an account at the I\Iortimers of Attleborough in Norfolk. p. 73 of this record. It is nearly impossible, at this distance of' Roger the eldest was Lord of :Ivlortemcr sur time, absolutely to fix a descent where landed Eaune in Normandy, from whence the name of property did not accompany it ; and therefore his family; and was one of the commanders the affifotion of a younger branch at these yery in the famous engagement that took place there early periods i~ ran•ly to be discovered !mt by a in the year 1054, between the Normans and compariwn of tl1e dales of the founder of such the Frencli, in which the hitter sustained so branch with the younger sons of the parent signal a defcat.t His son, Raoul de Mortemer, house, his contemporaries. accompanied the Conqueror to England, was The Mortimcrs of Attleborough arc de­ present at the battle of Hastings, and after­ scended from Robert de Mortimer or ]Hortuo­ wards greatly distinguished himself in the sub­ Mari, who was seized of the advowson of the jugation of the Marches of Wales, in which Church at Stanford in Norfolk, in the time of district the Castle of 'IVigmore, which he had Henry II. as is proYed by a trial in the reign taken from the Earl of Shrcw~bury, wa~ situated, of Edward I. when William de l\Iortemer, of :iml was, togetlwr with the other estates of that Kingston and A ttlcburgh, set forth liis pedi­ noolcman, granterl to him. The elder branch gree;~ from this Hobert de J\fortimer, who of his descendants continued in possession of it, had issue "William his son and heir, who had togetl1cr with the title of Earls of March, for Robert his son and heir, who had a second twelve gencr3tions in the male line, which then vVilliarn his son and heir, who had issue J1obcrt, becoming extinct, it was carried to Richard who was father of Sir 'IVilliam the demandant, Duke of York Ly his mother Anne, sister of § Dugdale's Baronage, vol. i. p. L12. * \\'illiam de J urnicgcs, 11 Ibid. passim. t Ordcric. Vital. ,I Placit. jurat. assis. ap'd Norw. &c, Hilar, anno + Roman de Ron, edit. of Pluquct. 14 Edw. I. Rot, 2. Blometiclcl in Attleborough. APP. LXXV.] MORTIMER OF ATTLEBOROUGH. 429 which is further confirmed by a plea in the was the first possessor of Ricard's Castlc,t in Sth of John, as follows:·* which we suspect him in error, and to have " Jnratores dicunt qnod Hobertns de :\1or­ confounded the Hobert living in the reign of tnornari an1s Hobcrti de :ifortuomari presenta­ Henry II. with Robert, third son of Ilogrr vit 11ltimurn personam a

* Al.,hrev. Placit. Term. Sancti l\!ichs. anno R. + Dugclale's Baronage, under Mortimer of \Vigmore J,,J,. \''"· Rot. lJ in dorso, p. 45. and Ricard's Castle. t Lilicr Kiger Scace. pnli. by Hearne, Yo!. i. p. 159. § Testa de :-Seville, 1-lereford, Hundred of \Vnlfcgc, 309, p. 66 of printed edition.

R,,ot·L !lE ;\[01nrn1m, who accompanied the Con~ueror to Englancl in 1066,=f)!iucENT. !st Lunl of \\'igmorc Castle. I r------, ----- ,------1 \\"11,1,1.1,1 ,,,: :lion- Jic,:o DJ: :llortTI\IER, Lonl=;=:IL,TILDA, Ro11i-:1tn's DE 7\IouTrnER, in Hereford, 1Z TL\!Ln, L()rd of of \Yigmure temp. Hen. I

Hren nE :\loR­ 1 w. JI1L1-=;=RoGER nE ~fORTI•=j=:2 ,,·. Is.\HELL, sistCI' antl heiress of RALl'IJ. \\'1LLl.1>J, TDI EH, Lord of CJ?~, d,~u. "'~~a, in ~Tormandy II-I ugh de ~1'errers, LorLl of Oaklian1, ulJ. un- ChL'lmar::;h after ot F errers with R1c•hanl I. who lllaJT1cd the dau. and heir of married in Lis uncle Wil­ Earl of ol,iit 17 Jolrn, Hngl1 ,le Say, Lor,! of Ricard's foreign liam. Derby. 1215. Castle. parts. r----, r-1------,-----·-----7 2 ,laugh- JJcuo m: Mo1t-=1\IAUDE, . ~u E

Blomcficld "' considers the difference in the l\fortimer of Ricard's Castle bore for arms tho~, arms of the 1\Iortimers of Attleborough from of J\Iortimer Earls of l\Iarch, viz. Barry of six, those of the Earls of March a proof of their or and azure, an incscotcheon ,trgcnt; a chief being of a distinct race; in this he is probably of the first, pal y of the second, the corners mistaken, as many instances might be ad­ gyrony, with a bend gulcs over all for tliJforPnct·. duced of different branches of the same family In the siege of Karlavcroek t Ilugh de Mor­ bearing arms entirely dissimilar, although the timer, last of the name, Loru of Ricard's Castle, common practice was certainly to use a varia­ is shown by that poem, as well as by the tion of the same. authority of seals of that Daron, referred to in the notes, to have been Gules, two bars vaire, on his banner ; whilst his brother \Villiam, commonly called Zouche of J\.Iortimer, bore a variation on the Arms of his mother, the heiress of Zouche, Azure bczante.§

~rORTDIER OF ATTLE­ JIORTDIER OF R!C.IRD'S UO!lOUGfl. CA8TLE. There is a great similarity between the arms of the Mortimers of Attleborough and those of Ricard',, Castle; the former used, Or, scme de lis sable; the latter, Barre of six or and vert, seme de lis counterchanged, as is seen by MORTIMErt OF RIC,utn·s ZOUCIIE VF ~IORTDIETL CASTLE. the seal of Hugh, second Lord of Ricard's A branch of the 1\Iortimers was .very early Castle,t and also formerly in the windows of seated at Attleborough, in the county of N'or­ Attleborough church. folk: the Robert de Mortimer before alluded to is considered by Blomeficld to have been lord of this manor. fl \Vhether or not he was the same Robert de J\Iortimer who held fiefs in Herefordshire must be doubtful. A Robert de Mortimer witnessed the foundation deed of Castleacre Priory by William 1st Earl \Varreu some time before the year 1000.~ .At the Survey this manor of Attleborough belong·ed tu

:'ifORTDIER OF wro,wRE, MORTnIER OF me.mu's CASTLE. t Published by Nicolas, pp. 40 and 239. Banks, in his Extinct Baronage, asserts that § Nicolas, Roll of Arms temp. Ed. HI. p. 0, * Blomefield in Attlchor9ugh. Blomcfield in Attleborough. t Dugdale's Daronage, yo]. i. page 153; ~ Dugdalc's l\fonasticon, new editio:1. APP. LXXV.] MORTIMER OF ATTLEBOROUGH. 431

Roger filius Ileinardi, who perhaps might be the manor of Scoulton Ill Norfolk. To this ancestor of the .i\Iortiruers of Attleborough, Robert also relates the following plea of the and his father, Hcinanlns, the same person as 6th of llicharcl I. Haoul or Heginaldus de Mortimer, who came '' Hobertus de Mortuomari invenit plegiurn orcr at the Conquest, and was ancestor of the quad queret paccm infra fcstum sancti Hilarii Earl, of .\larch. \Ve have seen that the \Var­ versus Dominurn llcgem per Dominum Can­ re11s and ;\Iortimers of \Vales were of the same ccllnrinm de co quad ipse turniavit sine liccn­ race ; and there certainly existed a strong con­ tia. Et sunt plegii comes Rogcrus I3igod, nection oetwcen the Attleborough .i\fortimers Galfridus de Sai, \Villelmus de Warren. Et and the \Varrens, which confirms the idea of preceptum est vicecomiti quod faciat ci haoere the former being of the same family as the seisinam terrarum suarum," &e. Rot. II. \\'el ,h :\Iortimers. This Sir Rooert, and his son "William, were Blonwfield, howHer, seems to imply that he both in arms against King John, in his Barons' thinks the Attleborough :\Iortimers were a wars§ in 1205; and in 1215, the lands held by distinct race from the others; and that they them in Lincolnshire were forfeited and givrn came from :\Iortcmcr in Poictou; there are, by that monarch to lloiiert de .Mortimer, of however, two .i\Iortcrncrs in Normandy-1\Ior­ Hicard's Castle, whose son William held tlwm tC'mer-sur-Eaulne, from whence the family of in the time of Edward I. II the Earls of March came; and another, .l\for­ In 1218 Sir William de Mortimer held 011e tC'mer-en-Lions, which last may have been the knight's fee iu Attleborough, Dernham Brome, berccau of the Attleborough family, if it was a Little Ellingham, and Tofts, and half a fee in distinct race: the word :\Iortcmer, signifying Stanford and Duckenham Parva, and half a fee stagnant lake or watPr, is not unfrequent. in Sculton. His son, Sir Robert, was living· That Robert de :\fortemer was ancestor when the Barons rose against Henry III. in the farnil y is certain, from the fines already 1263, at which time his houses were burnt antl quoted. To an old tleed in the Cotton Library" his stocks wasted by Sir Henry Hastings,4T and is the seal of Sir William :\Iortimer of Attle­ he died this same year, when his son ·William borough, Kniglit, 1cing· the effigies of himself de Mortimer was in the custody of the Earl rilling full speed on horseback, with a sword \Varrcn. This \Villiam claimed the aIari; and also of ~ illomeflcld ut supra. Rot. de Rebel. -19 Hen. II r. In Turrc Lund. " Blolllcneld in Attleborough. ** Plaeit. apud Norw. Term. Hilar. An°, 1-1 E,1. I. t Abbrev. l'lacit. fi Joh. Terrn. S. ~lich. Rot. 14. Rot. J. 432 ANTHONY GURNEY. [ PART II.

In 1293 he was summoned to attend the Bikcrston cccl'ia \ King into Gascoigne, and in 1296 was snm­ Sculton eccl'ia l fooda Norff',t mo1H'll to parliament among the barons of the A tcllmrg eccl 'ia ) realm, in which year, being again in France, he The 27 Edw. I. John Earl of ',\'arren pc- was taken prisoner, carried to Paris, and died titioned the king to h::we the custody of the there,* when, by the name of \Villiam de l\for­ heir of \Villiam de Mortimer restored to him, timer of Kingston, he was found seized of the who held of him in ·the manor of Attleborough, following manors :t­ and who had died whilst he, the earl, was serv­ Herlawcstou ten' et tene- , ing the King in Scotland, and that the King's ment' Lincoln'. escheator had entered upon the wardship, and Grantham cur' sect' j allotted the widow her dower. The petition K yng-cstone rnaner' extent' was granted.§ et advoc' eccl' et ca- 1Cantabr', This William founded the chapel now called pelle I Mortimer's Chapel at Attleborough, and was .A ttleburgh maner' extent' buried in it,11 Sculton maner' extent' Norfolc'. Constantine was his son and heir, and was

Bernharn maner' extent' ~I sixteen years old when his father died. This Kingc•ston eccl'ia et hundr' Constantine was, in J 307, one of the great men \Yincpok food' feoda Cantabr. in the retinue of John de \Varren, Earl of Evers done ~I Surrey, who was then with Edward IL in Harlcstone et Bonwell France, on occasion of that King's marriage n1aner' . with Isabella, daughter of the King of France, Atelbnrgh et Elingham fcod, NmW. and in 13 Edw. II. he had license to make a n okelondcston maner' l castle of his house at Sconton.~ BLm1ham cccl'ia Sir Constantine lviortimcr was his son, and

" Dugdale's Baron. vol. i. p. 154. t Inquis. post l\Tort. vol. i, p. 135. t 2;'; Ed. I. No. 4ii. s Pbeit. Term. i\Iich. Rot. 52. an° 27 Ed. I. II Blomcfield ut supra, ~' T!ie earth-works of this castle are now traceable in a field called Hall Hills. The plan of it is thus:-

a. Raised causewt1y. b v. Remains of moat. c. Outwork, or first court. d. Inner court. e. Foundations. APP. LXXV.] MORTIMER OF ATTLEBOROUGH. 433 was, 111 1335, steward of the household to stance to be disposed of for the pleasure of God Alianor, the King's sister, and Countess of and his soul's health, "and also for the relief, Guelders; he had an allowance of £22 for the socour, and helpe of the soules that I am most expenses of his men and horses in that service. oblyged to prey and do preye fore, and for the In 1341 he was summoned to parliament among soules of John Fastolf my fadir, and dam the Barons, and in 1349 he had the King's Mary (the dog·htir of Nicholas Park, squyer) license to travel to llome with a valet, two my modir, &c. horses, and two servants. "Item, I wolle and ordeyne that be the avys Sir Robert de Mortimer was his brother and of mine executors beforn named, that provision heir; he founded the chantry of the Holy Cross and ordenaunce be mad that the obyte and in Attleborough church, where many of his aniversarye may be yerly kept in perpetuite with family and their descendants are buried. Placebo and Dirige [lnd messe be note for the Sir Thomas J\Iortimer was his eldest son, sow le of dam J\Iary my moder and her annces­ who died in 140G, * having married ]Vfary, terys in the churche of Attilbnrgh, nnd then on d:rnghter of Nicholas Parke, Esq. who by a of the monkes or prestys in the college be me previous marriage was own mother to the cele­ ordenid in the mancyon of Castrc forscid shall brated Sir J olm Fastolf. Sir John Fastolf, in syng specyally in pcrpetnite for the s,mle of his will dated Nov. 3, 1459, dl'sirC's his sub- my modir, and allc here aunccstercs and good

Several warlike instruments have been fonntl on this spot ; a battle-axe, cross-bow, arrow-heads, &c. and a very curious cl1r011ometer, ,vhich appears to have been a sort of portable dial, not larger than a wateh1 and wliich, by being helu uircet to the south, wonlu give the hour. All these are in the possession of 1\Tr. 1Ycybnt! ofi\'oodrising, 1833. "' Consta11tine :Hortirner of Dcrnlwm was youngest brother of this Sir Thomas, an

SIGILLVll CONSTANTIXI lIORTD!lm. ROBERT MORTDIER1 HEN. 6, 434 ANTHONY GURNEY. [ PART II. doers. Item, I wole that in scmbelable-wise manor of Great Ellingham Hall, in Great El- that a marbul ston of a convenient mesure be lingham, Scouton and other manors, and church ordeynid and layd ( over) dam Mary, my modir, preferments. Her son, by Sir John Fitz-Ralph, in the chapell of the chauntry foundid in the married Alice \Valesborongh; bnt these estateB parissch chirche of Atilburgh, with an ymage eventually fell to her daughter Mancle,t who of la ton (brass), accordynge to her degre, with married Sir Robert Conyers, Knt. Their son a scripture there abowteen of the day and yeer married Eleanor, daughter of Sir William Yel­ of here obyte, with iiii. skochonys (scutcheons) verton, Knt. of the Bath at the coronation of whereof here iii. husbendes, i\Iortymer, Fastolf, Ed. IV. but had no issue, and his estates de­ antl Farwelle, and the ferthe of hir auncesterys volved on the heirs of his brother, Thomas armys."* Conyers, Esq. one of whose daughters and co­ By this l\Iary Sir Thomas Mortimer left 3 heirs, Ela, was wife of Sir Robert Lovell, Knt. daughters, coheirs: by whom she had three daughters and colwirs. 1st. Elizabeth, married Sir Ralph Bigod, of 1st. Ursula, married Sir William I-I usscy, Stockton. 2ndly, I-fonry Packenham. 3rdly, Knt. of Beauvale, in the county of N otts, to Thomas Manning, to which last she gave her Sheriff of Linc-olnshire 22 Hen. VIII. 1531, estate. son and heir of John Lord Hussey of Sleaford, 2nd. Cicely, married Sir ,John de Herling. who was executed at Lincoln, for rebellion, 2n

The following Pedigree of Mortimer, of Attleborough, shews the descent of the Gurneys of \Vest Barsham from that family. APP. LXXV.] MORTIMER OF ATTLEBOROUGH . 435

PEDIGREE OF 1IORTE\IER . OF ATTLEBOROUGH.

Sir lloHERT DE llloRTDIER, perhaps son or brother of Hugh de Mortimer, Baron of=,= ..•. Wigmore, 1181, temp. Henry II. I 1V ILLIAM' DE l\loRTDIER.=j=, , , , Sir ROBERT DE :\loRTH!ER, 119±,"i=,.,.

Sir RonERT DE illornnrnrr, 1215.=j= ...•

Sir 1V1LLLu1______I>E :\Iowrnrnrr, 1250.1 .J ...... Sir ROilERT DE lllORTDIER, 1263.=j=., , , Sir 1V1LLJ.DI' DE :\lornrnER, Baron :llortimer, of Attlelrnrgh, 1296.=j=ALICE,.,. r- -,------7 2 w. SrmLL.=Sir CoNsT.rnTINE DE l\!oRT!MER, ob. 1334.=,=l w. KATHARI:-

ELIZABETU ).lon.TD1EH.; n1ar.=pSir HALPII l\LrnGE!lY =j=Sir JOH'.'/ FITZ 2 h. JoBN=j=CECJLY.=SirJon!'i DE ~ h. Henry Paekenhan1 ; 3 B1nor, l\loRTDIER. , llALl'll, Knt, HATCLIFFE, I lIEI

CRscu =j=Sir \\'1LLI.\'1 HussEY, Knt. eldest son of :MARGARET=j=A~THONY Gt:R· ELA LOVELL, m. ELIZABETH Lon:LL. I John Lord Hussey, of Sleaford, ob. 1555. LovELL. I :-;EY, Esq. of .TOIi'.'/ BILSIJY, LOVELL, L------~ \\'est llarsham, Esq. of Lincoln­ mar. John !Ia,l issue. &c. ob. 155G. shire, Fitz Lewes. E1..,' GL'll:'CEY, mar. I h. -- lJIU,ItY, Esq.; 2 h, F1u;o;cis GumrnY, EsQ. ob.-TELLEN, tlau. of Robert Hol- Christo['hcr Seyve. 1553. diche, Es'l. ,----, 7 E1.1z_rn1:n1 FR.\:'CCLs Gull,EY I!ENltY GURNEY, eldest A'.'ITI!ONY GURNEY. T110,1.,s GurrN,;Y, A:-.NE Gert:,;EY, GcH"EY· ~on an

The church at Attleborough formerly con­ Over the porch are carved the two following tained very numerous remains of foe armorial shields : Ratcliffe, impaling, Chequey a chief ensigns of the Mortimers and their descendants. flenre delis, and Ratcliffe, quartering Mortimer.

ATfLEilOROUGII CHURCH PORCH; FROJI AN OUTLINE IN THE NORRIS MSS, CIIURCII COLLECTIONS, ATTLEBUHGII,

In the windows were formerly :- (f

r ·. . " '

1. Albany : Gules, a lion rampant or. 2. Clifton : Chequey or and gules, a bend ermine. 3. Fitzwalter: Or, a fess between two chevronels gules. APP. LXXV.] MORTIMER OF ATTLEBOROUGH, 437

4. Clare : Or, three chevronels gules. 5, Ufford: Sable, a cross engrailed or. 6. Ratcliffe : Argent, a bend engrailed sable.

7 . ..Wingfield: Argent, on a bend gules, between two cotises sable, three pair of wings joined in lure of the first. 8. Herling : Argent, a unicorn rampant sable. 9. Calthorpe: Chequey or and azure, a fess er~ine.

10. · Kerdeston : Argent, a saltier engrai1ed gules. 11. l\Tortimer: Or, fleure

13. Mortimer: The same, with a bordure engrailed gules. 14. Mortimer : The same, with a bendlet gobonne argent and gules. 15. l\fortimer: The same, with a label gules.

16. Mortimer, of Ricard'~ Castle: Barry of six, or and vert, fleure de !is counterchanged. 17. Mortimer, of Ricard's Castle: The same, barry of four only. 18. Moulton : Three barrulets, in a bordurc gules.

19. Ratcliffe: impaling Herling. 20. Ratcliffe, impaling Clam.*

* Blomefield in Attleburgh. APP. Lxxvr.] FITZ-RALF OF SUFFOLK.

Upon some old wainscot m the church were In the reign of Henry VIII. Robert Earl of seen by l\Ir. Norris, Nos. 19 and 20 of the Sussex upon the dissolution of l\Iortimers' foregoing sbields, viz. :- college or chantry, destroyed most of the monu­ Ratcliffe, impaling Herling, and under the ments in Attleburgh church.f ,hield the initials A. R. Hatclitfe, impaling Glare.* t Blomefield in Attleburgh. * :s'orris MSS. ; Chureh Collections, Attleburgh.

APPENDIX LXXVI.

0~ THE FAMILY OF FITZ RALF,

This family was en­ male issue on his daughter l\faude, who married tirely distinct from the Sir Robert Conyers. According to a pedign'e baronial race of the by Cook Clarenccaux, John Fitz Tialf and Alice the same name which \Valesborough had ,1 daughter Elizabeth, who flourished at an early married Sir Robert Chamberlain, Knt. and it period in Nottingham­ appears that in her right he was lord of Bernham shire, and were barons Broom, part of the estates of the Mortimers ; by tenure. The Fitz but there was some error here, as it is evident Ralf, of Suffolk \\'ere originally called de that Maude Fitz Ralf, who married Sir Robert Pebt>ners, from a manor held by them ; but Conyers, was a coheiress of her family and their the son of Half de Pebeners was called Fitz possessions; and I think Elizabeth Fitz Half, Ralf, and ,vas the Sir John Fitz Ralf who mar­ who married Sir Robert Chamberlain, may ried {lfargery, coheir of Sir Thomas l\fortimer, have been another sister and coheir, Robert before the year 1402. I cannot clearly discover Fitz Ralf, mentioned in the Scrope and Gros­ in what way the family of Fitz Ralf ended in venor roll, was probably a younger son of John coheiresses. John Fitz Ralf, son of Sir John and Fitz llalf and :\forgery Mortimer. Margery l\Iortimer, settled the manor of Great The following is a pedigree of Fitz Ralf of Ellingham upon his son, John Fitz Ralf, on his Suffolk, as far as I can fix it, by a comparison marriage with Alice, daughter of Sir John of the different authorities. \Yalesborough, but in default of their having

[PEDIGREE 440 ANTHONY GURNEY. [ PAR'l' II.

PEDIGREE OF FITZ RALF.

\VrLLIAM of Pebeners, Esq.,= ..•. r RAL;'II, of Pe\Jcners, son and beir.y •••• r ,------,----7 \VILLIAM, of l'ebeners, son and heir',= .•.. RAU FE, a Priest. JOAN'. AG:-.E.s. of Raufo. / ,------, RAUFE, of l'c\Jeners.=j= .... LORA. CATHARINE. ~------..J Sir Jonx FITZ R.H'FE, of Pebeners,T-]llARGARET, eldest dau. and coheir of Knt. 1402. Thomas Mortimer.

JoIIN FITZ RAUFE, Esq. son=j=JULJAN, died RoBERT FITZRALF. See Scrope and Gros\'enor and heir. ) 14-H:i, Roll, vol. ii. p. 172. TT, \\'ILLIA~l, JOH-" FITZ RAUFE, of Skulton,-Aucr:, dau. M.u.m, wife of Sir Robert Conyers, of Fenning­ ob. s. p. Norfolk, Esq. s. p. of Sir John ham in Suffolk. Whaleslmrg, ,lo.rnr:, ux. Robert Hotot. Knt. ELIZABETH, mar. Sir Hobert Chamberlain, Knt. (Qumre whethet daughter of John Fitz Ralf an,! Alice Walesburgh ?)

(Harl. l\IS. No. 1047, fol. 58 b. Scrape and Grosvenor Roll, vol. ii. p. 172.)

APPENDIX LXXVII.

ON THE FAMILY OF CONYERS, OF FINNINGIIAM, IN SUFFOLK.

Sir Hobert Conyers, who married the near Bury St. Edmund's, and the manors of heiress of Fitzralph, and one of the represen­ Hepworth and Fynynham in Suffolk,§ which tatins of the Mortirners as above stated, was date so nearly corresponds with that of Thomas of Finningharn, in Suffolk."' Conyers, son of Sir Hobert Conyers and And we find that Adam le Conyers held Maude Fitzralph, who died in 1483, the 22nd land in that county, at Felrnyngham,t the 31st Edw. IV., that we think it probable they relate Edw.q to the same person. Thomas Conyers died the 20th Edw. IV. The family of Conyers was originally Nor­ seized of the manor of Necton Hall, in Berton, man, and were Barons of Conyers, Conniers, Connieres, or Coignicres, in Normandy. !I *Harl.MS. No.1047, fol. 58b. t Qurere, whether Finningham ? § Inquis. post mort. vol. iv. p. 402. :t Rot. Hund. vol, ii. p. 194. Recherches sur Domes

A family of this numc existed at Sockburne, in the Bishoprick of Durham, as early as the 9th of Stephen, 1144,* and were raised to the Sire Robert de Con­ rank of Barous the 22d of Henry in the VII. yers, de or, la maunche person of ·William Conyers, or Coniers. This de azure, e ove 1a meyn brnnch became extinct in the male li.ne 011 the (with a hand).§ death of John third Lord Conyers, in the 31st of Philip anu Mary.

1 1 '• .'~(0. '",I ·1 l Conyers, Lord Con­ I \ Monsire de Coniers ~II yers, Azure, a maunch I port d'azure a une I or, an annulet for dif­ maunche d'ermine. \j ference.t

Conyers of Suffolk, Monsire de Coni.ers, and Conyers as quar­ Seigneur de Land­ tered by Gurney, ployn, d'asure a une Azure, a maunch Clr.t maunche d'argent. ~

I am not able to give a pedigree of the Conyers's of Suffolk from the documents to which I huve had access.

APPENDIX LXXVIII.

0~ THE LOVELLS OF BERTO~ BE:SDISH IN NORFOLK.

This family claim a common descent with The Lords Lovell held the manor of Docking the Lord:::, Lovell of Titchma.rch and l\'Em,ter in Norfolk for se-ven generations, Andrew Love1, from the house of Ivery in France. Lovell was living in the reign of Henry II.,

* Dug!lalc's Haronngc, vol. ii. p. 290. t Banks's Extinct Bar. vol. ii. p. 115. t Eclrnonclson's Diet. of Hc:-al;}ry. § Roll of Arms temp, Ed w, II. published by Nicolas, p. 97. 11 Ibid, temp. E,lw. III. p. 45. ~ foi

PEDIGREE OF LOVELL OF BARTO~ BENDISH.

Jo1rn LOVELL, Lord of the manor of Barton Dendish 1315.f·· .. ·• r Joirn LOVELL, of Barton Ilcnclish, died 1328.T···· ..

\VrLII.DI LoYELL, of Barton Dendish, 31 Edw. III. 1357.=,= ..... r------J JoA:-1, dau. and heir of,T110,1AS LOVELL, Esq. of Barton Ilcndish,=ALICE Robert l\Iuswell. I ou. 1421. r,------..L---,-..------~ 7 NICHOLAS LOVELL, of ·woot- 'fl!O)!AS =,=CECILIA \VJLLIAM LOVELL, of ALICE. ton, Esq. ob. 1453. LovELL, IOmrnLL. 1\'angford. IlEA- R.,LPII LOVELL, of Beacham- of Dar- .TollN LOVELL, under THICE. well, living 1453, !caring ton ]Jin 1421, to whom issue. Dcntlish. his father ga\'C estates I in C!cyc hy Swaffham. -----'--7 THOMAS LOVELL, mar. Ann, chm, of Sir RALPH LOVELL, Knt. of Barton=j=JOAN. Hobert Tappes, Aldcrm. of Norwich. Ilendish, died Lefore 1-1S8. I , ... r------,.... ------..J Sir RonEm-lELA, dau. of Sir GREGORY1 ::\1ARGARET, dau. of Sir Tno,IAS LOVELL, Knight of the Garter, Lo.YELL, of Thoma,sC011- LOVELL, of I"'illiam Brandon, Privy Councillor, Chancellor of Exchequer, Hrngharu, yers, Esq. Barton Bend- not living 1504, and to Henry VII. and VIII. and Treasurer of Knt. ob. ish, Knt. liv- sister of Charles the .Household, oh. 1524; mar. I w. EJea- g~2, ing 1504. lBran,lon, Duke of nor, clau. ali

The following is the "Will of Sir Robert extend by the discretion of my exeeu?. Lovell, of Ilingltcun, I{nigltt, fathe1· of Hm, I will have an other honest preste Jllm·garet, the wife of Anthony Gurney. scouled at Camhrige to praic for my soule E,;·tracted.fi·om the Regish:J of the L01·d and my frends souls by the space of iij Bishop of J_Voncich. yeris, to whom I bequeith for his salary xxiiij mare. Hm, I wull ther be at my In dei no'i'e, Amen, the xx daie of De­ buriall xx mare deltt yn almeis for my cembr, yn the yer of our Lord God, soule, and all the soules that I am bound M.ccccc.x1x, I, Robt Lovell, knyght, yn to praie for, and all xpeyn soules; and at the countie of Norff. beying yn good tyme convenyent after that, by the des­ memorie & mynd, laude & preyses to cretion of my exeeutoe, I wull ther be Almyghty God for my creation, and spe­ other xx mare deltt yn almeis amongs my cially for my redemption, make my tes­ tenants tha need it yn such townes wher 9 tamt & laste will yn man & forme fol­ I have any lond, and yn other places lowing: First, I bequeath my soul to moste nedefull, by the di~cretion of my

Almyghty God, to his moste blessed execut8 , to praie for my soule, my frcncls mother and maide Saynt Marie, and to soules, & all xpeyn soules. Hm, I give all the Saynts yn hevyn, and my body to and bequeith to Ele my wif all my tene­ be buried wher my execu'P shall thynk ments whiche I dwell yn, with iiij acres of most convenyent; Secundaryly, I give & lande & oon incloes, with all th'apptences bequeith to the Cathedrall Churche yn yn Hyngham which I late bought of the­ N orwiche, xxs. Hm, I give & bequeith xecutrs of Margarett Heyhowe, the execut3 to the anlta yn Skulton, for my tithes of Robt Belle, and also the tent that I negligently forgoten, xs. Hm, I give and :pchesd yn H yngham of Richard Baker, bequeith to every house of Freres yn also that I purchesd of Sir Thomas vVocl­ N orwiche, Lynne, ancl Thetford, to eche hous, Knyghte, & Robt Browse, To have house, vis. viiicl. to praie for my soule, my & to hold to hu, hur heiris and assigneis, frencls soules, and all x1ieyn soules, and frely for ever, upon condition that if ther al the soules that I am bound to praie be any money due to the said Sr Thomas for. Hm, I wull have oon honest preste Vi' odhous at the daie of my ckptyng out scoulecl to syng and praie for my soule, of this world for the purchese of the said my frencls soules, and all xpeyn soules, incloes, that then my said wif to paie it and for all the soules that I have had any of bur owne propre goocles. Also I give good of yn any cause, and he to syng by & hequeith to Ele my wif, my messuage the space of x yeres whcr I shall happen called Crosses, wt all tents included to the to be buried, hegynnyng immcdiatly after same, with all their apptennces yn H yng­ my decesse, and he to have for his salary ham forsaid, to have and to hold to hur, vli. xiiis. iiijd. yerly cluryng all the said for terme of hur life, and after hur decesse yeris and long if that my goodes ma1e to remayn to my heyris. Moreover, I 444 ANTHONY GURNEY. [PART II. give to my said wif all hur appareill and of lawfull money of Ynglond, when thei juellis concernyng hur -Fson, whiche she corn to th'age of xv yeris, and yn meane hath vsed to weer, and also all man') of tyme the money to rernayne yn the hands goodes & catalles whiche wer named and of my said wif. And if it fortune that called my said wif's, that is to saie, horse, any of theym decesse before the com to neett, & sheep, now & herafter duryng the said age of xv yeris, that then the said both our lifs togither levyng be so named money to theym 1.:1teynyng be disposed for and knowen the daie of my decesse, to my soule, my wief's soule, and all our hur frely as hir owne propre goodes to £rends soules, by my executours. Also I give or to sell ; also over and beside the wull that my cheane of gold, and all the said cattall called wif's, I give to my said residue of my plate, with all other my wif c weders, c hoggs, c ewis, x krow,* oon goodes & catallis not gevyn nor bequethed, bull, iiij horses, oon carte, & oon plough, be sold by my ... executours to the pform­ with all the appareill concernyng the ance of this my testament & last will. same. Also I give to my said wif the oon Hm, I give to the mariage of pouer maid­ half of my silver plate yn what fasion ens xx mare. Itm, I give to the amend­ soever it be; and, moreover, I give and yng of highe waies, wher my executs shall bequeith to my said wif all my necessary thynk most need is, xli, Hm, I give to utensiles and stuff of household, except the amendyng of the pulpitt yn the greaue iij fetherbedds, with their appareill 1.:1teyn­ yard of the cathedrall church abovesaid, ing to a bed, of the whiche I give to eche xs. Hm, I wull & requyre all my feffeis of my daughters oon of the said bedds by and co-feffeis that be enfeff'd yn all my the delivery of my said wife, suche as she said Jancles and tents to make a sufficient t11ynk convenyent for theyrn; also, I give & lawfull astate. Itm, I wull and make to eche of my doughters that be rnaried, my executours, Sir Thomas Lovell my that is, to witt, to my dough~ Hussay & brother, and Ele Lovell my wif, Doctor my doughP Gurnaie, to iche of theym, wmm Bokenham, Sir John Adcock, ,FSOfl xxxli. yn money; and, also, I give to of Hyngham, & Sir John Coke. Ele my doughP xxli.; also I give and be­ Proved 261h September, 1522, by Ele queith to Ele Lewes x mare yn money, Lovell, testator's widow, and Sir John and to iche of my doughters children xli. Adcock, and Sir John Coke.i'

• Crone, an old ewe. t Reg. Briggs, f. 116 b. APP. LXXIX.] LESTRANGE HOUSEHOLD ACCOUNTS. 445

APPENDIX LXXIX.

E.ttmctfi·om the Household Accounts of the lad!J ef Sir Thomas Lestrange, Knt. cf Frydaye. Satterdaye. Ilunstanton, the 24th year of Henry VIII. It'm, spente in the same weeke, (1533), in the possession of Mr. Styleman i lynge, xiid. and ii codds, Lestrange. The Accounts are divided into viiid. Sm• t xxd. u:eelcs. It'm, in playes and eells viiid. It'm, in eggs . viiid. " The xiiii weeke. lt'm, in buttere iiid. Sudaye. It'm, in butter xviii kaks t of It'm, a pygge . vd. store. It'm, vii rabbetts off store. It'm, spente in the seyd weke in It'm, ii mallards kyllecl wythe the spannyells. byff v stone iiis. iiiid. It'm, to a veyll xiiid. Mudaye. It'm, ii muttons off store. It'm, iiii rabbetts off store. It'm, a lambe off store. It'm, a kapon off store. lt'm, in whette iiib• § iiis. It'm, in myzstelyn a combe iis. xd. Tewysdaye. It'rn, in bere iiii barrells • vis. viiid. It'm, iiii rabbetts and ii herns off store. 1 It'm, in candle ii " iii cl. It'm, a mallard kylld wythe the spanyells. Straungers in the sam weke, llfr. Wcddynsdaye. Gurneye, Crystofer Pern, and hys wyffe, wythe other off the It'm, iiii rabbetts off store. cuntreye, and so the sma of Thursdaye. thys weeke, besyde gyste and It'm, a pygge off gyste. store . xxs. xid. It'm, vi rabbetts and ii herns off store. See Archreo1ogia, vol. 25, p. 411, for further It'm, ii fesands off gyste. * extracts from these accounts. * Gyste, modern agist, here clearly used in the sense of confined for feeding, or fed for killing. t i. e. summa. t i. e. kegs. § i. e. bushels. 446

FRANCIS GURNEY,

SoN and heir apparent of Anthony Gurney, Esq. was born 20th August -~ -t ~~ 1521 ; a he is always written of Irsted, where he lived, ~ F z· .i,;_-- his father having probably given him that manor inter v CA.A \ \ alia upon his marriage. He died before his father 1 < J\ Anthony Gurney, Esq.; in what year does not appear. ~ f · V, In the 35th Henry VIIP he married Helen, otherwise ' ( ·+ Ellynor, the daughter of Robert Holdiche, of Ran- worth, Esq. which Helen was born 23d June 1528 ;c they were married 6th August 1543, when she was fifteen and he twenty­ two years old. The Holdiches of Ranworth were a gentleman's family of ancient extraction. They bore for arms, Argent, a chevron azure, between three pies proper. (Appendix LXXX). By Helen his wife he had issue : "1st. Elizabeth, born 8dJanuary 1545, D. L. C. God­ mothers, his mother Gurnay, Mrs. Hobart of Plumstead, and his brother Palmer godfather. 2nd. Frances, born 27 December 1547. Godmothers, Lady Jane Howard, his sister Haw, and his mother Holdiche. 3d. Henry, born 21 January 1548. Godmother, Lady Catharine Howard; godfathers, his father Holdiche, &c. 4th. Anthony, born 26 March 1550. Godmother, Lady Surrey, and his brothers Richard and John Hol

• Memorandum in his own handwriting, copied in Norris MSS. vol. i. Misc. Norff. Papers. b Cole's Escheats, Harl. 760, p. 312. c Memorandum ut supra. ct Ibid. e Heralds' Visitation and Anthony Gurney's will. A.D. 1550.] HIS TOMB AT IRSTED. 447 basset, of Frenz in Norfolk, Esq.; she died 1557, having married Miles Hobart, of Plumstead, Esq.a His brother Palmer was husband to another daughter of Robert Hol­ diche, Esq.0 His sister Haw was Ursula, another sister of his wife's, n:rnrried to Henry Hawe, of Helgay, Norfolk, Esq.,C where is a handsome mural monument to her and her husband. Of the members of the Howard family here mentioned, Lady Surrey was Frances, daughter of John de Vere, fifteenth Earl of Oxford, and wife of the celebrated poet Earl of Surrey, son of Thomas Duke of Norfolk.d Of her daughters, Lady Jane Howard was afterwards married to Charles NeYille, Earl of ·westmoreland; and the second, Lady Catharine, to Henry Lord Berkeley. In the Norris MSS. is a calendar of the Norfolk fairs, transcribed from the original written by this Francis Gurney. \Ve have before observed that fairs were formerly the occasions of con­ vivial meetings amongst the gentry in Norfolk and elsewhere, and were important for the purchase and sale of different articles which could not otherwise be obtained so easily. Francis Gurney died before his father, but in what year we do not find, and in his father's will is a provision for his younger children. He was buried at Irsted, in the chancel of the church there, where there was in l\Ir. Norris's time a stone to his memory, according to the sketch below:

7 ft. 1 in. by 2 ft. 11 in. A.

a Hobart Pedigree, Norris MSS. b Holdiche Pedigree, Norris MSS. c Holdichc Pedigree, Norris MSS. d Collins's Peerage, vol. i. p. 101. 448 FRANCIS GURNEY. [PART II.

The engrailed cross was in a leaden plate ; in the space A was a plate with an inscription, which was gone. Helen or Ellynor his wife survived him, and was a legatee in the will of Margaret Holdiche, of Ranworth, her step-mother, dated 13 June 1559, proved 1st October following.a She re-married John Jernegan, who was nephew of the said Margaret Holdiche ; this appears in the parish register of St. Mary's, Norwich: "Master Johan Jernegan and Hel1enor Gurney were despowsed together the 4th daie of Januarie." The arms of Francis Gurney, with the full quarterings, and impaling Holdiche, are in the window at Walsingham Abbey. Quarterly of eight: I. Gurney, 2. \Varren, with a mullet on a crescent 1 for difference, 3. Baconsthorpe, I 4. vVauncy, limpaling Holdiche. 5. Lovell, 6. Conyers, l 7. Fitz-Ralph, S. Mortimer of Attleburgh, j

a Norris MSS.; Tunstead, page 37; and Appendix to Norfolk Monuments and Families, vol. ii. art. Ranworth. A.D. 1550.] DRURY-SEYVE-STUBBS. 449

2. Eu.. , sister of Francis Gurney, married -- Drury, Esq. by whom she had Anthony Drury, mentioned in his grandfather's will, who was buried at Irsted in l 57i, and mentions his mother in his will, she being at that time the second wife of Christopher Seyve, of M undford in Norfolk, Gent. whom she·married at Irstead, 12th Sept. 1541, as appears by the parish register there, " Solemnizatum fuit matrimonium inter Christo­ ferum Seyve, generosum, de Mountford, ex una parte, et Elam Drory, viduam, filiam Antonii Gurnay, Armigeri, ex altera parte, xii0 die mensis Septembris anno D'ni m10 quingen° xli0 et anno regni regis Henrici Octavi tricessimo tertio." The Drurys were a very noted family in Norfolk and Suffolk, living at Rougham and Riddlesworth ; they bore for arms, Argent, a chief vert, charged with a cross tau between two mullets or. Of this family was Sir Drew Drury, Knt. Usher of the Privy Chamber to Queen Elizabeth, and one of the Keepers of Mary Queen of Scots.a The Seyves were a gentleman's family seated at Mundford for several generations. 3. ELIZABETH, the half-sister of Francis Gurney, and daughter of An­ thony Gurney by Elizabeth Tyrrell his second wife, married 25 Sept. 1561, Richard. Stubs, of Baconsthorpe, Esq. as appears by the parish register at Irstead : " Solemnizatum fuit matrimonium inter Richardum Stubbs, de Bakenstropp, generosum, et Elizabetham Gurney de eadern, generosam, xxvto die Septembris 1561." By this it would seem she was resident at Baconsthorpe at that time. The arms of Stubs are, Sable, on a bend or, between three pheons argent, as many fermaulx gules. Either this Richard Stubs, or his son of the same name, presented Edmund Gurney, great-nephew or Elizabeth, his godson, to the living of Edgfield in 1614. Richard Stubs, who was the son of this Elizabeth Gur­ ney, married Anne, daughter and heir of Richard

a Dlornefield in Hid

Goodwin, or Gooding, of the Middle Temple, and widow of John L'Es­ trange, and left two daughters and coheirs; one of whom, Alice, married Sir Hamon L'Estrange, of Hunstantcm, Knight. Excellent portraits of this Lady L'Estrange, and her sister, are still remaining at Hunstanton Hall.a •

a The only piece of coloured glass formerly remaining in the windows of that ancient mansion was apparently very old. Gules, two lions passant argent, over all a bendlet or, for L'Estrange, impaling, Argent, a cross engrailed gules ; but we know of no marriage between a L'Estrange and a Gurney, which this glass certainly implies; probably it is a mistake for Heyden, the arms of which family are nearly similar. These arms were destroyed during the recent alterations at Hunstanton Hall. A. D, J 550.] STUBBS-LESTRANGE-YELVERTON. 451

Dyonisia, the other daughter of Richard Stubbs, Esq. married Sir \Vil­ liain Yeh·erton, Knight and Baronet, of Rougham, who presented Edmund Gurney to the rectory of Harpley in 1620. It seems likely the manor of Harpley had been settled on the issue of Anthony Gurney's second marriage with Elizabeth Tyrrell, and that by Elizabeth, the only child of that mar­ riage, it passed to the families of Stubbs and Y eh,erton. Sir \Villiam Yelverton sold it to the vValpoles in 1642. The pedigree of the family of Stubbs is as follows :

PEDIGREE OF STUDDS.

RonERT STUBBS, of Scottow, in Norfolk., •.•. , r "·11.LJ.'1! STUBBS, ot'==f~L,nGARET, d,ni. of .•.• , and wid. A:,;:; STunBs.=N,cuoLAS ..•• STUBns, a= ..•• DOGGETT, Sl'uttow, !JliO. I of lloger Tayleour; oL. UGJ. BARKER. daughter. of Suffolk. ~------...L_ 7 J ol!:S Sn;1rns, uf Scott ow, dead=j=Il.\ WISE, daughter of Roger Taylor, KA'l'HERINE STunns.=WALTEn RAWLINEs. 1.,cforc 1-l~U. I ob. 150G. r--,· -----,------17 \\'IL· \\'.,I.TL!t 1 1':l'!!EL!lEll, ~LuwARET En.,1U:

R1cHARD STUBBS, of Sedgford, Esq.=j=ANNE Goonr:-.o, widow of John Lestrange. r ---- ___..L.7 Aucc.=Sir HA~IO, LESTRA;,.GE, Knt. DY0:-ns1A,=Sir '\V1111.<11 YELVERTON, Knt. and Dart.

From the Harleian l\lSS. :'.',o. 1552, and from Nonis MSS.

3 N 452 FRANCIS GURNEY, [PART II.

APPENDIX LXXX.

FAMILY OF HOLD!CHE.

The family of Holdiche was seated at Did­ and which are still re­ lington as early as the reign of Edward III. maining at Beaupre They also possessed Randworth, in Tunstead Hall and at West Dere­ hundred, and other manors. In the 7th Hen. V. ham Abbey, where the l{ichard Holdych, of Didlington, was one of pies or magpies are those gentlemen of ancient coat-armour who placed on tl1e clwvron : were returned, by the justices of peace for the Argent, on a chevron county, as one of the twenty lances to serve azure three pies pro­ the king in the French wars.* per. The arms of Hol

* Blomefiel

RICI!AllD HOLDITCHE, 134G, 1341.,... , ______..J

R1CIIAitD HoLmTCHE, 1387, 1365.,Amrn, dau. of John de Berney, 13H.

______TUO:IIAS HOLDITCHE, 13[J2,=j=,,,,_J

TIIO:ILIS lJOLDITCHE, 1432, 144"1.=j=ELIZABETH,, •• ______1_ -----~--- 7 r R icu.uw H OLDITCHE, Esq.=j=J,u,E, dau, of Sir 1Yilliam Yelverton, AGNES, JOAN. KATIIARINE. 14G2. I of Rougham. r,--, T 7 Tno.,us. JOHN HoLDlTCIIE, Esq. of RanworthT •.•• dau. of .... TII,rnGARET. A"

a r------~------,-.----...,..------RouErlT,=r'lTRsuLA )lrLES.=rCams- lt1c1Luw, JorIN Ho1--ELIZA- I-Ir.u:", or ELEANOR; mar. 1 h, Francis left I RrcIIES. ITJ.INA, el

HENRY GURNAY I.

ELDEST son of Francis Gurney, by Helen Holdiche, was born 21 January l 548.a Lady Catharine Howard was his godmother, and Richard Holdiche, Esq. his grandfather, was one of his godfathers. He is styled of Great Ellingham and Irsted, and was heir to his grandfather, Anthony Gur­ ney, Esq. at whose death, in December 1556, he was seven years of age. In 1572 he ,vas seized, inter alia, of the manor of Irsted, holden of the Bishop of Norwich; the manor of Ellingham Magna, holden of the heirs of the Lords Bardolf; the manor of vVest Barsham, holden by the service of one knight's fee of the honour of Castle Acre; Gurney's manor in Hingham, holden of the heirs of Henry Lord Morley, ·as of his manor at Hingham, and the adyowson of the third part of the church at Attle­ borough/ to which he presented in 1581. In 1587 he purchased the manor and advowson of Harpham, and in 1588 he presented to that church, and aga 11 in 1602 .c In the 38th of Elizabeth ( 1595) he bought the rectory of '\Vest Barsham (qmere, the advowson ?) of Thomas Fermor, Esq. for £100 consideration money, witnesses, Thomas Gournay and Charles Ca1thorpe. A copy of the deed of sale is in the charter room at Hunstanton Hall m Norfolk. Henry Gurney married Ellen, daughter of John Blennerhasset, or

;1 Account of his children by Francis Gurnay ut supra. b Blornefield passim. c Blomefield in Harpham. A. D. 1595.J PURITANICAL TENDENCY. 455

Bleverhasset, of Barsham in Suffolk, Esq. " his eldest daughter by the seconcl coheir of Sir Edward Itchingham. Sir Owen Hopton marrying the other, from whom descend the Lord Wentworth and the Lord Shan­

floyse." a Blennerhasset bore Gules, a chevron between three dolphins or. This J olm Blennerhasset, or Bleverhasset, was of an ancient family, taking its name from Blennerhasset, a manor in Cumberland (Appendix LXXXI ;) he was steward of Norwich, and burgess for that city in the Par­ liament which met at ·westminster the 13th of Elizabeth (1570). Mar­ garet, the aunt of this John Blenerhasset, had married John Eyre, Esq. one of the auditors or receivers of Henry VIII.; a great receiver of monas­ teries, and amongst others of that of St. Eclmundsbury.b He also pur­ chased the four monasteries of Carmelites, Minorites, Friers Preachers, and Augustinians, at Lynn. It seems likely that from this marriage with the Bassets, or Blennerhassets, the puritanical tendency of ·some of the Gurneys first originated; a jealousy of which appears in a passage of the will of this Henry Gurnay I. By Ellen Blennerhasset Henry Gurney had issue seven sons and :five daughters. 1. Thomas Gurney, Esq. of "\Vest Barsham, who died before his father ;c 2. Henry; 3. Edmund; 4. Anthony; 5. Bassingbourn, died vit. pat.ct 6. Francis; i. Leonard; 8. Elizabeth; 9. Anne; 10. Mary; l l. Amy; l 2. Ahigail.e Ellen, the wife of Henry Gurnay I. died before her husband, but in what year I do not find. She was buried in the north aisle of Great Ellingham church. Henry Gurney himself survived until he was seventy­ five years old. By his will, made by the name of Henry Gurney, Esq. of Ellingham,

a Dlomcficld in ·west Barsham, and Spelman .i\fSS. Gurney Pedigree.

1, Spelman on Sacrilrge, Pd. of 18--lG, p. 184. c Blonwfip]d in \\'est lhrsham, and Spelman .i.\ISS. Gurney Pedigree. See memorandum at page ;1,0. rl Xorfolk Visitation, Harl. ::USS. l 55:2, p 53. e IIcralrls' Visitation and I Icnry Gurncy's will. 456 HENRY GURNAY I. [PART II. elated May 1614, he directed to be buried in the north aisle of the church at Great Ellingham, by his wife, and recited that most of his children had received their portions, as Thomas, Henry, Edmund, Anthony, Francis, Leonard and Elizabeth; he gave to his daughter Ame £200, and to his daughter Abigail £200, to each at marriage, or within two years after his decease, if not married, and £20 a year each in the mean time. And if these, daughters Ame and Abigail die without a will £200 of their portions he leaves to be distributed among his younger sons, " So that none hold any fantasticall or erronious opinions so adjudged by our Bishop or Civill Lawes;" by which it appears likely some of them had imbibed puritanical views, which his son Edmund certainly held. Some specific legacies he left his sons Thomas and Edmund; all his Latin books to the latter. No execu­ tors being named, on the 3 l st October 1623, administration, with the will annexed, was granted to Anthony Gurney, son of the testator.a His eldest son Thomas died in the interval between the making and proving of this will, which, in fact, appears to be nothing more than a rough draft or tes­ tamentary paper ; it is as follows : E,vtractedfrom t!te Registry of t!te Lord Bis/top of Norwic!t. In the name of God, I, Henry Gurnay, of Greate Elingham, in the county of Norfolk, Esq. being (God's name be praysecl) of whole and sound me­ morye, all former wills beyng prevented, or to be altered, do on the firest day of May, in the xiith yeare of reigne of our Sovereigne Lord King James, and in yeare of our Lord God 1614 ( all former wills beyng made voyd and cancelled), do make and ordeyne, for myne only true and last will, this as foloweth: first I bequeth or resigne my sowle to the only omnipotent and most mercifull God, and Father and Governor of heaven and erth, and all therin, as his proper right from the creation, and my body to rest till the joyfull resurrection in the parish church, and north ile ther, next my wife. Item, I give to the poore of the sayd parish, beyng therein borne, and houshoulders, to be delivered into the hands of the churchwardens there within one yere next after my death, and after

a Reg. Lawson, fol. 151 a. A. D. 1614.] HIS WILL. 457 sufficient security first devised and tendred by the sayd churchwardens, from learned councell unto my executor, that the sayd ten a pound shall a1h,ey be and remayn as a stoc to be only imployecl to the benyfit of the poore of the sayd towne, in manner and form as hereunder is expressed, viz. that ech poore aforesayd may, uppon sufficient power, bond, or bill obligatory, for repaying and uphouldyng the sayd stocki borrow xxs. or less somm, for a yeare or shorter tyme. And if any forfitures happen the same to be conferred to the increast and use as aforeseyd, and that the sayd churchwardens aforesayd shall only have the electing and allow­ ing of any such borrower, and if they canot agree then the minister of the parish to be the moderator or umpire in that case ; provided that such poor by me are ment only men as eyther take releiefe of the parish, or through disability give nothing therto. Concerning my children, foras­ much as most of them have had theyr portions delivered therri, as Thomas, Henry, Edmund, Anthony, Francis, Leonard, Elizabeth, and Anne, I ther­ fore now only give to my daughters unmaried Ame and Abigayle, each of them at ther mariage ij hondred pound, and yearly till then for their mayntenance xxli. and if they be not maried within ij yeares after my death then to be payd, uppon demand, into their own hands. If eyther of them die before their portions be payd or due, then the moiety of there partes they may give by there ·wills to there brethren or sisters, or their children, in what rate they will to be performed by my executor, and the other moytye to remayne to the surviving sister of them too, to be paycl at hir mariage, or within half a year after such death; and if they dye both before their mariage or tyme that they should take their partes into their own hands, then two hondred pound of their portions to be dystrybuted among my yonger sonnes, as they shall be apportioned by my executor. If my sayd daughters dispose nothing by their wills to any of my children, then I will ij hundred pound of the iiij hundred they should have had be disposed amongst all my younger sons, according to the discreation of my executor, so that none lwuld any fantasticall or erronious opinions, so ad­ iuclgecl U!J our Bishop or Civill Lawes. 1Vly bason and ewer of silver, and

a This bequest of a sum of money to be lent to the poor seems a method of charity worthy of imitation. 458 HENRY GU RNA Y I. [ PART II. chaynn of gould I give to my eldest sonn Thomas, and all my bookes in Latyne I give to my sonn Edmund; all other my goodes unbequethecl toward payment of my debts, my decent funerall, and discharge and per­ forming this my last will and testament, I give to my executor, upon con­ dition that firste he enter bond of £400 to each of my daughters, Ame and Abegayle, that he shall performe all poynts of this my will concerning them. And for my executors I make, constitute, and ordeyne, by this handwriting, subscribynge and sealing, in the presence and testimony of A. B. C. D. E. F. on the 20 day of the month and yeare abovesayd. Proved 31st October 1623, by the oath of Anthony Gurnay his son, to whom administration, with the will annexed, was granted.

II. ANTHONY GURNEY, brother of Henry and second son of Francis, ,vas born 26 March 1550.a The Countess of Surri¢y was his godmother, and Richard and John Holdiche his godfathers. He is mentioned in the will of Anthony Gurney his grandfather; also in that of Margaret Hol­ diche, second wife of his maternal grandfather Robert Holdiche, Esq. who died in 1559.0 Anthony Gurney married Susan, daughter of Clement Palgrave, Esq. of Barningham, Norfolk, and had a son l:fonry, and a daughter Elizabeth, married to "Leedes a preacher." c This marriage proves the puritanical tendency, which began to appear about this period.

III. THOMAS, mentioned in his grandfather's will and Heralds' Visita­ tions. He married a daughter of Beams or Reams by Aylsham cl ( qmere, of Overstrand ?).

IV. ELIZABETH GURNEY, daughter of Francis, born 3d January 1545. Her godmothers were Elizabeth (Tyrrell), second wife of her grandfather Anthony Gurney, Mrs. Hobart of Plumstead, and --- Palmer was her godfather, who married her mother's sister ; she married William Golding, of Fornham, Suffolk; and secondly, Benclyshe, of Bumpstead, Essex.e

a }Iemoranrlum by his father. b llcg. Colman, fol. 588. Norris MSS. e Pedigree, Cook Clarenceaux.

V. FRANCES, the second daughter of Francis Gurney, was born 27 De­ cember l 547 ." Her godmothers were Lady Jane Howard., her aunt Mrs. Hawe of Helgay, and Mrs. Holdiche, the second wife of her grandfather.

One of these married Francis Bendyshe, of Essex, cousin of the second husband of their sister Elizabeth.c Sir Henry Spelman, who lived in the time of Henry Gurnay I. in his History of Sacrilege (p. 182), cites the Gourneys of \Vest Barsham as an instance, with twenty-four others, of an ancient family existing for many generations on the same property, as compared with the holders of mo­ nastic lands, whose families, he asserts, failed in heirs universally. I am not prepared to affirm or deny his argument. The twenty-five families he mentions were : " l. Bedingfield, at Oxburgh. 15. Astley, at Melton. 2. Spelman, at N arburgh. 16. Gourney, at Barsham. 3. Yelverton, at Rougham. l 7. Cherville, at St. Mary's Wig- 4. Townsend, at Raneham. genhall. 5. Fermor, at Barsham. 18. Gawsell, at Watlington. 6. Bolleyne, at Blickling. 19. Pigot, at Framlingham. 7. Calthorpe, at Cokesford. 20. Grey, at Martham (De Grey at 8. Lestrange, at Hunstanton. Merton). 9. Sherbourn, at Sherbourn. 21. vVodehouse, at Kimberley. 10. Walpool, at Houghton. 22. Methwold, at Langford. 11. l\Iordaunt, at Massingham. 23. J ermy, at Streston. 12. Cobbs, at Sandringham. 24. Bachcroft, at Bexwell. 13. Thursby, at \Vichen. 25. Pratt, at Ryston." 14. Cocket, at Brunsthorp. Of these the Bedingfields, Townshends, Astleys, De Greys, Wodehouses, and Pratts, alone continue in the same places in the male line ; Calthorpes, Lestranges, and Jermys, in the female line; and Walpoles and Gurneys exist in younger branches, not on their ancient properties.

a Francis Gurney's J'v1emorandum. b Anthony Gurney's will, and Heralds' Visitation,

c Pedigree by Cook, Clarenceaux. 3 o 460 HENRY GURNAY I. [PART II.

APPENDIX LXXXI.

ON THE FA~!ILY OF BLENNERHASSET.

The family of Bleverhayset, or Blenner­ at Hasset's Tower,,i. at Heigham near Norwich, hasset, took their name from Bleverhayset in at Pockthorpe in that city, and at Barsham Cumberland. They were of Flimly Hall in that in Suffolk. At Frense are several very fine county, and still exist in the county of Kerry brasses of this family, in Ireland, where they settled in the reign of some of which are Elizabeth. They were also seated at Frense in given in Cotman's :K'orfolk, on the marriage of Ralph Bleverhayset Norfolk Brasses. They with Joan daughrer of Sir Hobert Corbet, bore for arms, Gules, Knight. a chevron ermine, Branches of this family, which were fre­ between three dol­ quently called I-Iasset by abbreviation, settled phins or.

• The writer of this Record was told by an elderly member of his family that the Bassets, their relations, lived at ffosset's Tower, in Ifeiglrnm ; but this may have been a mistake for !fossct's Place, in Pockthorpe. Sec Blomefiel

[PEDIGREE APP. LXXXI.] BLENNERHASSET OF FRENSE. 461

PEDIGREE OF BLENNER HASS ET.

RALPH BLE:

JA,E, dau. of Sir Thomas Tmdall,TJ OH:'! llLL'<,ERIIASSET, of Frense, Esq. born=j==J A:ER-=j== •••• dau. 'fHO:"tfAS, ELIZA- ELIZA- =JoHN 1 ;\lARY,dau. I mar. 1. h. s. p. HASSET, oh. at Ken- , of John a prie.:;t. BF.TH, BETH, BLEN~ I,rnd coheir JulrnSpc!­ ninghall, 154-L Covert, of mar. 1. d,m. of NEil- of Sir E

(Norris J\lSS.) 462 [PART II.

THOMAS GURNAY III.

ELDEST son of Henry Gurney and Ellen Blennerhasset his wife, married, before the year 1605, Martha daughter of Sir Edward Lewkenor of Denham, near Newmarket in Suffolk, Knight/ by whom he had issue two sons, Edward and Thomas, and six daughters, Susan, Dorothy, Margaret, Elizabeth, Ellen, and Mart1ia. He died in the lifetime of his father, ahout the year I 614. :Martha his wife survived him, and was living at Little Ellingham in 16 l 6.b She died before the year 1639, and was buried at \Vest Barshmn, as appears by the will of her son Edward Gournay. "The ancient family of Le,vknor was of knights' degree, seated at Denham Hall in Risbridge hundred, till a sole daughter and heir of Sir Edward Lukenor married Sir Horatio Townshend of Rainham in Norfolk. They were pos­ sessed of the manor of \Vithersfield, 6 messuages, 200 acres of land, 30 acres of meadow, and l 00 of wood, 18th Henry VII., and the manor of Denham temp. Elizabeth; and bare, Azure, three chevrons argent."c We beg to point to what is very curious m this family of Lewknor Knights in Henry the Seventh's time living on so small a portion of culti­ vated land, not more than enough to keep a common farmer in our days, and being part of the enigma how the country gentlemen lived and built the manor houses which still remain on the acres then under cultivation. Thomas Gurney, who signed himself "Tho. Gurnay," was one of the gentlemen who assisted at the funeral of Sir Edward Lewknor at Denham in Suffolk, on the 9th of January 1605-6.d (Appendix LXXXII.)

• Spelman MSS. Gurney Pedigree. b See Clement Paman's Deed, p. 370.

c Jermyn MSS. Brit. Mus. Denham in Risbridge hundred. d Funeral Certificate in the Heralds' Office, given in the Camoys Peerage Case. A.D. 1620.] ED;\IUN D Gt:R:\'AY, "PARSON OF HARPLEY." 46:3

2. HEXRY GuRXEY, second son of Henry Gurney, mentioned in his father's will.

3. Eo~rn~rn Gun.NAY. Of him we find an account in Master's I-li:,;tory of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, a which we copy almost ,·erbatim. Edmund Gurnay, B.D., of a good family in Norfolk, ,vas admitted of Queen's College in this University 30th October 1594, and, after taking the degree of A.B. was chosen a Norwich fellow here 21st May luOl,b and proceeded A.M. the year ensuing, but a dispute arising in 1607, the master declared his fellowship void for not being in orders ; he was however reinstated upon an appeal to the vice-chancellor. He proceeded B.D. in 1(509, and continued at college till 16 l 4, when Richard Stubs, Esq.c who married his great-aunt Elizabeth Gurney, or else her son, presentecl him to the rectory of Edgefield in his native county. The year following, the bishop granted him a license to preach, and he became Rector of Harpley by presentation of Sir ·wmiam Yelverton, Knight, 1620.c1 Fuller, who must have personally known him, says of him, "He was an excellent ~cliolar, could be humourous, and would be serious as he was himself dis­ posed. His humours were never profane towards God, or injurious towards his neighbours, which premised, none have cause to be displeased if in his fancies he pleased himself. Coming to see me in Cambridge when I was studying, he demanded of me the subject whereon I studied ; I told him I was collecting the witnesses of the truth of the Protestant religion through all ages, even in the depth of popery, conceiving it feasible though difficult to evidence them. 'It is a needless pain,' said he ; 'for I know that I am descended from Adam, though I cannot prove my pedigree from him.' And yet, reader, be pleased to take notice, he was born of as good a

a Pap;c :301, in the list of remarkable members. 0 By this we conclude he was born at Norwich. " Hichard Stubs, Esq. was his godfather, as appears in the dedication to him of his work caUe,l " Corpus Christi." 11 Sir \\'illiam Yelverton, Bart. of Rougham, married Dionissia, daughter of Ilichard Stubs, Esq of Scdgl'ford, whose father married Elizabeth Gurney, great-aunt of this Edmund. Add. :\f SS. J'.\Ius. Brit. No. 8841, in Harplcy. See page 451. 464 THOMAS GUR:N'A Y III. [PART IT. family as any in Norfolk."a His father, Henry Gurnay, Esq. died in 1623, and by will bequeathed all his Latin books to him. In 1638 John l\Iartin of Harpley by his will gave Edmund Gurney a piece of land in that parish that abutted upon Gurney's manor there.u He married Ellen ---, and he and his wife were witnesses to the will of William Smith, Esq. of Walsingham Magna, who had married his niece dated 1643.c "There are many stories of his humour related to this clay," says :\fr. ]\fosters, " in the neighbourhood of his livings, and particularly the following,

a Fuller's ,\rorthies of England, p. 258. b Arch. Norw. Ileg. Spere, f. 111 b. Extract from the will of John .?lfortin, proved 17th September 1638 :- " Item, I give and bequeath unto Edmund Gurnaye, clarke, and his heirs, one piece of lande conteyning one roode, be it more or less, lying in Harpley aforesaid, next Nethergate Street to\1·ards the west, and it abutteth upon the king's highway lcadinge from Upgato Street to Little i\Iassingham aforesaid towards the south, and upon the lands of the manor of Gurneys towards the north." c Reg. Pyttes, fol. 215 b. Arch. Norw. Norris MSS.

"Another that, being complained of to the bishop for refusing to wear the surplice, he was cited to appear before him, and told that he was expected always to wear it. ..Whereupon he came home and rode a journey with it on. But enough . of this. To show that he could be serious as well as humourous, he wrote a small treatise on Exodus xxxiv. 14, towards the Yinclicating of the second commandment, "by Edmund Gurnay, bachelour of Divinity, and minister of God's Word at Harpley, Norfolk;" wherein he answers eight arguments usually alleged in favour of image worship, in a plain, judicious and rational manner, and seems to promise a continua­ tion of it." This was licensed and printed at the University press, in 24mo. l 639. The continuation to this work was printed in 164 I, and called an Appendix unto the Homily against Images in Churches. It was dedicated " to the bonoured and judicious Sir John Hobart, Knight Baronet, as also unto the noble and vertuous the Lady Frances, his wife, l humbly dedicate these ensuing endevours in the Lord." Sir John Hobart and his lady were puritanically inclined, especially the latter. Eclmuntl Gurnay wrote like­ ,vise a book against Transubstantiation, called, "Corpus Christi, by Edmund Gurnay, Bach. Theol. p. de Harpley Norfolc. London, l 630." Dedicated " to the very worshipfull Richard Stubbe, Esquire. Sir, I request you to be godfather unto this infant, as you have been sometime unto myself. I commend it unto you, also unto your two daughters, my cousen Yelverton and the Lady Strange, &c." Edmund Gurnay also wrote "The Demon­ stration of Anti-Christ. 1631, London. To be sold at the sign of the l\larigolcl, St. Paul's Church Yard." Also " The Romish Chain, by Edmund Gurnay, parson of Harpley. London, printed by A. M. for l\Iatthew Law, and are to be sold at his shop at St. Austen's Gate, 1624." Upon a freestone fixed on the outside of the chancel at Harpley by the door are the following lines, in memory of a person whose Christian name \Yas Protestant, which being written during the time of his having the living there, we conclude from his character to be of his composition:·-

Protestant ---- here under I ly ; Such name at first was I christened by, And as soon as my days doubled seven :i\Iy name for ever was written in heaven. 466 THOMAS GURNA Y III, [ PART IL

Then sti1l lie howld, both young and old, Thus to protest g11ynst :\ntichri~t; And should all fayle these stones should cry Perpetually we doe defye Roorne's heresy ; Idolatl'yc, Blood thil'stuess, and boundless so1·craynty.

11 Anno Dom • [623.a

Cl!A:'

, hink it probable these lines were written to the memory of a son of Edmund Gurney, whom he had christened Protestant, from the strong feeling he entertained against Roman Catholicism which his works exhibit; and his doing so is in accordance with the eccentricity of his character. A, U. J 634.] FRANCIS GURNA Y, OF LONDON, MERCHANT. 467

Besides the tendency to Puritanism which his preaching without a surplice prm·es, we have the additional fact that Edmund Gurnay's living not becoming vacant till J 648 a he must have taken the Covenant in 1643 ; ,rhen it was enforced in the diocese of Norwich with extraordinary rigour, from the circumstance of its being within the Earl of Manchester's asso­ ciation. The very learned Dr. Humphrey Prideaux informed Mr. Walker, the author of "The Sufferings of the Clergy, b " that all the clergy of that diocese that would not take the Covenant were ejected, and that two or three hundred lost their preferment. Notwithstanding this c Mr. Walker, says ~Ir. :;\fasters, thinks that he was deprived of his living, and that he might live some years afterwards; and states him to have been an acquaint­ ance of Bishop Hall's. But Fuller, who could not well be ignorant of the time, says he died at the beginning of the civil wars.

4th. ANTHONY, mentioned in the will of his father, Henry Gurney, and in the Heralds' Visitation.

5th. BASSINGBOURNE, died s. p. in his father's lifetime.

6th. FRANCIS, of London, merchant, 1634/ probably the same who in 163D gave Sir Henry Spelman a pedigree of the family. He married Ann daughter of 1Villing Browning of Maldon in Essex,e and is ancestor of the present family of the GURNEYS OF KESWICK: for the account of his descendants, see Part III. of this Record.

7th. LEONARD.-Henry Gurney's will and Heralds' Visitation; ad­ ministered to his sister Amy's effects, 18 Ap. 1627.f

8th. ELIZABETH, married to Salford of London.g In another pedigree this name is spelt Halford, and in another Galford. She is mentioned in her father's will.

" Blomefil'ld in Harpley. b ·walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, page 107. c 'II::tstcrs's Hist. of Corpus Cliristi Coll. Cam. d HeralJs' Visitation. ~ Heralds' Visitation. f :\1SS. Heralds' College. e: Hcral

9th. MARY, a died single, apparently during her father's life.

10th. AMY,° died a spinster 1627. 18 Ap. 1627, adrninistration granted of the effects of Amy Gurney of Great Ellingham, spinster, to her brother Leonard. Gurney. c

11th. ANNE, mentioned in her father's will, married Thomas Osborne, of Norfolk, of a gentleman's family which came into Norfolk from Osborne Hall in Essex, and had property at Mendham, Bixley, and Kirhy­ Beedon. They bore for arms, Argent, a bend between two tigers sable.u

12th. ABIGAIL, mentioned in her father's will.

a Heralds' Visitation. 1, Ibid.

c :iISZ,, Heralds' College ut suprn. d Heralds' Visitation.

~- : t{t :

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~~z?~Jf;ff~::=-· ·-= .-~:_~:;:i. > APP. LXXXII.] LEWKNOR OF DENHAM. 469

APPENDIX LXXXII.

ON THE F A~IIL Y OF LEWKNO!l.

The name of Lewknor is probably derived haps forfeited in 1556, when Edward Lewknor from the place of that name in the county of was concerned in \Vyatt's rebellion. Oxford. At a later period, the family of Lewknor The family early held lands in Sussex, and was connected with that of Oliver Cromwell afterw::inls in Suffolk. The former were per- through the Russells of Cambridgeshire.

PEDIGREE OF LEWKNOR

l\oc;i:R LEWJC\Oll, Sheriff of Sussex, l'.2 E,lw. 1. 1324.,., .. r------1 Tuu,us LEw1c:,or,.=r= .•.. r 7 ~ir ROGER LEIVE..',OH,, Sheriff of Sus.sex, 1-1 und :20 Elhv.1 13.UtBAR.A, duu. and GEOFFRY Lmv1rnon, Justice III. and Knigl1t of tl1c Shire. heir of • . • . Bar­ of Common Pleas 1 Ed w. I. dolf. r--_J 8ir TnmtAS LEw1c~oR. Jo.1x, dau. and heir of John D'Oyly, of Stoke D'0yly. ___1_J Sir Trnrn.,s LEw1rnon, Knight of the Shire 2 Hen. IV.=r=ELJZADETII, dau, of Sir John Carew, of Fulford.

ELI:\OR, clan. and cob. of::;:::Sir Tnmus LEWJWOR, Knight'T'PHILJPPA,

____ _Ja r Sir EDWARD LEWKll'OR, Denham Hall, Suffolk; Knighted-TSvs.,:-1,

From the Vincent ;\ISS. in the College of Arms, and Dallaway's Western Sussex.

* He was implicated in Sir Thomas iVyatt's rebellion ; was arraigned and condemned in Guildlrnll in 1556, but died a prisoner in the Tower before execution, An Act was passed in the 1st of Queen Elizabeth for restoring in hlood his issue.-See Supplement to Suffolk TraYeller, p. 870.

The following funeral certificate mentions the Lewknor, second sonne, (Dorothye maryed to names of the children of Sir Edward Lewknor. Hob'te Castle, of Castle Hall, in the county of It is signed by his son and Thoma5 Gunrny. Cambridge, and dyed saunz yssue ; Martha rnaryed to Thomas Gourncy, sonne and heir Copy ~f the 01·iginal funeral certifiwte on of Henry Gourney, of Ellingham, in the county the death ~f Sir Eclwm·d Lewkno1·,p1·intecl of Norfolk; Anne maryed to Godefrey Hodes, with the euidence taken before the Com­ of Great Houghton, in the county of York, mittee of Prfrileges on the claim ef Thomas esqre.; Hester, marycd to llob't Quarles, of Stoncl', Esquire, to the Ancient Barony ~f Humford, in the county of Essex, esqre ; Camois. No. l 09. Susann, Sary, and Elisabeth vnmarycd). "The right worshipfull Sr Edward Lewknor, "The chicfe rnorner was l\lr. Edward Lewk­ of Denham, in the eountye of Suffolke, knight, nor, the sonne tmd heire, assisted by :\Ir. llob't dcp'tcd this mortall lyffe att his house called Lewknor, H.ob't Quarles, Thomas Gourney, Denham Hall, in the towne and county afore­ and Hob't Castel, the standcrd by l\Ir. John sayd, vppon the nynetenth daye of September, :\fachell, the penno' by Mr. Edward Lewknor, 1605, whose funeral es were very worshipfully of the Inner Temple, ar' ; the officers directing and according to hi, degree solemnized att the att the said ffuncrall were llichrnond and p'ish church of Denham aforesaid, vppon the Som'oett heraulds. nyneth daye of January followying. "In witness of the truth of this certificate, we "The saied Sr Edwardmaryed Susann, daugh­ haYe subscribed our names, theis present 9th of ter and co-heire of Thomas Higham, of Higham January, 1605. Hall, in the county of Suffolk, and by her had Eow. LEWKENoR. yssue att the tyme of his death Edward Lewk­ Tno. GunNAY." nor, his eldest sonne and hcire, and Rob't 471

EDWARD GOURNAY,

Sox of Thomas Gurnay and Martha Le,vknor, his wife, was born in 1608, and was about five years old at the death of his father. He was heir to his grandfather Henry Gurney, Esq. who died in 1623. Edward Gournay was always styled of West Barsham, where he resided. He married Frances, daughter of Richard Hovell, Esq. of l-Iillington, in Norfolk. The HoYells were an ancient family in Suffolk, a younger branch of ,Yhich settled at Billington in the reign of Elizabeth. They bore, Sable, a crescent or. Of the coheiresses of the Hm 0 ells of I-Iillington one married Martin Folkes, Esq. bencher of Gray's Inn, in whose posterity the estates of the Hovells of I-:Iillington eventually centered. (Appendix LXXXIII.) Amongst the documents at Billington is a letter from Eclwarcl Gournay to his father-iu-law Richard Hoven, Esq. which is as follows:

" To my ever honored Father in Lawe Richard Horell, Esq. at Hillington, these. " Sir,-I have not wanted in my wishes & indevours to reconcile some matters, wch you may conceive is the only cause of difference between vs: indeech', if such a thinge could bee done, I think it would prove acceptable to God, pleasing to the world : as for the maine, you are not ignorant of how the abuse has been putt upon my coate of arms, and how maintained, pretendinge it should be done by the authority of an Hearald, when as it mts doue (as I am informed) by one Mr. Lilly, then one of the messengers 4I-"'') EDWARD GURNAY. [PART II.

of the courte; wch mistake, as it was not rightly done, it dothe conscerne mee in point of honour to question the actors in it, to ,vch end I purpose & intend (God willing) to sett forward to London one ffryday next, ,vhere I shall to the vttermost of my power seeke to reco,·er my birth & family from that vnworthy esteeme some have surmised. I should be sorry if any thinge should so much reflect upon you) your sonne or your family : :since it hath pleased God that I have matched therein, I would bee glad itt might retaine a splendour, & not by mee bee any whitt blemished ; but this much I suppose will fall out; that seeing both of us do contend for the antiquetye of our -ffamily, I resolve to present to the judgment of that court what I can show for the justifieing of mine: I could wish (if you think soe fitt) that there may bee one, may 1nake answere for yours; the wch being determined, there may bee some 110pes of a future happiness. This present Satterday I was at Blakney, where I faw 44 goodly horses there landed, wch were intended for Dover, & soe for London, but being there accidentally cast upon that shore, they are resolred to make sale of some of them, or any of them; there coloures are grays and bays ; you may have admyrable chaise for your coach, and happily worth your money. I thought good to signify soe much to yor consicleratione; thus desiring the remembrances of both our dutys to yorselve, & to my mother, w'h our loves to the rest. " I remaine, "The horses I your obedient suppose stay sun-in-lawJ not longer than Enw: GouRNAY. 3 or 4 days. ,vest Basham, April itli, 16:38."

I cannot explain what the discredit put upon Edward Gournay's coat armour may have been. It appears by Dngdale's Correspondence, that many quarrels had arisen between foe heralds and the limners of arms; the former being jealous of the fees which had been paid, and which were ....___~ ,....._

CV> IT ,s Vu . . - CADVCVMHOCmTERNA.T l1ARMOR£DVARDVBGO~ (gILNSETBRRE,S THOM!?, GOVRNAY AR11IGERI ET I MARTHE FILIR,EDVARDI LDIYKENOR DE DENHN'l

IN COMITATV .svFFOLCW MILITIS)QVI JN NOVIS,SJMAM I Dm:M110RTAWATIS EXVVIAS HIC DEPOSVJT.MT PRVDENS,CONSVL'IVp,COMPO.SI'rvs;vrRVNDIQ,\T.B ETFAM1£INTEGER,DEO SINCEREfIDEIJg,AMICO RELIGIOSE FIDV.S, NVLLI INlVSTVS,lNDIG.SN'TIBVS BOOGN1SSI11VS:NEC DE.GET HVIV-S CINERLS OPEROSA NOLES AVT LOQVAX BLOGIVJ:1 CVI VITA PRO EPITAPHIO EST NVMEROSA VIRTVS I ET ~2}S -SVPER~TES ~A PRO Pl~I~E \t ~~ t ~. ~ ✓ 'Fl/ j ~ J ( MIGRJ\VIT 6Avcv.s11ANN0 noFl r64r 0 !~~£TATIS SVE 3~ · / • I ✓• 6"--9~ 0--.9 ~

JN WE:;T llARSllAM CHURCH,

A. D. 1641.] HIS DEATH. now becoming obsolete. ·why this should have interfered with the good understanding between him and his father-in-law, l\Ir. Hovell, I do not understand. Edward Gurnay is frequently mentione

a Blomcficlrl in Irstcd. b Blomcficld in Attleburgh. c Blorncfil'ld in \\'est Barsh.am. ll Dorothy Gurnay's will. e Extracted from the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Cambell 21. 474 EDWARD GURNA Y. IPART II. who created me of the dust of the earth, an

a This child was a daughter named Frances, as appears by the will of Dorothy Gurnay, sister of Edward. A. D. 1641 .] HIS WILL. 4i5 at the time of my death, and that they be all kept for his use, in my closet now over the kitchen, untill he be of discretion to use them. "Item, I give and bequeath unto my brother Thomas Gournay, and to all my sisters, Susan, Dorothy, l\Iathay, Elizabeth, Ellen and :Margaret, twenty shilliugs to each of them, which I desire they would be pleased to bestow on a ring; and, because when I am out of sight I would not be out of mind, I desire each of them to cause to have engraven in every of their said rings this inscription,-PAX VOBIS. E. G. "Item, I give to all my servants that wait upon me at the table five shil­ lings a-piece, and to all the rest two shillings to each of them, in token of my good will towards them. "Item, I give and bequeath to twenty of the most aged and poorest widows in the town of ·walsingham Parva, and the like to Fakenham (such as my executors hereafter nominated shall think fit), sixpence a-piece within eight days after my burial. "Item, I give to the Vicar of West Barsham, for all tithes forgotten and not satisfied, twenty shillings. And of this my last will and testament I make and ordain Frances Gourney my good wife, Susan Gournay my eldest sister, and ·William Davy, Esq. my brother-in-law, and also my sister Ellen Gournay, my executors ; to whom I make an earnest request that they will see my debts discharged, taking therefore all my goods, and \rnnlship and marriage of my child, as is formerly in this my will expressed and declared, and also to bring up my children in the true religion and fear of God. And, in testimony that this is my last will and testament, I subscribe my name hereunto, setting also my seal of arms in two several places in the top with hard wax, it also containing three sheets of paper and sixty-one lines, and do publish it in the presence of them whose names are subscribed to each sheet the day and year above written. "Enw. GouRNA Y, Test. "HAMON" L'EsTRANGE. "JAM. PYZANIE. "Probatum apud London 8 Februarii (juxta cursum et computa,tionem Eccl'ie Anglicane) 1641, coram judice, juramentis Francisce Gourney relicte, Suzanne Gourney sororis, Will'rni Davey armigeri, et Ellene 3Q 476 EDWARD GURNA Y. [PART II.

Gourney sororis, et executorum, quibus commissa fuit administratio de hene, &c." This will was written by his own hand, and sealed with the plain en­ grailed cross.

II. Tam.rAs GouRNAY, second son of Thomas, and brother of Edward Gournay, was a barrister of Lincoln's Inn, and was exe­ r- ( ~ cutor to his sister Dorothy Gurney in 1641. He was I f , living in 1662, when he laid a stone in the pavement of .,--~-. the aisle of the choir of Norwich Cathedral, to the rr; memory of his wife Bridget, who died 16 Sept. 1652. On the stone are the arms of Gurney, impaling on a fess, between three fieurs-de-lis, three bezants.a With the following inscription :

REST A URA TO REGE CAROLO zndo

( CUJUS RED ITU t,ON SOLUM

VIVORUM SED ETIAM ~IORTUO­ RUM DORMITORIA, NEC NON" FANA IPSA SACRATA FANATICOHUM VIOLATIONIBUS PRESERVANTUR) IN MEMORIAM BRIGITTJE UXORIS SUJE DILECTISSIMJE 26° 7BRIS, ANNO SALUTIS 1652, DE:'

The grave of this Mrs. Bridget Gourney was accidentally opened about thirty years ago, and her skull was found having a long and luxuriant head of hair upon it; it was long preserved and shown by the vergers; the hair was become very coarse and was of a light reddish colour. The six daughters of Thomas Gurnay III. and sisters of Edward, were as follows:

a 1 have not discovered what family these anns belong to. A. D. 1641.] DOROTHY GURNAY. 477

1. SusAN, mentioned in the wills of her brother Edward and sister Dorothy in 1641.

2. DoROTHY, who was of the parish of St. George's Tombland, in Nor­ wich. She is frequently mentioned in the Harleian MS. No. 6395, enti­ tled " ]\Jerry Passages and Jests," as " My Couz. Dol. Gurney," " Couz. Dor. Gour." &c. (App. LXXXIV.) It is a remarkable illustration of the coarseness of manners prevalent at this period, that some of the " merry jests" of this lady are of a description which cannot be transcribed. The will of Dorothy Gurnay is dated in 1641, and is as follows :

[ Extracted from the Registry of the Lord Bishop of Norwich. Regr. Gibson, fol. 140. J

"In the name of God amen. I, Dorothy Gurnay, of the pari8h of St. George's of Tombland, in the countie of the citty of Norwich, singlewo­ man, beinge in perfect understandinge and memory at the present time (thanked be God therefore), doe now make, ordeyne, and declare this my last will and testament in manner and form following, viz. First, I be­ quethe my soule to Almightie God, my mercifull father, humbly intreat­ inge him for the merritts of his sonn Jesus Christ, my onely Savior, to par­ don and forgive all my sinns, and soe longe as I shall continue in this world soe to direct and guide me by his holy spirritt that I may live in his feare & to his glory, and after this sinfull life ended he may receyve my soule among the rest of his elect and chosen children into his ever­ lastinge kingclome; my body I comitt to the care and discretion of my executor and friends, to be buryed after the ordenary and usuall manner of Christians, in hope and certain assurance of the resurrection of it unto eternall life, at the greate and terrible day of judgment : Um. I give and hequeth to Susan Gurnay, my deare and loveinge sister, fifty pownds. Hm. I give and bequethe to Ellen Gurnay, my cleare and lovinge sister, fifty pownds. Hm. I give unto :Martha Smith, my deare and loveinge sister, tenn pmvnds. Hrn. I give unto Elizabeth Crow, my deare and loveinge sister, tenn pownds. Um. I give unto Margarett Davy, my deare and loveinge sister, term pownds. Hm. I give unto Henry Gurnay, my eldest 478 EDWARD GURNA Y. [PART II. brother's sonn, tenn pownds. Hm. I give unto Francis Gurnay, my eldest brother's daughter, tenn pownds. ltm. I give unto lWary Davy, my bro­ ther Davy's

3. l\lARGARET, married William Davy1 Esq.; and appears to have been eventually principal heiress of this family, as is stated hereafter. A. D. lG-1 !.] CROWE OF EAST BILNEY. 479

4. ELIZABETH, married Bozoun Crowe, of East Bilney, Esq. The family of Crowe was resident at East Bilney from the time of Henry VHI. and became extinct within the last century. In East Bilney Church are the arms of Crowe, Girony of eight sable and or, on a chief of the first two leopard's faces of the second; quarterly, one and six, Crowe. 2. Azure, a chevron ermine between three cockle· shells argent, Townshend. 3. Gules, three bird bolts argent, feathered or, Bozoune. 4. Gunz~y. 5. Sable, eleven balls argent between two flanches of the second, Spelinan. On a helmet, a crest, five arrows sable, feathered argent, four in saltier, one in pale, bound together with a string gules, between the arrows a mascle or.a.

5. ELLEN, who was executor to her bro­ ther, Edward Gurnay; she was fourth wife of Robert Longe, Esq., of Reymerstone. In the chancel of the church there is the following inscription to the memory of her husband:

" I. H. S. " Here lyes the body of Robert Longe, Esq. Justice of the Peace for this county near twenty years. He had four wives:- " The first, Ann, youngest daughter and coheiress of Thomas Milner, of Lynn, marchant, by whom he had issue, Robert, Thomas, John, Charles, Priscilla, Elizabeth, Henry and William. '' Second wife, Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Francis Bacon, one of the Justices of the King's Bench, by whom he had issue only Frances.

a N"orris's Church Collections, East Bilney. 480 EDWARD GURNAY. [PART II.

" Third wife, Frances, the relict of Edward Gournay, of Bassham, Esq. " Fourth wife, Ellen Gournay, daughter and heiress of Thomas Gournay, of \Vest Bassham, Esq. by whom he had Ann, Ellen, and John.

" Obiit 7 Decembris, retatis sure --, Mrre Xnre l 688."

Of these children of Robert Longe and Ellen Gournay, Ellen alone appears to have surdved. She married Major Richard Ferrier; and her son Richard Ferrier was M.P. for Yarmouth in 1708, 1710, and 1713. Her descendants, the respected family of Ferrier, still exist at Yarmouth, and its neighbourhood.

o. MARTHA, married William Smith, of Walsingham Magna, Esq. in whose will, dated 1643, she is a legatee; secondly, Charles Calthorpe, of Great Massingham, Gent."

a Heralds' Visitation, 1664. .UP. LXXXIIL] HOVELL OF HILLINGTON. 481

APPENDIX LXXXIII.

ON THE FA.\l!LY OF HOVELL.

The Hovells of Hillington are a younger branch of the very ancient family of Hovell of Ashfield in Suffolk. The elder branch is re­ presented by the present Lord Thurlow, the younger by Sir William Browne Ffolkes, Bart. of I-Iillington. The IIovells of Suffolk bore for arms, Sable, a plain cross or ; those seated at 1-Iillington, Sable, a crescent or.*

PEDIGREE OF HOVELL, on HOVILL.

R1cl!ARD IIon:LL, held lands at the time of the Conqueror of the Abuot of' Bury, at \Vyvcrston in Suffolk,

Sir J Oil:'i HOVELL, of W rntting Parva in Suffolk, 1370.

RICHARD IIOYELL, of Rishinghall lllagna in Suffolk, ob. 3 Henry VI. 1424.1 . r------~ 0 \\ ILLIDI llovILL, of Rishinghall, oli, 1433.=pBEATRIX, clau. of Sir John Thorpe, of Ashwell Thorpe. r------\\'1u IA~l I-Iov11.L, of Ashfield, living-TFRANCES, dau. of' Sir Arthur Hopton, of 21 Hen. VII. (1CU5). Westwood, Suffolk. r \\'1LL!A\l HOVELL, of Ashfield, living-TELIZ.l.BETH, eldest dau. and coheir of Rowland Harsyke, :21 Hen. \'III. (1529). _ of Lapham in Norfolk. r \YJLLLUl HOVELL, of Ashfiehl, Esq.=;=ANNE, dau. of Thomas Gawdy, of Harleston, Esq. r------_L~------7 RoBERr IIOVELL, of Ashfield in Suffolk, \VrLLIAM HoVELL,=;=ANN, ,bu, of Jo11N HOVELL, of Iladwell, ellle~t son, whose deseend.:ints are repre- of Stratford IIall, I Hichard Tur- Suffolk, n1ar. Ann, dau. of sented 1,y Lor,! Thurlow. in Hadley, Suffolk. ner, of Norton. HoLert Cooke, r-- H1cHA1rn HOVELL, of Stratford, Suffolk, and Flitcham in Norfolk, purchased=;=MARGERY, dau. of John Ford, of Hillington temp. Elizabeth. I Frating, Essex. ~~-----,------'Tl"T -,--,--,7 \\r!LLLL'l liovELL, RrcHARD=j=FRAXCES, dau. CATHERINE, niar. 1st, Fran~is Fyshe; ELIZATIETH, mar. Thoma8 rna. Aun Bulmer. IIovELL, Iof \Villiam 2nd, Edward Mordaunt; 3rd, Alex- Russell, of Rndham. A:--:Tirn:\'Y. Esq. of Fcarnley, of antler Dering. THOMASINE, mar. Thomas '1'110,1.1, HOVELL, Hilling- Creeting St. l:lnmm:T, ma. William 1\lott, of Lynn. l\arues, of East \Vinr:h. marr. Dorothv tun, )fary, Suffolk, :;,LrnGARET, mar, Ralph De la Hay, of l\lARV, ma. \\'illiarn (+ood- Scarnl>ler, • ob. 1648. Lynn. win. A:-,:m, mar. George Selby, of St, An­ .MARGARET. drews, Suffolk, a

" Blomefield, in I-Iillington. 482 EDWARD GURNAY. [ PART II. a r --r------n \\'ILLL\\I Sir R1caARD HoVELL,=r=DuHOTIIY, dau. of Sir Thomas F1tANCEs, mar. J A.')E, died young. i roYi:u,. Knt. of llillington, ob. IChicheley, of \Virnpolo, Cam- Etl warJ Gur- ELJZABIC:Tif, mar. -- Aug. l 654. bridgeshire. ney, Esq. Cuulson, Gent. r---- ,--_L------, -r-----7 DonoTJIY, mar. Sir \V1LLIAM=,=En1EL1tEDA, dau. F1tANCIS ANTIIO:'

APPENDIX LXXXIV.

AnecclotP,s related b:y ]J.fembers ?f the Fami(v saw no reason they had to hang him for two · 1!f' Gnrne:y to Sir Nicholas LestJ"CT.nge, wives, when the priest told him before a creat Bart. temp. Cltas. I. From the JJ,fS. people, he might have sixteen,-foure better, Harl. 6395, entitled, " lJferr:y Passages foure worse, foure richer, foure poorer (instead "ncl Jests." of For better, &c.) FnA. GunNEY. [I have thought it well to give such of the anecdotes in this Collection as were related 135. Yong !VIr. Hov.* when he learnt first by meml,ers of the Gurney family. Some, to dance, was much disswaded and discourag'd however, were not of a description to be in­ by T. Gm.t " For," says he, " it is impos­ serted. My friend, J. G. Nichols, Esq. F.S.A. sible for the ever to attaine the best perfection has furnished a curious and iuteresting memoir in it, because thou hast no musicall eare; '' for to one of the volumes"' of the Camden Society he never footed to the musicke, nor could dis­ from this Harlcian MS. These anecdotes illus­ tinguish betwixt the beginning, end, or middle trate the manners of the period, but appear to of any dance, or betwixt one tune and an­ he devoid either of talent or humour.] other. " O," sayes Hovell, " now I see thou 30. Edm. Gurney usd to say, that a mathe­ dost not understand what belongs too 't; for matitian is like one that goes to markett, to buy dost thinke we have nothing else to doe but to an axe to breake an egge. listen to the fiddles, when we should dance ? " Eo. GuRNEY. NED GURNAY.

120. A ·w elchman had sentence of death 169. Upon high festivalls the Bishoppe or passt upon him for having two wives; but he Deane use to prcache at Christ Church in stormd and swore, Uds splitt his nailes, he Norwich, and to goe up into the pulpitt in their * Anecdotes and Traditions: e,\ited by ,v. J. Thoms, skarlett robes. On Christmas Day it was the Esq. F.S.A. * Mr. Hovell. t Thomas Gurney, APP. LXXXIV.] "MERRY PASSAGES AND JESTS." 483

Deane's course, who preacht in his redde robes; making downe for the cold wette grounds, was and a poor silly woman being askt when she by some accident forct into the pond which came home \\'ho preacht at Christ Church? they were then drawing, and fell foule of t11e " Truly," says she, " I know not, unless 'twere nett. In the interim, the doggs being in cold one of our aldermen ; for I am sure he had a hunting, and almost at a dead fault, Dicke Hov. reddc gowne." gallopps downe to the company, and meeting DoL. GURNEY. Sr Jo. Pao. there, salutes him and askt bim what he fisht for? " For bares," sayes he. 271. Power, of Christ-Colledge in Cambr. (Upon this tbey wagerd angclls apecce, and precht ones at St. Maries, and all his sermon put stakes into a thircl hand; Sr Jo. Pooley was but a Narration of the Life of Christ, and wonne, ancl had it.) "That's very likely," say es the miracles wrought by him ; but wound up Dick Ilov. ( taking it for a frump and jeere.) and concluded his discourse in this manner : "I am sure 'tis very true," sayes Sr Jo. " and '' And all this was by the Power of Christ." that you'l find presently. Pull, l'ull," sayes T110. GoeRNAY. he, and up they drew the nett, with a great hare sprawling in it. " Lookc you here," 343. l\Ir. Hill, that marryed Mr. Potts his cryes Sr John, " did not I tell you as much?" daughter, when he was a suter to his wife, she " Yes faith,'' sayes Dick, " and now I see the was fumbling of some tune with her fingers old saying is true, that ther's no creature upon upon the table. " Lady," says he, " I durst earth but the water has the same : what a lay a ,rnger I could tell you what you play." wonderful! thing it is!" " Not a whit," sayes " I doubt it," sayes she, so she tryde it againe. Sr Jo. Pao. "to me; for I have eatc many a " Now tell me what I play?" " \\'hy, I good hare oute of this pond in my time."

thinke you play the foole,'' says he; which com­ NED GouRNAY. pliment much vcxt her, and put her extream1y out. 364. Prebend Robarts, of Norwich, riding My C. Do. GouRNAY. into the country, pass'd by a plaine fellow's house, whose child he had formerly answered 359. A baker in Norwich, while his wife for, and enquiringe for his godsonnc, the good lay sicko and bedridde, was providing of an­ father over-joyed, fell into such superlative other, whose name was Grace. His first dyde, com'endations of him, as if it might be much and still, as his neighbours came to comfort suspected by his forward pregnancie that he him, and tell him what a lossc he had, " I, would not be long-liv'd. He was glad to heare, friends ! " sayes he, "on heavy losses God gi l'e but loath to see, by reason of his hast of busi­ me patience, and Grace." nesse at that time ; yet the extreame impor­ l\Iy Co. Do. Goun. tuntie of his gossippe, and hope of finding something admirable in the child, made him 363. Young Mr. Rich. Hovell, being a dismount, and coming into the house, he found hunting neer to Sr John Pooleys ( who was his godsonne cag'd up among the joynt-stooles then fishing of a water by his house), the hare on the farther side of a long table. His fathn 3 R 484 EDWARD GURNA Y. [PART II. calls him, and woo'd him to come out, and aske 451. Parson E

7 f

"~~-tr-- - ,11 ! 485

HENRY GURNAY IL

SoN of Edward Gurnay and Frances Hovell his wife, was born in 1632, and was nine years old at the death of his father. He married Ellen, c1aughter of vVilliam Adams, Esq.a barrister-at-law, and died without children at the age of twenty-eight, in 1660. He ·was the last of the Gournays of ·west Barsham ; in the church there is the following inscrip­ tion to his memory : To the memory of Henry Gournay, Esq. This stone was laid in the ye'.lr of Our Lon\ lG'i0.

His will is elated 20th December (no year mentioned), and was proved 11th February 1660, it is as follo·ws:

[Extracted from the Registry of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.] " In the name of Goel Amen, I Henry Gourney, of West Barsham, in the county of Norfk. Esquire, being sick in body but of perfect memory, do hereby declare and publish my last will and testament. First I bequeath my soul unto the Lord that gave it, and my body to the dust of Yvhich it mls made. 'Whereas Frances Gourney, widow, my mother, by her deed of surrender, did surrender and grant her estate for life of the manor of West Barsham and Holton, alias Gaunt Hall, in Holton, and all the lands, liberties, and privileges to those the said manors appertaining, and all other lauds in any of the saicl towns, or in any other town adjoining, unto me the said Henry Gourney her son, who had the remainder in tail next and immediately after the death of the said Frances my mother; and whereas I the said Henry Gourney, the last term, did levy a fine, with proclamations according to the statute, of all and singular the premise;:;

·' Qua't'l', whether of the family of A clams, Baronets, of Sprowston in Norfolk'! 486 HEXRY GURXAY II. [ PART II. afore-mentioned; my will is that my dear wife shall have all and singular the premises aforesaid, for and during the term of her natural life, paying unto the said Frances Gourney my mother one hundred pounds yearly, and every year during the life of the said Frances my mother, at the four most usual feasts of the year, commonly called Christmas, Our Lady Day, l\Iidsurnmer, and Michaelmas, by even and equal portions; and for want of such payment as aforesaid that it shall be lawful to and for the said Frances to

a Harl. MSS. 5801, fol. I. Le Neve's Pedigrees of Knights. A.D. 1660,l ESTATES SOLD AND DIVIDED. 4Ri

I 674, He was son of Philip Calthorpe, of Gressenhall, and grandson of Sir James Calthorpe, of Cockthorpe. Sir Lestrange Calthorpe was a serjeant-at-law and of the Middle Temple. The present family of Balders, omwrs of "'est Barsharn, are his descendants, through the 1\Iorleys. Of the other ancient properties of the Gurneys, we have already stated that Anthony Gurney sold the lordship of Swathings, or Harding-ham, in the reign of Henry VIII. Harpley manor was apparently settled upon the issue of Anthony Gur­ ney's second marriage, which was an only daughter Elizabeth, whose descendants the Yelvertons, sold it to the vValpoles in 1642. (See page 451.) Irstead, and the manors surrounding it, which were held by the Gurneys, were sold to Sir Peter Gleam", Knight, either by Edward Gurney or his grandfather Henry Gurney I. sometime before the year l 632. I do not discover how the most ancient of the Gurney fiefs,· Hingham­ Gurneys, became alienated from the family. Thus the estate of the Gournays in Norfolk became as it were a wreck 0f what it had been. Great Ellingham was the only part which appears to

UltEAT ELLl2\GHA.'-r1 U.U,L. have been inherited by the heirs of the female line; it devolved to Mar­ garet, aunt of Henry Gurnay II., and one of the sisters of Edward Gurnay, 488 HENRY GURNA Y II. [PART II.

She married William Davy, Esq.a by whom she had an only child ~1ary, married to Sir Roger Potts, Bart. of Mannington, who died in I 711, and she in 170 I. Their daughter, and eventually heiress, Susan Potts, mar­ ried Matthew Long, of Dunston, Esq. whose family through her are the principal representatives in the female line of the Gurneys of ,vest Barsham. The family of Potts had property at Mannington frorn a very early period, and the latter generations were several times knights of the shire for Norfolk. They bore for arms, Azure, two bars or, over all a bend of the second. \Villiam Davy, Esq. resided in the old hall at Great Ellinghnrn, as well as Sir Roger Potts, before the death of his father. In the register of this parish is the baptism of Ursula, daughter of R'.)ger Potts, 5 Dec. 1670. Mrs. Ellen Gourney (widow of this Henry Gurnay II.) was sponsor, with Sir John Potts and Elizabeth Potts. Sir Roger Potts solrl the estate of Great Ellingham to J\fr. Francis Colman, of Norwich, who was lord of the manor in Blomefield's time.

2. FRANCES GuRNAY, the sister of Henry Gurnay IL was living in 1641, and was a legatee in the will of Dorothy Gurnay, of Norwich, her aunt, that :c;ame year; she was born after 6th Nov. 1639, when her father Edward Gurnay made his will. I suppose she died single, and that the

\Villiam Davy was son of Henry Davy, sheriff and alderman of Norwich, as by the follow­ ing- pedigree, ta,ken from the Heralds' Visitation of 1664.

R1c1IARD DAVIE, of En,ston,'TCIIRISTIA'.'IA, dau. and heir of Richard Bishop, X orfolk. I of Yarmoutl,, co. Norfolk. r HE~nr D,1 vrn, sheriff antl al.Jerman of=j==ELIZABETH, dau. of Richard \VeLb, of Ixworth, Xorwich, ~nd son, f co, Su1fulk • .------J 'W1LLL\)t D,11rn, of Ellingham ~lagna,=r:l!ARGARET, dau. of Thomas Gonrney, Esq. of iVest Barsham, co. Norfolk. / co, Norfolk. rJ :ILIRY.=Sir ROGER POTTS, Bart. The Davys of lVfangreen, and the present Davys of Ingoldcsthorpc, descend from the same family, through the Davys of Gunthorpe. A.D. IGGO.] WEST BARSHAM. 489 following inscription on a flagstone in "\Vest Barsham Church commemo­ rates her:

" To the memory of Frances Gourney this stone was laid in 1670."

In the chancel of the church of "\Vest Barsham several monuments to

The Gurney badge, the wrestling collar, was also in the window, but the pane of glass that contained it being loose, it was given to the present family. Near the church stands the old family mansion, which still bears the appearance of an ancient manor house. Colonel Balclers, the late owner of it, remembered it moated round, with a great many coats of arms in the coloured glass of the windows. It is probable that the eight remaining panes of an armorial pedigree of this 490 HE~RY Gl;RNAY II. [PART II,

,=, ,' C, ~ ~:>:~ ~/~?,f//,,:

,'~_~\,l\ '~~ l-',;:-,-.(.-7',, __.,i

WEST BARSI-IAM HALL,

family, m coloured glass, now preserved in a window at '\V alsingham Abbey, were originally brought from ·west Barsham. vVe have already given these at page 320.

WEST DARSIIA)[ CI!U.RCII,

The church at West Barsham is a low small structure with remains of A.D, 1660,] WEST BARSHAM. 491 c>arly Norman architecture about it. The entrance door of the south porch especially is a good specimen of a pointed arch with the zig-zag

PORCH, WEST BARSIIAll.

ornament. There has obviously been a square Norman tower in the centre of the building, only one side of which remains. The present chancel being of a much later date, and containing many monumental slabs in memory of the Gurneys ( 1831). a s 492 HENRY GURNA Y II. [ PART II.

One of the present family was told, when he visited this church in 1791, that the windows were formerly entirely filled with shields of the matches of the Gurneys, but that the tower had fallen and broken them. The only Gurney arms in glass that then remained was Gurney impaling Hovell, with one crest apparently broken out, and the vvrestling collar as a second crest. Upon the death of Henry Gurnay IL the family of the Gurneys of West Barsham became extinct, and this race of men, which had existed for so many centuries, was dispersed and scattered, younger branches of it alone remaining after the destruction of the parent stem.

Tote rien se torne en declin, Tot chiet, tot muert, tot vait a fin ; Hom muc1t, fer use, fust porrist, Tur font, mur chiet, rose flaistrit ; Chcval trcsbuche, drap vic-sist; Tote ovre fet od mainz perist ; Bien entenz e conoiz e sai, Ke tuit morront e cler e lai; E mult ara lor renomee Ernprez lor mort corte dnree ; Se par cler ne est misc en livre Ne pot par el

" Toute chose tourne en declin, tout tombe, tout meurt, tout va ii fin; l'homme mcurt, le fer use, le bois pourrit, la tour s'ecroule, le mur tombe, la rose fletrit ; cheval bronche, drap viellit, tout ce qui est fait .de la main perit: Cest bien entendu et connu et su, que tous mourront, et clerc et lai ; et leur renommee aura tres courte duree apres leur mort, si par clerc elle n'est pas mise au livre, e!le ne peut pas par elle-meme durer ni vivre.

END OF THE GURNEYS OF WEST B:\RSHA:\L 493

THE GURNEYS OF CAWSTON AND AYLSHAM.

vVALTER GURNEY, second son of \Villiam Gurney, Esq., of West Barsham, and Anne Calthorpe bis wife, was the ancestor of this younger branch of the Gurney family. (See pages 400 and 409.) He was living in the l l th Henry VIL, 1496, and had lands granted him by his father at Cley-next-the-Sea,a of which place he \Yas styled, and married Margaret, daughter of Edmund ~Ioore, of Y\'olterton, Esq., and relict of Robert Dynne, of Heyclon ;b she afterwards, according to the Heralds' Visitation, married Robert Herward, of Roughton near Cromer, and fourthly Henry Herwarcl. vVe doubt whether this is entirely correct, as the following inscription in the church at Cmvston may refer to this Margaret. " Orate pro animahus 1\Iargarite Herward, et vVill'i I--Ierward, et Nich'i Herman, et Johan'is Dowsyng, nuper virorum predicte lVIargarite."c Of the names here mentioned, the I--Ierwards and the Dynnes of Hey­ clon, were people of very good family in Norfolk.

\VILLIA:.\I GURNEY, of Cawston, gent., was son anu heir of the above­ named vValter. He was supervisor of the will of Thomas Hay1s, of Cawston, dated 22nd April, 1528 ;ct he occurs by the same name and addition in I ;,51 ,e and witnesses a will there 15.52 ;r again he occurs as living at Cawston in 1556.g He married Anne, daughter of "William Wayte, gent.,

a Blomefield in "\Yest Barsharn. Norris :\ISS. Irsted. b Heralds' Visitation. c Blomdield in Cawston.. d Arch. Norw. Heg. Randcs, fol. 418 b. Norris '.\JSS.

e Ileg. Coraunt, fol. 334 a. Norris MSS. t Arch. :Norw. Hcg. "\Voodcock, fol. 408 b. g Reg. Folklin, fol. 222 a. 494 GURNEYS OF CA WSTON AND A YLSHAM. [PART II.

of Titteshall, in Norfolk. The arms of Gurney, Argent, a cross engrailed gules, with a crescent azure in the first quarter for difference, impaling Wayte of Norfolk, Azure, a fess or between three fishes naiant argent, were formerly amongst others in the windows of the par­ sonage house at Cawston.a He had issue by his wife Anne vVayte, I. \Villiam, his son and heir. 2. Prudence, married to Gilbert Parker, of Honing, Norfolk, gent., where his family had been seated for many generations. This Gilbert Parker was heir to his maternal uncle, Clement Herward, of Aldborough, Esq. ; he died in 1604, and she before l 605. 3. ~\nne, married to Edward Hamoncl, Rector of Cawston, who was buried in the church there, with the following inscription to his memory: "Hie jacet corpus Edwardi Hammond, Rectoris hujusce Ecclesie quad­ raginta septem annos, qui obiit decimo die Junii, A.D. 1621."b William Gurney died in 1579; his will is dated the 15th, and proved the 27th February in that year. It is made by the name and addition of ·wmiam Gurney, senr. of Cawston, gent.; he directed to be buried at the church at Cawston, and gave to the repair of the said church 20s., to the poor 20s., to the repair of the churches of Booton and Cleye by the Sea 20s. To Anne his wife he gives divers lands and tenements in Cawston for her life, remainder to ·wmiam Gurney his son, to whom also he gave

a Dlomefielcl in Cawston. 1, Ibid. A.D. 1595.] GURNEYS OF CAWSTON AND AYLSHAM. 495 and Gilbert Parker, gent., his son-in-law, supervisor.a Anne, his wife, continued his widow to her death: by her will, made by the name of Anne Gurney of Cawston, widow, dated 16th Sept. l 595, and proved 21st Jan. following, she directed to be buried in the church there by her husband \Villiam Gurney, and ordered a gravestone to be laid over their graves. She gave legacies to the towns of Cawston, Titshall, and East Barsham, and ~ave lands to ·William Gurney, gent.,_ and legacies to Elizabeth Cooke, Lucy Johnson, ·woolston Gurney,. Robert Gurney, Mary Gurney, Mary Parker, Gertrude, Thomas, and Prudence Parker, Edward, William, Elizabeth, l\latthew, and Gilbert Hammond, all of them her grandchildren; to her brother Henry \Vayte, gent., and to his children then living ; to her brother George YVayte, and his children then living : land was given to Prudence Parker, her daughter, in fee, and made her sole executrix, and Edward Hammond, her son-in-law, supervisor.b She was buried according to her desire, and a brass plate, with Roman capitals and the effigies of a man and woman and a shield with arms, ·was placed over her and her husband, with this inscription:-

HERE LYETH THE BODIE OF WILL~!. GURNAY, GE:\'T, WHO DEP'TED TIIE xth DAY OF .\!ARCHE, ANNO D'NI 1578, AND ANNE HIS WIFE, WHO DEP'TED THE xrxth DAY OF JANUARIE, ANNO D'NI 1595. TIIEY HAD ISSUE ONE SONNE AND 3 DAUGHTERS, Of this monument the inscription alone remains. In Marham Church, among many others, were formerly in two instances the arms of this branch of the Gurneys impaling \Vayte, as given above, also Herward impaling Gurney.c

\VILLIAM GuRNEY, son of William and Anne \Vayte his wife, occurs as witness to a ,vill at Cawston, 16th March, 1599.d lfo married Emma, daughter of -- Browne, gent. of Tacolston, in

a Arch. Norw. Reg. Sellers, fol. 249 b. b Arch. Norw. Reg. Holmes, fol. 25.5 b.

c H:irl. l\ISS. ::.\Ius. Brit. 901, pp. 26, 27, 87, written about 157.5 by Mr. llol)ert Kemp. J Arch. Norw. Hcg. Holmes, fol. 255 b. 40G GURNEYS OF CAWSTON AND AYLSHAM, [PART. TI.

Norfolk. The family of Brovme is ancient, and existed at Sparkes Hall at that place. He had issue-

1. WooLSTON GURNEY of North vValsham, who married Alice Hagon/ 30th July, 1595, and died s. p. in the lifetime of his father.b

2. RoBERT GuRNEY of Ay1sham, g·ent., eventually heir.

3. ELIZABETH, married Robert Coke of ·walcot, who was of the same family as Lord Chief Justice Coke, whose ancestors possessed property at East Ruston, Walcot, and Happisburgh, and were among the minor gentry, perhaps yeomen, of that district. The father of Lord Chief Justice Coke had a grant of arms in the reign of Philip and Mary, Argent, a chevron engrailed gules between three tiger's heads erased sable, dented argent, languecl of the second, collared or ; but Sir Edward Coke bore, Per pale azure and gules, three eagles displayed argent.

COILE.

-1. LucY, married Richard Johnson of Cawston, and aftenrnrds -­ Flaxman.

-William Gurney's will is dated 31st July, 10th James I., 1620. He directed to be buried in the church at Cawston. To Emma, his wife, he

a North Walsham Parish Register.

b neg. Eade, fol. 251 a. There was an ancient family of the name of Hagon or Bacon ,e,ttC'd at \Vestacre and Melton in Norfolk. They had also lands in Cley.

c Blomefield in Mileham. Norris MSS. E. Ruston. Happing. -·LD. 1620.] GURNEYS OF CA WSTON AND A YLSHAM. 49i gave his tenement where he then lived, called Nichols, with the houses, yards, gardens, grounds, &c. thereunto belonging, to hold to the said Emma, her heirs and assigns, for ever, paying thereout to Robert Gurney, his son, 20!. Certain other lauds in Cawston he gave to Lucy Flaxman for life, remainder to his son Robert in fee, legacies to Dorothy Parker, his god-daughter, and made his wife sole executrix. Proved 7th Anµ:ust, 1620.a Robert Gurney of Aylsham, gent., was second son of the above-name(l ·William and Emma Browne; he married Dorothy, widow of John Tomson of Aylsham. There was a family of this name living at Berry Hall, at Aylsham, or rather at Bursh by Aylsham. \Ye have no knowledge of Robert Gurney's descendants; hut that this branch of the family was not extinct with him appears by the ~ollowing; inscription, which was seen by Mr. Norris in the church at Aylshmn :-

" Thomas et Gulielmus Filii Thoma, Gournay Novissimum diem Hie depositi sunt. 8 · 1543 Thomas 1obnt .. l4° m • Jan.)\ A. Gulielmus 12° ms. Feb.) Sal.), 1641 Sanctificati brevi impleverunt longa tempora; grati enim Domino erant ipso, et propkrea festinavit eos tollere ex mortalitatis medio." \Ve find also the will of Anne Gurney of Aylsham, \Yidow, dated Oct. 10, 1660, proved Nov. 24, 1665, in which she mentions her brother, Henry Lyncolne, Susan Thompson her daughter, Anne and Susan Levington her grandaughters, and leaves land at Swanton Morley.

a A.rch. Norw. Reg. Barker, fol. 284 a. Norris '.\ISS. 498 [ PART II.

GURNEYS OF LONDON, ESSEX, AND DARTMOUTH.

THESE Gurneys were descendants of Thomas Gurney, third son of William Gurney IV. of "\Vest Ilarsham, and Anne Calthorpe. (See pages 400 and 410.) Their pedigree is as follows:-

Tuo,1As GURNEY, executor to his father 1507, left Ly him an annuit:;T-..• , , , from Harpley and the manor of Scultlwrpe.

TnoJrAS GUrt:'iEY, son ancl heir.=,:=., , , --- GOUJtNEY.=f,,., r L-7 R1cHARI> GUR:'iEY,-JANE, dau, of Richard ·wrLLlAJ! Gu1t:'iEY, of London, JANE, nm. Jorrn ITHmlASINE, of London, sheriff Johnson, of Hemp- merchant, executor to his Francis GouR- daughter of 15DU, buried in St. stead, Essex, oliiit brother Thomas 1589, and to Clarke, NEY, Riehard l\Iiohacl's, Crooked 161 Z, buried in St. his brother Richard 1597. 1589- de co. Smith, of Lane, 21st ~farch Bryde's Church. TnoJLIS CluR:·mY, of Lonclon, 15~7. Som. :\lalton, co. 15%. ~-~------~merchant, will provecl 158().~----~---, Dorset. Sir Trro,us Gurt:'iEY,1 13ATHESEDA, mar. Israel JANE, mar. John ANN, n1ar. "rJLLI.A:'il Tno:uASTCi-R.\CE, Knt. of Stifford in Owen, citizen and \Vinclw, citizen Thomas Clont- Goui,- ,lau. of Essex, High Sheriff grocer. and clothwork­ EYans, of NEY, 2d c'iEY, of \Yil- 16:22, will proved 3 SrmLLA,ma. Humphrey er ; 2 h. Rich­ London, son, will Dart- lium llfay 1631, buried in "\\'ares, citizen and ard V rnne, al,!. hauer- prove,! month, Bodley, St. }fartyn 's at Lud­ grocer ; relict of E

This pedigree is taken from one by Cook Clarenceux, and from MSS. m the Heralds' College.

In Willis's Notitia Parliamentaria, I find, '' Representatives m Parlia­ ment for Dartmouth, in Devonshire : A.D. 1596.] GURNEYS OF LONDON, ESSEX, AND DART~IOUTH. 499

1557. Thos. Gournay. 157 I. Thos. Gourney. 1572. Thos. Gurney, v,ho dying "·as succeeded by \Vm. Liston. lG03. Thos. Gourney." Of Sir Thomas Gurney, Sheriff of Essex in 1622, I find the following account in Morant's Essex, under the parish of Stifford, and l\'fanor of Fleet Hall, otherwise Cleys :- " The Clock-house, anciently named Loveland, now an ale-house, here known by the sign of the Dog and Partridge, belonged to Sir Thomas Gourney, Knt., Sheriff of this county in 1622, who had the advowson of the church and several parcels of land. He held this messuage of the King, as of his Honor of Tutbury, parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster; and of Edw. Kightley, Esq., as of his manor of Grey's Thurrock; he held the advowson of this church, Great and Little N uttborough, Great and Little Limekills, the Brach, Smithfield, and Mayes, of Thomas Latham, Esq., as of his manor of Stifford ; he held 80 acres called Burrells and Chickeners, several parcels called Wattslands, and other rnessuages and parcels; and of the manor of \Vest Thurrock he held Morrislaml, the Brach, Torrells, l\Iead, Davy-down-wood, &c., all in this parish."a Sir Thomas Gourney died on the 3d April, 1631." His will, in which he was styled Sir Thomas Gurney, l(nt., of Styfford, in the county of Essex, was proved in 1631.c " His father, Richard Gournay, Alderman of Lornlon, dyed 5 ::\larch, 1596. Owr the porch of the house are these letters T.G. H. lij07.d" Richard Gurney, Alderman of London, bore for arms," Arg

a lVIor:mt's Essex, vol. i. p. 98. 0 Inquis. 7 Caro. June 18.

c \Vil\ in Doctors' Commons. d l\lorant's Essex, nt supra.

e Extract from a 1\1S. preserved in the College of Arms, by Dr. 1\Jatthew Hntton: "Church Notes. In St. Michael's, Crooked Lane, London, lG 19, llic'us Gournye, Ald'us Lond., ob. l 5!.l6, et Anna uxor cjus, qu.e ob. 1612; issue 12 nati. Gourny po rte ar. cros. ingr. g. en l er qr cinqfoil az. Ejus uxor pt. az. fos. cngr. or, cntre 3 roses ar. leaves stalks ar. Thomas Gomney filius ejus unicus relictus, Anna renupta viro cuidam nobili scd uxori ingrato." Heralds' Visitation. 3 T ;j(JQ GURXEYS OF LONDON, ESSEX, AND DARTMOUTH. [PART II. engraile

END OF PART II. PART III. TIIE GURNEYS OF KESWICK, IN NORFOLK.

FRmr THE REIGN OF JA~IES I. TO THE PRESENT TIME.

KESWICK CHURCH.

" A marc/wnl was there with a forked berd, Betwixen Middleburgh and Orwell. In mottclee, and highe on hors de sat, \Vel could he in cschangcs sheldes sclle: And on his bed a Flaundrish be,·er hat. This worthy man full well his wit besette; His botes claspe

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KF.SWICl\ OLD HALL,

PREFACE

TO

TI-IE TH IR D PART.

THE Gurneys of Keswick are descended from Francis Gurnay, s1xth son of Henry Gurnay, Esq. of West Barsham and Great Ellingham, by Ellen 13lennerhasset, his ·wife. (See page 467, a]so page 582. App. XCVIII.) The circumstances of the latter generations of the West Barsham Gur­ neys were contracted, and they threw off their younger branches into Norwich and elsewhere. This Henry Gurnay especially had a family of twelve children, and was certainly not a man of ample means. Francis Gurnay, his sixth son, was a merchant in London, and was living in the parish of St. Benet Finck, in the city, in the middle of the l 7th century.a He married Ann, daughter of William Browning, mer­ chant of Norwich, and afterwards of Malden, by whom he had several children : of whom Francis, his second son, was of :Malden, in Essex, and married Ann, daughter of Jeremy Browning, of that place,b probably his cousin. vVe have been unable to discover the wills of either of these Francis Gurnays, at any of the offices where they could have been proved. The fact seems to be, that like many others sprung from the younger branches of gentlemen's families they were in straitened circumstances, (App. XCIX.) and had no property to bequeath; and the troubled period in which they lived would doubtless contribute to this. Francis Gurnay of London was in great difficulties in the year 1625, when, by the accounts remaining at

" Heralds' Visit. 1634. Parish Reg. St. Benet Finck. t, Heralds' Visit. 1664. Parish Heg. St. l\Iary, Malden. * 504 PREFACE TO THE THIRD PART.

Hunstanton Hall in Norfolk, Sir Hamon Lestrange was obliged to pay ::; bond of I OOl. he had contracted, to the corporation of Lynn, on his behalf. Tliis commercial failure of Francis Gurnay arose from his having attempted to establish a manufacture at Lynn, in the desecrated building of St. James's church there. Sir Henry Spelman, in his History of Sacrilege, page 184, gives an account of this enterprise, and I have obtained extracts from the documents of the Lynn corporation, which will explain it still further. (App. LXXXVll.) Francis Gurnay of l\falclen (his second son) had several children ; of whom the eldest was John Gurnay, born in 1655; a he was bound appren­ tice to one Da.-' 1 Gilman, of Norwich, citizen and cordwainer.b He after­ wards entered into the silk trade, residing in St. Gregory's parish; and partly through the assistance of his wife, Elizabeth Swanton, a woman possessed of extraordinary talent for commercial affairs, realised a con­ siderable fortune, and laid the foundation of the commercial wealth of the present family of the Gurneys, of whom he may· be said to have been as it ,vere the foundJr, Herein therefore rests the peculiarity of the tale told in our Record. A Norman pirate accompanies Rollo to the coasts of Neustria-becomes the founder of a race of barons in the ceded Normandy, one of whom follows Duke vVilHam into England, and obtains possessions there, chiefly in the county of Norfolk. On the loss of Normandy by King John, these barons refuge themselves in England. Sprung from them, in a junior branch, arises a line of country gentlemen, existing in Norfolk for five centuries ; and from these last, through a younger son, descends a commercial family, ,vhich has been such from the days of James L to the present time, and whose opulence is in the main the result of successful commercial enterprise. Thus it will be seen that the present family of the Gurneys no longer possesses an acre of their ancient territories; but, nevertheless, by a strange fatality, has continued almost uninterruptedly, from the period of the Con­ quest, or at all events of ·wmiam Rufus, in the county of Norfolk.

" Register St. :Mary, Malden. b Norwich Corporation Books. THE CITIZEN OR BURGESS. 505

The history of the Gurneys of Keswick is therefore that of a family of citizens engaged in commerce. Mr. Nohle, in his History of the College of Arms (page 25), observes, that in the reign of Henry VI. '' persons were sent round through many of the counties of England to collect the names of the gentry in each: these lists of names have reached our time. It is observable that many are mentioned in them who had stooped to the meanest trades, yet still were accounted gentry. We must suppose that they were the offspring of younger branches, whose fortunes were unequal to support them in a higher situation. It is evident that at this time trade, though it might depress, did not destroy gentility." These remarks apply forcibly to the subject now before us. The inhabitants of our towns, it is well known, were highly favoured by some of our early monarchs, as they required their assistance in so many ways, and principally as a counterpoise to the power of the feudal barons, which became intolerable after the undisputed settlement of the N orrnan dynasty. King John and Henry III. granted numerous charters of privileges to towns in England. Edward III., who was undoubtedly amongst the greatest monarchs which have sat on the English throne, having married a princess of Hainhault, bordering on the Low Countries, witnessed the advantages which had accrued to that portion of Europe from its com­ mercial superiority; and, sagaciously perceivi11g that his own kingdom of England was by nature peculiarly adapted for an emporium of commerce, favoured the inhabitants of towns, established manufactures, and promoted trade. Edward IV., ha;-ing been much indebted to the citizens of London in his struggle for the crown, in consequence enlarged their privileges. And as we approach the enlightening period of the Reformation, and the centuries which follow it, we detect more and more the increasing in­ fluence and wealth of the citizens of England ; and, in truth, they may be considered to form the great item in the power of tbe British empire itself, and one main cause of the gradual formation of our mixed political constitution. The privilege of being a citizen or burgess is, perhaps, even of Roman origin; it was confirmed by the royal charters of our early kings: it was 50G PREFACE TO THE THIRD PART.

hereditary, and the right of carrying on trades was almost, if not exclu­ sively, theirs. They formed themselves into gilds or commercial com­ panies, which increased their security by something like a system of mutual assurance; and introduced, moreover, a religious character into these fraternities, which were generally under the invocation of some dis­ tinguished saint. In France, the families which had obtained the rank of bourgeoisie were as distinct from the other inhabitants of towns as the noblesse themselves.a Happily in England these lines of demarkation were never so broad and determined. The city of Norwich was, from a very early period, distinguished as one of the principal in England. It appears probable that it was the Venta Icenorum of the Romans, and that the castle at Norwich, called by the Normans Blanchefleur, was built upon the site of the Roman, or perhaps British, fortification. The Romai:i camp at Caistor, on the other side of the then estuary, was an auxiliary camp to this metropolis of the Iceni. According to Dornesday, the city contained in the time of Edward the Confessor, 1,320 burgesses; their numbers were reduced to 665 burgesses, besides 480 bordarii, when the survey was made. This diminution resulted "partim propter forisfacturas Rogerii Comitis, partim propter arsuram, partim propter geltum Regis, partim propter W alerannum." The dispersed citizens fled to Beccles and elsewhere, as appears by the same authority. After the Conquest, the earliest royal charter granted to the city of Norwich was by Henry II. and this was followed up by Richard I., Henry III., and subsequent sovereigns. The earls of Norfolk were apparently the feudal lords of the castle of Norwich, which was however made the public gaol of the county in 1352, and the Dukes of Norfolk con­ tinued to possess great influence in the city at a later period. The Duke of Norfolk and his son, the Earl of Surrey, had each a palace in the city,

a The privilege of bourgeoisie in France was so highly considered, that, if a bourgeois married a woman not bourgeoise, this woman, on the death of her husband, lost the rights of bourgeoisie. Strangers and men" de condition serve," who had been enfranchised, acquired the privilege of bourgeoisie by paying a sum of money ; the same privilege was given in recompence of public service. In all cases the bourgeois must necessarily have been "sain et legitime." Histoire ,l' Abbeville, par Louandre. ,·,, '--..___/i"i'' ✓::_:J;: ;,':,; :::,:J~:1.:.' ,',, /

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THE GURNEYS AT NORWICH. 507 where they maintained a princely court, surrounded by their council and officers of state. vVe must, therefore, picture to ourselves the ancient condition of the city: defended by a strong wall, including within it a large and wealthy manufacturing population, many of these being foreigners from the Low Countries, and at a later period from France; the city, moreover, abounding with the town houses of the Norfolk gentry, many of whom passed the winter months there. Of these a large number still re­ main, and the sites of others are now occupied by modern houses, to which are attached spacious gardens, which abound in Norwich in a very unusual degree. Another leading feature in the ancient state of the city was the cathedral, with the bishop's palace, and the numerous churches and con­ ventual buildings. The precincts of the cathedral, now called the Close, contained not only the metropolitan church and episcopal residence, but the priory, founded at the same time with the cathedral, by Herbert de Losinga, in the reign of William Rufus. These precincts were inclosed by a strong wall and gates of great architectural beauty, still remaining. These defences were essential, for the feuds between the ecclesiastics and citizens were frequent, and sometimes were carried to great lengths. I have before stated (page 359) the early connexion of the family of the Gurneys with the city of Norwich. Blomefield mentions (vol. iv. p. 3) that the arms of Gourney were formerly visible amongst those of the families who had contributed to the building of the cathedral. Edmund Gurney held an office similar to recorder of Norwich in the reign of Edward III. Henry Gurney, of Norwich, died intestate in 1443. Thomas Gurney, of vVest Barsham and of St. Gregory's parish, Norwich, mentions his house and land in the city in his will, dated l 471. William Gurney, of vVest Barsham, had a house in Pockthorpe, a suburb of Norwich, in 1508; and Anthony Gurney, in the reign of Henry VIII. inhabited Gurney's Place, in St. Julian's parish, which appears to have been the town house of the Gurneys of vVest Barsham for some generations. Dorothy Gurney, sister of Edward Gurney of West Barsham, was of the parish of St. George's Tombland in 1641 ; and Thomas Gurney buried his wife in the cathedral before 1660 (see pp. 476 and 477). Lastly, John Gurnev, ancestor of the present family, was of St. Gregory's parish in 1690. 508 PREFACE TO THE THIRD PART,

To revert, however, from this digression to the Gurneys of Keswick. Francis Gurnay, the merchant in London, spelt his name Gurnay, whilst his son Francis, of Malden, wrote his, Gournay, as is shown by their signatures to the account of their respective families in the Heralds' Visi­ tations of I 634 and 1664, and by the entries in the parish registers of St. Benet Finck, in London, and St. Mary's, Malden. John Gournay, or Gurney, of Norwich, appears by the registers of the Society of Friends at Norwich to have originally written his name Gourney, and some of his children were registered with that spelling ; but latterly he wrote the name Gurney, as his descendants have ever since done. He embraced the tenets of the Quakers, and the earliest mention of him amongst the records of that religious body is in 1678. He was afterwards, together with many others, imprisoned in the city gaol at Norwich for his religious opinions. At that period the Society of Friends had, with various other sects, gained ground in Norfolk. A spirit of religious inquiry early evinced itself in Norwich and the county of Norfolk. The new service-book, or English Liturgy, published by authority of Edward VI., was received there with great disapprobation. In l 562 Mr. Roberts, proctor of the Norwich clergy, voted in convoca­ tion for a reform of the liturgy. A considerable number of the exiles who fled from religious persecution abroad took refuge and established them­ selves in that city, and founded various sects of Dissenters, particularly about the period of the wars of the Palatinate, and of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. The choir of the Friars Preachers' Church was assigned to the Dutch and German Protestants, and the church of St. 1Iary in Tombland to the French: these. still exist under the name of the Dutch and French Churches, although the congregations have merged into the various dissenting sects with which Norwich abounds. Parkhurst, bishop of the diocese, was himself favourable to the sup­ pression of episcopacy, and mitigated the persecutions against the Puritans which were attempted by Archbishop Parker and Queen Elizabeth about the year 1570 ;a notwithstanding, three Dutch ministers were banished from Norwich in 1574,b and many others suspended.c

a Neal's History of the Puritans, chap. 5. u Ibid. vol. ,. p. 17 8. c Strype's Annals. PURITANICAL TENDENCY. 509

This puritanical feeling, which prevailed to a much greater extent in the beginning of the 17th century, very strongly influenced some mem­ bers of the family at \Vest Barsham, as has already been shown in a former division of this Record. Ancl I gather from the will of Henry Gnnwy, Esq. I. who died in 1623, that this tendency in his children was viewed by him with great jealousy, as he bequeathed the reversion of 2001. to his younger sons, "so that none houlcl any fantasticall or erronious opinions so adjudged by our Bishop or civill lawes." Of these younger sons, however, some were inclined to favour the Nonconformists, espe­ dally Edmund Gurney, Rector of Edgefield ancl Harpley, who had a

a Sir John Rodes, Bart. of Barlborough, became a convert to the religious opinions of the Society of Friends from the preaching of \Villiam Penn and Robert Barclay, the apologist of the Quakers; he and Lady Rodes always attended the Quakers' meetings; she appeared on those occasions richly dressed in black velvet. The estates of the Hodes family devolved to the Ileathcotcs upon the death of Sir John in 17 43. l\Iartha Heathcote, of this family, ma1 rietl Benjamin Bartlett, Esq. of Bradford, whose sister was wife of Ilenry Gurney, of }; om ich, and mother of the late Bartlett Gurney, Esq. of Coleshall, in Norfolk, who died in 1803, s. p. 3x 510 PREFACE TO THE THIRD PART. married, were also nearly related to Oliver Cromwell, whose daughter, Bridget Cromwell, was wife of the Parliamentary General, Ireton, and by him was mother of Bridget Ireton, who married a Bendysh. 0 The Gurneys who were established at Malden probably fell under the religious influence of Mr. Gibson, who lived in that place, ,, a very learned, powerful, and godly minister," b and they were at no great distance from the family of Bendysh, who were seated at Bower Hall, near Haverhill. Quakerism was one among the many forms that this same spirit of Puritanism assumed. It arose after the division began between the more regular Puritans and the Independents; and the sect was self-styled "The Society of Friends." Some of the Branthwaites, Davys, and Longs of Dunston and Swains­ thorpe, all connections of the ·west Barsham Gurneys, were among the early co1werts to the Quakers in Norfolk.c At Great Ellingham, where the Gurneys resided for two or three generations, were several families of this persuasion.a George Fox, the founder of the sect, states, in his journal, that he "had a meeting at the house of Captain Lawrence, at Wrampling­ ham, in Norfolk, where were above a thousand people; many persons of note were there, and a great convincement there was."e The numbers of this sect were at first much greater than they are now. The early Quakers underwent cruel persecutions and imprisonments, as

• Suckling's History of Suffolk, vol. i. p. 379. Mrs. Bridget I3endysh here mentioned was a woman of extraordinary qualities both of mind and person, and in both greatly resembled her grandfather Oliver. She was a person of great dignity, heroic courage, an·d indefatigable industry; her religion was in the highest strain of Calvinistic enthusiasm, and Dr. Owen, in his writings, was her spiritual guide. She was a thorough Puritan, and favoured all Nonconformists; her negligence of dress was generally great, but when in her best attire she wore silk of the rirhest sort of what is called Quakers' colour, and a black silk hood or scarf; this was the dress of the Quaker ladies at that period. Mrs. Dendysh lived at South Town, near Yarmouth. This eccentric lady died in I 727, and was cotemporary with John Gurney of Norwich, to whom she must have been well known. See Noble"s House of Cromwell, vol. ii. p. 329. Sir Simonds Dewes' Autobiography, vol. i. p. 114.

c Quakers' Hegisters, Norwich. '1 Meeting Dooks of the Society of Friends in Norwich. e George Fox's Journal, fol. edit. p. 153. QUAKERISM. 51 I well during the Commonwealth as after the Restoration, and in 1683-4 there were no less than 1,460 confined in the different gaols throughout the kingLittle Barningham, and else­ where.b Other members of the family, as they acquired wealth, purchased estates. The original property at Keswick was bought by Joseph Gurney,

a Sewell' s IIistory of tlic Quakers, vol. ii. p. 415. 1 ' Blomeficld, in Little Darningham. 512 PREFACE TO THE THIRD PART. second son of John Gurney, senior, about the year li47, and has since remained in the possession of his descendants. These descendants are now the elder branch of the present family of the Gurneys. I have therefore designated the third division of this Record the account of "the Gurneys of Keswick." Hence it will appear that the present family of the Gurneys are not in possession of any of the ancient landed property of their ancestors at \Vest Barsham and elsewhere ; all these estates having devoh·ecl to coheiresses on the death of Henry Gurney, Esq., II. of West Barsham, without children, in 1660. The present family coming off from the parent stem at an earlier period, and descending from a younger son, who was a merchant, their wealth has originated from commerce, and their landed estates for the most part have been purchased or acquired by marriage within the last hundred and fifty years. Like many of the families of Norfolk, the G_urneys were more or less connected with what is called the Norwich trade. The woollen manufacture existed at Norwich as early as the reign of Henry II. as appears by the fines paid to King John by that and other towns, "that they might buy and sell dyed cloth as they were accustomed to do in the time of King Henry IL" In consequence of the civil wars of King John and Henry III. and the disturbed period of the reigns of Edward I. and Edward II. this manufacture was wholly lost.a The making of worsted stuffs, so long the staple trade of that city, arose at the beginning of the 14th century; and may be attributed to the supe­ rior quality of the English wool, offering an inducement to the Flemish manufacturers to establish themselves in this country; a considerable body of whom came and settled there at the period of the friendly inter­ course between England and the Netherlands that followed the marriage of Eclvrnrd III. with Philippa of Hainault_L That Queen interested herself greatly in this matter, and may be said to have established the Norwich woollen manufacture/ or at all events to

" Lord Lyttelton's Life of Henry II. vol. ii. p. 17 4. l\Iadox's History of the Exchequer, ch. 13, p. 354. ti Blomeficld, vol. iii. pp. 83 and 84.

c Miss Strickland's Queens of England, art. Philippa of Hainault. THE :MANUFACTURES OF NORWICH. 513

haYe materially improved it. She paid frequent visits to Norwich, for the purpose of encouraging" it, and induced one John Kempe, a native of Flanders, and an eminent manufacturer, to settle there; and he brought with him the industry and skill for which the inhabitants of the Low Countries were then so celebrated. The soil of Norfolk being light, and the country for the most part consisting of sheep-walk, afforded, as it would seem, the best wool to be obtained at that period; and it was on that account that Philippa selected this part of England to which her countrymen might transport their native manufacture. They were principally seated at vVorste

a St. Blase, the Bishop of Sebaste in Armenia, was the patron saint of the Norwich woo] .. combers, either from these manufactures having originated in the East or from the combs with which he was tormented in martyrdom: his festival was kept by them, :rnd his figure with a weaver•~ shuttle carried in procession; this continued until within a few years. Butler's Lives of the Saints, vol. i. p. HJ0.

1J :\Iacphcrson's Annals of Commerce, vol. i. p. 500.

c :\fagna Britannia, vol. iii. p. 320. The trade in wool began to be very important at this period, and was undertaken occasionally by men of high station. See the curious deed of John Lorri Beauchamp of Hache, in the Fourth Part of this Hecord, in which he styles himself " mcrcator de comitatu Somerset," and by which he purchases for two thousand pounds sterling Sir l\Ialthew de Gournay's wool. a Macpherson's Annals of Commerce, vol. ii. p. 145, 514 PREFACE TO THE THIRD PART.

Palatinate wars, and by the French who took refuge there on the revoca­ tion of the edict of Nantes, in 1685. Latterly the manufacturers in this city imported their worsted yarn from Ireland, which was spun from the wool previously sent ; this, however, gradually ceased on the discovery of spinning by machinery, when yarn mills were erected in Yorkshire. Another branch of manufacture carried on at Norwich was silk and worsted damask, and silks with large flowered ornaments, probably introduced by the French settlers; they were chiefly exported to Holland; between ,vhich country and Norwich a considerable trade was carried on, so much so that all the principal merchants and manufacturers received their com­ mercial education at Amsterdam or Rotterdam ; this was till within the last half century the case with most of the Gurneys of Norwich. The Dutch trade as it was called then began to flag, in consequence of the continental system that followed the French Revolution. Similar manufactures being established in Holland, this trade has now wholly ceased. John Gurney, who settled in Norwich about the year 1670, was eventually an eminent silk merchant. He purchased a property in St. Augustine's parish, in Norwich, of Sir Thomas Loom be, whose brother, disguised as a workman, had at the peril of his life entered the silk mills in Piedmont, and obtained a perfect knowledge of the machinery for making thrown or Organzine silks.a According to the model made from this discovery, Sir Thomas erected his silk mills near Derby, which pro~ ducecl him a great fortune. Henry Loombe, the younger son of a gentleman's family in Norfolk, was father of Sir Thomas Loombe, and cotemporary with John Gurney, and, like him, a member of the Society of Friends. Elizabeth Swanton, wife of John Gurney, from her singular talent for commerce, was the principal conductor of his affairs, which chiefly con­ sisted in transactions with the Palatines and French refugees in Norwich. The Gurneys had long an intimate connection with Holland, the principal mart for Norwich goods. The Hopes of Amsterdam, ancestors of the

• Gentleman's Magazine, anno 1739. ORIGIN OF BANKING. well known family of that name, were Quakers, and amongst others much connected with them, both by marriage and in commerce. After the comparative decline of the Norwich trade, the Gurneys directed their attention t9 banking in a greater degree than before. It is difficult to trace the origin of what we now denominate banking or money agency ; and yet it is impossible to suppose any country of com­ mercial eminence existing without the medium of bankers, for the pay­ ment of moneys and the transfer of credit. The parable of the Talents proves the fact of money-dealers in Judea taking money on interest or deposit at the time of our Saviour.a The Carthaginians, who were the most enterprising and scientific people in commercial matters before that period, had a circulation of leather money, which was of course upon the credit of the state.b At a much later period Marco Polo states that in his time (about 1294) tlie Chinese money was not of metal but made of the bark of the mulberry tree, cut in round pieces, and stamped with the Khan's mark : and the cowries of India are in some sort a similar kind of circulating medium. Among the Greeks the system of banking pursued by them does not much transpire; it was one of the laws of Athens that a "banker should demand no more interest than he agreed to at first."c This lav,r proves the existence of bankers, who received and lent money, which probably would lead to the idea of their being the medium of commercial transactions; but this was limited by an unwise policy, as another law of Athens prohibited any Athenian or sojourner to lend money to be exported, unless for corn or some such commodity allowable by law.ct One Pasion, an eminent banker at Athens, is mentioned by Demosthenes as lending money without bond or security! Among the Romans there were two kinds of bankers, the mensarij and the argentarii. The mensarii were magistrates appointed by the state, being

a Gospel of St. Matthew, chap. 25. " l\facpherson's Annals of Commerce.

c Lysias, Ch-at. I. in Thcornncstnm. Potter's Grecian Antiquities, vol. i. p. 183.

c1 Jlii(l. p. 18-1. e Dcmosth. c, Timotli. 14. 516 PREFACE TO THE THIRD PART. a kind of public bankers; they were generally quinqueviri or triumviri they in common with the private bankers had their banks (mens;:e) in t1i, forum, and in the name of the rerarium offered ready money to debtor­ who could gire security. Such an expediency was devised by the stat1 only in periods of great distress. (Propter penuriam argenti triumviri mensarii facti. Liv. xxiii. 21.) The mensarii were first appointecl in the year :352 n. c., when the plebeians were so involved in debt that they wer(' obliged to borrow money to pay their creditors. Such bankers were appointed at Rome at various times, and whenever the necessities of the state required; they may be considered, however, more in the nature of loan commissioners than regular bankers; neither do they appear to have borne any resemblance to a state bank. They were established occasionally not only in Rome itself, but in the towns of the different provinces. The mcnsubrii, however, or nummu1arii, were permanently employed by the state for the purpose of receiving deposits o"f money, and for exchange of foreign coin. The argentarii differed wholly from the mensarii ; they were private hankers, who did all sorts of broking, commission, and agency business for their customers. They are called argentarii, argentere mensre exercitores, argenti distractores, negociatores stipis argentarere. Their private cha­ racter is clear from what Ulpian says, (Dig. 18. lib. 1. s. 32.) "Tabernre (argentarire) publicre sunt, quorum usus ad privatos pertinet." Almost all money transactions were carried on through their intervention, and they kept the account books of their customers. Hence all terms of the relation bet,veen debtor and creditor were borrowed from banking busi­ ness ; thus, rationem accepti scribere, "to put down on the debtor's side in the banker's book," means '' to borrow money;" rescribere, "to pay it hack again ; " nomen, "an item in the account," is a " debt," or even a "(1ebtor ;" as when Cicero says, (ad Fam. v. 6.) Ego meis rebus gestis hoc sum assecutus ut bonum nomen existimer. These books of account have given rise to the Italian book-keeping by double entry. The functions of the argentarii, besides their original occupation of money-changing, were- l st. Attending public sales as agents or pur­ chasers. 2. Assaying or proving money. 3. Receiving deposits, or keep- ROMAN AND ITALIAN BANKERS. 517 mg a bank in the modern sense of the word. If the deposit was not to bear interest, it was called depositum or vacua pecunia, (Plautus, Curcul. ii. 3, GG,) if it was to bear interest, it was called creditum (Suet. Octav. 39). The shops of the bankers were in the cloisters round the forum; hence money borrowed of a banker was called res circumforaneum, and the phrases, foro cedere and foro abire or mergi, mean to become bankrupt. The argentarii at Rome were divided into partnerships or corporations, (societates,) and formed a collegium or company. The argentarius was necessarily a freeman. (See Dr. Smith's Greek and Roman Antiquities, articles :'.\Iensarius, Argentarius, Interest of Money, &c.) In modern Europe, the Italians, leading the way in the career of ciYilization, were the first to commence a system of banking. The Jews of Lombardy kept benches in the market pla'ces, for the exchange of money and commercial bills; "banco" being the Italian for bench, the word originated from that circumstance. The bank of Venice is unquestionably the most ancient institution of that sort in the world ; it was established in the year 1171, upon the occasion of a forced loan, arising from the necessities of the republic, in consequence of its wars with the Greek Emperor ?\Ianuel. The creditors in this case were made proprietors of what we should call Bank Stock. The example of Venice was soon followed by other Mediterranean ports, as Barcelona, Genoa, &c. The Jews were engaged in lending money at interest, and had licences for \vhat was considered usury, which were refused to the Christian merchants as heretical ; nevertheless, the different states partook of the profits of these licences. The Italian bankers were agents for the collection of the papal dues all over Europe; they had, in consequence, great influence, and were the agents for the loans to sovereign princes. The Frescobaldi, the Barcli, and the Peruzzi of Florence were the great bankers in the reigns of our first three Edwards. The two latter became bankrupt, from the non­ payment of his loans by Edward III., previous to his victories in Fran.ce. The Frescobaldi obtained great wealth, originally, it appears, in partner­ ship with the Barcli. They were called, " La Compagnie de Sire Barde 3 y 518 PREFACE TO THE THIRD PART.

Frescobald de Florenze, Neire." "La Compagnie de Sire Jon de Fresco­ bald de Florence, Blaunk,"-black and white, from the political partie~ so called.• The Frescobaldi, however, were far outstripped by another Florentine family at a later period. The :Medici at Florence owed a large portion of their riches to the banks they established in all the trading cities of Europe.b At a time when· the rate of interest depended on the necessities of the borrower, a great profit must have accrued from these establishments, to which the most powerful monarchs frequently resorted for pecuniary assistance. The rise of the munificent and talented family of the Medici to the rank of sovereign princes, from that of Florentine bankers, is a remarkable and interesting circumstance in the history of commerce. Another instance of the extraordinary rise of a commercial family is that of the Fuggers of Augsburgh and Antwerp. The emperor Charles V. had on various occasions borrowed largely of one of this family, who, it is recorded, gave an entertainment to his Imperial Majesty, and, in order to do honour to his guest, made a fire of cinnamon in his hall, and lighted it with the bonds given by Charles in security of the debt.c This family are now princes of the empire. The united provinces of Holland, having emancipated themselves from Spain, resumed the mercantile pursuits for which their ancestors had been distinguished. As a consequence, the bank of Amsterdam was set on foot in 1609, which was for upwards of a century considered the best institution of its kind in existence. Those of Hamburg and Nuremburg soon followed, upon much the same system, which was that of a transfer of credits, by circulating notes or checks. In England the aurifabri or goldsmiths, mentioned in Domesday Book, may be considered the first bankers on record. Of these there are several; one of them, Rainba]dus Aurifaber, held the manor of Heringby,

a Archreologia, vol. xxviii. p. 207. Extracts from the liberate rolls as to loans to Kings of England by Italian merchants. t, Roscoe's Life of Lorenzo de' Medici, vol. i. p. 184.

c Edinburgh Hevicw, July 1830, p. 423. LOMBARDS IN LONDON. 519 in Norfolk. Another, Otho Aurifaber, was a large owner of manors. 1\1. Thierry, in his history,"- thinks he was the banker of the Conquest, and had advanced money to vYilliam the Conqueror, an

• Histoire de la Conquete d' Angleterre par Jes Normands, vol. ii. p. 320. h ::\facpherson's Annals of Commerce, vol. i. p. 367. 520 PREFACE TO THE THIRD PART.

I must not omit to mention here that prince of English merchants, Sir Thomas Gresham, himself a native of Norfolk, and the principal money agent to the government of the great Elizabeth. The well-known George Heriot, in the reign of James I., goldsmith and banker to that monarch, has been immortalised by Sir "\Valter Scott in the Fortunes of Nigel, and will be remembered as the generous and benevolent founder of Heriot's Hospital at Edinburgh. In the year JG,15 Charles I., having seized the sums deposited at the l\Iint, which had become a sort of public bank, the goldsmiths were for a time the only deposit bankers; and upon the Restoration lent large sums to Charles II. on the security of the revenue, at an exorbitant interest, the repayment of which was cancelled by the fraudulent measure of shutting up the Exchequer in 1672, This caused the failure of many of the goldsmiths, and through them, it is said, injured or ruined 10,000 families. The amount of money of which the bankers were on this occa­ sion defrrmded was £1,328,526, an enormous sum at that period. The expenses of the wars which followed the Revolution in 1688 led to the regular introduction of the funding system; and, as a consequence, the Bank of England was established in 1 G!H, chiefly under the advice of ffl vVilliam Patjerson, an eminent merchant. The~ Bank of Scotland followed the next year ; and in process of time, from the increase of the national debt, of the revenue, and of the commercial wealth of the country, hanking acquired great importance, and moulded itself into a system which had become essential to the community. Scotland led the way in country banking. Many joint-stock companies were set on foot there, which could not be done in England, owing to the act which prohibited banking partnerships of more than six persons. In England, banking in the country was carried on by the principal merchants in the towns. Abel Smith, of Nottingham, father of the late Lord Carrington, was the first regular country banker in England. At Norwich the Gurneys had long before this time been essentially bankers there, lending, receiving, drawing drafts on London, and as mer­ chants carrying on all banking tranrnctions. THE GURNEYS BANKERS. 521

It is a singular fact that I find Francis Gurney, the patriarch of the present family of the Gurneys, and the cadet of the "\Vest Bassham race, from whom they descend, acting as banker to the Lestranges of Norfolk in the reign of. James I., as appears by the accounts of Sir Hamon Lestrange, now existing at H unstanton Hall ; and I cnnnot doubt that he stood in the same relation to various other families and individuals. '\Vil liam Browning, his father-in-law, originally a merchant at Norwich, though apparently afterwards of l\falden, in Essex, was his agent in the country, he himself residing in London as a merchant and banker. His grandson, John Gourney, or Gurney, of Norwich, continued this same kind of money agency or banking. In l 71G, Elizabeth Gurney (Swanton), his wife, in a letter to her hus­ band in London, states her having drawn a bill on Jo_hn Eccleston, for John Paynter. Mr. Arderon, a celebrated natural philosopher, living at Norwich, in his MSS.a mentions the same sort of banking transaction at a later period. Thus, "1744, April 20, sent a bill to Mr. Mann for 12l. 5s., to be paid in 3 days, drawn by Mr. Gurney." Again, "7bre 27, sent a letter to Mr. John Cuff, of Fleet Street, London, in which was in closed a bill payable to him at sight, drawn upon Mr. Haywood by Mr. Gurney of Norwich for 51. 13s." John and Henry Gurney, sons of John Gurney junior, and grandsons of the John Gurney who first settled in Norwich, opened a regular bank at their house in St. Augustine's parish in 1770. This was afterwards removed to its present site, and was eventually carried on by the descendants of Joseph Gurney of Keswick, second son of the first John Gurney of Norwich, who continued the business thus established by their family, and which has spread throughout a large district of the eastern side of England. I have entered thus fully into these subjects, conceiving them to be so intimately connected with the commercial history of the family of Gurney as to be almost inseparable from it, The authorities from which I have taken the accounts of the Gurneys of Keswick are parish registers, the

• Penes the fate Mr. Woodward of Norwich. 522 PF.1tFACE ·TO THE THIRJJ I'ART. books belonging to the Society of Friends at :Norwich, family papers of various kinds, and lastly memoranda take-n from the ret~ollections of etderly members of the family still living. ~ -- The arms borne by the present family of the Gur- r ne_vs are precisely those of the Gurneys of \,Vest

fu__ ,L,L Barsbmn; the cir1c1uefoil azure ;vhich Fra11cis Gurney of Loudon bore in his ~hield. ,vas continued until within the last fifty ye~rs> but fo now no longer used. PEDIGREE OF THE DESCENDANTS OF FRANCIS GlJRi\EY: OF LO};DO~.

ANNE, d::iu. of \Yilliam Hrowning,=,:::FRANCIS GouRNXY, m(•rclnnt, ofthf' p:iri~h ofSt. Benf't Fint'k, London, 1GHI to Hi3'i', ~ixtb son of'Jfrmy Gurney, Esq. , m(•n:h;rnt, of :-rorwich. I of Grc::i.t Elling1,am arnl -\\'c,;t H:trcliarn. Sec NePmHi 1\,rt uf this Hpt•urr1, pages ,15f; :tll(L ,i131.

'f lJ O!iL\S, :id .Jol!N, d. DOROTJI\·, l,orn ] GJ 9. A.'.'>NE. HoGEJt GDHXAY, A:-.:-,, d:m. of .JcrP111y1 FR,\XCIS GcnXAY, of ,\bl,lon, Es;,-;ex, mcrclia.nt, F1tANCEs, l,orn anu llicu L11c1rnTrA, horn 1 G30. ddest son, ljoTn B;'.'~·11i11g, of J\1;1\don, I /;(':O_Il'.l sun, l,orn 1,1!:_)~ ( lfrg .. ~t. Denet Fi1wk) ; ~un, 1,on, single, lti,rn, J\lARGARET, lwrn ] U:3i. 1621. l (J,3 i. ba1hf! ul M:i!dor1 1 hid :iml ll1ti1. H,:Hl. 1 u:-il.

JA:--E. ELlZAHETHTJonN GotrJt>-"VY, ur G-rn.;q;y, of Rt. Grcgmfs p:,risli, l'\urwieh, 1,orn at FJ,.\:',('J:,;, horn 1(i;,';, THO:IIAS1 hurn ] GG~. Fiu:,;c1s, Lorn 1GG5, J\XN, 8WANros, ISt. l\lary's, :\1alt1on, 7 Orr. 16Gfi, 11:,p. 00 Oet.; hc•t•ame a member of i1ic,1 1 d:ic. CH.\RLT-:S. 1,orn lGG:2, (liei1 1 /J66. burn mar. 1GS7. the Sol'ii'ty uf Friends Lefore 1G7S; wa.s a niereku1t of ?\orwich ; G1mru;1:, horn J 0;":,ti,

Tlieir de~ccndnnts l,ecame extinct in CHRISTIANA BARCLA Y,=J OSJ-:l'H SARAH =j=8AMUf:L ELiz.u1r:rn, IffRY lt!ET ~EY,of 131:CK. Gc1t:-;EY, d:m. ,,f NF.Y, of Earlham, ,::i11t;le13:27. Huxton,Uart. ,,·i,•1-, an1l St. J:mw~·s Ifanhu- C-h1rney, "\,·il- Grn:-£Y, .TE- . North of E:1rl- J:11ncs lJpton, died l;-il4 ; Euz..tnETH, LOL'JSA, mar. S,1uarc, Lo!)(lon, horn ry, Esq. .Jnn. of liam of Tliick- :m~u. Hunc- h:un, bo. Shep- Essex, mar. EEza- mar. Joseph Ramuel 1770; i\l.l'. fur ~e\\·- of Poles, Earlham. Jary, thorn, Hxr, ton, 1789 ; m. p:ml, horn l1ctl1, 11:lu. Fry, £,;q. Hoare, Esq. town, lfant;:., ju $Cn>ral Iforts. D., nn, f Er- Kirk- died 1808, Cunning- Roht>n: lJ:m·l:ty. Esq. of in several roll. I llfide. s. p. h:1m. Ury, Kinc:tnli110,,Jtire. l'arlia- .+.. men ts. r_J 7 Eight cltildrcn, of w110m lfal'l'ic-t Alicia, Two d1ildrcn. l1crn 1!'-J'.5, ma1·. in 1.-'1:l th<> Ilon. \\'m. FrallCLc c0",,11n, ,me\ ,ttctl thr ~alll!' )Car, FRANCIS GURNA Y OF LONDON.

SIXTH son of Henry Gurney, Esquire, of Great Ellingham and West Barsham, by Ellen Blennerhasset, his wife, is the ancestor of the present family of the Gurneys. He is mentioned in his father's will, in common with his other children, and is there stated to have received his portion previous to his father's death in 1623/ See page 457. Francis Gurney was a merchant in London, and was a member of the ;\Ierchant Taylors' Company (App. C.), and resided in the parish of St. Benet Finck, in Broad Street "\Vard,0 but, I believe, his commercial life began at N onvich. From an ancient account-book at Hunstanton Hall, it appears that Francis Gurney was a sort of agent, or banker, for the Lestranges of that place; and that Mr. Browning, of Norwich, wa~ connected with him in this,-whom I believe to have been his father-in-law. \Ve have here, therefore, undoubted proof of one of the family of Gur­ ney acting as a banker as early as the reign of James I. (App. LXXXY.) In the Heralds' Visitation of the city of London for 16:13 e is an account of him and his children, attested by himself, as follows:-

" Au1rs: Argent, a cross engrailed gules, in the first quarter n. cinquefoil nm,•.

ANTIIOXY GURNAY, of Great Hollingham,. in_____ com. Norff.:::;=.J ....

______FRA:..c1s GuRXAY, in com. N urff.:::;:::,J •...

HESRY GURXAY.:;=Enrn, clau. of - Blennerhasset. 7 Tuo~!As Gurrs.n, En,ru:m. FRANCIS GVRSAY, of Lon-:;=As:rn, 1hu. of \\'il- el,lest sonne and ASl'JIOSY.

Roar;rt Gi::rtsAr, eldest sonne F1usc1s Douonrr. LucuETJA, and l1eire, living a'o lG:33. Gun~AJ'.. A:-.NE,

"The above is a true copy of the entry in the Visitation of London madt> · in the year 1633, and now remaining in the College of Arms, London. " CHAS, GEO. y OUNG, "College ef Arms, 4th II-lag, 1831." York Herald and Register.''

a Reg. Lawson, fol. L5la, Bisbop's office, Norwich. b Parish Reg. St. Benet Finck. 0 Heralds' Visit. 1633. London, Broad Street \Vard. A.D. 1619.] HIS CHILDREN. 525

He married Anne, daughter of William Browning, of Norwich, mer­ chant, (App. LXXXVI.) afterwards of Maldon, in Essex, and had issue, by the Register of St. Benet Finck/- " Anno Domini 1619 "The 2d of March ,vas bap. the daughter of Francis Gurney, and Ann his wife, named Dorothy.

" 1621. " The 27th Decem. was bap. the sone of Francis Gurney, and Ann his wife, named Roger. "Anno Dom. 1626. "The 18th of January was baptysed the dauter of Francis Gurney, and Ane his wyfe, named Frances.

0 "A • Dni 1628. "Novr. !3. Francis, the sonne of Francis and Anne Gurney.

0 "A • Dni 1630. "Octr. 28. Lucretia, the daughter of Francis and Anne Gurney.

0 "A • Di'ii 1636. Christenings. "Aprill 19. Thomas, the sonne of Francis and Anne Gurnay.

0 "A • Dni 1637. "July 28th. Margaret, the daughter of Francis and Anne Gurnay."

Of the daughters, Frances died an infant, and was buried 30th Sep­ tember of the year 1626. It seems, also, that Francis Gurnay had a son, John, who was of Maldon, and died a bachelor in 1681, when his brother Thomas administered to his effects. George Gurney, of Maldon, who married there in 1660, was probably another son. This Francis Gurnay, of St. Benet Finck, was probably the person who gave the pedigree of his family to Sir Henry Spelman. (Page 317.)

a Reg. of the parish of St. Benet Finck, in tl1e city of London. 3 z 526 FRANCIS GURNAY OF LONDON. [ PART III.

About the year I 625, he appears to have been in difficulties, as we find by the accounts of the Lestranges of Hunstanton, that Sir Hamon Lestrange paid 1 OOl. to the town of Lynn, for which he ha"'S A.D. 1637.] CHURCH OF ST. BENET FINCK. 527

that of Francis Gurnay does not appear. Neither in the list of the houses and their inhabitants, and the rate charged on each, does his name occur ; he, therefore, was not living, or he and his family had all left the parish at this time. Of the children of Francis Gurnay and Anne Browning, Francis, the second son, was of Maldon, in Essex, of whom we shall give an account hereafter. Of Roger, the eldest, we know nothing ; but by the register of St. Peter Le Poor, a neighbouring parish to St. Benet Finck, we find a John Gurney living in 1696, and a Thomas Gurney in l 729, who may possibly have been his descendants. Of Thomas, the third son of Francis Gurnay, nothing is certainly known; but we think it probable he may have been the ancestor of the 528 FRANCIS GU RNA Y OF LONDON. [PART TII. late learned Sir John Gurney, one of the Barons of the Exchequer. (App. LXXXVIII.) Of the daughters of Francis Gurnay we are also ignorant, except of their names, as given above. Cotemporary with Francis Gurnay was Sir Richard Gurney, Baronet, Lord Mayor of London, celebrated for his loyalty; but I do not find that he was of the family of tbe Gurneys of Norfolk. (App. LXXXIX.) APP. LXXXV.] LESTRANGE ACCOUNTS. 529

APPENDIX LXXXV.

E.1:tmcts fl'om a 111 S. Book ef Accounts, at Hunstanton in possession ef H. L. Styleman Lestninge, Esqui1·e, and appco·ently written by Alice ( Stubbs) wife qf Sir Hamon Les/1·ange. Anno 16] 4. £. s. d. May 4. Paid to Mr. Francis Gurney 30 0 () Deer. 7. Paid to Lock by Mr. Gurney 20 0 0 This 20[. prrid to Lock was borrowed of my father, which I payd him, and 101. more in part of 80l. borrowed of him by Mr. Strange. 1615. Jan. 1:2. Paid to J\Ir. Lock by Francis Gurney 20 0 0 Paid to Blankes, as apcareth by a London bill, which was satisfied Hogan, which Hogan never paid, therefore paid by Nfr. Gurnay 9 5 (j To Frank Gurney upon a bill for J\fr. Strange 3 0 0 Paid by Frank Gurnay to Rust, the hatter 8 0 0 June '27. Paid to Cock by Mr. Francis Gurney 50 0 0 N"on. :22. Paid to Mr. Browning, of Norwich, which :\Ir. Gurney shall pay to Lock 30 0 0 1616. Ap. 20. Paid to ::VIr. Gurney, which he paid to Lock, the taylor 30 0 0 20. Payd for bookcs at Norwich . 3 0 0 Deer. 28. Payd to Lock by Mr. Francis Gurney 50 0 0 1618. i\Iay. For a dozen of oyster barrells, and for carrying them to Mr. Gurney's . 0 G 6 For a case for the Lady Robert's picture, and for carrying it to Mr. Gurney's 0 2 2 Sept. 30. Payd to J\Ir. Francis Gurney, which he is to pay unto Lawrence Michaeli in part of 34!. l ls. due unto him for liveryes and clothes 30 0 0 Octr. Paid to Mr. Francis, Gurney to pay to Hause, the Dnchman, in full payment for 2 piramedis, besid 5s. which I paid to him myself I 5 0 !Gl9. Payd to Frank Gurney, which payd to Lawrence :'.\Iichaell, wherof he payd 37l. 10s. i11to the East India Trrrrsury, the 11th and 12th pay­ ment due at Christmas next, and the second double payment the third year, and 50s. rernaineth in Lawrence his hands, as also 12s. payd him when lie had :JOI, his bill not coming to so much 40 O O 530 FRANCIS GURNAY OF LONDON. [ PART III.

Anno More payd to Frank Gurney, to pay to Lawrence Michaell, which with the 31. 2s. above-named doth justly discharge all bills for apparrell; a payre of silk stockins of 32s. being added to this last bill so now payd him 39 17 4 1620. Septr. Payd by Mr. Gurney, which he payd to Lawrence >Iichael, for the 18 single payment due at Midsomer last, to East Indp Company 18 15 0 162 l. July G. Payd to Mr. Gurney, which he payd unto the East Indya Company, for a single payment due at Midsomer . 18 15 0 1622. Paycl by Mr. Gurney to Lawrence 1Iic11aell, to pay unto the East India Company, for our Lady 18 15 0 Payd to Lawrence Miehaell by Mr. Gurney, for the East India Com- pany, at Midsomer 18 15 0 1625. Octr. Payd to the towne of Linne, in part of 1OOl. due to them, 50l.; and for the use of the sayd 100[. from the 13 June to ~he 17 of November, 3!. lls. 8d. 53 11 8 To be payd to the towne of Linne for the use of 1001. which Mr. Strange standeth bownd to them for Mr. Gurney,* from St. Michaell last unto the 8 of Aprill, and for the use of the 50l., the remaynder ofl00l 4 12 3 1626. Payd to the towne of Lynne for Francis Gurney, beside 103[. that Sir Owen Smith payd; and Mr. Drury was bound for to have payd it at St. Michaell last, the use coming to 32l. 3s. 51 12 3

From an Account Book of Sir Hamon Lestrange, at Hnnstanton.

OWING TO HIM,

£, S, d. 1618. Fr. Gurnay-11 p. of powder att 13d. 0 11 11 4 stone of shott att 2d. the pound 0 5 4 Baggs 0 0 3 Barrell 6d,, portage 2d. 0 0 8 Scrues 0 1 0 Gallo-belgicus 0 l 0

* See App. LXXXVII. for the entry of these payments in the Lynn Corporation Books. APP. LXXXVI.] BlWWNING OF MALDON. 531

APPENDIX LXXXVI.

ON THE FAMILY OF BROWNING. To which family of Brownings the branch folk, who were Qu:ikers. There exists a deed living at .:\Ialdon belonged, we arc unable to of release from tithe, executed by Esther trace. Browning of Mildenhall, in Suffolk. She was There were Brown­ lay impropriator; but, being a member of the ings at Trnnch,in Nor­ Society of Friends, had a religious scruple folk, considerable land­ against receiving tithe, and therefore released owners in 1534 ; also the parties owing it. It seems likely these a family of that name Suffolk Brownings were the same family as that in Cambridgeshire, connected with the Gurneys, and in such case who bore for arms, John Gurney may have partly imbibed his re­ Azure, a lion rampant ligious faith from his mother's connections. or, bill ety gules. The Brownings were merchants at Maldon, That they were long established at Maldon, as appears from the following er:itry of the cor­ is evident from the following entry in the re­ poration accounts there :- gister of All Saints' church there:- " From the customs and dues of the water " 'William Drowning married to Dorothy bailiff, 1G36, 18 Octr. Vernon, 1583." " Item. Re. of Mr. Browning for the There was a family of Brownings in Suf- meatage of 120 chalder of coles.''

APPENDIX LXXXVII. E.vfracts f1·om the Hall Books of the Corpomtion of L!Jnn, 1·elative to Frnncis Gm·nay ':f' London. Congrrgacio ib'm tent. die Ve­ hundrecl pounds lent unto them for setting Lenn RC'g-is, O th GuihalZL ncris 11 die Octobr. A D'ni poore to work w in this town, and that cove­ lG:22. nants should be drawne concernynge the same; Att this day Mr. Maior brought into the hall Thomas Snelling, Maior llichard Goodwin an obligacon made to the maior and burgesses ( et aliis ). or Goodinge.* from the said Francis Gurney, Ambrose Thomp­ \Vhereas att a hall holden son, and JVlartyn Hill, Will'm Yel vert,m, Ba­ Gurney, Tomp­ the 17f daye of June last, itt son, a1ul ~fartyn ronett, and se Hamon Lestrange, Knight, in 1 Hill, cc ' lent for was agreed that Francis Gur­ ccccli. for the repayment of the said ccli, upon sctti 11g puro to wurk. ney, Ambrose Tompson, and the last daye of September, 1G25. And an Martyn Hill should have two Indenture made between the said Francis Am­ brose and Martyn, on the one part, and the * This Richar

Congregatio ib'm tent. die Lune tertio die This day is brought unto the hall by Mr. Maior, Octobris, A 0 D'ni 1625, A 0 regni Regis Pi. recd of Sr Hammond Lestrange, and 1n. recd Caroli primo. of Sr Will'm Yelverton, parcel of the said ob­ lig. of ccli. and one new oblig. from Sr Will'm ·William Doughtie, Maior Yelverton and Mr. Barnes, for paym1 of lli. at ( et aliis ). i\Iidsomer next, and one oblig' from Sir Ham­ At this day itt was ordered that yf Sr Will'm mond Lestrange and his sonne Mr Nich'as Le Yelverton, knight, baronett, should lay in Strange, for paymt of ]iiijli xij' iij'1 the 8tl1 of securitie by obligac'on to the maior and bur­ April next; which monyes and new obligs are gesses for paymt of cli, viz. lli, at the feast of this day accepted in dischardge of the two the Birth of our Lord God next, and at lli, the former obJigs to him del. feast of the Natie of St John Baptist followinge; Also iijli xj' viij'1 received from Sir Hammond that then there shall be no use taken for the for interest. first 1u. due at the said feast; or otherwise, with like securitie to pay the said cli, with use at the Congregac' ib'm tent. die Lune 10 die said feast of St John the Baptist; and yf he Aprilis, A 0 D'ni 1626. shall refuse this order, that itt is agreed that wm Doughtie, Maior this obligac' on shall be put in suit this tearme. (~t aliis ). Att this daye Mr. Maior brought into the hall Congregatio ib'm tent. die Lune vicesimo 154!. 12s. 4d., w11 was due to the Maier and octavo die Novembris, A 0 D'ni 1625, A. regni Burgesses from Sr Hamon Le Strange, Knyght, Regis Caroli primo. by his obligac'on; and the said obligac'on was William Doughtie, Maier delyvered to l\Ir. l\1aior for the said Sr Hamon. ( et aliis ). Congregacio ib'm tent. die Martis ultimo die Whereas at the last hall two obligac'ons, the Junii, A 0 D'ni 1626. one oblig" of the foresaid Sr Hammond wm Doughtie, Maier. Lestrange and Sir Will'm Yelverton, for the Also itt is to be remembred that 50[. owing paymt of ccH, and one other oblig" of Sir by Sr \Vill'm Yelverton, Baronett, for w11 he Hammond Le Strange and Franc3 Guybon,'"' and Mr. \Vill'm Bernes, Esqr., were bownd by th for payment of cli. w interest was delivered to their obligac'on to pay the same upon Midsomr :\Ir. i\Iaior, to take new securitie for the same; day last, was then paid into the hall, and the

* This seems wrongly written for Francis Gurnay. obligac'on then delyvered out. APP. LXXXVIII.] BARON GURNEY. 533

APPENDIX LXXXVIII.

ON THE GURNEYS OF BEDFORDSHIRE.

It seems likely the Gurneys of Bedfordshire and resided near Woburn, in Bedfordshire : he arc descended from Thomas, third son of eventually became a Baptist. From him in Francis Gurnay of London. Their ancestor, direct line descends the late lamented and Thomas Gurney (sprung from the Gurneys of highly esteemed Sir John Gurney, one of the Norfolk) was of the date of this third son of Barons of the Exchequer, according to the fol­ Francis. He was a disciple and personal friend lowing pedigree :- of George Fox, the founder of the Quakers,

Trro,1As GuR:;EY, near ,v oburn, in Bedfordshire.=j= .••• r------~ Jo11N (TURNEY, born 1681, living- 175~-=rHA:-IN.UI YOUNG, r 7 Tuo,1AS GuR'.'IEY, of London, bo. 1705, ob. 1770.=j=l\Lu,nu i\Lu1.soN, Other children, r JosEPH GURNEY, bo. 1743, ob. 1815.=j=REBECCA B11.0Drn. Other children. r Sir Jon:; GUR:-IEY, Knt. one of the Barons of the Exchequer.=MARIA HAWES.

APPENDIX LXXXIX.

0::-l SIR RICHARD GURNEY, BARONET, LORD MA YOH OF LONDON 1542.

Sir H ichard Gurney was not related to the Gurny, al's Gurnard, Sheriff of London, by -:Sorfolk family, as appears by the following Sir vViUm Segur, Knt. Garter Principal King entry in the Heralds' visitation of 1634. at Arms, dat. 26 Jnli, 1633, 9 Car. ll8." * "Literffi pattent's exemplified to Richard

BRYON GunNY, al's GURNARD, descended from the Gurneys of Kendall.=j=}fAGDALEN, dau, of-- Hewitt. r Euw.u, dau. of Henry Sandford, or,R1cHARD (TURNY, al's GuRNARo,=E11zA, widtlow of Mr. South, dau. of Kent, of Burchington, I.sic of Thanct. \ Esq. Sheriff of London a'o 1G34. Hichar.l Gosson, of London, goldsmith. ' 7 H1c1r.rno GUR'.'iEY, son and heir apparent, 163±. ELIZADE'fll. ANNE.

* From the Heralds' Visitation, Lond. 1634. Harl. Xo. 1-1,rj, 4 A 534 FRANCIS GURNAY OF LONDON. [ PART III.

Sir Richard Gurney was created a baronet. Coleby, a silkrnan in Chcapsidc, who dying left Ile appears to have been a stanch royalist, him his shop, worth 6,0001. and a man of great wealth, intrepidity, and in­ "2. To those happy men, that, having gained tegrity ; during his mayoralty he distinguished estates in their younger days to serve themselves, himself by these qualities, and is frequently should accomplish themselves against their riper mentioned at that time by Clarendon, in his : yearstosen-etheircountry,-inhis travels (npu11 History of the HL'))(,llion. 1 his en using un the forcsaid estate) into France Ile bore for arms, l'aly of six pieces or and Italy, where he improved himself, and (by and azure, per fess observing the trades of the respective marts as couuterchanged.el' he passed) laid the foundation of his future These arms, with traffick. his name underneath ";J. To single persons,-in his discreet marri­ them, are still arnor,g age into a family ( Mr. Sandford 's ), at that time many others in the commanding at once most of the money, and cornice round the Great by that most of the nobility, gentry, and great Hall of Christ's Hos­ tradesmen of England. pital, in London. "4. Topersonsintrust,*-in the faithful dis­ Sir llichard Gurney's son appears to have charge of a joint power he, the Earls of Dorset died under age. IIis daughter Elizabeth mar­ and Essex, were inrested with hy a charitable rieu Sir John Pettus; and Ann, Lord Richard­ person, of an l 00,000l. deep, towards the buying son, ba·rou of Cramond, and is buried in Hon­ of impropriations, to be legaly and bona fide ingharn Church, :N"orfolk. laid to the Church. The following fragment of an account of Sir "5. To magistrates,-going thro" all offices Richard Gumey is taken from a loose printed in the places he laid in, a benefactor in each sheet, apparently from some work detailing the place, particularly to his company, the cloath­ sufferings of eminent royalists during the civil workers, whereof he was warden; to the hos­ wars. pital of St. Bartholomew's, whcrof he was "The life and death of Sir Richard Gurney, warden ; and to the city, wherof he was alder­ Lord .i\Iayor of London. man, sheriff, and lord mayor; promoting the " Sir Richard Gurney, knight and baronet, loan es the king had occasion for; advancing the born April 17, 1577, at Croydon, iu Surrey, commission of array, when the kingdom's con­ was by his .i\Iajesty King Charles I. honored dition required it ; entertaining his Majesty with this title, that he might be a pattern to the ( 4,000l. deep at his own charge) when he knew whole nation for integrity and Ioyalty,-may he how much his Majesty's reputation t would gain be so to all persons of his quality in every pas­ * In most legacies for clrnritaLle uses he was rn his sage of life. time the third· person generally concerned. " 1. To young gentlemen (younger sons to -/' In his magnificent reception upon his return from considerable families) bound· prentises in Lon­ Scotland, besides that he '1Ssisted his Majesty in levying don,-in his careful and obliging service to Mr. tunnage an

FRANCIS. GURNEY, OF MALDON, IN ESSEX, ......

WAS second son of Francis Gurney, of London, merchant.a He lived in the parish of St. Mary, in the lower part of the town of Maldon, upon the banks of the Blackwater, in a house which he rented of the corporation of that borough, and was a merchant there.

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HOllSE Q},' FRAi\'CJS GURNEY AT MALDO:-;. He was one of the bailiffs of Maldon in 1664, as appears by a list of the comm uni cants in the register of St. Mary's parish ; and again in 1667 Mr. and Mrs. Gourney are in a list of communicants. There are two bailiffs elected annually at Maldon, and eight aldermen, so that the station in life of Francis Gourney was not very high ; especially as the population of the town was then small. He is however styled gentleman in St. Mary's

a Heralds' Visitation. Register St. Benet Finck. A.D. 1664.] HERALDS' VISITATION. 53i parish register in 1663 and 1667. In the Heralds' Visitation for Essex in I 664 is an account of his family attested by himself, as follows : t - ( " Goun;-.;EY. Argent, a cross engrailml gules, a crescent for difference. ~ FRA:-.crs GouRNEY, London,-TA:-.:-.E, dau. of '''illiam Browning, ofl\falden, (JI.A.A.Ao\ rnerchant. in com. Essex. r------.J FRAXcrs Gou,nxEY, of l\Ialt!en, inTA:-1:

"FFRA. GouRNAY."

" The above is a true copy of the entry in the Visitation of the county of Essex, made in the year 1664, and now remaining in the College of Arms, London.

"CHAS. GEO. YOUNG, " College of Arrns, 4 May, 1831." York Herald and Register. He married Anne, daughter of Jeremiah Browning, alderman of Maldon. She was probably his cousin, his mother having been of the same family ; her baptism is dated July 23, 1637. They had issue, according to the parish register of St. Mary's, Maldon : J. John, born 7 Oct. bapt. 30 Oct. 1655; he was apprenticed at Nor- wich, and is the founder of the present family there; of whom hereafter. 2. Francis, born 14 Feb. bapt. 2 March, 1657, buried 28 May 1658. 3. George, born IO June, bapt. 20 June, 1659, buried 15 Jan. 1663. 4. Thomas, born 17 March, bapt. 31 March, 1661. a. Charles, born 4 Feby. bapt. 24 Feb. 1662, buried 16 Sept. 1668. 6. Richard, bapt. l April, 1664, who may be the Richard who was :fined in Bedfordshire for non-attendance at church in 1682.a 7. Francis, bapt. l 7 Sept. 1(365, buried 6 Jan. 1666. 8. Anne, bapt. 22 Jan. l 6G6 ( o. s.) 9. Henry, bapt. 19 March, 1667. 10. Jane.b

a Suff0rings of the Friends. b Heralds' Visitation, 1G64. ,')38 FRANCIS GURNEY. [PART IIT.

The name of Gurney does not appear in any of the Maldon Registers after 1670; from that year to 1690 the Register of St. Mary's is lost. a I do not find in what year Francis Gurney died ; but he and his family appear to have left Maldon, where it seems they did not possess property, according to information from an authentic source in the place, and I think it likely he remow~d to Norwich the latter part of his life, from the fact of

n In that of St. Peter's, Maldon, we find an entry of the marriage of George Gourney with }Iary Elliston, widow, in 1660, and of their son George, born 1661: what his relationship was to Francis Gourney we have been unable to discover; but he perhaps resided in a house in All Saints' parish at Maldon, which was certainly inhabited by one of the family. Also Richard

IIOUSE OF ONE OF THE GURNEYS IN ALL SAINTS' PARISH, ~!ALDON,

Gournay, mentioned in the corporation accounts of Maldon in 1677, These may have been brothers of Francis Gurney. A.D. 1667.] 1IALDON FEE FARM RENTS. 539 his son being apprenticed there, and his family having been always con­ nected with the place. The following notices of Francis Gurney occur in the Rent Roll of the fee-farm rents of the borough of :Maldon :-

1662. "Item. Sir Robert Sprignell, Knight, for the rent of his Key at the heath, sometymes of Henry Swallow, and now in the tenure of Francis Gurney, Gent. by the year, xiid. "Item. Mr. Francis Gurney, for the rent of a pcell of waste ground belonging to this Burr. lyeing his Saltcoat dore, now in the tenure of the said Mr. Gurney, by the year, ls. "Item. Francis Gurney, Gent. for the rent of a certain messuage or tenement and Smith's shopp, in All Saints' parish, formel'ly of one Robert Walley, in the occupacon of him, the said James Fowle, by the year

Farme rents, 1677. " Item. Sir Robert Sprignell, Barronett, for the rent of the Lime Kilne upon the soile of this Burrough, att the heith, in the parish of St. Marie's, late in the tenure of Francis Gurney! Gent. and now of . by the year, I ls. " Item. Sir Robert Sprignell, Barronett, for the rent of his Key att the heith, sometimes of Henry Swallow, late in the tenure of Francis Gurney, Gent., and now in the tenure of by the year, I l. l ls. "Item. John Gurney, Gent. for the rent of a piece of ground of the soyle of the Burrough, att the heith, lying betweene Sir Robert Sprignell's Vineyard and the Saltcoate, in the parish of St. Marye, late in the tenure of Francis Gurney, Gent. and now in the tenure of the said Francis Gournay, by the year " Item. Richard Gournay, for the rent of an incroachment upon the soyle of this Burrough, with a new building in his messuage or tenement heretofore called or knowne by the name or signe of the Swan, situate in the parish of St. :Mary, late of Francis Gournay, Gent. now in the tenure of Helena ·Williams, wield. by the yeare 540

JOHN GURNEY OR GOURNEY OF NORvVICH,

WAS the eldest son of Francis Gourney of Maldon in Essex, by Anne Browning, his wife, and was born at Maldon 7 Oct. and baptised 30 Oct. 1655.n He was bound apprentice to one Daniel Gilman, of Norwich, citizen and cordwainer, as is shewn by the corporation books of that city of 1692, (App. XCI.) when he was prevented from taking up his freedom by his declining to take the necessary oath, he having before that time :,-:=2~~ -~==-~~~~~s~~, - - -

THE THREE PIGEONS TAVERN 1Dvu:.:t:n:n;r,t~~

a Parish Register, St. Mary·s, Ma1don. - ...,., ;=-~~:::_-____.:_ _---.;,~~~--,__- -..--- -"'-.

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A. D. 1678.] REGISTERS OF QUAKERS. 541 embraced the tenets of the Quakers, who entertain a religious scruple against oaths. The earliest notice we find of him at Norwich is in the registers of of that society, John Gourney being among the witnesses of a mar­ riage which took place on the 16th 4th month, (June o. s.) 1678; after which time his name frequently occurs in these books, variously spelt, Gourney, Gourny, eventually always Gurney. (Appendix XC.) He lived in the parish of St. Gregory, in a house facing what was called Charing Cross, between two streets formerly called nether and over ·west­ wyk.a This house is conspicuous in a perspective map of Norwich, com­ piled by Mr. Taylor for his Index Monasticus, an engraving of which is given at page 508. It still bears the appearance of an old mansion. It seems likely this was originally the town house of the West Barsham Gurneys, which had devolved to this younger branch of the family. Thomas Gurney of West

Barsham died possessed of a house in St. Gregory's parish in 1471 .b (Seep. 393.) He is styled John Gurney of Norwich, citizen and cordwainer, the meaning of which word is explained in the Harleian Miscellanyc as tanner, currier, or in fact leather merchant. This addition to his name was given from his having been admitted to his freedom in the Company of Cord­ wainers, which appears by his being so styled in deeds dated 1707, when he was an eminent merchant, and possessed of considerable property. Mr. Norris states ct that an order of the corporation of Norwich was made in 1450, that e-rery person admitted as citizen or freeman was to be so admitted and recorded under some art or trade, which order continues still in force. (App. XCI.) John Gourney was a quiet man, who did not greatly trouble himself about his affairs : but was so learned in the law as to be the provincial oracle to whom law questions were fr~quently submitted, and is said to have been habitually consulted by the corporation of Norwich.

" Kirkpatrick MSS. quoted in Norris MSS. vol. i. Misc. Norf. papers.

b The writings of this house do not throw any light on the supposition, as they only commence in 1751. c Vol. vi. p. 123. ct Tunstead Hundred, in Wotton. 4 B 542 JOHN GOURNEY OF NORWICH. LPART III.

In his youth he became a convert to the religious opinions of the So­ ciety of Friends, which subjected him, together with others of the same sect, to an imprisonment of above three years in the city gaol of Norwich.a "They were committed thither about the latter end of the year l683." Their case, as drawn up by themselves, is contained in the following address,t the sole ground of their imprisonment being their refusal to take the oath of allegiance, which they declined doing simply from their religious scruple to take any oath whatever.

" An Address of the Prisoners at Norwich to the Representatives of that City and County, humbly desiring them to take our suffering condition into consideration.

" '\Ve, who have been great sufferers for no other cause but for wor­ shipping God, and, because it hath differed in ceremony from the esta blished worship of the nation, some have called it sedition or rebellion,

• At all periods Norfolk bas had its full share of religious persecution; even in the earliest times of the Lollards, they underwent great cruelties in that county. William \Vhite, a disciple of Wickliffe, was burnt at Norwich in 1424. During some alterations lately made in the castle there, an inscription cut on the stone was discovered, and is conjectured to have been written on the wall of his cell by some imprisoned Lollard. It runs thus : (BARChS)

PVRV0RISA'COR'C €1S'.A'V hZR81 SV 11

IOSVYCLOS81hC €1C€1M€1SVh: and is thus explained : Bartholomeus, Pour vrais a tort Et sans raison J e suis clos ( enclos) en c­ ette maison. 0 Sufferings of the Friends, fol. edit. vol. i. page 515. A. D. 1685.] Il\IPRISONMENT OF SECTARIES. 543 and have persecuted us as such almost to the utter ruining of us in this world, sometimes by laws made against seditious sectaries, and other times as popish recusants, though our endeavour hath been and still is to keep a conscience void of offence toward God and all men, as our consciences bear us witness, and also our neighbours among whom we lived, who have seen our peaceable behaviour; and further our willingness to give unto Cresar the things that are his. And, although nothing has been alledged against us but the cause of our worship, yet grievous have been our suf­ ferings as aforesaid ; witness the prisoners that are at this day throughout the nation, as also the havock that has been made upon our goods for many years past by bailiffs and mercenary informers, who have not only abused us, but have domineered over and abused the justices and justice itself for base and sinister ends, which has ruined many families of such as were always willing to submit to the sword of justice, that is, for the punishment of evil doers, and the praise of them that do well, as we be­ lieve you are not insensible of. Therefore we do humbly beseech you, as opportunity offers itself, that you would make intercession on our behalf, that the heavy burden may be taken off, and the oppressed go free; so shall we be the more engaged to pray for the prosperity of you and yours. " Thus, in behalf of ourselves and our suffering friends, from fifteen of us who have been prisoners onwards of two years, because we cannot swear to that which we hold and believe to be our christian duty, to wit, to practice true allegiance to our prince. " The 7th of the month called April, 1685."

At the summer assizes of the same year John Gurney and his fourteen companions had the oath of allegiance again tendered to them in court, and were recommitted. 'The records of the corporation of Norwich furnish an unequivocal proof of the esteem in which John Gurney was held by his fellow-citizens, and also of his being a person of some consequence in the city, in a resolu­ tion of an assembly of the aldermen and common council that he should be indulged with the privilege of carrying on his mercantile affairs within the liberties of the city, notwithstanding that he could not, as the law then stood, be admitted to his freedom, by reason of his scrupling to take an 544 JOHN GOURNEY OF NORWICH. [PART III. oath. (App. XCI.) To which admission to freedom he made a vain attempt in l 688. This resolution of the corporation took place in 1692, some years after his release from prison, which was early in the reign of James II. by whom the severe measures against the Society of Friends were relaxed. John Gurney realized a considerable fortune. He was materially assisted in the management of his commercial undertakings by his wife Elizabeth Swanton, whose talents for commerce were quite extraordinary. At that period, when education was so limited, it was not an easy thing to find effective mercantile clerks, and the women of commercial families, as is now the case on the continent of Europe, took a leading part in the counting-houses. He married at Woodbridge "the fifth day of the seventh month, called September, in the year 1687." The marriage certifkate, according to the form of the Society of Friends, is still in possession of his descendants. In the monthly meeting books at Woodbridge he is stated to have produced a note from his mother giving her consent to this marriage. His wife is described as Elizabeth Swanton, of Grundisborough, in Suffolk, " single woman." Her brothers were merchants at ·wells in Norfolk. John Swanton, probably one of them, was present at the marriage of their second son, Joseph Gurney, with Hannah Middleton, in 1713. (App. XCII.) John Gurney was intimately connected with the leading members of the Society of Friends ; amongst others, Samuel W aldenfield, a distinguished preacher of that sect, was much attached to him, and frequently with him at Norwich. He was in the habit of attending the yearly meetings in Lonrlon, on which occasions his more anxious wife remained at home to superintend their affairs. The following letter in my possession is characteristic of the thrifty wife at home addressing her absent husband on one of these occasions:- A.D. 1716.] LETTER OF ELIZABETH GURNEY. 545

"Ffor John Gurney, Senr. att Theodore Ettleston's, In Crown Court, In Gracechurch Street, London.

"Norwich, ye 17 of 3d mo. 1716. "MY DEARE, (May) "Theise are to acquaint thee that I have drawn a bill on John Ettleston to ·William Crowe, or order, for James Paynter. Thou told me he nor his father would want no money, but he have been with me twice for sum, but I had none for him nor nobody else. I never knew such a week of trade all the hard weather as I have known this week. I could have had some if Richard How had sent culord and the book muslin, and those goods I sent for; but when he have served all his customers, so that they have forestalled the market, then I shall have the rubbish they leave. I take it very ill that thou tye me (to) those people, for I am sure we are both sufferers by it. He know right well if there be any thing to do it is att this time of yeare, but I have been served so severall years. Branthwait have not sent me the money, nor Lilly have paid none, nor the country have sent none, nor I have taken scarce any1 so I know not what they wil do att John's. What pleasure thqu meet withall at London much good may it doe thee ; but I am sure I am in trouble enough. I can hardly tell how to forgive Richard How, to think how he have done by me. My neibour Alice desire thee to buy her 2 hundred of gold, and 2 pound of the best coffee. Pray desire John to think to buy me sum silk gloves of the maker, as I ordered him by my letter. So with deare love to thee and my children, I conclude, " Thy discontented Wife at present, "ELIZ. GURNEY. "My daughter Hannah have now sent for me strait. Her child is taken very ill."

The following account of the children of John Gurney is copied from a memorandum in his own handwriting:- 546 JOHN GURNEY OF NORWICH. [PART III.

"John Gurney was born the 16th day of the 5th month, called July, this year 1688. "Richard Gurney was born upon the 18th day of the 11th month, called January, in the year 1689. "Joseph Gurney was borne upon the 24th day of the 1st mo. (March), in the year 169½, " Benjamin Gurney was borne upon the 6th day of the 12th mo. called Fehruary, in the year 1693. "Edmund Gurney was borne upon the 27th day of the 11th mo. called January, in the year 1695. "Edmund Gurney, the 2nd of that name, was borne upon the 7th day of the 9th mo. called November, in the year 1697. " Samuel and Richard Gurney were borne at a birth upon the 6th day of the 5th mo. called July, in the year 1700." It is observable that John Gurney named two sons successively Edmund, doubtless after Edmund Gurney, the puritan rector of Harpley, his great­ uncle. Of these sons four only lived to grow to man's estate; viz. John, Joseph, Benjamin, and Edmund. John Gurney died 10th December, 1721, aged sixty-six; and Elizabeth, his wife, the 4th of March, 1727, aged sixty-eight. (Registers of the Society of Friends at Norwich.) APP. xc.J REGISTERS AT NORWICH. 547

APPENDIX XC.

EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTERS OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS AT NORWICH.

The first mention of the name of Gourney in 4th Extract, 1690 : " Ordered, That Jno. the Norwich monthly meeting books of the So­ Gourney and Jno. Fenn go to such Friends .as ciety of Friends is in 1678. they judge fit and willing to give towards the 1st Extract: " The names of the young men charges of the gallery and windows mending, who contribute towards the building of the also the street mending in the King's-way." house in the ground lately purchased of Onias 5th Extract, 1695 : " Ordered, That John Philipps, and also the summe. Gourney, Robert Burton, &c. &c. take an £ s. d. amount of what things are lost of John Golds', Jno. England 5 0 0 and to prize them, in order to be disposed of, Jno. Fenn, &c. &c. 1 5 0 for the use of his widow." 0 ,,. Jno. Gourney 1 0 6th Extract, 1691: "Ordered, That William 2nd Extract, 1686: " Agreed, That those Kay, Henry Lombe, and John Gourney, meet Friends whose names are hereunder nominated together the 6th day next at the meeting-house, shall have the care in looking after the back about the 5th hour in the afternoon, to receive garden. of Friends an amount of what books and pa­ Thomas Howard. pers, and manuscripts, they have of dear George Thomas Dormer. Fox's." John Gourney ( and several others)." 7th Extract, 1692: " Ordered, That John 3rd Extract, 1690: " Ordered, That John Gourney, Richard Brown, take care of such Gourney and John Fenn speak to and enquire Friends prisoners in the county prison for their of some Friends that may be thought fit to testimony for truth, and to assist them with dwell in the meeting house." advice, or otherwise, as need shall require."

APPENDIX XCI.

ON THE GUILDS OR TRADE COMPANIES.

Commercial societies, analogous to the guilds legium, and sometimes societas, although the of the middle ages, existed in the Grecian and latter word generally signifies partnership, when Roman towns. They were called by the Greeks used in a commercial sense. It does not ap­

L l3 Edw 1 -.... Ji1 da z-511r u 11( {'ord_,-,wa_nerir-l. ~lirlttiflowr a/s S11a/J:rfi'e11·, 19.E.r{ f. Jfi-)sirrlr{lwr· ~ ~

0 ~,-i------~ ~ :i I71£,/,'/1,rSc/1ol-'i ur: ~! ;~ ' {f'ltll!/<'91-lt'. I ~ ·~~·

APP. xcr.J THE GUILDS. 549 soon became members of the guilds ; and herein, pany before that period, as Richard de Parys, I apprehend, the English system differed from cordwaincr, was sheriff of London, 57 Henry that prevalent in France,-that, although it was Third (12G3). necessary to become a member of a guild or The following is the entry in the corporation company to obtain the right of. burgess or books at Norwich referred to in the text re­ citizen, it did not, in England, follow as a con­ specting John Gourncy's not taking the usual sequence, that the particular trade of the com­ oaths: pany was necessarily undertaken, at least that was not the case after the reign of Henry the " At the Court of Mayoralty held 28 Junii, Eig·hth, when a more liberal system in com­ 1692. mercial matters began to prevail, and these "Forasmuch as John Gourney, who was loco.] restrictions subsided. apprentice with Danyel Gilman, cordwainer, \Ve have observed that John Gourney was di

APPENDIX XCII.

ON THE FAMILY OF SWANTON,

The brothers of Elizabeth Swanton, wife of 1716, aged 50, and he m 1718, aged 55. It John Gurney, were merchants at Wells in is likely he was of the same family as the Norfolk. In the registers of the Quakers at Cobbs of Sandringham"' and Snettisham, Jeffrey Norwich frequent mention is made of Robert Cobb, third son of Edmund Cobb, Esq. of Snet-

Swanton of \Velis, also of John Swanton, * This appears to be tho case by the will of Elizabeth Hannah, the sister of Elizabeth Gurney, mar­ Cobb, 1682. Register Cobb, in office of Archdeacon of ried Edmund Cobb of Norwich; she died in Norwich. 4 C 550 JOHN GOURNEY. [ PART III. tisham, having settled in Norwich on or before Pas ton ( Argent, six the year 157 4, and had a numerous issue.""" fleurs-de-lis azure, a An ancient family of the name of Swanton chief indented or), I held a manor in Edinethorpe, TunsteadHundred. saw, many years since, George de Swanton at Oxnead, in an old was returned by the book of arms, painted, sheriff as lord of a most of them relating manor there in l 315. t to tl1e Paston family,

Mr. Norris says, " All and this coat of Swan- SWANTON OIPAL!Nll I find of the family is ton alone was lately, PASTON. they bore for arms, and may be still remaining, painted in one of Vert, two chevronels the windows of vVitton church. argent, each charged "In 1315 the heir of John de Swanton was with three cinquefoils gules, Swanton. This certified to have a manor in Foulsham cum coat, by the name of Swanton, and impaling Thernilsthorpe; and Andrew Swanton occurs in the list of ~orfolk gentlemen returned by * Norris l\ISS. Pedigree of Cobb, t B!omefield, in Edinethorpe. the commissioners, 12 Henry VI. 1433."

kf0::tt ~ . l

1' l 1 ii= ' l- 551

JOHN GURNEY, OF ST. AUGUSTINE'S PARISH .

.Jon:r-.T Gurney, eldest son of John Gurney and Elizabeth Swanton, was born in St. Gregory's parish, Norwich, the 16th July I 688. He married, the !Jth Aug. 1709, Elizabeth, daughter and coheiress of Joseph Hadduck. His marriage certificate is signed by two of the Branthwaites, who were connections of the Gurneys of West Barsham. The Hadducks were lords of the manor of Little Barningham, in Norfolk, an estate which John Gurney acquired by this marriage. He resided in St. Augustine's parish, Norwich, in a house purchased for him by his father. John Gurney was eminent as a commercial man, and possessed consi­ derable eloquence as a public speaker. In April and May 1720 he was examined before the House of Lords, upon the question which arose at that time upon the subject of the prohi_ bition of the import of calico and cotton manufactures ; and stated the case of the woollen manufacturers with so much eloquence and clearness that the successful termination of the business was mainly attributed to his exertions.

The following is an account of this affair, taken from "The Norwich Gazette, or the Loyal Packet," from Saturday, April 20th, to Saturday, May 7th, 1720. " Monday, May 2nd. This day's post brought the following account: " From ..Wye's letter, April .30th. " Mr. Gurnay took notice in his speech last Thursday, at the bar of the House of Lords, that his friend John Eggleston represented last Tuesday to the Lords, that our woollen manufactures were not fit to be exported to our plantations, because of a worm that eats them. But to this he replyed, that we had a sort of worm called a moth in England, which induced a prejudicial to our manufactures, and perhaps they might have moths in the V{ est Indies, but he knew another which was the great devourer, namely calicoes and East India goods ; which if not prevented by the Legislature would eat out the wear of our woollen stuffs in England. He ~-~~- -- 552 JOHN GURNEY, OF ST. AUGUSTINE'S. [PART III. likewise took notice upon the subject of running calicoes, that, as for his friend John Eggleston saying he knew no such thing as clandestine trade in that commodity, he appealed to him in his presence whether he did not tell him more than once that the drapers' trade in calicoes woul

A.D. 1720.] SPEECH BEFORE THE HOUSE OF LORDS. 553 some years before, they did not export one fifteenth part; that likewise they were to export no more than :300,000l. annually in bullion, whereas in the said year 1717 they exported no less than 900,000l. ; and he sub­ mitted it to their Lordships whether the Company had not on these ac­ counts forfeited their charter; and in answer to the drapers' observation, that in the plantations they were more desirous of our calicoes than our stuffs, he said that, if it was so, the people must certainly be the more fond of them when they knew they are to be the last they are to expect, and consequently the drapers will soon get rid of their dead stock as they call it. '' In the mean time we are to acquaint you. that the Lords heard the East India Company reply by their council, Mr. Sergeant Darnel and Mr. Mead, who observed, that the suppressing of calicoes will not answer the ·weavers' expectations, because linnen will ansvver all the purposes of cali­ coes. That as to the annuitants having no right to the calfooe funds, 'twas a manifest absurdity ; that as to the exportation of bullion, it was a com­ modity like other merchandizes, and the Company will lawfully trade with it. That the authority given to the Justices of Peace by the Calicoe Bill was in effect setting up an inquisition in England; and Mr. Mead particu­ larly said that the greatest witness of law in the nation were of opinion that a sumptuary law ought not to take place any where but in arbitrary governments. That it was impossible for the drapers to swear, perhaps two years after he sold any linnen, that they were the very same that he tended to any person that might be called in question by any justice of the peace or court of judicature. That as to the edicts of France being made use of as an argument by the weavers, &c. 'twas to be hoped they would be no example for us, for if so, we might then make laws that no person shall keep above 2oz. in his possession, and to seize and confiscate all the rest that could be found ; and likewise for sending away honest people to Mississippi. To-day the Lords, after hearing the reply of Mr. Eggleston/

a The John Eggleston, or. more properly Eccleston, who argued before the House on the side of the East India Company, was we believe a member of the Society of Friends. He, or one of his name, was mentioned in the letter of Elizabeth Gurney to her husband, of the date of 17 of 3 mo. 17 lG. Mary Ecliston, widow, perhaps of this family, married George Gourney at All Saints Church, i\Ial

in vindication of the East India Company, against the Calicoe Bill, adjourned the further consideration thereof to this clay 6 weeks, on a division 39 against 27; however, their Lordships voted an address to his Majesty to order the Commissioners of the Trade to prepare against the next Sessions of Parliament for effectually preventing the use of calicoes, so detrimental to the manufactures of this kingdom, and on the other hand to consider and state the many difficulties which the East India Company do at present lie unfler, and to propose what methods may be most proper for and pffectual for securing to the said Company their carrying on with success a trade so beneficial to thi::; kingdom." And again, in a summary at the end, is the following sentence, " This day the Lords heard the famous advocate of the weavers, Mr. Gurnay, who spoke on the subject with such energy and force tha,t the Lords were much surprised thereat, and 'tis scarce to be doubted but the Bill will pass, tho' the East India Company and the drapers are to make their reply to­ morrow." John Guruey's efforts were fully successful, as the Act 7 Geo. I. stat. 1, chap. 7, passed. In his Annals of Commerce Macpherson gives the fol­ lowing account of the transaction : " The use of printed Indian calicoes in Britain, both in apparel and household furniture, was at this time become so universal as to be a great detriment and obstruction to the woollen and silk manufacturers of the kingdom. This had occasioned sundry riots and tumults of the weavers in London, &c. It was therefore found necessary to redress a grievance wherein so many thousand families were deeply inte­ rested. An Act of Parliament was therefore pass'd to encourage and pre­ serve the woollen and silk manufacturers, and which absolutely prohibited the ·wear of calicoes, under the penalty of 5l. for each offence on the wearer, and of 20l. on the seller." This statute was afterwards relaxed by 9 Geo. II. chap. 4, and in the course of time the establishment of British cotton manufactures has rendered these prohibitory statutes nugatory. Upon the return of John Gurney to Norwich from this mission, the people had resolved t~ meet him twenty miles from the city, and escort him in his progress home; but, hearing their intention, he determined to avoid this civic triumph, by arriving early in the morning, and so prevented A.D. 1740.] HIS DESCENDANTS. 555 his fellow-citizens from starting. For this service, however, his portrait was engraved, and he obtained a high degree of personal and political popularity in the city. Modern political econqmists will be of opinion that John Gurney's views on this question were fallacious, however much he may have distinguished himself on the occasion. He was in consequence of the talent he dis­ played offered a seat in parliament by Sir Robert Walpole, with whom and with his brother Horace vValpole, of Woolterton, he li-red on terms of in­ timacy; but John Gurney declined the offer, as being incompatible with his religious opinions. He died 23 January, o. s. 1740, aged 52, and his wife, Elizabeth Had­ duck, 4 January, N. s. 1757, aged 66; their descendants were as follows:

JoHN GunNEY, of St. Augustine's parish, Norwich,7"'ELIZABET!l lLrnDUCK. ,-- ,----.------, Euz.cnETU, dau.=r:HENRY Gi:RNEY, Lucy, dau.=Jon:-1 GuRNEY,=r'ANN ELIZABETH, i\Luff, ma. Other chil­ of l3enju. Bal't- of Norwich, died of Edmund of Brooke, died l KE:-1- nrn. Francis Edward dren; died Jett. 1777. Gurney. 1779. DALL, Freshticld. Pearce. young. L-----, r -----,,-----~~---,7 L---~~ BARTLETT GunNEY, Esq. of Cottishall, ELIZABETH, mar. SARAH, mar. lllAIUA, died ELIZABETH, mar. Sa- Xorfulk; died s. p. 1803, and be- Joseph Cockfield. James Shep- ISM. muel Alexander. queathcd his estates to the Gurneys of llIARTHA, mar. pard. HENRIETTA, A:-iN. Keswick; mar. 1 w. Hannah Chap- John 13irkbeck. LucY, mar. died 182S. LucY, mar. Thomas man, 2 w. ~lary Cockill. Thos. Aggs. Kett. 556

JOSEPH GURNEY, OF KESWICK,

SECOND SON OF JOHN GURNEY, OF ST. GREGORY'S PARISH,

JosEPH GURNEY was born 24 March 1692. He was established by his father in St. George's Colegate parish, in a house in Magdalen Street, which was long inhabited by his descendants, and finally sold by his grandson, Richard Gurney, of Keswick. It was a quadrangular house of ancient appearance and doubtless an old mansion. The garden behind extended to the next street, and it was once the Dog tavern. He married at Norwich, the 21st of July 1713, Hannah Middleton, the daughter of Joshua Middleton, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Gentleman, who was descended from a younger branch of the very ancient family of the l\1iddletons of Belsay Castle, in Northumberland. (Appendix XCIII.) She resided at Norwich with her brother-in-law, Peregrine Tizack. Amongst those who were present at this marriage were Henry Davy and Miles Branthwaite, both connections of the vVest Barsham Gurneys.a She was a person of extraordinary beauty, and engravings of her and her husband were published. They had issue ten children, of whom six died in their infancy. The four who lived to grow up were John, Samuel, Joseph, and Hannah, born 1714. In 17 47 Joseph Gurney purchased Keswick from Stackhouse Tompson, ancestor of the present Charles Tompson, Esq. of Witchingham. This estate was afterwards added to by his grandson, Richard Gurney, who bought great part of the property that had belonged to the Hobarts of Intwood. Hudson Gurney, Esq. great-grandson of Joseph Gurney, is the present proprietor of Keswick. Although Joseph Gurney had not the distinguished talents of his elder brother, John Gurney, of St. Augustine's parish, he was a man of excellent

a Marriage Certificate of Joseph Gurney. ;,-, .0,> .· £:-/;./ ' ~-~ '.,r/;. ,·', ~~-~ •· / --~

-~

A.D. 1747.] PURCHASE OF KESWICK. 557 abilities and of high character. He was a devout cbristian, and in his last illness, which was one of great suffering, he dec1 _ that it had been the business of his whole life to prepare for that time. He died in great peace in 1760.

-.- -.-~:-=;-.=~~ -_- -~~ -.

--~--- ~~~ ~>; ·.

OLD HALL, KESWICK, NORFOLK, IN ITS ORIGINAL STATH,

4 D 558 [ PART lII.

APPE:i'. ~x XCIII.

ON THE MIDDLETONS OF BELSAY, SILKSWORTH, AND NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE,

The family of Middleton of Belsay Castle, like summons. His wife was Barbara, sister in Northumberland, is of high antiquity. Sir and co-heir to Adam de Swinburne, written Richard Middleton was present at signing a Baron de Swinburne, the 20th Edward II.f deed made at Chollerton, the 8th year of Alex­ The Swinburnes take their name from their ander, son of Alexander King of Scots, in ancient patrimony, Swinburne Castle, in North­ favour of Sir vVilliam Swinburne, of Caphea­ umberland. Some have esteemed them Barons ton, confirmed by Alexander King of Scots, by tenure. Sir Adam de Swinburne, Knight, 1273. living the 8th Edward IL had issue Adam, Gilbert de Middleton was one of the leaders written Baron de Swinburne, 20th Ed\\ard II. of the border marauders in 1317, and Lord of whose sisters and co-heirs were Barbara, wife .;\Iitford Castle." of Sir John _de Stryvelin, of Built Castle, Sir Robert de Middleton and Home de Al­ above named ; Christian, the second wife of warthorpe were returned members of Parlia­ John de Widdering­ ment in the 11th of Edward III. as Knights for ton, and Elizabeth, Yorkshire, and had 1Ol. allowed them for their the third wife of Wal­ expenses in attending 26 days. ter Heron, of Haddis­ Sir John Middleton of Belsay Castle became ton.t possessed of a large fortune by marrying Chris­ The Swinburnes of tiana, said to be daughter and ultimately heir Capheaton are of the of Sir John de Stryvelin, Knight, a great com­ same family. mander under King Edward III.; and who was Swinburne bore, summoned to parliament among. the Barons of Party, per fess gules and argent, three cinque­ the realm 25th Feb., 1341, the 16th Edward foiles counterchanged. JII. Stryvelin bore, Ar- ~-~~ In the 16th Edward III. John de Stryvelin gent, on a chief gules ~-··-_g~ was employed with others to treat of peace with three buckles or. the Scots. Sir John Middleton The 20th Edward III. he was with that king had issue, by Chris­ in his famous expedition into Scotland, and had tian his wife, a son of summons to Parliament as a Baron of the realm his own name, another from the 16th to the 44th Edward III. inclu­ Sir John Middleton, sive, according to Dugdale and the Lists of who in \1J,_e 5th of Summons; but none of his posterity had the Henry V. "1s one of the knights of the shire * Tytler's History of Scotland, vol. i. p. 345. t Banks's Extinct Baronage, vol. i. p. 416. :): Jbid. vol. i,·~ P· 176. ':J.,:--~··"-~-

--.:• •✓- >,$---•

APP. xcnr.J MIDDLETON OF BELSA Y. 559 for the county of Northumberland; and from he had two daughters, Anne, from whom de­ him descended another Sir John Middleton, of scended the Hewitsons, and Jane, wife of Cap­ Belsay Castle, Knt. who was high sheriff of tain Gomelden, of a family in Kent.* Northumberland the lst of Edward IV. and Arms of Middleton, served in Parliament for that c~unty the 12th Quarterly gules and year of Edward IV. From him descends, in a or, in the first quarter direct line, the present Sir Charles Middleton a cross patonce argent. Monk, Bart. of Belsay Castle, who assumed Joshua Middleton, the name of ;\!Tonk. the father of Hannah, The :\Tiddletons of Silksworth, in the county wife of Joseph Gur­ of Durham, were a younger branch of the l\Iid­ ney, was born at Dar­ dletons of Belsay Castle. Gilbert Middleton, lington in 1647. He third son of Thomas Middleton, of Silksworth, was brought up a Presbyterian, but embraced was mayor of Newcastle in 1530. the opinions of the Society of Friends, for Joshua Middleton, descended from this Gil­ which he underwent imprisonment and much bert, married and had issue Joshua Middleton, suffering. He died at Newca·stle 22d 11th mo. of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, gent. who married 1720. ( January 1721, n. s.) He left a son daughter of Timothy Draper, Joshua Middleton, and another son John Mid­ of Newcastle, gent. by Eleanor, daughter of dleton, who was burnt to death in the Cross Thomas Liddell, of Ravensworth, Esq. ancestor Keys Inn, Gracechurch Street, London, where of the present Lord Ravensworth. he was a lodger at the time the house was This last Joshua Middleton was the father burnt. His daughters were Hannah, who mar­ of Hannah, wife of Joseph Gurney; he had ried Joseph Gurney, and Elizabeth, who mar­ also a son Joshua Middleton, who married Isa- ried Peregrine Tyzack, of Norwich.

bella, daughter of Jo}m Doubleday, Esq. of * Play1a1r , ·, s E ng1· 1s h B aronetage, vo.I v1.· p. 1xxx1v, · ; Alnwick Abbey in Northumberland, by whom Appendix; and :MS. penes D. Gurney.

I insert the following Pedigree of the Family of Middleton from the best authorities I have been able to consult. 560 [PART III.

MIDDLETON.

AR~!S. Quarterly gules and or, in the first quarter a cross patonce argent. MOTTO. Deo servire, regnai·e est.

Sm RIC!LlRD ~[IDDLBT0N, present at signing a deed in 1273.

Sm ROBERT MIDDLETON, knight of the shire for Yorkshire 1338.

Sm Jom1 MIDDLETON, of Belsay Castle, Northumherland,=;=CrmrsTIAN, said to be dau, and heiress of diet.ETON, I"\Valker- TO,, of brother Tlwmas all tho Thos. . s. p. of Silks- field. Silks- lands of :'iir Alan Hay- Rycl- worth, worth ton, which pcrtaine

* This Pedigree is in possession of Sir Charles II-I. L. 111onk, Bart., of Belsay Castle, and is headecl "The Gene­ alogy of tho family of Middleton of Silksworth, in the county of Durham, as taken and certified at tlie Visitation macle in the year 1530, by Thomtis Tonge, alias Norroy, King at Arms for the north parts of England, and was afterwards confirmecl in the 4th year of King Edward the Sixth, a11110.155l, by "\Villi,uu Horvi, alias Norroy, King at Arms, &c., and is since further contiuue

a, b C rTT -L, ,------1---- 7 ,VILLIA ..'II, 1 w. J>o-=RALl'H =p2 w. IsA- GEORGE=pELIZA- Auc1,, FRANCis=rJ 0AN, J 0Sl!UA=;=Js,UJELLA, J 0H:V, JL\NNAII, s. p. ROTIIY, d. .\fIDDLE- BELL, da. Mrn- BETH, nrnr. ,'.\Irn. ld~u. l\Irn- I d.ufJohn s. p. 111a. JCJ­ Jon).·, s. of John 'l'O:-., of of Am- DLETON, da. of .John DLETON, uf UL£- Double- seph p. Cunsta- Tn:\vick, brose of Silks- Thos. Gill, of wL.owas -- TON, I,lay, EsVIL- ::;=2 w. DOROTHY, CHRIS· GEORGE'TANNE, ELIZA- ELIZ.\- J.A.:--.E, Itl, s. p. MARY,, lLIAM :\Im-1 ELrzA- ma. Wm. TO· l\'lrn- I da. of rn~'rn, ARDRwrrrrr ERINE, llET11, Captain RonERT, dau. of DLETON, BETH, La1nsde11, PHER, DLETON, Thomas died l\Irn- dau. of ma. to U-omel­ s. p. Tho- Bart. of clau. of Esq. died o!'Silks- Ayr, of un- DLE· Nicho- ,lcn. mas I Belsay IJohn ANN, mar. an in- worth, Bishop mar- ToN, las Co- Har- ANs, ma. "'ent- Castle, 711 undy, lfobert fant. Esq. \Vear- ried. of uyers, grave. worth, Sheriff of of 7\la;·k- Fenwick, mouth, A:vm:, Offer- of lllAR- Hewet. of Northum- Ieaton, Esq. Gent. died ton, South GARET1 son, Elm- berbud Iler Ly- C'ATI!A- an in- Es,1. Bi,!- nia.- Gent. sal, 166,6 ; ub. shire. m.-,;E, ma. font. dick, of Lon- Es,1. dun. !fit lo83. I ~\>}~~Ile- living A:-,,'N,n1. ton, Esq. J anno C. Co- 1729. nyers. r,,,..1 ~-----~---.-t, rr--,, r.,_---,----,--,7"7 R o_ BpE.RT, ,Y IL- J8 ir 'N-IF,"aRuA.xc,,1n:sd, ELIZA- GEORGE, ELIZABE'r11, mar. to ,Villiam FRANCIS, RALPH, JANE. 8 LJA)J, 0 1•. 1• HETH. died an Ettrick, Esq. of Sunderland, ot'Otfor- of com. CATIL\RJNE, "\V1LLJU1, s. p. .lllrn- heir of l\IARY. infant. 1690; whobecamepnrclwser ton, E::;11. Ehor, ma.. to llc- s. p. DLE· John MAR- TnolIAS, of Silksworth, li,·ing 1729. mar. Eli- Clerk, ronofChip- THO,\IAS, TO!i, Lambert, THA. died at A~NE, n1ar, to F'raiwis )lid- zabeth, 1720; chaC'e. s. p. Bart. of Culton London

LOUI.'lA, ub. ] 807. CHARLES ATTICUS, bo. 1805. 56:2

OLD HALL, KEsW!CK, SOUTH SIDE.

JOHN GURNEY OF KESWICK.

JoHN GURNEY, eldest son of Joseph Gurney and Hannah Middleton, was born in 17 I 6. He lived at Keswick, and at Norwich, in the house in Magdalen Street, in St. George's Colegate parish, and built the separate wing to the house at Keswick for the residence of his brother Samuel Gurney; in conjunction with whom he introduced into the Norwich manufactures the hand-spun yarn of the South of Ireland. Mill or machine spun yarn was then unknown ; and, notwithstanding the immense quantity A.D. l i 4i.] OLD HALL, KESWICK-WEST SIDE. SG3

~ 11/• ,t, ( ;1,A )) ~)l ,ti'!',,.,. 1,r:•1 ,;,~_J,'{:J:,,~ yV -.r V 1-\~\?;i~ ; j-~'l.. :~~~~j ~&,€~/,~F -~:r =· ~··: ·,(5::1,~1 ~~;.'.}-/; lo 6.. lit: ~.'•'• ~-1k, \... {i :::"----.-:::··, -·,;;i, . I -~~\..,_----~~-~ , .• ~ <_~j~ ',_ ~•tit. \~:;, . ~' ,. j~~~~- 1 0::;~¾;;',1 ,,1,bt ,'-:-...;:.;f,-6" -. , I , Ii ,- '-"- ·., tiro,✓ , / I I~ '..__, ~ I J

• 1," ' :.:~ ' : _--/-- - -

,, ",, I

[.Fl;,:

of hands in the counties of Norfolk ancl Suffolk, the hand-spun yarn in those counties was found inadequate to the demand. The additional supply was received from Cork and imported into Yarmouth through the activity of John and Samuel Gurney, aided by the advantages which a high character for integrity and a large capital could furnish. It is believed that at one time the population of the South of Ireland and the employment of the numerous weavers of Norwich depended upon the advantageous results of this co~nection, which greatly added to the wealth of this branch of the Gurney fa,wily."· · · 1 564 JOHN GURNEY OF KESWICK. [PART III.

John Gurney married, about the year 1739, Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Kett, of Norwich (App. XCIV.), by whom he had twelve children. Of these, eight died under age: viz. : Rachel, Joshua, Middleton, Hannah, Elizabeth, Joshua (second of the name), Joseph, and Henry-Kett. The other four lived to grow up, and were, Richard, John, Joseph (second of the name), and Rachel (second of the name), who married Robert Barclay, Esq. afterwards of Bury Hill, Surrey, a descendant of the celebrated Apologist for the Quakers, and of the ancient family of the Barclays of Ury, Kincar­ dineshire. (App. XCV.) John Gurney died 22nd April, 1770, in his 55th year. Elizabeth Kett, his widow, survived him many years, and died in I 788. As I have now given a detailed account of the Gurneys of Keswick until this last-named year, and as this is strictly an antiquarian work, the narrative of this third part of our Record will finish here. The pedigree at page 523 brings the descent down to the present period. Amongst other families, the later generations of the Gurneys have intermarried with the Hanburys of Essex, (App. XCVI.) with that of the Hays Earls of Erroll, (App. XCVII.) the family of Cowper, and that of His Excellency Chevalier Bunsen, the present distinguished Prussian Minister at the Court of London. APP. xcrv.J KETT OF SEETHING. 565

APPENDlX XCIV.

ON TIIE FAMILY OF KETT.

This family is of great antiquity in Norfolk; of bis wife, the widow of VVilliam Cat; and the name was origimlly spelt Cat,"' Chat, Kett, their escutcheon, Mortimer impaling Catt. or Knight. In .the reign of King John, Roger was formerly in At­ le Chat, or le Cat, was possessed of the manor tleborough Church of Repton Hall, alias Cats cum Criketoffs, in windows. Hevingham, in that county.t William le Cat Or, fleure - de - lis owned it in 127 5. Henry le Cat in 1285, after sable-Mortimer of whom John Cat had it; he was succeeded by Attleborough. Henry le Cat, who in 1314 held it of Clare Gules, three cats honour and i\orwich see.! In 1316 this passant guardant a r­ I lenry had a charter for free warren for this gent-Catt. nrnnor, and died the same year, leaving l\fargery This marriage with one of the Lords Mor­ his widow, who bad her dower in it. In 1319 timer of Attleborough proves the high 8tatio11 :;he released her dower, and \Villiam Catt and of tbis family at that period. In 1418 Henrv Katharine his wife settled the estate on them­ Cat of Hevingham was returned by the ju;­ selves for life, with remainder to Henry Catt, tices of the peace as a son of \Villiam and Katharine, Thomas, Henry, proper person to serve and Hobert, tlicir other sons. In 1345, Sir King Henry V. in his Constantine de J\fortimer was Lord of Hep­ war against France. ton I lall manor in Hevingham, in right His arms were, Gules, three cats ~ The family of Le Chat was prol,aLly of Norman passant guardant ar­ origin. ,y c find Jean Le Chat witnessing a deed of gift gent. of t3() sous revenue to the convent of Ouche, in Nor­ mandy, by Avicia, wife of Gauti0r de Hcngleville.­ Henry Cat is in the Urdericus Yit. Caen edit. vol. iii. page 31. list of Norfolk Gentry returned by Commis­ I!bert de Chaz, whose tombstone is at Lacock, was a sioners in 1433, temp. Hen. VI.§ He held vassal of Bohun, and came frorn Cliaz or Cats, in the Cattys manor in Sma!Lnrgh,11 and married neighbourhood of Bo]iun.-1-Iistory of Lacock ALbcy, Catharine, widow of 1Villiam de Helveston, am! by Bowles and Nichols, p. 33:2. had William Catt of Hevingham his son ; A family of tbe name of Le Cat were lords of 13euv­ reuil, near Gournay, in the 15th century.-M. de La whose son Henry, dying young, left his two :Slairie, Supplement to his IIistoire de Gournay, page sisters coheirs ; they married Thetford and i:3:t Yoxley, in which families the manor of Heving·· t Blomcfield, in Hevingham. ham continued. t Robert Le Cat lutd an interest in Bexwell, temp. !Jen. III. ; an,! Henry Cat, temp. Edw. I.-Blome­ § Fuller's Worthies. fidd, in Bt•XWt'lL Norris MSS. in Smalburgh, Tun,tead llundred. 4 E 566 JOHN GURNEY OF KESWICK. [ PART III.

A branch of this family was settled at Master of Arts, was burnt at Wymondham for \Vymondham, and was, according to Blome­ heretical opinions, then become very common field, * one of the most ancient and flourishing in this county from the influx of Protestant there. In the 22nd Edw. IV. 1483, John Kett, refugees. It is remarkable that \Vestwode alias Knight, was a principal owner in that Chapel, the former property of the Ketts, was . place. After the dissolution of the monasteries, used as the Quakers' Meeting House, on the first William Kett purchased Westwode Chapel, appearance of that sect at \Vymondham, and 11ear that place, in 1546. This property was the one now used is very near it.§ forfeited to the Crown at the rebellion, under After leaving Wymondham the Ketts had Hobert Kett, in 1549. property at Stoke-Ferry and other parts of The Ketts appear to have taken part in these Norfolk. Richard Kett was one of the collec­ commotions from a family quarrel with the tors of Ship-money in 1637, for the hundred of Flowerdews of Hetherset ; Serjeant Flowerdew Forehoe./1 having caused a chief part of the abbey church Robert Kett, of Wicklewood, was among the at \Vymondham to be pulled down, the Ketts Norfolk Commissioners for several ordinances opposing this, as principal inhabitants, and in 1643 ; and for ~ollecting an assessment of having in common with others purchased the 60,000l. by Act of Parliament in 1657, materials of the church for its preservation.t amongst the Commissioners for Norfolk, is The Flowerdews incited the people to lay open Thomas Kett, Gent.; and for Norwich, Richard the inclosures of Kett, who resisting manfully, Ket, Gent.~ In 1694, Richard Kett, grand­ they chose him their leader. He and his son of Richard Kett who sold Westwode brother \Villiam Kett were hanged in chains; Chapel, owned property at Houghton near the former on the top of Norwich Castle, the Cromer, sold by his son Henry Kett, which latter on Wymondham Steeple. Henry had estates at Dickleburgh in 1729, The property of Westwode Chapel was still possessed by the family, and he purchased restored to \Villiam, son of Robert Kett, and S(•ething in 17 4 7, which estate was much descended to his son Thomas, whose son eularged by his son, Thomas Kett, Esq. whose Richard sold it in 1606. son George Samuel Kett, Esq. of Brooke, now In 1570 a Thomas Kett revealed a plan of holds it.** conspiracy against the new foreign settlers in A pedigree of Kett is subjoined, according Norwich,t to present sources of info1·mation. This family seceded from the Established Church very early after the. Reformation ; for § Ibid. vol. ii. p. 505. on the 14th of January, 1588, Francis Kett, II Norris MSS. Collect. of Norfolk Papers, vol. ii. p. 19.-Ship-money. * Blomefield, vol. iii. p. 258. 'if Norris MSS. Extracts of Journals of the House t I hid. vol. ii. p. 521. of Commons. :t Ioid. vol. iii. p. 284. "* Papers in possession of Mr. Kett, APP. xcrv.J KETT OF SEETHING. 567

':':71, -JI.-~~~-, •.ti~··1 [ \ ~--·--~ PEDIGREE OF KETT.

Or, on a fess, between three leopard's heads erased affrontes azure, a lion passant argent.

ROGER LE Cu,u, temp. John, Lord of Repton Hall manor in Hevingham, Norf.

ROBERT LE CAT, temp. Henry III. owned lands in Bexwell.

"WILLIAM LE CIIAT, 1275, in Hevingham.

!IE:-iRY LE CHAT, 1285, held lands in Hevingham and Bexwell.

JOUN CATT.

HENRY LE CAT, 1314, ob. 1316.=fM.\RGERY, living 1319. r Rom:RT. Jo1IN. \VILLIAM LE CAT.=fCATIIARINE, whose 2nd husband was Sir Constantine Mortimer, 1345. L---, ,----7 MARGARET, Prioress of Carrow Abbey. HE:-IRY CATT·J•... THOMAS. HENRY. RonERT.

HENRY CATT, 1418-1433.=fCATIIARINE, widow of William de Helverton . .------,-...L ------7 :-.. N. a daughter; marr. -- Yoxley. \VILLIHI KETT, died young. N. N. a daughter, marr. -- Thetford.

1483, John Kett, of Wymondham.

1545, William Kett, of \Vymondham. 7 ROBERT KETT, hanged as a reLel, 1549.=f.... \V1LLIAM KETT, hanged at 1\'ymondham.=CATH.

THOMAS KETT, 1570.=f.... FRANCIS KETT, M.A. burnt at Wymondham, 1588. r---.J RICHARD KETT, 1606, sold the property at Wymondham.=,= .••. r----.J ROBERT KETT, 1643. RICHARD KETT, 1637.=f. • ••

RrcHARD KETT, of Norwich, son or grandson of the 1st Richard, 1657.=,= •.•. THO~IAS KErr, Gent. 1657.

R1c11ARD KETT, of Norwich, 1694,=,=iIARTHA, dau. of John Hopes (of Amsterdam?)

ELIZABETH, marr. John HENRY KETT,=,= •.•• dau. of George Phillips, of Stoke-Ferry, by -- Plumstead, a Gurney, of Keswick. d, 1772. near relation of the Penns ; his father or grandfather an officer in MARTIIA, marr. Edmund JCromwell's army. The Ketts used to possess his pardon and still have Gurney, of Norwich. some relics of \Villiam Penn from this source.

1 w. LucY, dau. of John Gurney, of=THOMAS KETT, Esq. of Seething,=,=2 w. HANNAH, dau. of Samuel Gurney, Norwich. ob. 1820. I Esq, r-- . I JULIANA, marr. Charles Tomp­ GEORGE SAMUEL =MARY, dau. and heir of -­ ANNA-MARIA, marr. Charle, •on, Esq. KE'l'T, Esq. F.S.A. Milford, Esq. Barclay, Esq. 568 JOHN GURNEY OF KESWICK. [PART III.

APPENDIX XCV.

ON THE FAMILY OF BARCLAY,

ThP family of the Barclays of Ury is descend­ Slay no man, nor thereto consent, ed from Theobald de Berkeley, who was living Ile nought cruel, but patient ; Allga ay in some goo

PEDIGREE OF BARCLAY.

Azure, a chevron argent, in chief three crosses patee of the second.

RoGER DE BERKELEY, of the Anglo-Saxon race, possessed Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire, in the reig11=;= of \Villiam the Conqueror, whose son or grandson was I

TnEOII.\LD DE BERKELEY=j=N, N. ALICE.=MAURICE FITZ-HARDING, temp. Hen. II. had from 1110. I a grant of the Berkeley estates, and assumed that name. From him descends the family of the Earls of' Berkeley. r 7 JonN DE BERKELEY, settled in the=;=N. N. HUMPHREY, eldest son ; marr. Agatha, by :\learne. I whom a daughter, Richenda. r RollERT DE BERKELEY, ob. 1216.TN. N.

HuGII DE BERKELEY, had a charter from Robert=pN. N. B:ruce, r-- ALEXANDER DE BERKELEY, first possessed,CATIIARINE, sister of William Keith, Marischall of Scotland. Mathers in right of his wife, born 1326.___ J DAVID DE BERKELEY, 1379.T...... d,rn. of Sir \Yilliam Seaton. r ALEXANDER DE BERKELEY, 1407.THELEN GR,KIIE, dau. of -- Grmme, of Morphie.

D'.:°·v--11->_D_E_B_E_'R-K-ELEY, built the castle at Mathers,=;=EuzABETII s~•RACIIAN, dau. of -- Strachan, of Thorton. 1438. I

ALEXANDER, altered the name to Barclay in 1467.TKATl!Alw,E, dau, of -- Wishart, of' Pittarrai. r DAVID IIARCLAY, 1483.TJANET, dan. of -- Irvine, of Drum.

ALEXANDER BARCLAY, 1497.J~IARGERY, dau. of James Achinlech, Laird of G!enbervie. r------GEORGE BARCLAY, of Mathers, 1520.=;=MARGERY, dau. of Sir James Ochterlony. L_7 1 w. MARY, dau. of -- Rait, of Halgreen,,DAVID BARCLAY, of !\lathers, 1547.,2. w. CATHARINE Hu,rn, r--.J L---7 1 w. lllARY, dau. of Sir Thomas Erskine,TGEORGE BARCLAY, of7"2 w. MARGARET \Yoon, Jou:,, BARCLAY, of of Brechin. _____.J Mathers, 1560. I of Bonnington. Johnstone.

TH0'1:AS BARCLAY, ob. vit. pat.TJANET, dau. of-- Strachan, of Laureston. GrrnRGE BARCLA y, of Baidgton and J ackston. r------1 DAv10 flARCLAY, born 1580; sold Mathers after 300 years' possession, andTELIZABETH, dau. of -- Livingston, the vhl family estates after 550, of Dunipace.

a 570 JOHN GURNEY OF KESWICK. [PART IIJ.

a r------,---- T7 J.un:s, killed at the DAVID BARCLAY, born 1610; entered the=j=KA'l'HARINE Gom,oN, HOBERT, dieRNEY, ob. Esther, dau. of\Villiam sister of 42ndRegt. through marr. J20 ; mar. Reynolds, of Carshalton the prn­ of Foot ; his Hudson ' ,,Iary, dau. House, Surrey ; has sent born mother, Gurney, of John issue one son. pos­ 1787, heir to Esq. of Freshfield, ABRAHAM RAWLINSON sessor.. died s. p. the Earl- Keswick. Esq. BARCLAY. doms of RODNEY, ALEXANDER, JOHN BARCLAY, marr. Airth a

It will be seen by the foregoing pedigree, that Buchanan t states, that .upon the death of Robert Barclay, Esq. of Ury, married Sarah his wife Euphemia Ross, Robert II. mar­ Ann, sole daughter and heiress of James ried Elizabeth More, daughter of Sir Adam Allardyce of Allardyce. This lady was heir More, then become the widow of Lord Gifford, of the Earls of Strathern, · Menteith, and her last husband ; by her the King had had Airth. children previous to his own first marriage; these These earls were descended from David the children he caused to be legitimatised after his eldest son of Robert II. King of Scotland by marriage with their mother ; and, as they were Euphemia Ross, his second wife. He was older than his children by Euphemia Ross, the created by his father Earl of Strathern 1371. eldest of them succeeded to the kingdom, under He had an only daughter married to Sir the name of Robert III. A reference however Patrick Graham, by whom she had a son, to the several dispensations in the Vatican Malise Earl of Strathern, who was by James I. proves that Robert had first been married to of Scotland, in 1427, divested of the Earldom Elizabeth More, and that Euphemia Rms was of Strathern, and created Earl of Menteith ; his second wife. from him descended William, 7th earl of Nevertheless, this disputable marriage be­ Mentcith, to whom Charles I. restored the tween Robert II. and Elizabeth More ex­ Earldom of Strathern in 1630; but soon after, cited the fears of Charles I. as to his title to the jealousy arising from the royal descent of this Scotch Crown, which he showed by depriving family, this was set aside, and he was created William, '7th earl of Menteith, descended Earl of Airth in 1633, with the precedency of from the eldest son of Robert II. by Euphemia Menteith (1427). William, third Earl of Airth, Ross, of his titles in 1633, the said Earl of

* Woo

PEDIGREE OF THE STRATIIERN, MENTEITH, EARLS OF AND AIRTH.

1 w. EL!ZABETII, dau. of Sir Adam Mora.::;=RoBERT THE SEco:m, King=j==2 w. EUPHEMIA, dau. of Hugh Earl o( I of Scotland. ) Hoss, r------~ ~------..L-----~ RouERT III. King of Scotland. DA YID, Earl of Strathern.::;=.,,. \VALTER, Earl of Athol. ______J El'PHE'IIA, Countess of Strathern.::;=Sm PATRICK GRAHAM, killed 1413. r------7 .\L,LISE, Earl of Strathern,=j==LADY ANN VERE, dau. LADY EurrnmIA, rnarr. l. Arclii- LADY ELIZABETH,

Jmrn, 6th Earl of i\lenteith, died 1598.,l\lARY, dau. of Sir John Campbell, of Glenarchy. r------~--- ..L Ho,, Srn JA,rr,:s c+n.rn.s>r, 'YILLJA,r, 'ith Earl of :Menteith,,=Aa:rns, dau. LADY CIIRISTIA:V, !llarr. Lady .\fargaret Ers- restored Ear! of Strathern in 1630, Iof Patrick rnarr. Sir kine, dau. of James, 6th which was reversed 16:33 ; and he Lord Gray. Blakadder, of Tu!. Earl of Buchan. was created Earl of Airth and Men­ liallan. teith, with precedency of 1427. rTT------,------TT,--! Ho:,. AacurnnDGrcuIA,1. JouN LORD7"LADY ll1ARY LADY MARY, marr. Sir John Campbell, of !lo,<. Sm J A)IE:; GtUHAM. Kll',l'ON'r, \ KEJTII, clau. Glenarchy. llo>". Sm Cn.,RLFB G1u- murdered Iof William, LADY MARGARF.T, marr. Alexander Lord Gar- ll rn. 1644, vit. Gth Earl of lies. pat. J\forischall. LADY ANN, marr. Sir )!ungo Murry, of Blaho. r T 1 w. ANN=WiLLIAM, 2nd Earl of=2. w. CATHERINE, dau, LADY l\IARY,I-sm Jo1rn ALLAR- LADY ELIZABETH, HEWS. Airth and ll!enteith, of Thomas Bruce, of ob. 1720. DYCE, of ALLAR- marr. Sir ,villiam died s. p. l G94. Bla11hall. DYCE. Graham, Bart. of Gartmoo1·. r TTT7 Jon,< ALLARDYCE, of Al- GEORGE ALLAlWYCE,-lLA DY A""" OG!L­ IIIAHY, marr. Sir Alexander Ogilvie, larr1yce, rnarr. Elizabeth, succeeded his brother; VIE, dau. of James, of Forglen. dau. of William Barclay, ;ll. l'. for Kintore, in Earl of Find later lii;u::s, marr. --- ob. 1743. of l3almakon, ob. s. p. tho last Scotch l'arlia- and Seafiel

a r.,.------,,------'------,-~·---~------. J om,. J A,1r-:s ALL.HlDYCE, of ALLARDYCE,=,=;,,L,RY, dau. of RoLert A.\XA. KAT!IARI,E ?,LrnY, marr. i\'1ur.u1. succeeded his father 1709. j i\lill, of BalwyHie. HELEN. Euz.rnETII. Andrew Hay.

J.L\!Es ALURDl'l'E, of Allardycc, =;=Axx, dau. of James Barclay, of' i\f.\RY, marr. 17:38, James J\Iacdonald, Sheriff rnarrie(l 1 I ~G, died 1157. j London, Banker. SulJ~titute for Kincartlinc. I S.uu11 Axx ALL.\RDYCE, of Allardyce, sole heiress, marr. 1776.=,=RoBERT BARCLAY, of Ury, Kincarclincshire. 7

D.\Vlll J.Ull:S AL- RommT B.rnCLAY=;=:WARY ANNE. Uxu C.nrnnoN, marr. J\fARGARET, marr. l\1ARY 1 STU.\RT L\RDYCE, ALLARllYCE, of IDu1- oL. J ohu Innes, of Cowie, II udson Gurney, ol,.1790. B.u

:\Luw.rnET B.rncLA y ALLARDYCE. A DAUGHTER, died young.

APPENDIX XCVI.

O~ THE FA~!ILY OF HANBURY.

The Hanburys derive their name from Han- [ A branch of the Hanburys of Pontypool

bury or Henbury Hall, in \Vorccstershire, f settled in Essex, on marrying the heiress of the where their ancestors were anciently seated. ' Osgoods of Oldfield Grange, near Coggeshall. According to the Hed book of the Bishopric of Of this family, who were Quakers, was Hachel \Vorcester, Roger de Hanbury was born there Hanbury, wife of ll.ichard Gurney. in 11:25, and his descendant Galfridus re­ Collateral branches of the Hanburys were sided there about the middle of the fifteenth seated in \Vorcester­ century. s}iire and at Kilmarsh About the year 1500, the possessor disin­ in Northamptonshire;* herited his brothers, and left the estate to a the latter now created natural daughter. Lords Bateman. Hichard, the eldest brother, became a gold­ The arms of Han­ smith in London ; his son Capel Hanbury bury are, Or, a founded the Iron works at Pontypool, in Mon­ bend engrailed vert, mouthshire, about 15G5, from whom descend cotised saLle. the present Nrr. Hanbury Leigl1, of T'ontypool, and Lord Sudeley, of Gloucestershire. Of this * Coxe's Tour in Monmouthshire, p. 235, where is " family was the celebrated Sir Churles Hanbury fuller account of the Hanburys. Williams.

4 F 574 JOHN GURNEY OF KESWICK. [PART III.

APPENDIX XCVII.

ON THE HAYS, EARLS OF ERROLL.

The ancient family of the Hays is commonly Eng1nnd with William the Conqueror, and asserted to have originated in the reign of derived their name either from La Haie-Belle­ Kcnneth III. of Scotland, about 980. The fond, near St. Lo, or more likely from La Haie- Danes having invaded Scotland were en­ du-puits, near Cout.ances in Normandy, where countered by the King near Loncarty in they had a castle and territory. Perthshire, and the Scots being worsted and The Lords of La Haie-d11-puits were barons hard pressed, retreated before the enemy to a of great power, and nearly related to the Dukes narrow pass, when a countryman and his two o"f Nom1andy before the Conquest: but there sons, with no other arms than the yokes of their does not appear any notice of any individual of oxen with which they were ploughing, defended this family before Richard Turstan Halduc, tl1e pass, until the Scots army had time to rally, baron of La Hiiie-du-puits, who founded tlw and the Danes were. consequently defeated; in monastery of Lessay in the Cotentin about tlw reward for which service the neighbouring middle of the 11th century ; his son was Odo territory of Erroll in the Carse of Gowrie was Capel, Odo cum Capello, baron of La Haie, given to them, being as much land as a falcon the Eudo Dapifer of Domesday book. Richard should fly over without lighting. That this is de la Haie and Matilda Vernon his wife were a legendary tale is proved by the fact that the founders of the Abbey of Dlanchelande, neal" original grant of the manor of Herroll or La I-Iaie-du-puits, and were there buried at the Erroll, in Perthshire, states it to have been end of the 12th century. given by William the Lion, in 1180, to William It is a singular fact that the barons of La eldest son of William Haya, King's butler. Haie-du-puits were hereditaryconstables of Nor­ The fable probably arises from the arms of mandy, as their descendants afterwards became this family, which are, Argent, 3 plain shields hereditary Lord High Constables in Scotland.t gules. The Castle of La Haie-du-puits is still in The falcon for a crest, and the two country­ existence, although much dilapidated. men with yokes for supporters, were adopted in The Sire de la Haie was at the battle of consequence of the story.* Hastings, and is mentioned in the Roman de According to Fordun, the battle of Loncarty Rou ;§ his name was Raoul, and he was Senes­ took place in 1263, between .Alexander III. chal to the Count of Martain. In a list of King of Scotland, and Eacho King of Norway, Knights who accompanied Robert Curthose who certainly invaded Scotland at that time,t into the Holy Land, given by Du Moulin in The Hays of Scotland are in fact a branch his Histoirc de Normandie, are several Hays. of the Anglo-Norman Hays, who came into :t Memoires de la Soci6te des Antiquaries de Nor­ mandic, vol. ii. pp. 56-63, and ZI3. * . •Jas's Scotch Peerage, Art. Erroll. § Pluquet's edition of Roman de Hou, vol. ii. note at t T) 's History of Scotland, vol. i. p. 32. page 2ris. APP. XCYIT.l HAY EARL OF ERROLL. 575

CASTLE OF LA HAJE•DU·PUITS. Among others are Monsieur Jean cle la Haye­ Robert de Haye, son of Raoul de Haye Hue, cl'argent a trois eseussons de gueulles. above mentioned, wus a great Anglo-Norman Monsieur Hue de la Haye de Villebadin, de baron in the reign of Henry I. He had large gueulles a trois escussons cl'argent, grenet~ d'or. possessions in Normandy, and in the counties Monsieur Jean cle la Haye d'Agneaux, sem­ of Sussex and Lincoln in England. His second bleable a un quartiee de Coulonces."- son Ralph was General of the Forces of Henry, * Le sire de Coulonces, fessii cl'argcnt et cl'azure de son of Henry II. when in rebellion against 11is :,,ix pie.C{:t,, 0000 D □ 576 JOHN GURNEY OF KESWICK. [ PART III. father. Richard de Haye, the eldest son, left Scotland in 1596, and built the Castle of only Elizabeth i\Iore ; from him descended kingdom after the blood royal, and, as such, vVilliam Hay, Constable of Scotland, who was has a right to take place of the holders of every created Earl of Erroll in 1442 by James II. other hereditary honour. Francis eighth Earl of Erroll was a man of fo the notes to a book of poems published great and courageous spirit. He was a Roman in 1822 by John Hay Allan, Esq. a High­ Catholic, and, iu conjunction with the Earl of land gentleman, are many notices of family Huntly, defotted the army of King James VI. history-amongst others, of the Hays-taken ( first of England) at Strathaven, 3rd Oct. 1594. from a MS. history of the Hays, which he He was banished afterwards, but returned to quotes. He says, the Gaelic name of the clan was Mac Garadh, and of the chief Mac Mhic * Dugdale's Baronage. t Ilistoire de la Con,1uete de l'Angleterre par Jes Garadh Mor Um! Sgithan Dearg, "the son of N orrnands, par M. A. Thierry, YO!. ii. page 280. All cl the son of Garadh of the red shields ;" the Tales of a Grandfather, vol. i. page 56. name Garadh in Gaelic having the same APP. xcv11.J HAY EARL OF ERROLL, 577 meaning as Haie in Norman French-a hedge T\Iac Garadh is coming, clear the way. or barrier. And Mr. Allan conjectures the l\lac G-aradli is coming, hurrah ! hurrah ! 1\lac Gara

<.iYe the spur to the steed, but falling into the bad graces of his brother­ Hin: the war cry its holleu, in-law James III. he died in exile in England Cast loose to wild speed, in 147 4 ;* he left two children, who died with­ Shake the bridle and full ow, out issue, and his brother Alexander Boyd The· rout's in the battle, Like blast in the cloud, succeeded to the paternal inheritance. "William The flight's mingled rattle 0th Lord Boyd, his immediate descendant, was Peals thickly ancl loud. created Earl of Kilmarnock in 1661. His Then holleu ! .l\fac Garadh ! holleu, i\Jac Garadh ! grandson William, 3rd Earl of Kilmarnock, !Tolleu ! hulleu ! holleu ! .l\Iac Garadh ! " distinguished himself by his loyalty to the '.\fr. Allan says, the " Gathering of the Hanoverian family in the rebellion of 1715; Hays" was set to the family war march of indeed this family were Presbyterians, and there the Earls of Erroll. The two first stanzas are exists a banner or standard which belonged to of considerable antiquity ; a Gaelic version of them, with the inscription, " The Covenant and the first was seen by lVIr. Allan ; the secorid King." \Villiam, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock, was was composed subsequent to the year 1646, seduced by the persuasions of his wife, the ,1·hen Hay of Yester received the title of Twee- Lady Anne Livingstone, daughter of the Earl dale. The rest of the poem is said to have of Linlithgow, a zealous Jacobite, to take an been written by Captain ,James Hay, in 1715, active part in favom of the pretender Charles when the Earl of Erroll attended the erecting Edward in 17 45. He surrendered himself at of Prince James's standard in the braes of Mar. the battle of Culloden, was convicted of high lt will have been observed from the foregoing treaso!1, and executed on Tower IIill, August account that the present family of the Earls of 17 46. Dy his attainder the estates and honours Erroll are in the male line Boyds, Earls of of the family were forfeited to the crown Kilmarnock, which title was forfeited, in the His son Lord Boyd, after the death of his rebellion of 17 45, by William 4th Earl of mother, became 13th Earl of Erroll. He in Kilmarnock. vain endeavoured to recover the lands of Kil- They descend from Simon, the brother of marnock and Linlithgow. His great-great­ \Valter, first High Steward of Scotland, and grandson is the present Earl of Erroll (1847). youngest son of Alan, son of Flathald. This The arms of the Boyds Earls of Kilmarnock Simon witnessed the foundation deed of the were, Azure, a fess monastery of Paisley, 1160. Robert his son cheque, argent and was called Boyt or Boyd, from his fair com- gules. Crest, a dexter plexion ; from the Celtic Boiclh, signifying fair hand erect, couped at the or yellow. From him descended Sir Robert wrist, pointing with the Boyd, who had a grant of the lands of Kilmar- thumb and two next nock, &c. by King Robert I., 1306. His fingers, the others turn­ descendant, Robert Boyd of Kilmarnock, was ing downwards. Sup­ created Lord Boyd by James III. in 1459. porters, two squirrels His son Thomas Boyd married the daughter of proper. Motto, Confido. King James II. and was created Earl of Arran; " See an account of him in the Paston Letters. APP. xcvn.J HAY EARL OF ERROLL. 579

PEDIGREE OF THE EARLS OF ERROLL.

WILLIA1t DE HAYA, settled in Lothian about 1170.,=JuLJANA, dau. of Randulph de Soulis, Lord of Liddes,lale. 7 RonE1

,YILLIA~f, ancestor of the GILBERT DE HAYA, Lord of Erroll, and Regent of,= .••• dau. of "'illiam Cum_vu, Hays of Lees. Scotlaud, in minority of Alexander III. 1255. J Earl of Buchan.

Sm Jou:, DE HAYA. NrcrroLAS DE HAYA, of Erroll.,= ••• ,

°NICHOLAS, a, Sm GJLBERT DE H_AYA, created hereditary high constable of Scotland, 1308; had,= llvGJf. prie:,t. Slains given him l,y Kini( Hobert Bruce. \

Sm D.HID DE JL, YA, of Erroll, Constable, &c.; killed=j=., • • dau. and heir of Sir John Keith, of Inm•J'- in battle of llnrbam, 134G. I peffer. r Sm THmt.i., ILY, of Erroll, Constable, &c.; died 1J06.T-ELJZABETH, dau. of King Robert -II. of Scotland, 1,_v Elizabeth :Moore. 7 Gn.ni:rrr IL1Y, of Dronlaw. Sm 1\'1ur.rn I-IA Y,,=nlArra.mET, dau. of Sir ELIZABETH, 1narr, Sir Georµ;t> ALICL-\., marr. Sir \\'illi:..un Hay, Constable, &c. ; ob. I Patrick Gray, of Brox. Leslie, of Hothes. · of Lockarrct. 143G. mouth. N. N. marr. John Leslie.

W1Lr.1.u1 IIA1·, of Gry, Kinc11r­ GtLUERT ILH, ob. a hostage in'T'ALICTA, dau. of Sir William Hay, of dine~hire. England, l-!26. \ Yester.

G1LnP.HT LE IL\Y, of Ury, marr. Beatrix, \Vru.rAM HAY, Constable, &c. ;,=BEATRIX DOUGLAS, clan. of Chm-les, dau. of ~ir John Dunhar, of Crethmond. created Earl of Erroll, 1452. I 3rd Lord Dalkeith. 7r7 1. w. L.,ny-\Y1LLIA,r,=2 w. LADY Euz.,-=3. w. l\1AR- 1'TICHOLAs,==LADY EuzA- LADY ELIZABETH, man'. Is~\13EL 3rd Earl BETH LE:-;LIE, GARET, 2d Earl of BETH Gort- 1 h. Andrew Lor,l GoRDO:s, of Erroll, dau. of George dau. of Erroll, DON, dau. of Grey ; 2 h. George ~d dau, of ob. 1506. lstEarlofRothes, Andrew died H 70, Alexan,Ier Earl of Huntl_v. George by whom he had Ker, of s. p. 1st Earl of LADY MAIHL\l~ET, man. 2nd Earl Ladv :\farianna, AulY IsA HEL, RET, dau. of EarlofErroll, of Pitcullen, l,y whom he had Lady 5th Earl STUART, dau, rnarr. Sir Alexander by an express Jean, who married, l h. John Les- of Erroll, of John 3rd William Hohertson, of entail, 1574. lie, of Balquaire ; 2 h. James Lord ob. 1530. Earl of' Len- Forhes, uf Strowan. Balfour, of' Clonawlev. nox. Toh1uhuun. L.~------~,.-,7 " l w. L.rnr=rA:,n1rnw,-2_ w. L.,DY JoH'.'< HAY, of l\Iuchils. \\"JLLIAM, LAD\' JASE JA::E lI.n, 7th Earl AGNES GEORGE HAY, of Ardlethen. ob. ,it. lL\ Y, ffHllT, «bu. of uf Erru11. SINCLAIR, Tno;iu.s, parson of 'furreff. pat. Anllrew \Yilliam t!au. of LADY ELIZABETH, marr. l\'illiam Keith, son ith Earl of iith Earl of George of William 4th Earl of Marisha!!. Erroll. Erroll. Earl of L.,nY MARGARET, marr. Lawrenee 4th Lord Caitl1ncss. Oliphant. a 1/, 580 JOHN GURNEY OF KES\VICK. [PART III.

a Li ______l ~----,------,-,7 w. LADY A,:-;=F1u:-.c1s, 8th=2 w. LADY 11Lrn-=j=3 w. LADY AL1cx.,:\DER, ob. GEORGF.:::pEuz,rnETH, STV.\R'l',

<,1 LUERT, 10th Earl of Erroll, ob. L.1DY llfARGARET, DHlrr. Henry Jo1rn, 11th Earl:::pLAI>Y AXNE Dnu~rno:;D, ] i;J 4, s. p. ; marr. Lady Cathe­ Lonl Ker, son of RoLert Earl of Erroll, ob. dau. of James 3rd Earl rin1: Carnegye, dau. of James 2d of RoxLurgh. 1704. of' l'erth. Earl of South csk. r,- C'11 \ltLEs, 12th Earl of Erroll, died ilIARY, Countess of Erroll, oh. 1758, LADY llIAn-=j=J AMES, 5th Earl of unma1Tie

rrTT I Tl J u1Es Lom, HAY, killed at Quatre Bras, L:\DY C.UlOLINE, murr. HoN. AND REv. So­ 17 June, 1815. J uhn lll oraut, .Esc1, of GEORGE, BE1'll ~IERVJLLE HAY, Hos. S.u!UEL Jfay, Capt. 7th Royal Fusiliers. Drockenlmrst, }Iants. ltith Earl FITZ­ marr. Lady Alicia L.rnY ALICIA, ,Jie

PEDIGREE OF BOYD, EARLS OF KIL:\1AllNOCK.

ALAN---T•• •.

W ALTL:It, ht High Steward Srno:-1, J,ruther of W ,u:1'ER.=r', ••• of 9(•(1tl:1J1d. I HOGER HoYT, or lloYD, U05.T ....

RonERT lloYT, UG5,f I HonERT BOYT, 1 srn,., ....

Srn ROBERT BOYD, of Kilmarnock, 130li.T ...• r --, ALAN BOYD, 1330. Sm THO>IAS BOYD, taken prisoner at Durham, 13Jo.=j= .. ,. J,DIES llOYD, 134:2.

W1LLLDI BOYD, ancestor of Boyd, of Snt TnO~[AS IloYD, of Kilrnar-=,=.:lLICE, dau. antl hE>ir of Sir HU!lEHT Badeneath, 13tl6. nock, 140!1, j John Gilford, of Yester. BOYIJ.

S1u T110?1us I:'OYD, of Kilmarnock, hostage for J:.urH~s I.=,=Jo.\.\'A, J~u. uf Sir Julrn i\Iontgornery, uf Artlro:-.sa11.

\VILLIA.H BoYD, Abbot of Glenwinlling. Sm THo,us lloYn, killed HU:s.=i::: .... r SnL-\LEXA:'\"DER BOYD, HoBEIert i\lax­ l\Iax\\ell, of Cal­ Alexander Lon! H6U. favourite for a tin1e. w<.,11,ufCalden,·ood derwood. '.llontgomery. r TT ALEXANIJ!c:!< tlau. of Tuo11As, Earl of Ar-=rl\Luw, dau. · of A1, of Bon­ ANN,\.l\ELI..\ ! Bo YD, of Hales.--1·.Sir .. Uohcrt Col­ ran, created 14G7 ; King James shaw, nia1r. Sir toun and Kil- villP, of Ocdc­ died in exile, after II. ; she after ELIZABETH, rnnrr. John Uur- maruock, l :Hl:2 tree, the overthrow of the marr. J amcs A rchil,ahl, Earl of

Hom:1n, .Jtl1 Loni Boyd, l 5S2.=r~IA!UOTA, dau. of Sir John Colquhoun: of l\lA1tGA1tET, rnnrr. Juhu 1\Iontgurncr_)' 1 I c+!ins. of L,mislmw. ,7 Ro11E1tT, }luster of Boyd, Tno:-ius 5tli1 ~\IAnGARET, 1.lau. Emnu, marr. Hugh, .Jth Earl of Eglintoun. oh. cir. l [,;jll. Lord Born, Iof Sir ;,]ATTIIEW Aa:rns, maIT. Sir John Campbell, of Luss. HoBEllT llo10, of Ba

J.urns, Sth=r'CATHARJNE, Jau: 1 w. l\IARGARET, dau. of' Robert=RoBERT, 6th=F2 w. LADY CHRISTIAN lIAmLTON, Lord Boyd, I of James Crick, Montgomery, ?f Giff;n,_ relict Lord Boyd, I relict ?f, Robert, l Uth Lord Lind- ob. 1654. of York, Esq. of Hugh, 5th Earl of Eglmtoun. ol,. 162:·L scy, of byres, ------,T.+, EvA, 1narr. \\'JLLJAM, 9th=,=LADY JEAN RonERT,=LADY AN:-:E ITJ.:u:N, ol,. lG-17. 8ir llavid Lord Boyd, CUNNING­ 7th Lord FLE:iDUNG, Amms, marr. Sir George }!orrison, of Darisi<:. Cunning­ created Earl n,rn, dau. Boyd, dau. of JEAN, niarr. Sir Alexander J\lorrison, of Prc~ton ham, of of Kil mar- of' William, ob. s. p. J olm, 2d Grange. l{ol,erts­ nock, 1 G0l. Dtlt Earl 1 G40. Earl of l\IARIAN, rnarr. Sir James Dundas, of Arnistoun. land. of Glen- Wigton. lsADEL, rnarr. 1 h. Sir John Sinchtir, of Ste,ell­ eairn. ston ; 2 11. John Uri er, of Lag.

U1rn1STIAN 1 rnarr. Sir William Scott, of Hanler.

4 G 582 JOHN GURXEY OF KESWICK. [PART III.

a ,------'------~------v-~-v------v--- WILLIAM, 2d Earl=LE'.r-TICE, dau. of HoN. CAPT. JAMES Bo YD. LADY MARY, marr. Sir Alexander Maclean. of Kilmarnock, ob. \ Thomas Boyd, of HoN. CAP'l'. CHARLES BOYD. L,rnY CU'HARTNE, marr. Alexander Porten- 1692. Dublin,Merchant HoN. RoBJmT BOYD, field, of Port.enfield. ,---..A..------, Hoel". Tuo~as BOYD, an advocate, marr. Eleanor, ,VILLIAM, 3rd Earl of Kilmarnock,=EuPHEl\1U, dau. of ,vil-

N.B. The Earldom of Calender is a male foe, as is nlso probably the Earldom of Linlitligow; if so, they both centre in Sir 'l'hotnas Li,·ingstone, of ,vest Quarter and Bed Conner.

APPENDIX XCVIII.

DESCENT OF THE GURNEYS OF IrnSWlCK FROM THE GURNEYS OF WEST BARSHAM .

.ANTHONY Gun:infr, Esq., of West Barsbam and I =MARGARET, dau. of Sir Robert Lovel, Knight, died be- Great Ellingham, and of St. Julian's par., Nor• ), I fore 1536. wich, 1511, clied 1556. ) FRANCIS GURNEY, Esq., of Irstead, eldest son, born I =HELEN, dau. of Robert Holditcl1, Esq., marr. 6 Aug., 20th Aug., 1521, diedV. p. ) I 1543. HENRY GURNEY, Esq., of"\'Vest Barsham and Great l =ELLEN, dau. of John Blennerhasset, Esq., dead before Ellingham, born 1548, clied 1623; of St. Julian's · )- I 1614. par., Norwich. ) FRANCIS GURNEY, of London, merchant, 6th son, of J=AcsN, dr. of William Browning, of Norwich, merchant, the parish of St. Benet Fink, 1619 to 1637. j 1615; of Maldon, Essex, 1633. FR.lNCIS GURNA.Y, of Maldon, Essex, second son, l =A:-rN, dau. of Jeremy Browning, of Maldon, 1637. born 1628, bailiff of !Vlaldon, 1664 and 1667. j j JoR:lf GoumrnY, of St. Gregory's parish, Norwich,\ =ELIZ./LilETH SWANTON, mar. 1687, died 1727. eldest son, born 1655, died 1721. J I J6SEPII GURNEY, of Ke.swick, s~cond son, b. 16()2, J=H.1>.NN.1>.H, dau. of ,Joshua Midd1eton, of Newcastle-on- .. clied 1750. I Tyne, mar. 1713, died 1760. JOHN. GURNEY, of Keswick, eldest son, born 1716, J=ELIZAllETE, dau. of Richard Kett, of Norwich, died died 1770. I 1788. For his descendants see page 523.

.582 JOHN GURNEY OF KESWICK, [ PART III.

a 7 WJLLJ.Ul, 2d Earl"rLET1'JCE, dau. of Ho:x. c.,PT. J,DIES BOYD. LADY :11ARY, marr. Sir Alexander Maclean. uf Kilmarnock, oli. Thomas Boyd, of HON. CAPT. Cu,UtLES lloYD. LADY UxrIL\RINE, nw.rr. Alexander Porten­ 16D2. IJuulin, Merchant. Ho:-i. RoDERT BOYD. fiel

WJLLLrn, •1th Earl of Kilmarnock, executed on,LADY AxxE LIVINGSTO'.'IE, dau. an,! heir of James, Earl of Lin­ Tower Hill fur his a,lherenee to Charles Edward, I lithgow and Calernler, by Lady Margaret Hay, dau. and evcn- 17 4U. tually heiress of John, 12th Earl of Erroll. 7 J.urns Loiw lloYil 1 succeeded as 1-ith Earl of Erroll. See PcJigrcc of Erroll for his HON. CHARLES BOYD, (le~cenclants. I-lox. WILLIA)! BOYD.

~. B. The Earldom of Calender is a male fee, as is also prohahly the Earldom of Linlithgow ; if so, they both centre in Sir Tlwmas Livingstone, of \Vest Quarter and Bed Conner.

APPENDIX XCVIII. ON THE DESCENT OF THE GURNEYS OF KESWICK FROM FRANCIS GURNEY OF Lr. MERCHANT. The Gurneys of Keswick are descended Francis Gurney of Londor from John Gurney or Gourney, who was born This appears by an extrar in 1655, and who settled in Norwich, having ings of the heralds' been apprenticed there. The pedigree which 1G33, attested by T' established his descent from the Gurneys of by his father's · \Vest l3arsham was formerly in possession of (p. 524). r of the family, and a near connection, who hacl \Villiam _.....,-rwich, frequently seen it, informed the author of this and .. d several H.ecord, many years since, that this document q of Maldon carried the family back for centuries; more­ ..fs by the parish over, that John Gurney had come from MaJr' .,k in London, where 111 Essex to Norwich. Every inquiry w:> heralds' visitation for f ~his pedigree, but it was 1rrecovr .1ch contains an account of An elderly member of the Gur· , f of J\Ialdon and his family, formed the writer that the F nimself (p. 537). This Francis nerhassets) were near relat · Jf Maldon also married a Browning ; and that they lived at a P· John Gurney, his eldest son, was born the

Tower, in Heigham, near Nor. , .11 October, 1655, and was undoubtedly the piece of information led to the cc ancestor of the present family of Gurney; the

John Gurney was descended from " 0 er register of his birth and baptism at Maldon son of Henry Gurney, Esq. I. of \Ve," Bar­ exactly tallying with that of his burial in the sham and Great Ellingham (p. 458) and Ellen Quakers' register at Norwich, where he is 13lennerhasset his wife. This Henry Gurney stated to have died on December 12, 1721,

Friends at and near Maldon, and others, are don, George Gurnay having married Mary a ware the Gurneys left that place and went to Ettleston,'.widow, in 1660, at St. Peter's parish, reside at Norwich towards the end of the Maldon, as appears by the register. This : seventeenth century. family continued their connection with the A John Gurney died a bachelor at Maldon Gurneys when they removed to Norwich, as I in 1681, and his brother administered to his find John Gurney of Norwich staying at Theo­ effects. These were brothers of Francis Gur­ dore Ettleston's in London, and Elizabeth ney of Mal don, and could not have been his Gurney drawing a draft on John Ettleston iu sons, as Thomas Gurney his son was not of 1716 (p. 545). age in 1681, and could not therefore have The family of Ferrier of Yarmouth, descended taken out letters of administration. It seems from Ellen Gurney, one of the coheirs of \Vest likely John Gurney of Norwich, who was I3arsham (p. 479), have always considered the named after this uncle, may, have inherited Gurneys of Keswick as related to them, and in­ ppoperty from him. deed the line of proof, as here given, is entirely A family of the name of Ettleston or Eccles­ conclusive ; and I have therefore so stated it ton was connected with the Gurneys of Mal- in the text.

APPENDIX XCIX. ON A MONUMENT AT EARLHAM CHURCH, NORFOLK. A remarkable illustration of the low estate side of the chancel of the church there is the of the younger branches of gentlemen's families following inscription, with a coat of arms, two occurs at Earlham, near Norwich : on the out- chevrons :- 1--~ -- -~- - --~-

IN :\IE)IOH.Y OF G.\.SELF.Y PAYNELL, GEN1'. 01" BELAUGII, IN CO:'.\I. NORFF. IN wno:i.r THAT P.DIILY IS EXTI~CT, WHO SERl'ED HIS GOD IS THE QUALITY OF SERVA~T TO WALLER BACO", ESQ, OF THIS PLACE • • • YEARS, OBIJT , WISD01[, v. 4, AND iii. 3.-·WE :FOOLS ACCOUSTED HIS LIFE ::\IADNEss, AND HIS END TO BE WITHOUT IIO:\:OllR; Bl'T HE IS AT 1-'EACE. Here in all probability was a descendant of Keswick (p. 556) and his wife, sprung from the the ancient and illustrious Norman race of ancient family of :Middleton, always attended 1-'aganel or Paynell. It is worthy of observa- the Quakers' meeting at Norwich in something- tion how strong the love of ancestry is under of aristocratic state-in the family coach-the such circumstances. Indeed in the Gurneys of lady habited in the richest silk dresses of dark former generatioq.,s_!h_is appeared in despite of purple; and the higher seats were always re­ the restraints i~-' .fosepq Gurney of tained for them. JOH~ GURNEY OF KESWICK. IPART III.

APPENDIX C.

Since printing the account of Francis Gur­ No. 2. ney of London, page 524, the following docu­ 11 July, 9 Chas. I. (1634). Indenture be­ ments respecting him have been obtained from tween "Fraunces Gurnay, of London, Mar­ the records of the Court of \'Yards in the Rolls chant Taylour," and Sir Owen Smith, of Ir­ Chapel; by the latter, it appears be was a mem­ mingland, in the county of Norfolk. 'IVhcl·eas ber of the Merchant Taylors' Company. the said Francis Gurnay had ( on the day pre­ vious) sold an1l granted to John Robinson (of No. I. Sall, Norfolk) all his manors, lands, &c. in the :i Augu,st, 1623. Bond by Francis Gurnaye, counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, for the term of the city of London, merchant, to Sir Owen of one month, the said Francis G1,1rnay, for Smyth, of Irminglan, Norfolk, for £100: To £1,00U to him paid by the said Sir Owen 1 release and bear harmless the said Sir Owen ! Smith, grants, assigns, and sets over all his from the joint bomi in which he was bound with , aforesaid manors, lands, &c. to the said Sir

1 the said Francis Gurnaye to pay £50 to Sir Owen Smith, his heirs, &c. to t11eir only proper Ilamon le Stran.ge, of Hunstanton, Norfolk, on use and behoof. Seal gone. the 29lh Sep:ember 1625. (Signed) FRA: GuHNAY. (Signed) FttA: GuR~AY.

END OF PART III.