48031

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT THE WORLD BANK

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP)

SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1. GENERAL ...... 1 1.2. BACKGROUND TO ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT STUDIES ...... 2 1.3. DEVELOPMENT OF EA REPORTS ...... 3 2. PROJECT COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION ...... 4 2.1. SUMMARY OF YUEP COMPONENTS...... 4 2.2. WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SECTOR...... 6 2.3. SOLID WASTE SECTOR ...... 7 2.4. RIVER WORKS SECTOR ...... 7 2.5. OTHER PROJECTS ...... 8 2.6. PROJECT OWNER, INVESTMENT COST AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN...... 9 3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SITUATION...... 11 3.1. YUNNAN PROVINCE ...... 11 3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS IN PROJECT CITY – ...... 12 3.3. ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS IN PROJECT CITY - ...... 13 3.4. ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS IN PROJECT CITY - WENSHAN ...... 14 3.5. DAM RELATED ...... 15 4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ...... 16 4.1. ANTICIPATED BENEFITS FROM YUEP ...... 16 4.2. IMPACTS ASSOCIATED TO PROJECT LOCATION ...... 17 4.3. IMPACTS & MITIGATIONS ASSOCIATED TO CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ...... 19 4.4. IMPACTS & MITIGATIONS ASSOCIATED TO OPERATION PHASE...... 22 4.4.1. Water Supply Sector ...... 22 4.4.2. Wastewater Treatment Sector...... 22 4.4.3. Solid Waste Sector...... 23 4.4.4. River Works...... 25 4.4.5. Others Projects...... 25 5. ENVIRONMENT RISK ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION MEASURE ...... 27 5.1. WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE PROJECTS ...... 27 5.2. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT AND ITS DRAINAGE SYSTEM PROJECTS...... 28 5.3. CITY MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PROJECTS ...... 29 6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES...... 31 6.1. ALTERATIVE ANALYSIS FOR WATER SUPPLY PROJECT ...... 31 6.2. ALTERATIVE ANALYSIS FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT PROJECT ...... 33 6.3. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS FOR SOLID WASTE PROJECT...... 37 6.4. ALTERATIVE ANALYSIS FOR RIVER WORKS PROJECT ...... 39 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 41 7.1. METHOD AND APPROACH...... 41 7.2. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 42 8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 44

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8.1. ORGANIZATION ...... 44 8.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ACTIVITIES ...... 46 8.3. CAPACITY BUILDING...... 52 8.4. COSTS ...... 52

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1: Project Components of the YUEP Project ...... 4 Table 2-2: Summary Description for the water supply, draining and sewage treatment Subcomponents ...... 6 Table 2-3: Summary Description for the Solid waste Disposal Subcomponents...... 7 Table 2-4: Summary Description for River Works Project...... 7 Table 2-5: Summary Description for the other subcomponents...... 8 Table 2-6: Subcomponents’ Project Owners, total cost, and implementation plans of YUEP...... 9 Table 3-1: Main economic indicators of project cities in 2004 ...... 11 Table 3-2: Concerned Dams and Basic Status ...... 15 Table 4-1: Reduction for Each Region ...... 16 Table 4-2: cultural physical resource triggerred by YUEP ...... 18 Table 4-3: Nature Habitats triggerred in YUEP ...... 19 Table 4-4: Sludge Disposal ways ...... 23 Table 4-5: Leachate Disposal Methods...... 24 Table 6-1: Alternatives Comparison for the Installation of Water Supply Pipeline in ...... 32 Table 6-2: Technically and Economically Comparison of for the Two Process Alternatives ...... 32 Table 6-3: Selected Sewer Network Alternative...... 34 Table 6-4: WWTP site selection alternative Comparison...... 36 Table 6-5: DSW Treatment Methods Alternatives Comparison ...... 38 Table 6-6: The site selected for municipal DSW management sub-component...... 38 Table 7-1: The Results of the two rounds of Public Participation ...... 42 Table 8-1: Environment Monitor Planning for Water Supply, Municipal WW and Drainage Projects...... 48 Table 8-2: Environment Monitor Planning for Integrated Water Environmental Renovation Projects ...... 48 Table 8-3: Environment Monitor Planning for DSW Management Projects...... 49 Table 8-4: Environment Monitor Planning for Integrated environmental renovation of Lion Mountain in Ancient Town of Lijiang City ...... 50 Table 8-5: Summary of EMP Budgets for YUEP...... 53

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 8-1: Project rganization chart ...... 46

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ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS

ABBREVIATIONS BOT Built, Operate & Transfer CEA Consolidated Environmental Assessment CSEE Construction Supervision Environmental Engineer CSEMP Construction Site Environmental Management Plan DI Design Institute DRA Design Review and Advisory (services) EA Environmental Assessment EMC Environmental Management Coordinator EMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring Station EPB Environmental Protection Bureau ESU Environmental Supervision Unit FS Feasibility Study IA Implementation Agency IPP Indigenous People’s Plan KMUST Kunming University of Science and Technology NCP Nuisance Control Plan NDRC National Development and Reform Commission PCLG Project Coordination Leading Group PIP Project Implementation Plan PMO Project Management Office PO Project Owner POIU Project Owner Implementation Unit PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPP Project Procurement Plan PRC The People’s Republic of China RAP Resettlement Action Plan SA Social Assessment SE Supervision Engineer SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SRS Standard Site Inspection Review Sheet SW Solid Waste STP Sewage Treatment Plant TOR Terms of Reference WB World Bank WS Water Supply WTP Water Treatment Plant WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant YDRC Yunnan Development and Reform Commission YEPB Yunnan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau YUEP Yunnan Urban Environment Project

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CURRENCIES, WEIGHTS & MEASURES MU Area Unit (0.0667 ha) RMB Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) USD United States Dollar Conversion rate: 1 USD = 7.9 RMB Db decibel ha hectare mg/L milligram per liter km kilometer

km2 square kilometer

m2 square meter mm millimeter m/s meter per second m3/day cubic meter per day t/y ton per year

CHEMICAL ABBREVIATIONS A²/O Anaerobic-anoxic-oxic biologic phosphorus & nitrogen removal BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days) COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COD Cr COD measured through reduction with dichromate acid COD Mn Permanganate index NH3-N Ammonia Nitrogen NO2 Nitrogen dioxide SS Suspended Solids TP Total Phosphorus TSS (or TSP) Total Suspended Solids (or Total Suspended Particulates)

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. GENERAL

Yunnan is situated in the southwest of China, adjacent to the provinces of , , andTibet, and with external borders with , Buma, and Viet Nam. It has abundant natural resources, a distinct cultural heritage and a significant population constituted by ethnic minorities. With an area covering 394,000 km2, the province is divided into 16 prefectures (cities) administering 129 counties (districts, towns), among which 73 are classified as “national poverty” counties. Total population by the end of 2005 was 44.15 million, out of which about 11.64 million were urban resident (26.36%) and 14 million were ethnic minorities (31.71%). By the end of 2005, GDP reached 347.2 billion (RMB), representing 7833 RMB per person approximately 60% of national average level.

With increasing urbanization, economical development and welfare improvement, environmental degradation has become severe and is now seen as a major threat to further socio-economic development. In particular, and river pollution adjacent to the major cities of Yunnan such as Kunming is particularly severe. Although there has been significant investment in treatment facilities, partially financed by previous World Bank loans such as the Yunnan Environment Project, and a strengthening of environmental protection organizations, significant parts of the main watersheds are today at or below the Class V Standard for water quality (the lowest class within China’s water quality classification system). Moreover, the accelerating process of urbanization and tourism development is exceeding the existing treatment capacity of the existing municipal infrastructure, putting even greater pressure on the aquatic environment.

During the 9th and 10th FYP, Yunnan has implemented industrial pollution control and municipal infrastructure, environment and water quality monitoring, agency capacity building projects such as the ” Yunnan Environment Project” (YEP), partially financed by the of WB. A particular emphasis at this stage was the protection of Dianchi Lake watershed. As a result of this successful collaboration, the Yunnan Provincial Government has sought further assistance from the World Bank to support the Yunnan Urban Environment Project (YUEP). Whereas the former project concentrated on Kunming and the Lake Dianchi Basin area, this new project is concerned primarily with river/lake basins and prefectures outside of the provincial capital. This in part reflects the desire of YPG and the World Bank to provide assistance to other regions within the Province, hitherto little supported in terms of environmental infrastructure upgrading and also as Kunming and Dianchi Lake Basin is receiving support from other funding agencies in this respect (notably through the Asian Development Bank and through the Japanese Government).

The YUEP project is designed to accelerate urban infrastructure development and improve the integrated environmental management of Yunnan Province, thereby significantly improving the environmental conditions and quality of life in the concerned cities through the following: • Improvement of the current water supply and meeting the future water demand necessary to achieve the social and economic development targets; • Reduction of the water resource deficit through advanced treatment of wastewater and reuse of treated effluent;

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WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

• Improvement of municipal wastewater and solid waste collection with benefits in terms of urban quality of life and public health; • Improvement of wastewater treatment efficiency with beneficial effects on the water quality of the concerned rivers; • Enhancement of river quality and landscape in urban areas with direct effects on the quality of life of nearby residents; • Safe disposal of solid municipal waste with leachate and landfill gas control and management reducing pollution load to surface and underground water and abatement of GHG released in the atmosphere.

The YUEP covers a variety of sectors (construction of water supply pipe networks and sewer networks, sewage treatment, city refuse collection and disposal, river comprehensive treatment, rural non point source treatment, environment comprehensive treatment etc) distributed within the watershed of Dianchi and within 3 prefectures of Kunming, Lijiang and Wenshan.

1.2. BACKGROUND TO ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT STUDIES

Relevant regulatory, policy and administrative requirements for environmental assessment of development projects in China, both at the state and municipal levels, were followed during the preparation and evaluation of environmental assessment, as were the World Bank’s ten safeguard policies. Most relevant laws and regulations applied in the EA are as follows: • Laws of Environmental Protection of the PRC of December 26, 1989; • Law of Air Pollution Control of the PRC of September 1,2000; • Law of Water Pollution Control of the PRC of May 15, 1996; • Law of Environmental Noise Pollution Control of the PRC of March 1, 1997; • Management Regulations on Environmental Protection for Construction Projects of November 18,1998; • Circulation on Strengthening EIA for Construction Projects Receiving International Financing of 1993; • Technical Specifications for Environmental Impact Assessment; • Scenic Sites Management Guides;

Of the ten World Bank safeguard policies, Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01), Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12), Indigenous people (OP4.20), Natural Habitats (OP4.04) and Cultural Property (OP4.11) are applied in the EA. Since there are no project components that would involve forest, pest control chemicals, dam safety or construction in disputed areas as defined under the World Bank’s OP7.60, safeguard policies related to these subjects are not applied in the EA. Relevant international environmental agreements in which China is a signing party have also been included where applicable as a basis for the EA.

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WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

1.3. DEVELOPMENT OF EA REPORTS

At the overall level, two consultants have been responsible for EA documentation development: • KUST (Kunming University of Science and Technology) who have been contracted by YEPMO to develop the overall EA documentation in both Chinese and English and to develop sectoral TORS and provide assistance to guide the development of individual EAs; • G8/SCE the DRA Consultant who have reviewed and advised on the development of individual EAs and assisted KMUST in the development of the overall EA documentation.

In terms of EA and RAP, G8/SCE were responsible for providing DRA Services covering the whole scope of YUEP2. With respect to the preparation of EA documentation the following documents will be provided for World Bank Appraisal of YUEP2:

• EA Summary (prepared by G8/SCE); • Consolidated EA (prepared by Kunming University of Science and Technology, KUST and reviewed by G8/SCE); • EMP (prepared by KUST and reviewed by G8/SCE)

The Sub-EA reports are written by different agencies of: (1) Kunming Municipal Institute of Environmental Science, (2) Yunnan Provincial Science &Technology Development Center, (3) , (4) Yunnan Provincial Environmental Science &Technology Service Centre, (5) Yunnan Provincial Environmental Science &Technology Service Centre.

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WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

2. PROJECT COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

2.1. SUMMARY OF YUEP COMPONENTS

YUEP project is composed by the following sub-projects in water supply, wastewater treatment, river works, solid waste and environmental monitoring capability strengthen in four cities:

TABLE 2-1: PROJECT COMPONENTS OF THE YUEP PROJECT

Type Kunming Lijiang Wenshan prefecture No.2 WWTP in Lijiang City Urban sewerage in Wenshan County water Urban sewer in Yulong County WWTP and Water Supply in Qiubei County supply, WWTP in draining and sewage treatment (12) WWTP in

Integrated water environmental renovation In Putting River

Integrated Basin in Funing County water Integrated water environmental renovation In Lake

environment Puzhehei of Qiubei County al renovation (4)

City solid SWTP of SWTP of Lijiang City SWTP in Fu'ning County waste SWTP of XundianCounty treatment and disposal SWTP of Luquan County

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Type Kunming Lijiang Wenshan prefecture

(8)

Monitoring and management support others Integrated environmental renovation of Lion Capacity building in environmental monitoring and system for total water pollutants control in Mountain in ancient Lijiang City supervision system of Wenshan Prefecture (4) Lake Dianchi Basin

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2.2. WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SECTOR

TABLE 2-2: SUMMARY DESCRIPTION FOR THE WATER SUPPLY, DRAINING AND SEWAGE TREATMENT SUBCOMPONENTS Planning Living sewage Planning Cities and service Name of Project production treatment Pipeline network length L/m, pipe diameter d/mm Prefectures population 3 －1 3 －1 /m ·d scale/m ·d /10,000person Sewage interception network of Phase I：L＝112300,d200～1800 2015：18.66 2015：20000 2015：20000 No.2 WWTP in Lijiang C WWTP extension and urban sewage interceptors of phase II：L＝ 2025：27.81 2025：50000 2025：50000 45950,d100～500 Urban sewer in Yulong 2005：3.0 Rainwater main pipe：L＝55000 － － Lijiang City County 2020：6.5 Rainwater hidden ditch：L＝21560 Full length of sewer pipeline：L＝42560 WWTP in Huaping 2013：5.1506, 2013：6000 2013：6000 thereinto：construct pipe：L＝28440,d400～900 County 2023：7.2656 2023：12000 2023：12000 reconstruction：L＝5320,d400～500 Reconstruction of households’ sewage pipe：L＝880 8800,d200～400 the storm sewer of the new construct and reconstruct project pipeline: Urban sewer in Wenshan 2012：18.77 2012：30803 2012：25000 L＝260000 26000,d500～1500 County 2025：28.6 2025：50046 2025：50000 Sewage pipe (rainwater-sewage combined sewer)： L＝609000 61500,d400～1000 2013：4.97 2013：5800 2010：6000 Drainpipe network：L＝22827,d400～1200 WWTP in Qiubei County 2025：7.34 2025：12000 2025：12000 thereinto,combined sewer：L＝7603 Water source－pump station：L＝2200,d400 Water Supply in Qiubei 2013：4.97 2013：9000 Wenshan － Pump station－water plant：L＝1500,d300 construction and County 2025：7.34 2025：19000 Prefecture rehabilitation of water distribution pipeline, L=19900, d100~300 Sewage interception network：L＝4403,d300～1000 Sewer in Yanshan 2013：6.1 2013：4756 2013： 5000 Rainwater-sewage pipeline：L＝3067,d300～1200 County 2023：9.1 2023：10076 2023： 10000 Outlet and return pipe：L＝3000,d800 Return water open channel：L＝1100 2013：6.3165 WWTP in Guangnan 2013：8000 2013：8000 2025： Associated sewer：L＝14892,d300～900 County 2025：16000 2025：24000 10.1129

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TABLE 2-3: SUMMARY DESCRIPTION FOR THE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SUBCOMPONENTS Plannin SW Planning Cities and g Current situation of Name of Project disposal treatment scale, Leachate treatment or whereabouts Prefectures 3) service WWTP/distance/KM method capacity(10,000m life/a SWTP of Songming Sanitary Short-term:collection-adjusting-back sprinkle Plan to construct/14 (11th five- 85t/d, 42.72 12 County landfill long-term:pipeline deliver to WWTP year plan) Kunming Sanitary Short-term:collection-adjusting-back sprinkle Under construction/7.5 (agree to City SWTP of Xundian County 70t/d, 58.83 15 landfill long-term:pipeline deliver to WWTP take over,annex 5)

Sanitary Short-term:collection-adjusting-back sprinkle Under construction/7.5 (agree to SWTP of Luquan County 90t/d 51.95 14 landfill long-term:pipeline deliver to WWTP take over,annex 6) Dry season: back sprinkle to solid waste Sanitary dump rainy season:pack with sealed synchronous construction/18 Lijiang City SWTP of Lijiang City 270t/d 200 18 landfill bag and transfer to urban waste water (subcomponent of the project) pipeline network Dry season: back sprinkle to solid waste Sanitary 80t/d 70t/d Plan to construct/3.5 (11th five- SWTP in Fu'ning County 18 20 dump rainy season: pipeline deliver landfill 75.5 70 year plan) to WWTP

2.4. RIVER WORKS SECTOR

TABLE 2-4: SUMMARY DESCRIPTION FOR RIVER WORKS PROJECT

Cities and Prefecture Name of Project construction measure and scope Other technical measures s Center the Funing County town, start from the the barrage of Putting river power plant, east to Weishe village, south to Liye Integrated environmental improvement in 2 Make a reasonable construction planning of check dam, Putting River basin in Fu'ning County mountain, north to Posang village, with the surface of 84 km embankment and retaining wall Watercourse dredging: 5.58km Xingou farmland of Puzhehei lak, include Xingou farmland Integrated improvement ofwater base, distributing area of residents and tourists, and the environment in Lake Puzhehei of Qiubei scope of tourist activity zone of rehabilitation area; County 4 inflow rivers of Puzhehei lake; “golden tour line” lakefront of Puzhehei lake

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TABLE 2-5: SUMMARY DESCRIPTION FOR THE OTHER SUBCOMPONENTS

Name of Project Construction contents of the subcomponents

Monitoring and management support Include 3 inflow rivers automatic monitoring stations, 14 flux monitoring stations, 2 floating monitoring stations, system for total water pollutants 2 floating sampling cars, 1 set of water quality experiment facilities,8 urban WWTP online monitoring stations control in Lake Dianchi Basin and the river monitoring system of water environment model and the monitoring and supervision center, monitoring and management information system Integrated environmental renovation The Lion Moutain area renovation scale is about 35.10 ha, which refer to the demolishment of the inconsistent of Lion Mountain in ancient Lijiang buildings and the consummation of the urban infrastucture City Capacity building in environmental Build 1 monitoring and supervision station of Class B, and 4 of Class C. monitoring and supervision system of Wenshan Prefecture Build 1 environmental monitoring and supervision detachment of Class B and 8 body of Class C

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2.6. PROJECT OWNER, INVESTMENT COST AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

The following table summarized the Project Owners, total cost, and implementation plans of YUEP.

TABLE 2-6: SUBCOMPONENTS’ PROJECT OWNERS, TOTAL COST, AND IMPLEMENTATION PLANS OF YUEP

Subcomponent’s Subcomponents’ Owners Location Total investment No. Name of Subcomponents or Implementing (unit: 104 RMB) (City / Prefecture Organization ) Monitoring and management support Kunming Environmental 1 system for total water pollutants control 15609.68 Protection Bureau (EPB) in Lake Dianchi Basin (EA table) Luquan Likang Solid Waste 2 SWTP of Luquan County 2987 Treatment Co., Ltd Kunming Kunming Songming County (4) 3 SWTP of Songming County Solid Waste Treatment Co., 3277 Ltd Xundian County Qingxing 4 SWTP of XundianCounty Solid Waste Transfer and 3788.74 Disposal Co., Ltd Huaping Water Supply and 5 WWTP in Huaping County 6029.70 Drainage Co Ltd Lijiang Ancient Town District 6 SWTP of Lijiang City Solid Waste Disposal Plant 11533.53 Company Lijiang Lijiang Water Supply and 7 17160.64 (5) No.2 WWTP in Lijiang City Drainage Co Ltd Yulong County Construction 8 Urban sewer in Yulong County 5235.61 Bureau Integrated environmental renovation of Lijiang Ancient Town 9 38940.83 Lion Mountain in ancient Lijiang City Management Co., Ltd Wenshan Capacity building in environmental prefecture 10 monitoring and supervision system of Wenshan EPB 1372.5 Wenshan Prefecture (14) Wenshan County Water 11 Urban sewer in Wenshan County 1385.58 Supply and Draining Ltd.

Qiubei Water Supply and 4942.54 12 WWTP in Qiubei County Drainage Co., Ltd Qiubei Water Supply and 13 Water Supply in Qiubei County 2220.60 Drainage Co., Ltd Integrated improvement ofwater environment in Lake Puzhehei of Puzhehei Tourism 14 2724 Qiubei County Development Company

Funing Hongxing State Asset 15 SWTP in Fu'ning County 4334 Management Co., Ltd Integrated environmental improvement Funing Hongxing State Asset 16 5745 in Putting River basin in Fu'ning County Management Co., Ltd Yanshan Water Supply Co., 17 Sewer in Yanshan County 4664. Ltd.

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Subcomponent’s Subcomponents’ Owners Location Total investment No. Name of Subcomponents or Implementing (unit: 104 RMB) (City / Prefecture Organization ) The Guangnan Water Supply 18 3589 WWTP in Guangnan County and Drainage Company Total cost of YUEP: 1355.39 Million RMB

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3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SITUATION

3.1. YUNNAN PROVINCE

Yunnan Province is located in the southwest border of China, which is a high altitude mountain province, the province is lying northwest to the southeast by a ladder-shaped gradual decline, elevation levels differ significantly, with an average altitude of about 2000 m, the maximum altitude of 6740 m and the minimum altitude of 76.4 m. The type of topography is diversified, the climate type is complex and vertical elevation of temperature is very significant.

The water system in rivers of Yunnan is very complicated. The province have more than 600 rivers, including large and small rivers ,which have 180 larger rivers, mostly flowing into the sea, and located in upstream, They belong to six major river systems separately.

There are many plateau in Yunnan Province, which is one of China's provinces with the largest number of lakes. The total area of lakes is 1066 km2, the catchment area is 9000 km2, and total storage of water is about 30 billion m3. Many lakes are well known at home and abroad, of which are the most famous Dianchi Lakes, Erhai, , , Yangzonghai, etc... Dianchi Lake is the largest lake in Yunnan, ranks sixth in the country.

Yunnan Province has 16 states, and 129 counties, cities and districts, including 29 minority autonomous counties. In the end of 2005, the total population in the province is 44.15 million, of which the urban population is 11,639,000 and rural population is 32,117,000.

The following table explained the socio-economic position of Kunming, Lijiang and Wenshan in Yunnan province.

TABLE 3-1: MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF PROJECT CITIES IN 2004

Yunnan Kunming Lijiang Wenshang Province states and city province city City State Total population at the end of the 4415.2 502.92 112.73 334.97 year/10 thousand Rank in total Province － 3 12 6 /hundred million GDP 2959.48 942.14 50.38 124.13 Yuan RMB Rank in total Province － 1 13 8 Local public / hundred million 263.3 85.64 3.52 5.52 finance Yuan RMB income Rank in total Province － 1 12 9 Total retail amount of social consumer goods/ hundred million 884.86 370.46 13.66 44.73 Yuan RMB Rank in total Province － 1 14 5 Net average income of the local 1864 2909 1324 1247 farmer /Yuan Rank in total Province － 2 11 13

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3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS IN PROJECT CITY – KUNMING

Kunming is the capital of Yunnan Province, located in 102°30′～103°00′ E and 24°28′～25°28′ N, being as the political and cultural center, and transport and communications hub. Kunming is in the central eastern of Yunnan Plateau; multi-years temperature is 14.7 ° C, extreme maximum temperature 35 ° C, the minimum -6.2 ; Years average rainfall 946.4 mm, the largest annual rainfall of 1405.7 mm, annual sunshine 2481.2 h, the average wind speed of 2.2 to 3 .0 m / s.

The projects in Kunming city are located in Luquan County, Songming County and Xundian County. The relevant social environment and the natural environment profiles of three counties are summarized as follows.

Luquan County

The Luquan County is 72 km to the center of Kunming city, with subtropical monsoon climate. The main wind direction is the south-southwest, the wind frequency is 16%, the frequency of static wind is 38%; the average temperature is 15.6 ° C with an average annual rainfall of 965.9 mm, the average annual evaporation is 1959.1 mm. Luquan County has 3 towns and 15 townships. At the end of 2005, the county's population reached 430,700. In 2005, the gross domestic product of the county was 1.343 billion yuan, the per capita net income of farmers was 1,632 yuan. The county was a priority county supported by nation.

One of YUEP component, the proposed Luquan County Solid Waste Project, is located at northeast 7 km of Luquan County, near the road from county to Cuihua village, the site links with highways. Surface water flow to downstream of the county, is under the wind direction of the county. No geo-fault within the project’s site; geological structure of the site is simple.

Songming County

Songming County is located in the north-east of Kunming, is the the secondary cities of capital Kunming. The annual average temperature of the proposed landfill is 14 ° C, the leading wind direction is the southwest wind and west southwest wind, the frequency of static wind is 29%. The annual precipitation is about 994.0 mm. Chongming County has 5 towns and 2 townships. At the end of 2005, the county's population reached 348,268; the gross product of the county was 20.53 billion yuan. .

The proposed YUEP component, Songming County Solid Waste Project, is located in Huolianqing, the northeast 6 km of Songming County, under the wind direction of the Songyang town. The survey reports that, in the landfill site, the layer of fourth line (Q) and the tertiary (N) has a good natural impermeable performance in proposed sites , Landfill can be effectively prevent the spread of the polluted water, the possibility that water in the fractured bedrock is polluted is small. Landfill Site is an independent hydrogeological unit, hydrological and geological conditions in sites are simpler.

Xundian County

Xundian County is located in the north-east part of Kunming, in 102°41′ to 103°33′E and 25°20′- 26°01′N. The distance between Rende town and Kunming is 102 kmm. Xundian County has 6 towns and 11 townships. In 2005, the county's population reached 505,351; the gross product of the county was 171.32 million yuan. Landfill Site located in Qingshuigou Village. The total population of the villages is 42, 14 family. The main crops are rice, maize, wheat, tobacco, and so on. The proposed project, Xundian Solid Waste Project, is located in 7.5 km north of the Xundian County, about 5 km to the old landfill. The altitude of the proposed landfill is 2060 m and the average annual rainfall is 1004.5 mm, the average annual evaporation is 2099 mm, the rainfall is 137.1 d/a, the maximum temperature is 33.4 ° C, the minimum temperature is -13.9 ° C, the maximum wind speed is 10 m/s.

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The proposed project is located between the Xiaojiang River and Niushan River. Its west and north belong to the Xiaojiang river system. The water of the site is the fourth stratigraphic stranded in water, it is recharged by atmospheric precipitation, there is no water incentive to let it flow in stratigraphy over the silty clay layer, The groundwater has not affected the surroundings of site. The survey report indicates that the foundation of the proposed site is stable, the geological conditions are good, in addition to a manual treatment of impermeable, and the remaining conditions are suitable for the construction of waste disposal sites.

3.3. ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS IN PROJECT CITY - LIJIANG

YUEP components in Lijiang area are located in Lijiang City, Huaping County and Yulong County. Relative natural environment and social environment conditions are summarized as follows.

Lijing City

Lijiang city is in northwestern Yunnan Province, 502 km from the provincial capital city Kunming. The location between at north latitude 25 ° 59 'to 27 ° 56' and east longitude 99 ° 23 '~ 101 ° 31'. The rivers in Lijiang City belong Lancang River and . Lijiang city is in low latitude monsoon climate, with a unique mountain climate characteristic. The mean temperature is 12.6 ° C; the average rainfall is 945.5mm. The average annual evaporation is 1180.3mm, average humidity 63%. For perennial dominant westerly winds, with the average wind speed 3.3m/s. Lijiang city administrate the ancient city zone, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, , Huaping County, Ninglang Yi Nationality Autonomous County, with the population of 1137600 at the end of 2005, realizing regional GDP 6.033 billion yuan.

The proposed project, the second sewage treatment plant of Lijiang city, locates in south of Lijiang Yang arch dam and in the east of Yanggong river, adjacent to Minru Jinshan Village, near Li Head road, and has perfect transport facilitation. Another proposed project, Lijiang Municipal Waste Landfill Project, locates in the north-eastern part of Lijiang city, in the side of Laoli-Yong road, 17km away from Lijiang City. Li - Ning Highway at south of the site 800m.

Huaping County

Huaping County is located in the northwest of Yunnan, the east of Lijiang, the north shore of the middle of the Jinsha River, and located in the between of east longitude 100 ° 59 '~ 101 ° 31' , north latitude 26 ° 21 '~ 26 ° 57'. Huaping has a scorching climate that belongs to Jinsha River valley subtropical climate, the average temperature of 19.8 ° C with an average annual rainfall of 1067.6mm; the average annual evaporation is 2881.5mm. Prevailing wind direction during the day is more southerly winds and prevailing northerly winds over night throughout the year, and the dominant wind direction for the northwest by north winds. Huaping County is in the River of northwest Yunnan. The rivers in the Huaping belong in the Jinshajiang River and Longjiang River, including 16 tributary rivers which into Xinzhang River, Wumu River and the hot springs River, and finally into the Jinsha River and Yalong River. Huaping County has counties 9 and towns 2 at the end of 2005, with a total population of 151172. Rongjiang town that project located in has five Villager committees, with a total population of 23,249.

The proposed Huaping County sewage treatment project located is in an open space where eastern Shizi Bridge, eastern Yuronjiangg Town, Huaping County and western Rongjiangshisi, in the area under which the direction of the dominant wind direction, without Village around 100 meters of the site.

Yulong County

The Yulong County is located northeast Yunnan Province, The geographical position is in the north latitude 26°34′-27°46′,east longitude 99°23′-100°32′.It is 600km apart from the provincial capital. The county is located south the Lijiang area, the terrain is relatively smooth. The county

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seat does not have the geological disaster and obviously not the good geological phenomenon, for example the non- earth hole, the landslide and so on, belongs to the stable location. The Yulong country of annual mean temperature is 14.50C-15.50 .The Yulong country maximum monthly mean temperature is 18.0 .The Yulong country of the lowest monthly mean temperature is 3.90 . The Yulong country year precipitation is 800-1100mm. In the Yulong county area, there are 3 towns and 15 Villages. In the new plan, the county seat supposes in the Mountain town. In 2005, the county-wide total population is 2097710 people and realizes GDP is ￥626,250,000.

The proposed project in Yulong County, Yulong Sewerage System Construction Project, is located in the new planned district of Yulong County.

3.4. ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS IN PROJECT CITY - WENSHAN

In , the proposed projects are located at the Wenshan county, Qiubei county, , Funing County, Guanshan County, Guangnan County, . Relative natural and social environment are summarized as follows.

Wenshan County

Wenshan County is the capital of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Minority Autonomous State. East and south of Wenshan County is connected to Guangxi province, , from the National Protection 140 km, the Kunming 360 km. Wenshan County belongs to the subtropics plateau monsoon climate. Wenshan County's annual mean temperature is 11.8 ~18.1 . Wenshan County's yearly average precipitation is 1202mm. The Wenshan leadership wind direction is a southeaster, which the wind frequency is 54.7%, and Wind annual mean wind speed 2.7m/s. Wenshan County belongs to the Red River basin lujian river system. The Panlong river is a master river enters a country from north. After Panlong River flows into core area, river export Change southeast to leave. Wenshan County's land area is 2972km2. In Wenshan County, there are 8 town and 8 townships. At the end of 2005, county-wide total population 438976 people.

Qiubei County

Qiubei County in Wenshan state is situated at southeast Yunnan, between east longitude 103°34 ' - 104°45 ', north latitude 23°45 ' - 24°28 '. Sewage treatment plant which constructs in the plan constructs in the Sanchahe Dagele village where be situated in the Qiubei County east. Qiubei County belongs to the subtropics plateau monsoon climate. Qiubei County's annual mean temperature is 13.2-19.7 . Qiubei County's annual mean precipitation is 1000~1270mm. The Qiubei County domestic main rivers are Qingshui River and Nanpan River. The Qingshui River upstream is the national AAA level Pu Blake traveling scenic spot. In Qiubei County, altogether there are 3 towns and a 1l township. In 2005, the county-wide total population is 452,000 people; the county-wide GDP resultant is ￥953,180,000 .In 2005, in Puzhehei basin project area, altogether there are 64 villages, the total population is 90976 people.

Funing County

Funing county stands in southeast of Yunnan Province, located in east longitude 105°13′- 106°12′, north latitude23°11’- 24°09’. Topography of Plan build landfill floor is all around high, middle low; site diameter is cove landform, independent rainwater catchment area, and hydrological condition simplicity relatively. Weather of Funing in the south is subtropical climate, annual average temperature is 19.3 ,mean annual rainfall is 1156.2mm, mean annual evaporation is 1545.8mm,most frequent wind direction is southeaster, calm wind rate 50%. Principal Streams of Funing County are Puting River, Nama River, Xiyang River, Nanli River, Langheng River, branchs 29. Funing County has 5 townships, 10 townships. End of 2005, whole county total population is 402913. In 2005, whole county completion GDP is 170450 ten thousand yuan. It is a farming county priority to woods, herd development.

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Yanshan County

Yanshan County stands in southeast of Yunnan Province, northwest of Wenshan Zhuang Miao nationality , Located in east longitude 103°35′-104°45′, north latitude23°19’- 23°59’. Weather of Yanshan is North subzone tableland monsoon climate, annual average temperature is 16.5 , mean annual rainfall is 900-1000mm, mean annual evaporation is 1948.50mm, most frequent wind speed is 3.10m/s, most frequent wind direction is souther. Yanshan county in the watershed zone of Zhu river and drainage area, takes No.323 national highway as boundary. The north part of highway belongs to Zhu river drainage area water system, master streams are Gongge river, Asanlong river, watershed area 1576.6km2; The south part belongs to Hong river drainage area Lu river, master streams are Baga river, Jiayi river, Wengda river, Guima river, watershed area 2247km2. Yanshan County governs 4 townships, 8 townships, 2 overseas Chinese farms. End of 2005, whole county total population is 411066.In 2005, whole county realize zone total output value is 19.64 a hundred million yuan, all year around farmer per capita net income is 1484 yuan.

Guangnan County

Guangnan County, in the southeastern part of Yunnan Province, is situated at east longitude 104°31′~105°91, and at north latitude 23°29′~24°28′. Guangnan County is subtropical highland monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 16.7 ° C, with the average rainfall 1069.4 mm. The river of the Liancheng town of Guangnan County is a part of system. Bada River and Stone Bridge River originate in the county, is the satisfaction of sewage in the county. Guangnan County contains 18 villages and towns, 2 sovkhoz. By the end of 2005, the total population of the county is 746022.The total rural economy in 2005 is 84.81 million yuan.

3.5. DAM RELATED

After careful screening and recognition, dams related to YUEP listed in the following table.

TABLE 3-2: CONCERNED DAMS AND BASIC STATUS

Total Height Reservoir Concerned of No. Dam Capacity Basic Dam Status Remark Projects Dam (10,000 (m) m3) The comprehensiv It is used for preventing flood, e control Puting River 87.5 irrigating (87000 units of area), project of 9934 1 plant water Concret city water supply (5110 drainage (7700)* reservior e thousands m3/a), generating basin of dam electricity(1×4MW) and touring. Puting River in Funing The dam lies on the upper reach of the site selection. The water of the reservoir The water Wenbi Lake and rain fall drain into The dam is built on wetland, used discharge water Yanggong River. During 2 8 455 for irrigating and beautifies the system of reservoir 2004 and 2005, safety river landscape. Yulong dam evaluation of the dam was carried on by Yulong water conservancy department and some experts .

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4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION

4.1. ANTICIPATED BENEFITS FROM YUEP

The YUEP will bring significant benefits in the following aspects:

1) With the project implementation, the new increased capacities of water supply, sewage treatment and solid waste disposal will be 9000m3/d, 121600m3/d and 778t/d respectively, which will greatly solve the existing limited capacities problems.

2) With the project implementation, the new increasing of sewage interceptors, rain and drainage pipes will be about 5480km, which will change the disadvantage condition of untreated sewage direct discharge to the surface water body. It will improve the water quality of different water bodies.

3) With the project implementation, the river pollution of Puzehei Lake and Putting River will integrated treated, which will improve the landscape and ecological environment, raise the flooding prevention standard, reduce water and land losses and recover river functions.

4) With the project implementation, it will establish the total water pollutant supervision system and management support system for Lake Dianchi basin, together with environment monitor and supervision system for Wenshan. More effective monitor, management and supervision measures will be carried out, which will be helpful for the technical development of environment management for both Lake Dianchi basin and Wenshan prefecture.

Besides the above improvement, the other important benefits include:

(1) Improvement to Aquatic Ecology and Wetland Protection: With the implementation of the project, improvement to the aquatic ecology and wetland protection will be contributed by the sub-projects, such as water environment integrated treatment and river treatment. The positive impacts are for ecological system and water quality for the river. With the projects implementation, the water quality and ecological environment of Puzeheim, and Puttinghe will be greatly improved, which will increase the ecological tourism environment for Puzehei, the national landscape region.

(2) POLLUTION ABATEMENT: Through sewage and solid waste treatments, non-point source pollution control and river integrated treatment, pollutant load from both sewage and solid waste will be effectively reduced, which will not only protect the local environment but also play a key role in the down-flow environment protection.

Pollutant reduction for each region is listed in the following table:

TABLE 4-1: POLLUTION REDUCTION FOR EACH REGION

Sewage Pollutant (Annual ton) Sewage Pollutant MSW (Annual ten Region COD BOD TN TP (Annual ton） 5 thousand ton） Kunming 12664 7201 160600 1095 158800 4380 Lijiang 3659 2630 483 70 127750 1697 Wenshan 4683 2651 224 83 102445 3822

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Total 21006 12482 161307 1248 388995 9899

(3) Play a strategic role in Sustainable Development of Yunnan: This project is a part of strategy plan to the improvement of Yunnan environment condition, promotion the whole province urbanization construction and implementation of sustainable development strategy. Through the improvement of sewage collection and treatment facilities, operation of river integrated treatment, implementation of wetland protection, lake ecology remediation and basin integrated treatment measures, the project will play a key impact for regional basic facility construction and eco-environment protection.

The project implementation will bring: (1)Reinforce regional environment treatment achievement, improve eco-environment quality and maintain regional eco-system balance; (2)Improve production and living condition for local residents and raise living quality and health level;(3)Through eco-environment improvement, raise city function and promote regional fishery and tourism development;(4)Through overseas advanced technology and management experience, promote basic facility construction and management for Yunnan province and realize the self-healthy development for basic facility construction;(5)Drive the urbanization construction for the whole province, carry out social and economic sustainable development and create feasible condition for realization of sustainable development and fully construction of middle level consumption society. The project will bring significant benefits in environmental, social and economic development and consistent to the Western Development strategy of China.

4.2. IMPACTS ASSOCIATED TO PROJECT LOCATION

(1) LAND ACQUISITION & RESETTLEMENT: Impacts related to resettlement (physical and economic displacement) include: (i) people affected by the acquisition of land; (ii) people affected by the temporary use of land; and (iii) people whose livelihoods are impacted during construction activities. All project components were planned to minimize disruption of residential areas and villages and maintain village cohesion.

From Nov, 2006 to Jan, 2007, with the assistance from local governments, project owners investigated each project on impacted population, lands, affected buildings and appliance facilities. From Apr to July, 2007, according to the updated feasible study reports, the re- investigation was carried out again. With the communication among consultant company, project design units and project owners, the proposed schemes of the project were optimized in considering the local economic and social impacts.

In the YUEP project, 11 counties, 22 towns and 28 villages with 1570 people will be affected, in which, 1007 people in 280 families will be impacted by land usage..

Among 16 components, only 3 sub-projects triggered building demolition, which will totally impact 80721.81 m2 houses, including 13669.3 m2 private houses of 10357.1 m2 country residents’ houses, 3312.2 m2 urban residents houses and 67052.51 m2 collectivity houses. Other impacted properties will be the specific facilities such as telecommunication and electric power, tomb and economic forestry.

For each city, a Resettlement Action Plan has been prepared in compliance with relevant Chinese standards and regulations and with WB OP/BP 4.12 related to Involuntary Resettlement and WB OD 4.20 related to Indigenous Peoples. A consolidated RAP has also been prepared for WB consideration. During this process, local training and awareness workshops were carried out, as well as a consultation process with each affected local government.

The primary principles for developing compensation and livelihood recovery of the project affected peoples (PAP) are:

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• All of the physical assets should be compensated for before resettlement and land acquisition should be carried out at the price of replacement; • The practical compensation standard would be negotiated between the Project Owners and the PAP; • The labour force to be relocated will be provided with employment opportunity with skill training to ensure their livelihood will not decline; • The farms and trees to be affected will be compensated to owners / farmers at market price; • All of the PAP will receive reasonable compensation.

(2) CULTURAL HERITAGE: a series of investigations had been carried out to complete identify any the cultural physical resource located within the project sites or at less than 100 m distance. The following table lists all the cultural physical resource impacted or potentially impacted by the YUEP project:

TABLE 4-2: CULTURAL PHYSICAL RESOURCE TRIGGERRED BY YUEP

Project Material and Culture Project Name Protection Level Location Resources Baimalongtan Environment Temple, Municipal cultural relic protection unit Lijiang integrated Treatment WenchangPalace Project for Lijiang and Jinlian Temple Jiefeng Building History building Water environment Shizishan Rock Paint Wenshan cultural relic protection unit Wenshan treatment project for Puge Rock Paint Wenshan cultural relic protection unit Puzehei Lake, Qiubei Puze Black Lake National landscape region

The impacts and mitigation measures to each of the above physical cultures had been detailed and carefully analyzed and discussed among relative agencies.

Before the construction of each sub-project, the opinions from the departments of local planning, electric power and water supply should be detailed consulted, so to reduce the potential impacts and avoid any inconvenience for local residents.

The cultural relic sites will be consistently protected during the construction of each sub-project: 1）for the landscape region and natural protection region, only the relevant procedures are approved, the project can be started for construction; 2）Improvement for stuff education and training for cultural relic protection, any new found cultural relic will be informed and protected by local government.

Because the YUEP project is the environment improvement project, with the objectives to protect eco-system, reduce pollution discharge, and modify the unconformable landscape. So the YUEP will not be contract to the above physical culture resources, but ultimately bring positive effects to resources protection.

(3) Nature Habitats:

In YUEP, 7 components triggered 10 nature habitats. In region distribution, 2 in Wenshan, 4 in Lijiang. From the protection level, 1 is national nature reserve district, 2 are provincial nature reserve district, 2 are in the list of provincial wetland list, 3 in prefecture nature reserve district, 4 are in other category.

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TABLE 4-3: NATURE HABITATS TRIGGERRED IN YUEP Nature City No. Category Character Level Concerned Projects Habitats Wild Animal and Plants, provincial plateau Water Puzhehei Lake Integrated Puzhehei nature 1 lakes, Surface Rehabilitation Project of Lake reserve original 20732km2 Qiubei County district Wenshan geological land

Class III Water Tinghu Potential Jishan County Sewerage 2 Water Surface Reservoir tourism place System Project Body 4.28km2 Drinkable 2nd WWTP in Lijiang Class II water Zhongjihai 3 Water － resource Yulong County Sewerage Lake Body protection System Project Lijiang district Special Qingxi 4 － － conservation 2nd WWTP in Lijiang Reservoir district

4.3. IMPACTS & MITIGATIONS ASSOCIATED TO CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

Construction activities are expected to generate the following common adverse impacts: • Air borne dust due to excavation, demolition, construction vehicle movement and materials handling, particularly downwind from the construction sites. • Noise from construction equipment and vehicular movement, potentially affecting nearby residents and sensitive sites as hospital or schools. • Traffic congestion by pipeline construction along the existing roads, transfer station construction and upgrading in built-up neighborhoods and increased construction traffic in urban areas. Roads may be fully or partially closed during these construction activities causing temporary inconvenience and delays to residents, commercial operations and institutions. • Waste discharge from construction camps. The discharge of wastewater from construction camps could create potential new pollution sources, and could also be sources of sludge, solid waste and waste oil from machinery maintenance. • Excavated/spoil materials. Limited volumes of spoil are expected from WS or WW pipe laying activities and from river works, which may require off-site disposal. • Removal and Re-planting of trees. The development of the sewer network, the building of water treatment plants and pumping stations, and the building of river embankments, may impose the cutting of few trees, most of them being planted street trees. The project will try to reduce the impacts to trees, try to “re-planting” trees instead of “cutting”. In case of cutting trees, project owners will first report to municipal Forest Bureau, Park and Forest Division, and municipal Planting Office on the trees number and character, after receiving the permission, the municipal Planting Office will organize the cutting activities and determine the compensations. The compensation plan should be listed in Resettlement Action Plan if triggered.

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• Soil erosion. Piles of earth will be created from time to time during construction as well as bare land particularly during landfill construction. In case of rain, erosion would occur on the earth piles and other disturbed land such as river slopes causing loss of soil. • Land impact. Some collective lands and state-owned land will be occupied by construction activities either permanently or temporarily. • Damage to roads: Heavily laden trucks may impact on road conditions and cause road surface damage, especially during periods of rainfall and high ground moisture content. • Infectious diseases. During the project construction period, floating population will work in construction sites throughout the city. The mobility of outside people might bring external epidemic diseases to local communities.

Based on the results of the impact assessments and the goals of minimizing adverse impacts in accordance with application standards, regulations and WB safeguard policies, the following mitigation measures have been identified to be taken during the construction phase: • Construction sites, transportation routes and materials handling sites will be water sprayed on dry and windy days up to 4-5 times a day, especially if these sites are near sensitive receptors, such as residential and school areas. Using central concrete mixing plants where possible, and transport with sealed vehicles. • Construction activities will be scheduled carefully with consultation with nearby residents to minimize the impact of noise from construction machinery. Night-time (22:00 to 06:00) and noon-time (12:00 to 14:00) uses of certain noisy machines, such as pile-drivers and concrete vibrators, will be prohibited in the vicinity of residential areas. Temporary noise barrier should be set up at construction site near schools and residential areas. Personal protection equipments or PPE (e.g., noise protection earplugs) shall be supplied to workers for protection from the intensive noise. • In conjunction with the relevant authority, traffic flow regulation plans will be prepared in advance of construction in the congested urban built up areas. • Sewage and other wastewater from construction camps will be collected and treated at septic tanks before discharge to avoid contamination of the surrounding areas. Where possible the wastewater will be discharged directly to the municipal sewer. • Temporary land occupation will be planned well ahead to minimize the effect of the disturbance and land will be reinstated to its original condition on completion of construction. Top soil will be removed and stock-piled for use during land restoration, particularly on the landfill sites. • Construction materials will be stored in appropriate places and covered or sprayed to minimize dust. • Construction waste will be promptly removed from the sites and transported to an appropriate disposal area approved by the PMO and the concerned municipality. Burning of construction waste will be prohibited. • Materials will be covered during transportation to avoid spillage or leakage. • Strict measures to keep control of erosion and runoff on the construction sites and the spoil sites will be imposed on contractors through detailed specifications, included in the Soil Erosion Control Plan. Monitoring of runoff water will also be conducted to ensure that the measures are effective and that receiving water quality is not affected. • Construction will be immediately suspended if any archaeological or other cultural properties are found (chance finds). The relevant cultural authority, as well as PMO,

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will be notified promptly, and only after a thorough investigation (by the relevant authorities) will construction be allowed to resume. • During the raining season, limitation of load access will be imposed on the contractor to reduce damage to the roads. Also, the contractor will be required to rehabilitate, at the end of the construction, the section of the roads which have been damaged by the traffic resulting from the transport activities. • Contractors will be required to take necessary safety measures at the construction sites to protect the public, including warning signs to alert the public of potential safety hazards at and around the construction sites. Workers should be examined regularly and the infected people should be given immediate medial attention or quarantined. • All contractors and construction supervisors will be required to participate in mandatory environmental and health and safety training programs prior to the start of construction.

According to the practical conditions in each sub-project, the above mitigation measures had been detailed analyzed and listed after the detailed survey to different practical situations, and, will be included in the tender documents and subsequently in the construction contracts as binding contractual requirements where appropriate.

In addition to the above, the following issues are carefully analyzed and corresponding mitigation measures are detailed designed for each components triggered.

(1) For the environmental sensitive issues, natural habitats, culture heritage, international water ways (listed in Chapter 4.2), the project owners and environmental assessment institutes had carried out solid surveys for each projects, the impacts and mitigation measures had been listed and discussed with relative agencies after consultation with relative government departments. It is analyzed and agreed that during construction phase, the impacts are mainly indirect from waste water, disposed solid waste, dust and noise.

To avoid the pollution to nature habits, the construction wastewater should be well collected, solid waste should be dumped in designed sites, so to avoid the discharge into natural waters.

To avoid the impacts to physical culture heritages, all the pipelines/construction works are designed along the urban roads with buffer distance to the heritages, and never across the relic buildings. All the nearby construction works are in small scope with small impact areas, strictly following relative regulations such as National Culture Relic Protection Law, Regulations on Historical City Protection, and Management Methods fro Urban Relic Trees. The construction activities will not exert negative impacts to relic protection, and relative relic managing departments had already provided Certification Documents on no impact from project construction to above relics.

For the international water ways, the water bodies, which receives project wastewater currently or in future operation, are all far away from international water ways, about 90 km or 460 km. The construction activities will not exert bad impacts to international water ways.

(2) Dredging Activities, which triggered in Wenshan Funing County Putting River Works, will follow years dredging experiences practically hold in each county.

The formula of Complete Blending Mode for Water Body is used for water quality forecasting to analyzed the influence of dredging activities to river body, and the results showed that during the dredging phase, the river body will not be influenced, the water quality is within required level.

For the quality of dredged sediments, on 9th October 2006, Wenshan Environment Monitoring Station carried out the sample collection and analysis for the project. The results show for Putting River Sediment, item Zn is beyond standards of GB4284-84 “Pollutant control standard

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of agricultural used sludge” and GB15618-1995 “Soil Environmental quality standard”, which is mainly because of the discharge impact from a Zn-Pb Selection Plant in upstream of Putting river. So the sediments from Putting river will be dumped in a well selected site, covered with soil and adopt anti-leakage measures. Analogue to the years experiences to Putting River dredging, if the above measures taken, the sediments will not exert negative impacts to local area. According to Zn control, Funing county had issued a series of Industrial Pollution Control Plan, which will provide positive benefits to river quality improvement.

4.4. IMPACTS & MITIGATIONS ASSOCIATED TO OPERATION PHASE

4.4.1. Water Supply Sector

Impacts from the operation of water supply treatment plants and associated facilities (pumping stations) are rather limited in number and magnitude, and generally can be easily mitigated. Most frequent impacts and mitigation to consider include: • The new Qiubei County WS treatment plants will mobilize additional water resources for water supply resulting in increased wastewater treatment capacities. It has be confirmed that Qiubei County wastewater treatment plant, which is also listed in YUEP for WB loan, will has enough capacity to accommodate the additional flow of wastewater resulting from YUEP new water supply production components. • WS Treatment Plants will produce sludge which will require appropriate management. the production of sludge will be limited, as water is from the reservoir with good quality. In Qiubei WS project, production of sludge is estimated at 0.24t/day, and will be delivered to the existing Qiubei Domestic Landfill Station. • Chlorine dioxide leakage or spill at the treatment facility. Risk is controlled by appropriate storage, handling and emergency response procedures. • Wastewater from staff (30 to 40 persons per plant): effluent will be discharged into urban sewage network. • Over exploitation of local water resources. Technical studies carried out during feasibility confirm that availability and counter part measures of the mobilized resources. • The main noise sources during the operation phase are the pump stations which may affect the nearby residents and routine works on networks carried out in residential areas. Low noise pump sets should be selected and equipped with mufflers. The pump should be set in isolation booths. Select low noise vehicles and properly arrange working time in most sensitive areas, night-time (22:00 to 06:00) and noon- time (12:00 to 14:00) operation. The use of horns will be prohibited. • Air pollution potential from emission of oil-fired boilers used in winter to warm up the processing system. Appropriately designed chimney and low sulphur content fuel will result in compliance with Chinese standards for dust and SO2.

4.4.2. Wastewater Treatment Sector

Most typical impacts of WWT facilities refer to the discharge of treated effluent in a water body, to the sludge production and disposal, to noise and odor nuisances generated by the facilities (aerators, blowers, pumps etc) or during sewer maintenance: • There is no detrimental impact but only beneficial impacts from YUEP wastewater components as a significant reduction of pollutant load presently discharged into the river system will be observed.

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• Odors from aeration, sedimentation and sludge condensation tanks may affect surrounding areas of the facilities. Minimum 100 m distance buffer zone to residential areas will be respected, vegetation barrier will be planted, use of flocculation deodorizer (Ferric salts) and good maintenance practice of the plant will provide effective minimization of impacts. • Noise from pumps may affect the nearby residents. Careful selection of low noise equipment, of submersible pumps when appropriate, presence of closed buildings and buffer zone allow the compliance with Class 3 noise standards (residential zone). Transport vehicles to carry sludge and other materials will only operate during daytime. • Residue outflow water from WWTP. Adopt mathematic mode which recommends in Chinese criterion standard HJ/T2.3-93 《 technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment surface water environmental》to forecast impacts of WWTP’s residue outflow water to nearby water environment. The forecasting results show the impact is acceptable and will not bring any pollution to local water body. • Impacts to natural habitats, culture heritage, international water ways. After careful analysis, the project will not exert negative impacts to them, but to improve the quality of them. • Sludge disposal. According to the technical proposals in FSRs, practical conditions and solid waste treatment situations in each project city, all the wastewater projects had established sludge transportation, treatment and disposal schemes. The following table shows the disposal methods and landfill availability.

TABLE 4-4: SLUDGE DISPOSAL WAYS sludge Project Station of Landfill project name quantity Disposal methods City construction (t/d） Lijiang WWTP in Transfer to Existing Huaping landfill has already Huaping County 1.125 Huaping County Domestic constructed, agree to adopt Solid Waste Station WWTP sludge The second a part as flowers’ fertilizer, The existing landfill station in WWTP in Lijiang others for sanitary landfill Lijing city still has 3-4 years capacity, after the lifetime, the 3.75 sludge will be transported to the under-preparation landfill station which is also listed in YUEP for WB loan. Wenshan Qiubei water a part as flowers’ fertilizer, Qiubei County owned a sanitary supply project others for sanitary landfill landfill station with disposal 1.088 capacity 60t/d, agree to adopt WWTP sludge WWTP in Transfer to Existing Guangnan county has Guangnan 1.44 Domestic Solid Waste constructed two landfill stations, County Station agree to adopt WWTP sludge.

4.4.3. Solid Waste Sector

Aside general benefits from solid waste collection and management, some detrimental impacts may be observed as noise and odor nuisance, development of pests or pollution of surface or underground water resources by leachate release. • Landfill sites have been identified at reasonable distance from farms or villages in order to minimize the risk of odors or noise nuisance to residents. • Compaction of waste and regular covering with soil will limit the risk of uncontrolled development of pests such as mosquitoes, flies or rats.

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• To avoid pollution of water resources by leachate, all landfill sites comply with Chinese standards: 2 mm HDPE geo-membrane, geotextile, 300 mm clay with hydraulic conductivity of 10-7 or lower. • In order to reduce the leachate production, drainage is implemented around the landfill site to divert stormwater from entering landfill cells. Also, compacted waste will be regularly covered in order to limit rainwater infiltration and leachate production. • Monitoring wells are implemented around each landfill sites to control the efficiency of the system regarding the protection of the underground water. • Impacts to natural habitats, culture heritage, international water ways. After careful design and selection of landfill site, no culture heritage or nature habitats will be impacted during landfill operation. Only leachate will potentially impact international water ways, buts due to the long distance (more than 30km) and appropriate measures, the impact will little if exist any. • Passive collection of landfill gas will be implemented in the landfills for the initial stage of land filling. In the methanogenic stage of the process, the vent stacks will be connected to an active extraction and flare system where centrifugal compressors will be used. If the actual landfill gas is high in quantity and calorific value, the project cities will install gas boilers to provide heating service to the surrounding residential blocks. Landfill gas monitoring wells will be drilled at the perimeter of the landfill. In the normal operation condition, the landfill gas will exert little impact to nearby environment. • Leachate will be redirected to the local WWTP system for treatment. After technical analysis, the leachate quantity is only accounting for 1% of the WWTP capacity, which will exert small impact to local wastewater treatment, it is adoptable and acceptable for local WWTP. During dry months, leachate will be recirculated on site. Tankers will be used to spray the leachate over the site so as to optimize the moisture content in wastes. Preliminary treatment will be implemented on site to reduce NH4-N concentration which could be harmful to WWTP process and to reduce methane and related explosion risk before transferring Leachate by pipeline. The following table shows the leachate disposal methods adopted in each project.

TABLE 4-5: LEACHATE DISPOSAL METHODS Transp Leachate Leachate WWTP to Construction distanc ortation No project name quantity disposal accept schedule of e to Method (m3/d） measure leachate WWTP WWTP s Short term: re- circle in dry Municipal solid waste season, storage in WWTP is Will be collection and disposal project rain season under 1 140 constructed in 14km pipe line in Songming County Kunming Long term: re- constructio next 5 years city circle combined n with WWTP treatment WWTP Municipal solid waste existed, re-circle combined collection and disposal project already Under 2 46 with WWTP 7.5km pipe line in Xundian County Kunming agreed to constructing treatment city adopt leachate Municipal solid waste WWTP of re-circle combined collection and disposal project Congde Under 3 115 with WWTP - pipe line in Luquan County Kunming Industrial constructing treatment city Zone Lijiang 2nd Municipal solid waste re-circle combined Listed in the WWTP 4 collection and disposal project 140 with WWTP same YUEP 18km By car project in Lijiang City treatment for WB loan under the

PAGE 24 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

Transp Leachate Leachate WWTP to Construction distanc ortation No project name quantity disposal accept schedule of e to Method (m3/d） measure leachate WWTP WWTP s YUEP Funing Municipal solid waste re-circle combined WWTP Listed in the collection and disposal project 5 152 with WWTP listed same YUEP 3km pipe line in Funing County Wenshan treatment under for WB loan City YUEP

4.4.4. River Works • During the project operation, river works projects have positive impacts on environment, including improve surface water quality, upgrade ecological environment, enhance country sanitary condition, and reduce pollutants into river and lake. Additionally, river bank and flood control capacity are restored. • Impacts to natural habitats, culture heritage, international water ways. The project will provide positive impacts to nature habitats and international water ways, such as to restore ecological balance, increase biological diversity, enhance water and soil protection function, and improve ecological tourism values. No impacts found to culture heritages.

4.4.5. Others Projects

Except the projects in above sectors, the YUEP includes Lijiang Gushizi City Integrated Rehabilitation Project, Dianchi Basin Water Pollution Control and Management System Project, Wenshan Environ-Monitoring and Supervision Capability Strength Project. • These projects will concentrate on purchasing relevant instruments and equipments and improve the environment monitor and supervising ability. The project will conform to the national environmental monitor and supervising construction standard and purchase the necessary instrument and equipment, which will improve the local environmental quality and promote the environmental, social and economic harmony development. • This project will promote the technical development of environmental monitor, science and technology and management levels, and improve supervising efficiency on pollution source for government and increase the environment management validity. • The healthy construction for local environment work will be promoted, the environmental accident will be effectively prevented and the environmental risk will be reduced. And through the management and technical measures, the total pollutant discharge amount will be controlled under the requested amount. • The project will annually reduce TP 2.85t, TN 31.52t, COD 284.88t. The project will decrease the concentration and volume of the pollutants discharged into water bodies such as rivers, lakes and etc. near the villages, improve the water environment of part of small water bodies and benefit for the water quality improvement. • Impacts to natural habitats, culture heritage, international water ways. no impact to culture heritage. Lots of positive impact to nature habitats and international water ways during the project operation, such as to restore ecological balance, increase biological diversity, enhance water and soil protection function, and improve ecological tourism values. No impacts found to culture heritages.

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5. ENVIRONMENT RISK ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION MEASURE

The identified key environment risks and mitigation measures triggered in different projects are analyzed in three sectors and summarized hereinafter.

5.1. WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE PROJECTS

Risk 1: The quality deterioration of the water source and water quantity reduction would lead to the incapable operation of water supply plant (1) Water source site are surrounded by farmland, little protection or buffer zone surround the water resource site. (2) Local residents have limited consciousness and awareness on protecting water resource. (3) The Jiucheng Longtan reservoir is with limited volume. The reservoir owns both the irrigation function and water supply function. Exist the water supply conflict between people’s drinking and livestock drinking. (4) No spare water resource available.

Mitigation Measures:

z Establishment of Water Resource Development and Utilization Planning with Economic Planning Department

z Improvement of Water Source Management

z Carrying out Water and Land Conservation Work for the Watershed

z Establishment necessary buffer zones fro water source protection

Risk 2: Chlorine dioxide leakage at disinfection process

Mitigation Measures:

z Prevent strong light radiation to liquid chlorine dioxide storage;

z Establish checking holes for chlorine dioxide observing at liquid chlorine dioxide storage;

z Install chlorine dioxide leakage alarm and liquid chlorine dioxide absorption facility or other safe measure at liquid chlorine dioxide storage and ensure the automatic switch up of the facility, as the chlorine dioxide concentration exceeding the standard;

z Install the forced ventilation system at chlorine dioxide adding room;

z Improve the safe protection facility for chlorine dioxide adding machine;

z Keep the same temperatures at each chlorine dioxide bottle for avoiding the high temperature gas entering the low temperature one and causing risk;

z Stringently avoid pipe system leakage, especially for valve and connection parts and periodically test for pressured parts and the closure soft pipe.

z Set up defense and accident re-action facility for liquid chlorine dioxide tank;

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z Construction of thunder and fire control systems;

z Set up accident first aid system at water purification plant, including monitoring alarming telecommunication, commanding, rush repairing, rescuing etc;

z Packaged with liquid chlorine dioxide and toxic sign for liquid chlorine dioxide steel bottle; and implement “Gaseous Bottle Safety Supervising Regulation” for liquid chlorine dioxide steel bottle storage;

z Transact “Flammable and Explosive Chemical Certification” for liquid chlorine dioxide transportation with hazardous product sign, and fully implement “Gaseous Bottle Safety Supervising Regulation” in its transportation.

5.2. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT AND ITS DRAINAGE SYSTEM PROJECTS

Risk 1: The accidents, such as ill-operation of facilities, fault operation, power cut and natural disasters, would cause the decrease of wastewater treatment efficiency, untreated wastewater will be discharged directly into surface water and make the water polluted.

Mitigation Measures:

z Establish accidental water storage tank;

z Establishing WWTP’s operation management system and operation responsibility system;

z Carrying out training for management and operation staffs and establishing technical examination archives for the staffs, all the unqualified staffs are not allowed to do the work.;

z Employing experienced technologists to take charge of the technical management work;

z Selecting and delegating technical staff to participate in technical training home and abroad;

z Enhancing patrol and inspection on sewer pipelines and timely identify the problems and find solutions on the problems;

z Improving maintenance and management of facility and equipment and preparing stnadby machines for the key equipments to ensure double loop power supply;

z Keeping the doors and windows of sewage pump rooms closed to ensure noise level be within the limits of the boundary of plant;

z In order to reduce the impact of offensive odor gas from pump station, collection well should be closed and wastewater should be promptly pumped into pipes then be convoyed into WWTP timely. Cleaning up and transport the screenings soon after after dewatering;

z Implementing Rain and sewage waters separation system in WWTP to avoid overflow of the untreated wastewater at storm time;

z Planting trees around the WWTP and selecting plants that have high rate of offensive gas purification;

z Paying visits to local residents periodically around the WWTP and listening to their ideas and suggestions.

z Trying best to ensure the normal operation of screen and grit chamber to achieve the certain reduction of SS and COD;

z Searching for the reasons from the key pollution resource at sewage catchments system, taking emergency measures and controlling the micro-organism toxic material discharging;

z Once the unavoidable emergencies happen, such as double loop power system cut-off or paroxysmal natural disaster, which will lead to wastewater discharging without any treatment, those enterprises connected within the sewer network should be requested to stop discharging their wastewater into the sewer networks to ensure water body safety;

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z Hanging the alarming signs at the discharging gates during the accident period and reminding relevant departments to take preventive measures.

Risk 2: The sharp change of input water quality and quantity will impact sewage treatment efficiency. In the case the influent wastewater load is too high to be accepted, the biochemical microorganism activation of WWTP will decline which will eventually lead to water quality deterioration and the treated effluent might exceed national discharging standard and having adverse impacts on water environment and ecological system.

Mitigation Measures:

z When the wastewater flow is unstable, necessary emergent measures should be fully considered to mitigate negative impact in designing stage;

z Key enterprise that has a discharging volume over 500m3/d must installe online monitoring equipments, must be periodically spot-checked by environmental protection monitoring stations at municipal level, and the enterprise discharging permit system must be implemented to ensure the wastewater discharging compliance with the discharging standard. Wastewater discharged from other enterprises also has to reach to standard;

z Wastewater storage tank should be installed for those heavy-pollution enterprises;

z Under the condition of abnormal operation of wastewater treatment facility, the breakdown of facilities should be eliminated in time and the situation must be informed to the WWTP.

Risk 3: Exist the risks from sludge treatment and disposal. The ill and untimely treatment of sludge will impose adverse impacts to environment, release bacteria and .

Mitigation Measure:

z The dewatered sludge should be timely transported out in specific enclosed transportation vehicles to avoid offensive odour diffusion and its impact on environment;

z Once the accidental discharging of the sludge happens, necessary equipment repairing and maintenance should be carried out in time and be better finished within minimum repairing time.

z Medicament such as lime should be added timely to prevent sludge ferment and reduce offensive odour gas emission.

Risk 4: The destroy and break of the underground drainage system would lead to environmental risk, and the river water permeating to the drainage for diluting sewage will lead to the environmental risk of the unqualified treated sewage from sewage treatment plant.

Mitigation Measures:

z Minimize the infiltration of drainage systems;

z Pipeline materials that are flexible, anti-corrosive ones and high quality rubber rings are selected for the joint between pipeline and manholes conforming to the current product national standard regulation;

z Enhancing the patrol, inspection and maintenance of interception pipelines and timely solving the found problems.

5.3. CITY MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PROJECTS

Risk 1: Leachate leakage or overflowing will take the environmental risk for polluting surface water and ground water, which may be caused by the fault operation of leachate collection system and the break of anti-infiltration layer.

Mitigation Measures:

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z Consideration should be given to the possible corrosion of the material used collection system by the leachate. Frequent maintenance of the leachate collection system, including the valves, pumps will reduce the accident occurrence. Once the leachate collection system is out of order, prompt checking for the potential damaged parts are necessary to eliminate the accident. If additional vertical rock filled gabions are to be extended upward during operation stage. Its impact on impermeable or limning layer needs to be considered and the necessary mitigation measures have to taken for this limning layer. z High priority should be given to the enhanced of technical supervision and management for linear layer during construction to ensure the technical qualification of the construction. z The leachate volume should be monitored during the landfill operation period, once there are any indication of unreasonable leachate reduction from the monitoring results, firstly considered has to be given the breaks of linear layer. The quick defining of breaks location will be helpful to take remedy measures as much as possible. Frequent monitoring on the water quality of groundwater monitoring well located at the down-flow direction, and soil monitoring should be carried out. z At the design stage, the storage capacity of leachate storing tank to be installed at each of the landfill site have already done careful calculations on of the annual balance between leachate volume to be generated and the trans-evaporation on monthly base, particularly during the raining season z Ensuring the separation of storm water from leachate; Improve stormwater discharge capacity, annually repaire the stormwater interception ditches before raining season start to ensure the ditches in smooth condition; z Establish leachate collecting and monitoring system; whenever the storm is forecasted, the leachate accumulated in the collection system should be pumped out and the landfill operation area should be covered with membrane; z Accident treatment measures: Timely pumping and back spraying, making use of the absorption, filtration and trans-evaporation function of the plant root to slow down leachate generation rate and reduce leachate volume, in the heavy storm events. .

Risk 2: Landfill gas explosion risk z The construction quality of the landfill gases collection and emission system needs to be ensured, the landfill operation should be made carefully at the vertical rock filled gabions locations to avoid displacement. The vertical gases emission rock filled gabions should be extended upward timely with the expansion of the landfill cells and the increase of the landfill height. z The gas emission exit needs be dispersedly distributed, making sure that one gas pipeline installed in one vertical rock filled gabions, and the emission exits are 1m higher than final closed site coverage. z Increasing environmental monitoring and periodically testing the density of methane on the site, and igniting at the exit of gas emission pipe when the density of methane is over 5%. z Keeping flaming methane till the end of generation. z Leaving certain protective distance for forestry fireproofing around landfill site, equipping the landfill site with good condition of fireproofing system, installing thunder-proofing equipments and improving publicity, education and management to eliminate potential fire accident.

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6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

During the project development, various alternatives have been proposed, screened and compared with technical, economic as well as environmental criteria. In terms of the environmental comparison for the alternatives, the primary objective was to identify and adopt options with the least adverse environmental impacts and maximum environmental benefits.

6.1. ALTERATIVE ANALYSIS FOR WATER SUPPLY PROJECT

For the following items, alternatives analysis are carried out based on technical feasibility, environmental impact, social development, and economic efficency.

A. With and Without the Project

Based on the environment benefit and social economic development, this project analyzed the conditions of without water supply project. After analysis, the conclusion shows that without the water supply sub-project, the concerned city will not meet the future water demand necessary to achieve the social and economic development targets and a part of the population will continue to rely on polluted underground water for drinking. The project is necessary.

B. Alternative for water source

The water supply alternatives considered for to the Qiubei County Town Project include (1) the Puzhehei Lake, (2) Hongqi Reservoir, (3)Qingshui River, and (4)Jiuchenglongtan (spring water infiltrated from surface water). All these options provide sufficient quantity of water supply to meet the demand for the Qiubei County Town. After the integrated consideration on water quality, water quantity, economy and society development, and after a series of site investigation by relative institutes, the water resource is selected.

z The Puzhehei Lake option was not selected because of the Lake’s use for tourism.

z The Hongqi Reservoir was not selected because of its expensive investment requirement due to a 26-km long water supply pipeline and because of lack of previous planning and financial arrangements for water supply to villages along the pipeline.

z The Qingshuihe River option, although required the shortest pipeline (4 km), was not selected because it does not have the adequate water quality to provide an economical drinking water supply.

z The Jiuchenglongtan water source was selected as it is relatively short distance (8 km) from the county town. However, effective management of this source is still required to protect from TP (which exceeds the drinking water standard) and effective TP treatment at the WSP.

C. Pipe system layout

The FS designs for installation of pipeline system have taken following principles:

z Take advantages of topographic condition as much as possible to deliver water by gravity;

z Alignments of the pipeline are designed to avoid impacting sensitive spot and relocating residents and demolishing buildings;

z The least investment cost for pipe system construction

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z Taking both short-time and long-time into consideration, and emphasizing future benefit. Table below lists pipe system pavement comparison analysis result.

TABLE 6-1: ALTERNATIVES COMPARISON FOR THE INSTALLATION OF WATER SUPPLY PIPELINE IN QIUBEI COUNTY

SUBCOMPONE ALTHERNATIVES PROPASAL COMPARISON DESCRIPTION NT COMPARISON ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE One DN700～800 raw Only one pipe-line with limited water Low investment (excluding phase II supply safety, water supply is less safe water transmission cost), avoid idle pipeline in the short- than alternative 2; Total investment cost alternative 1 pipeline from term, increased multi-purpose will be higher due to repeat land Jiuchenglongtan to pump utilization rate of water resources. borrowing & recovery, etc for two phases Raw water station, reserving outlets Water in this source is fully utilized transmission for releasing raw water to of construction pipeline Twonearby DN700 villages～800 raw design water transmission Higher water supply safety, one-off Higher investment at once. One pipeline alternative l 2 pipeline from design and construction and will be unused and in idle status in short- Jiuchenglongtan to pump convenient construction management term or even silted inside. station reserving outlets for releasing raw water to nearby villages Open exaction may bring inconvenience to traffic, particularly to the trunk road. Matured technology, widely practised Land sinking may happen at poor alternative 1 open excavation and low investment geological sites. Vibration, noise during construction may impact on Construction environmental protection targets Method No open excavation, rather safe, little impact to traffic, lower vibration and High technical requirement and pipe alternative l 2 Pipe jacking nose, lower impact or disturbance to material requirement, high investment local residents and environmental protection targets. Pre-stressed reinforced Good mechanics capacity, high Heavy pipe, intensified construction, and alternative 1 concrete pipe pressure loading suitably multi-construction method Pipe Material Light pipe and simple installation, and Limited mechanics capacity, and huge alternative 2 Water supply PE pipe suitable for excavation construction, pressure loading inside of the pipe but especially at confined construction sites limited pressure on the outside

From the table above, both of the alternatives have their advantages and disadvantages. Through the comprehensive analysis and comparison among technical and economic alternatives, alternative 1 is more suitable for real demand, and therefore is recommended.

D. Treatment process for Water Treatment Plants

Under the condition of ensuring effluent water quality, the following two treatment process alternatives are compared for water treatment process:

z Alternative 1: Raw water→Mixing→ Contacting Filtration→Disinfection

z Alternative 2: Raw water→Mixing→ Coagulation sedimentation→Filtration→Disinfection

Technical and economic comparison of the two processes is listed in table below.

TABLE 6-2: TECHNICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY COMPARISON OF FOR THE TWO PROCESS ALTERNATIVES

Alternative Application Condition Advantage Disadvantage

Compacted layout with land occupation and lower Limited impact loading Turbidity of raw water is civil works cost. capacity, high water quality Alternative generally lower than 25 NTU, Simplified process and low operation cost requirement, and filtration 1 stable raw water quality, now Good treatment effect if the raw water quality is will be destroyed with the algae good and stable sandy water Apply different modular of the process for normal Larger land occupation, Clean water from brooks, Alternative seasons and rainy season. Higher tolerant to higher civil works cost and higher suspended solid during 2 fluctuation of raw water quality, higher water supply rather complicated rainy season safety treatment process

In the Qiubei water supply subcomponent, with the Jiuchenglongtan water monitoring report, the water reaches the Class 2 CJ3020-93 Standard for Drinking Water Source, which means

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the water body is in good condition. With the traditional purification treatment (Coagulatoin, Sedimentation, Filtration and Disinfection), the water quality will reach the requirement of GB5749-2006 Drinking Water Hygiene Standard. Therefore, Alternative 2 is recommended.

E. Location of Water Supply Plant

In addition to the consistency with urban master plan, the WTW site selection should consider following aspects.

z Reasonable water distribution networks arrangement;

z Unthreatened by flood;

z Better wastewater discharging condition;

z Sound geological condition;

z Wider space available for long-term future expansion;

z Better sanitary environment and be suitable to establishment of prevention belt;

z Minimum demolition and less farmland occupation;

z Convenience for construction, operation and maintenance.

As the proposed new WTP will combine with Qiubei No. 2 WTW to supply drinking water to the service area, the necessary elevation for water drainage system needs to be limited. The elevation of No. 2 WTW Qiubei is 1513m, if the difference of elevation between the two WTPs is too high, the distribution network will be difficult to deliver water to the users by gravity.

6.2. ALTERATIVE ANALYSIS FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT PROJECT

A. With and Without the Project

Based on the environment benefit and social economic development, this project analyzed the conditions of without wastewater project. After analysis, the conclusion shows that without the wastewater sub-projects, increased volumes of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater along with the rapid industrialization, urbanization and population growth in the area, will be discharged and polluted the receiving waters directly. The surface water quality would continue to deteriorate, threatening drinking water safety, groundwater quality, ecosystem particularly and aquatic life, fisheries, agriculture production relying on irrigation, and the standard of living for the residents in the project cities and those downstream, and eventually weakening the ability for sustainable economic development in the region. The project is necessary.

B. Sewage Drainage System Layout

According to the local landform and wastewater discharging property, and based on the local water pollution plan, the arrangement of sewer networks is designed to ensure high wastewater collection efficiency in effective and economical way.

The following considerations should be taken on sewer networks construction:

z Use gravity flow as much as possible;

z Avoid environmental protection target (the points of environmental concerns.). If it unavoidable, necessary mitigation measures need be taken;

z Be favourable to wastewater collection and delivery;

z Be convenient to construction and operation & maintenance;

z reserve spare space for extension construction;

z Good geo-condition and consistent to drainage construction regulation;

z Saving investment and operation cost;

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z Be consistent to local plans.

According to the above principles, the selected alternative sewer networks are listed in table below.

TABLE 6-3: SELECTED SEWER NETWORK ALTERNATIVE

Sub-component SN Description Characteristics Name

Improve four sewer mains to be laid along both sides of Huancheng Rd, Optimization of Dongganhe River, Shagrila Rd and Liming Rd., which go from east to west, No. 2 WWTP its Drainage Planning interception pipeline to be laid along the south ring road will intercept and sewer networks for Wide Drainage 1 deliver most of sewage from Lijiang City to the new No. WWTP. The trunk Lijiang City Coverage interception pipeline to be laid along Dongganhe River and Yumuhe River will Comprehensively stop sewage from entering into water body. associated Facility Consistent to Stormwater Fully take the advantage of local topographic condition to arrange drainage Construction Principle 2 Drainage Yulong pipeline by gravity flow and minimize the depth of pipeline installation. Drain County Town collected storm water to the nearest water body. Consideration both for short and long term development WWTP and The Guangnan sewer network will serve for the collection of sewage from 2 Consistent to associated sewer 14225 km of planned urban area. The general direction of the drainage is for relevant Planning 3 networks for northeast to southwest direction. Sewer mains alignment are to be Low Investment Guangnan, perpendicular to the contour lines and the sewer connection pipelines are to be Low adverse Wenshan in parallel with the contour lines.. environment impact Relatively less construction work, low investment, WWTP and saving resource, associated sewer Improved existing drainage system by remaining combined system in the old low impact for 4 networks for Qiubei, urban area and establish separate system in the new urban area. transportation and Wenshan good for wastewater collection

In the old urban area, sewer pipelines will be laid along existing or planned road The pipelines are and connected to the inception pipelines (existing one and to be installed one) designed zone by along Ranlong River; In the new urban area, sewer pipelines will be laid along zone for the Sewer Netwroks for existing or planned road and connected to the inception pipelines (to be convenience of 5 Wenshan installed) along Panlong River. At the south urban zone, the interception separating pipeline is to be too deep, a lifting pump has to be used to deliver collected and wastewater from intercepted sewage into WWTP. for treatment. stormwater.

Reuse of the grey water is considered, According to the drainage system arrangement principle and the Yanshan pipelines are Sewer Network for topographic condition, the county town is divided into 5 drainage zones. designed as gravity 6 Yanshan Wenshan Collected sewage from each of the 5 drainage zones will be delivered into flow by taking the WWTP for treatment before discharging for farmland irrigation. advantage of local topographic condition to reduce operation cost.

C. WWTP Location

WWTP site selection will conform to the following principles:

z Consistent to urban master plan and sewerage sector plan;

z Consistent to environmental protection, such as locating at downstream of urban water intake point, leeward of urban prevailing wind direction, keeping a certain protection distance from the residential area;

z Consistent to wastewater treatment process;

z Close to sewage outfalls to reduce the length of pipeline, save investment, facilitate wastewater collection;

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z Good project construction geo-condition, reserve expansion potentiality; z Not impacted by flooding disaster, the higher flooding prevention standard than the urban one and having good drainage condition; z Minimum demolition and land occupation; z Easily accessible to transportation, water and power supply.

According to above principles, the result of subcomponent site alternatives analysis is listed in Table below.

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TABLE 6-4: WWTP SITE SELECTION ALTERNATIVE COMPARISON

COMPARISON PROJECT ALTERNATIVE DESCRIPTION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE East of Sheshan area, 90 Mu land acquisition, enough for the future extension; located Located at south end of urban area, part of the site’s Alternative 1 upstream of Yanggong at downwind of urban prevailing wind direction, and long elevation is lower than the elevation to meet flooding (recommend) River, 7 km south to the old distance of the WWTP to residents; sanitary prevention control standard of once in 100 years by 0.10～0.50 m, No.2 WWTP town distance can be reserved, good transportation condition larger investment for long sewer mains and associated In the Lijiang First WWTP High elevation, meeting flood control standard of once in 100 No space available for further extension; sewage Sewer Alternative 2 site years. less environment impact, accessible to water, power and collected from the new Yulong County Town can’t be networks in road, low investment drained by gravity to the WWTP without lifting pump. Lijiang Foot of Sheshan mountain, A space of 120 Mu of available land can meet the requirement Difficulty in land requisition, long sewage transfer pipe; the cross area of the ring Rd for future extension, high elevation to meet flood control standard located at the roadside, impacting landscape Alternative 3 and Airport access Rd of flood return in 100 years. Accessible to water environment., limited sanitary prevention distance and higher cost for power supply. Convenient for management . Located at South of The site is located at the downwind of urban prevailing wind Need farmland acquisition, elevation of the most of the Xinzhuanghe River and east direction, 2.5 km away from Rongjiang Town. Space is large site is lower than elevation for meeting flood control Alternative 1 of Gaoze Villege enough for future extension. Sound geo-technical condition, easy standard of once in 20 years. Resettlement of 63 (recommend) WWTP and its to access road, power and water and convenient discharging of households at the west side (200 m away) have to be sewer network effluent into Xizjiamg River made in Huaping Place between central area The site is located at the downwind of county town’s prevailing County Town of County Town and wind direction. Space is large enough for future extension. Located at the upwind of Rongjiang Town, close to the Alternative 2 Rongjiang town, at the south Sewage collected from the county town can be delivered by Shiliu Village. There is a need to build an access road. gravity to the WWTP. Sound geotechnical condition. Treated effluent is easy to be discharge into the water Liyu river. Near Sanchahe River, Conform to sanitary prevention distance, accessible to a farming WWTP and downstream of Qingshuihe machine road which can be used during construction for material associated River, the same site defined transportation. Limited impact to nearby residents, no intake for Sewer Alternative 1 in urban master plan for water at along 1000 m of its downstream. The site is higher than － networks for (recommend) Qiubei county Qingshui River (the receiving water body) with good condition for Qiubei County flood control. Treated effluent is easy to be discharge into the Town Qingshui river Located at west of Liancheng The site is 900 m away from the boundary of the planned urban Long distance pipeline installation may cause damage to town and the distance to the area, a wider open space for future extension forest nursery during construction Alternative 1 boundary of planned urban (recommend) WWTP and its area of Liancheng town is sewers in 900 m Guangnan On the right side of the Shorter length of pipeline installation Located at the boundary of the planned urban area. The County Town connection between Zhujie to space is too confined. It would cause Impact to Alternative 2 Guangnan Road and Beining agriculture ecosystem Rd, 900 m away from alternative 1

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D. WWTP Process

Based on the local practical situation, the suitable sewage treatment process of each sub- project is selected as following:

z ICEAS Process for No.2 WWTP of Lijiang and Qiubei in Wenshan City: With the primary treatment of screening room, settle tank, the wastewater will flow into ICEAS reaction tank, where the pollutants of BOD5,P,N will be removed with the activated sludge activity. After the following settlement and UV disinfection processes, the sewage will be discharged. And the residue sludge will be pumped to sludge tank and with the sludge concentration and dewatering treatment, the sludge cake will be finally transported out. The characters of ICEAS include: It has lower operation cost (including depreciation) with stable process, has better effect on phosphorous reduction. Treated effluent reaches national standard. It has been widely applied in Yunnan Province.

z Circulate SBR Process for Funing WWTP in Wenshan City: The characters of SBR treatment process include: There is no need of preliminary settle tank and secondary settle tank, so the process occupies limited land and be suitable for limited land region for WWTP construction. There are no secondary settle tank and sludge return tank. Equipments are simple and convenient for maintenance. When there is gradually change in raw sewage both in quality and quantity, the process has stable organism removal and extensive impact loading for water quality and quantity. The activated sludge settlement of the process is happening in a static condition, so the separation efficiency is stable. Effective control for biologically phosphorus and nitrogen removal, even in the same tank, the anaerobic and aerobic conditions can be created. And the end of settle stage, the low concentration of oxygen will adjust the process operation, which ensures the phosphorus and nitrogen removal biologically. Additionally, alkaline can be recycled under nitrification condition.

z Ditch Oxidation and A2/O Combined Process for Guangnan and Malipo WWTP in Wenshan City: The most advantage of this process is adopting oxidation ditch will create stable treatment effect and has strong application capacity. The above treatment processes are extensively applied sewage treatment process, which will ensure the good treatment efficiency and sewage discharge with the relevant discharge standards.

E. Sludge Disposal

According to the technically feasibility, current solid waste management system and practical situations for each sub-project, the sludge disposal scheme for each sub-project has been carefully selected and designed.

The alternative of landfill, incineration, natural drying, anaerobic digestion and biologic treatment are analyzed. The selected sludge disposal method for each sub-project is basically the same, which is transferred to municipal solid waste station for landfill after sludge concentration and dewater.

Because the WWTPs are all the domestic wastewater plants, the sludge produced will not have significant hazardous elements. But in order to make all sludge transporting into landfill sites meet the regulation, periodically monitoring should be made.

6.3. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS FOR SOLID WASTE PROJECT

A. With and Without the Project

Based on the environment benefit and social economic development, this project analyzed the conditions of without solid waste projects. After analysis, the conclusion shows that without the solid waste sub-projects, the city’s municipal solid waste collection, transfer and the transportation system efficiency would remain low and, community based sanitation and hygiene would continue to be poor, affecting the heath and living environment, as well as the

PAGE 37 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

standard of living for the residents. The sanitation conditions would further deteriorate without the project, resulting in increased solid waste volumes due to urban population growth and rising living standards. The project is necessary.

B. Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal

Various factors are taken into consideration for solid waste treatment process selection, which include: (1) Technology reliability; (2) Treatment cost; (3) Environment pollution risk; (4) Resource reuse and other value. Three disposal methods of sanitary landfill, composting and incineration are analyzed as listed in the following table; as a result, landfill method is selected by all the project cities.

TABLE 6-5: DSW TREATMENT METHODS ALTERNATIVES COMPARISON

Method Item Landfill (prefered) Incineration Composting Technical reliability Reliable with good experienced Reliable Reliable and good experienced Operation Safety Good in safety and firing prevention Good in safety Good in safety Rather difficult, consideration has to Relatively available, and avoiding Available, and closed to the be given on potential water pollution, residential area and Site Comparison city with no more than 10km often hauling distance is more than transportation distance in 10～15 transportation 15 km km Land Occupation larger Smaller Middle size Condition for Widely applied without serious Calorific value should be Over 40% of the Decomposed application requirement for DSW composition higher than 4000kj/kg organics About 20% of non-compostable About 15% of ash have to be Final Disposal Not necessary waste have to be finally disposed finally disposed of off Landfill gas recovery and methane Thermal energy is usable for Product Marketing Difficult to find a compost market. reuse socio-economic purpose Energy Reuse Partially available Available Not Available land recovery and reuse after Recycle Reuse of recycled material Reuse of recycled material stabilization Surface water Potentially, and need prevention Same to landfill No pollution method Ground water Potentially, and need prevention No Low potential pollution method Cell cover with dirt everyday, gas emission and combustion from its Air pollution Air pollution without control slight smell guiding pipe installed in vertical rock filled gabion Soil pollution Landfill site No Hazardous control is necessary Management Level General level Relatively high Relatively high Unit Investment 80～150 thousand RMB/t 500～800 thousand RMB/t 250～500 thousand RMB/t Operation Cost for 20～40RMB/ t 50～100RMB/t 30～60RMB/ t disposal

C. Landfill Location

According to the regulation of GB16889-1997”Domestic Solid Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standard” and CJJ17-2004 “Domestic Solid Waste Lanfill Technical Regulation’, after a series of site investigations, the landfill location is selected which is conformed to relevant requirements and suitable to practical condition.

TABLE 6-6: THE SITE SELECTED FOR MUNICIPAL DSW MANAGEMENT SUB-COMPONENT No. Project location Reason to select Located at the leeward of urban prevailing The preferred site is convenient to access, Municipal DSW management in 1 wind direction, 550m to the nearest geo-condition is good, little impact to Luquan County residency county town. By alternative comparison, other alternative sites are located at upwind of the urban prevailing wind direction and Municipal DSW management in Located at the leeward of urban prevailing 2 upstream of groundwater, but in preferred Songming County wind direction, no villages within 1.5 km alternative the site is better with good geo- condition, convenient transportation and little environmental effect.

PAGE 38 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

Based on the requirement of site selection, the geo-condition of the site is Municipal DSW management in Located at the leeward of urban prevailing 3 good with stable foundation. Xundian County wind direction no villages within 1 km Underground, there is no fault layer, no cave. The site is located at north of Wenhuan Located at the leeward of urban prevailing Municipal DSW management in village, there is no natural reservation 4 wind direction, 550m to the nearest Lijiang Municipality area, scenery tourist area, and history residency spots etc nearby. There are no villages within 1m of the site. The site is in the same river basin with the Municipal DSW management in Located at the upward of urban prevailing county and is 5km away from Funing 5 Funing County wind direction, 500m away the residency County town. The impact of the landfill site to the county town is a little because of many mountains’ barrier.

D. Leachate Treatment

Three alternatives for leachate treatment are analyzed:

1) On-site treatment

On-site leachate treatment station is to be build to treat leachate, as well as other wastewater in the site. The composition in the wastewater and very complicated. The design of WWTP is depending on density and quality of leachate. The quantity of leachate is affected by climate and operation skill, so the lacking of leachate in sunny day prevents WWTP from operation. If the size of landfill size is small, on-site treatment station construction is too costly and difficult. Normally the operational cost is as high as 26.00 yuan/t.

2) Back spraying for trans-evaporation and minimization

The leachate will be firstly pumped onto the solid waste, then trans-evaporated into the air. Back spraying will also keep the covered dirt damp to avoid dust. This is a comparatively economical method in places where precipitation is lower and evaporation is higher. However, the increase of leachate at latter operation stage may not be fully evaporated. The impact of offensive odour to air environmental is also an environmental issue.

3) Delivery to WWTP for treatment

Leachate preliminarily treated on-site is delivered to WWTP, mixing with domestic WW for treatment. As the quantity of leachate to be delivered to WWTP is rather small (less than 5% of the mixed leachate and domestic WW, it doesn’t make affect to WWTP’s treatment load. Whether it will affect water quality load and treatment effect is depended on the wastewater treatment process.

Based on technical feasibilities, project characters and local conditions, all of the SW components select the similar leachate disposal method: back-spraying for trans-evaporation and minimization first and then deliver to wastewater treatment plant.

6.4. ALTERATIVE ANALYSIS FOR RIVER WORKS PROJECT

A. With and Without the Project

Based on the environment benefit and social economic development, this project analyzed the conditions of without river projects. After analysis, the conclusion shows that without the solid waste sub-projects, the sediments in river ways will exert negative impacts to flood discharge and threaten urban safety, the river water quality will also be deteriorated. The project is necessary.

B. Detailed Construction Methods

PAGE 39 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

For each project, the detailed construction methods, such as river embankment, landscape construction, river bridges, dredging activities, river inter-sections, etc, are carefully selected. The adopted method will satisfy the requirements from flood control, small land occupation, economic efficiency, and long life period.

PAGE 40 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

Two rounds of public consultation were conducted during the course of environmental impact assessment. The first round was carried out after finishing the TORs of different EA reports, and the second round after the draft EA report. The primary objective of the first round was to gather information on public concerns about the Project, while that for the second round was to communicate the EIA findings and proposed mitigation measures and confirm public acceptance and satisfaction. Both rounds of public consultation focused on the project-affected people and beneficiaries of different age groups, genders, educational backgrounds and occupations as well as other stakeholders.

For each round of the public participation of YUEP, two levels triggered: first level is for the Consolidated EA report, which is hold by Provincial PMO and KUST; the second level is for sub-projects, which is hold by sub-project PMOs and different project owners.

In addition, there have been many rounds of consultation with government agencies, local governments, non-government organizations and other stakeholders of the project to discuss Project locations, scope, environmental and socio-economic concerns and environmental management and mitigation plans.

7.1. METHOD AND APPROACH

The approach and method of the two rounds public participation are adopted as:

(1) Experts Consultation and conclusion of the sub-projects reports;

(2) Questionnaire Investigation

(3) Symposium

(4) Hearing Meeting

(5) Interview

The result of public participation and EIA report of the projects strictly followed the principals of publicity and opening. As the various situations at different regions among over 10 counties in four prefectures of cities of the project, the relevant material information of the environmental assessment was released at local newspapers (Kunming Spring City Daily, Lijiang Daily and Wenshan Daily), and the additional notification was also pasted at residents concentrated regions. Notifying public the basic information and the approach of obtaining relevant information and feedback idea

Information was disclosed through announcements published in local prime newspaper of major information relative to the project, timing and location of public meeting, telephone hotline to access to documents and draft TOR, and where to comment. The finished Consolidated EIA reports and sub-projects reports were published and opened in the following places: Yunnan Provincial City Environmental Construction Project Office (World Bank Loan Office), each subproject PMOs, each prefectural, municipal and county ranked EPA, each town committee,

PAGE 41 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

relevant urban communities. In these places, everyone could check on the information in reports and provide feedback ideas.

7.2. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Through the project public participation, all participators fully agreed to the construction of the project, and the favorable environmental benefit in the project implementation was detailed analyzed and affirmed. As the EIA public participation situation shows, residents in relevant regions strongly support the projects, and also describe the willingness for the projects construction. The local residents had already concerned on the current environmental situation of water supply, municipal sewage treatment facility, river basin water, municipal solid waste treatment facility and Lake Basin agri-non-point source pollution control. As the support of the projects construction, local residents also hold their concerning on the potential adverse effect of the projects, which include the long term and short term effect of the projects construction and implementation or operation stages. The following table summarized the results in the two rounds of public participation.

TABLE 7-1: THE RESULTS OF THE TWO ROUNDS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION TYPE OF THE CONCERNED ISSUES IN THE FIRST PUBLIC FEEDBACK IN THE SECOND PUBLIC SUB- PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION PROJECTS (1)The fetor, dusty and noise pollution, during projects construction period, could influence the residents living quality, and it should be solved with (1)Reduce project construction period, polite Water supply, effective measures. construction, and avoid night construction; drainage (2)The prevention of fetor and noise pollution has (2)Installation of sound insulationscreen for the and been concerned by local people during the sewage influenced residents; municipal treatment plant operation period. Equipped closed truck and water spraying truck; sewage (3)Night construction issue: request for avoiding (3)Timely remediation the influenced landscape; treatment night construction and shorten the construction time. (4)establish the temporary routine at drainage construction location (4)The projects construction will influence the regional air, drinking water, farmland and landscape. (1)Reduce project construction period, polite construction, and avoid night construction; (2) Timely remediation the influenced landscape and prevention of water and land losses; ((1)Construction Period: the effect of dusty from (3)Strigent planning for MSW collection and road construction, noise from night construction and cleaning up time and road and strict ecological environmental nd water and land losses implementation; from landfill digging. (4)Prevention measure for MSW closure and fetor Municipal solid (2)Operation Period: Waste gas from landfill, gas leakage, enhance flycide and protect human waste fetor from MSW transfer process, dusty from health; treatment transportation, water environment effect from (5)The liner system quality and its measures of the leachate, sewage and washing wastewater from MSW treatment facility construction need be MSW transfer process and noise from landfill clarified in project construction report; mechanism. (6)Proper organize landfill operation time and avoid noise effect; (7)The drainage price rising worrying at MWTP operation period, suggest the management department to organize necessary hearing meeting. River basin (1)The dusty and noise pollution, during projects (1)Reduce project construction period, polite water construction period, could influence the residents construction, and avoid night construction; environment living quality, and it should be solved with effective (2)The effective closure measures on prevention of integrated measures. fetor and dusty pollution at sludge dredging, treatment (2) The prevention of fetor and noise pollution and collection and transportation process need be

PAGE 42 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

TYPE OF THE CONCERNED ISSUES IN THE FIRST PUBLIC FEEDBACK IN THE SECOND PUBLIC SUB- PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION PROJECTS daily management have been concerned by local requested in the project construction report; people during the sewage treatment plant operation (3)The necessary temporary road, closed to school, period. hospital and other sensitive regions, need be built, (3)Night construction issue: request for avoiding and public could communicate with construction night construction and shorten the construction time. unit on their concerned environmental issues; (4)Timely clean up MSW, enhance environment (4)The river project management should be pubilicity strength, and ensure the water safty at strigently implemented, as the environmental Miyi River. manangement and monitor planning requested; (5)Enhance river basin management and suspend (5)Residents concerning issues information solid treatment in the river, rebuild datch at water collection and detailed supplement work need done body area and closed treatment for family drainage for the project construction. And detailed in ; (6)Enhance the responsibility and duty for the (6)Enhance healthy management; environmental stuff. (7)Timely remediation regional landscape. (7)Enhance the treatment for the Xizhahe River water and land losses to avoid the broken of the datch. (8)The enhanced publicity of the MSW salvage and concentrated clearing up work for local residents. (9)Whether the project construction will influence the agro-utilization and raisingthe water fee up or not. (10)The projects construction need be implemented quickly and continuously, proper treatment of the soil residueand reduction water and land losses. (11)The most concern is agri-solid waste treatment issue, the payable fee issue for its treatment and agri sewage treatment and agri-non-point source pollution issues. Construction dusty, nosie and fetor pollution will MSW collection and cleaning up For agri-non-point affect the residents; mosquito and flys will increase source project need be detailed planed and Others during the river dredging process, which could be implemented. And additional healthy management solved with effective solutions by construction units. need be improved.

PAGE 43 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

EMP is proposed to outline the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to implement these measures. For each proposed measure, the EMP defines the technical content, the estimated cost, the schedule of implementation, the role and responsibilities of the different persons or institutions, the source of funding and the way to monitor the results. The environmental management plan has to be included in EIA of each sub-project according to the SEPA’s Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment; meanwhile, the separate EMP report has been prepared by local EIA institutes for each individual project in compliance with the WB’s procedures.

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) covers all phases of the Project from preparation to construction and to commissioning and operation. They aim to ensure control of the environmental impacts through implementation of monitoring and mitigation activities. The full EMP of the Project will be incorporated into the construction and operation management plans of the Project as appropriate and will form part of the bidding documentation.

8.1. ORGANIZATION

According to "Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic China “ and “ Environmental Protection regulations to construction project”, and according to the safeguards from WB, for environmental management and protection, during project preparation and implementation, organizations with different environmental management responsibilities, such as Yunnan Provincial PMO, City PMOs, EPBs, Design Institutes, EIA Consultants, contractors and construction supervision companies have been or will be involved in environmental management. PMOs, contractors and IAs will be required to appoint dedicated and qualified environmental specialists to oversee environmental management activities and ensure implementation of the EMP.

Different agencies take responsibilities for various aspects of the projects as: • The State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) is responsible for China environmental protection management and environmental law execution. Establish the guidelines, policies, regulations and plans for China environmental protection. • The World Bank will control the whole project from the project preparation to the implementation, including review the environmental reports, supervise the implementation of protection measures, and post-review the project performance. • The Yunan EPB is the environmental management agency of the project. Its responsibilities are mainly giving Environmental Protection requirements based on the content of project EIA report, supervise the compliance to environmental regulations, and coordinate between various departments of environmental management. • Yunnan PMO of WB project is responsible for supervision and management on project planning, design, construction and implementation especially in environmental protection procedures, and organizes provincial environmental management capacity building.

PAGE 44 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

• The responsibilities of Municipal EPB are to establish the implementation plan for environmental protection and implement various technical standards, and also the timely supervision of the environmental management. • The Municipal PMOs are responsible to supervise environmental actions during project planning, design, construction and implementation. And coordinate all kinds of activities based on the requirements from WB and Yunnan Provincial PMO. • The project owner holds duty for the project environmental performance, be responsible for the environment management and engage qualified agencies in monitoring work at each stage of the projects, implement the environment protection regulation, and guarantee the performance of protection measures. • Municipal environmental monitoring agencies, commissioned by project owners, are responsible for the environmental monitoring during the construction and operation periods. • EIA consultants are responsible for the preparation of various environmental reports or documents according to the requirements from WB and EPB or commissioned by project owner. Forecast the negative impacts from the projects and provide mitigation measures. • Project Design consultants are responsible for the project design, including the design and adopt the pollution control technologies, and environmental protection measures and processes. • Contractor are responsible for their environmental activities during construction, control the construction waste and pollutions, and cooperate with the management regulations from EPB, monitoring stations and supervision engineers. • Construction Supervision Environmental Engineers are responsible for the environmental supervision.

The organization chart is shown in the following figure.

PAGE 45 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

FIGURE 8-1: PROJECT RGANIZATION CHART

The State Environmental National level Protection Administration WB

Provincial level Yunan EPB Yunnan PMO

Kuming Lijiang Wens Kumin Lijiang Wenshan EPB EPB han g PMO PMO EPB PMO

Municipal level

Project Ower

Company level EIA EIA Municipal Municipal Municipal Municipal Designing Designing consultants consultants consultants consultants Contractors Contractors Project Owner Owner Project Environmental Environmental Or the operator operator Or the Supervision Engineer Engineer Supervision Monitoring agencies agencies Monitoring Monitoring agencies agencies Monitoring

8.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ACTIVITIES

Mitigation measures

The project owners will take the ultimate responsibility for environmental performance and environmental management during construction. The PMO will have dedicated environmental specialist on staff who will be responsible to manage the day to day environmental performance of the contractors, maintain liaison with regulatory agencies and communicate with the affected public including receiving public complaints.

The environmental staff from the provincial and local PMOs are also responsible for ensuring the implementation of mitigation measures identified and designed by the EA and EMP. They will work closely with the design institute and contractors as may be necessary to modify and

PAGE 46 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT update the mitigation design and scale as needed by the actual conditions during project construction and implementation.

The Contractors are fully responsible for implementing the mitigation measures in compliance with the Environmental Obligations detailed in their Contract and in the EMP. The Environmental Team of the Construction Supervision Companies (CSCs) will monitor construction sites and activities to ensure that best environmental practices are applied and to assess the performance of the mitigation measures.

Monitoring

Environmental monitoring programs will address different objectives: (i) during construction, to ensure that contractors fulfil their environmental control obligations (compliance monitoring) and that performance of mitigation measures satisfy environmental standards and objectives (ambient monitoring), and (ii) during operation stage, to ensure the facilities are operated in accordance with their technical specifications and in compliance with environmental standards.

During construction, compliance monitoring programs will be carried out under the responsibility of the contractors and of the Construction Supervision Companies appointed by each city. Compliance control and ambient monitoring will be carried out by the concerned EPB laboratories. All parties will rely on qualified staff with monitoring equipment and technical capability for monitoring of water, air, noise, and soil, with qualified laboratory facilities assuring the accuracy of the analytical results and their legal standing. When complaints are received from the public, environmental monitoring staff will immediately conduct additional measures to identify the source of non-conformity.

Results from the environmental monitoring activities will be submitted by the contractors to CSCs on a weekly basis and by the CSCs to the local EPB and to PMO on a monthly basis. Results from all cities will be reported to the Provincial EPB by PMO on a monthly basis and to the World Bank on a semi-annual basis.

According to practical monitoring requirements, the defined environment monitor plan for both construction and operation stages is listed in the following tables, which are grouped based on the practical monitoring needs:

(1) Monitoring plan for WS, Municipal WW, Drainage Sector. Because sub-components in the WS, municipal WW and Drainage sector have the same monitoring characters, the monitoring plans for these sectors are listed together.

(2) Monitoring plan for Integrated Water Environmental Renovation Projects

(3) Monitoring plan for DSW Management Projects

(4) Monitoring plan for Integrated environmental renovation of Lion Mountain in Ancient Town of Lijiang City. Because this subcomponent has the distinguished monitoring characters, so it is listed individually.

In this EA summary report shows the grouped and summarized monitoring plans. While in the Consolidated EA report, every sub-components had prepared their individual Monitoring Plan listed in Appendix 4. For more detailed information, please check CEA appendix.

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TABLE 8-1: ENVIRONMENT MONITOR PLANNING FOR WATER SUPPLY, MUNICIPAL WW AND DRAINAGE PROJECTS Implement Mornitoring Supervision Monitoring Environment Monitoring site’s design Monitored items Monitoring frequency organizatio organizatio organizatio duration factors (number) n n n Materials (1),no dress-up to 6 times every year ,1time Ambient air construct the road TSP every 5 days,4 times every quality (1)construct the nearby day schools Construction 6 times every year ,1time contractors period noise Sensitive plot of the network LeqdB(A) every day,2 times every day ,(one for day, one for night) pH,COD,BOD SS,DO,NH3- Construction waste water 5 6 times every year ,1time Water quality N, TP, Petroleum Oil, Fecal (only 1) every 3 days,1time every day Coliforms prefecture or 4 times every year ,1time city’s project Ambient air Sewage treatment plant, prefecture or Odor intensity, NH3, H2S every 2 days,2 times every department; quality ground and sensitive plot city’s day prefecture or environment 6 times every year ,2 times city’s Sensitive plot , pumping monitor noise Leq dB(A) every day ,(one for day, one environment station and boundary stations for night) protection bureaus Operator Tube network: the entrance Water flow, COD, 3 times every year, one time period of the sewage treatment BOD ,SS,Animal & Plant 5 for enough water, lack water, operators plant; the sewage treatment Oil, Petroleum Oil, Anionic Water quality average water individually, 1 plant ‘s project; the let-out of surfactant, TN, NH3- time every 3 days; 1 time sewage. N,TP,Colority,pH, Feacal every day Coliforms Heavy metal (As,Hg, Pb, Cr, 2 times every year ,1time Mud/sludge Mud/Sludge pool Cd,Cu) every day,1time every day Incident 11 items , such as 4 times every day and Water quality state BOD,COD,SS etc continue for 3 days

TABLE 8-2: ENVIRONMENT MONITOR PLANNING FOR INTEGRATED WATER ENVIRONMENTAL RENOVATION PROJECTS Monitoring Environment Monitoring site’s design Monitoring Implement Mornitoring Supervision Monitored items duration factors (number) frequency organization organization organization 6 times every prefecture or prefecture or Construction Ambient air Construction site in suburbs year,1time every 5 city’s city’s project TSP contractors period quality (several) days,4 times every environment department; day monitor prefecture or SS,CODMn,BOD5,NH3- 6 times every year stations city’s Water quality Surface water N,TN,TP, Petroleum ,1time every 3 days,1 environment Oil time every day protection

PAGE 48 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT 6 times every year Construction site, sensitive site ,1time every day,2 noise LeqdB(A) times every day ,(one for day, one for night) As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, River involved in project sediment Hg, Cr, Organic 1 time every year clearance substance set up 2 supervision sites: one 4 times every year Ambient air is southern, the other is TSP ,1time every 5 days,4 quality western. times every day 3 times every year ,one time for enough Construction river’s upper and SS,COD ,BOD ,NH - water, lack water, Operator lower layer is broken. It should Mn 5 3 Water quality N,TN,TP, Petroleum average water operators period add a broken-face if involved in Oil individually,1 time international river. every 3 days;1 time every day As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, River involved in project sediment Hg, Cr, Organic 1 time every year clearance substance

TABLE 8-3: ENVIRONMENT MONITOR PLANNING FOR DSW MANAGEMENT PROJECTS Monitoring Environment Monitoring site’s design Implement Mornitoring Supervision Monitored items Monitoring frequency duration factors (number) organization organization organization set up a monitor spot up and 6 times every year,1time prefecture or prefecture or Ambient air under the wind direction(2 TSP every 5 days,4 times every contractors city’s city’s project quality spots) day environment department; Totaling 5 monitoring points monitor prefecture or 30m away upper stream of pH,Total hardness, stations city’s Construction the landfill ground water Hg,Cr6+,Pb,Cd,Chlorides,Pe environment Background values period (one) ;50m away at both rmanganate index,Total protection Underground monitoring, sides of landfill(two pollusion Coliforms,Nitrate bureaus water one time before the landfill diffuse wells ); 30m and 50m Nitrogen,Nitrite commissions away down stream of the Nitroge,Volatile landfill ground water (Two Phenol,NH3-N pollution monitoring wells) set up 2 supervision sites: TSP 4 times every year ,1time Operator Ambient air one is southern, the other is Odor intensity,NH3, every 5 days,4 times every period quality western. H2s,Methanthiol, CH4 day

PAGE 49 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT 6 times every year ,1time every 5 days,2 times every noise Ground noise (4) Leq dB(A) day ,(one for day, one for night) Totaling 5 monitoring points 30m away upper stream of pH,Total the landfill ground water hardness,Hg,Cr6+,Pb,Cd,Chl 3 times every year , one (one) ; 50m away at both orides,Permanganate time for enough water, lack Underground sides of landfill(two pollution index,Total Coliforms,Nitrate water, average water water diffuse wells ); 30m and 50m Nitrogen,Nitrite individually,1 time every away down stream of the Nitroge,Volatile day;1 time every day landfill ground water (Two Phenol,NH3-N pollution monitoring wells) Water flow,COD, 3 times every year , one BOD ,SS,Animal & Plant One monitoring section for 5 time for enough water, lack operators Oil, Petroleum Oil,Anionic Surface water subcomponent involving water, average water surfactant,TN,NH3- International Waterways individually,1 time every 3 N,TP,Colority,pH, Feacal days;1 time every day Coliforms 3 times every year , one SS,COD,BOD,NH - time for enough water, lack Leachate treatment facilities 3 leachate N,colieorm bacteria value water, average water output (1) individually,1 time every 3 days;1 time every day Incident 11 items , such as 4 times every day and Water quality If leakage of leachate state BOD,COD,SS etc. continue for 3 days

TABLE 8-4: ENVIRONMENT MONITOR PLANNING FOR INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL RENOVATION OF LION MOUNTAIN IN ANCIENT TOWN OF LIJIANG CITY

Implement Mornitoring Supervision Environment Monitoring site’s Monitoring duration Monitored items Monitoring frequency organizatio organizatio organizatio factors design (number) n n n

6 times every year, 1 environment Lijiang city’s Ambient air Xinhua primary school tsp(unorganized phase every 2 days,2 owners monitor project quality mingzhu roade sewage) times every phase stations of department; Lijiang city construction period mingzhu roade, xinhua Lijiang primary school, 6 times every year, 1 time environment noise songlong hotel, leq every day, (one for day, protection entrance of qianxue one for night) bureaus building

Operation period Ambient air wanggu building tsp 4 times every year, 1 time

PAGE 50 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

Implement Mornitoring Supervision Environment Monitoring site’s Monitoring duration Monitored items Monitoring frequency organizatio organizatio organizatio factors design (number) n n n quality every 2 days, 2 times every day

6 times every year, 1time noise Xinhua primary school leq every day, (one for day, one for night)

ph,cod, 2 times every year, 1 sewage give out to the bod5,SS,NH3- water quality phase every 3 days,1time city’s network N,TP,Petroleum Oil,Feacal every day Coliforms

PAGE 51 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

8.3. CAPACITY BUILDING

YUEP is an important environmental protection project and gain the support of the WB. The environmental protection should be consistent with international standards to get improvements in the regional environment during and after construction of the project. In order to ensure successful construction and operation of this project, the staff should have strong environmental protection knowledge and skills. These staff engaging in management will receive intensive training so that the environmental protection measures can be carried out successfully.

For all the sub-components, including WS, WW, DSW and RW sectors, before commencement of construction, Technical Assistance to PMO will be provided to prepare training material on (i) environmental management during construction activities (ii) environmental standards (iii) WB safeguards (iv) monitoring of water, air, noise at construction sites, and (v) reporting. The same TA will provide training to CSCs, who in turn will deliver recommendations and environmental awareness to the Contractors appointed representative(s).

During construction, specialized environmental and monitoring training will be delivered to the IAs of all the sub-components that will be responsible for operation of the WS, WW or SW and RW facilities.

All the units/agencies involved in environment management are recommended to join in the capacity building program of YUEP. Three kinds of staff/training are planned for (1) environmental supervision and management, (2) constructors and workers, (3) operators and company managers.

8.4. COSTS

Costs related to the Contractors’ obligations to apply best environmental management practices in construction activities, as required by the EMP and the tender documentation, will be considered as already included in the unit costs provided in the Bills of Quantities (BoQs). Costs related to mitigation measures for the construction phase will be borne by contractors while mitigation and monitoring costs during the operation phase will be borne by IAs.

During construction and operation, ambient monitoring is a part of EPBs activities and as such, will be borne by these agencies. However, any specific request for water, air and noise monitoring to be performed by the EPBs will be borne by the concerned IA.

Internal monitoring costs will be borne by the IAs, construction contractors and Construction Supervision Companies (CSCs) during the construction phase, and by the IAs during the operation phase. Before implementing the monitoring plan, responsible agencies will present a further detailed breakdown of the estimated budget. During project implementation, the budgets will be adjusted based on actual requirements.

Tentative budgets for EMP in both construction period and operation period are presented in the report of Consolidated EMP, while the following tables summarize the budgets for Construction and Operation of each sub-components:

PAGE 52 MARCH 2009 WORLD BANK YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

TABLE 8-5: SUMMARY OF EMP BUDGETS FOR YUEP

Average cost per year during construction Average cost per year during operation Sum of Total (10000RMB) Personnel Sum during (10000RMB) Person operation Subcomponents Environ. Environ. training construction Environ. training for 3 The implement of PMU The implement of PMU monitoring supervision monitoring years Salary Business Com. Salary Business Com. Monitoring and management support system for total water 18 6 3 15 0 15 62 3.2 5.2 2 21 10 124.2 186.2 pollutants load control in Lake Dianchi Basin DSW management in 13.5 10 5 22 3 18 71.5 12 13 4 22 12 189 260.5 Luquan County Town DSW management in 13.5 10 5 16 4 10 58.5 15 10 6 24 5 180 238.5 Songming County Town DSW management in 13 9 6 25.4 0.14 5.82 59.36 13 9 5 42 5.2 222.6 281.96 Xundian County Town WWTP and its sewers in 15 6 4 12 15 9 61 4 3 4 4.5 3.5 57 118 Huaping County Town

DSW management in 14 9 4 20 1 6 54 13 11 4 32 5 195 249 Lijiang City

No.2 WWTP and its 13 45 2 12 21 8 101 3 5 3 14 8 99 200 sewers in Lijiang City Urban stormwater drainage in Yulong 15 4 4 13 18 8 62 4 4 4 16 7.5 106.5 168.5 County Town Integrated environmental renovation of Lion 13 5 2 12 18 7 57 2 3 4 15 6 90 147 Mountain in Ancient Town of Lijiang City Sewer networks in 15 4 4 12 20 8 63 2 2 2 15 4 75 138 Wenshan County Town WWTP and its sewers in 12 5 2 13 21 7 60 3 6 3 16 3.2 93.6 153.6 Qiubei County Town Water supply in Qiubei 15 5 3 12 19 8 62 4 7 2 14 5 96 158 County Town Integrated improvement of water environment in Lake 14 4 4 10.148 19.25 1.2 52.598 6 5 3 3.6 0.8 55.2 107.798 Puzhehei of Qiubei County Total 184 119 48 194.548 159.39 111.02 823.958 84.2 83.2 46 239.1 75.2 1583.1 2407.058

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