Openness of Society Croatia 2005 Openness of Society Croatia 2005 Copyright Open Society Institut - Croatia 2005
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Corruption in local self-government. No accurate and reliable information available to the public on the financing of electoral campaigns. Constant difficulties of disabled persons in getting around obstacles in the places where FORUM OTVORENOG DRU©TVA they live. OPEN SOCIETY FORUM Laws passed without satisfactory supervisory mechanisms and sanctions. The inefficiency of courts leads to cases frequently falling into the statute of limitation. The education system fails to eliminate the problem of the inadequate education of disadvantaged children. Insufficient topics in educational programmes related to gender and physical diversity. Students unable to select educational contents to Openness of Society a sufficient extent. Lack of opportunity for students to initiate Croatia 2005 specific changes aimed at improving higher education. Unequal access of small enterprises to public tenders. Non-transparent privatisation of state-owned companies. Inefficient fight against the hidden economy. Daily newspapers under the influence of particular interest groups. Do you wish to live in a society where such statements from our everyday life are continually repeated? Probably not. If not, this means that you wish to live in a society where you have the opportunity to INSTITUT OTVORENO DRU©TVO hrvatska choose, to become involved and to make a OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE croatia difference. Openness of Society Croatia 2005 Openness of society Croatia 2005 Copyright Open Society Institut - Croatia 2005 Group of authors Publisher: Open Society Institute - Croatia, Ilica 73, Zagreb For the publisher: Andrea Feldman Editor: Simona Goldstein Proof reading: Ines Trkulja English translation: Davies d.o.o Design and layout: Organizacija d.o.o. Printed by: Grafomark, Zagreb Zagreb, 2005. Number of copies: 500 CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji Nacionalna i sveuËiliπna knjiænica - Zagreb UDK 308(497.5)"2005" OPENNESS of society : Croatia 2005 / <editor Simona Goldstein>. - Zagreb : Open Society Institute, 2005. ISBN 953-95092-1-1 I. Pravni sustav -- Hrvatska -- 2005. -- Istraæivanje II. Politika -- Hrvatska -- 2005. -- Istraæivanje III. Obrazovanje -- Hrvatska -- 2005. -- Istraæivanje IV. Masovni mediji -- Hrvatska -- 2005. -- Istraæivanje V. Manjinske grupe -- Hrvatska -- 2005. -- Istraæivanje VI. Gospodarstvo -- Hrvatska -- 2005. -- Istraæivanje VII. Hrvatska -- Otvorenost druπtva -- 2005. -- Istraæivanje 450609004 ISBN ISBN 953-95092-1-1 Openness of Society Croatia 2005 2005 Contents Slavica Singer - Foreword..................................................................... 007 Joseph LaPalombara - OSI and the promotion of a more open society in Croatia: some central concepts ......................................................... 023 Aleksandar ©tulhofer - Open Society Index: theoretical concept, methodology and measurement ............................................................ 029 Draæen LaliÊ - Using case study methods in the drafting of the Open Society Index ........................................................................................ 039 Interpretation of results ...................................................................... 051 Davor Gjenero - Minorities ............................................................ 052 Zrinjka Peruπko - Medija .............................................................. 070 Tomislav Reπkovac - Education .................................................... 086 Velimir ©onje - Economy ............................................................... 109 Ksenija TurkoviÊ- Rule of law ........................................................ 129 Nenad Zakoπek - Transparency and the attained degree of democracy in political processes .................................................... 152 Case studies ......................................................................................... 173 Marina ©krabalo -The influence of the Catholic Church on the policy of reproductive and sexual rights and health from the beginning of 2004 to March 2005 ................................................... 174 Nataπa ©krbiÊ - The position of the Serbian national minority in Croatia 2004 - positive steps, key issues and recommendations ..... 211 About Open Society Institute - Croatia ............................................... 235 Notes on the authors ........................................................................... 237 Open Society Forum: Why, How and For Whom? Slavica Singer Foreword Slavica Singer Corruption in local self-government. continually repeated? No accurate and reliable information available Probably not. to the public on the financing of electoral campaigns. If not, this means that you wish to live in a Constant difficulties of disabled persons in society where you have the opportunity to getting around obstacles in the places where choose, to become involved and to make a they live. difference. Laws passed without satisfactory supervisory mechanisms and sanctions. Declarative statements in themselves will not The inefficiency of courts leads to cases change a society from one where there is no frequently falling into the statute of limitation. choice, involvement or influence, into a society The education system fails to eliminate the where one can choose, become involved problem of the inadequate education of and make a difference. Such a change can disadvantaged children. be brought about only through a process of Insufficient topics in educational programmes constant, joint efforts to strengthen the related to gender and physical diversity. independence of individuals based on Students unable to select educational knowledge and integrity, and through the contents to a sufficient extent. institutional capacity to provide efficient and Lack of opportunity for students to initiate equal services to meet citizens’ needs. specific changes aimed at improving higher Although there are different aspects to an education. open society, drawing a parallel with the Unequal access of small enterprises to public concept of an open system might help to tenders. clarify certain patterns. Openness and Non-transparent privatisation of state-owned complexity are inseparable: the reality of companies. personal and institutional life is based on an Inefficient fight against the hidden economy. uninterrupted chain of interactions between Daily newspapers under the influence of the environment and the system (both particular interest groups. individual and institutional). However, what can be done is to develop the capacities to Do you wish to live in a society where such understand and manage these interactions. statements from our everyday life are If closedness, which can be accepted only 008 in rare and extraordinary situations, gets out second study has been completed. Since of control for a longer period of time, then the aim of this project is to contribute to the the viability of the entire system is threatened. development of an open society, we are open for cooperation, suggestions and discussion An open society is an ever elusive goal; on all its parts, from the strengthening of the however, the crucial thing is the process itself. conceptual framework and the further Only when the process of everyday choices, development of the methodological approach, participation and influence in creating a to the application of the results. All the results system of values to allow us to achieve of the conducted study are in the public harmony with people and nature by using domain at www.soros.hr. the “seventh generation” test (ensuring that we do not close the opportunity for making Acknowledgements choices, participating and making a difference for future generations) becomes everyday We are particularly proud that the idea, its practice for all of us can we say that we have elaboration through the conceptual achieved an open society (as a process, and framework, and the design of the not a condition). methodology for studying societal openness have attracted such a broad group of Croatian Invitation experts. The following persons actively participated in conceiving the idea and the Here we present the first report of the open conceptual framework, and in drawing up society study which consists of a description the methodology: Dragan BagiÊ, Æarko BajiÊ, of the conceptual framework, methodology Ivan BuriÊ, Gvozden Flego, Tin Gazivoda, and interpretation of the results of expert and Draæen LaliÊ, Slavica Singer, Marina ©krabalo, public opinion for all the six dimensions of Aleksandar ©tulhofer, Vesna TerπeliË, Nenad an open society: rule of law, education, the Zakoπek. Professor Joseph LaPalombara media, economic freedoms and from Yale University, USA, provided important entrepreneurship, transparency and the support in all the stages of the project democratic quality of political processes, and development. minorities and marginalised groups. The composite open society indexes will be Two roundtable discussions (in September available only in the following year when the 2003 and September 2004) gave rise to 009 useful ideas in shaping the OPEN SOCIETY other an example of closedness. FORUM project which was conducted with the participation of Croatian and foreign Special thanks go to Simona Goldstein and experts or representatives of international Andrea Feldman who achieved the organisations. In addition, Kalman Mizsei, impossible, communicating with, and Director of the UNDP regional office for Europe organising, the study team, experts, and new independent states, also contributed