Status of the Sonoran Topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and Desert Pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) in Arizona

(Based on field surveys in Arizona from June 1989 to April 1990 and a review of historic data)

by

Brian E. Bagley, Dean A. Hendrickson, Francisco J. Abarca and Scott D. Hart

Native Fish Biologists Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Wildlife Management Division

A Special Report on Project E5-2, Job 9 Title VI of the Endangered Species Act Project Leader: Terry B. Johnson

Arizona Game and Fish Department 2221 West Greenway Road Phoenix, Arizona 85023-4312

June 1991 Status of the Sonoran Topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and Desert Pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) in Arizona

(Based on field surveys in Arizona from June 1989 to April 1990 and a review of historic data)

by

Brian E. Bagley, Dean A. Hendrickson, Francisco J. Abarca and Scott D. Hart

Native Fish Biologists Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Wildlife Management Division

A Special Report on Project E5-2, Job 9 Title VI of the Endangered Species Act Project Leader: Terry B. Johnson

Arizona Game and Fish Department 2221 West Greenway Road Phoenix, Arizona 85023-4312

June 1991 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Sonoran topminnow and desert pupfish recovery program is a cooperative effort of the Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management. Many conservation organizations, biologists and private individuals have also made important contributions. The following is a list of people who were instrumental in the June 1989-April 1990 monitoring effort and/or provided information for this report. Al Bamman, Debra Bills, Paul Bingham, Carl Bock, Jim Brooks, Matt Brown, Andy Clark, Kevin Cobble, Ron Day, George Divine, Joanne Eckley, Dale and Alice Enlow, Estevan Escobedo, Bill Frantz, Julia Fonseca, Jim Gacey, Mary Gilbert, Neal and Diann Hanna, Will Hayes, Wayne Homan, Tim Hughes, Tom Hunt, Stewart Jacks, Bonnie Jakubos, Glen Jennings, Jim Johnson, Terry B. Johnson, Bill Kepner, Gene Knoder, Sue Kozacek, Paul and Maria Lang, Howard Lawler, Paul Marsh, Gary McEuen, Dana McGehee, W.L. Minckley, Jeff Mitton, Debbie Noel, Charlie Ohrel, Jeff Peterson, Erika Pratts, Rich Rico, Larry Riley, Sarah Sebring, Bob Sharp, Bill Silvey, Jeff and Karen Simms, Lee Simons, Bobbi Simpson, Tom Skinner, Jerry and Sally Stefferud, Sheridan Stone, Eric Swanson, Jim Wallace, Peter Warren, Steve Williams and those who may have been unintentionally omitted. Their help was greatly appreciated.

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES ......

INTRODUCTION ...... 1 Background ...... 1 Gila Topminnow ...... 1 Yaqui Topminnow ...... 2 Desert Pupfish ...... 3 Definitions and Conventions ...... 3

METHODS ...... 5 Introduced Populations ...... 5 Natural Populations ...... 5

RESULTS ...... 6 Introduced Populations ...... 6 Gila Topminnow ...... 6 Yaqui Topminnow ...... 9 Desert Pupfish ...... 10 Natural Populations ...... 10 Gila Topminnow ...... 10 Yaqui Topminnow ...... 13 Desert Pupfish ...... 13

DISCUSSION ...... 14 Gila Topminnow ...... 14 Yaqui Topminnow ...... 15 Desert Pupfish ...... 15

RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 16

LITERATURE CITED ...... 17

APPENDIX A. Summary of all known introductions of Sonoran topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) in Arizona ...... 20

APPENDIX B. Summary of successful, introduced, "wild" Sonoran topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and desert pupfish (Cyprinodonmacularius) populations in 1989 ...... 29

11 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

APPENDIX C. List by site number of all locations of Sonoran topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) populations in Arizona which were surveyed from June 1989 to April 1990 ...... 32 Natural Populations ...... 32 Introduced Populations 0 39

APPENDIX D. List of all potential introduction sites visited in 1989 ...... 61

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Summary of known introductions of Gila topminnows (Poeciliopsis o. occidentalis) into "wild" habitats within historic range in Arizona through 1989 . . 7 Table 2. Summary of introduced "wild" populations of Sonoran topminnows (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) in Arizona which failed between 1987 and 1990, with probable reasons for extirpation . . . . 8 Table 3. Summary of introduced Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis o. occidentalis) populations discovered in 1989 ...... 9 Table 4. Status of natural populations of Sonoran topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) in Arizona during 1989 ...... 12

111 Status of the Sonoran Topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and Desert Pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) in Arizona

by

Brian Bagley, Dean A. Hendrickson, Francisco J. Abarca and Scott D. Hart

INTRODUCTION

The Sonoran topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) once shared a widespread distribution throughout southern Arizona, where they were considered among the most abundant fishes (Hubbs and Miller 1941; Minckley 1973). Due to their declining numbers, they were Federally listed in 1967 and 1986, respectively, as endangered species (U.S. Department of Interior [USDI] 1967, 1986). Habitat modification and loss as well as predation by non-native fishes are believed to have caused these severe declines (Minckley and Deacon 1968; Minckley 1973; Meffe et al. 1983; Schoenherr 1985, 1988; Galat and Robertson 1988; Hendrickson and Varela 1989). Predation by mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), in particular, has had a large effect on the Sonoran topminnow.

In Arizona, the desert pupfish and Sonoran topminnow are each comprised of two subspecies. The Yaqui topminnow (Poeciliopsis o. sonoriensis) is native to the Yaqui River drainage, near Douglas, Arizona. The Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis o. occidentalis) and Lower Colorado River form of desert pupfish (Cyprinodon m. macularius) were historically found in the Gila River drainage in southern Arizona. Quitobaquito Springs, located in the Sonoyta River drainage near Lukeville, Arizona, is the only historic locality for Quitobaquito pupfish (Cyprinodon m. eremus).

Although the Sonoran topminnow is also native to New Mexico and Mexico, only Arizona populations are considered in this report. Likewise, although desert pupfish also occur in California and Mexico, only Arizona populations are discussed here. This report gives an updated status of the Sonoran topminnow and desert pupfish in Arizona during samplings from June 1989 to April 1990 and provides a comprehensive review of historic data. Downlisting is discussed relative to these results.

Background Reestablishment of these fishes has been attempted since 1936 (Minckley and Brooks 1985), but large scale recovery efforts did not start until the early 1980s for the Sonoran topminnow and have yet to take place for the desert pupfish.

Gila Topminnow.--In September 1981, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), U.S. Forest Service (USFS), and Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD) established guidelines for the introduction of Gila topminnows into habitats identified and administered by the U.S. Forest Service. This MOU also set criteria for monitoring introductions and initiating downlisting and delisting procedures. In 1982, an Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 2

intensive topminnow introduction effort began, and in 1983 a Recovery Plan was finalized which incorporated most of the MOU's guidelines. The Recovery Plan (USFWS 1983) treated the two subspecies separately; for the Gila topminnow recovery criteria were as follows:

Downlist when: A. Twenty populations have been successfully reestablished in the wild, within historic range, and have survived for at least three years.

Before 1987, delist when: A. At least 50 percent of the existing natural, reclaimed, or newly discovered natural populations have been secured through removal of and protection against invasion of mosquitofish and other predatory species, and through protection of the habitat by management plans, cooperative agreements, land acquisition, or other means (and) B. Fifty populations have been successfully reestablished in the wild, within historic range, and have survived for at least three years, or thirty populations have been successfully reestablished and have survived for at least five years.

After 1987, delist when: A. Fifty populations have been successfully reestablished in the wild, within historic range, and have survived for at least 3 years, or thirty populations have been successfully reestablished and have survived for at least 5 years.

Yaqui Topminnow.--For the Yaqui topminnow, the recovery criteria were the following (USFWS 1983):

Deist when: A. There is complete Federal control of the San Bernardino Ranch aquatic habitat (and) B. Mosquitofish and other exotic predators have been eliminated from all seven existing San Bernardino Ranch habitats, protection against future exotic fish invasion has been established, and topminnow populations in these habitats are stable and secure (and) C. Stable populations of topminnows have been successfully reestablished in all suitable existing and reclaimed San Bernardino Ranch habitats and have survived for at least 5 years.

Also included in the 1983 Recovery Plan was a step-down outline which identified actions such as: maintaining, protecting and enhancing natural populations; conducting surveys for undiscovered populations; maintaining hatchery stocks of fish; reintroducing fish; supporting studies of topmitmows; enforcing laws to protect topminnow populations and their habitats; and lastly, developing public support through an information and education program. Sonoran Topmimiow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Pagel

Desert Pupfish.--When the desert pupfish was Federally listed, Quitobaquito Springs maintained a large population of Quitobaquito pupfish, as it still does. However, all other natural populations of desert pupfish had been extirpated from the remainder of Arizona (Minckley 1973). A draft Recovery Plan for desert pupfish is currently being reviewed (Sally Stefferud pers. corn. 1991), thus downlisting and delisting criteria are not discussed here.

Definitions and Conventions Clarification of the terms used in the Sonoran Topminnow Recovery Plan and subsequent reports is necessary to avoid ambiguity in deciding which sites should be counted toward recovery. Phrases such as "in the wild" are defined differently in different reports. Should windmill-fed ponds, cement cattle troughs or other artificial habitats be considered "in the wild?" Should populations in state parks or zoos also fit into this category? Criteria are currently being established to more objectively classify sites as "captive" or "in the wild" (Sally Stefferud pers. corn. 1991). However, for the purposes of this report, a "captive population" is one which is located at a site that has a mailing address. All others, no matter how artificial the habitat, are herein considered "in the wild." Thus populations held at universities, museums, zoos, hatcheries and in backyards are not considered "in the wild" and are not incorporated into the discussion in this report. However, all documented stockings of these species to any habitat, wild or captive, are included in Appendix A.

"Renovation" refers to the eradication of a population of fish. An "introduced population," as used in this report, refers to a population which is the result of transplanting fish within historic range to a site which has no record of ever supporting natural populations of the fish being stocked. Populations which establish as a result of dispersal from an introduced population also fall under the definition of introduced.

A "natural population," on the other hand, is a population at a site which maintained fish prior to transplants by man and where the fish have not been artificially mixed with fish from other populations. Thus the Gila topminnow population at Bylas Spring (Site #7) is still considered natural, since following its renovation, fish originating from Bylas Spring were restocked. The population in Salt Creek (Site #8), in contrast, is not considered natural, since following its renovation, it was stocked with fish from Middle Spring (Site #6).

To clear up the confusion involved with several Gila topminnow sites having the same or similar name, Simons (1987) created the term "site number." By arbitrarily assigning numbers to localities he was able to uniquely identify different sites. His system has been followed here and expanded to include populations of desert pupfish (Appendix A).

Brooks (1985, 1986) and Simons (1987) considered a "successful" site to be any site with topminnows or pupfish, no matter what size the population. That convention is followed in this report. Sonoran Topmitmow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 4

Simons (1987) used a categorical system to identify the quality of a site and its potential to persist in the future. This system is far better than simply counting the total number of successful sites and considering them all of equal quality. The Categories are defined as follows (Simons 1987):

Category 1 populations are those with moderate to high numbers of individuals in habitats with natural surface water expected to persist indefinitely without anthropogenic support.

Category 2 populations are those with moderate to high numbers of individuals in habitats expected to persist indefinitely only with anthropogenic support.

Category 3 populations are those with such low numbers, or with habitat of such limited quantity or quality, that populations are not expected to persist many years.

Category 4 populations are those in which mosquitofish are present, regardless of population size or habitat quality.

Although more objective methods have been tried, they have not been successful at predicting the suitability of a site (Brooks 1985).

A listing of each known population and its category classification is found in Appendix B. Justification of classifications is found in Appendix C.

Recent studies indicate that there are genetic as well as fitness differences among Gila topminnow populations (Vrijenhoek et al. 1985; Quattro and Vrijenhoek 1989). Since additional genetic data are needed, and genetic differentiation in freshwater fishes commonly correlates with hydrographic relationships, current management is emphasizing a watershed approach to introductions in an attempt to preserve genetic diversity. Based on their geographic locations, natural Gila topminnow populations separate into the following groupings:

Bylas Spring: Bylas Spring (Site #7), Middle Spring (Site #6), North Fork of Ash Creek (Site #126).

San Rafael: Sheehy Spring (Site #3), Sharp Spring (Site #4), Santa Cruz River (Site #10).

Sonoita Creek: Cottonwood Spring (Site #1), Monkey Spring (Site #2), Sonoita Creek (Site #9), Redrock Canyon (Site #11).

Cienega Creek: Cienega Creek (Site #5). Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 5

METHODS

Introduced Populations Introduced populations resulting from stockings or dispersal from a stocked population were monitored during June-September 1989. Although not the most comfortable time to be hiking in the desert, such scheduling of these surveys provides useful information about the most serious threat facing many of the introduced populations; desiccation. Sites which Simons (1987) declared unsuccessful were rechecked to confirm loss of the population.

During 1989, introduced populations were sampled with dipnets (1/8 inch mesh x 1.5 foot' opening), or seines (3 feet long x 3 feet tall x 1/8 inch mesh), or (10 feet long x 4 tall x 1/8 inch mesh) depending on habitat size.

Voucher specimens of native as well as non-native fishes were taken from sites with populations adequate to sustain the loss without. adverse impact. All are deposited at the Arizona State University Collection of Fishes. The January-April 1990 monitoring effort also included a review of published and unpublished data in files of all agencies involved as well as surveying introduction sites with unknown status (Appendix A, Appendix C). All stocking and monitoring data encountered during this review have been consolidated and archived in computerized files in the Nongame Branch, Arizona Game and Fish Department. Lastly, new sites listed in Appendix D were evaluated for their potential to support Sonoran topminnows and desert pupfish.

Natural Populations Natural topminnow and pupfish populations were also monitored in 1989, using the same methods described for introduced populations. Large samples were taken from sites in which native fish coexisted with non-natives. Meffe et al. (1982) reported a non-random distribution of Gila topminnows and mosquitofish in Sharp Spring (Site #4). Other investigators have reported the same for Sonoita Creek (Site #9) and Redrock Canyon (Site #11) (Brooks 1986; Simons 1987). In 1989, systematic samples were taken at these same sites to determine how the fish were distributed and to provide new information relative to coexistence with and replacement by non-natives.

A thorough survey of Redrock Canyon (Site #11) was conducted in 1987 (Simons 1987), and the same was done for the North Fork of Ash Creek (site #126) in 1988 (Appendix C). Cienega Creek (Site # 5) was intensively surveyed by the Bureau of Land Management and the Arizona Game and Fish Department in 1990 and 1991. Results of those surveys will be included in future topminnow status reports. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 6

RESULTS

Introduced Populations Literally hundreds of introductions of topminnows and desert pupfish have occurred since the first stocking of topmirmows in 1936 (Minckley 1969; Kynard 1979, 1981; Minckley and Brooks 1985; Brooks 1986; Simons 1987; Galat and Robertson 1988). Few of these attempts were successful (Appendix B, Appendix C). Review of unpublished data yielded an additional 122 locations where these fish had been stocked. These had not been mentioned in earlier reports. Although many were monitored in 1989, there are others which are still of unknown status. A comprehensive list of all known introductions of Sonoran topminnows and desert pupfish and their status as of April 1990 is in Appendix A.

Gila Topminnow.--Gila topminnows had been stocked into more than 56 wild sites prior to 1982, when extensive recovery efforts began (Minckley and Brooks 1985; Appendix A). In 1982, 90 wild sites were stocked, followed by 24 in 1983 (Brooks 1985; Appendix A). An additional 22 wild sites have been stocked or populated by dispersal from stocked populations since 1983. Thus, Gila topminnows have been introduced into a total of 192 wild habitats (Table 1). Introductions have also occurred into more than 102 captive sites. Many sites have been stocked multiple times, resulting in more than 340 total introductions of Gila topminnows (Appendix A).

Thirty-two introduced wild populations of Gila topminnows within historic range were successful as of September 1989. Twenty-four of these populations have persisted for three years or more (introduced prior to 1987) thereby once again, exceeding recovery criteria. Nineteen of these have been successful for five or more years (introduced prior to 1985), and five have persisted since before 1982. Thus, 17 percent of the 192 introductions into wild sites were successful as of September 1989.

Fifteen wild populations failed between 1987 and 1989 (Table 2). Most of these losses were attributable to desiccation (Table 2). Only five new introduced populations were established between April 1988 and August 1989 (see Appendix A). Two of these new sites were the result of unauthorized stockings and one was the result of dispersal from an introduced population (Table 3). Populations established by undocumented stockings or dispersal from introduced populations are, by law, considered as fully protected under the Endangered Species Act and do count towards recovery. Thus, they have been incorporated into this report.

Seven of the 32 successful introduction sites are ranked as Category #1, 10 are Category #2, 9 are Category #3, while 6 coexist with mosquitofish and are thus Category #4. It is expected that only seven populations will be able to survive into the distant future (i.e. >10 years) without human intervention (Appendix B). One of these sites (Site # 75) might more appropriately be considered a #2 site, since it had to be restocked following severe flooding (Collins et al. 1981). Regardless, the present recovery criteria for downlisting have been met. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Pagel.

Table 1. Summary of known introductions of Gila topmfimows (Poeciliopsis o. occidentalis) into "wild" habitats within historic range in Arizona through 1989. Populations successful in 1989 are listed in Appendix B and described in Appendix C.

Number of introductions considered successful as of Introductions Year # Sites 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1989 <1982 56 s — 5 5 s 5 1982 90 36 — 28 24 17 9 1983 24 — 11 10 8 5 1984 2 o o o o 1985 9 6 5 3 1986 3 3 3 2 1987 3 3 3 1988 2 2 1989 3 3

Total 192 41 — 44 48 41 32 1981> 136 36 — 39 43 36 27 Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 8

Table 2. Summary of introduced "wild" populations of Sonoran topininnows (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and desert pupfish (C)pritwdon, macularius) in Arizona which failed between 1987 and 1990, with probable reasons for extirpation. "Species" is an abbreviation derived from the first two letters of each epithet in scientific name. Site locations are in Appendix A, as are results for "captive" populations. Sites are described in Appendix C.

Probable Reason Site Name Site Number Species for Extirpation Artesian Well #3 40 Poococ Dredging Bathhouse Spring 104 Poocso Mosquitofish Border Springs 107 Poocso Dried Buffalo Corral Pond Spring 99 Poococ/Cymama Dried Campbells Flat Spring 25 Poococ Unknown Castle Creek 67b Poococ Dried Government Spring 33 Poococ Unknown Green Tanks (=Rattlesnake Spring) • 81 Poococ Dried Kino Spring 98 Poococ/Cyma?? Dried Mesquite Flat Trough 38 Poococ Dried? Mesquite Spring 129 _ Cymama Unknown Mesquite Spring Tank 45 Poococ Dried? Pasture Well 31 Poococ Dried Peoples Canyon 28 _._ Poococ/Cymama Flooding Reed Spring 43 Poococ Unknown Thicket Spring 15 Poococ Unknown .. Tres Alamos 36 Poococ Unknown Tule Creek Unnamed Spring lE 74 Poococ Dried Two Phd Ponds 143 Poocso Mosquitofish .. Unnamed Pond (fed by Bathhouse and 145 Poocso Mosquitofish Upland springs, Sites 104 and 107 -... Upland Spring 147 Poocso Dried Yellowstone Tank 23 Poococ Dried

Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 9

Table 3. Summary of introduced Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis o. occidentalis) populations discovered in 1989. Categories are defined in text (see Definitions and Conventions). See Appendix A for categorization rationale and descriptions of sites...... 1 Name and Location Site Number Category Probable Source Cave Creek 49b 4 Seven Springs (T7N R5E S8) Site #49 (I7N R5E S9) Martin Well 132 4 Unknown (T115 R29E S36) Watson Wash 134 2 Unknown (T6S R25E S23)

After a thorough review of stocking records, it VMS discovered that many of the introduced populations received Gila topminnows from more than one population of that subspecies (Appendix A). Boyce-Thompson Arboretum (Site #80), a captive population, received Gila topminnows in 1971 from Page Springs Hatchery (Minckley and Brooks 1985). These fish originally came from Monkey Spring (Site #2). However, around 1973 fish from Cocio Wash, a now extirpated natural population, were also stocked into the Arboretum (AGFD files). AGFD files also report Gila topminnows from Bylas Spring (Site #7) being stocked into the Arboretum prior to 1978. Nearly all of the introductions in 1982 and 1983 used fish from Boyce-Thompson Arboretum (Brooks 1985; Appendix A).

Yaqui Topminnow.--Many successful Yaqui topminnow sites also contain fish that have come from more than one population of that subspecies (Minckley and Brooks 1985). More than 26 stockings of Yaqui topminnows have occurred into 18 wild and 4 captive habitats. Eight wild populations of Yaqui topminnows were successful in 1989 (Appendix B). Five of these populations are considered Category #2 (needing artificial support to maintain the population), two are considered Category #3 (small population size) and one contains mosquitofish, hence a Category #4 designation.

Since stocking of many of these sites was not reported, we are uncertain how long they have persisted. The oldest recorded stocking of Yaqui topminnows is for Leslie Creek (Site #141) which was stocked in 1969 (Minckley and Brooks 1985).

One of three delisting criteria has been met for the Yaqui topminnow, that being the acquisition of the San Bernardino Ranch by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a National Wildlife Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 10

Refuge. However, the remaining two criteria, mosquitofish removal and long term persistence of topminnow populations, have not been met.

Desert twfuh.—More than sixty-five introductions of Lower Colorado River desert pupfish have been made to 14 wild and 31 captive habitats. Thirty-one introductions of Quitobaquito pupfish have been documented for 11 wild and 12 captive sites.

In 1989, four wild populations of desert pupfish were successful and four failed (Appendix B; Table 2). Two of the successful sites contained Lower Colorado River pupfish (Howard Well, Site #83; Yerba Mansa, Site #44) and the other two contained fish resembling Quitobaquito pupfish (Bog Hole, Site #130; Finley Tank, Site #131). Sites #83 and #131 are in Category #2, but Site #130 has mosquitofish and is in Category #4. Since Yerba Mansa is out of historic range, it is not categorized. Both Bog Hole and Finley Tank contain fish which are believed to be hybrids comprised of Quitobaquito pupfish as well as other subspecies, or possibly even different species (Jim Brooks pers. com. 1990). The existence of these populations will hinder desert pupfish recovery in these drainages. An environmental Assessment is currently being written to address the effects of renovating these habitats. Two new wild locations were stocked with pupfish during 1989 and 1990 (Buehman Canyon, Site #133; Roper Lake, Site #123A; see Appendix A). No efforts have been made to see if a population has established at Buehman Canyon. However, the second stocking location, Cold Springs, currently maintains a pupfish population.

Natural Populations Gila Topminnow.--Eight of eleven natural populations of Gila topminnows that were successful in 1987 still persisted in 1989 (Table 4). Three of these populations (Sites #1, 2, 5) remain secure, but the other five continue to be threatened by mosquitofish (Table 4; Appendix C).

Fish at Middle Spring (Site #6) were extirpated by desiccation. Habitat at Middle Spring was not only limited by lack of rainfall but also by encroaching vegetation and siltation. TYpha (cattail) was very dense, as it had been in previous years. Vegetation near the springhead was overgrown, leaving no open water. All water available to fish was in a shallow, narrow stream flowing from the springhead to a pool created by a small cement fish bather. Silt was deep and cattails were dense in the pool, which had mud but no open water. However, Roper Lake State Park (Site #123b) has Gila topminnows from Middle Spring, thus genetic material from this population is still available.

Sheehy Spring (Site #3) has a long history of invasion and replacement by mosquitofish (Appendix C). Although more than 1000 fish were collected from this site during 1988-1989, no topminnows were found there during this survey. This complex habitat should be sampled more intensively to determine if this genetic stock has been extirpated. Unfortunately, since no reintroductions have been attempted using fish from Sheehy Spring, genetic infornation which may have been unique to this site may have been lost. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Pagel!

North Fork of Ash Creek (Site #126) harbored a presumably natural Gila topminnow population which went un-discovered until 1985 (Jennings 1987). Mosquitofish were present in 1985 and, although the area was extensively surveyed in 1988, no topminnows were collected (Appendix C). Within the last two years more than 2600 poeciliids were identified from this area. All were mosquitofish. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) were also collected. This population is very near extirpation, if not there already.

Topminnows continue to coexist with mosquitofish at five sites (Table 4). Sonoita Creek, below Patagonia Lake (Site #9), has maintained a large population of Gila topminnows in the presence of mosquitofish since at least 1969 (Minckley et al. 1977). The Santa Cruz River population (Site #10) remained stable with topminnows making up 15 percent of the poeciliids (Fable 4; Appendix C). During this survey, Gila topminnows were doing very well in Redrock Canyon (Site #11). In fact, no mosquitofish were collected in the mainstream, although they were abundant in upstream tributaries (below Cott Tank, T22S R1'7E S27 and below Down-under Tank, T22S R17E S15). It had long been suspected that topminnows persisted in Redrock Canyon because of upstream refugia. However, an extensive survey in 1987 failed to locate additional populations (Simons 1987).

Sharp Spring (Site #4) continues to maintain a small population of topminnows. First discovered in 1979, this site has had a long history of gradual replacement by mosquitofish (Meffe et al. 1982; Simons 1987; Appendix C). Bylas Spring (Site #7) is by far the most imperiled of the remaining natural populations. Although renovated for mosquitofish several times (Meffe 1983; Brooks 1986), this population is once again threatened by mosquitofish. In 1985 mosquitofish reinvaded when the spring went around the cement fish barrier. In 1987 mosquitofish comprised 98% of the fish collected (Simons 1987). Only one topminnow was collected in 1989, the year in which the San Carlos Apache Recreation and Wildlife Department repaired the fish barrier. In 1990, 60 individuals were removed from Bylas Spring during April and are being held at Arizona State University as a refugium population.

Two of the top 3 localities for Gila topminnows, Cottonwood Spring (Site #1) and Monkey Spring (Site #2), maintain large populations of topminnows in which mosquitofish have never been reported. Both are on private I -Id.

By far, the largest natural population of Gila topminnows in Arizona is Cienega Creek (Site #5), where mosquitofish have never been collected. Acquisition of this site in 1989 by the Bureau of Land Management is probably the single most important action for topminnow conservation since recovery efforts began. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 12

- Table 4. Status of natural populations of Sonoran topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) in Arizona during 1989. The number of topminnows, pupfish and mosquitofish counted to derive the Status values is indicated by "n." Site locations are in Appendix A. Sites are described in Appendix C. • Site Name Site Number I Location I n 1 Status I Gila e 1 Topminnow 1 1 1 Cottonwood Spring 1 1 T20S R16E S33 1 50 1 100% Topminnow -I------_----__- + + ------1 1 1 Monkey Spring 2 1 T21S R16E S3 1 50 i 100% Topminnow I- 1 + ------1 1 Sheehy Spring' 1 San Rafael Valley 1 >1000 3 - - - - - —__-- + - - - - - 1 100% Mosquitofish ------.I------+--1 + Sharp Spring 1 1 1 Variable (see Is 4 e T24S R17E S13 1 620 1I 1 Appendix C) I-- 2 -I- 4. I 1-I I I Cienega Creek 5 e T18S R17E S34/35 t >500 1 100% Topminnow "I- -4------I- Middle 2 I San Carlos Indian 1 t Spring 1 6 1 0 1e Fishless .1- 4. Reservation . San Carlos Indian . . Bylas Spring Io 7 i 48 1I 98% Mosquitofish _____ Reservation _ 1 I- 4 Creek . Near Patagonia 4. Variable (see Sonoita 1 9 1 >600 1 Appendix C) - - - - - .1------___ 4______4_ 1 4-1 1 1 Santa Cruz River 10 1 l'24S R17E Si! 1 222 1 85% Mosquitofish ------'II------+ ------I- e e 1 Redrock Canyon' 1 11 East of Patagonia I 368 1 100% Mosquitofish ------.1------+ - - - +1 - - - - - +1 ------North Fork of Ash Creek' 1 126 San Carlos Indian 1 1e >2600 1 100% Mosquitofish 1 Reservation 1 1 Yaqui Topminnow Tule Pond 142 San Bernardino National 70 100% Topminnow Fish and Wildlife Refuge Ouitobaquito Pupfish Quitobaquito Springs 148 Organ Pipe Cactus 100 100% Pupfish National Monument

'Gila topminnows are very near extirpation at this site, if they have not already been completely eliminated. None was found during this survey. 2Site had very little water; topminnows apparently eliminated. 'Although no mosquitofish were collected, they were found in upstream tributaries and have been recorded from Redrock Canyon in the past. Sonoran Topmimiow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Pagel?.

Yaqui Togminnow.—Many stockings of Yaqui topminnow have occurred and populations have been mixed to the point that only Tule Pond (Site #142) can still be considered to harbor a natural population (Minckley and Brooks 1985). Black Draw (Site #105) maintained a natural population until 1985, when fish were stocked into Black Draw-Source from North Pond (Site #118) (Galat and Robertson 1988).

astaZuftsh.--The only natural population of Quitobaquito pupfish is found at Quitobaquito Springs (Site #128), in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. In 1989 a large population was present and no exotic fish were collected. While the population is secure, it has had a shaky past, marked by an exotic fish introduction and fish die-offs due to pesticides (Kynard 1979, 1981; Kynard and Garrett 1979; Appendix C).

The Lower Colorado River pupfish Was eliminated from Arizona prior to the 1950s (Minckley 1973). Sonoran Topmitmow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 14

DISCUSSION

Gila Topminnow Gila topminnows are still common in Mexico (Campoy et al. 1989; Hendrickson and Juarez 1990), but populations in the United States have experienced severe losses. As a result, most of the recovery effort has been directed towards reestablishment of topminnows in the United States. A tremendous effort has been put forth to recover the Gila topminnow. Stocking and monitoring more than 192 sites is no easy task, but the current recovery criteria for downlisting were met in 1985 and 1987 and continue to be met today. Thus, we are left with the question: If recovery criteria have been met, why has the Gila topminnow not been downlisted? It is our opinion that it would be premature to downlist the Gila topminnow because current recovery criteria inadequately address the needs of the species and because of the continuing decline of introduced and natural populations. Simons et al. (1989) reviewed and discussed the status of the Gila topminnow and arrived at similar conclusions, as did the Desert Fishes Recovery Team (Sally Stefferud, pers. corn. 1990).

Moreover, new information indicates there are genetic and fitness differences among topminnow populations from different drainages (Vrijenhoek et al. 1985; Quattro and Vrijenhoek 1989). This diversity should be preserved by including all populations in the recovery effort. Some populations have been stocked frequently and enjoy a wide distribution (Monkey Spring), while others have not been used for any introductions (Bylas Spring, Cottonwood Spring, Sonoita Creek, Santa Cruz River, Redrock Canyon) (see Appendix A). At the time the Recovery Plan was written, information from these genetics studies was not available. However, the topminnow Recovery Plan is being updated to address the need for, and utility of, intensive genetic management of this species.

Another weakness of the current recovery criteria is that they do not take into account the long- term persistence of a population. Survival of a desert population for three years is not adequate for predicting its long-term viability. This is indicated by the fact that 11 populations which had been successful for at least four years prior to 1987 were eliminated by 1989 (Table 1). Arizona was in a wet cycle during the early 1980s, when most of these stockings were done (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 1982, 1983). Total precipitation for central Arizona in 1982 and 1983 was 6.2 and 8.6 inches above normal, respectively (NOAA 1982, 1983). However, many of these sites dried during the years of low precipitation which followed. Precipitation was more than two inches below normal in 1989 (NOAA 1989) and this lack of water was the major contributing factor that lead to the failure of at least seven introduced and one natural Gila topminnow population.

Long-term persistence of a population can only be evaluated after a long period with variable weather conditions. Although 32 introduced Gila topminnow populations were successful in 1989, only seven (Category #1) of these populations are expected to persist into the distant future (i.e. >10 years). Every year since 1982 more introduced populations have been lost than Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 15 have been stocked (Table 1). During April 1988-August 1989, only five new populations were created: Buffalo Corral Pond Spring, Site #99; Hassayampa River Preserve, Site #140; Little Nogales Spring, Site #125; Red Rock Wildlife Area, Site #139; and Roper Lake State Park, Lower Headquarters Pond, Site #123b; see Appendix A), while 15 failed (see Table 2).

Natural populations are also being lost at an alarming rate. Three of 11 natural populations failed in 1989 (Sheehy Spring, Site #3; Middle Spring, Site #6; and North Fork of Ash Creek, Site #126; see Appendix C). The current delisting criteria ignore natural populations after 1987, but natural populations should be the focal point of any recovery effort. These are the sites in which the species adapted, evolved and has persisted for thousands of years. These are the habitats where the species truly belongs.

Yaqui Topminnow Yaqui topminnows continue to be threatened by mosquitofish. Three introduced populations were eliminated in 1989 as a result of mosquitofish (Table 2). However, since all of the habitats containing Yaqui topminnows in the United States are owned and managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, elimination of mosquitofish within them is a realistic goal and should be achievable in the near future.

Desert Pupfish With the desert pupfish draft Recovery Plan currently being reviewed, the recovery effort is just getting underway. Both habitats containing desert pupfish with questionable genetic integrity (Bog Hole, Site #130, Finley Tank, Site #131) are proposed for renovation. This will leave just one introduced (Howard Well, Site #83) and one natural population (Quitobaquito Springs, Site #128) remaining in the wild in Arizona. Since the habitat requirements of desert pupfish are somewhat similar to those of the Gila topminnow, much of what has been learned from the topminnow recovery effort can be applied towards recovery of desert pupfish. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 16

RECOMMENDATIONS

In light of the June 1989-April 1990 monitoring results, the following actions are recommended:

1. Secure natural populations: protecting natural populations should be the main emphasis of recovery for both the Sonoran topminnow and desert pupfish. However, many natural populations of Gila topminnows are closer to being extirpated than when the subspecies was first listed. Removal of mosquitofish, construction of fish bathers to prevent invasion of non-native fishes, as well as habitat management are necessary steps for maintaining the natural populations. Site specific recommendations are listed in Appendix C.

2. Genetic studies: because preliminary studies indicate that some populations of Gila topminnows differ from one another genetically, further studies should be done with all natural populations to give insight into the diversity that exists and how to manage for it.

3. Introduce fish into quality habitats: recovery of these fishes must take place in habitats which have potential for long-term persistence. Although some high quality habitats were found in 1989 (Appendix D), surveys for such sites need to continue. It is likely that many of these potential introduction sites will contain non-native fish. If the introduction program is to be successful, some of these quality habitats must be renovated and stocked with Sonoran topminnows and desert pupfish. Recommendations for extant introduced populations are found in Appendix C.

These recommendations are not new ideas. In fact, they have been around at least since agencies began discussing topminnow and pupfish recovery activities in the early 1980s. They have been incorporated into nearly every management-oriented report dealing with the status of these fishes, yet these goals have not been met even though the Sonoran topminnow and desert pupfish have the greatest potential for recovery of any of Arizona's endangered fish. They are hardy fish that can withstand some of nature's harshest conditions, as is indicated by the fact that introduced populations of Gila topminnows have persisted for years in desert habitats which are literally no bigger than a kitchen sink. How agencies proceed with the recovery of these fishes will indicate their competence and willingness to attempt recovery for other species. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 • Page 17

LITERATURE CITED

Brooks, J.E. 1985. Factors affecting the success of Gila topminnow introductions on four Arizona National Forests. Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Endangered Species, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona.

1986. Status of natural and introduced Sonoran topminnow (Poeciliopsis o. occidentalis) populations in Arizona through 1985. Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Endangered Species, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona.

Campoy-Favela, J., A. Varela-Romero, L. Juarez-Romero. 1989. Observaciones sobre la ictiofauna nativa de la cuenca del Rio Yaqui, Sonora, Mexico. Ecologica 1(1):1-29.

Coffins, J.P., C. Young, J. Howell and W.L. Minckley. 1981. Elimination of a Gila topminnow (Poecihopsis o. occidentalis, Poeciliidae) population and other impacts of flooding in a Sonoran desert stream. SouthWestern Nat. 26:415-423.

Galat, D.L. and B. Robertson. 1988. Interactions between (Poecihopsis occidentalis sonoriensis) and (Gambusia affinis) in the Rio Yaqui drainage, Arizona. Unpubl. report.

Hendrickson, D.A., and A. Varela-Romero. 1989. Conservation status of desert pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius, in Mexico and Arizona. Copeia 1989:478-483.

Hendrickson, D.A. and L. Juarez-Romero. 1990. Los peces de la cuenca del Rio de la Concepcion, Sonora, Mexico, y el estatus del charalito Sonorense, una especie en amenaza de extincion. Southwestern Nat. 35. In press.

Hubbs, C.L. and R.R. Miller. 1941. Studies of the fishes of the order Cyprinodontes. XVII -- Genera and species of the Colorado River system. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 433:1-9.

Jennings, M.R. 1987. Status of the western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii) in Arizona. J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 22:129-133.

Kynard, B.E. 1979. Study of Quitabaquito pupfish - preservation, habitat, and population monitoring. Final Report under NPS P.O. PX-8100-7-0351.

. 1981. Study of Quitobaquito pupfish - systematics and preservation. Final Report under NPS P.O. PX-8100-6-0215. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Page 18

Kynard, B.E. and R. Garrett. 1979. Reproductive ecology of the Quitobaquito pupfish from Organ Pipe National Monument, Arizona, pp. 625-629 Proceedings of the First Conference on Scientific Research in National Parks. R.M. Linn (ed.). Transactions and Proceedings Series Number 5, Washington, D. C.

Marsh, P.C. and W.L. Minckley 1990. Management of endangered Sonoran topminnow at Bylas Springs, Arizona. Description, critique and recommendations. Great Basin Naturalist 50 (3):265-272.

Meffe, G.K. 1983. Attempted chemical renovation of an Arizona springbrook for management of the endangered Sonoran topminnow. N. Amer. J. Fish. Mgmt. 1983:315-321.

.1984. Effects of abiotic disturbance on coexistence of predator-prey fish species. Ecology 65:1525-1534.

Meffe, G.K., D.A. Hendrickson and J.N. Rinne. 1982. Description of a new topminnow population in Arizona, with observations on topminnow/mosquitofish co-occurrence. Southwestern Nat. 27:226-228.

Meffe, G.K., D.A. Hendrickson and W.L. Mincldey. 1983. Factors resulting in decline of the endangered Sonoran topminnow Poeciliopsis occidentalis (Atheriniformes: Poeciliidae) in the United States. Biol. Conserv. 25:135-159.

Minckley, W.L. 1969. Attempted reestablishment of the Gila topminnow within its former range. Copeia 1969:193-194.

. 1973. Fishes of Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, Arizona.

Minckley, W.L. and J.E. Brooks. 1985. Transplantations of native Arizona fishes: records through 1980. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 20:73-89.

Minckley, W.L. and J.E. Deacon. 1968. Southwestern fishes and the enigma of "endangered species." Science 159:1424-1432.

Minckley, W.L., J.N. Rinne and J.E. Johnson. 1977. Status of the Gila topminnow and its co- occurrence with mosquitofish. USDA Forest Service Research Paper RM-198:1-8.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1982. Climatological data annual summary Arizona 1982. Vol.86 No.13.

. 1983. Climatological data annual summary Arizona 1983. Vol.87 No.13. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish June 1991 Arizona Status Summary as of April 1990 Par_12.

. 1989. Climatological data annual summary Arizona 1989. Vol.93 No.13.

Quattro, J.M. and R.C. Vrijenhoek. 1989. Fitness differences among remnant populations of the endangered Sonoran topminnow. Science 245:976-978.

Schoenherr, A.A. 1985. Replacement of Cyprinodon macularius by 711apia zilli in an irrigation drain near the Salton Sea. Proc. Desert Fishes Council 13(1981):65-66.

. 1988. A review of the life history and status of the desert pupfish, (Cyprinodon macularius). Bull. So. California Acad. Sci. 87: 104-134.

Simons L.H. 1987. Status of the Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis o. occidentalis) in the United States. Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, Arizona.

Simons, L.H., D.A. Hendrickson and D. Papoulias. 1989. Recovery of the Gila Topminnow: A success story? Conserv. Biol. 3:11-15.

U.S. Department of the Interior. 1967. Native fish and wildlife. Endangered Species. 32 FR 4001.

. 1986. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants, determination of endangered status and critical habitat for the desert pupfish. Federal Register 51(61):10842-10850.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1983. Gila and Yaqui Topminnow Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Vrijenhoek, R.C., M.E. Douglas and G.K. Meffe. 1985. Conservation genetics of endangered fish populations in Arizona. Science 229:400-402.

APPENDIX A. Summary of all known introductions of Sonoran topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and desert pupfish (Cypririodon macular/us) in Arizona. This information is taken from the AGFD Native Fish Database and listed here in alphabetical order by site name. Fields are defined as follows: Site Name and Location = commonly accepted name which refers to a particular site, and general location of site. Et2 = an arbitrary number that uniquely identifies a specific site. Date Stocked = date (in format of YR + MONTH + DAY) site was stocked. Species Stocked = a code made up of the first two letters of each epithet in scientific name of fish stocked. N = number of fish stocked. Source of Fish Stocked = place where the stocked fish came from or if this field says "renovation" then the site was renovated for the species listed. Orioin of Fish Stocked = indicates which natural population the stocked fish originally came from. Townshio-Ranae-Section = legal description for a site. Latitude-Lonaitude = latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates for a site. extant = indicates whether or not the stocked fish was present in 1989 samples: Y = yes, N = no, U = unknown (U usually means the population has not been sampled recently). Authority = source of the stocking information.

SITE DATE SPECIES SOURCE OF ORIGIN OF TOWNSHIP, RANGE LATITUDE SITE NAME ANO CATION No STOC STOCKED N FM STOCKED RIMY STOCKED MO SECTION LONGITUDE i ANT MTV AGFD PONDS, PHOENIX 7101.70 POOCOC 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING MINCKLEY & &ROOKS 1986 AGFD PONDS, PHOENIX 770130 CVMAMA 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO AGFD FILM3 AGFD, MESA; OFFICE AQUARIUM 101 870202 CYMAMA 22 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO AGFD RUM AGM, MESA; OFFICE AQUARIUM 101 870202 POOCOC 19 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO +BYLAS SPRINGS AGRI RUM AGFO, PHOENIX 800201 POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCO + BYLAS SPRINGS ACIFD FRES AGM, PHOENIX; NONGAME SRANCH tEl 890710 POOCOC 60 ROPER LAKE ST PK MIDDLE SPRING STOCKING SUP AGFO, PHOENIX; NONGAME BRANCH 161 880717 MINNA* 7 T VELASCO SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 11110CIONG SUP AGED, PHOENIX; NONGAME BRANCH 151 890819 CYMAMA 28 DEXTER NFH SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MCC= STOCKING sup AGFD, PHOENIX; NONGAME BRANCH 161 891127 CYMAER 00 OUITOBAQUITO OUITO5AOUIT0 SPRINGS STOCICINO SUP ALAMBRE TANK so 820814 Poococ 200 DEXTER NAY MONKEY SPRING 135 17E SS 3218013 1103820 N BROOKS 1905 ANTELOPE POND WATER CATCHMENT, FORT HUACHUCA 820521 POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS AGED ROES APACHE CANYON, E FORK 780114 POOCOC 200 VAUGHT POND MONKEY + COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS 218 11E 935 5W4 arocourao suit MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1505 ARAVAIPA CREEK, GRAHAM CO 1377Jacx POOCOC 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING MINCKLEY & BROOKS 1085 ARAVAIPA CREEK. MARSH NEAR ARAVAIPA CREEK, FINAL CO (17;cacx POOCOC 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING MINCKLEY & BROOKS 19136 ARAVAIPA CREEK, UPPER KLONDYKE AREA, GRAMM CO 77moot POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COMO + BAAS SPRINGS STOCKING SUP; MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1986 AREA R SPRING. FORT HUACHUCA 82lowe POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS AGFD FILES AREA W WATER CATCHMENT, FORT HUACHUCA Ilbooat POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY•COCIO+SYLAS SPRINGS AGED RUES AREA Y WATER CATCHMENT, FORT HUACHUCA 02moac POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY+COCIO+BYI.AS SPRINGS AGFD RLES ARIVACA CREEK 311maot POOCOC 0 MINCKLEY AND BROOKS 1066 ARIVACA PRIVATE POND 8130628 POOCOC 600 CIEND3A CREEK CIENEOA AZ HISTORICAL SOCIETY. TUCSON; COURTYARD POND 138 7806xx CYPAA7? 0 UNIV AZ N MR) ROES AZ HISTORICAL SOCIETY. TUCSON; COURTYARD FOND 138 870818 POOCOC 20 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO +ITILAS SPRINGS N AOFD ROES AZ HISTORICAL SOCIETY, TUCSON; COURTYARD POND 138 890720 CYMA?? 0 RENOVATION N AGFD F1118 AZ HISTORICAL SOCIETY, TUCSON; COURTYARD POND 130 890911 CYMAMA 100 DEXTER NFU SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO Y STOCKING SUP; DEXTER TOR FILER AZ MUSEUM SCI • TECHNOL, PHOENIX; DISPLAY AOUARIUM 162 850631 CYMAMA 60 DEER VALLEY HS SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO N STOCKING SUP AZ MUSEUM ad & TECHNOL, PHOENIX; DISPLAY AQUARIUM 162 870818 CYMAMA 12 PA GILBERT SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO N AND RUES AZ museum aci a TECHNOL„ PHOENIX; DISPLAY AOUARIUFA 152 590723 POOCOC IS ROPER LAKE ST Fit MIDDLE SPRING If STOCKING SUP AZ MUSEUM SCI • TECHNOL, PHOENIX; DISMAY AQUARIUM 162 890822 CYMAMA 10 DEXTER NFH SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO `I STOCKING SUP AZ STATE UNIV, TEMPE 102 7012wc CRANIA 0 SANTA CLARA SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO U NOD ROES AZ STATE UNIV, TEMPE 102 020327 POOCOC 167 LIMAS SPRING BYLAS SPRING U MEFFE 19133 AZ STATE UNIV. TRAP( 102 831103 CYMAMA 4 SANTA CLARA SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO U DEXTER NAN FILES AZ STATE UNIV. TDAPE 102 54043ix POOCOC 400 BYLAS SPRING BYLAS SPRING U SNOOKS 1808 AZ STATE UNIV, TDAPE 102 841127 CYMAMA 100 DEXTER NFH SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO U DEXTER NFH RUM AZ STATE UNIV. TEMPE 102 850002 POOCOC 150 TUIS CREEK MONKEY +COCIO +SYLAS 0689408 U STOCKING SUP; SNOOKS 1988 AZ STATE UNIV, TDAPE 102 8501302 POOCOC 50 SHARP SPRING SHARP SPRING U STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1980 A2 STATE UNIV, TDAPE 102 flexxxx CYMAMA 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO U AOFD RUES AZ STATE UNIV. TDAPE 102 ma-89 CYMAER 0 7 OUITOBAOUITO SPRING N AGFO ROES AZ STATE UN1V, TRAP( 102 801128 CYMAER BO AGFD NONGAME OUSTOBAOUITO SPRINGS Y STOCKING SUP A2 STATE UNIV, TEMPE 102 000422 POOCSO 00 BYLAS SPRING BYLAS SPRNO Y STOCKING SUP AZ-90t4ORA DESERT MUSEUM. TUCSON 137 5477 CYPAAM 0 OUITOBAOUITO QUITOSAQUITO SPRINGS U KYINNID 8/1/79 AZ-SONORA DESERT MUSEUM, TUCSON 137 78. CYMAMA 0 UNIV AZ SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO U KYNARD 1979 AZMONORA DESERT MUSEUM, TUCSON 137 71306xc CYPAA77 0- UNIV AZ OUITOBAQUITO SPRINGS U KYNAR0 8/1/79 AZ-SONORA DESERT MUSEUM, TUCSON 137 811211 CYMAER 100 QUITOBAQUITO OUITOSAOUITO SPRINGS Y MVO FILES AZ-SONORA DESERT MUSEUM, TUCSON 137 051112 POOCOC 0 YELLOWSTONE TANK MONKEY SPRING Y AGM FILES

Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix A Page 20 SITE DATE SPECIES SOURCE OF ORKIN OF TOWNSHIP, OWNS LATITUDE SITE NAME AND LOCATION STOCKED STOCKED N MN STOCKED FISH STOCKED AND SECTION LONGITUDE EXTANT AUTHORITY

ARTESIAN WELL. • 3, NEAR PUNKIN CENTER 40 920908 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO +BYLAS SP'RINGS W1 IIE Se NW4 335262 1111510 N BROOKS 1986; AGED FILES ARTESIAN WEU. • 4, NEAR PUNKIN CENTER 70 8201108 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO +BYLAS SPRINGS ON 1 IE SO NW4 336260 1111605 BROOKS 1996 AST*/ SPRING, NEAR DOUGLAS 103 7110330 POOCSO 100 SONWR MISR 248 30E SI 1 NW4 NW4 N STOCKING SUP ASU AQUARIA 960902 POOCOC 50 SHARP SPRING ASU CIO WI. MINCKLEY 880220 CYMAMA 50 BOYCE-THOMPSON ASU C./0 WL MICKLEY 980220 POOCOC 70 BOYCE-THOMPSON BABOCOMARI RIVER 88Noc• POOCOC 0 U AGED FILES BADGER SPRINGS moms POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCO°. BYLAS SPRINGS ION 2E 524 NW4 SEA U STOCKING sun MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1996 RAIN SPRING, NEAR WAGONER 26 830002 POOCOC 500 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COC10 • SYLAS SPRINGS ION 2W SS SW4 341430 1123012 II BROOKS HIM; AOFD FILES BATES WELL OPCNIA 7802m CYMAER 0 OUITOBAQUITO OUITOBAQUITO SPRINGS N MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1986; KYNARD, 8/1/79 BATHHOUSE SPRING, NEAR DOUGLAS, SEINWR 104 p•r99 POOCSO 0 243 30E N AGED FILES SEAR CANYON, PATAGONIA MOUNTAINS 820817 POOCOC 2000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS 235 17E S311 312250 1102145 N BROOKS 1985 BENCH WELL NEAR BUMBLE BEE 07 1330829 POOCOC 100 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO +BYLAS SPRINGS ION 1E 823 SEA 341114 1121323 N STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1985 BIG SPRING, N OF PIMA 84 950772 POOCOC 600 DEXTER NFH MONKEY SPRING OS 25E 35 8E4 'I STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1905 BIG SPRINGS 850722 POOCOC 600 DEXTER NFH BLACK DRAW-SOURCE, NEAR DOUGLAS, SLINWR 105A 85063m POOCSO 260 NORTH POND 243 30E Y GMAT • ROBERTSON 1988 BLACKTAIL POND, FORT HUACHUCA 920404 POOCOC 76 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS N AGED FILES BLACKTAIL POND, FORT HUACHUCA 8201118 POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO• BYLAS SPRINGS N AGED FILES SIANKETSIIIP RANCH, OPCNIM 80x70 CYMAER 0 QUITOBAOUITO OUITOBACIUITO SPRINGS N AGM RLE8 BLM, KINGMAN; OFFICE AQUARIUM 140 871104 CYMAMA 106 DEXTER NFH SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO N STOCKING REPORT KINGPAAN; OFFICE AQUARIUM 140 871104 POOCOC 106 DEXTER NFH SHARP SPRING Y STOCKING REPORT ELM, KINGMAN; OFFICE AQUARIUM 140 980809 CYMAMA 76 DEXTER NW SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO N STOCKING REPORT BLPA, SAFFORD; OFFICE AQUARIUM 150 931220 CYMAMA 0 BOYCE:THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO T1 AGED FILES NM, SAFFORD; OFFICE AQUARIUM 150 831228 POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO + BRAS SPRINGS N AGED FILES BUM, SAFFORD; OFFICE AQUARIUM 160 88macx CYMAMA 0 HOWARD WELL SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO Y AGED FILES BLUE MTh SPRING 820810 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-7140MPSON MONKEY +COCIO r BYLAS SPRINGS (IN 6E SIO 335048 1114222 N NOOKS 1086 BOG HOLE. SAN RAFAEL VALLEY, SANTA CRUZ CO 130 77.. CYMA?? 0 22S 171 832 NE4 584 MINCKLEY AND BROOKS 1985 BONITA WELL OMNI 106 00•00 CYMAER 0 QUITOBAQUITO OUITOBAQUITO SPRINGS N AGED FILES BORDER SPRINGS. NEAR DOUGLAS, MOM 107 ? POOCSO 0 245 30E N AOFD FILES BOSTON WATER CATCHMENT, FORT HUACHUCA 820519 CYMAMA 1 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO N AGRI FILES BOSTON WATER CATCHPAENT, FORT HUACHUCA 920510 POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO +BYLAS SPRINGS N AGED FILES BOYCE THOMPSON ARBORETUM 860001 CYNAMA 250 DEER VALLEY HS SANTA CLARA SLOUGH BOYCE THOMPSON ARBORETUM 960722 CYMAMA 1000 DEXTER NFH BOYCE THOMPSON ARBORETUM 950722 POOCOC 600 DEXTER NFH BOYCE THOMPSON ARBORETUM 950722 POOCOC 10000 DEXTER NFH BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR 90 7106a POOCOC 4000 PAGE SPRINGS MONKEY SPRING 2S 12650 SW4 9E4 MINCKLEY B BROOKS 1986; AGED FILES BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR 80 72or73 POOCOC 0 COCIO WASH COCIO WASH 29 12E SO SW4 SEA AGR) FILES BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM. SUPERIOR 80 770719 CYMAMA 125 AZ STATE UN/V SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 2S 12650 SW4 SEA STOCKING SUP BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR 80 ps.-71) POOCOC 0 BYLAS SPRING BYLAS SPRING 2S 12E SS SW4 8E4 AGED FILES BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR eo 790228 CYMAMA 0 AGED PONDS SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 28 I2E SI SY/4 SE4 AGED FILES BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR 80 (1004xx CYMAMA 12 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 2512€ SO SW4 SEA AGED FILES BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR 90 9004xx POOCOC 2000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS 2S 12E SS SW4 13E4 AGED FILES BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR 90 830429 CYMAMA 200 SANTA CLARA SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 29 12£ NI SW4 9E4 AGED FILES BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR 80 940911 CYMAMA 200 DEXTER MEN SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 25 12E SS SW4 SEA STOCKING REPORT BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR 80 850801 CYMAMA 250 DEER VALLEY HS SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 26 12E Se INI4 SEA STOCKING SUP BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR BO 860(101 POOCOC 300 TULE CREEK MONKEY +COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS 213 12E SS SY/4 SEA STOCKING SUP BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR OD 950722 CYMAMA 1000 DEXTER NFU SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 25 12£ SS 5W4 9E4 STOCKING SUP; AGED FILES BOYCE-THOMPSON ARBORETUM, SUPERIOR 80 860722 POOCOC 10000 DEXTER NFH MONKEY SPRING 2512K SO SW4 SEA STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1990 BRONCO CANYON SPRING TANK 64 830824 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO + BYLAS TIMM 71.1 6E 828 NW4 335645 1116115 N BROOKS 1986 BUMS() PONDS HATCHERY, PAGE SPRINGS 154 891128 CYMAER 420 OUITOBAQUITO OUTTOBAQUITO SPRINGS STOCKING SUP BUCKMAN SPRING 920804 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COCIO + BEIM SPRINGS AN 11E 527 333933 1111313 N BROOKS 1086 BUEHMAN CANYON, NEAR REDINGTON 920818 POOCOC 2000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COCIO +BYLAS SPRINGS 12/3 17E S4 322606 1103200 N BROOKS 1995 BUEHMAN CANYON, NEAR REDINOTON 133 090720 CYMAMA 600 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH. MEXICO 12S 18E 86 STOCKING SUP BUFFALO CORRAL POND SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 99 noon POOCOC 0 UNSURV MONS 1907 BUFFALO CORRAL POND SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 99 940503 CYPAA?? 16 KNO SPRING UNSURV AGED FILES BUFFALO CORRAL POND SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 90 840503 POOCOC 100 KINO SPRING MONKEY +COCIO +BYLAS SPRINGS LINSURV AGED FILES BUFFALO CORRAL POND SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 09 8802xx CYMA?? 0 RENOVATION UNSURV AGED FILES BUFFALO CORRAL POND SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 09 890412 CYMAMA 110 DEXTER NETI SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO UNSURV STOCKING SUP

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DEXTER NFH. DEXTER, NEW MEXICO 163 980421 POOCOC 110 nuns seam SHARP SPRING Y DEXTER MPH FILES; AGED FILES DEXTER NFH (TO DEXTER NMI 860923 POOCOC 294 SHARP SPRING DUTCHMAN GRAVE SPRING, NEAR VERDE RIVER'S SHEEP BRIDGE 19 830803 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY •COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS IN 7E 916 5E4 SE4 34013611 1113832 BROOKS 1986 EAST VERDE PONDS 9044994 POOCOC 0 U AGED PILES EAST VERDE RIVER 65xsom POOCOC 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING N MICKLEY AND BROOKS 1995 EASTON NEW MEXICO UNA), PORTALES NM, DR SUBLETTE 831031 CYMAMA 10 DOCIER NFII SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO U DEXTER NFH FILES EL PILAR. NEAR 901401TA 820817 POOCOC 2000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS 205 15E 324 314030 1104560 N BROOKS 1066 FIG SPRING 620810 POOCOC 400 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY •COCIO • BOLAS SPRINGS 714 75820 335520 1113810 N BROOKS 1905 FINLEY TANK, RESEARCH RANCH, ELGIN 131 780Ihoc CYMA?? 0 UNIV A2 218 leE SI4 PAV4 SW4 Y AGFO FILES; KYNARD P/1/79 FISH CREEK, MARICOPA COUNTY . °Smoot POOCOC 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING N MINCKLEY AND BROOKS 1985 FISH CREEK, APACHE LAKE 944-77 POOCOC 0 U AOR) FILES FLOWING WELLS JR HIGH, TUCSON 135 131104494 CYMAMA 50 DEER VALLEY HS SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO Y AGED FILES FLOWING WELLS JR HIGH, TUCSON 136 9006xx CYMAMA 10 DEER VALLEY HS SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO Y AOFD FILES FORT HUACHUCA, FORT HUACHUCA. DISTRIBUTION UNKNOWN 72074444 POOCOC 20000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONICEY•COCIO SPRINGS N MINCKLEY AND BROOKS 1996; AGRI FILES FORT HUACHUCA LAKE. FORT HUACHUCA 720912 POOCOC 12000 AGED PONDS MONKEY SPRING N STOCKING SUP FORT HUACHUCA LAKE, FORT HUACHUCA 727444or POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO SPRINGS N MINCKLEY & BROOKS 1095 FOSSIL CREEK, GILA & YAVAPAI CO 1Thocxx POOCOC 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRNO N MINCKLEY AND BROOKS 1066 FOSSIL CREEK, GSA & YAVAPAI CO Sib000l POOCOC 0 7 U AGED FILES FROG SPRING, BLOODY BASIN 47 820809 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY *COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS ON OE S7 340929 1114860 N BROOKS 1906 GACHADO TANK, OPCNM 40- CVMAER 0 OUITOBAOUITO SPRINGS N KYNARD 4/15101 GACHADO TANK, OPCNM 77- CVMAER 100 OUITOBAOUITO OUITOBAOUITO MOWS N KYNARD 1970; KYNARD 4/16/81 GARDEN CANYON, FORT HUACHUCA 720015 POOCOC 500 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY, COCIO SPRINGS N AGED FILES MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1996 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, WASHINGTON DC-OR JOHN BURN$ 830921 POOCOC 200 DEXTER NFH MONKEY SPRING U DEXTER NFH FILES GOVERNMENT SPRING, 141-17 MEDIAN *BOW DUGAS ROAD 33 020517 POOCOC 500 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCO+ BYLAS SPRINGS 1311 3E 533 NE4 554 342740 1120145 N STOCKING SUP GOVERMENT TANK, N OF REDINGTON ROAD E OF TUCSON 0200xx POOCOC 200 7 13/3 17E 84 SW4 U AGED FILES; USES FILES GRAND CANYON UNIV. AQUARIUM 0002444 CYMAMA 17 DEER VALLEY HS SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO Y AGFO FILES GRANITE CREEK 700826 POOCOC 260 PAGE SPRINGS MONKEY SPRING N MINCKLEY AND BROOKS 1985; AGED FILES GRANITE CREEK 730628 POOCOC 400 PAGE SPRINGS MONKEY SPRING N MINCKLEY AND BROOKS 1065; AGED FILES GRAPEVINE SPRING 94 1320003 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY •COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS 333715 1104830 N BROOKS 1996 GREEN TANKS 960722 POOCOC 500 DEXTER NFH GREEN TANKS, N OF DRIPPING SPRING WASH, W OF STATE HWY 77 el 960722 POOCOC 500 DEXTER NFH MONKEY SPRING 38 ISE 87 NE4 N STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1996 HAPPY CAMP SPRING 02 820803 POOCOC 400 BOYCE-7140MPSON MONKEY...COCO+ BYLAS SPRINGS 19 12E 929 331 824 1110824 N BROOKS 19e5 HARSHAW CREEK, NEAR PATAGONIA 00 920617 POOCOC 600 7 AGED FILES HARSHAW CREEK, NEAR PATAGONIA SO 020617 POOCOC 400 7 N AOFD FILES HASSAYAMPA PRES, WICKENBURG 8130623 POOCOC 00 BYLAS. MID SPRING BOLAS HASSAYAMPA PRES, WICKENBURO, WATERING TROUGH NEAR PALM LAKE 140 800623 POOCOC 40 MIDDLE SPRING MIDDLE SPRING STOCKING SUP HASSAYAMPA PRES, WICKENBURO, PALM LAKE HEADSPRING 140 800019 CYMAMA 300 DEXTER MEN SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO STOCKING SUP HASSAYAMPA PRES, WICKENBURG, POOL BELOW PALM LAKE HEADSPRING 140 900810 POOCOC 650 ROPER LAKE ST PK M1DOLE SPRING V STOCKING SUP HASSAYAMPA PRES, WICKENBURO, VISITOR CENTER AQUARIUM 140 13008111 CYMAMA 60 DEXTER NFH SANTA CLARA SLOUGH. MEXICO STOCKING SUP HASSAYAMPA PRES, WICKENBURG, VISITOR CENTER AQUARIUM 140 990610 POOCOC 50 ROPER LAKE ST PK MIDDLE SPRING STOCKING SUP HAY HOLLOW STORAGE TANK, NEAR DOUGLAS, SBNWR 167 991020 POOCSO 200 NORTH POND 24830K AGED FILES HEALTH DEPARTMENT, PINAL CO, DISTRIBUTION UNKNOWN 7208xx POOCOC 20000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONICEY•COCIO• BOLAS SPRINGS MINCKLEY AND BROOKS 1086; AGFO RUM HERON SPRING, S OF SHARP SPRING, SAN RAFAEL VALLEY 713 910708 POOCOC 150 SHARP SPRING SHARP SPRING 248 17E 913 NW4 AGED FILES HERON SPOING, S OF SHARP SPRING, SAN RAFAEL VALLEY 78 0708111 POOCOC 0 HERON SPRING SHARP SPRING 248 17E 913 NW4 AGED FILES HIDDEN WATER SPRING, BETWEEN BEELINE HWY AND FOUR PEAKS 48 780803 POOCOC 350 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO + BOLAS SPRINGS IN OE 821 NW4 333636 1112614 Y STOCKING SUP HIDDEN WATER SPRING, BETWEEN BEELINE HWY AND FOUR PEAKS 48 770901 CYMAMA 10 ASU SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 3N OE 821 PAV4 333538 1112014 N STOCKING SUP HIDDEN WATER SPRING, BETWEEN BEELINE HWY AND FOUR PEAKS 48 810610 POOCOC 200 HIDDEN WATER MONKEY • COCIO + BOLAS SPRINGS 3N 55 521 33363131112616 Y AGED FILES HOLLY SPRING 920617 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO+ BYLAS SPRINGS ION 4E 27 554 344635 1115000 N STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1906 HORSE CREEK, NEAR VERDE RIVER'S SHEEP BRIDGE 48 020610 POOCOC 400 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS ON OE £11 340335 1114046 Y BROOKS 1996 HORSE PASTURE SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 720915 POOCOC 260 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY. COCIO SPRINGS AGED FILES; MINCKLEY & BROOKS 1996 HOUSE POND, NEAR DOUGLAS, SeNWR 116 13005xx POOCSO 0 248 30E MEFFE ET AL 1993; A0F0 FILES HOUSE POND, NEAR DOUGLAS, SeNWR 116 8606xx POOCSO 248 30E OALAT & ROBERISON 1900 HOWARD WELL. SAN SIMON VALLEY 83 031226 CYMAMA 150 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH. MEXICO 11528K 1138 NW4 322620 1002048 Y AOT-0 FILES HOWARD WELL. SAN SIMON VALLEY 03 050722 POOCOC 500 DEXTER NFH MONKEY SPRING 119 20E 838 NW4 322620 1002045 N STOCKING SUP HUACHUCA CANYON SPRING. FORT HUACHUCA 720916 POOCOC 600 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY, COCIO SPRINGS AGFO FILES; MINCKLEY & BROOKS 1095 HULL SPRNO, NEAR ROAD TO CHERRY, AZ 30 020618 POOCOC 600 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCO+ BOLAS SPRINGS 14N 4E S 19 C 343626 1116742 N STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1906 HUMBUG CREEK, N OF LAKE PLEASANT 96 819,07 POOCOC 0 COW CREEK MONKEY +COCO + SYLAS SPRINGS NI 1(86 P084554 SIMONS 1987; AGED FILES INDIAN SPRING, N OF APACHE LAKE 24 020011 POOCOC 600 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCO+ BYLAS SPRINGS 34 108524 NE4 81/4 333617 1111645 Y STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1996

Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix A Page 23 WM DATE SPECIES BOUNCE OF ORION OF TOWNSHIP, RANGE LATITUDE SITE NAME MID AT1OM ET • KED STOCKED fill ILTOC 4 ,1 RUN • 4 3.• MID EEC • TIDE EXT T

INDIAN SPRINGS *2, W OF CROWN KING 67 830002 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO +BYLAS SPRINGS ION ZW 83 SW4 341400 1122760 N AGED FOSS; BROOKS 1996 JOHNSON WASH SPRING, S OF CAMP VERDE, N OF STATE HWY 189 36 820618 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO +BTUS SPRINGS 147I 31 933 NW4 SW4 343266 1120226 Y STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1065 JOSEPHINE CANYON, STREAM IN UPPER JOSEPHINE CANYON 771109 POOCOC 126 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING 209 14E 535 NE4 AGFO FILES; MINCKLEY a BROOKS 1086 JOSEPHINE CREEK, PATAGONIA 020817 POOCOC 500 7 AOFD FILES JUBILEE SPRING, NEAR CLEATOR 27 pee-97 POOCOC 0 TIN IE 82 EIV/4 341911 1121341 N AGFD FILES RATER STING, E OF TONTO CREEK ABOVE ROOSEVELT LAKE 42 820004 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO +BYLAS SPRINGS 7N 10E 514 IWI4 SE4 3366351111806 Y BROOKS 1995 KINGMAN, A2 OEM OFFICE (FOR DISPLAY) 971104 CYMAMA 106 DEXTER NFH KINOMM. AZ OEM OFFICE (FOR DISPLAY) 971104 POOCOC IOU DEXTER NFH KINO SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 98 720914 POOCOC 300 7 AOFD FILES; MINCKLEY B BROOKS 1966 KINO SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 99 020317 CYMAMA 15 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO AOFD FILES KINO SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 00 020317 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY. COCIO +BYLAS SPRINGS AOFD FILES KIND SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 98 920004 CYPAA?? 13 FINLEY TANK AGM FILES KINO SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA TM 830627 CYPAM? 30 FINLEY TANK 7 AGFD FILES LESUE CREEK, SWEISHELM MOUNTAINS 141 Whom POOCSO 0 ASTIN SPRING MTN SPRING 218 WIE 820 NE4 SEA MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1986 ISSUE CREEK, SWISSHELM MOUNTAINS 141 787oncx POOCSO 0 ASTIN SPRING ASTIN SPRING 21S 28E S20 NE4 SEA MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1096 LINE CABIN SPRING 820610 POOCOC 400 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS 94 6E 824 340110 1114750 N BROOKS 1985 UTTLE NOB WELL, NE OF GLOBE 01 020003 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY .COCIO +BTUS SPRINGS 381105 835 333324 1103963 N BROOKS 1565 UTRE NOGALES SPRING, E OF CIENEGA CREEK, NEAR THE NARROWS 125 980019 POOCOC 172 CIENEGA CREEK CIENEGA CREEK 11113 ISE 811 NV/4 SEA STOCKING SUP; AGRI FILES UTTLE OUTFIT 02Iocxx POOCOC 0 228 17E 826 912929 1103352 U AGFD FILES LOWER MINE SPRING, W OF VERDE RIVER, BELOW CAMP VERDE 12 830001 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO + BYLAS arm= 13815(829 SW4 342903 1116107 Y STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1985 MANSFIELD 820817 POOCOC 2000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCM + BYLAS SPRINGS 219 I6E 58 313710 1104953 U BROOKS 1905 MARTIN WELL, <1/2 MIS OF HOWARD WELL 132 pre-89 POOCOC 0 11$ 20E 830 NW4 SW4 AOFD FILES MCCLURE SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 720916 POOCOC 300 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY, COCIO SPRINGS AOFD FILES; MINCKLEY IL BROOKS 1965 MCCLURE SPRING, FORT HUACHUCA 820511 POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COCIO, MUM SPRINGS AGFD FILES MCCANN SPRING TANK. SW OF SUNFLOWER 63 820009 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCO+ BYLAS SPRINGS ON 7E828 334447 1113648 N SPOOKS 1506 MESCAL. WARM SPRING, SO CUTTER, N OF GILA RIVER 82 850722 POOCOC 600 DEXTER NMI MONKEY SPRING 36 171 520 NW4 SW4 330003 1103814 Y STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 19811 MESCAL WARM SPRINGS 850722 POOCOC 500 DEXTER NM MESQUITE FLAT TROUGH, S OF PUNKIN CENTER, W OF TONTO CREEK 30 820805 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO + BYLATI SPRINGS ON 10E 834 SW4 SEA 334903 1111903 N BROOKS 1066 MESQUITE SPRING, NEAR FLORENCE 129 1131220 CYMAMA 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 38 11E 821 8E4 SV/4 WM FILES MESQUITE SPRING TANK, SW OF SUNFLOWER 45 820800 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO +BYLM3 SPRINGS 581 BE 831 NW4 334413 1113433 N BROOKS 1906 MESQUITE TANK SI 02 030001 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS 1N 11E 826 IM/4 332430 ...... 46 N BROOKS 1985 MESQUITE TANK 02, NEAR TORTILLA FIAT 08 020003 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO + MUM SPRINGS 211 01 II 333231 1112250 N @ROOKS 1985 MIDDLE mesA TANK 68 830801 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS IIN IE 81 NE4 341034 1121221 N BROOKS 1996 MIDDLE SPRING, NEAR DOUGLAS, STINWR 117 7 POOCSO 0 7 245306 AOFD FILES MONKEY TANK 020618 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCO + MUM SPRINGS 128 56 812 NW4 342010 1114740 N STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1995 MONTEZUMA TANK 820610 POOCOC 2000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCO + MIAS SPRINGS 14.581 3E 934 NW4 343006 1120120 N STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1065 MUD WONG TANK, BLOODY BASIN, SOP BLOODY BASIN ROAD 10 030602 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY r COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS 9.614 SE 820 8E4 1118/4 341113 1116148 Y BROOKS 1006 MUD SPRINGS, S Of SUNFLOWER, JUST E OF BEELINE M/Y le szowo POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO• BYLAS SPRINGS 611 85 926 334456 1112950 Y BROOKS 1906; AGFO FILES NEW ENGLAND AWARIUM, BOSTON MA 800831 CYMAMA 50 DEXTER NFH SANTA CLARA SLOUGH AGRI FILES; DEXTER NFU FILES NEW ENGLAND AOUARIUM, BOSTON MA 800831 POOCOC 60 DEXTER NM SHARP SPRING AGED FILES; DEXTER NFH FILES NOGALES SPRING, E OF CIENEGA CREEK, NEAR THE NARROWS 124 880019 POOCOC 268 CIENEGA CREEK CIENEGA CREEK 198 156 S11 NE4 5E4 STOCKING SUP; AGM PUS NORTH POND, NEAR DOUGLAS, SBNWR 118 7 POOCSO 0 7 248 30E ACIFD FILES OTIONNEU. CREEK, ABOVE DAM, PART OF CANELO HILLS CIENEGA 7409xx POOCOC 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING AOFD FILES OK STATE UNIV, STILLWATER OK; TONY ECHELLE 960216 CYMAMA 30 DEXTER NFH SANTA CLAM SLOUGH, MEXICO DEXTER NFH FILES OXBOW SPRING, SW OF COTTONWOOD AIRPORT 58 020618 POOCOC 600 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCO+ BYLAS SPRINGS 1 91 3E 810 NE4 344210 1120360 N STOCKING SUP; BROOKS UM PACKARD SPRING 020000 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCK/ +MLAS SPRINGS ON 106817 336130 1112100 N BROOKS 1086 PAGE SPRINGS HATCHERY, PAGE SPRINGS 07exxx POOCOC 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING MINCKLEY & BROOKS 1066 PAGE SIMMS HATCHERY, PAGE SPRINGS 09to70 POOCOC 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING MINCKLEY & BROOKS 1066 PAGE SPRINGS HATCHERY, PAGE SPRINGS 70xxxx CALLER 0 OUITOBACMITO OUITOBACMITO SPRINGS MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1686 PAN AM BLDG, LAUNDRY RIDGE, FORT HUACHUCA 720915 POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY, COCIO SPRINGS AGRI FILES; MINCKLEY & SNOOKS 1086 PAPAGO INDIAN RESERVATION, PIMA CO; DISTRIBUTION UNKNOWN 720030 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY, COCIO SPRINGS MINCKLEY AND BROOKS 1086; ACIFO FILES PAPAGO INDIAN RESERVATION, PIMA CO; DISTRIBUTION UNKNOWN 721026 POOCOC 2000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY, COCIO SPRINGS MINCKLEY AND BROOKS 1086; AGM FILES PASTURE WELL., COTTONWOOD 31 173to05 POOCOC 0 UNNMED SPRING 02 MONKEY +COCO +BYLATI SPRINGS 16111 3E 510 5E4 8W4 BROOKS 1068 PASTURE WELL, COTTONWOOD 31 000018 POOCOC 30 UNNAMED SPRING 12 MONKEY +COCO + MIAS SPRINGS 1691 9E 816 SE4 8W4 AOFD FILES PEOPLES CANYON, N OF SANTA MARIA RIVER 20 960614 CYMAMA 326 DEER VALLEY HS PEOPLES CANYON, N OF SANTA MARIA RIVER 28 080909 CYMAMA 1000 DEXTER NFH PEOPLES CANYON, N OF SANTA MARIA RIVER 29 820610 CYMAMA 81 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 1384 IOW 514 8E4 SW4 N AGED FILES PEOPLES CANYON, N OF SANTA MAMA RIVER 28 831222 CYMAMA 112 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 128 101V 814 814 SW4 N AGFO FILES

Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix A Page 24

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RITE DATE SPECIES SOURCE OF ORIGIN OF TOWNSHIP, RAMIE LATITUDE SITE NAME AND LOCATION No. STOCKED STOCKED N RSH STOCKED RSH STOCKED MID SECTION L0110TUDE EXTANT AUMONTY

ROCK CREEK, 3-BAR WATERSHED *C"; 3-BAR WILDLIFE AREA 750800 POOCOC 150 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS N STOCKING SUP; MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1986 ROCK SPRING 1/1; 3 MI SE OF BARTLETT LAKE 52 820809 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY .COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS 5N 71 S23 334552 1113805 N BROOKS 1995 ROCK SPRINGS Mho= POOCOC 0 U AGFO FILES ROCK SPRINGS 42; 441/2 MI N ROCK SPRINGS BUTTE, 1/8 MI NW OF US 60 SO 930901 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCO + BYLAS SPRINGS 384 tOE 912 SE4 333860 1103630 N BROOKS 1985 ROCK TANK SPRING 64 830e02 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS IN 4E $36 NE4 335446 1116446 N BROOKS 1986 ROMERO CANYON 820616 POOCOC 2000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO+BYLAS SPRINGS 12S 18657 322400 1106100 U BROOKS 1985 ROPER LAKE STATE PARK 971003 CYMAMA 140 ARBORETUM ROPER LAKE STATE PARK 871103 POOCOC 300 MIDDLE SPRING ROPER LAKE STATE PARK; LOWER HEADQUARTERS POND 12311 971103 CYMAMA 140 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO Y STOCKING SUP ROPER LAKE STATE PARK; LOWER HEADQUARTERS POND 1239 971103 POOCOC 300 MIDDLE SPRING MIDDLE SPRING N STOCKING SUP ROPER LAKE STATE PARK; OFFICE AQUARIUM 971103 CYMAMA 10 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO Y ACIFO FILES ROPER LAKE STATE PARK; LOWER HEADQUARTERS POND 1239 880928 POOCOC 300 MIDDLE SPRING MIDDLE SPRING Y STOCKING SUP ROPER LAKE STATE PARK; OFFICE AQUARIUM 123 890019 POOCOC 0 ROPER LAKE ST PK MIDDLE SPRING Y STOCKING SUP ROPER LAKE STATE PARK; UPPER HEADQUARTERS POND 1234 890819 CYMAMA 200 DEXTER NFH SANTA CLAM SLOUGH, MEXICO Y STOCKING SUP RUTGERS UNIV NJ DEPT OF ZOOLOGY 880917 POOCOC 36 MOWN RUTGERS UNIV NJ DEPT OF ZOOLOGY 980917 POOCOC 45 THICKET SPRING MONKEY SPRINGS RUTGERS UNIV NJ e(10917 POOCOC 45 THICKET SPRING MONKEY, COCK), BYLM, SPRINGS U STOCKING SUP RUTGERS UNIV NJ S80017 POOCSO 36 BLACK DRAW BLACK DRAW U STOCKING SUP RUTGERS UNIV NJ 990912 POOCOC 40 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING N STOCKING SUP RUTGERS UNIV NJ e90912 POOCOC 40 SHARP SPRING SHARP SPRING N STOCKING SUP SARNO CANYON; NEAR TUCSON 820813 POOCOC 2000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS 12S 115E 823 322030 11041350 N BROOKS 1995 SALT CREEK; NEAR BYLAS, SAN CARLOS INDIAN RESERVATION 9 580926 POOCOC 300 MIDDLE SPRING NOME SPROM SIPAONS 1967; AGFD FILES SALT RIVER, TEMPE CYMAER 0 OUITOBAQUITO OUITOBAGUITO SPRINGS N MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1996 SALT RIVER, TEMPE Mho= POOCOC 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING N MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1086 SALT RIVER, HORSESHOE BEND 96 850928 POOCOC 2500 DEXTER NF-H MONKEY SPRING N STOCKING SLIP; BROOKS lees SALT RIVER, HORSESHOE BEND 960928 POOCOC 2500 DEXTER NFH MONKEY SPRINGS SIINWR, NEAR DOUGLAS, FONWR 794080 POOCSO 0 SOMA 8911 WA U MINC. KLEY • BROOKS usis SEVEN SPRINGS, N OF HORSESHOE DAM WAD TURNOFF 49 64/oeoc poocop 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING 714 SE SO 336744 1116063 N MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1905 SEVEN SPRINGS, N OF HORSESHOE DAM ROAD TURSOFF 48 750722 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO • BYLAS SPRINGS 7N 8650 336744 1115053 N STOCKING SUP; MINCKLEY & BROOKS 1996 SEVEN SPRINGS, N OF HORSESHOE DAM ROAD TURNOFF 49 800229 POOCOC 200 AGFD AQUARIA MONKEY ,COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS 7N 5E 99 336744 1115053 Y STOCKING SUP; AGFD FILES SHEEP SPRING, NEAR DUGAS 34 820517 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO + BYLAS SPOINGS 13t4 3E 821310•14 342835 1120206 N STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1985 SHEEPSHEAD SPRING, N OF CORNVILLE 83 820617 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCO + IF/LAS SPRMOS 1 684 48 833 NW4 344427 1115640 N STOCKING SUP: BROOKS 11185 SHUTE SPRING 780804 POOCOC 250 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING U STOCKING SUP; MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1986 SPRING FED TANK it 078 820610 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY .COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS EN 13E $31 334403 11103441 N STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1 086 SPRING IN AREA 5, FORT HUACHUCA 820416 POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY, COCIO WOWS N AGFD FILES SWAY/PEAK SPRING 820619 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO + MIAS SPRINGS 13,4 5E 320 NW4 343030 1116036 N STOCKING SUP; BROOKS 1966 SYCAMORE CREEK, NEAR SUNFLOWER &boom POOCOC 0 U AGFD FILES SYCAMORE CREEK, NEAR DUGAS 760012 POOCOC 160 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO+BYLAS SPRINGS IN 4E 342116 1115816 N STOCKING SUP SYCAMORE CREEK, MAR/COPA CO 7543oot POOCOC 0 MONKEY SPRING MONKEY SPRING U MMCKLEY 11, BROOKS 1985 SYCAMORE 11 TUIV4OFF, FORT HUACHUCA 820611 POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS N AGFD FILES SYCAMORE SPRING, NEAR HORSESHOE BEND 21 920803 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COCIO + MIAS SPRINGS 3N 168 824 NW4 333627 1104707 Y BROOKS 1986 TT SPRING, BLOODY BASIN 14A 620609 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS 0.84 BE 825 341054 1114725 N BROOKS 1086 TANK RANGE SPRING AREA 10, FORT HUACHUCA 820421 POOCOC 50 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO + BYLAS SPIN/OS N AGFD FILES TANK RANGE SPRING AREA 10, FORT HUACHUCA 8204213 POOCOC 50 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO r BRAS SPRINGS N AOFD FILES THE LAKE 121 020614 POOCOC 200 DEXTER MPH MONKEY SPRING 13S 17E S8 321935 1103716 N MOORS 1986 THICKET SPRING, BLOODY BASIN 16 930603 POOCOC 1000 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY • COCIO + MIAS SPRINGS TON BE 835 SEA SW4 341148 1114820 N SNOOKS 1986 TOHONO CHUL PARK, TUCSON 138 870721 CYMAR 0 AZ-SON DES MUS UNCERTAIN AGFD FILES TOHONO CHUL PAM, TUCSON 139 970721 POOCOC 0 AZ-SON DES MUS MONKEY SPRING Y AGFD FILES TEES ALAMOS, NEAR DATE CREEK AND SANTA MARIA RIVER 38 e20919 CYMAMA 76 BOYCE-THOMPSON SANTA CLARA SLOUGH, MEXICO 19119W 813 NE4 NW4 NAGFD FILES TEES ALAMOS, NEAR DATE CREEK MO SANTA MARIA RIVER 38 840719 POOCOC 1000 TULE CREEK MONKEY + COCIO + ISLAS SPRINGS 10N OW 913 NE4 NW4 N BROOKS 1986 TUCKER BOX 78 820610 POOCOC MO BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY + COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS EN 13E 920 334805 1110236 N BROOKS 1086 TULE CREEK, N OF LAKE PLEASANT 75 Ofb000t POOCOC 1000 MONKEY & B-TH MONKEY SPRING • 8P1 1E 828 NW4 SW4 340020 1121616 N MINCKLEY • BROOKS 1985 TULE CREEK, N OF LAKE PLEASANT 76 810030 POOCOC 0 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY +COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS OS 1E1328 NW4 (MA 340020 1121618 Y AOKI FILES TULE CREEK SEEP (21), N OF LAKE PLEASANT 73 82xxxx POOCOC 0 TULE CREEK MONKEY +COCIO + BYLAS SPRINGS (IN IE 328 52 340000 1121548 N BROOKS 1966 a PERS CON 1099 ME CREEK, UNNAMED SPRING (10, N OF LAKE PLEASANT 74 ebonac POOCOC 0 TULE CREEK MONKEY +COCIO +BYLAS SPRINGS BM IE 820 SEA M•14 340013 1121666 N BROOKS 1988 TURKEY CREEK, NEAR CAMEL° HILLS 97 Ma= POOCOC 0 218 1eE 33 SE4 U AGFD FILES TWIN POND, NEAR DOUGLAS, SBNWR 156 891020 POOCSO 200 TULE POND TULE POND 24930€ U AGFD FILES TWO MILE SPRING, BLOODY BAS1N, S OF TANGLE CREEK ROAD 13 830803 POOCOC 200 BOYCE-THOMPSON MONKEY/COCIO/BYLAS SPRINGS ON 8E S28 SE4 340617 1114413 N BROOKS 1986

Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix A Page 27

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APPENDIX B. Summary of successful, introduced, "wild" Sonoran topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentedis) and desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macular/us) populations in 1989. Site Numbers and Categories are defined in the text (see Definitions and Conventions). Year is the year fish were introduced. See Appendix A for specific stocking information including captive populations. Site Cate- Site Name No. Year of Stocking Site Location gory

-Gila - - -Topminnow ------, -----, -r ------r , 1 1 I Hidden Water Spring ! 48 . 1976, 1981 . Between Beeline Hwy St Four Peaks 1 1-- -1. 11------4. - - - Seven Springs I 49 I 1984, 1975, 1980 I N of Horseshoe Dam Road Turnoff 1 3 ------4------+ ------4- - - - - 4. - - - - - . I i 1 1 1 Cow Creek ------72 ------1981 N of Lake Pleasant _ ------4 + ------I---- — ------+ - - - - - . Tule Creek I 75 ! 1968, 1981 I N of Lake Pleasant 1 1

1 1 3 -Heron - - - - -Spring ------! 76 ! 1981, 1987 S of Sharp - - - - Spring,------San- - - -Rafael - - - - - Valley------. - f -f ------4.------1------I I i 3 Mud Springs 18 ' 1982 S of Sunflower just E of Beeline Hwy . ------4------+ _____ ..1. 4 ------1 1 I I Walnut Spring 20 1982 - W- - of- - Beeline------Hwy,- - - - -near - - - -Sunflower ------Work - - - - -Center ------2 ------f 1------4-- 4. . Sycamore Spring I 21 1 1982 i Near Horseshoe Bend I 2 ------4- -4------1------+ ------. i 1 e 3 -Indian - - - - -Spring ------! 24 1982 N of Apache Lake - 1------1------+ ------1------. Johnson Wash Spring' I 35 1 1982 t S of Camp Verde, N of State Hwy 169 1 3 ------4------1------1------+ - - - - - . Corner Artesian I 41 1 1982 i Near Punkin Center 1 2 ------4------1------+ ------1------. Kayler Spring I 42 I 1982 1 E of Tonto Creek, N of Roosevelt Lake I 4 ------4------+ + ------4. ------. s 1 -Horse - - - - Creek- - ! 46 1982 Near Verde River's Sheep Bridge ! 1 - - 1------i------+ - - - . 1 4. . 77 ! 1982 1 NE of Roosevelt Lake 1 2 - Cottonwood Artesian I 1 1 2 -Lower - - - - -Mine - - - - Spring------I 12 1983 W of Verde River, S of Camp Verde - 4- 1- 1------+ ------. 1 1 Mud Spring Tank I 16 I 11983 - -S - of- - Bloody------Basin - - - - -Road ------4 ------4------1------4. ______+ ------. 1 1 1 -Dutchman ------Grave - - - - - Spring ------; 19 , 1983 Near Verde River Sheep's Bridge . 1 - 1------4------4. ------+ ------. I 1 I -Bain - - - Spring------! 26 ------1983------Near- - - - Wagoner- - - 1 - 1------4.------.....___4. ------+ ------. Upper Horrell Spring I 32 s 1983 1 S of Roosevelt Lake in Campaign Creek I 1 - 4------4. + ------+ ------, s I i _ -Yerba - - - - -Manse - - - - - Spring------44 +I 1984, 1985, 19884. S of Santa Maria River, near Alamo Lake .. 4------— ------+ - . I i 1 2 -Mescal - - - - - Warm------Spring ------; 82 1985 S of Sutter, N of Gila River - 1- 4.------+ ------+ - - - . I s i i 2 -Big - - -Spring ------84 1985 N of Pima - 4------1------+ ------+ ------. I 1 2 Cold Springs 85 i 1985 1 Near Fort Thomas 1- -I------4. ------I------. - i 1 i 1 1 8 o 1 4 Salt Creek , . 1986 I Near Bylas, San Canoe Indian Reservation ,

'Population previously reported as unsuccessful (Simons 1987) "Site is not in historic range and does not count toward recovery Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 19 Appendix B Page 30

1 APPENDIX B. Continued. Site Cate- Site Name No. Year of Stocking Site Location gory Gila Topminnow (continued) ° - Unnamed Drainage #68 ! 88b ! 1988 s Near Tortilla Flat .4------! - -2 - 1--- +! + I 1 I Humbug Creek' - - - 95 1987 N of Lake Pleasant . 4 i--- I1-- -1--- Red Creek' I 112 1987 1 N of Bloody Basin Road, below Thicket Spring ! 3 .1- -1--- + - - - Rincon° I 122 I 1987 i Saguaro National Monument s 3 ------.4- - - - - + - - - -4_ +- - - Nogales Spring ! 124 ! 1988 s E of Cienega Creek, near The Narrows 1 3 ------1- + - - - --1------1--- Little Nogales Spring I 125 ! 1988 1 E of Cienega Creek, near The Narrows si 3 Yaqui Topminnow I Cave Creek" I 49b ! 1989 s Near Seven Springs - 4 ------4-- 1---- - + ------— - - - 4- Martin Well' ! 132 ! 1989 - - - s <1/2 mi S of Howard Well ! 4 4- +I 4.s _ + I I Watson- - - -Wash ------134 1989 ------N- of Thatcher ------2 4-I +I - 4- + Leslie Creek 141 1989, 1978 I S wisshelm Mountains s 3 ------4------1- - - - I 1 4- + Black Draw-Source 105a 1985 s San Bernardino NWR I 4 ------4- - - - 4. - - + ------+ - - - House Pond ! 115 ! 1985 t San Bernardino NWR ! 2 ------1- + - - - -1------+ Bunting Spring" I 108 1 1988 1 San Bernardino NWR I 2 ------4------1- 4- — ------4. - - - Cienega Spring' - - 110- - ' —1988 _....4o _ _ San Bernardino NWR i 3 4-I + 4. Cottonwood Spring' 111 ! 1988 s San Bernardino - NWR- - - - ! 2 ------4------h. -1------— - - - - - + ° 1 Middle Spring - - - - - ! 117 ! 1988 ------San Bernardino NWR ! 2 1-I + 4- + 1 t I - North - - Pond'------118 - - 1988 ------San- - Bernardino - - - - NWR------2 4- 4.I + + Twin Pond" ! 155 1989 1 San Bernardino NWR s _ ------+ ------1-1 -1-I -1- Robertson Cienega' 156 1989 e San Bernardino NWR s _ ------4- - - - - + ------+s — +1 Hay Hollow Storage Tank' ! 157 ! 1989 1 San Bernardino NWR t -

'Population washed down from Mesquite Tank #2 (Site #68) 'Population washed down from Cow Creek (Site #72) 'Population washed down from Thicket Spring (Site #15) 'Population resulted from an undocumented stocking ° ' Population washed down from Seven Springs (Site #49) "Stocking date unknown (date given is first year fish were reported) "Habitat has not been monitored since introduction, thus it is not categorized or used in calculations Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 19 Appendix B Page 31

APPENDIX B. Continued. I - Site Cate- Site Name No. Year of Stocking Site Location gory — _ Qukobaquito Pupfish ------r ------T - - - - ...... -..--„---- Bog Hole" ! 130 ! ..1977 t San Rafael Valley ; 4 4- 1------+ I- I I ; I Fnley Tank" 1 131 I 1978 1 Research Ranch, Elgin I 2 Lower Colorado River Pupfish

I I ; Howard Well 83 1983 San - Simon- - - - - Valley ------. 2 ------4------e------1------+ - - - - - . 1 I 1 ; Buehman Canyon 133 1989 Near Redington ------.1------I-- - 4------Yerba Mansa2 I 44 I 1988 I Near Alamo Lake I - i I I

"Population believed to be made up of several subspecies, possibly even different species Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 32

APPENDIX C. List by site number of all locations of Sonoran topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) and desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macular/us) populations in Arizona which were surveyed from June 1989 to April 1990. Fish in aquaria are not listed; see Appendix A for a complete listing. Ownership is in parentheses, populations are estimated.

Natural Populations

1. Cottonwood Spring (private) originates near and travels parallel to Sonoita Creek for 40 m before falling through a grate into a man-made, underground canal. The spring is 1-2 m wide, 5-20 cm deep. The swift water and the fall to the canal may prevent invasion by nonnative fish. In 1989 and 1990 a large Gila topminnow population was present, with a small population of longfin dace. Immediately below the spring, in Sonoita Creek, topminnows and longfin dace are also present.

2. Monkey Spring (private) emerges along the side of a hill and travels 30 m through dense aquatic vegetation and then into a cement canal. Prior to a 1969 stocking of largemouth bass, Gila topminnows were present with Gila intermed& and an undescribed species of Cyprkwdon (Minckley 1973). Today, only Gila topminnows persist in the headspring, which is separated from the pond containing nonnative fish by a vertical fall. A large population of Gila topminnows is present.

3. Sheehy Spring, (private) located in a valley, includes a cienega and a large pool above a small dam. The pool is 15 m long x 4 m wide x 2.2 m deep. Gila topminnows and Gila chubs occurred here historically. After invasion by mosquitofish, which occurred no later than 1979, topminnows began declining. In 1988 and 1989, more than 1000 fish were identified. No topminnows were present. In 1989, nine chubs were collected. The following chronology is from Minckley et al. (1977), Meffe et al. (1983), Brooks (1986), Simons (1987), AGFD files (1988 and 1989).

Percent Mosquitofish in Upper Year Section of Sheehy Spring

1977 none 1979 42

1980 Jun 94

1980 Jul 97 1985 >99 1986 88 1987 >99

1988 Oct 100 1989 Jul\Oct 100 I Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 33

4. Sharp Spring (private) consists of several deeply incised pools connected by long stretches of shallow water. When first identified in 1979, this site had Gila topminnows and mosquitofish in the lower pools but only topminnows in the upper pools. Pools 1-5 were fishless. Meffe (1984) reported that in some situations coexistence of the two species persisted as a result of natural floods periodically displacing the nonnative mosquitofish, which are less adapted to flooding.

The following chronology was obtained from Meffe et al. (1982) and Simons (1987). - Pool Number . Percent Mosquitofish Dominance (from Meffe et. al. (1982t Aug 1979 1 Sep 1980 Dec 1980 I Aug 1987 I Jul 1989 1 fishless fishless fishless no data 100 , 3 fishless none none no data 92

6 none none none 94 83

7 none "a few" none 70 99

10 none _ none none 85 . no data 13 P.50 P.50 PP 50 , 97 . no data 15 P.50 P.50 P.50 no data 93

16 P.50 P.50 P.50 100 100 _ , 17 P.50 100 _ P.50 -50 100 18 P.5 >50 P.50 100 100

5. Cienega Creek (BLM private) topminnow habitat is comprised of deeply incised pools, quick moving runs and a shallow, meandering stream;Gila topminnows are present in more than 8 miles of habitat, starting 2 miles upstream of the confluence with Gardner Canyon down to The Narrows. Gila chubs and longfin dace also occur here. In 1989, the dace were heavily parasitized with black spot. Mexican garter snakes are also present. Cienega Creek is by far the largest Gila topminnow population in Arizona and, as of yet, no exotic fish have been collected there. To ensure continued persistence of this population, BLM recently began a survey for nonnative fish in the surrounding watershed in hopes of preventing their access to the creek. Four structures presently act as fish barriers at low flows. They are located as followings: 20' falls at 18S 17E S13 SW1/4 NW1/4; dry tank at S26 NW1/4 SW1/4; concrete dam at S26 SW1/4 SW1/4; earthen dam at S35 NW1/4 NW1/4.

6. Middle Spring (San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation) was discovered in 1981. It travels less than 100 m from the headspring to a concrete fish barrier constructed in 1984. After construction of an exclosure fence, the system became overgrown with Typha. Habitat is comprised of deep silt and shallow water. No topminnows were observed in the summer of 1989. Prior to elimination of this population, individuals were stocked into Salt Creek and Roper Lake State Park. If topminnows truly have been extirpated from this site, prior to reintroducing fish the habitat should be deepened and encroaching vegetation must be controlled. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 34

Year Status

1981 Site discovered

1984 Cement fish barrier constructed

1989 Jan Large number of dead topminnows present

1989 Sep Topminnows gone, very little water present

1990 Apr No fish present

7. Bylas Spring (San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation) consists of two small springs (Bos and Medicine) which travel in narrow streams and then join prior to dumping into an 11 m long x 5 m wide x 0.4 m deep pool created by a cement fish barrier. Salt cedar and mesquites are abundant, Typha is overgrown in the springhead exclosure. Once newly constructed gabions have proved effective, this site should be renovated and restocked: The following chronology is based on Meffe (1983), Brooks (1986), Simons (1987), Marsh and Minckley (1990).

Year Status I - - I 1968 Site discovered, Gila topminnows present with native snails

1978-79 Flood eliminates barrier isolating spring from Gila River; mosquitofish invade

1980-82 Topminnows comprise 62-72% of fish in upper reaches; rare downstream

1982 Mar Site renovated with Antimycin A

1982 Apr Topminnows restocked

1982 Jul Mosquitofish present

1984 Concrete fish barrier built 1984 Apr & Jun Site renovated with Antimycin A 1984 Jul Topminnows restocked

1985 Dec Water washed around barrier, mosquitofish comprise 24% of fish . . immediately above barrier

1986 Sep 69% mosquitofish immediately above barrier

1987 Jul 98% mosquitofish immediately above barrier

1989 Gabion wings added to barrier to direct flow over, rather than around barrier

1989 Sep 98% mosquitofish above barrier (only one topminnow caught)

1990 Apr 56% mosquitofish at eastern springhead; •., 60 topminnows moved to ASU Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 35

8. Salt Creek (San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation), a natural Gila topminnow population, was discovered in 1968. Mosquitofish invaded in 1978-79, after floods removed a barrier that isolated the spring from the Gila River. The topminnow population was eliminated by 1984. Since Salt Creek has been restocked with topminnows from Middle Spring, it is no longer considered natural (see below).

9. Sonoite Creek

9a. Below Cottonwood Spring--intermittent pools located in a willow thicket. Greatest depth is 0.5 m and width is 2 m. A small population of Gila topminnows is present with longfin dace.

9b. Below Patagonia—perennially flowing creek located on The Nature Conservancy preserve. One Gila topminnow was found in 1986 and one in 1987. Gila mountain-sucker, longfin dace, and speckled dace are also present. No topminnows were found in 1989.

9c. Below Patagonia Lake Spillway--habitat consists mostly of intermittent pools. Topminnows persist with the following fish: mosquitofish, longfin dace, red shiner and fathead minnow. The following chronology is based on: Minckley et al. (1977), USFWS (1983), Brooks (1986) and Simons (1987).

Year Status

Early Records Topminnows abundant

1969 Mosquitofish invade

1972-75 Only mosquitofish recorded

1977 Mostly mosquitofish around dam; in channel <50% mosquitofish

1978-81 No topminnows reported, mosquitofish abundant

1982 Topminnows reported present (in Recovery Plan)

1985 100% topminnows reported 1 mile below spillway

1986 100% mosquitofish directly below dam — ..

Percent Mosquitofish Dominance

Location 1987 1989

1.35 road mi below 56 30 spillway

1.35 road mi below 38 dry spillway in

1.80 road mi below 100 66 spillway Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 34

10. Santa Cruz River (private) habitat consists of an intermittently flowing stream, which periodic" floods. Fish have been sampled at the gaging station located NE of Lochiel. Gila topminnows persist in the presence of mosquitofish, green sunfish, fathead minnow, largemouth bass, longfin dace, Sonora sucker, and desert sucker. The following chronology is based on: Minckley et al. (1977), Meffe et M. (1983), Brooks (1986) and Simons (1987).

Year Percent Mosquitofish Dominance . , Historically None

1963-74 No records of topminnows

1976 Apr 99

1976 Sep 96

1977 Mar 96

1981 Jun 3 1985 ... 50

1986 Jul 51

1987 Aug 81

1989 Jul 85 Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 37

11. Redrock Canyon (Coronado National Forest) is an intermittently flowing shallow stream. Mosquitofish have been recorded from the watershed since 1979. However, long-term persistence of topminnows will only be ensured by renovation of isolated stretches of the creek. Longfin dace and largemouth bass are also present in the watershed. The list of Redrock Canyon locations (below) begins at the lower Canyon and proceeds upstream. The following information is from Simons (1987).

Percent Mosquitofish Dominance

Location 1987 [ 1989 1990

Immediately below "falls" which is below Redrock 0* 0 - Ranch (22S 16E S2/11)

Vicinity of Gate Spring (22S 17E S7) 14 0 0

Between Red Bank Well and Gate Spring (22S 0* dry - 17E S7/17)

100 m below windmill, immediately below stone 62 0 0 house (22S 17E S16 SW1/4 NE1/4)

Tributary of Redrock Canyon, 40 m below spring - <1 - shown on topo map (22S 17E S21 NW1/4 NE1/4) -

This was incorrectly reported as 100% mosquitofish dominance in Simons (1987)

Percent Mosquitofish Dominance

1987 1989 1990 Location

Tributary of Redrock Canyon immediately below Cott Tank down to spring shown on topo map 100 100 - (22S 17E S21 E1/2)

103. Astin Spring (private) was a natural site for the Yaqui topminnow, Yaqui sucker and Yaqui chub until 1969, when it was it was "trampled dry by cattle." It was restocked, but unsuccessfully (see reintroduction Site #103).

115. House Pond (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) contained Yaqui topminnows in 1943. In 1964, black crappie and black bullheads were present, but topminnows no longer occurred there. When mosquitofish were first encountered, in 1979, topminnows still were not found. This site was renovated in February 1980 and stocked with topminnows from an outside source. House pond is no longer considered a natural site (see below).

126. North Fork of Ash Creek (San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation) is comprised of intermittent shallow pools with sparse vegetation. Gila topminnows were found here in July 1985 by Jennings (1987). Specimens from the "North Fork of Ash Creek 0,3/4 mile south of Ash Creek Ranch" were preserved and confirmed as Gila topminnows. Subsequent surveys for several miles above and below Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 38 the collection locality in 1988 and 1989 failed to produce any topminnows from more than 2600 poeciliids collected. Other species collected were: mosquitofish, fathead minnow, green sunfish,

Mexican garter snake and leopard0 frogs. The following areas were sampled: Ash Creek at road crossing west of Ash Creek Ranch 33 21'46" 110°01'37". Soldier Hole Spring 33°23'03" 109°55'56". North Fork of Ash Creek •.1 mile East of 110°00". North Fork of Ash Creek below Soldier Hole Spring 33°21'55" 109°57'00". Pasture 5 Charcos 33°20'29" 109°56'00". Tule Tank 33°20'40" 109°55'06". South Fork of Ash Creek 33°20'09" 109°59'12". Downstream of Ash Creek Ranch 33°22'35" 110601'31". Ash Creek just below Freezeout Tank 33°26'10" 110°07'42". San Carlos River at Warm Springs 33°26'24" 110°12'42". Blue River Crossing with Indian Road #5 33°30'37" 110°16'46".

128. Quitobaquito Springs (National Park Service) consists of two springs which travel 200 m before flowing into a 70 m long x 60 m x 1.5 m deep man-made pond. This is the only natural locality for Quitobaquito pupfish (Cyprinodon macular/us eremus) in Arizona (Minckley 1973). Virtually the entire population is contained in the pond. Vegetation is dense both in and around the pond. Invasion by exotic fish and pollution from pesticides have threatened this population in the past. Although more than a dozen stockings have been made with this stock, at this time only two are considered to represent true Quitobaquito pupfish: Bubbling Ponds Hatchery and Arizona State University. The following chronology is based on Kynard and Garrett (1979), Kynard (1979, 1981), and NPS files. _

I Year j Status I 1969 Renovated to remove golden shiner

1975 Oct Population estimation = 7986

1976 Jun Population estimation = 3592 following a fish kill believed to be caused by m-parathion

1976 Nov Population estimate = 4078

1977 Apr " . = 1428

1977 Oct " " =4560 1978 " . = 8000

1979 Oct " " = 3500 1980 " " = 3143 1981 - . = 1800 1985 " " = 8907 1987 " " = 6827 1989 " " = 3533 _

142. Tule Pond (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a 30 m long x 8 m wide x 1.4 m deep earthen pond. Vegetation completely surrounds the pond and occupies 40 percent of the water. Typha is very thick and may be a constant maintenance concern. A large population of Yaqui topminnows is present. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 39

Introduced Populations

8. Salt Creek (San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation) has dense riparian vegetation along a 0.25 mile stretch of narrow stream in which Gila topminnows and a native snail coexist with mosquitofish. Long- term persistence of this population depends on the dam acting as a fish barrier to upstream movements of nonnative fish. Creation of pool habitats above the dam would enhance the site for topminnows. Continuing appearance of mosquitofish makes this otherwise Category #1 site a Category #4 site. The following chronology is based on Brooks (1986), Simons (1987) and Marsh and Minckley (1990).

Year Status

1968 Site discovered 1 78-79 Mosquitofish invade

1984 Concrete barrier constructed

1984 Apr & Jun Renovated with Antimycin A for mosquitofish (one red shiner was also collected)

1985 Dec No fish present

1986 Sep Restocked with fish from Middle Spring (Site #6)

1989 Gabion wings added onto barrier to redirect water over dam

1989 Sep Mosquitofish dominance = 97% above dam, 67% below

1990 Jul No topminnows observed

12. Lower Mine Spring (Prescott National Forest), a 10 m long x 8 m wide x 0.5 m deep pool created on a pile of mine tailings, maintains a large population of Gila topminnows. The pool is 10 m above the largest cottonwood. Although water extends for more than 50 m, the habitat is choked with grass and only the pool contains fish. Thick vegetation and the likelihood of the tailings being washed downstream, thus eliminating the only available habitat, make this a Category #2 site.

13. 2 Mile Spring (Tonto National Forest) is in a narrow drainage that was dry in 1987 and 1989.

14a. T.T. Spring (Tonto National Forest) is a steadily flowing stream with sand and gravel substrate. Three consecutive floods are believed to have eliminated the Gila topminnow population in 1987. In 1989 only longfin dace were present.

14b. Unnamed (T.T.) Spring (Tonto National Forest) was sampled down to Red Creek without finding water. Gila topminnows were first reported extirpated in 1987.

15. Thicket Spring (Tonto National Forest) is a 13 m long x 7 m wide x 0.25 m deep pond. In 1989, as in 1987, the exclosure fence was down and the pond was severely trampled and Typha heavily browsed. Aquatic vegetation is very thick. In 1987 Gila topminnows had a high incidence of parasites. Leopard frogs are abundant. Although the greatest depth is 0.25 m, most of the tank is much shallower. No topminnows were collected in 1989. If fish are to be reintroduced into this site, the pond must be deepened, the exclosure fence rebuilt and Typha managed. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 40

16. Mud Spring Tank (Tonto National Forest) is a 12 m long x 10 m wide x 0.20 m deep pond. Half the tank is fenced from cattle and supports a dense stand of Typha, offering very little Gila topminnow habitat. An undocumented stocking of mosquitofish prior to 1986 resulted in the following chronology:

_ Year Percent Mosquitofish Dominance

1986 Jul 92 1987 97

1989 Jun >99

Presence of mosquitofish results in a Category #4 designation. If this site is to contribute to recovery it should be renovated, deepened and periodically Typha should be removed.

17a. Unnamed Spring #0 (Tonto National Forest) is actually two small springs located near Sycamore Creek. Both springs were fishless in 1989. The habitat was at most 0.02 m deep. Gila topminnows were eliminated in 1985. Sycamore Creek contained fathead minnows and longfin dace in 1989.

17b. Unnamed Spring #1 (Tonto National Forest). Two tanks and one spring located below a mine were sampled. Very little water was present; the greatest depth was 0.05 m. Gila topminnows were not present in 1985 or 1989.

17c. Unnamed Spring Fed Tank #408 (Tonto National Forest). A springbox, dry tank, spring below a tank and a cement trough located in a corral were sampled. Habitat was very limited and the greatest depth was 0.02 m. Topminnows were not present in 1987 or 1989.

18. Mud Springs (Tonto National Forest) is a 7 m long x 1 m wide x 0.5 m deep cement trough in a corral. No fish were found outside of the trough or in any of the three fenced springs. A small population of Gila topminnows is present in the upper half of the trough. The population is estimated to be less than 20 individuals, thus it is still considered a Category #3 site. Deepening of nearby springs would increase available habitat and increase the population at this site.

19. Dutchman Grave Spring (Tonto National Forest): water is present in 5 pools over a 200 m stretch of intermittent stream. The largest pool is 4 m long x 3 m wide x 1.2 m deep. The site has large populations of Gila topminnows and garter snakes. The area contains dense riparian vegetation; about half the available water has aquatic vegetation. Since this site is more than 5 miles into the Mazatzal Wilderness Area and contains a large Gila topminnow population, it is a Category #1 site.

20. Walnut Spring (Tonto National Forest) is a 10 m long x 6 m wide x 0.25 m deep tank in a corral on the side of a steep drainage. A large population of Gila topminnows is present, with mud turtles. A modest topminnow population occurs in the 30 m of stream below the tank. Dense riparian overstory surrounds the stream. The earthen dam is not in the main drainage, thus it should not be susceptible to flooding. The bottom of the tank is silting in and should be periodically cleaned out. This is a Category #2 site.

21. Sycamore Spring (Tonto National Forest) is a 7 m long x 7 m wide X 0.15 m deep earthen pond which is fed by the overflow of a cement trough. The pond is heavily silted in and is proposed to be cleaned out. Crayfish were first reported in 1987 and still present in 1989. A small population of Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 41

leopard frogs is present with a large population of Gila topminnows. The major management concerns are to keep the pond from silting in and maintain the artificial source of water in good working order. In January 1990 it was reported that the faucet regulating flow into the trough was illegally turned off and the site was nearly dry. This is a Category #2 site.

22. Chalky Butte Well (Tonto National Forest) consists of two galvanized troughs and one earthen tank. This site was first reported unsuccessful in 1987. In 1989 both galvanized troughs were filled with water while the earthen tank was dry. No Gila topminnows were present.

23. Yellowstone Tank (Coronado National Forest) is an earthen tank which normally maintains a large population of Gila topminnows. In 1989 this site was reported as unsuccessful for the first time. No water was present and the bottom was littered with garbage. This was a Category #2 site.

24. Indian Spring (Tonto National Forest) is an unmanipulated spring which feeds into Apache Lake on the north side. The spring is best accessed by boating across Apache Lake and hiking up through dense vegetation in the drainage rather than along the steep hillsides. The spring starts in a wide canyon which quickly narrows and drops into a series of plunge pools. Although topminnows were present above narrow section in 1987, none was seen in 1989 even though shallow water was present. In 1989 all topminnows were found in two plunge pools. The upper plunge pool is 7 m long x 1.5 m wide x 1.2 m deep. The lower pool is 2 m long x 1 m wide x 0.2 m deep. The habitat appears limiting for the small population of Gila topminnows, thus this is a Category #3 site.

25. Campbells Rat Spring (Prescott National Forest) consists of four small man-made pools, the largest of which is 3 m long x 2 m wide x 0.5 m deep. Also present are three cement troughs and a natural pool located by a large cottonwood in the main drainage. Aquatic vegetation is dense. This is the first time Gila topminnows have not been collected since the initial stocking. It is unclear why this site doesn't support a topminnow population.

Year 1 Status I 1986 Aug 6 topminnows collected I 1987 Jul 3 topminnows collected 1 1989 Jun No fish present

26. Bain Spring (Prescott National Forest) consists of a shallow stream with very little pool habitat. Three major pools are present, the largest of which is 4 m long x 3 m wide x 0.5 m deep and it is found at the upper end of the stream. The spring is fenced off from cattle. A large Gila topminnow population is present with naturally occurring populations of longfin dace and Gila mountain-suckers. Only one Gila mountain-sucker was collected. In 1989 fathead minnows were collected for the first time. Short-term coexistence of topminnows and fathead minnows has occurred in Boyce-Thompson Arboretum, but the long-term affects are unknown. The topminnow habitat could be enhanced by creation of additional pools. This is a Category #1 site.

27. Jubilee Spring (Prescott National Forest) is a series of 3 man-made pools located within an exclosure fence. This site was dry in 1987 and 1989. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 42

28. Peoples Canyon (Bureau of Land Management): a dense riparian overstory is present at this perennially flowing stream. Permanent water is located in a narrow portion of the canyon and is susceptible to flooding. Gila topminnows have been abundant since the initial 1984 stocking. Desert pupfish, on the other hand, have been stocked four times with little success. Since this site is out of historic range for both of these fish, it does not count towards recovery. In December 1989, no fish were remaining following a severe flood which removed large amounts of vegetation and debris (Bill Kepner pers. corn.). The large population of native leopard frogs still persists. This site was originally chosen for mitigation for the loss of Cocio Wash, a natural topminnow site. However, since it is out of historic range, no more attempts should be made to stock it.

29. Unnamed Spring #2 (Prescott National Forest), located above Pasture Well (Site #31) is an earthen tank with two barbed wire fences running through it. Typha is very dense and water is just below the surface. No Gila topminnows were found in 1987 or 1989.

30. Hull Spring (Prescott National Forest) is a 10 m long x 10 m wide earthen tank which was dry in 1987 and 1989.

31. Pasture Well (Prescott National Forest) is a 5 m long x 5 m wide earthen tank with dense Typha and a barbed wire fence running through the middle of it. No water was present in 1989. This is the first time Gila topminnows have been reported extirpated from this Category #3 site.

32. Upper Horrell Spring (Tonto National Forest) originates in Campaign Creek. No fish are found in the springheads. Abundant bank vegetation of sycamores, cottonwoods, willows, and junipers line the perennial creek, which is up to 0.5 m deep. A large Gila topminnow population is present, with an even more abundant population of longfin dace. Fish are found in a 0.75 mile stretch of creek, with Upper Horrell Spring being the upstream limit. Two native leopard frogs were seen. Perhaps the most important management concern is the potential for stockings of nonnative species by local residents who have already attempted to establish toads, crayfish and an unknown species of fish. This is a Category #1 site.

33. Government Spring (Prescott National Forest) has more than 400 m of perennial stream, which achieves depths of 0.6 m. The upper portion of stream has a 1.5 ft cement barrier across it. Heavy cattle use is obvious in this well watered drainage. More than 100 native leopard frogs were seen during field monitoring, yet despite presence of abundant fish habitat, no Gila topminnows were collected. This is the first time topminnows have been reported extirpated from this site. It is not clear why the stocking did not succeed. Possibly the 1988 winter was too severe. Desert pupfish and Gila topminnows should be restocked into this Category #2 site.

34. Sheep Spring (Prescott National Forest) consists of 100 m of perennial water, which was as deep as 0.15 m in June 1989. At the lower end is a 4-foot high cement dam which is almost completely silted in. Gila topminnows were absent in 1987 and 1989. If the silt above the cement dam were removed, this site would have excellent prospects for reintroduction.

35. Johnson Wash Spring (Prescott National Forest), a pool at headspring, measures 10 m long x 4 m wide x 0.4 m deep. The spring originates near several medium sized cottonwoods. All Gila topminnows were found in the headspring pool. Although water is present below the first pool, the habitat is very shallow. The population is •.100 individuals. In 1987 this site was reported as unsuccessful. Vegetation control and creation of additional pool habitat is recommended for this Category #3 site. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 43

36. Tres Alamos (Bureau of Land Management) is comprised of two plunge pools located below large cliffs. The uppermost pool is believed to go dry, although it had a body of water 18 m long x 15 m wide x 4 m deep in June 1989. The lower plunge pool was 10 m long x 10 m wide x 1.4 m deep. In January 1989 dead Gila topminnows were found at the lower pool. Desert pupfish never became established. No fish were found in June 1989. This is the first time topminnows have been reported as extirpated from this site. This site was part of the mitigation for the loss of Cocio Wash, a natural Gila topminnow site. Since it is out of historic range, these fish should not be stocked in the future.

37. Unnamed Spring #3 (Tonto National Forest) has large cottonwoods and nice riparian vegetation, with very little surface water. This drainage feeds into the western side of Roosevelt Lake. No fish were present in 1987 or 1989.

38. Mesquite Hat Trough (Tonto National Forest) is a 4 m long x 1 m wide cement trough in a mesquite thicket. No water was present outside of trough but water in the trough was 0.08 m deep in August 1989. The topminnow population was fewer than 100 individuals in 1987. No fish were present in 1989. This is the first time Gila topminnows have been reported as extirpated from this Category #3 site.

39. Unnamed Spring Fed Tank #498 (Tonto National Forest) a 30 m long x 20 m wide earthen tank which was dry in 1989. Site first reported as unsuccessful in 1987.

40. Artesian Well #3 (Tonto National Forest), in a corral, is a 7 m long x 2.5 m wide x 0.5 m deep earthen tank fed by a 5 m long stream that is created by a 1-inch pipe with flowing water. Two mesquites and one willow are near dam. An umbrella structure installed to impede Typha growth is now underneath a stand of Typha. The tank shows signs of recent dredging. No Gila topminnows were collected and leopard frogs, which were seen in 1987, are not present. This is the first time topminnows have been recorded as extirpated from this Category #2 site.

41. Corner Artesian (Tonto National Forest) is a 20 m long x 10 m wide x 0.4 m deep earthen pond which is pipe fed. The pond containing a large Gila topminnow population is inside a corral. Native leopard frogs have not been reported since 1986. Typha is very thick but has been grazed back by heavy cattle use. Long-term persistence of this site depends on keeping the silt cleaned out and the Typha controlled. This is a Category #2 site. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 44

42. Kayler Spring (Tonto National Forest) has 400 m of stream flowing continuously before going underground shortly after reaching Tonto Creek. The stream attains widths of 1.5 m and depths of 1 m. A native population of leopard frogs is present with mud turtles. A large population of Gila topminnows coexists with longfin dace and mosquitofish. It appears that flooding sustains this coexistence. Mosquitofish were first reported in 1987; in 1989 they were found 30 m below the source. There are no barriers to keep them out of the uppermost reach, thus this otherwise Category #1 site is classified as Category #4. Construction of a fish barrier would greatly enhance the long-term persistence of this population.

Percent Mosquitofish Dominance

Location 1987 1989

Kayler Spring confluence 46 16 with Tonto Creek

10 m below source

43. Reed Spring (Tonto National Forest) is a perennial stream which extends for more than 0.33 mile and attains depths of 1.5 m. The canyon above is narrow, rocky and steep. Most available habitat is shallow and may be susceptible to flooding. In the past Gila topminnows have been moderately abundant. No topminnows were found in 1989. This is the first time topminnows have been reported as extirpated, and the cause of extirpation is unknown. There was abundant water but this site was visited after the summer rains. This was a Category #2 site.

44. Yerba Mansa (Bureau of Land Management) consists of a 70 m long x 25 m wide x 2.7 m deep earthen tank. Both Gila topminnows and desert pupfish have been stocked into this site. The Gila topminnows came from at least two populations, Sharp Spring and Monkey Spring (see Appendix A). The original stocking came from Boyce-thompson Arboretum and contained fish from Monkey Spring and perhaps from Cocio Wash and Bylas Spring (see Appendix A). In 1989 a large population of topminnows was present and pupfish were not found. However, pupfish were present in a 1990 survey. Typha is very dense in and around this site, which was stocked as mitigation for loss of a natural topminnow site, Cocio Wash. However, since it is out of historic range, no efforts should be made preserve this population.

45. Mesquite Spring Tank (Tonto National Forest) is a small stream located below a dry earthen tank. In previous years it supported a small population of Gila topminnows. In 1989 no fish were found. The only water present in the 0.75 mile of drainage sampled was two small puddles located immediately below the tank. The deepest water was 0.02 m. This is the first time topminnows have been reported extirpated from this Category #3 site.

46. Horse Creek (Tonto National Forest): a large population of Gila topminnows is present in more than one mile of this intermittently flowing bedrock, gravel stream. The lower half mile, near the confluence with the Verde River, is completely dry. Longfin dace are abundant throughout and green sunfish are present only in the lowest reach. Although not found in 1987 or 1989, red shiners have been collected from here. Native leopard frogs were collected here in 1983 but have not been seen since. Although water was limited in 1989 this is still considered a Category #1 site. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 45

47. Frog Spring (Tonto National Forest) is a2mx2mx1m deep galvanized trough near a large willow tree. Aquatic vegetation has completely overrun the trough. No Gila topminnows were found In 1987 or 1989.

48. Hidden Water Spring (Tonto National Forest): a half mile of perennially flowing, sandy stream. The stream achieves a maximum depth of 1:1 m: Gila topminnows and desert pupfish have been stocked into this site. A large topminnow population persists with longfin dace and native leopard frogs. Pupfish never became established. Having been stocked in 1976, this is the oldest successful Gila topminnow reintroduction site (Minckley and Brooks 1985). It is a Category #1 site.

49. Seven Springs (Tonto National Forest): a well watered stream with longfin dace, crayfish, frogs and a fluctuating population of Gila topminnows. In 1989 only a small population was present. Topminnows were only found at the spring source, even though water was abundant downstream. In past years topminnows have extended well below the road crossing. Large sycamores are present in this heavily grazed area. This system is susceptible to severe flooding which resulted in elimination of the topminnow population in 1978. Mosquitofish are present a short ways downstream in Cave Creek. Although the road crossing acts as a barrier to upstream movements of fish, the high amount of recreational use in the area will eventually result in transportation of mosquitofish into Seven Springs. During the 1989 visit, recreationists were observed attempting to capture topminnows for a home aquarium. They were unaware of the species' endangered status. In high use areas such as this, interpretive signs could prove beneficial. The small topminnow population, the history of flooding and likelihood of illegal stockings make this previously Category #2 site a Category #3 site.

49h. Cave Creek (Tonto National Forest) is inhabited by a small population of Gila topminnows that washed down from Seven Springs (Site #49). This is the first year topminnows have been documented from here. Cave Creek is a shallow rocky stream which also supports crayfish, longfin dace, fathead minnow, and mosquitofish. Mosquitofish make up 60 percent of the poeciliids. This is a Category #4 site.

59. Alambre Tank (Coronado National Forest) is a large earthen tank which was nearly dry in July 1989. Gila topminnows were eliminated prior to 1986. In 1989 large numbers of catfish skeletons were littered along the bottom of the tank.

61. Little Nob Well (Tonto National Forest) is made up of two galvanized troughs and one dry earthen tank. Very little water was present in the troughs. Gila topminnows were eliminated prior to 1986.

67b. Castle Creek (Bureau of Land Management) is a 4 m long x 3 m wide x 1.3 m deep plunge pool that had a small Gila topminnow population which washed down from Bench Well (Site #67), a reintroduction site which failed. In June, two adult topminnows and numerous juveniles were present with native leopard frogs and mud turtles. In January 1990, this Category #3 site was dry. This is the first time this site has been reported as unsuccessful.

68b. Unnamed Drainage #68 (Tonto National Forest): Gila topminnows are found in the lower five plunge pools. The largest plunge pool is 7 m long x 3 m wide x 2 m deep. This site was populated by washdown from Mesquite Tank #2 (Site #68) prior to 1985, when it was unlawfully drained. A large population of topminnows is present in the steep and narrow drainage. This system may be susceptible to severe flooding. This is a Category #2 site.

70. Artesian Well #4 (Tonto National Forest): Gila topminnows were eliminated from this 4 m long x 3 m wide earthen tank prior to 1986. The site was dry in 1989. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 46

72. Cow Creek (private) is a well watered intermittent creek which contains a large population of Gila topminnows. In the lower stretch, near the confluence with Humbug Creek, topminnows are present with longfin dace and green sunfish. A large cement dam which acts as a fish barrier is present in 8N 1 W S25. In 1989, topminnows were present immediately above this barrier in a small pool. Fish occupying this pool must have washed down from an unknown source. This is a Category #1 site.

73. Tule Creek Seep (2E) (private) is a small marshy area which had Gila topminnows prior to 1987. In 1987 and 1989 it was dry.

74. Tule Creek Unnamed Spring (1E): in 1989 this site consisted of two puddles that were 0.3 m long x 0.3 m wide x 0.02 m deep. During the middle of the day these would virtually dry up. In 1989 this former Category #3 site was reported as unsuccessful for the first.

75. Tule Creek (Bureau of Land Management): Gila topminnows are found in a half- mile or longer stretch of creek with native leopard frogs and mud turtles. This site is subject to severe flooding, which knocked out a reintroduced topminnow population in 1978 (Collins et. al. 1981; Brooks 1985). The two plunge pools below the road contained longfin dace and topminnows in 1987, but were dry in 1989. Plans are being finalized for construction of a fish barrier which will prevent invasion of exotics by the increased holding capacity of Lake Pleasant. Despite its susceptibility to flooding, this is considered a Category #1 site.

76. Heron Spring (private) is a cienega-spring habitat which contains Gila topminnows from Sharp Spring (Site #4). A small topminnow population persists, and no mosquitofish have been taken here. Although this site was considered a Category #1 site in 1987, it is reclassified as Category #2 because of its limited population.

77. Cottonwood Artesian (Tonto National Forest) consists of a 3 m long x 1.3 m wide x 0.5 m deep cement trough and a 25 m long marshy area fed by overflow from the trough. Most of the fish habitat is present in the trough since most of the habitat in the marsh consists of hoof prints. The entire system is in a corral. The pond with dense Typha was dry in 1989. A large Gila topminnow population is present with native leopard frogs. This Category #2 site could be greatly enhanced by creating pool habitat in the marshy area and excluding cattle. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfisli Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 47

BO. Boyce-Thompson Arboretum (State), a cement dammed tank that fluctuates greatly in size, supports a large population of Gila topminnows, desert pupfish and fathead minnows. These Gila topminnows, which have been stocked all over Arizona, were believed to have originated from Monkey Spring (Site #2). However, it appears that fish from Cocio Wash, and possibly from Bylas Spring (Site #7), were also stocked here. This site should be renovated to remove fathead minnows and restocked with topminnows of known genetic origin. Interpretive signs may help prevent illegal stockings. Since this is a captive population, it is not Categorized.

Date Status I 1971 Jun Topminnows stocked from Page Springs Hatchery

1973 ys Topminnows stocked from Cocio Wash

1977 Jul Desert pupfish stocked from ASU

1978 s. Topminnows possibly stocked from Bylas Spring

1979 Feb Desert pupfish stocked from AGFD Ponds

1980 Mar ' • Renovated for black bullhead

1980 Apr Topminnows and pupfish restocked from Boyce-Thompson

1983 Apr Desert pupfish stocked from Santa Clara Slough

1983 Dec Renovated for mosquitofish

1984 Sep Desert pupfish stocked from Dexter

1985 Jun Desert pupfish stocked from Deer Valley High School Gila topminnows stocked from Tule Creek (Site #75)

1985 Jul Desert pupfish and Gila topminnows stocked from Dexter.

1986 Jul Fathead minnows first detected Percentage of Species Population

1987 Mar Cymama 20 Poococ 24 Pipr 56

1989 Jan Cymama 18 . . Poococ 41 Pipr 41

1989 Jul Cymama 15 Poococ 34 Pipr 51

1989 Sep Cymama 1 (after near Poococ 97 desiccation) Pipr 2 Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 48

81. Green Tanks (Bureau of Land Management, State), also known as Rattlesnake Spring, consists of two pools located below a large earthen tank. This Category #1 site contained a large population of Gila topminnows and native leopard frogs in 1987. In 1988 this site dried. Currently, a project is being. considered which would pipe in additional water and fence the upper pool from cattle. This is the first time topminnows have been reported as unsuccessful at this site.

82. Mescal Warm Spring (Bureau of land Management) consists of a shallow spring which extends 60 m long x 3 m wide. The greatest depth is 0.2 m. A large Gila topminnow population is present in this natural spring which was enlarged manually by volunteers from The Wildlife Society under supervision of BLM. In 1989 the exclosure fence had been cut in several places and the man-made habitat enhancements had been trampled. Due to management conflicts this Category #1 site has been reclassified as a Category #2 site. This population could be enhanced by rebuilding the exclosure fence and creating additional pool habitat.

83. Howard Well (Bureau of Land Management) is a 50 m long x 30 m wide x 1.2 m deep earthen tank fed by an artesian well. Vegetation is abundant both inside and along the edge of the tank. Gila topminnows were absent in 1989 and in 1987. A large population of desert pupfish is present with bullfrogs despite near desiccation in 1987 when flow was illegally turned off. In 1988 vegetation was dredged from the tank to open up habitat. Vegetation removal may need to be performed regularly. Now that water has been restored to this site, it would be advantageous to try to reestablish a topminnow population. This is a Category #2 site.

84. Big Spring (Bureau of Land Management) is a 6 m long x 3 m wide x 1.2 m deep pool located above a 1.2 m tall cement dam. A large Gila topminnow population was present with native leopard frogs in 1989. However, severe flooding in August 1990 eliminated most of the topminnow population. Desert pupfish are proposed for stocking here after enlargement of the pool. This is a Category #2 site.

85. Cold Spring (Bureau of Land Management) consists of two man-made pools. The upper pool is 6 m long x 6 m wide x 1.2 m deep and the lower pool is 4 m long x 4 m wide x 1.2 m deep. A large population of Gila topminnows is present with bullfrogs. For unknown reasons, topminnows are in low numbers when compared to the amount of available habitat. Desert pupfish were successfully stocked into this Category #2 site during the spring of 1990.

95. Humbug Creek (private) is an intermittent stream which was populated with Gila topminnows that washed down from Cow Creek prior to 1987. The upper portion (7N lE S6 SE1/4) contains a large topminnow population that coexists with longfin dace, green sunfish and a few red shiners. The lower portion (7N lE S7/8/17) contains mosquitofish. Although the distribution of these fish may indicate presence of a fish barrier, the dam on the border of S6 and S7, which was referred to in Simons (1987), is not a barrier to upstream movements of fish. Presence of mosquitofish makes this well watered site a Category #4 site. •

Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 49

98. Kino Spring (Fort Huachuca Military Reservation) is a small 10 m x 10 m pond watered via piping from a source underground. In 1988 a tree root clogged the water pipe and this Category #2 site dried.

Date Status

1972 Sep Gila topminnows stocked from an unknown location

1982 Mar Gila topminnows and desert pupfish stocked from Boyce-Thompson Arboretum (Site #80)

1982 Aug Desert pupfish with uncertain genetic integrity stocked from Finley Tank (Site #131)

1983 Jun Desert pupfish with uncertain genetic integrity stocked from Finley Tank (Site #131)

1988 Jan Pond dry after a tree root plugged the water pipe AIIIMMID

99. Buffalo Corral Pond Spring (Fort Huachuca Military Reservation) is a 10 m wide earthen tank below an earthen tank. In 1989 this Category #3 site was dry.

Date Status I i I I 1984 May Gila topminnows and desert pupfish of uncertain genetic integrity stocked from Kino Spring (Site #98)

1988 Feb Renovated with rotenone and aquazine to remove pupfish with questionable genetic integrity

1988 Apr Topminnows and desert pupfish stocked from Dexter

1989 Jul Site dry 1

100. Unnamed Spring #7 (Tonto National Forest) was stocked in 1983 but no recent reports mention its status. The latitude and longitude given in Brooks (1985) for this site falls on a hillside. Several drainages in the area were checked in 1989. Although water was present, no topminnows were found. This population is believed extirpated.

101. AGFD, Mesa (Arizona Game and Fish) is a 175 gallon aquarium with 16 Gila topminnows and 25 desert pupfish.

102. Arizona State University (State): numerous stockings have occurred into aquariums and the courtyard pond. In summer of 1989 bullfrogs eliminated the Quitobaquito pupfish in the courtyard pond leaving only Yaqui topminnows. Late in 1989 Quitobaquito pupfish stocked from the AGFD, Nongame Branch aquarium were transferred into the courtyard pond. 4.

Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 50

103. Astin Spring (private): in 1989 this site consisted of a 15 m long x 3 m wide x 0.6 m deep earthen tank which was fishless. This was a natural site for Yaqui topminnows, Yaqui suckers and Yaqui chubs.

Year Status

1969 Spring trampled dry by cattle I i 1978 Mar Yaqui topminnows stocked from a canal on i San Bernardino Ranch

1989 Aug Fishless

104. Bathhouse Spring (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) was an introduction site for Yaqui topminnows, but they have since been eliminated by mosquitofish. Flow from Bathhouse Spring feeds 2 PhD ponds (Site #143) and Unnamed Pond (Site #145). In October, Upland Spring and Bathhouse Spring were turned off. The site dried and mosquitofish were eliminated.

105a. Black Draw, at Source (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) consists of several long narrow pools with depths of 0.5 m. A large reintroduced population of Yaqui topminnows is present with longfin dace, Mexican stonerollers and mosquitofish, which make up 6 percent of the poeciliids. Mosquitofish were first recorded in 1980. In December 1980 they made up •• 10 percent of the poeciliids (Meffe et al. 1983). By June 1981 mosquitofish made up 0, 50 percent. Their presence makes this a Category #4 site. Since several fish barriers are along Black Draw it is possible that flooding events will knock mosquitofish downstream below the barriers. Rather than relying on chance events it may be better to renovate Black Draw and restock it.

105b. Black Draw at Twin Pond (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a natural Yaqui topminnow site which attains depths of 1.5 m. Topminnows coexist with Yaqui chubs and mosquitofish. In 1989 mosquitofish made up 88 percent of the poeciliids. This is a Category #4 site.

105c. Black Draw at Border (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a natural site for the Yaqui topminnow. It reaches depths of 0.3 m. Yaqui chubs are present with mosquitofish. Since no topminnows were collected in 1989, mosquitofish make up 100 percent of the poeciliids. Recent construction of a gabion at the border now isolates fish in Black Draw. Black Draw should be renovated and restocked.

106. Bonita Well (NPS Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument) is a 6 m long x 2 m wide x 0.5 m deep cement trough which once maintained a refugium population of Quitobaquito pupfish. This population was removed prior to the listing of pupfish as endangered. In 1989 this site was dry.

107. Border Springs (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) used to have introduced Yaqui topminnows, but in 1989 all its water was being piped to Robertson Cienega. No fish were found at Border Springs or in Robertson Cienega.

108. Bunting Spring (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is-a 0.2 m deep diffuse pool which contains introduced Yaqui topminnows. This site, as well as many others on the Refuge, is overgrown with Typha. This is a Category # 2 site. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 51

109. Chaney Place (Bureau of Land Management) is an artesian fed earthen tank that receives heavy cattle use. This site was rumored to have been stocked with Gila topminnows. In 1989 more than 100 fish were identified; all were mosquitofish.

110. Cienega Spring (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is an artesian spring which was shut off in 1989. Only two Yaqui topminnows were collected. Typhe is very dense at this Category #3 site.

111. Cottonwood Spring (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a shallow marshy area fed by an artesian well. The deepest part of the marsh is 0.2 m. A dense stand of bulrush is present and vegetation encroachment is a constant concern. This Category #2 site which maintains a large Yaqui topminnow population.

112. Red Creek (Tonto National Forest) is small but steady flowing, attaining widths of 4 m and depths of 0.4 m. Most of the creek is <0.1 m deep. Though it is believed to dry completely during droughts, in June 1989 water was abundant. A tall riparian overstory surrounds the creek. A small population of Gila topminnows which washed down from a former reintroduction site (Thicket Spring, Site #15) is present with longfin dace. Leopard frogs were observed in 1987 but not in 1989. Topminnows are very scarce in the mainstream but are locally abundant in backwaters. This Category #3 site could be enhanced with creation of additional backwaters.

113. Deer Valley High School (State) is a 18 m long x 14 m wide x 3 m deep man-made pond which was stocked with 50 desert pupfish in 1983. By 1987 mosquitofish had become established. In 1987 pupfish were sorted from the population and the site was drained and treated with chlorine. The site was restocked and both pupfish and mosquitofish were established in a short time. In 1989 mosquitofish outnumbered pupfish greater than 100:1. Bullfrogs were also present. It is likely that not all the fish which were restocked were adequately sorted. This site was to be renovated during spring 1990 and restocked with fish from Dexter to eliminate problems with sorting.

114. Desert Botanical Garden consists of a 16 m long x 14 m wide x 1.2 m deep cement pond. In November 1989 a large population of Gila topminnows was present with a small population of desert pupfish. ve

Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 52

115. House Pond (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) once maintained a natural stock of Yaqui topminnows. It is a large earthen tank which is 70 m long x 70 m wide x more than 5 m deep. Aquatic vegetation is very abundant in and around the water. Vegetation control may be a constant maintenance concern. In 1980 Yaqui topminnows were nearly extirpated by mosquitofish (USFWS 1984). The site was drained and renovated. In 1989 a large Yaqui topminnow population was present with Yaqui chubs and bullfrogs; no mosquitofish were collected. Plans are being made to stock Yaqui catfish into this Category #2 site. The following chronology is based on Meffe et al. (1983), Minckley and Brooks (1985) and Galat and Robertson (1988).

Date • • Status I [ _ I 1943 Yaqui topminnows present , 1964 Black crappie and black bullhead present, no topminnows

1979 Mosquitofish first collected, no topminnows . . 1980 Feb Site renovated

1980 Yaqui chubs stocked, established, destroyed (Minckley and Brooks 1985) 1980 May Yaqui topminnows stocked

1980 Jun Mosquitofish present, topminnows found in springhead

1984 Site renovated

1985 May Yaqui topminnows stocked (Galat and Robertson 1988)

1986 Aug Yaqui chubs recolonize (Galat and Robertson 1988)

116. Little Hells Gate (Bureau of Land Management) desert pupfish were stocked into this site in November 1977. Apparently a population never became established. In 1989 water was present but no fish were collected. This population is believed to be extirpated.

117. Middle Spring (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a shallow (0.15 m deep) marshy area fed by an artesian well and which contains a large population of Yaqui topminnows. Bulrush is abundant and may be a constant management concern at this Category #2 site.

118. North Pond (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge): this artesian fed earthen pond is 40 m long x 30 m wide x 2.0 m deep. A large population of Yaqui topminnows is present with a large population of Yaqui chubs. This Category #2 site has abundant aquatic vegetation which will periodically need to be controlled. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 53

119. Phoenix Zoo: in 1989 the only Zoo pond containing desert pupfish and Gila topminnows was overrun with green sunfish. The population is believed to be extirpated.

Date Status I 1975 Oct Gila topminnows stocked into a pond which was eventually eliminated by exotic fish

1986 Jul Gila topminnows and desert pupfish from Boyce-Thompson Arboretum were stocked into Cheetah Exhibit Pond

1986 August Gila topminnows and desert pupfish from Boyce-Thompson Arboretum were stocked into Cheetah Exhibit Pond

1989 Nov Green sunfish have eliminated native fish from Cheetah Exhibit Pond

120. Pupfish Spring (Bureau of Land Management) was stocked with desert pupfish in November 1977 and they were reported to have been knocked out by a flood shortly there after. In 1989 a small pool measuring 5 m long x 1 m wide x 0.2 m deep was present, but was fishless. This population is believed to be extirpated.

121. The Lake (Coronado National Forest) is a large shallow stock tank with a cement dam. The tank measures 70 m long x 30 m wide x 1 m deep. Tiger salamanders were present but Gila topminnows were absent. This population is believed to be extirpated. This site had abundant water in this dry year and the habitat looked ideal for both Gila topminnows and desert pupfish. If the tiger salamanders in the tank are not native, perhaps their removal would allow establishment of these endangered fish.

122. Rincon (NPS Saguaro National Monument) consists of 3 bedrock and sand plunge pools. The upper pool is 15 m long x 10 m wide x 1.75 m deep. The second pool is 3m long x 4 m wide x 1 m deep. The lowest pool is 12 m long x 2 m wide x 1 m deep. In 1989 Gila topminnows were abundant in the lower pool with goldfish. The other two pools contained only goldfish. Although this site is reported to dry during drought years, it had abundant water in late July. This Gila topminnow population is believed to have resulted from an undocumented stocking from an unknown source. This Category #3 site should be thoroughly surveyed to make certain it is the result of an undocumented stocking rather than a natural population. If it is determined to be a stocked population, the site should be renovated and restocked with topminnows of known origin.

Date • Status I I 1987 Jul Gila topminnows and goldfish first reported from this site. Topminnows were located in the uppermost pool. , 1988 Jun ' Park Service, unaware of the endangered fish, drained and renovated the upper pool to eliminate the nonnative goldfish. Topminnows were eliminated from this pool but became established a short distance downstream.

1989 Jul Goldfish found in all three pools, a small population of topminnows present in the lowest pool Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 54

123. Roper Lake State Park (State) has an office aquarium which contains 10 Gila topminnows and 10 desert pupfish.

123a. Upper Headquarters Pond is a 20 m long x 12 m wide x 1.2 m deep earthen pond which was stocked with desert pupfish in August 1989. It was fishless at the time of stocking. This pond is separated from the Lower Headquarters Pond (Site 123b) by a waterfall.

123b. Lower Headquarters Pond is a 40 m long x 10 m wide x 1.9 m deep earthen pond. It maintains a large population of Gila topminnows and a very small number of desert pupfish.

Year Status 1 1 I 1987 Nov Desert pupfish stocked from Boyce-Thompson I Arboretum (Site #80), Gila topminnows stocked from Middle Spring (Site #6)

1988 Desert pupfish abundant, topminnows gone

1988 Sep Gila topminnows stocked from Middle Spring (Site #6)

1989 Jul A large population of Gila topminnows present with bullhead (36 observed while walking around pond). Desert pupfish extremely scarce ' (only four observed in 3 trips).

This system offers an excellent opportunity to study coexistence of topminnows and pupfish. The lower pond has a large population of topminnows and will receive pupfish as the upper pond overflows. The upper pond contains just pupfish and is isolated from the lower pond by a waterfall.

124. Nogales Spring (private) is a natural spring with a dense riparian area. The spring is 3 m wide and is intermittent near the source. There are pools with depths of 0.6 m. Gila topminnows from Cienega Creek were stocked below the headspring. Two waterfalls isolate stocked fish from the headspring. In 1989 topminnows were moderately abundant. The available habitat limited the population, but successful recruitment was obvious. Perhaps fish should be stocked from the upper pools into the lower pools, rather than waiting for high flows to disperse them. Native leopard frogs and mud turtles inhabit this site, which ranked as a Category #3 site only because of its limited habitat.

125. Little Nogales Spring (private) is a natural spring with a dense riparian area. The spring is perennially flowing for at least 0.75 mile below the headspring. In 1989 Gila topminnows, stocked from Cienega Creek, were scarce, with no signs of recruitment. Topminnows were placed below a waterfall near the only windmill. Native leopard frogs and mud turtles are present. The topminnows were stocked in a quick moving stream. Perhaps they would do better downstrean, where the gradient is less. The size of the population makes this a Category #3 site.

127. Private Pond (private) is a 25 m long x 15 m wide x 1 m deep earthen tank located in the backyard of Dale and Alice Enlow, Arivaca. This population of Gila topminnows from Cienega Creek is the densest concentration of topminnows seen at any reintroduction site. Since this is considered a captive population, it is not Categorized. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 55

129. Mesquite Spring (Bureau of Land Management) was stocked with desert pupfish in 1983 but has not been reported on since 1984. By 1984 pupfish had become established in the two earthen ponds. In 1989 the upper pond measured 6 m long x 4 m wide x 0.6 m deep, the lower pond measured 4 m long x 3 m wide x 0.9 m deep. The upper pond has a barbless wire fence running through the middle of it and 100 percent of the pond's surface was covered with duckweed. The area receives heavy cattle use. No fish were present in 1989. This population is believed to be extirpated.

130. Bog Hole (Coronado National Forest) is a large earthen tank that was constructed for waterfowl habitat. The several acre tank has abundant aquatic vegetation. Quitobaquito pupfish of questionable genetic integrity were stocked in ..1977. They have washed over the dam and have been collected in the drainage below. Unauthorized stockings have resulted in establishment of green sunfish, largemouth bass, crappie and mosquitofish in the tank. A small population of pupfish exists in the eastern drainage which leads into Bog Hole. An Environmental Assessment is being written to address the effects of renovating this site. This is a Category #2 site which must be ranked as a Category #4 because of the presence of exotic fish.

131. Finley Tank (National Audubon Society) is a 20 m long x 20 m wide x 2.6 m deep earthen tank which maintains a large population of Quitobaquito pupfish with questionable genetic integrity. Although not seen in 1989, a native population of leopard frogs is also present. An Environmental Assessment is being written for removal of this pupfish, which is out of historic range. This is a Category #2 site.

132. Martin Well (Bureau of Land Management) is a well watered earthen tank fed by an artesian well. Near Howard Well (Site #83), this site has no record of having been stocked with Gila topminnows, yet in 1989 one small individual was collected and deposited at ASU. Also present were large populations of mosquitofish and green sunfish. This Category #4 site contains a small topminnow population that should be renovated and restocked from a population of known origin.

133. Buehman Canyon (State) is a 2 m wide slow moving creek with large populations of leopard frogs and longfin dace. Although the creek gets as deep as 1 m, most of the habitat is less than 0.2 m deep. The upper 0.75 mile of S5 is continuous but the lower quarter is intermittent. A large bedrock falls located downstream of S5 will act as a. barrier to upstream movements of fish. In July 1989 desert pupfish from Boyce-Thompson Arboretum (Site #80) were stocked throughout S5. In 1982 Gila topminnows were stocked on BLM land several miles upstream but never established. In 1990 S5 will be surveyed to see if pupfish were successful. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 56

134. Watson Wash (Bureau of Land Management) is a sand/gravel stream flowing from an artesian well. The stream is 2 m wide and travels for 0.15 mile, reaching depths of 0.5 m. In 1989 a large population of Gila topminnows, from an undocumented stocking of unknown origin, was first reported. Also present are red shiners, guppies and bullfrogs. Guppies made up 63 percent of the poeciliids in 1989. A major use at this site is recreation by bathers; the spring has thermal qualities. This Category #2 site should be renovated and stocked with topminnows of known origin. _ Date Status I I 1984 Feb Water chemistry sampled, no fish present

1984 Aug No fish present

1984 Oct Fish first reported, believed to be guppies

1989 Jul Gila topminnows present with guppies and red shiners

135. Flowing Wells Junior High (State), a 3.3 m long x 2 m wide x 1.2 m deep cement pond in Tucson, is in a schoolyard desert habitat area. Desert pupfish which were stocked from Deer Valley High School in 1986 number in the low hundreds. This captive population is not Categorized.

136. Tohono Chul Park, in Tucson, has small populations of Quitobaquito pupfish and Gila topminnows in separate outdoor displays. The pupfish came from the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (Site #137) and are of questionable genetic integrity. The topminnows also came from the Desert Museum and have a high incidence of deformed caudal peduncles. The pupfish should be eliminated and replaced with individuals of known origin. This captive site is not Categorized.

137. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, near Tucson, has several aquariums and outdoor displays with Quitobaquito pupfish of questionable genetics and Gila topminnows.

Date I Status ca. 1964 Quitobaquito pupfish stocked from unknown source. 15 years later these fish showed signs of inbreeding depression (Kynard 1979)

1978 Jun Quitobaquito pupfish stocked from Univ of AZ (Kynard 1979)

1978 Pupfish stocked from Rio Sonoyta and three lower Colorado River populations which were unintentionally mixed (Kynard 1979; Nick Dye pers. corn. 1989)

1981 Dec Quitobaquito pupfish stocked from Quitobaquito Springs (Howard Lawler pers. corn. 1989)

1985 Nov Gila topminnows stocked from Yellowstone tank (Site #23) (Howard Lawler pers. corn. 1989)

1989 Nov Gila topminnows and pupfish abundant in several aquariums and display ponds

There are conflicting reports about when the museum was renovated thus there is confusion about the genetics of its pupfish. This site should be renovated and stocked with fish of known origin. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 57

138. Arizona Historical Society located in Tucson, this site is comprised of a 10 m long x 1 m wide x 0.2 m deep courtyard pond. It now contains a pure population of desert pupfish from Dexter National Fish Hatchery.

Date status I J I 1978 May Quitobaquito pupfish of questionable genetics stocked from University of Arizona (Kynard 1979)

1987 Jun Gila topminnows stocked from a private aquarium which came from Boyce- Thompson Arboretum (Site #80)

1989 Jul Site renovated with chlorine; desertpupfish and mosquitofish were the only fish present

1989 Sep Desert pupfish stocked from Dexter National Fish Hatchery (site was visited twice prior to restocking; it was fishless both times)

139. Redrock Wildlife Area (New Mexico Department of Game and Fish): Gila topminnows from Dexter National Fish Hatchery were stocked in May and June 1989.

140. Hassayampa River Preserve (The Nature Conservancy) has desert pupfish and Gila topminnows in the visitor center aquarium. Both were also stocked in a springhead which feeds a large earthen tank. Pupfish were placed at the top of the system and are isolated from topminnows in the second pool. A vertical drop separates the upper pool from the second pool. A small dam isolates these pools from the earthen tank which is teaming with mosquitofish.

' - - — - Date Status - I 1988 May Topminnows from Middle Spring (Site #6) stocked into a trough near the visitor center. This population was eliminated during winter. - 1989 Aug Desert pupfish from Dexter National Fish Hatchery stocked into springhead pool #1. Gila topminnows from the Lower Headquarters Pond at Roper Lake State Park (Site #123b) stocked into springhead pool #2. Just as with the pupfish and topminnows at Roper Lake State Park, fish were stocked in such a way as to give information about topminnow/pupfish interactions. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 58

1. Leslie Creek (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a small creek with a dense arian overstory. In 1989 water was continuous from the large rock barrier to 0.33 mile downstream. Yaqui topminnows were present in small numbers downstream of the small cement dam located at the gauging station. No topminnows were found above the dam. An introduced population of Yaqui chubs is present with naturally occurring longfin dace. Yaqui suckers, introduced in 1969, maintained a population for a few years but eventually disappeared.

• I Year Status 1969 Yaqui topminnows stocked from Astin Spring (Site #103) Yaqui chubs stocked from Astin Spring (Site #103)

Pre-1972 Yaqui suckers stocked from an undocumented source=

1976 Drought threatening the existence of Yaqui topminnows; fish were supposed to be brought into Dexter National Fish Hatchery, however Dexter's records indicate their topminnows came from ponds on the San Bernardino Ranch. • 1978 Yaqui topminnows stocked from Astin Spring

1989 Aug A small population of topminnows present with abundant Yaqui chubs and longfin dace. The dace were heavily parasitized.

143. 2 Phd Ponds (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is actually four large earthen ponds fed by Bathhouse Spring (Site #104). More than 200 fish were identified in 1989 and all were mosquitofish. In October, Bathhouse Spring was turned off. The site dried and mosquitofish were eliminated.

144. USFWS Albuquerque is an aquarium population made up of 12 Gila topminnows and two desert pupfish.

145. Unnamed Pond (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a 15 m long x 15 m wide x 1.1 m deep earthen tank fed by Bathhouse Spring (Site #104) and Upland Spring (Site #147). Of more than 100 fish identified, all were mosquitofish. In October, the springs were shut off, the site dried and mosquitofish were eliminated.

146. Unnamed Spring (11N 1E S2) the Latitude and Longitude given in Brooks (1985) indicates a spring at the base of a mesa. In 1989 this spring was completely dry. Although this site was reported as successful in Brooks (1986), it was not mentioned in 1987. There is some confusion whether or not the spot indicated by the Lat/Long was stocked. The legal description for this site indicates a spot further to the west, Jubilee Spring (Site #27), which was also dry in 1989.

147. Upland Spring (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a shallow, densely vegetated pool fed by an artesian well. Depths rarely exceed 0.10 m. Although 100 percent of the fish sampled in 1989 were Yaqui topminnows, there was a good chance mosquitofish were present since this pool is indirectly connected to Unnamed Pond (Site #145) and Bathhouse Spring (Site #104), both of which had large populations of mosquitofish. Upland Spring was turned off in October. Site dried and all fish were eliminated. Vegetation will periodically need to be removed. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 59

148. Zig Zag Spring (Tonto National Forest) is a well watered stream that has a native population of longfin dace. Gila topminnows were stocked prior to 1983 (most likely during the 1982 stockings) and by 1983 they were gone (Glen Jennings pers. corn.). In 1989 the absence of topminnows was confirmed.

149. BLM, Kingman is an office aquarium which has been stocked with desert pupfish and Gila topminnows. In 1989, 20 topminnows were present but pupfish were absent, despite having been stocked twice.

150. BLM, Safford both Gila topminnows and desert pupfish have been stocked into this office aquarium. In 1989 one pupfish was present and all topminnows were gone.

151. AGFD, Phoenix Nongame Branch this office aquarium was set up in 1989 and maintains modest populations of Gila topminnows of Middle Spring (Site #6) origin and desert pupfish from Santa Clara Slough, Mexico.

152. Arizona Museum of Science and Technology, Phoenix several stockings of Gila topminnows and desert pupfish have been made to this educational display aquarium. In 1989 no fish were present when Gila topminnows, originally from Middle Spring (Site #6), and desert pupfish, originally from Santa Clara Slough, Mexico were stocked.

153. Dexter National Fish Hatchery (USFWS) maintains large populations of both desert pupfish and Gila topminnows that are used for reintroductions. Specific stocking information is found in Appendix A. The following information is from Dexter's files:

Yaqui topminnow—fish obtained from San Bernardino NWR in 1976. An additional stocking came from North Pond (Site #118) in 1980. In May 1983 the entire stock was preserved. No Yaqui topminnows from Dexter were ever stocked in the wild.

Gila topminnow—first obtained directly from Monkey Spring (Site #2) in 1976. The population of topminnows became contaminated with Gambusia nobflis in 1982. In 1984 the Gambusia were eliminated and 15 topminnows were salvaged. Fish from Yellowstone Tank (Site #23) and Alambre Tank (Site #59) were used to augment the Dexter stock. Yellowstone and Alambre had been stocked from Dexter in 1982. In July 1985, the entire stock was preserved except for those in the Colorado River squawfish pond. These fish were stocked with squawfish into Cherry Creek and the Salt River in late September. On September 23, 1985 Gila topminnows were brought from Sharp Spring (Site #4). On April 21, 1986 Gila topminnows were brought from Heron Spring (Site #76), an introduced population of Sharp Spring fish. Gambusia affinis was first detected on September 8, 1986 and the population was successfully sorted, resulting in the current population.

Origin of fish stocked from Dexter: 1976 to 9/26/1985 ...... Monkey Spring After 9/26/1985 ...... Sharp Spring

Desert pupfish were obtained in 1983 directly from Santa Clara Slough, Mexico. In 1989 the population was still going strong.

154. Bubbling Ponds (AGFD) is a State fish hatchery. In 1989 pupfish taken from Quitobaquito Springs were stocked into a temporary fiberglass holding tank at the Hatchery. This is one of two ref ugia for Quitobaquito pupfish that are unquestionably genetically "pure." The other is Arizona State University. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix C Page 60

155. Twin Pond (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a 30 m long x 20 m wide x 1' m deep pond which was surveyed in July. Yaqui topminnows from Tule Pond (Site #142) were stocked In October.

156. Robertson Cienega (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a newly constructed habitat which was surveyed in July 1989. Water from Border Springs (Site # 107) is piped to this 125 m long x 50 m wide x 1 m deep pool. In October 1989, Yaqui topminnows from House Pond (Site #115) were stocked.

157. Hay Hollow Storage Tank (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a water storage tank which was not surveyed in 1989. In October Yaqui topminnows from North Pond (Site #118) were stocked. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix D Page 61

APPENDIX D. Ust of all potential introduction sites visited in 1989. Ownership and locations are given in parentheses. Sites are alphabetically ordered.

1. Alamo Tank (Coronado National Forest 13S 17E S29 NW1/4) was proposed for stocking of Gila topminnows in early 1980s but was never stocked. It was dry in 1989.

2. Bear Skin Spring (Bureau of Land Management 4S 23E S36 SE1/4) is a 10 m long x 10 m wide x 1 m deep earthen pond with a dense stand of Typha. Al Bamman (BLM) reported the earthen dam was washed out by a flood that occurred prior to October 1989. The site looked good except that Typha would be a constant concern. Installing a dam that can withstand flooding is an obvious necessity at this site.

3. Black Tank (Coronado National Forest 6S 20E S10 SW1/4) was a well watered tank which had a large leopard frog population in 1987. It was dry in 1989.

4. Cienega Creek Natural Preserve (Pima Co. Parks and Recreation 16S 17E S34 SE1/4 NE1/4) consists of two fishless pools located 30 m from Cienega Creek. A dense riparian makes this a difficult site to find. The largest pool is 15 m long x 10 m wide x 0.4 m deep. Presence of abundant bank vegetation indicates this site is probably not prone to flooding. This site looks excellent for stocking of Gila topminnows which should come from the Cienega Creek (Site #5) population.

5. Cinco Ponds (Bureau of Land Management 19S 17E S11 SW1/4) is made up of five nameless ponds, near Cienega Creek (Site #5). All appear to be natural; the largest is 100 m long x 30 m wide x 0.5 m deep. Native leopard frogs are present but the ponds do not have fish. This site has great potential for maintaining large populations of Gila topminnows.

6. Corral Tank (Bureau of Land Management 10N 2E S8 SW1/4 SW1/4) does not have an official name. It consists of a 15 m long x 12 m wide x 1 m deep earthen tank fed by a 1.5 inch pipe. Typha has recently been dredged and burned,, but will probably need periodic removal. The tank is near a corral that has watering troughs. Native leopard frogs were present during the summer (Tim Hughes pers. com.). This site has excellent potential to support large populations of topminnows and pupfish and is recommended for stocking.

7. Davidson Tank (Coronado National Forest 6S 20E S4 NW1/4 SW1/4) was a well watered tank containing a small population of leopard frogs in 1987. In 1989 the tank had recently been cleaned out with heavy equipment and was dry.

B. Empire Spring (Bureau of Land Management 19S 17E S18 NE1/4 NE1/4) is a spring that travels 200 m in a drainage which feeds into Cienega Creek (Site #5). At its widest point it is 10 m wide; it is 1.5 m deep near the springhead. Eighty percent of the springhead's surface is covered with duckweed. The upper 100 m of this cool, clear spring has abundant habitat which would be suitable for stocking with Gila topminnows from nearby Cienega Creek.

9. Gap Creek (State 12N 5E S13 and 14): the surveyed perennial stream is at a road crossing 0.5 miles above the confluence with the Verde River. Longfin dace were abundant but nearly all the habitat was steady moving, shallow stream which would not likely support a large population of topminnows or pupfish. Most of the habitat was less than ankle deep. This site is not recommended for stocking.

10. Hackberry Spring (State 13S 20E S3 SE1/4 SW1/4): habitat is very limited in this perennial stream, which rarely is more than a few centimeters deep. Cattle use is heavy. This site is not recommended for stocking because of the limited habitat. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix D Page 62

11. Little Mud Spring (Tonto National Forest 3N 15E S23 NW1/4) was proposed for stocking of Gila topminnows in 1982 but the stocking occurred in Sycamore Spring (Site #21) instead. A windmill is located on the east side of the road. On the west side of the road is a tin trough (water present), a dry earthen tank and a dry circular cement tank. Habitat is very limited at this site, thus it is not recommended for stocking.

12. Mesquite Tank #2 (Tonto National Forest 2N 9E Si SE1/4 SW1/4): Site #68 received a stocking of Gila topminnows which persisted until 1985 when the drain on the 8 foot tall cement dam was opened and the tank went dry. However, the topminnow population had become established in the narrow drainage below (Mesquite Tank #2). The drain has since been closed and the tank is now 1.1 m deep. There is abundant habitat above the dam which would support a large population of Gila topminnows and or desert pupfish. This site is strongly recommended for restocking.

13. Mud Springs (Tonto National Forest 5N 9E S5 E1/2) located on the Boulder Mountain 7.5 quadrangle, this site was surveyed because in the past its proximity to Mud Springs (Site #18) had caused confusion about which Mud Springs had topminnows. Mud Springs (Site #18) had topminnows, but this site was dry in August 1989. It thus is not recommended for stocking.

14. O'Donnell Canyon (Bureau of Land Management/National Audubon Society 21S 18E S28 SW1/4 SE1/4) is a sandtrap above a dry tank. The sandtrap has a pool 10 m long x 3 m wide x 0.2 m deep. Gila chubs are abundant and one Mexican garter snake was caught. The small area, its shallowness and the presence of chubs make this an unlikely reintroduction site.

15. O'Donnell Tank (Bureau of Land Management/National Audubon Society 21S 18E S28 SW1/4 SE1/4) was dry in 1989, but in most years it has abundant water (Gene Knoder pers. corn.). In its present state this is not a good stocking site. However, cleaning the tank of several feet of silt may expose enough water to maintain fish even during dry periods.

16. Plunge Pool Below Government Spring (Bureau of Land Management 10N 2E S17 SE1/4 SE1/4) is a 5 m long x 2 m wide x 3 m deep bedrock plunge pool which has permanent water. This site may scour periodically, thus long-term persistence of fish is unlikely. However, during the 1989 Desert Fishes Recovery Team meeting it was decided that stocking marginal sites was desirable since it mimics the fishes' natural adaptation for population expansion during good years and contraction during poor years. Thus this site is recommended for stocking.

17. Porter Wash Ponds (Bureau of Land Management 4S 23E S21 NE1/4) is on a list which was sent to USFWS for designation as Experimental/Non-essential. Two 5 m long x 5 m wide x 1 m deep pools are present. These pools were dug with a backhoe and even though 1989 was a dry year, they were at their normal level. This site looks excellent for stocking topminnows and pupfish.

18. Post Canyon (National Audubon Society 21S 18E S28 SW1/4 NW1/4) is a 40 m long x 10 m wide x 1.3 m deep pond above a 20 foot tall cement dam. One small Gila chub was collected above the dam, largemouth bass were abundant below the dam. The pond above the dam looks ideal for stocking both Gila topminnows and desert pupfish. If the bass located in the pools below the dam were removed, additional habitats would be available.

19. Reimer Spring (Prescott National Forest 12N 4E S6 SW1/4 NE1/4) is a shallow perennial spring with occasional pools. The largest pool is 7 m long x 7 m wide x 0.5 m deep. The area is fenced but the fence is down. Water is very clear and no fish are present. This site looks ideal for topminnows and pupfish and is thus recommended for stocking. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix D Page 63

20. Ridges Spring (Prescott National Forest 10N 2W S32 NE1/4 NE1/4) consists of two man-made pools and three cement troughs. The upper pool is .4 m long x 3 m wide x 0.4 m deep with lots of algae. The lower pool is 6 m long x 4 m wide x 0.4 m deep with abundant vegetation. Topminnow habitat in the pools is very limited. The best habitat is actually found in the three cement troughs. Due to the limited habitat and short lifespan of cement troughs this site is not recommended for the stocking of endangered fish.

21. Robertson Cienega (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a large pond which is 125 m long x 50 m wide x 1 m deep. It is fed by two artesian wells (Border Springs, Site #107). In July 1989 this site was fishless. In October 1989 it was stocked with Yaqui topminnows.

22. Sierra Blanca Spring (State 13S 20E S10 NW1/4 NW1/4) water starts 60 m above the confluence with the main drainage. Water is continuous for 50 m then it turns into a dry wash. Water is very shallow. Pools are very limited thus this site has little potential for sustaining a native fish population. Cattle use is heavy. Site not recommended for stocking.

23. Unnamed Pond Near Bitter Creek (State 7N 2W S2 SE1/4 SE1/4) is a 23 m long x 15 m wide man- made pond which appears to be the result of mining activity. A small drainage is above the tank but water is believed to be from underground flow. Site does not scour and since the drainage is small the pond should not silt in for some time. Bottom substrate consists of sand and gravel. This site is recommended for stocking with Gila topminnows and desert pupfish.

24. Upper Sonotta Creek (private 20S 16E S34 W1/2) located above Cottonwood Spring (Site #1) in Sonoita Creek mainstream. A fish barrier isolates this site from the drainage below. Longfin dace are abundant. Pool habitat is present. This site has excellent potential for supporting a large population of Gila topminnows and is thus strongly recommended for stocking.

25. Spring Canyon (Bureau of Land Management 6S 28E S17 SW1/4) is a shallow, slow moving stream which travels over cobble/gravel substrates. Small pools are present every 30 m or so. This site is recommended for stocking with topminnows and pupfish.

26. Sycamore Creek (Tonto National Forest 9N 7E S29) is an extremely well watered creek with pools which attain depths of 2 m. An extensive overstory surrounds the creek. Longfin dace are abundant, as are green sunfish. Ideally, this site should be renovated and stocked with topminnows and pupfish. However, the remoteness of this site and the amount of water present would make this an enormous task. It is quite possible that topminnows and pupfish could coexist with green sunfish as topminnows do in Humbug Creek (Site #95). It is therefore recommended that topminnows and pupfish be stocked to see if they can find an unoccupied niche.

27. Tom Niece Spring #2 (Bureau of Land Management 4S 23E S22 NE1/4) is a 10 m long x 3 m wide x 1 m deep pool. Bullfrogs are present. Bank vegetation is abundant. This site is recommended for stocking.

28. Tributary to Cottonwood Gulch (Bureau Of Land Management 8N 2E S20 NW1/4 NW1/4) was on the list proposed for Experimental-Nonessential designation. In August 1989 it was dry (Tim Hughes pers. com.). It is not recommended for stocking.

29. Twin Pond (USFWS San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge) is a 30 m long x 20 m wide x 1 m deep pool. Site has ideal Yaqui topminnow habitat, however, there is possible radiation contamination in the well. In October 1989 Yaqui topminnows were stocked. Sonoran Topminnow and Desert Pupfish Report June 1991 Appendix D Page 64

30. West Fork of Pinto Creek (Tonto National Forest 1N 13E S7 and 8) is a slow moving creek with many shallow pools. One plunge pool is 5 m deep. An excellent riparian area surrounds this well watered creek. A native population of leopard frogs is present with longfin dace. This site has excellent potential for supporting large populations of both topminnows and pupfish.

31. White Water Spring (Tonto National Forest 3S 12E Si SW1/4 NE1/4) water extends for 35 m in a narrow drainage. Water depth is extremely shallow making this site unsuitable for introductions of fish. Cattle use is heavy.