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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-64310-8 - Cambridge World Archaeology: The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age Li Liu and Xingcan Chen Index More information INDEX Acer, 44 water buffalo, 108–111 Acorns, 57–58, 63–64, 71–72 Xicha faunal remains, 385t Agriculture Anyang excavation, 2, 5–6, 12–13 animal domestication (See Animal Archaeological culture concept described, xxi domestication) Artemisia, 44, 52 climate change effects on, 39 development, middle Neolithic period, Baijia characterization, 150, 152t 169–171 Baijia-Dadiwan culture, 124f, 150, 151f, 152t. Hongshan culture (See Hongshan culture) See also Dadiwan irrigation systems, 82 Baiyinchanghan Liaodong peninsula, 234–236 characterization of, 129, 131f Majiayao culture, 232–233 pig domestication, 100–101, 130–132 multicropping development, 95–96 ritual activities with figurations, 131f, 132 pastoralism development, 39–40, 228, 229f, subsistence economy, 174–176, 176t, 177 230 Banpo, 111–115, 401 plant domestication (See Plant domestication) Banshan, 216t, 233–234 rice field management, 82 Baodun culture Southeast China, 247 chronology, 216t Allan, Sarah, 259 site characterization, 215f, 216t, 246 Andersson, Johan Gunnar, 4–5, 7–8, Bashidang 322–323 characterization of, 154, 157f Animal domestication rice cultivation in, 76–77 cattle, 106–108, 108f, 109f sedentism in, 164–165 chickens, 115–116 soybean cultivation in, 87 dogs, 97f, 96–97, 98 Beifudi dynamics of, 119 characterization of, 134–135, 135f, 136f, 136, horse, 113f, 111–113, 115, 359f, 382f, 383f, 137t, 138 386–388, 401 material remains classification, 136–137, 165 Lijiagou, Bianbiandong sites, 56–57 pottery, 138 Nanzhuangtou site, 56 ritual activity, social complexity in, 167 Neolithic, 165 sedentism, 137–138 overview, 96, 97f, 117–118, 121–122 Beiwutun, 401 pigs, 97f, 98–100, 100f, 101f, 103f, 104t, 104, Beixin culture, 181f, 184, 185f 119, 130–132 Bellwood, Peter, 248–249 process of, 103f, 104t, 103–104 Bettinger, R., 44–45 secondary products in, 116–117 Betula, 44 sheep, goat, 97f, 105–106 Bianbiandong, 56–57 463 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-64310-8 - Cambridge World Archaeology: The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age Li Liu and Xingcan Chen Index More information 464 Index Bianxianwang, 217–218 Chengtoushan Binford, L. R., 45 burials, 199–200 Black, Davidson, 4 rice cultivation in, 82 Bronze Age social complexity development, 170f, cattle domestication, 107–108 198–200, 201f Central Asian, Eurasian steppe cultures subsistence economy, 200 exploration, 345–346 Chengziya horse domestication, 111–115, 401 horse domestication, 401 metallurgy, 345–346 salt making, 217–218 mobility, 346 site characterization, 275–276 Northern Zone bronze cultural complex (See Chenopodiaceae, 52 Northern Zone bronze cultural complex) China pastoralism, 346 Chineseness interpretation, 392–394 political expansion, Central Plains states, civilization, cultural identity formation, 346–347 396–397 sheep domestication, 105 climate changes in, 30–31, 31f, 32 social complexity development, 347–349 North (See North China) soybean cultivation in, 87, 88–90 outside world interactions, 394–396 water buffalo domestication, 110 South (See South China) Xinjiang (See Xinjiang) Cishan Burials characterization of, 133, 135f, 138 of dogs, 98 chicken domestication, 115–116 Donghulin site, 53f, 54 dog domestication, 98 Ganguya, 334–335 millet domestication, 84, 133 Haochuan, 242 pig domestication, 99–100, 100f, 101f of horses, 112, 114 sedentism in, 134 horse sculptures in, 359f, 383f, 386 subsistence economy, 133–134 Jiahu (See Jiahu) Cishan-Beifudi culture Jingjie, 381–383, 383f, 387 Beifudi site (See Beifudi) Late Shang dynasty (See Late Shang dynasty) characterization of, 124f, 133 Longgangsi, 194–195 Civilization origins Niuheliang site, 178, 179f multiregional development model (quxi leixing of pigs, 101–102 concept), 14, 16–17, 246–247 Qawrighul¨ cemetery, 337–338, 339f national history reconstruction in, 17–19 Qianzhangda (See Qianzhangda) overview, 15–16 Qiaobei, 383–384, 401 prehistoric development, 22–24 Qijia culture (See Qijia culture) Complex societies (Bronze Age), 347–349, shamanistic, 196, 197f 398 Siba culture (See Siba culture) Complex societies (late Neolithic) Songze culture, 203–204 chronology, 216t Tieban River cemetery, 337–338, 339f overview, 213–214, 214f, 215f, 216t, 216, veneration of dead, 189f, 194–196 250–252, 397–399 Xishuipo, 196, 197f South, West China, 246–247 Yangshan, 233, 235f Southeast China, 247 Yinxu (See Yinxu) Southwest, West China, 249–250 Zhudingyuan, 192–193 Yangzi River region (See Yangzi River region) Yellow River region (See Yellow River Cangyuan rock art, 110 region) Canoes, 160 Cooking methods, 63–64, 67–68 Caoxieshan, 82 Corylus, 61 Castanopsis, 61 Cyclobalanopsis, 61 Chang, K. C., 80, 210, 248–249, 392–394 Cyperaceae, 61 Chengbeixi culture, 155f, 156 Cyperax, 52 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-64310-8 - Cambridge World Archaeology: The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age Li Liu and Xingcan Chen Index More information Index 465 Dabagou, 111–115, 401 Dingsishan culture, 91–92, 124f, 161–162, 163f Dabenkeng culture, 170f, 209–210, 209f Domestication Dadai Liji, 86 of animals (See Animal domestication) Dadianzi of plants (See Plant domestication) burials, 306–307, 307f, 308, 309f socioeconomic competition model (food-fight cultural interactions, 307f, 309f, 310–312 theory), 119–120 metallurgy, 308–309, 309f, 310 Donghuishan pig domestication, 102 burials, 334–335 prestige items, 311 sheep domestication, 105–106 Dadiwan subsistence, settlement patterns, 333–334 characterization, 150–151, 151f, 152t Donghulin, 52–53, 53f, 55, 57, 70 dog domestication, 98 Dongshanzui, 179, 181f millet domestication, 83–84, 150–151 Dongxiafeng pig domestication, 99–100, 100f, 101f bronze casting at, 271 social hierarchy, 193–194, 195f characterization of, 285, 286f Dahaimeng, 90 salt production, 285 Dahecun, 88 “Doubters of Antiquity” (yigupai), 3 Dahezhuang Doujitai, 7 horse domestication, 112, 401 stone circles, 325–326, 325f Egou, 143t Dakou culture, 214f, 216t, 228 Environment, ecology Dashigu, 263 aridification, cooling, 38 Dating conventions, xxi communications in geographical contexts, Daundong, 91 40–41 Davies, M. Stuart, 81 ecological divisions, 27f, 29–30 Dawenkou culture geography, 22–25, 25f, 26, 27f burials, 186, 187f, 218, 219f human induced environmental deteriorations, decline of, 220 40 food production, civilization origins, 15 monsoon system variations, 32–33, 33f, 34, residential patterns, 218–219 39 salt making, 217–218 overview, 22, 23f, 41 settlement patterns, 215f, 217–218 paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, human signs, symbols, 220, 221f adaptations, 30–31, 31f, 32 social complexity development, 183, 184–186, postglacial abrupt climate changes, 35–37, 37f, 196–197, 187f, 216t 40 subsistence economy, 186, 187f river systems, 26–29 Daxi culture sea level fluctuation, 34–35, 35f, 36f ceramics, 199f Younger Dryas interval, 38 social complexity development, 170f, Erligang culture 198–199, 199f, 200, 201f bronze metallurgy, 282, 283f, 284, 285–287, Daxinzhuang 287f, 288, 379 characterization of, 285, 363 discovery, 10–11 settlement patterns, 363–364 expansion of, 279f, 284–287, 287f, 289f, 289, soybean cultivation in, 90 346–347 Dayan, 162 influences on Zhukaigou, 314–315, 315f, 317f, Dayangzhou, 351f, 370–371, 371f, 372 317, 346–347 Dengjiawan Lower Phase, 269 chicken domestication, 115–116 multicropping agriculture, 95–96 craft production, 243, 245f overview, 278, 279f, 290 Diaotonghuan, 78, 81 Upper Phase, 269–270 Dinggong wheat, barley, oat cultivation, 93–94 salt making, 217–218 Yanshi Shang city, 269, 278–280, 280f signs, symbols, 220, 221f Zhengzhou Shang City (See Zhengzhou) © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-64310-8 - Cambridge World Archaeology: The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age Li Liu and Xingcan Chen Index More information 466 Index Erlitou culture Foragers, collectors (Pleistocene-Holocene, arrowheads, 268 North China) bronze metallurgy, 265f, 271–272, 285–287, Donghulin, Zhuannian sites, 52–53, 53f, 55, 287f, 288 57, 70 burials, 266–267 Hutouliang site, 50–51 characterization of, 257f, 259–260, 274 Lijiagou, Bianbiandong sites, 56–57 collapse of, 398–399 Longwangchan site, 47–49, 49f, 50 control of territory by, 389 Nanzhuangtou site, 55–56, 55f, 57, 70 craft making, 266, 267–268 Shizitan site, 49f, 50 craft specialization, 268 terminal Pleistocene foragers (North China), discovery, 10–11 43f, 46–51 expansion of, 346–347 Xiachuan site (See Xiachuan) hinterland, periphery, 264f, 272–274 Fudian, 143t historiographical study of, 256–258 Fuhao tomb, 356–357, 358, 380 influences on Qijia culture, 331f, 331, Fu Sinian, 5, 6 346–347 palatial town, 268, 278–280 Ganggangwa, 336, 401 Phase I, 266 Ganguya, 333–335 Phase II, 266–268 Gansu Phase III, 265f, 267f, 268 horse domestication, 112, 401 Phase IV, 269 millet domestication, 83–84 piece-mold bronze production, 265f, multicropping agriculture, 95–96 271–272 sheep domestication, 105 political hierarchy in, 259 tuber cultivation, 91–92 pottery, 269, 310 wheat, barley, oat cultivation, 92–94 ritual, religion in, 271–272, 310 Gaohong, 382f, 384–385 salt, 273–274 Gasya, 69–70 site distribution,
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  • A 5,600-Year-Old Wooden Well in Zhejiang Province, China

    A 5,600-Year-Old Wooden Well in Zhejiang Province, China

    A 5,600-year-old wooden well in Zhejiang Province, China Jiu J. Jiao Abstract In 1973, traces of China’s early Neolithic plus ancien puits en bois retrouvé en Chine à l’heure Hemudu culture (7,000–5,000 BP) were discovered in the actuelle. Le site du puits comporte plus de 200 éléments village of Hemudu in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province, en bois, et peut être divisé en deux parties interne et in the lower Yangtze River coastal plain. The site has externe. La partie externe est composée de 28 pieux yielded animal and plant remains in large quantities and ceinturant un étang. La partie interne, constituant le puits large numbers of logs secured with tenon and mortise en lui-même, est située au milieu de l’étang. Les parois du joints, commonly used in wooden buildings and other puits sont recouvertes de pieux en bois jointifs, renforcés wooden structures. For hydrogeologists, the most inter- par une croisée en bois. Les 28 pieux de la partie externe esting structure is an ancient wooden well. The well is du site composaient peut-être partiellement un abri pour le believed to be about 5,600 years old, which makes it the puits, suggérant ainsi que la culture Hemudu prenait déjà oldest wooden well yet found in China. The well site en considération l’hygiène et la protection de l’alimenta- contains over 200 wooden components and can be divided tion en eau. into inner and outer parts. The outer part consists of 28 piles around a pond. The inner part, the wooden well Resumen En 1973 se descubrieron trazas de la Cultura itself, lies in the middle of the pond.