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Appendix I: Site Synopses

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Appendix I: Site Synopses APPENDIX I: SITE SYNOPSES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT OF THE GALWAY COUNTY DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2009-2015 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT For: Galway County Council County Buildings Prospect Hill Galway By: CAAS (Environmental Services) 4th Floor, 7 Red Cow Lane Smithfield Dublin 7 APRIL 2009 Includes Ordnance Survey Ireland data reproduced under OSi Licence Number 2003/07CCMA/Galway County Council. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Ordnance Survey Ireland and Government of Ireland copyright. © Ordnance Survey Ireland Appendix I of the Environmental Report of the Galway CDP 2009-2015 SEA: Site Synopses Site Synopses 1 Candidate Special Areas of Conservation the Aran Islands, some of these species were thought to have been extinct in Ireland. Six pairs of flocking Chough Site Name: Inishmaan Island were sighted off the cliffs to the west of the Island. Two Site Code: 000212 breeding pairs of this species are known to be present on Inishmaan is the middle of the three Aran Islands, situated the Island. The Island is also important for breeding terns, approximately 15km off the west coast of County Clare. with seven pairs of Arctic Tern and three pairs of Little Tern Geologically, the Island is an extension of the Burren. The known to occur. All three species mentioned are listed shallow soil is a man-made combination of sand and under Annex I of the European Birds Directive. Seabirds seaweed built up over the centuries. Pockets of rendzina which can be regularly seen around the Island include are found throughout the limestone pavement. This site is of Cormorant, Shag, Fulmar and a range of Gull species. major scientific importance owing to the range of Inland habitats support Sparrowhawk, Kestrel, Raven, outstanding Karstic Carboniferous Limestone and coastal Dunnock, Wren, Pied Wagtail, Stonechat and Wheatear. In habitats, many of which are listed as priority and Annex I all, 39 species of bird were recorded during the NHA survey habitats under the European Habitats Directive. The site is in 1993. Agricultural intensity is lowest on Inishmaan, dominated by limestone pavement and its associated compared with the other two Islands. The majority of the calcareous grasslands. Other Annex I habitats which occur land is used as winterage for cattle, sheep and, in some include dry heath, lowland hay meadows and orchid-rich places, goats. The fields located close to the houses are calcareous grassland. A network of small, stone-walled fields used for summer grazing. This low-impact farming, dissect the Island. Each field encloses an area of limestone combined with the absence of fertiliser, has maintained the pavement interspersed with fine examples of species-rich, species-richness and high diversity of the Island flora. A dry calcareous grasslands. In places, the rocky grasslands move towards agricultural intensification would see the support Rare plant species: Hairy Violet (Viola hirta) and deterioration of this unique environment. The survival of the Wood Small-reed (Calamagrostis epigejos). Both species are complement of Rare arable weeds which occur here depends legally protected under the Flora Protection Order (1987). on continuation of the current traditional practice of rye Common species include Blue Moor-grass (Sesleria albicans) cultivation for thatching. Plans to develop the Island for and Eyebright (Euphrasia spp.), along with Knapweeds tourism and amenity require close monitoring, in order to (Centaurea nigra and C. scabiosa), Orchids (Orchidaceae), safeguard the wildlife and scientific value of Inishmaan. Bloody Cranesbill (Geranium sanguineum) and Spring Inishmaan is of considerable scientific interest primarily for Gentian (Gentiana verna). The southern part of the Island the wide range of good quality habitats which occur, and the supports the highest proportion of these calcareous floristic richness of many of these habitats. The Island meadows. Dry limestone heath has developed in places, with supports an impressive array of critically rare and threatened Ling Heather (|Calluna vulgaris), Bell Heather (Erica plant species. The cultural heritage of Inishmaan (and in cinerea), Purple Moor-grass and Black Bog Rush (Schoenus particular the continuation of traditional, low-intensity nigricans) recorded from this habitat. Hoary Rockrose farming practices) is intrinsically linked with its scientific (Helianthemum canum), a species listed in the Irish Red interest. The Island is also of high scenic and amenity Data Book, occurs regularly throughout the dry heath and value. alpine heath habitats on the Island. Elsewhere on rocky 16.1.1997 crevices are found two other Red Data Book species: Pyramidal Bugle (Ajuga pyramidalis) and Musk Thistle Site Name: Inishmore Island (Carduus nutans). The range of Annex I coastal habitats Site Code: 000213 present includes sea cliffs, embryonic dunes, Marram dunes, Inishmore Island is the largest of the three Aran Islands, shingle and stony beaches, and machair. The latter is a situated approximately 8km off the south coast of County priority habitat under the Habitats Directive. This coastal Galway. Geologically an extension of the Burren, Co. Clare, grassland, or machair habitat, is characterised by a species- the Island is formed of Upper Carboniferous limestone rich, dry calcareous grassland, with a short turf and a low strata, interleaved with layers of shale and clay. In places abundance of sand-binding species such as Marram Grass along the coast, splendid cliffs rise to 90m. A thin cover of (Ammophila arenaria). Machair is also an important rendzina occurs in pockets between blocks of bare invertebrate and breeding bird habitat. The coastal habitats limestone. This soil is combined with a mixture of sand and play host to a number of Rare plant species, including Purple seaweed to form a unique man-made soil cover, built up Milk-vetch (Astragalus danicus) and Hairy Violet, both of over the centuries. The site includes a large area of marine which are legally protected under the Flora Protection Order waters surrounding the island. The site is a candidate SAC (1987). Purple Milk-vetch is confined to Inishmaan and selected for lagoon, fixed dune, machair, orchid-rich Inishmore, where it occurs on machair and sandy places grassland and limestone pavement, all priority habitats on close to the sea. Another rarity found on the coastal sands Annex I of the E.U. Habitats Directive. The site is also and shingle is the Red Data Book species Sea Kale (Crambe selected as a candidate SAC for other habitats listed on maritima). Traditional farming practices, in the form of rye Annex I of the directive – lowland hay meadows, perennial cultivation for thatching, has maintained suitable habitat for vegetation of stony banks, reefs, sea cliffs, shifting dunes, a number of Rare and threatened arable weeds. Darnel Marram dunes, dune slack, dunes with Creeping Willow, (Lolium temulentum), Smooth Brome (Bromus racemosus), marine caves, alpine heath and dry heath. In addition, the Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) and Bristle Oat (Avena site is also selected as a candidate SAC for Vertigo angustior, strigosa) all occur on Inishmaan. All four species are listed an animal listed on Annex II of the E.U. Habitats Directive. in The Irish Red Data Book and, prior to their discovery on Inishmore has many good examples of submerged reef communities that are extremely exposed to wave action. On the infralittoral reef are two exceptional communities. 1 National Parks and Wildlife (various) Site Synopses Ireland’s only recorded example of a population of sublittoral for candidate Special Areas of Conservation Dublin: purple sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus) is on the west of the island, while at the reef in Blind Sound, is Ireland’s best Government of Ireland CAAS for Galway County Council 2 Appendix I of the Environmental Report of the Galway CDP 2009-2015 SEA: Site Synopses example of an extremely exposed, shallow, infralittoral places close to the sea. It is confined to Inishmore and community that is dominated by a forest of the brown Inishmaan and is legally protected under the Flora seaweed, Alaria esculenta, with a red seaweed and anemone Protection Act (1999). Sea Kale (Crambe maritima) occurs turf. Rare species are present in the infralittoral reef on coastal sands and shingle around the island; Hairy Violet community, including soft corals, sea fans and anemones. (Viola hirta) and Bee Orchid (Ophrys apifera) can be found In deeper water, there are many unusual and fragile among the coastal grasslands. All three species are listed in circalittoral reef communities. Communities that are the Irish Red Data Book, and Hairy Violet is legally protected characterized by the rare sea fan, Eunicella verrucosa, are under the Flora Protection Order (1999). Traditional farming widespread and species rich despite their fragility. A practices, in the form of rye cultivation for thatching, has number of other notable circalittoral species are found, maintained suitable habitat for a number of rare and including sponges, hydroids, nudibranchs, soft corals and threatened arable weeds. Darnel (Lolium temulentum), ascidians. Large submerged marine caves on the south east Smooth Brome (Bromus racemosus), Cornflower (Centaurea coast are unusually species rich (76 species recorded) and cyanus) and Bristle Oat (Avena strigosa) all occur on are characterized by a diverse fauna of sponges, hydroids, Inishmore. All four species are listed in The Irish Red Data bryozoans, soft corals, anemones, nudibranchs, echinoderms Book and, prior to their discovery on the Aran Islands, some and ascidians. Some of the caves extend back as far as 20 of these species were thought to have been extinct in to 30 metres. They are probably the best known sea caves Ireland. The birdlife of Inishmore is considered to be of in Ireland. Limestone pavement and its associated plant international significance, due to the presence of significant communities dominate the upland area to the south of the numbers of bird species listed under Annex I of the Island. The limestone pavement includes smooth-blocky European Birds Directive. Chough, Little Tern, Arctic Tern and shattered types.
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