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International Migration and Socioeconomic Wellbeing

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International Migration and Socioeconomic Wellbeing MEKELLE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT PROGRAM: DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, SPECIALIZATION:REGIONAL AND LOCALA DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON SOCIO ECONOMIC WELLBEING OF MIGRANT SENDING HOUSEHOLDS: EVIDENCE FROM IROB WOREDA, EASTERN ZONE , TIGRAY REGIONAL STATE MA THESIS BY: BISRAT WELDESILASIE ID: CBE/PR: 069/05 PRINCIPAL ADVISOR: ABADI AFFERA (ASS PROF) CO-ADVISOR: TADESSE G. (LECTURER) JUNE, 2014 MEKELLE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA 1 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON SOCIO ECONOMIC WELLBEING OF MIGRANT SENDING HOUSEHOLDS: EVIDENCE FROM IROB WOREDA, EASTERN ZONE, TIGRAY REGIONAL STATE THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPLETION OF MA DEGREE IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES BY: BISRAT WELDESILASIE KAHSAY ID: CBE/PR: 069/05 JUNE 2014 MEKELLE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA ii DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university, and all sources of material used for the thesis have been duly acknowledged. Name: __________________________________ Signature: _____________ Place and Date of submission: June 2014, Mekelle i CERTIFICATION As Thesis Research advisors, We herby certify that we have read and evaluated this prepared thesis under our guidance, entitled "INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND ITS SOCIO- ECONOMIC IMPACT ON MIGRANT SENDING HOUSEHOLDS: EVIDENCE FROM IROB WOREDA, EASTERN ZONE OF TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA" We recommend it be submitted as fulfilling of the requirement for the degree of master of science in Development Studies with specialization in Local and Regional Development at Mekelle University College of Business and Economics, Department of Management. It is a record of original research carried out by Bisrat Weldesilassie Kahsay under our supervision, and no part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. Principal Advisor Co-Advisor Signature: __________________ Signature _______________ Abadi Affera (Asstant professor) Taddese Getacher (Lecturer) Department Management Department of Accounting College Of Business and Economics College Of Business and Economics Mekelle University Mekelle University As member of the Board of Examiner of the M.A. Thesis Open Defense Examination, We certify that we have read, evaluated the Thesis prepared by Bisrat Weldesilassie Kahsay and examined the candidate. We recommend that the Thesis be accepted as fulfilling the Thesis requirement for the Degree of Master of Science in Development Studies. Chairperson Signature Date Guesh GebreMeskel (Assistant Prof.) ____________________ _________________ Internal Examiner Signature Date Guesh Gebremeskel(Assistant Prof.) __________________ ____________________ External Examiner Signature Date Tegegni Gebregzabher (Professor) ____________________ _________________ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and for most, I owe special thanks to Almighty God for his grace and blessings that have made my life journey possible. I have also sincere thanks to my advisor, Abadi Affera (Asst. Prof.) for his constructive guidance and advice he provided me with. His support has always been friendly, unfeigned and erudite. My co-advisor, Taddesse Getacher (Lecturer) too, had invaluable role in providing me with academic ethics considerations without which any academic endeavor is futile. My work would hardly be effective without my beloved family’s material, professional, moral, all-rounded complement throughout my study in particular and my life in general. My achievements would never be as efficacious as now had they not been backing me up. My family is the cause and reason for who and where I am now. Long live my beloved parents and siblings! Many others too, had irreplaceable contributions in my thesis preparation. Among others, Dawit Zewde, Rezene Nuguse, Seum Yohannes and Siltan W/silassie, who helped me during data collection, deserve heartfelt gratitude. Am much indebted to the priceless contributions of Habte Abraha and Shifare Berhe (PhD candidate) during data entering and editing The last but never the least, workers of Adigrat Diocesan Catholic Secretariat (ADCS) Mekelle Branch, as collogues, had very crucial part during the course of my thesis preparation. Particularly, Ato Petros Abraha, on top being overburdened to cover my duties, his door was always open when I needed help and thus, I owe him special thanks. The same appreciation goes to the chief secretary of ADCS Mekelle Branch, Ma’aza Tesfay, who helped me in editing and printing of the paper. I do not also want to pass without properly gratifying our instructors, Management department, as well as the university at large as their overall effort to make our course of study successful was solid and fruitful. ii ACRONYMS ADCS/M Adigrat Diocesan Catholic Secretariat Mekelle Branch ARRA Agency for Refugee and Returnee Affairs AU African Union EAMRI East Africa Migration Route Initiative FDI Foreign Direct Investment HCIDC House of Commons international Development committee ICMPD International Centre for Migration Policy Development IGAD Intergovernmental Authority for Development IOM International Organization for Migration IWSYAO Irob Woreda Youth and Sports Affairs Office LDCs Less Developed Countries PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty PSNP Productive Safety Ne t Program WDAs Woreda Development Agents WMR World Migration Report EEA Ethiopian Expatriate Affairs DFID Department for International Development FIC Feinstein International Center iii Tables Table 4.1.1Sex composition of the respondents ........................................................................... 32 Table 4.1.2 Age Distribution of the Respondents ......................................................................... 33 Table 4.1.3 Marital Status of the Respondents * Family members abroad Crosstabulation ....... 34 Table 41..4 The respondents' Sex * Level of Education before Migrating of their family member Crosstabulation .............................................................................................................. 35 Table 4.2a Respondents' Sex * income source before migration: Ranked Crosstabulation ........ 37 Table 4.2b Sex * Respondents' source of income after migration: Ranked Crosstabulation ....... 37 Table 4.3 Means/Ways of Migration reported by the respondents .............................................. 39 Table 4.4 Sex * Remittances Receivers Crosstabulation .............................................................. 41 iv Figures Figure page Fig-3Development-Migration conceptual framework .................................................................. 20 Fig-4Location map of Irob woreda the ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4.4: Remittance channels .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. v CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i CERTIFICATION .......................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. iii ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................. iv TABLE………………………………………………………………………………………..…..v FIGURES…………….…………………………………………………………………….…….vi TABLE OF CONTENT………………………………………………………………………….vii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... viiix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 1. 1. Background of the Study ................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Statement of the problem .................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Research Question ............................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Objective of the Study ....................................................................................................... 5 1.5. Scope and Limitation of the Research .............................................................................. 5 CHAPTER-TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................ 7 2.1 Definition of Concepts....................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2. Migration................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Remittance ................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.3 Development .............................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Migration and Remittances: Current trends and future prospects ..................................... 9 2.3 Migration and Development: paradoxes .......................................................................... 12 2.4 Migration in development: Migrant contributions .......................................................... 14 2.5 Remittances in Household and local economic Development
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