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The Broken Promises of an All-Volunteer Military
THE BROKEN PROMISES OF AN ALL-VOLUNTEER MILITARY * Matthew Ivey “God and the soldier all men adore[.] In time of trouble—and no more, For when war is over, and all things righted, God is neglected—and the old soldier slighted.”1 “Only when the privileged classes perform military service does the country define the cause as worth young people’s blood. Only when elite youth are on the firing line do war losses become more acceptable.”2 “Non sibi sed patriae”3 INTRODUCTION In the predawn hours of March 11, 2012, Staff Sergeant Robert Bales snuck out of his American military post in Kandahar, Afghanistan, and allegedly murdered seventeen civilians and injured six others in two nearby villages in Panjwai district.4 After Bales purportedly shot or stabbed his victims, he piled their bodies and burned them.5 Bales pleaded guilty to these crimes in June 2013, which spared him the death penalty, and he was sentenced to life in prison without parole.6 How did this former high school football star, model soldier, and once-admired husband and father come to commit some of the most atrocious war crimes in United States history?7 Although there are many likely explanations for Bales’s alleged behavior, one cannot help but to * The author is a Lieutenant Commander in the United States Navy. This Article does not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Defense, the United States Navy, or any of its components. The author would like to thank Michael Adams, Jane Bestor, Thomas Brown, John Gordon, Benjamin Hernandez- Stern, Brent Johnson, Michael Klarman, Heidi Matthews, Valentina Montoya Robledo, Haley Park, and Gregory Saybolt for their helpful comments and insight on previous drafts. -
Congressional Record—Senate S4920
S4920 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 8, 2003 HONORING OUR ARMED FORCES in our hearts. She will not be forgot- as ‘‘a mild-mannered, quiet child’’ who Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, ten. It gives us comfort to know that attended Bible study every Wednesday today I am going to continue what the she is at peace right now.’’ night before joining the Army. Senate has been doing since our troops Behind me are the pictures of some The 507th Maintenance Company still started the invasion of Iraq, and that is who have died in action, and I am has five soldiers who are prisoners of to take the first period before we go on going to speak about each of them. war. They are SP Shoshana Johnson, In Texas, there is a town called Com- to the business of the day to salute the SP Edgar Hernandez, SP Joseph Hud- fort that lived up to its name by em- son, PFC Patrick Miller, and SGT troops who are in the field protecting bracing and comforting the parents of James Riley. I have talked with Claude our freedom. Today, I want to salute the members SP James Kiehl. In Comfort, TX, the Johnson, Shoshana’s father, several times. He and his wife Eunice are car- of the 507th Maintenance Company. parents of SP James M. Kiehl are being ing for Shoshana’s 2-year-old daughter. This is the company out of Fort Bliss comforted by their friends and neigh- bors. The 6-foot 8-inch soldier was a These five have not been seen pub- in El Paso, TX, who really were the licly since several hours after they first to be captured, the first prisoners high school basketball player and a member of the band. -
Department of Veterans Affairs
1 DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 2 ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON FORMER PRISONERS OF WAR 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Department of Veterans Affairs 10 Advisory Committee on Former Prisoners of War 11 Biannual Meeting, Monday, November 17, 2014 12 SpringHill Suites by Marriott 13 1800 Yale Avenue, Seattle, Washington 14 15 16 17 18 19 Reported by: Catherine E. Black, Certified Court Reporter CCR No. 2266 20 State of Washington 21 Roger G. Flygare & Associates, Inc. Professional Court Reporters, 22 Videographers & Legal Transcriptionists 1715 South 324th Place, Suite 250 23 Federal Way, Washington 98003 (800) 574-0414 - main 24 www.flygare.com - scheduling [email protected] - email 25 ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON FORMER PRISONERS OF WAR -- NOVEMBER 17, 2014 1 FORMER PRISONERS OF WAR ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMBERS PRESENT: 2 Thomas M. McNish, MD, MHP, FPOW Committee Chairman 3 San Antonio, Texas FPOW Vietnam 4 5 Michael R. Ambrose, MD, MPH, FAAFP Former Director, Robert E. Mitchell Center 6 Mobile, Alabama 7 Hal Kushner, MD, FACS, COL (ret) US Army 8 Daytona Beach, Florida FPOW Vietnam 9 10 Tom Hanton, President, NAM POWS Mount Pleasant, South Carolina 11 FPOW Vietnam 12 Shoshana Johnson 13 State of Texas FPOW Operation Iraqi Freedom 14 15 Norman Bussel, National Service Officers Montrose, Virginia 16 FPOW World War II 17 The Rev. Dr. Robert G. Certain 18 Chaplain, Colonel, USAFR (Retired) FPOW Vietnam 19 20 Robert W. Fletcher Department of Veteran Affairs 21 Advisory Committee on Former POWs Ann Arbor, Michigan 22 FPOW Korea 23 Eric R. Robinson, Analyst, Interagency Data Sharing 24 Designated Federal Officer Washington, D.C. -
H. Con. Res. 210
IV 108TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. CON. RES. 210 Honoring Army Specialist Shoshana Nyree Johnson, former prisoner of war in Iraq. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JUNE 5, 2003 Mr. RANGEL (for himself, Mr. BISHOP of Georgia, Mr. BALLANCE, Ms. CORRINE BROWN of Florida, Ms. CARSON of Indiana, Mrs. CHRISTENSEN, Mr. CLYBURN, Mr. CONYERS, Mr. CUMMINGS, Mr. DAVIS of Alabama, Mr. DAVIS of Illinois, Mr. FATTAH, Mr. FORD, Mr. HASTINGS of Florida, Mr. JACKSON of Illinois, Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas, Mr. JEFFERSON, Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas, Mrs. JONES of Ohio, Ms. KILPATRICK, Ms. LEE, Mr. LEWIS of Georgia, Ms. MAJETTE, Mr. MEEK of Florida, Mr. MEEKS of New York, Ms. MILLENDER-MCDONALD, Ms. NORTON, Mr. OWENS, Mr. PAYNE, Mr. RUSH, Mr. SCOTT of Georgia, Mr. SCOTT of Virginia, Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi, Mr. TOWNS, Ms. WATERS, Ms. WATSON, Mr. WATT, Mr. WYNN, and Mr. CLAY) submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Armed Services CONCURRENT RESOLUTION Honoring Army Specialist Shoshana Nyree Johnson, former prisoner of war in Iraq. Whereas Specialist Shoshana Nyree Johnson, United States Army, of El Paso, Texas, was born on January 18, 1973, the daughter of retired Army Sergeant First Class Claude Johnson and Eunice Johnson; 2 Whereas upon receiving orders on February 2003, Specialist Johnson was deployed to the Persian Gulf region as part of the Army’s 507th Maintenance Company; Whereas on March 23, 2003, Specialist Johnson’s unit was ambushed by Iraqi troops in Nasiriyah, Iraq, and Spe- cialist Johnson -
Home Sweet Home
I Home Sweet Home Family, friends await the homecoming of loved ones in Iraq Tank Battalion, 1st Marine Corpsman Mark Delay, is headed based at Fort Bliss, Texas, remain cooked for him. He’s told me tit By Chelsea J. Carter Division to Twentynine Palms, home aboard the Lincoln, but her overseas, although five former he wants green chile chide THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Calif. thoughts also are with those POWs from the company returned enchiladas,” said Natalie Hutto She just hopes he’s back by whose spouses remain in the to the base Saturday. Two Apache of El Paso, Texas. SAN DIEGO — Audrey August, in time for the birth of Middle East. helicopter crewmen who were Everett plans a welcome Trevino has played it over in her their second child. “Our husbands are on the way among the rescued POWs also party for the USS Lincoln, v mind a thousand times: Her Navy “The rumors are starting, and home. There are men on the front returned Saturday to their base. cheering crowd waving 2i husband steps off the ship after you just hope they are true,” she lines who are going to be there Fort Hood, Texas. yellow pompoms. Club Broadra months at sea supporting the war said. for months,” she said. “So it’s “We will have several welcome Ten-year-old Jake Rabidou of hard to be so excited.” has even begun collecting in Iraq, grabs her in his arms and celebrations, not only for (the tions from local customers so kisses her. Camp Lejeune, N.C., also does Some cities already have had n’t know how long he’s going to homecoming celebrations. -
WWII Question of “Why We !Ght” with “For the Soldiers Themselves.” Forrest Gump W!/ W" “S)00$%# #!" T%$$0.”: R!"#$%&'-+ E1$+)#&$2
W!" W# “S$%%&'( (!# T'&&%)”: R!#(&'*+,- E.&-$(*&/) R!"#$ S%&'( ) is essay tracks the genealogy of the contemporary call to “support the troops,” a rhetoric that includes but goes beyond the strategic and argumentative use of the phrase itself. Support-the-troops rhetoric has two major functions: de*ection and dissociation. De*ection involves discursive trends in play since Vietnam that have rede+ned war as a +ght to save our own soldiers—especially the captive soldier—rather than as a struggle for policy goals external to the military. As such, this discourse directs civic attention away from the question of whether the particular war policy is just. ) e essay explicates these trends through an examination of the POW/MIA, war +lm, and the symbol of the yellow ribbon. ) e second trope, dissociation, quarantines the citizen from questions of military action by manufacturing distance between citizen and soldier. Dissociation o, en goes further to de+ne civic deliberation and dissent as an attack on the soldier body and thus an ultimate immoral act. ) is essay explores this trope through executive rhetoric, an analysis of the particular phrase “support the troops,” metaphor for war, and John Kerry’s run for the presidency in -../. Both de*ection and dissociation work to discipline and mute public deliberation in matters of war. ) e essay concludes by considering strategies for reopening spaces for democratic deliberation. R!"#$ S%&'( is Assistant Professor of Speech Communication at the University of Georgia in Athens. © 2009 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. All rights reserved. Rhetoric & Public Affairs Vol. 12, No. 4, 2009, pp. -
Contents: Report from the Chair
Peace and War Logo Newsletter of the Peace and War Section of the American Sociological Association February 1998 Contents: Report from the Chair: Genocide and the Social Sciences Charles Moskos & The ASA Public Understanding of Sociology Award LETTER: The Name Change Debate Candidates for Section Offices Publications by Section Members Member News DON'T FORGET TO RECRUIT ONE NEW SECTION MEMBER!!! Book Reviewers Needed Announcements & Calls For Papers Report from the Chair: Greetings from soggy California. The major work of organizing the sessions for the August meetings in San Francisco is done and our next newsletter will include session titles and participants.The Peace and War section day is the last day of the ASA meetings, Tuesday, August 25th. Our reception will be the night before, Monday, August 24. I hope all section members can plan to be with us for our section sessions, round tables, and vital business meeting. Our section membership as of mid-February was 190 including 51 new members! Thanks and congratulations to all those who worked on recruiting new members. There are 92 colleagues who were members of the section in 1997 who have not yet renewed. We will do all we can to get them to renew them in time to get the election ballots. If all or most of them renew we would be within striking distance of 300 members by September 1998 - a year early! I am very encouraged that we were able to gain 51 new members by solid efforts to recruit colleagues with similar interests and without a name change. -
The Implications of National Service for Corrections James B. Jacobs
.......................................................... The Implications of National Service for Corrections James B. Jacobs Cornel University April 1982 ----------------------------------------------------------. CRSO Working Paper /I260 Copies available through: Paper Prepared for presentation at Center for Research on the University of Chicago Conference Social Organization in Honor of Morris Janowitz University of Michigan May 14-15, 1982 330 Packard Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 National Service is an idea that will not be put to rest. The image of young people realizing their own potential by THE IMPLICATIONS OF busying themselves in behalf of the nation has reappeared NATIONAL SERVICE FOR CORRECTIONS throughout the twentieth century, or at least since it was sug- gested by William James in his 1910 essay "The Moral Equivalent of ~ar."l It achieved partial realization in the Civilian Con- servation Corps during the Depression, and was seen again with James 8. Jacobs the creation of the Peace Corps under President Kennedy. Cornell University National Service surfaced again in the mid 1960es, this time in response to criticisms of the inequities of Vietnam-era con- scription.2 Proponents like Morris Janowitz vigorously argued that if all young Ameicans were required to serve their country for a short time in a military or civilian capacity, not only would the nation meet its military manpower needs, but it would do so in a way that would provide multiple benefits to young people and to the country.3 Whereas the draft necessarily created resentment on the part of the minority who were chosen to serve, National Service, he argued, would universalize and therefore legitimate the duty to serve. -
H. Con. Res. 109
IV 109TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. CON. RES. 109 Honoring Army Specialist Shoshana Nyree Johnson, former prisoner of war in Iraq. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MARCH 17, 2005 Mr. RANGEL submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Armed Services CONCURRENT RESOLUTION Honoring Army Specialist Shoshana Nyree Johnson, former prisoner of war in Iraq. Whereas Specialist Shoshana Nyree Johnson, United States Army, of El Paso, Texas, was born on January 18, 1973, the daughter of retired Army Sergeant First Class Claude Johnson and Eunice Johnson; Whereas upon receiving orders on February 2003, Specialist Johnson was deployed to the Persian Gulf region as part of the Army’s 507th Maintenance Company; Whereas on March 23, 2003, Specialist Johnson’s unit was ambushed by Iraqi troops in Nasiriyah, Iraq, and Spe- cialist Johnson and five other members of that unit were captured and became prisoners of war; 2 Whereas Specialist Johnson suffered gunshot wounds in both ankles and rough treatment by her captors; Whereas Specialist Johnson’s interrogation by her captors was seen by television viewers around the world in a vid- eotape released by her Iraqi captors; Whereas Specialist Johnson’s plight resonated in the hearts of all Americans; Whereas Specialist Johnson, as well as four others from her unit and two helicopter pilots, were rescued by United States Marines on April 13, 2003; Whereas upon that rescue, all eight United States military personnel who were captured and held as prisoners of war during Operation -
Chapter Gives a Background of the Journal and Information About Each Editor
A Description of the Articles of the Past Five Years of Armed Forces & Society By Nathan Sexton An Applied Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Public Administration Texas State University Fall 2003 Political Science 5397 Dr. Patricia Shields Faculty Approval __________________________ __________________________ 1 Abstract The purpose of this Applied Research Project is to describe the substantive content of recent articles in Armed Forces & Society. This paper uses the framework of Guy L. Siebold (2001) to analyze the content of 117 Armed Forces & Society articles from the past five years. The settings chapter gives a background of the journal and information about each editor. Guy L. Siebold (2001 pp. 143) identifies four areas of military sociology that require attention. The four areas include (1) the military as a profession of arms, (2) the military as an institution or organization, (3) civil-military relations, and (4) military relations with other governmental agencies and militaries (Siebold 2001 pp140). The key facets of military sociology as set by Siebold are used to classify the content in the journal. The results found that the most discussed topics in the journal are historical development; education or training; recruitment or promotion; social issues or innovation, demographics; goals, ways of operating or the I/O debate, and the degree of conflict, harmony, or cooperation as related to civil-military relations. 2 Table of Contents Chapter One ..................................................................................................................... -
A Slightly Modified Version of This Study Appears in International Security, Vol
A slightly modified version of this study appears in International Security, vol. 27, no. 2, (Fall, 2002), pp. 178-197. International Security is edited at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University. “A Modest Proposal: Privacy as a Flawed Rationale for the Exclusion of Gays and Lesbians from the U.S. Military” by Aaron Belkin* and Melissa Sheridan Embser-Herbert** *Assistant Professor Department of Political Science University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9420 [email protected]; (805) 893-5664 **Associate Professor Department of Sociology Hamline University Box 162, 1536 Hewitt Ave. St. Paul, MN 55104 [email protected]; (651) 523-2564 Statement of Authors’ Affiliations: Aaron Belkin is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Director of the Center for the Study of Sexual Minorities in the Military. He is co-author and author of studies of gays and lesbians in the military including “Homosexuality and the Israel Defense Forces; Did Lifting the Gay Ban Undermine Military Performance?” in Armed Forces and Society. Melissa S. Embser-Herbert is Associate Professor of Sociology at Hamline University and author of Camouflage Isn’t Only for Combat: Gender, Sexuality, and Women in the Military, published by NYU Press in 1998. Abstract: The justification for excluding acknowledged homosexuals from the U.S. military is the unit cohesion rationale, the notion that lifting the gay ban would undermine combat performance. As a growing body of evidence has challenged the plausibility of this argument, the ban’s supporters increasingly have justified exclusion by the preservation of heterosexual privacy in the barracks and showers. -
Professor Predicts Consequences of Gulf War II
Jacksonville State University JSU Digital Commons Chanticleer Historical Newspapers 2003-04-17 Chanticleer | Vol 51, Issue 28 Jacksonville State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib_ac_chanty Recommended Citation Jacksonville State University, "Chanticleer | Vol 51, Issue 28" (2003). Chanticleer. 1367. https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib_ac_chanty/1367 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Historical Newspapers at JSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chanticleer by an authorized administrator of JSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLEER .jsn,&dchm~acbet- Jacksonville State Universitv Volume 51. Issue 28 Professor predicts consequences of Gulf War II intro to American government, modem "American troops will be caught in the Savage details the government the the U.S. and Americans abroad. By Jamie M. Eubanks political theory and governments of middle of hostilities between ethnic United States will put together and how -'When Napoleon's troops liberated The Chanticleer News Editor Europe. groups." These ethnic groups include this American presence in the country areas, people cheered," Savage said. Another reason he wrote the article Kurds, Moslems and a guerilla move- will cause more American casualties. "After the troops remained, people Opinions are divided on the effects was due to how some textbooks have a ment. He feels this will also lead more wanted them out. This is going to hap- of Gulf War 11. Recently, a JSU pro- skewed perspective on the Middle East. "In the Middle East they have a countries to "abandon their lukewarm pen again." fessor published an article predicting Savage received a textbook, which Western idea of nationalism and they sympathy for the U.S.