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Distribution, Abundance and Adaptations of Three Species of Actiniidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) on an Intertidal Beach Rock in Carneiros Beach, Pernambuco, Brazil

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Distribution, Abundance and Adaptations of Three Species of Actiniidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) on an Intertidal Beach Rock in Carneiros Beach, Pernambuco, Brazil Miscel.lania Zoologica 21.2 (1998) 65 Distribution, abundance and adaptations of three species of Actiniidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) on an intertidal beach rock in Carneiros beach, Pernambuco, Brazil P. B. Gomes, M. J. Belém & E. Schlenz Gornes, P. B., Belérn, M. J. & Schlenz, E., 1998. Distribution, abundance and adaptations of three species of Actiniidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) on an intertidal beach rock in Carneiros beach, Pernarnbuco, Brazil. Misc. Zool., 21.2: 65-72. Distribution, abundance and adaptations of three species of Actiniidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) on an intertidal beach rock in Carneiros beach, Pernambuco, Brazi1.- Bunodosoma cangicum Correa in Belém & Preslercravo, 1973; Actinia bermudensis (McMurrich, 1889) and Anthopleura krebsi Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 were studied in an intertidal beach rock at Carneiro's beach, Pernambuco, Brazil. According to the environrnental factors five rnicrohabitats occupied by the species were identified. Randorn surveys were made and a framework was used to calculate the mean specific density of each species in the different habitats. Ten specirnens of each species were rneasured. The Mann-Whitneytest was used to compare size and density of B. cangicum frorn different habitats. Specirnens of B. cangicum were found in three different habitats, with the lowest density (1.1 ind/m2) and the lowest size (1.2x3.8 cm, diam x height) in pools on the flats of the beach rock, exposed to the sun and to the rainfall. In this habitat, there was an increase in the ternperature and salinity of water during dry seasons and the species was almost absent during rainy seasons. In habitats 4 and 5, which were more protected, the mean density was 6.0 and 6.4 and the mean size of 4.5x6.3 cm and 5.3x6.4 cm, respectively. A. krebsi was present in two habitats with high density (24.5 ind/m2)in the habitat with longest air exposure time and this density seerns to be associated with asexual reproduction.A. bermudensis was present in only one habitat with low density (1.4 ind/rn2)and size of 2.0x2.2 cm. No differences were observed in the statistical cornparison of the density of B. cangicum in two protected zones (P > 0.05) which were thus used as one and cornpared with another unprotected zone. The resulfs showed significant differences (P 10.05). The comparison of size showed differences among the three zones (P 10.05). Key words: Actiniaria, Ecology, Pernambuco. Brazil (Rebut: 14 X 97; Acceptació condicional: 27 IV 98; Acc. definitiva: 1 XII 98) Paula Braga Gomes, Laboratório de Biología de Cnidarios, Depto. Cs. Mar, Fac. Cs. Ex. y Nat., UNMdfj Funes 3250-7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina (Argentine).- Maria Julia da Costa Belém, Retired ProfessorlUFRl, Caixa Postal 24.030, CEP20.522-970, Rio de Janeiro-RI, Brasil (BrazilJ. - Erika Schlenz, Depto. de Zoologia, Inst. de Bioci@ncias,USP Caixa Postal 1 1.461, CEP05422-970, Sáo Paulo-Sfj Brasil (Braziu. ISSN: 021 1-6529 O 1998 Museu de Zoologia Gomes et al. lntroduction ered during low tide, five zones were identi- fied, according to environmental conditions, Benthic organisms like sea-anemones are sub- forming different microhabitats. These zones mitted to environmental factors that influence did not represent the total area of the beach or determine their distribution, such as the rock but the more conspicuous habitats oc- type of substrate and competitivity for it. The cupied by sea-anemones. fluctuation of tides is also important because The study area was located on the south it influences food availability, gamets and lar- coast of the State of Pernambuco, which has val dispersion and some adaptation is required warm humid weather with temperatures vary- to resist or avoid wave and current action ing from 25°C to 30°C with an average about WAINWRIGH& KOEHL, 1976). Several studies have 26OC; two defined seasons throughout the year. evaluated the actions of these factors. STOTZ one dry (September-February) and one rainy (1979) analysed the zonation of three species (March-August) and a high mean annual rain- of sea-anemones correlating with their mor- fall of about 2,500 mm. The water temperature phological adaptations. HARRIS(1991) consid- varied from 25°C to 32°C reaching 34°C in sum- ered that water flow is a factor of speciation mer in the shallow rock pool in the flats of in some populations of Metridíum senile beach rock. and salinity fluctuated in the ap- Linneus, 1767. These studies were intensified proximate range of 36.4%~- 37%~. on organisms of the intertidal zone, which present higher stress dueto desiccation than those that are submerged (BARNESet al., 1963). Material and methods The intertidal zone is a special place because the intertidal organisms need to develop mor- On the basis of previous work (COMES& MAYAL, phological, physiological and behavioural ad- 1997) and according to observations of envi- aptations to survive in this environment. The ronmental factors, five zones were identified principal adaptations developed by intertidal during low tides representing different sea-anemones are related to: 1. Reproductive microhabitats on the beach rock. The char- biology with different reproductive patterns acteristics of each microhabitat were ana- (SHICKet al, 1979); 2. Different strategies for lysed and correlated with the species presents colonization (SEBENS,1982); 3. lntra and and their size and density. interspecific aggression generally associated to Three species were studied: Bunodosoma the presence of marginal spherulae (BIGGER, cangicum Correa in Belém & Preslercravo, 1980; BRACE,1981); 4. The search for new 1973; Anthopleura krebsi Duchassaing & habitats by displacernent capacity (FUJII, 1985; Michelotti, 1860 and Actinia bermudensis WILLIAMS,1992) and 5. Several mechanisms to (McMurrich, 1889). decrease the wave and desiccation action Randorn surveys were carried out in the (OTTAWAY,1973; ZAMPONI,1981 ). study area on the following dates: 3 Vlll93, The present paper examines how envi- 18 IX 93, 14 X 93 and 12 1 94. The tempera- ronmental conditions influence the distribu- ture and salinity of water were rneasured in tion of three intertidal species of sea-anemo- August 93 (rainy season) and January 94 (dry nes from a beach rock at Carneiros beach season). The following measurements were (State of Pernarnbuco, Brazil) and the adap- made at each time point and in each of the tations developed by each species in differ- five microhabitats: ent microhabitats. 1. The diameter just above the pedal disk and the height of ten specimens of each species was measured. The specimens were Study area randomly selected among sea anemones with common aspect, avoiding specimens con- The area studied was an intertidal beach rock tracted or with distended column. (sensu GUILCHER,1985) at Carneiros beach 2. A framework (50x50 cm) was randomly (8"45' S 35'05' W), State of Pernambuco, Bra- positioned ten times and al1 sea anemones zil. It was 46 m long, 11 m wide and 0.60 m present were counted. high (maximum height). It was submerged al1 For each species in each microhabitat, the year round during high tide. When uncov- specific density (De) was calculated, accord- Miscel.lania Zoologica 21.2 (1998) 67 ing to ODUM(1959). Only the mean specific posed for two or three hours, but sea- density is presented since the seasonal fluc- anemones were permanently submerged in tuations are usually caused by varied repro- the pools, not suffering desiccation. These ductive patterns or different mechanisms of pools had the temperature and salinity of settlement of larvas and juveniles. water affected by exposure to the sun and Finally, a Mann-Whitney test (SOKAL& ROHLF, rainfall, during low tides. 1981) was applied with a significant level of Species present: B. cangicum (De = 1.1 ind/m2). 0.05 to compare the size and density of B. Observations: during rainy seasons the cangicum in different microhabitats at each mean temperature in these pools was 32OC time point. when sea water was 29°C. During dry sea- This was done to determine whether there sons there was an increase in water tempera- were differences between the protected and ture (34OC in pools and 32°C in sea-water) unprotected zone. B. cangicum was the only with a slight increase in salinity in the pools species used because of its distribution in from 36.7%0to 36.9%~.The number of sea- three habitats. A. krebsi was present in two anemones in this habitat decreased during habitats but the density and size of this spe- the rainy season. cies is influenced by its capacity for asexual reproduction. For the comparison of size, Habitat 3 only diameter was used since it is more sta- ble than the height of the sea-anemone. Characteristicr: horizontal crevices on the lateral wall on the shore side. Wave action: no wave action in this habitat. Results Time of air exposure: very prolonged; this was the last sector to be submerged. According to environmental conditions, Species present: A. krebsi (De = 24.5 ind/m2). five different microhabitats occupied by sea Observations: density of this anemone was anemones were identified on the beach high, forming a gregarious population in rock. the crevices with 0.40-0.50 m high. Habitat 1 Habitat 4 Characteristics: small caverns in the lateral Characteristics: great crevice of 0.60 m deep wall on the sea side. perpendicular to the ocean. The sea-anemo- Wave action: very strong during the rise nes were low on the lateral walls. of the tide, but the caverns provided protec- Wave action: very little; there was a small tion for sea-anemones. channel at low tide and rising tide. Time of air exposure: short, as it was the Time of air exposure: individuals located first sector of the beach rock covered by at the bottom of the crevice were covered by water.
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