Did you know? AND OTHERTIDBITS QUAKER MEANS educational opportunities also burnedhisviolinand O all hismusicandcovered respect andprovidegood himself inhisowndung riginally acomposer,he Right: Below: as asignofjudgment. famously wentnaked pay, healthcare,and CHOCOLATE MAKER makers triedtotreat SIGNS O THE BUTCHER, their workerswith BAKER, AN Quaker chocolate S olomon Barclay, astrong abolitionistBarclay, and supporter Wil of grandsonand Freame’s David Thomas Gould in 1690. all back Quaker to the way goldsmiths John Freame ers had a national to bank their for movement, Barclays Bank,Quaker the closest today. thing Quak inists?” see andFrys, Rowntrees “Godless more, capital (for three famed British chocolate companies: Cadburys, prominence in business. Quaker businessmen owned The nineteenth century many saw Quakers rise to DOING BUSINESSWITHFRIEN F TROUBLE as signs. D E ccles THE CH Q . 104). None of the of None three firms 104). remains UALITY, N AKED EVANGELISTS, D S goes - - - God’s message. they calledfelt were strange do to things preach to they Like thesign.” the Testament, prophets of Old front the ills British of naked society as a was “go to theof most unusual things Friends early did con to stop them fromdidn’t taking off their clothes. One QuakersEarly take not would arms, up that but FIRE AN consumers associated “Quaker” with “Quality.” branded with Quaker labels because marketers and hosiery bathtubs to whiskey to chamber to were pots, dozens commercial of ranging products, from rugs to Pennsylvania, the William state Penn founded. In fact connectionno Quakers, to other than being named for Quaker Oilpedia Motor State also article has in 1877. Oats learned Quakerism about reading by an encyclo Quaker“Quaker” all. aren’t at The founders Quaker of munications empire continued the telegram service that acom had it made passed Quaker of out hands and in in 2006 dis 1881 also Thewho company cofounded Cornell University. Quaker by pany and politician educator Ezra Cornell, ernwas Union founded as a telegram-sending com Jamaicanplantation received he settle to West a debt. freeto and transport Philadelphia to on a the slaves liam £3,000 his Wilberforce, of spent over own money . naked, “signifying William Simpson wrote that passed he through Oxford the earthly of folly wealth and In success 1654 in 1652. in which the strip naked Lord would you and bare” But some famousBut products with the name George Fox encouraged goingGeorge Fox naked point to out D BRIMSTONEONHISHEA . that the was near Hand Day at Christian History History Christian D - - - - - - VINTAGE CADBURY Ad—BODLEIAN LIBRARIES, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD / THE ART ARCHIVE AT ART RESOURCE SOLOMON EAGLe, 1843—(OIL ON CANVAS), POOLE, PAUL FALCONer (1807–79) / SHEFFIELD GALLERIES AND MUSEUMS TRUST, UK / PHOTO © MUSEUMS SHEFFIELD / BRIDGEMAN IMAGES Quaker Oats—Collier’s Weekly, FEBRUARY 9, 1907 The Quakeress, 1928— SSPL/NATIONAL MEDIA MUSEUM / ART RESOURCE, NY THE QUAKER TAPestry—© PANEL E3, BANKERING. THIS IMAGE IS ONE OF THE 77 ILLUSTRATIONS KNOWN AS THE QUAKER TAPESTRY WHICH IS A COMMUNITY TEXTILE OF EMBROIDERED PANELS MADE BY 4,000 PEOPLE FROM 15 COUNTRIES. THE EXHIBITION LIFE, REVO- LUTIONS AND REMARKABLE PEOPLE CAN BE SEEN AT THE QUAKER TAPESTRY MUSEUM IN THE QUAKER MEETING HOUSE IN KENDAL, CUMBRIA UK. FURTHER INFORMATION: HTTP://WWW.QUAKER-TAPESTRY.CO.UK VINTAGE CADBURY Ad—BODLEIAN LIBRARIES, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD / THE ART ARCHIVE AT ART RESOURCE SOLOMON EAGLe, 1843—(OIL ON CANVAS), POOLE, PAUL FALCONer (1807–79) / SHEFFIELD GALLERIES AND MUSEUMS TRUST, UK / PHOTO © MUSEUMS SHEFFIELD / BRIDGEMAN IMAGES Quaker Oats—Collier’s Weekly, FEBRUARY 9, 1907 The Quakeress, 1928— SSPL/NATIONAL MEDIA MUSEUM / ART RESOURCE, NY THE QUAKER TAPestry—© PANEL E3, BANKERING. THIS IMAGE IS ONE OF THE 77 ILLUSTRATIONS KNOWN AS THE QUAKER TAPESTRY WHICH IS A COMMUNITY TEXTILE OF EMBROIDERED PANELS MADE BY 4,000 PEOPLE FROM 15 COUNTRIES. THE EXHIBITION LIFE, REVO- LUTIONS AND REMARKABLE PEOPLE CAN BE SEEN AT THE QUAKER TAPESTRY MUSEUM IN THE QUAKER MEETING HOUSE IN KENDAL, CUMBRIA UK. FURTHER INFORMATION: HTTP://WWW.QUAKER-TAPESTRY.CO.UK Issue 117 Issue words: fellhe with first in at this love sight, one these aQuaker, in poetry: Lord Byron wrote the one to of many women certainly It’s the not gum”). only time Quakers appear chewing more laughing, “No fun” more no chewing (or ing anoise: “Quaker meeting has begun. more /No game” see to children long how without mak could go generationsprompted parents of begin to the “quiet The Quaker practice speaking not of in worship N ing ‘Repent! Repent!’” chafing illy tied scandal the about privities avoid and to with a cameQuaker, naked through the Hall, only very civ Westminster a at Eccles], Hall inday 1667 “[Solomon And famed diary-keeper noted that one Samuel Pepys from both the English government and church. state its Sheffield Meeting in Britain penned this classic: theirat own expense) as Simon well. Heywood the of SOWING PUREOATS designs wereclearlybasedonWilliamPenn does notrepresentaspecificQuaker,butearly promotes “honesty,integrity,purityandstrength” “May heaven so guard my lovely quaker, so guard heaven lovely “May my O MORECHEWINGGUM But bliss be aye her heart’s partaker!” bliss her heart’s But be aye That peace and forsake virtue her, ne’er That anguish her; can never o’ertake care: The bosom’s dictate my of . Quakers with up come rhymes (sometimes have Let breathe me this parting prayer, -dish fire of and brimstone his upon head T oday Quaker O ats saysitslogo . 20th-c. cry - - - “may heavensoguar Quaker dress. photographed in1928 banking at and QUAKER NETWORKING for ahundredfor miles around. be the only Quakerthen I’d in the Quaker burial ground the for Quakers wasn’t If it again home at stayed is they’ve thebut sense Monthly of Meeting with pen ready my and I’m all got the minutesI’ve drafted no-one all.and here at there’s the Monthly of clerk MeetingI’m feeling veryand small. I’m little alonely Quaker I’m L loyds. B O arclays! ne ofthecofounders D G mylovelyquaker” reat Quakers foundedboth B ritain, . wearstraditional CH L loyds trainedin B T arclays his girl, 1 Editor’s note ONE OF OUR EDITORIAL STAFF was first intro- chocolate makers who set up humane workplaces dur- duced to the Quakers through the old rhyme “Quaker ing the Industrial Revolution, and Quakers who fought meeting has begun,” employed by her mother to quiet in the Civil War. We even find out that Quaker Oats has the troops. (Read it in “Did you know?” on the inside nothing to do with Quakers and that Whittier wanted front cover.) In my case, it was the Marguerite de Angeli to be remembered for much more than writing “Dear children’s book Thee, Hannah! that opened my eyes to Lord and Father of Mankind.” Quaker plain dress and commitment to abolition. Thirty- What ties all these people together? One of our five years later, I still recall Hannah’s doleful contempla- authors shared this statement from a group of Quakers tion of her non-Quaker friends’ much fancier bonnets. attempting to reach consensus in 1985: Some of us pass plain white Quaker meeting houses We have often wondered whether there is any- during our daily commute. Many know of Quaker con- thing Quakers today can say as one. After much tributions to British and American history. We might struggle we have discovered that we can proclaim even know of George Fox, William Penn, and Elizabeth this: there is a living God at the centre of all, who Fry, and realize that famed poet John Greenleaf is available to each of us as a Present Teacher at the Whittier and two US presidents were Quakers (Herbert very heart of our lives. We seek as people of God to Hoover and Richard Nixon). be worthy vessels to deliver the Lord’s transform- But the full story is much more complicated. ing word, to be prophets of joy who . can testify to Quakerism began in a time of political and religious the world, as George Fox did, that, “the Lord God unrest in seventeenth-century England, in the chaos of is at work in this thick night.” Our priority is to be a country that had beheaded its king and changed its receptive and responsive to the life-giving Word of religious course; it crossed the ocean to America, where God . through the written word—the Scriptures, Quakers got an entire colony to run (Pennsylvania); and the Incarnate Word—Jesus Christ, the Corporate today it continues in great numbers in Africa, where new Word—as discerned by the gathered meeting, or generations are hearing the Quaker message (see p. 36). the Inward Word of God in our hearts . available to each of us who seek the Truth. C H SEEKING THE LIGHT Through the years Quakerism has been marked by dis- Jennifer Woodruff Tait tinctive “testimonies”—simplicity, silence, nonviolence, Managing editor, Christian History equality, and communal decision-making—but their practice varies widely. Modern Quakers range from P.S. In issue 118 of CH, we’re going to reintroduce a let- groups almost indistinguishable from American evan- ters to the editor page. You already gelicals to those who frame the “Inner Light” (tradition- write us a lot, so please keep it up! ally, Christ’s light within) as a kind of universal divine. Some of the most thought-provoking, OBIN HELLER OBIN HELLER In their 350-year story, we discover abolitionists, prison interesting, and occasionally correc- R reformers, and peace marchers, but also Quakers who tive letters will be selected. We’re went naked as a sign of impending judgment, Quaker happy to be bringing this feature back. OTO H Find Christian History on Facebook as ChristianHistoryMagazine, or visit our web- In an article in issue 34 reprinted in 115, site at www.christianhistorymagazine.org.